Crawford County, Illinois - Chapter with an unread heading (no. 17 of those read), 1909 (part 2 of 11)

Mr. Brubaker was born in Lawrence County, Ohio, in 1842, but in 1856 was brought to Clark County, Ill., where he engaged in farming, young as he was. The outbreak of the war disarranged his plans, for he could not resist the call to duty, and he enlisted in August, 1862, at Terre Haute, Ind.,in Company E, Eighty-fifth Regiment Indiana Infantry, serving until June, 1865, when he was honorably discharged. He saw much hard service and participated in many of the notable battles of the war, being with Sherman on his historical March to the Sea.

Returning home he resumed his farming operations in Vigo County, Ind., but in 1869, deciding that Kansas offered more favorable opportunities, moved to that State, there living on a farm for six years. In 1875, however. he returned to Illinois, and located in Robinson, where he began work as a carpenter and builder, four years later forming a' partnership with John A. Wiseman, which continued a few years, when in 1890 he admitted his two o the firm, and the style became Brubaker & Sons. The new firm estab- Hshed the present lumber business, and later enlarged their field of operations so that they now carry a full line of lumber, builders' supplies including paints, oils, varnishes, brüshes, lathes, lime, hair, cement, plaster and hardware, and a full line of coal. They carry a stock worth $25,000 to $30,000, and it embraces all kinds and grades of goods in their line. Their yards are located near the New Methodist church, where they have a branch yard located on the Illinois Central Railway. The warehouse is 56x120 feet. two-stories in height, with metal front, with additional storage capacity for sash and doors. The office is in front of the warehouse, and is 23x30 feet. It is well supplied with every modern convenience, no pains having been spared in its equipment. In 1896, William A. Brubaker, the junior member of the firm, died, and the style was changed to the present one of Brubaker & Son, under which business is transacted and a very enviable reputation has been built up. In addition to his other interests Mr. Brubaker owns a small farm northeast of Robinson and a brick building on the southwest corner of the square where his lumber. yard is located. He also owns his handsome home at No. 607 Pine Street.

In 1866 Mr. Brubaker married Miss Mary M. Battery, of Meigs County, Ohio, who died in 1886, leaving him with four children. In 1893 he married as his second wife Miss Hannah Carter of Robinson. Mr. Brubaker is a member of the G. A. R. Post and takes a lively interest in its work and in the various encampments, which he always attends. Religiously. he is a member of the Methodist church and contributes liberally towards its support. Public-spirited, enterprising, a man who can be depended upon to do the right thing at the right time, Mr. Brubaker is most justly enrolled among the business men at Crawford County who have won success in their lives.

BUCHANAN, George L. (deceased). - The records of Crawford County show the results attained by men, now passed away, but whose untiring efforts conscientiously directed along progressive lines, did much towards the advancement of their locality. These men lived fearlessly and nobly, doing all they could to make better and purer the world, and after their demise, they were mourned by those who knew and appreciated them. It is such men as these who really constitute the backbone of any nation. While able men are needed upon legislative floors and lead armies in time of war, those who really attain to true greatness are those who faithfully do whatever lies nearest at hand, and who set forth in their lives the faith which is theirs.

The late George L. Buchanan, of Robinson Township, who died May 31, 1908, was a man of this caliber, and it will be a long time before he is forgotten by those who best knew him and profited by his kindly nature and generous impulses. Mr. Buchanan was born in Jackson County, Ohio, August 19, 1867. He was a son of James L. and Amanda E. (Smith) Buchanan, and in 1868 his parents came by boat down the Ohio River to the Wabash, and up that stream to Palestine Landing, locating first in La Motte Township. However, after a short time they eame to Robinson Township, where they made their permanent home. James L. Buchanan was a soldier in the Civil War serving under General Sherman, was on the, famous March to the Sea and died in 1899. His widow survives and makes her home with Mrs. George L. Buchanan. Mr. Buchanan was the elder of the two children born to his parents, his brother, Ralph Ernest, dying when about two and a half years old.

On August 18, 1890, Mr. Buchanan was married at the residence of the bride's father, near Duncanville, Crawford County, to Mollie E. Dunlap a daughter of John P. and Margaret J. (Scott) Dunlap. Mr. and Mrs. Buchanan had children as follows: Helen, born March 25, 1893; Oliver, born December 28, 1896; Cecile, born February 13, 1900; Margaret Emma, born December 30, 1901, and John James, born October 31, 1905.

Mr. Buehanan was a member of the United Presbyterian Church for over twenty years, and served as Elder in the Duncanville Church for about ten years. In 1902 he was a delegate to the General Assembly of his church, representing the Presbytery of Princeton, which was held at Greenville, Pa. In politics he was independent, preferring to cast his vote for the man he deemed best suited for the office. He never would consent to be a candidate, and was in no sense a politician, his private affairs occupying his time and interest.

Mrs. Buchanan was born in Greenville, Mereer County, Pa., November 20, 1868. Her father, John P..Dunlap was born in Trumbull County, Ohio, March 3, 1833, and her mother Margaret J. (Scott) Dunlap was bo on a farm near West Middlesex, Pa., in September, 1832. The grandfather on the Dunlap side of the family, Alexander Dunlap, and bis wife, Eliza (Burgess) Dunlap, were both reared in Ohio, and settling on a farm, there lived and died. The grandfather, James Scott, was born in Massachusetts, and became a manufacturer. His wife bore the maiden name of Martha Simison, and she was born in Trumbull County, Ohio. . In 1879 Mr. and Mrs. John P. Dunlap came from Mercer County, Pa., to Robinson Township, Crawford County, where Mr. Dunlap had purchased 120 acres of land. Later he added to this until he owned 160 acres. He died September 9, 1897. His widow lives with her daughter, Mrs. Buchanan.

Mrs. Buchanan was educated in the district schools of Crawford County, and later attended the Robinson High School and, after obtaining her certificate, taught in the country sckools of Crawford County for three years. Her girlhood was spent on her father's farm and she early learned the details of farm work. After marriage Mr. Buchanan engaged in a mercantilé business at Duncanville, but later became a farmer upon the excellent 155-acre farm owned by his father. This property has a comfortable modern residence and ample outbuildings upon it, and is in every way a thoroughly up-to-date farm in all its appointments. For the past twenty years Mrs. Buchanan has been a member of the United Presbyterian Church of Duneanville, and it was the pastor of this church, the Rev. W. H. Hemphill, who held the funeral services of the late Mr. Buchanan, at the church. A large number of friends attended these services, and many were moved to tears at the touching address delivered by the pastor, extolling the virtues of one who had

BURNER, Henry. - Crawford County, with its many interests and rich lands that are yielding up fortunes to its owners, is almost a garden spot of the world. Among the men who have made it their home for many years is Henry Burner, born in Licking County, Ohio, September 3, 1835, a son of Abraham and Barbara (Stover) Burner. Abraham Burner was born in the Shenandoah Valley, Va., and died thirty years ago, aged seventy-eight years. He was a son of Henry Burner, while the greatgrandfather of Henry Burner the younger, was Airhart Burner, who with two brothers came from Germany and settled in Virginia at an early period. The mother was a daughter of Samuel Stover, a farmer of Licking County, Ohio.

Reared to farm life and educated in the dis- schools, Henry Burner naturally became a farmer and has made Crawford County his home since he was brought here by his parents when he was ten years old. Later he became the first president of the co-operative store of Robinson, organized under the Patrons of Husbandry, and was also the first president of the Farmer's Equitable Co-operative Company, in Crawford County. The religious affiliations of Mr. Burner are with the Methodist Chureh, with which he has been connected for fifty-three years, and in which he has held all the offices and is now a trustee. For many years he has been an active Prohibitionist, and was much interested in the crusade of 1908.

On October 8, 1857, Mr. Burner married in Robinson Township, Crawford County, Mary Kirk, daughter of William Kirk, a farmer of Licking County, Ohio, who died July 16, 1861, at the home place in Robinson Township. The children born of this marriage were: Orlando A., born November 16, 1858, and Ida Ideal, born November 7, 1860. On March 24, 1864, Mr. Burner was married in Effingham County, Ill, to. Almeda (Beem) Gillenwaters, daughter of Michael and Catherine (Randall) Beem. Michael Beem was a local Methodist preacher of Effingham County. M$& and Mrs. Burner had children as follows: Mertie May, born in Robinson Township, near Robinson, March 8, 1876; Dora Barbara, born March 11, 1865, died January 11, 1877; Everie G., born December .12, 1866; Nettie Catherine, born October 5, 1868; Ella I., born October 26, 1870; Edgar E., born April 7, 1872; Frank M., born February 20, 1874; Charley Ross, born April 5, 1878, died January 25, 1908, and Cora Grace, born February 18, 1881.

Mrs. Burner died November 18, 1901, at the home place in Robinson Township, and tbe funeral services were conducted at Kirk Chapel by the Rev. Neal, her pastor, and her remains were tenderly interred in the adjacent cemetery. Mrs. Burner was born in Licking County, Ohio, February 15, 1839, and married George

Gillenwaters June 15, 1856. By this marriage she had one daughter, Mrs, Alice Wilson, who survives her. Mr. Gillenwaters died May 3, 1859. A Methodist trom youth, Mrs. Burner was an earnest, devout Christian, and lived out in her life the faith which was hers. She left at her death, eight children by her second marriage, in addition to the one by her first marriage, two stepchildren, eleven grandchildren, and one greatgrandchild; a sister, Marita

On January 25, 1908, death once more entered the Burner family, the son, Charley Ross, being this time the victim. He was a most exemplary young man, who, after the ordinary farmer boy life, attended normal school at Normal, Il., and when nineteen years old engaged in teaching for two years, when he entered upon the study of medicine. In September, 1900, he entered the Indiana Medical College at Indianapolis, from which he was graduated with honors, April 22, 1904. In the following July, he settled in South Bend, Ind., but within five months he was obliged to abandon his practice on account of failing health. He joined Kirk Chapel in his youth, and was faithful to its teachings all his life. During his college life and afterwards, he was prominent in the work of the Y. M. C. A. Fraternally he was a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and the Court of Honor. His funeral was conducted in Kirk Chapel, and he lies by the side of his mother in Kirk Cemetery. The Odd Fellows had charge of the obsequies, and the ceremony was very imposing.

BUSER, Finley L. - Successful among the terprising young farmers of Martin Township, energetic in his work, and knowing every detail of farm life, Finley L. Buser, is naturally regarded as one of the representative farmers of Crawford County. He was born on the farm which he now occupies, on Section 35, Martin Township, January 29, 1877, a son of David Buser, a retired farmer of Newton, Ill, who was a pioneer of the county having been born in Coshocton County, Ohio, March 14, 1836. There David Buser was reared and, after attaining his majority, moved to Indiana and was there married in 1860 to Susan Holler. They became the parents of eight children, of whom Finley L. Buser was the youngest. Their children were all born on the present farm of Mr. Buser except the eldest, who was born in Indiana. David Buser came to Crawford County soon after his marriage, located on tbe farm that became the homestead. He improved it and brought the land into a good state of cultivation. His first purchase consisted of 40 acrés, but he kept adding to it until he owned 300 acres. In 1908 he retired from farming, locating at Newton, Jasper County, Ill, where he is enjoying the results of his labors.

Finley L. Buser was brought up in the usual way, alternating between the district school and ` hard work on the farm. On September 28, 1902, he married Ada Sheets, who was born In Oblong Township, a daughter of Henry Sheets, of the same Township, a successful farmer and one of the pioneers of that part of Crawford County. Mr. Buser owns 50 acres of the homestead, which hejhas improved and has developed into a very valuable property. Mr. and Mrs. Buser have two daughters, - Dorothy and Doris, both born at their present home. Mr. Buser is a Democrat. Both he and his wife are members of the First Christian Church, and they have many friends in the locality where they reside.

CALLAHAN, Ethelbert, attorney-at-law and the oldest of the Bar of Crawford County, was born in Licking County, Ohio, December 17. 1829. His father was of Irish and his mother of English descent, and his father's father, the Rev. George Callahan, was a soldier of the Revolution, and a pioneer Methodist preacher in Ohio. In 1849 Ethelbert Callahan came to Crawford County, and during the following winter taught a three-months' school for fifteen dolars a month. In 1853-54 he edited the "Wabash Sentinel," and then went to Marshall and edited the "Telegraph" during the Know Nothing campaign of 1854. P

On June 27, 1854, he married Mrs. Mary Barlow Jones and has since resided in Crawford County. When a boy he was present at a trial in which Thomas Ewing and Henry Stansbury were the opposing counsel and was so much interested that he determined to become a lawyer, but this ambition did not seem on the way to be gratified. 1857 he was elected Justice of the Peace and began to read law. In 1859 he was admitted to the Bar. In 1861 he opened an office at Robinson, the countyseat of Crawford County, began an active practice, which he still continues. His career as a lawyer has been eminently successful in every way. Mr. Callahan has a profound knowledge of law; he gives each case patient study thus gaining complete mastery of every detail, and he has that rare ability to seize upon opportunities during a trial and making the most of them. An eloquent man, he has always had a great power over juries, and yet he has at the same time always maintained a high standard of honor and courtesy to friend and foe alike. The general practice of a country lawyer necessarily includes every branch of the law and all classes of cases, from 'the most trivial to those of the most serious eharacter involving life, liberty, reputation the numerous rights of property arising out of diversifled pursuits and commerce of the country.: This kind of practice enlarges the knowledge, and broadens the mind of the lawyer who keeps up with its demands. It is eneugh to say that such a practice was Mr; Callahan's and that he has kept fully abreast of it. As a recognition of his character, ability and standing as a lawyer, the honorary degree of LL. D. was conferred upon him in June, 1898, by MeKendree College.

Mr. Callahan claims the distinction of having made the first speech in the county in favor of the Republiean party. As a member of the Republican party he has served in the Twentyninth, Thirty-seventh, Thirty-eighth and Thirtyninth General Assemblies of the State. As Presidential Elector in 1880 and 1888, he assisted in casting the vote of Illinois for Garfield and Harrison. He was a member of the first Stae Board of Equalization. He was one of the organizers of the Illinois State Bar Association, was its President in 1889, and has contributed several valuable papers, among which was "The Lawyers of the Bible," which has been extensively copied. One of the largest farmers in the county, his farm on the banks of the Wabash is an exponent of the best methods of cultivating the soil, and his great success as agriculturist proves that brains are needed in the growing of corn and the system of drainage, just as they are at the Bench or the Bar. He is a member of the Methodist Church and was in 1874 a delegate from the Southern Illinois Conference of that church to the General Conference held in Brooklyn. Mr. Callahan has been largely instrumental in securing many improvements throughout the county, and is oftentimes called the Father of Hard Roads in Crawford County.

CARLISLE, Jonas W., M. D. - The profession of medicine is one that demands much of its followers, and never receives enough of their time or energy, for the education of a good physician is never completed as long as he lives. No other calling demands so much constant study and research, but none is so exalted or so satisfying in results, for the issues of life and death are within the control of the doctor, and unless he is competent death ensues. Among the leading physicans of Crawford County, one of whom there should be special mention is Jonas W. Carlisle, who is engaged in active practice in Robinson. He was born near Hardinville, Crawford County. IlL, August 30, 1868, a son of James and Sallie (Allsup) Carlisle. James Carlisle, the father, was born in Ohio in 1841, while his wife was born in Indiana in 1840. The father was a merchànt and served during the Civil War as a soldier in the Sixty-fifth Indiana Volunteer Infantry. At the close of the war, James Carlisle, in 1865, came to Martin Township, Crawford County and engaged in farming, which he continued until three years prior to his death, when he became a merchant of Hardinville. He died in March, 1875, but his widow still survives, living in Robinson.

After finishing a common school course Dr. Carlisle went to Merom College and the Northern Indiana Normal School at Valparaiso and then for five years taught school in Crawford County, after which he began the study of medicine in the Chicago Physio-Medical College, from which he was graduated in the Class of 1897. After his graduation he at once located in Robinson where he has since resided, firmly establishing himself in the confidence of the community and building up a large and remunerative practice. Dr. Carlisle is fortunate in having as his partner his wife, who was a classmate of his and who graduated with him and then took a course in training as a nurse at the Willie Hipp Hospital at Chicago. The firm does business under the name of Drs. Carlisle. Mrs. Carlisle was a Miss Bessie Ross, born in Sterling, Whiteside County, Ill., in 1873. Her parents were from New England.

Dr. Carlisle has always been a Republican and in religious affiliations is a Methodist, having joined that church when fourteen years of age. Fraternally he belongs to these orders: Loyal Americans, Independent Order of Odd Fellows, Modern Woodmen, Improved Order of Red Men. Royal Arcanum, Court of Honor, Tribe of Ben Hur, Modern American, and Sons of Veterans.

Dr. and Mrs. Carlisle were married June 30, 1897, and four children have been born to them: Vera and Vivian, twin girls, born June 16, 1900; Iris, born October 3, 1905. and Irma, born January 18, 1908. In addition to owning valuable oil property, which yields a comfortable income, the Carlisles own their beautiful home on the corner of West Main Street. They are not only among the best physicians in the county, but are very popular socially and enjoy a wide reputation for their delightful hospitality.

COLLIFLOWER, Capt. W. J., a farmer of Hutsonville Township for many years, was born in Washington County, Md., September 18, 1833, the eldest of six children born to his parents, Peter and Mary (Markett) Colliflower, born in 1780, and 1802, respectively. in Washington County, Md., the former of whum died when W. J. Colliflower was only thirteen. The lad began working for $3 per month, and in 1847 he accompanied his brother-in-aw, Samuel Sowders, to Columbus, Ohio, and in the following spring to Dayton, in that State. In 1851 he engaged as huckster for Levi Lemon, and a year later carried on this line of business for himself. Later he became clerk in a dry-goods store, and in the spring of 1853 made an overland trip to California and remained there unti] July, 1854, when he returned home. In September, 1854, he returned to California by water, and from there went to Vancouver's Island with several prospectors. They built a boat proposing to investigate the Frazer River and ascended the Stream for 200 miles, but met with no success. with their mining ventures. In 1859 once more he returned home, and a year later went to southwestern Missouri where he engaged in the fruit-tree business. He also bought furs of the Indians and sold them. In August, 1862, he enlisted in the Sixty-third Ohio Infantry, Company I, going out as captain, and participating in all of the engagements of his regiment, and being mustered out in August, 1864, after which. he came to Crawford County, Il., and bought a farm in Hutsonville Township, which he has increased until he became the owner of 265 acres. In pelitics Mr. Colliflower is a Republican, and has always supported his party. Mr. Colliflower was married near Dayton, Ohio, in June, 1861, to Sarah A. Horning, who was born May 19, 1838, and they became the parents of these children: Minnie H., John S., William P. Lawrence G., Estella M., Myrtle M., Roscoe and Ralph.

CORRELL, Thomas (deceased), formerly a farmer of Hutsonville Township, was born in the county, July 30, 1830, a son of Hiram and Rebecca (Newlin) Correll. Hiram was born August 12, 1807, in North Carolina, and died September 7, 1873, his wife born in Randolph County, N. C., July 1, 1810, and they had these children : Thomas, Sophia, Alfred, John Matthew, Margaret, Mary, Irene, Jane, Lucretia and Winfield S., who lived to maturity. Thomas Correll's educational advantages were limited, but he attended district school, and when old enough became a farmer. At the time of his marriage he owned 80 acres of land, and later increased this to 345 acres, which he devoted to farming and stock-raising, and also engaged in grain threshing and manufacturing tile. He belonged to the Patrons of Husbandry, Science Lodge, No. 1161, and with his wife was a member of the Christian Church. In politics he was a Republican. On May 23, 1850, Mr. Correll was married in Crawford County to Susannah York, born July 28, 1828, in that county, a daughter of John and Martha (Eaton) York, natives of Kentucky. Mr. and Mrs. Correll had children as follows: Albert N., Orlan N., Matilda E., Sophia I., Celestia J., Charles M., Minnie B., Ira H., John A. and William W.

CORTELYOU, John. - The farming interests of Crawford County certainly vie with the oil interests since the discovery of oil in this locality, | and many of those who, prior to tHat discovery, devoted all of their attention to agricultural matters, are engaged in the production of oil, or associated with kindred lines. John Cortelyou, of Robinson Township. who is one of the most prosperous farmers and oil men of the county, was born in Warren County, Ohio, near the town of Mason, December 28, 1838, a son of Peter and Catherine Cortelyou, natives of New Jersey. They had children as follows: Abraham, born October 1, 1825; William, born December 19, 1826; Aletta, born January 15. 1829; Rebecca, born March 9, 1831; Jacob, born January 24, 1834; Peter, born. August 28, 1836; and John, born December 28, 1838, the last named being the only surviving member of this family.

John Cortelyou was educated in the district school of his neighborhood, and remained on the farm with his father until he was married on May 23, 1865, at Lebanon. Ohio, by Rev. Lucien Clark, a Methodist minister, to Mary A. Maud, born November 27, 1838, a daughter of John and Hannah Maud, both from Yorkshire, England. In 1868 he removed from Ohio to Illinois, and located in Robinson Township, Crawford County, where he rented a farm of 120 acres for eight years. He then bought 136 acres from William Updike, and six producing wells have been drilled on it. In addition to this farm, which is an excellent one, he has given each of his four sons a farm.

The Maud family came to America about 1834 on a sailing vessel, being six months on the ocean before their arrival at New York City. The journey was a very trying one, especially for young children. There were eight children in the Maud family, - four born in England and four in America, and being evenly divided as to sex. The father worked in Cincinnati at*various kinds of work for two years, when he commenced farming, renting 160 acres on shares. His sons grew to be wealthy men, owning between them at one time some 600 acres about eighteen miles outside of Cincinnati.

Mr. and Mrs. Cortelyou have had children as follows: William M., born October 30, 1866, died November 8, 1896 - had married Grace Carlton, daughter of John and Martha Carlton, and they had one daughter, Dorothy ; Arthur Elmer, born February 15, 1868, married Cora Miller, daughter of Israel and Lydia Miller, and they have six children: Allen, born November 15, 1869, married Ella Dees, daughter of Daniel Dees of Crawford County, and they have one son. Chester; Herbert Preston, born January 25, 1876, married Melissa Connett, daughter of Isaac and Rebecca Connett, and they have one child, Willard; Francis M., born October 3, 1879, married Dale Henderson, daughter of Joseph and Melissa Henderson, and they have four daughters and one son.

Mr. Cortelyou is a Republican in politics. and belongs to the United Brethren church of which he has been a member for forty-five years, his wife having joined the church at the same time.

COULTER, Charles V. - Farming and stockraising have become very profitable, especially in Crawford County where there are so many favorable conditions relating to agricultural life. Charles V. Coulter, although one of the young farmers of Martin Township, is one of its most progressive citizens. He is a native of Crawford County. having been born in Robinson Township, November 27, 1882, a son of Henry Coulter, a retired farmer and carpenter of Martin Township, who came to this township from Robinson Township. The father is of German descent, a son of Valentine Coulter (now deceased), who was a pioneer of Robinson Township, clearing off there a fine farm. The mother of Charles V. Coulter was Katherine (Culp) Coulter, also of German descent. She bore her husband children as follows: James L. (deceased), Ida, Russell, Mary, and Charles V.. all born in Robinson Township.

Coulter married Myrtle Boyd, who was born in Robinson Township, a daughter of Noah Boyd, a pioneer of Robinson Township. There Mr. Coulter began farming and now has a fine farm of 60 acres of land on which are located two wells of oil. Mr. Coulter is a life-long Democrat but as yet has not aspired to public office. His success in farming is such as to encourage him to continue, although he has seen considerable of the outside world, for in 1898 he became a member of Company D, Fourth Illinois Infantry, with which he was connected for three years. Prior to his marriage he spent two years in the West engaged in farming. He is a young man who is not backward in taking advantage of any opportunity offered, and is bright, keen, a good business man, and a hard worker, and one who makes friends wherever he goes.

COX, Bryant (deceased), who at one time was a successful farmer of Hutsonville Township, was born in Wayne County, N. C., October 21, 1804, a son of Thomas and Winney (Harrol) Cox, who died, the former in 1809 and the latter between 1850 and 1860. Bryant Cox was the fourth in a family of seven children, losing his father when five years old. As his widowed mother had to bring up her children on scanty means, his only educational advantages consisted of seventeen days at school, but he was energetic and ambitious, and soon was helping his mother. When he was over twenty he married and began farming for himself, paying more than half he made for rent. In 1830 he came to Illinois, reaching Crawford County, June 1, having made the journey on foot, his wife and children coming on in a eart drawn by two horses, only one of which was his own. Here he rented land in Hutsonville Township, about a quarter of a mile from what became his farm. The family endured all kinds of hardships, sleeping on the floor in their log cabin, but they finally prospered and he entered land in 1833 to the amount of 70 acres. Te this he added until at one time he owned 611 acres, which he later divided among his children, retiring from active life. On February 5, 1824, he married Martha Bradbury in North Carolina, who died February 5, 1842, leaving five children. July 15, 1842, he married in Crawford County, Candace Harrison, who died March 1, 1879. On August 14, 1881, he married Sarah Miller of Crawford County. Both Mr. and Mrs. Cox were members of the Christian Church.

COX, Rev. John L., born in Crawford County. December 10, 1840, whose father was born in Wayne County, N. C., September 25, 1804, and came to Union County, Ill., with his parents in 1823, and to Crawford County in 1825. He married in 1828 Deborah Lindley, born in North Carolina, April.5, 1811, and who died November 24, 1878, while he died January 22, 1868. They had ten children, of whom John L. was the sixth. After growing up on the farm, John L. Cox married at the age of twenty-five, and leaving home engaged in farming: He lost his wife the first year of their married life, and the next summer returned to the homestead. In January, 1867, he became a preacher of the Missionary Baptist Church in his vicinity, and finally divided his time between the Mount Zion and Liberty churches. His farm of 145 acres was made valuable through his efforts, and he was as good a preacher as farmer, being eloquent and a man of deep piety. His first riage occurred January 25, 1866, when he married Augusta Rains, who died November 21. 1866. November 25, 1875, he married Lucinda Mickey, a native of Crawford County, born February 8, 1856, and they had three children: Ernest, Eunice and Almie.

COX, John Thomas. - The mercantile house of Cox, general merchant of Trimble, is a monument to the business enterprise of John Thomas Cox, who has been connected with various business enterprises in Crawford County. He was born at Hutsonville in that county, April 4, 1868, a son of William and Emily (Voorheis) Cox. Wiliam Cox was born on the home place in Hutsonville Township, March 14, 1838. and died November 29, 1881. The paternal grandfather, Thomas Cox, was one of the very early settlers of Crawford County, coming from North Carolina. The maternal grandfather, Mahlon Voorheis was also a pioneer of Crawford County. Mrs. William Cox resides in Trimble and keeps house for her son A. M. Cox. A brother of Mrs. Cox, Joseph Voorheis was killed in 1863. His command was ambuscaded, and commanded to surrender, and he alone refused to do so, opening up fire. and he fell, riddled with bullets. The birth of Mrs. Cox oceurred in Hutsonville Township. March 1, 1840.

After attending common school in Hutsonville, Mr. Cox entered the academy at Bloomingdale, Ind., and after finishing his course there, took a course at the Commercial College at Valparaiso, Ind. which he failed to complete on account of illness, compelling him to return home. Following this he and his brother engaged in a butchering business under the style of Cox Bros, at Hutsonville, and thus continued for four years, when he was made Overseer of the County Farm, continuing in that office for five years, when he opened his present general merchandise store at Trimble.

On September 21, 1890, at Trimble, Mr. Cox was married to Miss Minnie Myrtle Meek, born January 18, 1871, daughter of George and Miranda Meek, the former born October 9, 1836, in Ohio, and the latter born February 13. 1843, near Brazil, Ind. The father of Mrs. Cox enlisted in Company B, Ninety-seventh Indiana Volunteer Infantry, under Captain Smith. He was severely wounded and suffered from his wound until gangrene set in which occasioned his death, February 1, 1877. Mr. and Mrs. Cox have three children: Glendela, born July 4, 1891: Bertha May, born May 18, 1894: and Ansel Voorheis, born October 21, 1901. These children are all very bright, and the eldest shows evidence of becoming quite brilliant. She joined the Christian church in 1906, and her Mrs. Cox joined 'the church when sixteen years old, and is an active worker in it. Her class of girls and boys in the Sunday School is very large, and she is extremely popular.

In politics Mr. Cox is a Republican, and has served as Tax Collector two years and seven years as School Director. Fraternally, he is a Modern Woodman and a Royal Neighbor. He has been a member of the Baptist church of Hutsonville for fourteen years, and was at one time Superintendent of the Sunday School. The family are comfortably located in their delightful home in Trimble, where a hearty hospitality is extended to the large circle of friends the Cox family have gathered about them.

Mr. Cox came himself of a large family, being the seventh in nine children, as follows: H. T.. K. M., Katherine, Alice, two who died in infancy, John Thomas, Lura (deceased), and A. M. All the surviving children reside in Crawford County. Mrs. Cox was the sixth in a family of nine children, namely: Laura (deceased), Ida, Sarah, Jane, Dovanna (Mrs. Cox), Sabrina, E. A., and G. D.

Crews and Amelia (Spraggins) Crews, the former born in Virginia August -7, 1802. In 1817 W. J. Crews came to Crawford County with his father, and entered Government land, which later came into the possession of J. H. Crews. The latter was educated in Montgomery Township, and had a valuable early training in farm work. February 13, 1866, he married Ella Pifer, born September 16, 1845, in La Motte Township, daughter of Joseph and Margaret (Walker) Fifer. Mrs. Crews bore her husband two children: Charles W. and Edwin C. Mr. Crews was a Republican, a Knight of Honor, and he and his wife joined the Methodist Episcopal Church.

CROWLEY, judge Joseph Burns. - For Judge Crowley public office has always been indeed a public trust, and he has conscientiously labored to discharge it. He has handled many grave problems with marked skill, and it is characteristic of him that he does not consider that his obligation to the public is limited simply to the faithful discharge of his official duties. There bas not been an important question of legislation, nor an important movement on the part of the county or State for some years, in which he has not taken at least a deep interest, if he did not personally participate, and the debt Crawford County, as well as Robinson, owes him is too great ever to be adequately discharged.

beth (Williams) Crowley. Samuel B. Crowley was born in the same place as his son, March 17, 1820, while the mother was a native of the same locality, where she was born January 7, 1827. Samuel B. Crowley was a man of importance in his day, and his worth was recognized when Governor Chase of Ohio appointed him Major-General of the Ohio State Militia. At the outbreak of the Civil War, Major Crowley served as Captain, commanding Company K, Thirty-second Illinois Volunteer Infantry, serving with distinction. having previously served as Lieutenant in an Ohio regiment during the Mexican War. Later he was Sheriff of Coshoction County, Ohio, and still later filled two terms in the same capacity in Jasper County, Ill, where he settled in 1858, removing thence to Robinson, Crawford County, in 1871. By trade he was a earpenter and followed that calling, making a success in life financially, as he certainly did as a supporter of his country.

Judge Crowley was educated in the common schools of Illinois, in the law office of George N. Parker and by experience, and is.a man of wide reading, broad views and deep sympathies whose judicial mind can grasp and decide upon any subject without any appreciable effort. For some time in the beginning of his career Judge Crowley carried the United States mails from Robinson to Lancaster. IlL, a distance of forty miles. He next clerked in a grocery store, but then decided upon entering the legal profession and began the study of law in the office of George N. Parker, being admitted to the Bar in May, 1883, when he formed a partnership with Mr. Parker under the name of Parker & Crowley, which still continues. In 1886 so well known had he become, he was elected County Judge on the Deomcratic ticket and reelected in 18%. In 1893 he was appointed by President Cleveland as Special United States Treasury Agent in charge of the Fur Seal Fisheries of Alaska, when he resigned the judgeship to accept the honor tendered him. After filling the office with distinction for five years, he resigned 1898 and became a candidate for Congress on the Demoeratic ticket, was elected by a large majority and re-elected in 1900 and 1902, serving in all three terms. Fraternally Judge Crowley is a member of the Masonic order, is a Knights Templar, and belongs to the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, Knights of Pythias. Elks, Woodmen, and Modern Americans. In church affiliation, he is a Presybterian.

Judge Crowley was married in Robinson, Ill., in 1889, to Miss Alice Newlin, who was born in that eity September 29, 1894. "Two children have been born to them: Emily, aged eighteen, and Joseph Burns, Jr. aged four years. Judge and Mrs. Crowley have a beautiful home in Robinson, surrounded by carefully improved grounds in which shrubs and giant trees alternate. This home is the center of complete domestic happiness and hospitality and their many friends enjoy nothing better than a visit to it.

CUNNINGHAM, James Edward. - The growth and development of any section is caused just as much by the enterprise, energy and progressive spirit of its citizens as by its own natural resources. No community has ever reached a state of high development without the aid of capable, reliable men in whom the faith of the public, at large can be placed, and Oblong Township is no exception to this rule. One of the representative citizens of this township is James Edward Cunningham, who was born in Oblong Township. Crawford County, IlL, July 21, 1858. His father, William Cunningham, was born October 28, 1828, in Licking County, Ohio, and his death occurred near Hardinville, April 28, 1869. He was a son of Jonathan Cunningham, who came to Crawford County and took up 400 acres of government land.

In 1851, when twenty-three years old, William Cunningham came to Crawford County, and for a number of years worked at his trade as a carpenter in Oblong and Martin Townships putting up many houses. He also cleared off a farm, and, at the time of his death, owned 220 acres in Oblong Township. William Cunningham married Ruth A. Smith, a daughter of Stephen and Lydia (Hudson) Smith, who was born in Genesee County, N. Y., March 24, 1835. The children born to Mr. and Mrs. William Cunningham were: James E., born July 21, 1858; John O., born March 25, 1860; George A.. born November 21, 1861; Samuel E., born February 27, 1864; Frank M., born November 23, 1865, died unmarried June 2, 1895, near Danville, Ind., and is buried at Hardinville; Thomas H., born June 10, 1867, died September 16th of the same year; and Fred W., born August 19, 1868. After the death of her husband, Mrs. Cunningham married Adam S. Siler, and they have had two children, both of whom are married. Mrs. Siler lives in Robixson.

James Edward Cunningham received his early education in the log schoolhouse in Martin Township, and then went to school in the Center School Distriet in Oblong Township. He was married April 21, 1888, to Irene Mitchell, in Oblong Township, the Rev. William Tilroe of the Methodist church officiating. Miss Mitchell was a daughter of William E. and Martha (Dispennett) Mitchell, the former a native of Indiana, and the latter (now deceased), of Ohio. Mr. and Mrs. Cunningham are the parents of seven children, namely: Raymond C., born May 17, 1889; Elsie Fern, born March 30, 1891; Bertha Inez, born September 19, 1893; Mabel M., born February 25, 1896, died July 26, 1897; Florence L., born May 10, 1898; Lela, born March 6, 1901, and Mary Edith, born November 16, 1908.

In polities Mr. Cunningham is a Democrat, and fraternally he is connected with the Modern Woodmen. Mrs. Cunningham is a member of the Methodist church, in which she has been a Sunday School teacher for twenty-five years. For eight terms she was a teacher in the public schools of Crawford County, and became well and favorably known as an educator.

CURTIS, Charles F. - Persistent effort along any line brings success and the gratifying realization of work well done. From poverty, through hard work and sturdy thrift, Charles F. Curtis, a farmer and oil-producer of Section 12, Oblong Township, Crawford County, has become a man of means and is regarded as one of the representative citizens of his locality. He was born on his father's farm, July 31, 1880, a son of L. B. Curtis, a farmer and pioneer of Oblong Township. Left an orphan at sixteen, Mr. Curtis worked for neighboring farmers until 1904, and secured a common school education. In 1904 he located on his present farm of 79 acres, and cleared up four acres, and made extensive improvement. In 1907 Mr. Curtis was fortunate enough to discover oil on his property, and now has five good wells in operation.

In April, 1904, Mr. Curtis was married to Melissa Hargus, a daughter of John Hargus, and they have one child, Caswell. Mr. Curtis has always been a Republican, but is not an office-seeker. The pleasant home of Mr. and Mrs. Curtis is the center of perfect domestic happiness, and they welcome their many friends with delightful hospitality.

CURTIS, John H. - Existence in what was once frontier regions, then so full of the tragedy of Indian warfare, has been gradually softened by peace and religion through the efforts of the brave pioneers, history makers. The Curtis family is very prominently identified with the early history of Illinois, and especially of Crawford County, where its members are to be found in large numbers, all prosperous, and many occupying positions of publie trust. John H. Curtis, residing on Section 14, Oblong Township, was born in the township in which he now resides, January 15, 1844, a son of A. C. Curtis, one of the pioneers of the township, who was a native of Ohio and came to Oblong in 1840 when a young man. He came with his father, Wiliam W. Curtis, who organized the first Christian conference in the State. He entered land from the government, cleared it, and owned property that is now the site of the best oil wells in this locality. William W. Curtis had twelve children, whom he reared to useful maturity, and he was a man widely known and universally respected.

A. C. Curtis married Sarah Boyd, born in Kentucky and married in Oblong Township. He entered 160 acres of land in Oblong Township, paying therefor $1.25 an acre, and which has Since been developed into a valuable property.

owned 500 acres in that Township. Mr. and Mrs. A. C. Curtis had ten children, four sons and six daughters, all born in Oblong Township, of whom John.H. Curtis is the eldest, six being now deceased. The father was a stanch Republican, and in religious relations was a member of the Christian church. His death occurred when he was fortv-eight years old.

Working on his father's homestead, and attending the local schools, John H. Curtis grew to sturdy young manhood. On August 9, 1862, he enlisted in Company D, Ninety-eighth Illinois Volunteer Infantry, and was mustered out July 6, 1865. He was attached to the Army of the Cumberland and participated in the engagements at Wild Cat Gap and Mill Springs, Ky., Murfreesboro, Stone River, Hoover's Gap, Liberty Gap, Chiekamauga, Missionary Ridge, Ringgold (Ga.), Buzzard's Roost, Kenesaw Mountain, Noonday Creek, Atlanta (Ga.), Franklin and was at Nashville. He also took part in the pursuit of Morgan during his famous raid. His term of service was a long one and he was in Some very heavy engagements, always proving himself a brave and loyal soldier.

Returning home in 1865 Mr. Curtis bought forty-four acres of land, and immediately began clearing it off. About 1877 he sold this farm and moved to Kansas, but returned to Crawford County the following fall and bought fifty acres of land paying therefor $12.50 an acre, and for whieh he has recently refused $100 per acre. This land is his present home. Mr. Curtis married on December 28, 1865, Sarah Jane Salsbury, daughter of L. Salsbury, one of the pioneers of Crawford County. Mrs. Curtis was born and reared in Oblong Township. Her birth occurred December 12, 1846, and she died in 1894. Ten children were born of this marriage, seven of whom are deceased: Charles, Anna and Belle survive. Mr. Curtis was married July 19, 1895, to Lucy (Gaines) Clark, widow of David Clark, a farmer of Crawford County, born in this county, and a daughter of Richard Gaines, now deceased, formerly a farmer of Licking Township. Mrs. Curtis had two children by her first marriage: Ethel and Margaret. Mr. Curtis has always been a Republican, is a member of the C. A. and takes a great interest in G. A. R. Post work. His religious home is in the New Light Christian church, of which he is a trustee. He is a man of high moral character, one who has always set an example to those about him, and has faithfully discharged every duty of life in such a way as to win him universal commendation from his neighbors and friends.

CURTIS, L. B. - The prosperity of the young farmers of Crawford County is something which occasions remark, for it is seldom that the younger generation fail in agriculture, probably because the latter-day farmers are following their work scientifically and know how to raise profitably their erops, and economically feed their stock, producing better results at less eost. L. B. Curtis of Section 12, Oblong Township, is one of these, was born in the township in which he now resides, February 15, 1882, a son of L. B. Curtis, now deceased. Until he reached the age of fourteen years, Mr. Curtis attended school, but his parents dying then, he was forced to work to support himself and, as soon as he could save up enough money, he bought forty acres of land, the greater part of which was cleared. He lived upon it until the spring of 1904, when he moved to his present farm of forty acres on which oil has been discovered, and where he now has four wells in operation.

On April, 15, 1903, Mr. Curtis married Mattie Weck, born in Jasper County, Ill., and reared there on a farm. They had two children who died in infancy, Mrs. Curtis dying in 1905. 'The same year Mr. Curtis married Celia Weck, his former wife's sister, and they hive two children: Nettie Burnest and Cora Erelina, both born on the home farm. In politics Mr. Curtis is a Prohibitionist, in religious faith is a Latter Day Saint, and is highly respected in the community. Prosperous, enterprising, a good citizen and man of religious habits, Mr. Curtis is justly regarded as one of the representative young farmers of Oblong Township.

CURTIS, William A. - The agricultural and oil interests of Crawford County are in the hands of intelligent, industrious men who thoroughly understand their business and are developing the county in a manner that is almost marvelous. William A. Curtis, farmer and oil producer of Section 11, Oblong Township, is of this class, and has resided on his present farm since his birth, March 13, 1863. He is a son of Littleberry B. Curtis, now deceased, who was a pioneer of Oblong Township and a native of Illinois, his father, William Wiley Curtis being a pioneer of Oblong Township, who came here in 1838 with his four sons and three daughters, of whom L. B. Curtis was the second son. William W. Curtis settled on forty acres in the woods, which he cleared and cultivated, and in addition to being a farmer he was a preacher. L. B. Curtis attended school in the primitive log schoolhouse, and early began working for farmers at twentyfive cents a day, weaving baskets to earn a little extra. He saved his money and entered land in Oblong Township, where he settled with his bride who had been Mary J. Madox, also a native of Illinois, who was reared on a farm. Of the ten children born to them William A. was the second son and sixth child. There were three sons and seven daughters in this pioneer family, two of whom died in infancy. The sons married and settled in Oblong Township, where the mother died.

The second wife of Littleberry B. Curtis was Hannah Weck, born in Jasper County, Ill., where they were married. After her death he married Phoebe Meese, who was born in Crawford County, a daughter of Henry Meese, a farmer and cooper of the county. They had seven sons and one daughter. At one time L. B. Curtis had between 700 and 800 acres of land in Crawford County besides a section of land in Arkansas. He was a life-long Republican, and stoutly supported the candidates and principles of his party. In religious faith he was a Christian in early life, but later joined the Latter Day Saints Church.

In August, 1882, Mr. William A. Curtis married Dora E. Randolph, born in Licking Township, where she was reared, à daughter of William Randolph, one of the early settlers of that locality. Mr. and Mrs. Curtis have had children as follows: James Logan, Zona, Carrie, Mattie, May, Roy, Elsie, Olie and Esther, all born on the present farm. Mr. Curtis first rented his present farm in 1884, but later bought 51 acres, and brought it into a good state of cultivation, and in 1908 its value was materially increased by the discovery of oil, and he now has eight wells in operation. In political faith he is a Republican, and one of the enterprising, energetic tarmers and business men of this locality.

DARNOLD, Napoleon B. (deceased) - After passing through all the changes of a long and useful life, and realizing that his efforts had been rewarded with gratifying success, Napoleon B. Darnold spent the latter years of his life in retirement on his farm, Section 4, Honey Creek Township, Crawford County, and where his death occurred November 10, 1908, at the age of more than seventy-three years. Mr. Darnold was born in Carroll County, Ky., April 9, 1835, a son of Blackwell Darnold, a Kentucky farmer, who was a native of Virginia. Mr. Darnold was reared, educated and married in Kentucky, the maiden name of his wife being Sarah Jane Bartlett, who wa also born and reared in Kentucky. In 1864 Mr. Darnold came to Crawford County, and settled in Honey Creek Township, where he rented land for a period, but later bought 40 acres, of which he cleared off about 30 acres and made other improvements. To this he added until he owned 73 acres, also bought land in other parts of the township, the under cultivation. All of his land has been devoted to general farming and stock-raising, managing the farm himself until 1900 when he retired. He was always a iu politics and for many years has been a member of the Christian Church.

By his first wife, Mr. Darnold had children as follows: Lemuel B., Narada, Ida and Le Grand, all born in Honey Creek "Township, except Lemuel, who was born in Kentucky. The seeond wife of Mr. Darnold was Lizzy Parker, a cousin of George N. Parker, and daughter or George Parker, a pioneer settler of Crawford County. She was born and reared in Crawford County. sons and five daughters were born of this marriage: Carrie, Bertha, Napoleon. Ella, Linna and Ora, all born in Honey Creek Township. The third wife of Mr. Darnold, who still survives him, is a native of Crawford County, a daughter of John Haverbill and previous to her last marriage was the widow of A. C. Darnold. By her first marriage Mrs. Darnold had children as follows: Palmer, John, Otis, Cleveland, Luta, Ada, Ida, Alice, Anna and

DAUGHERTY, William Ellsworth. - The art of photography has been so much developed within the past few years that it is now possible to work miracles with the camera. Many prefer the photograph to the drawing, for it presents actual objects as they are, not as they are imagined. As the art has advanced, however, so has the skill of the photographer ; and to-day the modern photographer is an artist of no mean ability, who understands thoroughly the values of light and shadow and effective grouping, besides being considerable of a chemist. No longer is the photographer willing to print carelessly posed pictures from an untouched plate. Even when the finished photograph is delivered, it has been treated in so many ways, that to the uninitiated, it would seem almost marvelous. Among those who are successfully engaged in this line, is William Ellsworth Daugherty, of Robinson, Ill., who was born April 28, 1872, a son of Jefferson and Selina Jane (Sehoonover) Daugherty, both natives of Sullivan County, Ind., where he was born March 26, 1841, and she on January 16, 1851. Later they came to Palestine, Ill, where William Ellsworth was born.

In July, 1861, Jefferson Daugherty enlisted at Jefferson Barracks, St. Louis, Mo., in Company H, Eleventh Missouri Infantry, and was honorably discharged on January 26, 1864, on account of total blindness. He participated in the battle of Fredericksburg, the capture of Island No. 10, the Battle of Corinth, the capture of Jackson, Miss., and the Siege of Vicksburg. He was a gallant soldier, and suffered much for his country.

After receiving a high school education at Robinson, William E. Daugherty, subject of this Sketch, commenced the study of photography, and for several years conducted a studio at Robonson. On May 20, 1901, he moved to Chicago to take charge of a photograph studio at 5323 Cottage Grove Avenue. On July 13, 1902, he moved to Denver and accepted a position as staff photographer on the Rocky Mountain News. However, July 24, 1903, he returned to Robinson, where he is now located in a studio, and there enjoys an excellent patronage.

Fraternally Mr. Daugherty is a member of the A. F. & A. M. and the K. of P. A Republican in politics, he has never cared for public office. He is a member of the Christian Church. On May 11, 1893, Mr. Daugherty was married in Robinson, Ill., to Lucy Collins Thomas, born in Robinson, August 11, 1870, and they had two children: Lyman Harry. born May 29, 1894, and Ruth Estella, born June 21, 1899. Mrs. Daugherty died July 26, 1903. 'The second wife of Mr. Daugherty was Nellie Lansing, born at Troy, Ill., July 19, 1886.

Iohn T. Lindsay

of his career, Dr. Charles Ludvey Davis inherited his leaning towards his chosen calling, and early in life had an ambition to become a member of the medical fraternity. Dr. Davis was born in Robinson, March 11, 1884, and after graduating from the Robinson High School, in May, 1904, entered the medical department of the University of St. Louis, attending four years, and during his last year served as interne of the Frisco Railroad Hospital. He was graduated from the University May 22, 1908, with his degree. He was a member of the Chi Zeta Chi Medical Fraternity, and is a member of the Crawford County Medical Society. and of the Masonie order. Dr. Davis is a member of the Methodist Church with which he has been associated for sixteen years. He is interested in publie affairs, and is one of the most enterprising men of his community. As a physician and Surgeon his ability, skill and experience have given him a good practice, and he has the deserved confidence and respect of his patients.

Dr. Davis is a son of Charles Edwin Davis, who was born in New Hebron, Ill, and until 1891 farmed on his property of 160 acres, one and one-half miles north of Robinson, but in that year purchased a residence in Robinson, where he now resides. He owns some very valuable oil and gas lands, and has long been closely identified with the general improvement of Robinson. In religious faith he is a Baptist.

The grandfather of Dr. Davis was Dr. Charles Clippinger Davis, born at Carlisle, Sullivan County, Ind. January 23, 1830, a son of Dr. John W. Davis, a man of public note. He was a member of Congress, Speaker of the House, Minister to China, and held many other important positions. In 1852 he lacked but one vote of becoming nominee of his party for President, Franklin Pierce being the successful candidate.

Dr. C. C. Davis was educated at the University of Greeneastle, Ind., and at the Cincinnati (Ohio) Medical College. In 1853 he located at Robinson, where he resided with the exception of the time spent at New Hebron. He died very suddenly, his funeral services being conducted at his late residence by his pastor, Rev. Dr. Van Treese, of the Methodist Church. His remains were interred in the Palestine Cemetery, where his first wife and several children had been laid to rest many:years before. His second wife was Mrs. Sarah A. (Reinoehl) Showers, who was a daughter of John and Catherine (Johns) Reinoehl, and who was born in New Hebron, Ill., March 1, 1842, and there married to Dr. Davis, November 22, 1864. They had two children: George Wallace, who died October 7, 1886, aged eighteen months, and Mary Joy, born August 22, 1888, and died at the age of sixteen years and nine months. Mrs. Davis is living in her home in Robinson. By his first marriage Dr. Davis had two sons: Charles Edwin, of Robinson and Dr. James Davis, of Annapolis, Crawford County.

of five children born to his parents, the others being: Bonnie May, born October 7, 1886; Frank, born January 13, 1893; Esther, born August 28, 1896, and Russell, born July 29, 1902. Bonnie May is the only one who has married, and she is now the wife of Harold Watson, of Spencerville, Ohio, son of George B. Watson. The two Watsons. father and son, are in the oil business. The marriage took place October 12, 1906, in Marshall, Ill. Mr. and Mrs. Watson have one son, Raymond.

DAVIS, Verling W., attorney-at-law, Robinson, Ill., is a young man who is possessed of a thorough knowledge of the law, an eloquence that enables him to voice this knowledge with telliug force, and a personality which serves him well in the successful practice of his profession. Mr. Davis was born in Fairmount, Ind., October 4, 1877, a son of Foster and Dorinda (Rush) Davis, both natives of Fairmount. The Davis family is of Welsh extraction and the Rush of Scotch. The father served with distinction during the Civil War, in a regiment of Indiana Volunteer Infantry.

Mr. Davis received a good preliminary education at Fairmount Academy, later going to Stetson University at De Land, Fla. where he received his degree of LL. B. He studied law at the Indiana Law College, at Indianapolis, and after graduation, first located at Marion. Ind., and there began the practice of his profession. Later he came to Robinson, Ill, where he has since remained, and where he has won deserved success. In politics he is a Republican, but he has not been a seeker after political honors.

On June 30, 1904, Mr. Davis was married at Marion, Ind., to Miss Alta L. Nickle, of Warren, Pa. Two children have been born to them,- - Verling Nickle, born November 11, 1905, and Mildred, born December 18, 1906. One of the highest types of character is displayed by the legal mind. He who can carefully weigh evidence and judge accordingly, especially among neighbors and friends, is a valuable addition to any community, and it is a characteristic which appeals eventually to the people. Mr. ipis because of that power, has become an important factor in civic affairs, and is much interested in Robinson and its future. He and his wife are popular socially and their friends are almost without number.

DEAN, George Marion. - The production of oil is dividing the attention of Illinois farmers who hitherto have been content with their agricultural occupations. Since the discovery of oil in Crawford County, the industrial and commercial aspect has changed considerably, and among those who have been fortunate enough 'to discover oil on their lands is George Marion Dean, of Robinson Township, who was born one and a quarter miles east of New Hebron, Crawford County, February 9, 1869. After attending the New Hebron school in his boyhood and youth, he commenced farming on his own account upon à farm belonging to his father, John Powell Dean, consisting of 260 acres. He now owns a fine farm of 100 acres, well developed and improved with a house and barn. He has one oil well upon his property. and is intending to drill for more, He also owns an interest in a 240 acre farm in Cross County, Ark.

George Marion Dean is a son of John Powell Dean and his wife Sabrina Ann (Parker) Dean. The former was born June 19, 1838, and died March 16, 1899, while his wife was born in Crawford County, January 29, 1841, and died December 2, 1905. Both passed away in the home now owned by their son S. A. Dean. John Powell Dean enlisted in April, 1861, in General Grant's old regiment, Twenty-first Illinois Volunteer Infantry, and served three years, being mustered out in Georgia, in 1864. He was wounded in the left hand at the battle of Stone River. His record as a soldier is one of which his children may well feel proud, for he was brave and faithful.

February 9, 1890, George Marion Dean was married at the residence of Rev. Jesse Jackson, near New Hebron, to Malissa Miller, a daughter of Ezra and Lydia Miller. The children born to Mr. and Mrs. Dean are: Bertha May, who married Reuben Helvie, an oil contractor, and they live in Robinson and have one child; Dorothy, Charles, Dewey and Roy. Mrs. Dean died September 30, 1903 and is buried in Kirk Cemetery, Robinson Township. She was à member of the Christian Church, and lived out in her life the faith that animated her. A devoted wife and mother, her loss is severely felt by her family, while her neighbors miss the kindhearted, generous friend she always was to them. Mr. Dean is a Democrat and fraternally is a member of the Modern Woodmen.

DEAN, Samuel Albert. - From very small beginnings great endings often come, and in no field is this more true than in that occupied by the farmer. Many of the most prosperous Illinois farmers began their business life with practically nothing but a pair of strong hands and an active brain. To-day they are numbered among the substantial men of their community, and their families are living in comfort on the profits from their labors. Samuel Albert Dean is one of these selfmade men, born January 22, 1868, one and a quarter miles east of New Hebron, Crawford County, and there he went to the Hebron school and later to the Wilson distriet school. He commenced planting corn with a little mule and a single shovel plow when only nine years of age, and continued to work on the farm until 1901 when be began railroading as a locomotive fireman on the Illinois Central Railroad from Palestine to Effingham. He was also on the Chocta w. Oklahoma & Gulf Railroad, working out of South McAlester, I. T. He continued in this line until 1906 when he returned to the home farm of 100 acres, and is now residing on it.

Ethel Mitchell, born June 26, 1880, the ceremony being performed by Justice C. M. Sheddan at the home of W. E. Mitchell. Mr. and Mrs. Dean have three children: Marie Emma, born December 3, 1902; Harry, born November 27, 1904, and Nellie Ruth, born August 24, 1907.

Mr. Dean is a Democrat, and he belongs to the Masonic order. He owns 100 acres of the homestead, and has a pleasant home. He also owns two lots and one house in Robinson, and a half interest in 240 acres of land with his brother in Cross County, Ark. The home property has one producing oil well and a big gas well. It is a valuable property and well kept up by Mr. Dean.

The father of Samuel Albert Dean was John Powell Dean, who married Sabrina Ann Parker, a daughter of Samuel Parker, who was born in Crawford County, January 29, 1841, and died December 2, 1905, on the home farm. The family of John Powell Dean was as follows: Samuel Albert; George Marion, born February 9, 1869; an infant son who died August 4, 1870; Laura Emeline, born September 20, 1871, and who married J. C. Furman, a farmer of Robinson Town- ap: and an infant daughter who died June 1, 1874.

W. E. Mitchell, the father of Mrs. Dean, was born in Lawrence County, Ind., while his wife, Martha Dispenett, was born in Licking County, Ohio. They had the following children: Mary Irene, born February 22, 1863; twins, William Henry and Margaret Phoebe, born June 10, 1865; John A., born June 20, 1867; Jacob E., born October 14, 1869; Joseph Andrew, born in 1871; Martha Jane, born in 1873; Charles E., born September 30, 1876; Merritt Mahlon, born December 16, 1878, and Ethel, wife of Mr. Dean. By a former marriage with Maria Dispenett, Mr. Mitchell had one child, Isaac W., born October 28, 1857. Two of Mrs. Dean's brothers (William H., Joseph Andrew) are deceased, and also one of her sisters (Martha Jane). Mr. Mitchell learned the trade of bricklaying and making in 1852 and did the brickwork on many of the older houses in Robinson, including those of A. P. Woodworth, E. Callahan, A. H. Jones and S. D. Meserve, He has long been one of the foremost men of Robinson, a man with a wide outlook, successful in his business undertakings, and kind in heart and action. He is honored by his large circle of acquaintances and friends, and has done much towards advancing the development of his locality.

Mr. John Powell Dean has a fine record as a soldier. He enlisted in April, 1861, in General Grant's old regiment, the Twenty-first Illinois Volunteer Infantry, and after serving three years, was mustered out in 1864 in Georgia. Besides other engagements in which he participated was the battle of Stone River, where he was wounded in the left hand. He was a brave soldier and could look back with pleasure on the service he rendered his country. He was born June 19, 1838, and died March 16, 1899, while his wife died December 2, 1905, both passing away at the home of Samuel Albert Dean.

DEE, Harry F. - While the ranks of the Grand Army of the Republic are gradually thinning, a new order is springing up to keep green the memory of the veterans, and that is the one organized by their sons. Next to being an old soldier of the Civil War, it is the highest honor to be a son of one, and among those of Crawford County who enjoy this distinction is Harry F. Dee, a farmer and stock-raiser of Section 5, Oblong Township, and son of George T. Dee, an extended sketch of whom appears elsewhere in this work. Harry F. Dee was born in Oblong Township. and was reared and educated in that township, where he was married May 28, 1899, to Miss Clyde Buck, a daughter of J. H. Buck of Oblong Township. Mrs. Dee was educated Oblong Township and at Effingham College, and is a charming and cultivated lady.

Mr. and Mrs. Dee are the parents of the following children: Sarah Lois, born December 28, 1899; Aby, born October 17, 1902; John, born October 21, 1904, and an infant who died October 24, 1901. Mr. Dee has a portion of the old homestead which he devotes to general farming and stock-raising, and his success as a farmer and stockman is due to his industry thrift and thorough knowledge of his work. He is a member of the Sons of Veterans, and takes an active part in the work of that organization. In October, 1908, Mr. Dee moved, with his family, to the village of Oblong, which is now his home.

DEE, Orlando. - To be successful in any line of life wins commendation, but when a man achieves it by tilling the soil and making it fertile, he has accomplished much. Crawford County, has as fine a class of farmers as any locality in the Union, and among them may justly be mentioned Orlando Dee of Section 5, Oblong Township, who was born on his present farm, April 3, 1869, a son of George T. Dee, deceased. who was a farmer and old settler of Oblong Township. George T. Dee was born in Ohio, February 1, 1837, and was reared and educated in his native State. In 1860 he came to Crawford County with his father, Madison Dee, but the following year he enlisted in Company F, Fifth Illinois Cavalry, serving four years and one month. After this long and gallant service, he returned home in the latter part of 1865, and bought the present home of his son Orlando, consisting of 82 acres, all covered with timber. This he cleared and cultivated, at one time owned 229 acres and was very prosperous. George T. Dee was married in Oblong Township to Sarah McCrillis, a native of Crawford County. Their children were as follows: Rollie, an unnamed infant, Orlando, Pearl, Retta, and Harry, all born on the homestead. Here the father lived until his death, which oceurred April 13, 1901, he being then sixty-four years old. He was a member of the G. A. R., and took an active part in its affairs. In politics he was a Republican and his religious home was with the Universalist Church. He was a good man, just, earnest, aiming to live each day to

After receiving an excellent common school edueation, Orlando Dee worked with his father on the farm, and was married April 11, 1887, to Jennie Belle Brooks, who was born in Oblong Township. She is the adopted daughter of Elijah Brooks, her parents having died when she was a child. Mr. and Mrs. Dee have one son, Lester, born March 15, 1890.

Mr. Dee's homestead consists of 40 acres, on which he has made all the improvements, and has a very pleasant home and good barns and other buildings. Oil was discovered on his property in 1906, and he has three productive wells. In polities Mr. Dee is a Republican, is a man of enterprise and industry and is very much interested in local affairs. Mr. and Mrs. Dee are very hospitable, and their home is always open to their friends, as well as to the stranger who Seeks entertainment.

DEES, Stanley. - Successful as a farmer and Stock-raiser, although still a young man, prominent in township affairs and happy in his family. Stanley Dees is a good example of the farmer of to-day as he is found in Crawford County, Il. He resides on his fine farm, on Section 21, Oblong Township, where he was born January 26, 1878, a son of Daniel G. Dees (now deceased), who was a farmer of Oblong, born in Calloway County, Ky., January 16, 1839. The father of Daniel G. Dees died when the son was about seven years old, his mother having died when he was about three weeks old. After the death of his father Daniel G. went from Kentucky to Adams County, Ill., with his brother. From there he went to Hancock County, in 1860, and about 1862 moved to Crawford County and secured land in Oblong Township, which he cleared and placed under cultivation. Later he bought 160 acres, to which he moved and which he cultivated. His marriage occurred in Oblong Township, to Amilda Hill, who bore him three children. two of whom are deceased, the one living being Ella. The first Mrs. Dees died in Oblong Township in 1874, and on December 28, 1876, he married Viola Caldwell, born in Licking County, Ohio. She was three years of age when she came to Crawford County, and there she was reared to young womanhood. Mrs. Dees was a daughter of Hugh Caldwell, a farmer and school teacher of Crawford County. Three children were born of this marriage, of whom Stanley Dees was the eldest. Of the other two, a son died in infancy, and Clyde R. is a farmer of Oblong Township. were born on the homestead. Daniel C. Dees was a life-long Democrat. At one time he was a member of the Knights of Honor. His death occurred October 18, 1903, when he was sixtyfour years old.

Stanley Dees was edueated in his neighborhood school and spent one year in Austin College at Effingham, Ill. On February 27, 1900, he married Lillie Dennis, a daughter of Samuel Dennis, who was one of the old settlers of Oblong Township. Mr. and Mrs. Dees have these children: Charles Leonard, Dorothy Lois and Henry Clare, all born on the homestead. In addition to the homestead of 100 acres, Mr. Dees owns a halfinterest in 400 acres in Fayette County, and is a very successful young farmer and stock-man. In 1906 oil was discovered on his Crawford County land, and he now has twenty-four wells, all producing, and this has greatly enhanced the value of his property. He is a Democrat and a member of the Knights of Pythias.

DENNIS, John William. - When oil was discovered in Crawford County, Ill, there was a wonderful rise in the value of land in that vicinity. Experiments were made, wells were drilled, and the whole face of the county was changed. Many who had been engaged in general farming and stock-raising, found it more profitable to lease their land to oil producing companies; others conducted their own oil business, while still others continued their oil operations, but at the same time farmed.

Among those fortunate enough to develop oil on his property is John William Dennis of Robinson, Ill, who moved here in 1908, from his oil farm in the vicinity of Hardinsville, Ill. This valuable property of 160 acres contains 36 oil wells. Mr. Dennis also owns 150 acres of farm land in Robinson Township, 60 acres in Oblong Township, which have four wells, 166 acres in Greene County, Ind., and 80 acres in Richland County, Ill.

Mr. Dennis was born January 3, 1857, in Crawford County, Ill a son of George and Catherine (Bowman) Dennis, both natives of Perry County, Ohio, the former born in December, 1830, and the latter April 3, 1833. The parents first resided for a time in their native county, after which they removed to Oblong Township, Crawford County, Ill., and still later to Martin Township, where the father died. The mother is now living in Elnora, Ind. The father spent his life as a farmer.

John William Dennis was married at New Hebron, Ill, in 1882, to Amanda Prier, born in Crawford County, Ill. March 18, 1860. The children born of this marriage are: Everett, Berlie LeRoy, Harry Raymon, Alta Amelia, Earl Greyson, Gladys Dale, Arthur Harold and Willjam Edward. Mr. Dennis is a Democrat in politics. The family are members of the United Brethren Church, and are active in the same. During the winter of 1907 and 1908 the Dennis family made a trip through California, and upon their return, in April located in Robinson.

DICK, Alva Truman. - The farming interests of any community form a very important factor in the industrial activity and its influence upon outside territory. Illinois as a State is noted for its agricultural standing, and this prominence has been brought about through the industrious efforts of the men who own the broad acres of the many farms. Crawford County has a num-

The birth of Mr. Dick occurred in Howard County, Ind. March 21, 1870. He is a son of Morgan Maurice Dick, who was born August 8, 1834, in Virginia. In 1872 he came to Honey Creek Township, Crawford County, from Howard County, Ind., and bought a 120-acre farm. Later he added 140 acres to it, and there lived until his death, January 6, 1908. The maiden name of his wife was Hannah Minerva Buchanan, who was born in Ohio, September 13, 1835. and died January 24, 1895, in Honey Creek Township. Mr. and Mrs. Morgan M. Dick were the parents of the following children: Laura Alice, who died at six years of age; Arthur C., Viola V., Oliver O., Ida May, Minnie Myrtle, who died at twentysix years of age, Alva T., and Mary Josephine.

Alva T. Dick received a good district school education, and at the same time working on the farm, and has always been a farmer. On May 5, 1894, he married, at Lawrenceville, 111., Laura E. Tedford, a daughter of Seott and Mary Ann (Dunean) Tedford. Mrs. Tedford was a daughter of James Duncan and sister of A. W. Duncan, a druggist of Flat Rock. Mr. and Mrs. Dick have had children as follows: Harriet Louise, born October 20, 1895; Wilma Minerva, born June 23, 1900; Arthur Turner and Oliver Truman (twins), born August 29, 1904. In political faith Mr. Dick is a Democrat, and has served very acceptably as Township Collector. Fraternally he is a member of the order of Modern Woodmen, and the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. Mrs. Dick is a member of the Methodist Church, with which She has been connected for the past ten years. The pleasant home of the family is a substantial residence, and the premises show that a good manager is in charge. On his 115 acres Mr. Diek carries on general farming and devotes special attention to stock-raising. He is a breeder of standard bred trotting horses and, at the present time, has twenty-two head. the majority of them being registered or eligible to registration.

DICKINSON, William L. - Crawford County is the home of many men who are native sons, but their parents have come to Illinois from other States, filled with the determination to wrest a home and fortune from the new land. They bravely endured all the hardships incident to pioneer life, entered land, cleared it off with axe and plowed with a hand plow drawn by oxen. At first there would be but a few acres under cultivation, but as time progressed, more and more of the acreage would be brought under submission to the plow, and at last a comfortable homestead would result. this was accomplished only through unceasing labor and many economie sacrifices, many of which were pitiable, but in the end industry conquered and Illinois, as it is to-day, is the outcome of many just such struggles. It is difficult to realize to-day the | immensity of dangers which confronted the pioneers of the 7308.

There were practically no roads in Crawford County in those days, churches and schoolhouses were very scarce, and wild game was still very plentiful. This last proved something of a blessing to many, for if it had not been for the fact that deer. prairie chicken and all kinds of birds could be trapped or shot, many of the pioneers would have gone hungry before there was time for erops to ripen. However, through it all these excellent people never lost faith in their religion or themselves, but worked and saved, and in their old age enjoyed comfort and plenty.

William L. Dickinson, of Section 10, Montgomery Township, Crawford County, a prosperous farmer, was born in Montgomery Township, January 30, 1862, a son of George W. and Rachel (Conrad) Dickinson, and great-grandson of George Dickenson, who was born in England. The latter at the age of thirteen years ran away from home and, boarding a British man-oi-war, came to America where he fought under General Washington.

George W. Dickinson, the son of George and father of William L.. was born February 7, 1829, in Tuscarawas County, Ohio, and until he came of age, worked for his board, education and clothes, but upon attaining his majority, began to labor to secure a competency and: became a prosperous man in every respect, owing everything to his own efforts. (If William L. Dickinson is a "great-grandson of George Dickenson," who came from England, as stated in the preceding paragraph, there would seem to have been one representative of the family - viz. : - the grandfather of William L. - between the first George and George W. not mentioned in this connection.) When he first came to Crawford County in 1854, George W. worked for Governor A. C. French, then a resident of Palestine, for about two years. He then rented a farm and operated it until he purchased 160 acres in Licking Township, which was principally prairie land. On it he built a log house and lived alone until his marriage, January 28. 1857, to Rachel Conrad, daughter of Abraham and Rebecca (Willard) Conrad. His children were as follows: John W., who married Jemima Martin, daughter of Bethel Martin, a farmer, and they have one child - Dessie Olive; George J., who married Annie Fife, a daughter of William Fife, a farmer, they have these children - Maud, Lizzie, Mabel, Emma, Rebecca, George, William and Mary; Rebecca E., married Frank Seaney and they have one child - Myrtle ; William L.; Jasper N.. married Dorothy Ford, and they have two children - Beulah and Myrtle; and Charles A., who married Dessie D. Lackey, and they have three children - Jasper M., Frank E. and Macie. George W. Dickinson died August 13. 1908. His widow, who was born August S, 1838, survives, and makes her home with her son, William L. Dickinson.

William L. Dickinson was sent to the district schools of Montgomery Township, and helped his father clear off the property. He remained with his father until his marriage, on April 19, 1893, to Nellie Cooper, a daughter of Jonathan Cooper.

The latter was a farmer, but later moved to Robinson and, took charge of the High School building. when overwork caused a breakdown. Mrs. Dickenson was born in Clark County, Ill., but later resided in Robinson. Mr. Dickenson is Deacon of Liberty Baptist Church, and was formerly its Tréasurer and Sunday School Superintendent When the new church was being erected, Mr. Dickinson was on the building committee and rendered the church very valuable help. He was also treasurer of the fund contributed to build the church, and he regards the work he did in this line among the best deeds of his well-spent life. Mr. Dickinson enjoys a wide-spread popularity, and is justly numbered among the most representative men of his town- Ship.

DRAPER, W. I. (deceased). - The pioneers tn any line deserve much credit, for theirs has been the courage that forged ahead unresistingly. and prepared the way for a more advanced civilization. The names of men who founded the beginnings of places and houses in new sections are indelibly stamped upon the pages of history, and to tell of the deeds of these men is to relate the history of their localities. W. L. Draper's name is associated with the early hardware: trade of Hutsonville, Crawford County, he having been one of the early merchants of that city, and his efforts to promote good government and to secure for his community the best there was to be had, made him a prominent character.

Mr. Draper was born in Crawford County, September 22, 1827, a son of Exum Draper. The latter was born in North Carolina in 1804, and was brought to Crawford County, IlL, in 1816 by his pafents, who were among the county's earliest settlers. Upon the pioneer farm of his father, Exum Draper grew to sturdy young manhood and received a limited education in the subscription schools. He learned the trade of a-carpenter, at which he worked for a number of years. In 1846 he removed to New Orleans, where his death occurred » year later. The maiden name of his wife was Mary Wells, who was a North Carolinian, born about 1806, and died while she and her husband were on their way to New Orleans on the Mississippi River. Mr. and-Mrs. Exum Draper became the parents of four children, of whom William Draper was the eldest.

Like his father, he was reared on a farm and attended school in the primitive log schoolhouse, but was well grounded in the common branches, and all his life added to his store of information by close observation. In 1846 he went to New Orleans with his parents, and entered the employ of his brother-in-law in that city. In 1849, however, he returned to Hutsonville, and founded a mercantile house, continuing this business until 1865. In that year he sold his business and located in Terre Haute, Ind, and embarked in cotton speculation, thereby losing $40,000, and was forced into bankruptcy. However, he was not a man to allow himself to be discouraged, so returning once more to Hutsonville, in 1868, he again embarked in the mercantile business, and carried on a general store for two years, then started a hardware store which he operated until 1883, when, disposing of it, he lived retired at Hutsonville during the rest of his life. Mr. Draper worked until he discharged every cent of his indebtedness incurred through his failure, and no man was more highly respected, or had a better financial rating than he when he retired from business life.

On January 22, 1850, Mr. Draper was united in marriage with Miss Elizabeth Foster, who bore him five children, three of whom survived to maturity: Beatrice, widow of Frank Boyd; Mattie, wife of Samuel Bennett; and Henry L. Mr. Draper was very active in the Independent Order of Odd Fellows for a number of years, and was sent to represent his lodge at the Grand Lodge more than once. Politically he was a Democrat, although he never aspired to political honors.

After his retirement he and Mrs. Draper spent their winters in New Orleans and vicinity, and his death occurred at the home of his sister, Mrs. C. D. Armstrong, who resided fifteen miles south of New Orleans, January 2, 1893, his remains being brought to Hutsonville for interment. Mr. Draper will long be remembered as one of the most honorable and public-spirited men Hutsonville has ever known, and the good he accomplished and the high standard of living he steadfastly maintained cannot be overestimated.

DRY, Charles Lincoln. - Some men seem born to rise no matter what their surroundings may be nor how many discouragements may be theirs. They are able to overcome each and every obstacle manfully and courageously, and to feel that these hardships are but a part of a necessary development of the age. A man who has modestly and unobtrusively wielded a strong personal influence towards effecting what he believes is best for his community; who has earnestly fulfilled every obligation laid upon him, and from childhood tried to take advantage of every opportunity offered him to improve himself and develop the faculties which he possessed, is Charles Lincoln Dry, educator and farmer of Hutsonville Town- Ship, Crawford County.

Mr. Dry was born in Limerick Square, Montgomery County, Pa. February 6. 1868. When about a year old his parents, Daniel and Hannah (Henry) Dry, moved to Illinois, and after nearly a year's residence in Hutsonville, they moved to the farm in Hutsonville Township where Charles was reared to young manhood. His life until he was eighteen years of age was that of any ordinary, healthy country boy. He commenced attending school at the age of seven, and after reaching ten years spent about six months of each year in school, the remaining six months being devoted to helping his father on the farm.

Until he became old enough to handle the real articles, his boyish fingers manufactured playthings from wood in imitation and he believes these rude toys afforded him much more pleasure than those of costly make now given to children. Of course he had all the childish ailments, as well as the chills and fever incident to the Wabash Valley district, but emerged strong and hardy from them all, and was able to take a course of twenty months in the Northern Indiana Normal School. His father had promised him a year's instruction when he attained his majority, but through the advice of his teacher, F. M. Shaw, Mr. Dry decided to fit himself for the occupation of teaching. Going to Valparaiso, Ind., he entered upon his course and by hard work and steady application, he obtained the teacher's first grade certificate from County Superintendent F. M. Shaw, and in September, 1887, began teaching at twenty-five dollars per month for a five months' term. Out of these scanty earnings he paid back to his father the money he had borrowed, and the following year taught another five months' term at the same school at thirty dollars a month.

During 1889 and 1890, he again attended the Northern Indiana Normal School, taking up the scientific and classic courses, but his studies being interrupted by a severe attack of the grip, which left one of his eyes in bad condition. he was forced to abandon his original plan, and entered the penmanship and commercial courses, and was graduated from the latter department in May, 1890, and the former in July of the same year. Returning home he continued teaching in the public schools. During the spring of 1894 he did advanced work at the Central Normal College at Danville, Ind., and so satisfactory was his work, that he was appointed Principal of the penmanship and commercial departments of the Union Christian College at Merom, Ind., and remained there five years. While teaching there, he completed the scientific course and the major part of the classical course. In 1898 he was nominated by the Republican party for Superintendent of Public Schools for Crawford County, but was defeated by the incumbent of the office, M. N. Beeman, by a small majority. During the summmer of 1899, he was elected Principal of the Penmanship and Commercial Departments of the Ozark College, at Greenfield, Mo.. and in the fall of 1902 he took charge of the Penmanship and Commercial Departments of the Lebanon (Pa.) Business College.

In 1903 he took up the study of medicine at the Hering Medical College, Chicago, and in January, 1904, matriculated in the Hahnemann Medical College, that city, at which institution he completed the first three years of the course, but on aecount of grief over the death of his son Earl, in March, 1905, and other family matters, he decided to give up his medical studies and return to teaching and farming. During his experience as a teacher he has instructed fully 1.000 pupils, and has always won their friendship as well as their confidence and respect.

With the assistance of their father, he and his brotbers Irvin and Edwin bought a farm of 160 acres near the homestead, and, in a few years, Irvin sold his interest to the other two. In 1904 Mr. Dry also sold his interest, and in the spring of 1905, bought a farm of 120 acres from the estate of his deceased brothers, Christian and John. It took no little amount of sacrifice and economy to enable Mr. Dry to meet the interest and payments on his farm and defray the expenses of his education, and yet he managed to do it, and to take pleasure in the experience. He believes in hard work, plenty of it, and in working towards some objective point.

While he has never become a politician, Mr. Dry is a firm supporter of Republican principles, and was an earnest believer in Mr. Taft. In conjunction with a number of his neighbors he has been instrumental in forming a sanitary district of about 6000 acres of waste and overcultivated and poorly drained land in the eastern part of Crawford County, east and northeast of Palestine. While not a member of any church, he believes in encouraging their work and in living in perfect fellowship with his neighbors, and giving them the benefit of his advice and counsel.

On August 24, 1898, Mr. Dry was married near Adaville, Plymouth County, Iowa. to Isabella Alice Taylor, a teacher of Plymouth County for a number of years and a lady of many accomplishments. Five children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Dry: Ruth, born December 16, 1900; Earl, born June 28, 1902, died March 8, 1905; Edna, born January 12, 1904; Hannah, born May 28, 1905; and Leonard, born May 8, 1907.