Crawford County, Illinois - Chapter with an unread heading (no. 17 of those read), 1909 (part 8 of 11)

George Parker attended the early log schoolhouse of the Township, and worked hard assisting his father in clearing the land he had entered from the government. Remaining at home until his marriage, he then entered land from the government for himself, starting with 25 cents. This he cleared and improved, and then added toit. He gave each of his sons 80 acres and his daughters 40 acres. He and his sons did an immense amount of work developing these different pieces of property. George Parker married Mary Henry. born in middle Tennessee, where she was reared. A family of five sons and five daughters were born to them, namely: William (deceased), Eliza Jane (deceased), John, Henry (deceased), Julia Ann (deceased), Sarah Ann, Anna (deceased), Washington, Lafayette, Barbara (deceased) - all born in Honey Creek Township, and all having been married. George Parker was a Democrat, a member of the Grange, and

Washington Parker was given all the educational advantages Honey Creek Township af- . forded, although the only school was held in a log house, with all the primitive conditions. He was twenty-six before he left home, and so did more than his share of work in helping his father clear the home place. In February, 1878, he married Sarah Ann Weger, who was born in Honey Creek Township. She is the daughter of William Weger, deceased, one of the pioneers of Honey Creek Township. Mrs. Parker also acquired her education in the log schoolhouse. The following children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Parker: Everett E., Maggie Olivia, Charles Grover, Daisy Ellen, Tura Gladys, Chester Leroy and Agnes Lurena - all born in the township.

About five years after marriage. Mr. Parker located on his present farm, which then consisted of 90 acres. This he developed and improved, adding'to it 100 acres, and on it devotes his attention to general farming and stock-raising. A Democrat in polities, he has been active in loeal affairs, and has held the office of Constable, He has been a member of the Grange and he and his wife belong to the Missionary Baptist Church.

PARKER, William (deceased). - The late William Parker was one of the successful farmers and stock-raisers of Honey Creek Township, Crawford County, of which he is a native. During his useful life he built up for himself a lasting reputation as a man of unblemished character, honorable in all business transactions. He was imbued with that generous publie spirit, always ready to assist in whatever is calculated to promote the welfare of the community. Mr. Parker was born on Section 13, Honey Creek Township, February 15, 1841, a son of John Parker, a pioneer of Crawford County and a native of Ohio. John Parker was brought to Crawford County when a boy by his parents, Samuel and Polly (Newman) Parker, a sketch of whom appears elsewhere in this book. At an early date John Parker entered and settled on land in Honey Creek Township which he cleared and placed under cultivation.

William Parker was educated in the primitive Schools of the township, and worked on the farm until he was twenty-two years old. On April 2, 1865, he married Elizabeth Allison, the daughter of Alfred Harrison Allison and Susan Ann (Highsmith) Allison. Ezra Allison, father of Alfred Harrison, came to Crawford County with his son, and they were very early pioneers of the county. One of the brothers of Alfred Harrison Allison was killed by the Indians after the family settled in Crawford County. Mrs. Parker was reared and edueated in Lawrence County. Mr. Allison was one of those who helped to clear the county of Indians, and the old Fort Allison was named after him. Later he moved to Lawrence County, but returned to Crawford County, and still later went to Coles County. Again he re- turned to Crawford County, but liking Lawrence County better, he went back there, and there died, January 25, 1858, his wife dying August 4, 1881. He spent his life as a farmer and cleared a great deal of land. Mrs. Parker is the sixth child in the family of ten children born to her parents, one of whom died in infancy. The four sons and six daughters were born in Crawford, Lawrence and Coles Counties. Mr. Allison was a stanch Republican from the formation of the party.

After their marriage Mr. and Mrs. Parker moved to Honey Creek Township, where they located on 120 acres of land, about ninety acres of which Mr. Parker cleared. In September, 1885, they moved to their present farm, which they had purchased, and at the time of his death Mr. Parker owned 320 acres. of this was in Honey Creek Township, and of this he cleared about 120 acres. He carried on farming and stock-raising until his demise, and was recognized as one of the successful farmers in this part of the country. All of the improvements on his land were made by him. In politics he was a Democrat. Mr. and Mrs. Parker had a family as follows: Harrison, Viola F., Martha J., John (deceased), George Washington (deceased), Henry (deceased), Albert (deceased), Mary Ann (deceased), Carl Carlton, Grover C., and an unnamed infant. On November 28, 1903, Mr. Parker passed away, and his remains were interred in Good Hope Cemetery. The funeral services were conducted by the Rev. Daniel Clements, and the community attended in large numbers to pay honor to his memory.

PATTON, Mrs. E. A. (deceased), was born in Palestine, Ill, December 6, 1817, a daughter of William Wilson, one of the pioneers and the first Postmaster of Palestine, born April 4, 1790, and died February 12, 1850. He was a member of the Legislature and a very prominent man. He married Miss E. Kitchell, and they had fifteen children, Mrs. Patton being the eldest. Mrs. Patton married December 31, 1835, Dr. E. L. Patton, born November 31, 1809, in Tennessee. Dr. Patton was educated in Washington College, Tenn. and followed the practice of medicine in Palestine until his demise, which occurred December 30, 1862. Dr. and Mrs. Patton had twelve children, many of whom became prominent in various lines of business and professions. Mrs. Patton was a very active worker in the Presbyterian Church, and she lived in the comfortable residence in Palestine built by Dr. Patton. Mrs. Patton will long be remembered as a worthy, devout, Christian lady, a good neighbor and kind friend.

PAULL, Findley (deceased), who was connected with the mercantile life of Palestine in its earlier days, was born in Fayette County, Pa., February 26, 1809, a son of James, born in 1781, in Fayette County, Pa., where he died in June, 1856, having been a farmer and iron manufacturer, and one of the most successful men of his locality. He was married three times and became the father of fourteen children, Findley being the eldest. The mother of Findley bore the maiden name of Hannah Jackson. 'The grandfathers and greatgrandfathers of Findley Paull were in the Revolution. Findley Paull attended school in Fayette County, Pa., and when fifteen years old commenced clerking in Wheeling, W. Va., for his uncle and in 1835, with his uncle opened a general store in Palestine, Ill. Five years later he purchased his uncle's interest, and continued the business alone, becoming very successful. In time he retired from active life and lived in Palestine. In 1835 he married in Wheeling, W. Va., Ann M. Bayless, who was born in 1811 and died in Palestine in 1877, having borne her husband seven children. Mr. Paull married again, June 15, 1880, Mrs. E. Gorman, widow of Dr. C. Gorman. For many years Mr. Paull was an elder in the Presbyterian Church, was an ardent Republican, and interested in prohibition and an aetive worker in the temperance cause.

PEARCE, L. B. (deceased), was born September 18, 1810, in Champaign County, Ohio, a son of John and Elizabeth (Stewart) Pearce, natives of New York and Maryland. John Pearce was a soldier in the War of 1812, and he and his wife were members of the Methodist Church. Of a family of pioneers of Indiana, L. B. Pearce, who was one of eight children, secured a very meager education in the subscription schools of that period. Before becoming a farmer, he engaged in constructing some saw and grist mills on the present site of Logansport, Ind., for the Pottawatomie Indians, under the supervision of Gen. Tipton. After this Mr. Pearce began farming in Fountain County, Ind., and two years later bought land in Warren County, Ind. In three years he moved to Kankakee Marsh, near Lake Michigan, in Indiana, but soon sold and went to Benton County, Ind. For some time he was in a dry-goods business at Independence, Ind., but in 1851 came to La Motte Prairie, Crawford County, Ill., and subsequently was a dry-goods merchant at Hutsonville under the firm name of Pearce & Neely. In three years he sold out, and once more became a farmer. Later he again entered mercantile life in Hutsonville, and in 1861 secured a contract to transport soldiers from Sumner, a point on the Ohio & Mississippi Railroad, at the close of the war buying a farm. He settled in Hutsonville in 1863, and for many years lived there retired. In 1830 he married Anna Hurley, daughter of Zadock and Lillus (Campbell) Hurley, natives of Maryland and South Carolina, who died in Warren County, Ind. the parents of eleven children. Zadock Hurley was also a soldier in the War of 1812, and he and his wife were Methodists, as was Mrs. Pearce, although Mr. Pearce was a Universalist. Mr. and Mrs. Pearce had eight children. He was a Republiean, and held some of the offices of his township, and always took an active interest in temperance matters.

aboriginal inhabitant, the strongest types of manhood and womanhood were evolved and traits of character were handed down to the present generation. The Perrine family has been prominent in the pioneer history of this country for many years, especially in Ohio, Indiana and Illinois, in fact, representatives of the name may be found in many other States. James Perrine, a farmer and stock-raiser on Section 35, Oblong Township, Crawford County, was born in Franklin County, Ind., June 8, 1844, a son of James Perrine, also a farmer and stock-raiser, now deceased, who was born in Ohio, where he was reared and educated. In Ohio, he married Matilda Miller, who was born in Virginia, but reared in the Buckeye State. After their marriage, Mr. and Mrs. James Perrine, Sr., moved to Indiana, locating in Franklin County, but in 1858 they made another change, and settled near Robinson, Crawford County, where the father rented property unti] he bought twenty acres in Oblong Township, and having cleared off this property, lived upon it until his death, which occurred when he was eighty-eight years old. Of his five children, James Perrine was the fourth. One son, David, died during the Civil War while in service in the Fifth Illinois Cavalry. In polities the elder James was a Democrat, was very prominent in local affairs and widely and favorably known.

James Perrine, the younger, was reared and educated in Indiana and Illinois. In 1869 he married. Katherine Perrine, who bore him one son, Lesfey, and died February 15, 1888, aged fortysix years and two days. On July 14. 1889, Mr. Perrine married Alice Melissa Perkins, daughter of Ute Perkins, born in Clinton County, Ind., and came to Crawford County to keep house for her uncle, with whom she lived until her marriage. Her father was a soldier in the Civil War. Mr. and Mrs. Perrine have two sons - James Ute, a druggist, and Andrew Franklin, both of whom were born on the home place. 'This homestead, when originally purchased by Mr. Perrine, consisted of only fifteen acres, but he kept adding to it until he now owns 103 acres of well improved land that is yielding him a handsome income. In polities he is a Democrat, and in religious affiliations he and wife are members of the United Brethren Church. He is industrious, thrifty and enterprising, and the success which has attended his efforts is certainly well merited.

PICKERING, William. - If the recollections of the veterans of the Civil War could be compiled in one volume, the country would have a history of that conflict which would prove not only very interesting but highly instructive. While these veterans are honored and respected, too little attention has been paid to their standpoint relative to the stirring occurrences of the early '60s. Unfortunately, space forbids any lengthy description in this article, although the account given by William Pickering of some of the engagements in which he participated ought to be placed on record. William Pickering was born

James Pickering was a native of Rockingham County, Va. where he lived until ten years of age, when his father, Jacob Pickering, removed with his family to Fairfield County, Ohio, there purchasing a farm. Jacob Pickering and his wife, Hannah, had these children: James; John Jackson, Jacob Hampton, Harrison, Catherine, Grace and Elizabeth. James Pickering started out to make his own way in the world at the age of twenty years, renting a farm of eighty acres, to which he kept adding until he had 200 acres. Shortly after his marriage he lived with his father, helping him to clear the timber and brush from his farm, on which was a hewed log house of one room, 18x20 feet, to which James Perrine afterwards added a frame addition. At the age of twenty-two years, Mr. Pickering was married to Catherine Smith, and they became the parents of nine children: Jacob Hamilton, Hannah, Amanda, William, Phillips, James, John Harrison, Mathia Smith and Catherine.

William Pickering remained on the home farm until he was twenty-one years of age, his education being received in the Swamp Schoolhouse, and later in the new Oak Schoolhouse, which had been built to take the place of the Swamp school. When about twenty-one years of age, Mr. Pickering enlisted at Columbus, Ohio, for service in the Union army, becoming a member of the Tenth Cavalry, under command of Col. Sanders and Capt. Morgan. His regiment was first ordered to Atlanta, and later to Marietta, Ga., where Mr. Pickering was placed on picket duty on the day of arrival. The regiment remained at the latter place for a month and was then ordered to join Sherman in his famous March to the Sea. At the memorable battle of Macon, Ga., Mr. Pickering's regiment was ordered to make an attempt to capture the Confederate breastworks. The attempt was a gallant one, but failed owing to the prompt reenforcement of Confederates. The Union soldiers, being compelled to retreat, retired to a creek which had high banks, and here they remained while the shot and shell ofthe artilleries of both armies buzzed over their heads from opposite sides of the creek. After the battle of Macon, the regiment went to Ander- Sonville, the trip taking three days and three nights, and the only sleep the soldiers got was in the saddle, or while the horses were feeding. At the close of the war, Mr. Pickering was at Greensburg, N. C., whence he went to Salem, N. C. and was there discharged. The regiment was then sent to Columbus, Ohio, where it was mustered out, the one-year men, of whom Mr. Pickering was one, being the first to be sent home. William Pickering has the record of a brave Soldier, of which any veteran might well be proud.

After the war Mr. Pickering returned to Fairfield County, Ohio, and for a time worked out by the month at farming. For one year after his marriage he rented a farm, coming to Licking Township, Crawford County, IlL, on a visit to the Price family who were old friends of his family. Here, with his army pay which he had carefully saved and some money which he had received from the sale of some stock, he purchased sixty-two acres of farming land in 'Section 2, on which he did not locate, however, until one year later, owing to the fact that a family was residing there. On this place was a log cabin in which Mr. Pickering and his family lived for ten years, and to which he has added from time to time until it became the substantial home it is to-day. Only ten acres of his land had been cleared, but he now has it all under cultivation and in excellent condition.

On December 5, 1869, Mr. Pickering was married by Rev. George Helperman to Hannah Matz, daughter of Jacob and Hannah (Lupt) Matz, who was born in Pennsylvania, and was brought by her parents to Wayne County, Ohio. Three children have been born to them: Edwin Leo, born April 16, 1875, who died June 24, 1880; EInora C., born June 29, 1881, died October 24, 1908; and Brady C., born January 9, 1886.

Mr. Pickering is an independent voter, and has Served three years as School Director. He and his wife are members of the Missionary Baptist Church. His war record entitles him to membership in Joseph Shaw Post, G. A. R. at Annapolis, of which he is a popular comrade.

PITTINGER, Charles William. - The discovery of oil in Crawford County within recent years has completely- revolutionized values in this locality. increasing its commercial and industrial activity, and bringing into existence new corporations, and developing many private business possibilities. Charles William Pittinger, one of the large oil men of Robinson, IlL, was born at Carlton, Mercer County, Pa., February 25, 1876, a son of John Fisherman and Amelia Ann (Shilling) Pittinger, the former born at Sharon, Pa., April 17, 1839, and the latter from Shaw's Landing, Pa. She was descended from the family of Henry Wolf, a descendant of General Wolf of Quebec fame. James Shilling, a brother of Mrs. J. F. Pittinger, died in Andersonville prison during the Civil War, and her father served through the entire struggle, a member of the Third Pennsylvania 'Heavy Artillery. His brother, Nicholas Pittinger, was killed at the second battle of Bull Run.

The boyhood of Charles William Pittinger was well filled with schopl and farm duties. Until ten years of age, he lived at Carlton, when the family moved io Shaw's Landing, near Meadville, Crawford County, Pa.. where they remained three years. The lad then returned to Carlton, and remained there until he attained to his majority, attending school, and working on the farm. At school he was a very apt pupil, and seemed to be a born leader, organizing and directing all the exercises, the spelling matches and the singing sehools. He was specially fond of hunting and Skating and played ball whenever he found an opportunity. Developing a desire for more studles, he attended Bryant, Stratton & Smith's Business College at Meadville, Pa., where as president of his class he graduated with high honors 1892. He then went to Volant College at Volant, Pa., where again as president of his class he graduated in 1898. He then attended Grove City College. Grove City, Pa., a number of terms, and taught there as Principal of the Business Department. From this institution he received the degree of B. S., and also taught in the publie schools there for three years. This position was a difficult one, because for years the boys were belligerent, and no teacher could control them, until Mr. Pittinger was placed in charge. He knew how to master the boys and to win their confidence and respect, and when after three years he left for wider fields, these same boys joined with the board and people of the community in urging him. to remain. He then went to Kennerdell, Pa., to enter the employ of H. T. Newmaker & Son, whom' he served falthfully as bookkeeper and business manager for two years. At the expiration of these two years, he entered the oil field as bookkeeper for Mr. Pew of Pittsburg, and three years later was promoted to the management of the branch office at Marcus Hook, eighteen miles south of Philadelphia. He remained there three years more, until November, 1906, when he came to Robin- Son to take charge of the Sun Company, a progressive oil corporation, where he has since remained.

July 21, 1897, Mr. Pittinger was married at Robinson's Mills, Wetzel County, W. Va., to Mary L. Dunkle, daughter of W. S. and Margaret Dunkle, both of Pennsylvania-Dutch stock. The mother is dead, but the father still survives. One child has been born to Mr. and Mrs. Pittinger, Margaret Amelia, born May 11, 1905.

Mr. Pittinger is a prominent Mason, belonging to Pittsburg Lodge No. 484, to Chester Chapter No. 258, and Chester Commandery No. 66. He is a Presbyterian, and not only was prominent in church work in Chester, Pa., but also in the First Presbyterian Church of Robinson, Ill., one of the largest churches of Crawford County, and has been elder in each. He also held the position of Superintendent of the Sunday School at Chester and Robinson, and was one of the men to-organize the Union Sabbath Association at Robinson. The Pittinger home on West Walnut Street, Robinson, is one of the most delightful in the city. Mr. Pittinger is a man who has never sought influence or advancement politically, but is happiest when his business duties are discharged, to work for his church and for the good of humanity.

POSTLEWAITE, Alva Stiles - The blood that flowed in the veins of the French Huguenots has been transmitted to some of the very best of our American people of to-day. Driven from their native land by religious persecution, they Sought refuge in a country where they would be free to work out their own destiny, and worship according to the dictates of their own conscience. The Postlewaite family dates back to a French Huguenot by that name, who came to this country with a number of others in the seventeenth century. Alva Stiles Postlewaite, of La Motte

Township, Crawford County, is also descended from an illustrious family which dates back to the grandmother of Joel Ferree, who was the father of the grandmother of Alva Stiles Postlewaite. She was a widow who fled from France to Germany and came to America on the same ship as William Penn. She had made the acquaintance of William Penn in Germany and was introduced by him to Queen Anne of Germany, who kept her in her train during the six months she was in that country. The widow was given a grant of land by William Penn of 1,000 acres in Laneaster County, Pa. Her descendants lived in Lancaster County for several generations but later removed to Sullivan County, Ind.

Alva Stiles Postlewaite was born in Montgomery Township, Crawford County, Ill, February 25, 1862, a son of James Leath and Amanda J. (Stiles) Postlewaite, the former born in Sullivan County, Ind., May 21, 1821, and the latter in Montgomery Township, Crawford County. She was a daughter of Alva and Hannah (Brown) Stiles, both from New York State. The parents were married October 25, 1860, and they had the following children: Alva Stiles; Mary M., born November 1, 1864; James J., born December 21, 1861; Electa ANS 'born November 19, 1870; and twins, George W. F. and Martha G. F. born December 12, 1873. By a former marriage, James L. Postlewaite had two children, Rachel Jane, born April 18, 1857, and John William, born February 8, 1860. His first marriage occurred October 12, 1854, to Mary Edgington, daughter of William Edgington of Montgomery Township.

James L. Postlewaite came to Montgomery Township, Crawford County, in 1852, from Sullivan County, Ind. For a number of years he taught school in the township, and for sixteen years was Justice of the Peace. His father, Isaac Postlewaite, was born in Lancaster, Pa. When a boy he went to West Virginia, from there to Kentucky, and then to Sullivan County, Ind., where he married Anna Ferree, a daughter of Joel Ferree, and born in that county. Isaac Postlewaite died October 3, 1857, and his wife died November 3d, of the same year, both passing away in Sullivan County, Ind. James L. Postlewaite died January 12, 1891, in Montgomery Township, Crawford County.

Alva Stiles Postlewaite attended the district school until he was twenty-one, and at the same time assisted his father on the farm. On February 27, 1883, he was married in La Motte Township, by the Rev. Massey, the Methodist clergyman of the township, to Sarah E. Fulling, a daughter of Henry Fulling, Sr., and Samina (MeColpin) Fulling. Mr. and Mrs. Postlewaite have had the following children: Edith M., born March 12, 1884, married H. E. Richards, son of James Richards of Palestine, and they have these children, - Claude Eugene, born September 18, 1905, Paul Ethelbert, born August 31, 1907, an infant daughter born October 1908, and they live in Palestine; Henry Leath, born August 25, 1891, and a son and daughter who died in infancy. |

Mrs. Postlewaite was the third of six children, four of whom are living: John; Mary, wife of Alonzo Wesner; Mrs. Postlewaite, and Henry; Annie and Fannie (twins), who are deceased. Her father, Henry Fulling, came from Germany to the United States in 1840, when sixteen years old, first locating at Terre Haute, Ind. whence he removed to Palestine, Crawford County. In 1849 he married Samina Mc- Colpin. who was born Crawford County, August 24, 1826, her parerts being among the earliest settlers of Crawford County. Mrs. Fulling died February 5, 1905, but Mr. Fulling is still living in La Motte Township, aged eighty-four years. He has always pursued the occupation of farming, in which he has been very successful. He has about 600 acres in his own name and a third interest in the property of his sons.

Mr. Postlewaite's farm of 120 acres, situated on Section 17; La Motte Township, is known as the "Richwood Farm," and he makes a specialty of raising Percheron registered horses, hogs and Shropshire sheep. feeding sometimes as many as 100 sheep. Besides this he owns 80 acres in Montgomery Township. He has been breeding horses for the past twenty-five years and ships to Eastern markets. In politics he is a Democrat, and fraternally belongs to the Knights of Pythias and Modern Woodmen. Since he was Seventeen, Mr. Postlewaite has been a member of the Christian Church, and his wife has belonged to it for the past thirteen years.

PRICE, Cyrus Edgar, M. D. - Possessed of that subtle something that goes so far towards making the man of medicine a friend as well as a doctor, Cyrus Edgar Price, M. D., of Robinson, Crawford County, is a man widely and favorably known. He was born in Westfield, Clark County, Ill., July 26, 1869, a son of James C. and Sarah J. (Smith) Price. James C. Price was also a physician, born in Kentucky, while the mother was a daughter of Robert Smith of Palestine, IH. Dr. Price, Sr. served in Company K, One Hundred and Thirtieth Illinois Volunteer Infantry, during the Civil War, and there contracted a disability which resulted in his death when the son, Cyrus Edgar, was but eighteen months old. In 1877 his mother married Dr. C. Barlow of Robinson, and the boy was reared by his step-father whom he loved very tenderly.

Naturally the lad's mind was turned toward the medical profession, and after he completed a common school course, he entered Eureka College at Eureka, Ill., and after finishing his course there, went to Chicago and entered Rush Medical College, from which he was graduated in the spring of 1893. Beginning the practice of his profession at Eaton, Crawford County, he remained there fourteen years, and was very successful, but grew to feel that, although he had many friends and a good practice, he needed a wider field. So in July, 1908, he removed to Robinson, where he is meeting with success. Dr. Price is a member of the Crawford County ' Medical Society, the Illinois State Medical Association, the American Medical Association and the Æsculapian Medical Society of the Wabash Valley. He is a Mason, having become a member two years ago. His religious affiliations are with the Christian Church, which he joined eight years ago. In polities he is a Democrat.

Dr. Price was married October 12, 1895, at Streator, Ill., to Harriet J. Galloway, who was born at Chenoa, IlL, a daughter of David and America Galloway, pioneer settlers of Streator. She had graduated from the high school of Streator, and had been a teacher in the public schools for six years prior to her marriage. The following children have been born to Dr. and Mrs. Price: Harold Edgar, born July 20, 1896; Helen Marjorie, born September 15, 1898; Robert Smith, born May 20. 1902; Charles Donald, born May 10, 1904, and Harriet Virginia, born April 20, 1907. Dr. Price is becoming as popular in Robinson as he was at Eaton, and his wife is gathering around her a charming circle of friends, so that the Price home is a center of delightful hospitality.

PRICE, Thomas L., a man who has occupied positions of responsibility and trust in Robinson, Ill., was born in Crawford County, Ill, May 1, 1850, a son ef James D. and Mary E. (Smith) Price, was brought up on a farm and educated, first, in the common schools, later attending Westfield College for seven months and the Indiana State Normal School at Terre Haute for three years. After graduating from the latter in 1873, for five years he was engaged in teaching and was then appointed Deputy County Clerk under Mr. Reavill. He occupied this office only one year, when he bought an interest in the "Constitution" newspaper. In August of the following year he sold this interest, and was appointed to fill out for the remainder of the year the vacancy in the County Clerk's office caused by the death of Mr. Reavill, being duly elected County Clerk in November following. In 1882 he was again elected to the same office. Mr. Price married December 17, 1879, in Palestine, Ill., Fannie B. Haskett, born in Crawford County, November 19, 1859, and two children were born to them: Ralph W. and Harry H. Mr. Price is a member of Robinson Lodge, No. 250, A. F. & A. M., and of Crawford Lodge I. O. O. F. The father of Thomas L. Price, James D., was born in Calloway County, Ky., in 1806, but moved to Ilinois in 1829, settling first in Palestine, but later locating northwest of Robinson, where he died November 22, 1873. His first wife was a Miss Caldwell, while his second wife was Mrs. Mary E. Smith, wesw of Guy W. Smith, an early settler of Crawford County, born March 13, 1821. There were two children by the first marriage, and eight by the second.

PURCELL, John William, whose excellent tract of 140 acres of farming land is situated in Section 30, Honey Creek Township, Crawford County, IL, is not only an energetic enterprising agriculturist, but has taken a prominent part in township affairs. Mr. Purcell was born September 12, 1857, in Lawrence County, Ill, a son of William J. Purcell, who came to Crawford County, IlL, from Sullivan County, Ind., his father having entered some government land which he cleared from the wilderness. He attended the publie schools of this locality, and was married in Lawrence County to Elizabeth Shelton, a native of that county. Two sons were born of this union: John William and James Jefferson, the latter of whom is deceased. Some time after his márriage, William J. Purcell returned to Crawford County, where he rented land for a time, and purchased several small tracts. In addition to farming for some years, he operated a grist and saw-mill in Lawrence County. As a soldier during the Civil War he served bravely and faithfully for about one year. and afterwards became a member of the Grand Army of the Republic, In politieal matters he was a life-long Democrat. His death occurred in 1902, his wife having died in 1860.

John William Purcell attended the public Schools of Honey Creek Township, and, until his marriage in 1879, assisted his father on the home place. For some time after his marriage he moved from one place to another in search of a suitable location, and in 1889 purchased his present place, starting with 40 acres, but has Since increased his holdings to 140 acres of very desirable land. He has made many improvements on his place, carries on general farming and stock-raising, and in addition has operated a saw-mill and threshing machine from Vincennes to Palestine and throughout the surrounding country. In political matters he is a Democrat, on that party's ticket was elected to the office of Justice of the Peace and is now serving his Second term, besides being a member of the School Board. Prior to adopting his present views, however, Mr. Purcell was a Republican, and while a member of that party served one term as Highway Commissioner. He is a member of the Woodmen at Hardinville, No. 4697, and his religious associations are with the Christian Church,

In 1879 Mr. Purcell was married to Samantha A. VanWinkle, born in Honey Creek Township, the second child of William L. VanWinkle, a sketch of whose life will be found on another page of this work. Seven children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Purcell, namely: Fred M.. James Arthur, Grace, Fannie, Mary, and two who died in infancy - all born in Honey Creek Township.

RAFFERTY, Theodore Newell, M. D. - None of the learned professions require so much preparation, or such exhaustive study afterwards, as that of medicine. The physician of today must needs be not only intelligent, well-educated, skillful, well-trained, possessing wide experience and profound knowledge, but he must keep on studying to breast the advance in scientific discoveries. Dr. Theodore Newell Rafferty is one of the successful physicians of Crawford County, pleasantly located at Robinson, where he has resided since 1883. He was born in Springville, Lawrence County, Ind., January 12, 1846, a son of Mitchell Crooke and Mary Shore (Benedict)

Dr. Rafferty attended the common schools, the Indiana University at Bloomington, and then clerked for his father who was a merchant. Later he taught school for three years. In 1867 he entered the medical department of the University of Michigan, and from there went to the Ohio Medieal College at Cincinnati, from which he was graduated in the Class of 1869. Immediately thereafter, Dr. Rafferty located at Palestine, Ill., and there continued until 1883, when he settled in Robinson, and has remained there in active practice ever since, Dr. Rafferty belongs to the following medical societies: Crawford Medical Society, the ZEseulapian Medical Society of the Wabash Valley, the Illinois State Medical Society and the American Medical Association. Fraternally he is a member of the Knights of Honor, the Modern Woodmen of America and Knights of Pythias. In politics he is a Republican, but has never accepted publie office.

On October 7, 1872, Dr. Rafferty was married in Palestine to Sadie E. Donnell, born in Palestine Mareh 12, 1849, daughter of Dennis and Eliza (Netherton) Donnell. Mr. Donnell was one of the pioneers of Crawford County. Dr. and Mrs. Rafferty have had children as follows: Pearl R., born December 8, 1873; Herbert N., born September 18, 1878, in partnership with his father and a very popular young physician; Glenn A., born February 28, 1880, is a dentist of Robinson.

RAINS, LaFayette (deceased), formerly a farmer and stockman of Hutsonville Township, was born in Crawford County, September 26, 1833, son of Ambrose B. and Charlotte (Cox) Rains. When seventeen, after a boyhood spent on the farm, LaFayette Rains went to California, but after sixteen months he returned home and began farming, buying a farm of 80 acres in 1854. In 1858 he sold this farm and bought 80 acres where he resided for many years, in time becoming the owner of 546 acres, which was well stocked and provided with a large residence and barn. In 1872 he began raising stock, and made a specialty of that business. In January, 1856, he married Nancy Cox, a native of Crawford County, and daughter of Thomas and Deborah Cox. Mr. and Mrs. Rains became the parents of four children: John C., Martha, Mary A. and Emily. Both Mr. Rains and his wife belonged to the Baptist Church, while fraternally he was a Mason and in politics was a Republican.

RANDOLPH, Levi Holliday. - In every community in Crawford County there are some men who have attained prominence above the ordinary class in nearly every line of business life. Among those who are worthy of notice among the prosperous farmers of this county is Levi Holliday Randolph, of Robinson Township, who was born in Perry County, Ohio, December 10, 1868, a son of William and Nancy (Reinhardt) Randolph.

William Randolph and wife had children as follows: Hannah Theresa, born in Perry County, Ohio, January 5, 1851, married Andrew Stantz, a farmer of Crawford County, Ill., November 14, 1872, and they have two sons and five daughters; Thomas Creighton, born in Perry County, Ohio, July 6, 1854, and married Catherine Headley, who died in 1885, leaving four children, after which he married Sarah Dart, daughter of Chauncey and Amanda Dart, and they have six daughters and twin sons. But only of four of the girls are living; Laura Estella, born in Perry County, Ohio, February 3, 1859, married William A. Alexander, June 29, 1879, and they had two daughters living and one deceased; Vastie, born in Perry County, Ohio, October '18, 1861, married Dorsey G. Walters, September 28, 1879, and they live at Oblong, Ill., and have three daughters and four sons: Clara, born in Ohio, March 1, 1863, married Wallace Eaton, October 8, 1883, and he died in the summer of 1908, leaving three daughters and five sons; William Howard, born June 24, 1866, married Cora Price, July 8, 1889. and they have two sons and two daughters; and Levi H., the subject of this sketch.

Levi Holliday Randolph attended the Grassy Distriet School during the winter until he was twenty-one, and engaged in farming during the summer months. On September 4, 1890, Mr. Randolph was married in Robinson Township by the Rev. Fields, pastor of the Methodist Church, to Amanda Jane Sankey, daughter of Morton and Mary (Beam) Sankey. Mrs. Randolph was born in Sullivan County, Ind., November 12, 1867. Mr. Morton Sankey was a farmer of Sullivan County, Ind. Mr. and Mrs. Randolph have a son, Carlton Oriel, born January 18, 1902. In polities Mr. Randolp is a Republican, and has been a member of the Methodist Church for about nine years, while his wife joined the same church Some sixteen years ago, prior to that time being a member of the Union Baptist Church, which she joined at the age of seventeen. Mr. Randolph owns 64 acres of excellent farming land, and has a commodious residence of nine rooms. There are nine oil producing wells on his property, and he is preparing to drill for more.

Mr. Morton Sankey, the father of Mrs. Randolph was born August 1, 1837, in Sullivan County, Ind. while his wife was born near Springfield, Ill. May 1, 1844. Mr. Sankey died at Terre Haute, Ind., November 3, 1894, and his wife in what is now Prairie Township, Crawford County, July 18, 1885. For some years Mr. Sankey was employed in the construction of Merom College at Merom, Ind. He and his wife had the following named children: Sarah Amelia, born October 17, 1864, died in 1866; Mary Frances, born March 25, 1866, married Enoch Balyem, died in August 1902, leaving three sons and two daughters; Mrs. Randolph; Wiliam Thomas, born February 28, 1871, married Anna Myers of Iowa, and they have two Sons and one daughter and live in Longmont, near Denver, Col; John Lewis, born March 7,

1874, married Carrie Knowles of Fort Lupton, Col.; Jesse Morton, born April 1, 1880, is unmarried and lives in Oklahoma. Jesse was a soldier in the Spanish-American War, enlisting at Terre Haute, Ind. in the Thirty-seventh Regiment, Company M, U. S. Volunteers, in the year 1900, and arrived at Manila, P. I., November 6, of that year, serving two years.

RANDOLPH, William Howard. - The Randolph family is well represented in Crawford County by men of intelligence and prosperity engaged in several lines of business, although the majority of them are associated with farming and oil interests. They are men of integrity and strictest probity, who have attained their present positions through industry, thrift and perseverance. William Howard Randolgh is one of the members of this family, who is the owner of a fine farm of 80 acres on Section 14, in Oblong Town- Ship. He was born in Perry County, Ohio, June 24, 1866, a son of William and Nancy (Rinehart) Randolph, both now deceased. William Randolph, also a native of Perry County, Ohio, born October 28, 1827, died in Crawford County, Ill., December 25, 1899, aged seventy-two years, two months and seventeen days.

On Mareh 14, 1850, William Randolph married Nancy Rinehart, and they had seven- children, all born in Perry County, Ohio: Theresa, born January 5, 1851, married Andrew Stentz, a farmer of Crawford County, November 14, 1872, and they have two sons and five daughters; Thomas Creighton, born July 6, 1854, married Catherine Headley, who died in 1885, leaving four children, later married Sarah Dart, daughter of Chauncey and Amanda Dart, and they have six daughters and twin sons, only four of the daughters now living; Laura Estella, born February 3, 1859, married William A. Alexander, June 29, 1879, and they have two daughters living and one son dead; Vashti, born October 18, 1861, married Dorsey G. Walters, September 28, 1879, and they livé at Oblong, having three daughters and four sons; Clara. born March 1, 1863, married Wallace Eaton, October S, 1883, and died in the summer of 1908, leaving three daughters and five sons: William Howard. the subject of this sketch, and Levi Holliday. born December 10, 1866, married, September 4, 1890, Amanda Jane Sankey, daughter of Morton and Mary (Beam) Sankey, and they have one son, Carlton Oriel, and live in Robinson Township.

When only twenty years old William Randolph became a member of the Methodist Church of which he was Steward in the Prairie Chapel Church for sixteen years. His funeral was conducted by the Rev. Turner of the Methodist Church, his remains being tenderly laid to rest in the cemetery adjoining his church. He was one of the best men the township has ever known and his loss will long be felt. In church, in business, and most of all, in his home, he was truehearted, generous and kind, winning friends and making few, if any, enemies. Mrs. Nancy (Rinehart) Randolph was born in Pennsylvania February 10, 1832, and died October 27, 1902. when in her seventieth year. For over fifty years she was a consistent member of the Methodist Church. Her funeral was also conducted in Prairie Chapel, and the Rev. Mr. Neil of Oblong delivered the funeral address. Too much cannot be said of this gentle Christian woman, whose every thought was uplifting and who spent her life in loving service for others. She was laid to rest by the side of her husband.

When William Howard Randolph was four years old the family came to Crawford County, IlL,in a wagon, and he was educated in the district sehool of Oblong Township until he was twenty-one. On July 8, 1888, he married Cora E. Price; daughter of Benjamin and Sarah (Ikemier) Price, both from Ohio. Mr. and Mrs. Randolph have had the following children: Pearl Nell, born April 13, 1889, married Winfield Young, an oil producer from Salina, Ohio, no issue; Hosea, born March 28, 1891; Ralph, born July 9, 1893, and Mildred, born December 30, 1900. Mr. Randolph is a Republican, and fraternally belongs to the Modern Woodmen and the Court of Honor. Both he and his wife have been members of the Methodist Church for ten years and take a deep interest in its good work. They have a very pleasant home and welcome their many friends to it with cordial hospitality.

REAVILL, A. J. (deceased), formerly a farmer of Montgomery Township, was born December 24, 1834, in Montgomery Township. The grandfather Reavill was born in France, but emigrated to this country where he married a Miss Crow. They had a son, David, born in Delaware in 1782, who came to Illinois in 1810, settling in Kaskaskia which was then the capital of the Territory. In 1812 he went to Vincennes, Ind., and became a tanner, there. He married Ann Montgomery, born in South Carolina, September 12, 1792, and she became the mother of nine children. A. J. Reavill was educated in Crawford County, where he married December 13, 1856, Martha A. Seaney, born October 9, 1835, daughter of John and Elizabeth (Attaway) Seaney. Mr. and Mrs. Reavill had nine children: Sarah J., William, John D., Almira, Charles MeClellan, David A., Parmer Seymour, Dora and Edmund H. Mr. Reavill became the owner of a large amount of land, and was a very prominent man. When only twenty-two years of age he was elected Justice of the Peace; he was Township Treasurer, Supervisor and held other offices. In a busines way he also was active, and served as a Director of the Robinson Bank for many years. He was also a Director of the Paris & Danville Railroad, afterwards consolidated with the Wabash. In 1875 he was one of the organizers of the Bishop, Meserve & Co. syndicate, that completed the Paris & Danville road from Hutsonville to Vincennes. Mr. Reavill served two terms as Representative in the General Assembly for the Forty-fifth Distriet (1876-80), and two terms in the State Seuate (1886-94). Belonging to the Masonic order, he was connected with Lodge No. 250, Robinson.

REED, Nelson D. - The farming interests of Crawford County are represented by responsible, industrious, thrifty men who know the full value of their property and how to secure the best results out of it. Nelson D. Reed of Oblong 'T'own- Ship, is pleasantly located on Section 15, and was born in Honey Creek Township, December 7, 1858, a son of Simon Peter Reed, a retired farmer now living in Mississippi, but born in Pennsylvania, July 23, 1834. The father of Simon Peter Reed, Henry Reed, was a pioneer farmer of Martin Township, also born in Pennsylvania, where he married. By trade he was a merchant tailor. His wife whose maiden name was Katherine Alloway, was also a native of Pennsylvania, and of the large family born to them, Simon Peter

Coming to Crawford County in 1849 he located in Martin Township, at Hardinville, where he entered land, a portion of which he cleared and on it lived until his death in September, 1863.

Simon Peter Reed was educated in the primitive schools of his time and neighborhood, and married in Honey Creek Township Mary Garrard, born in that township, a daughter of Jesse W. Garrard, one of the pioneers of Crawford County. Jesse W. Garrard was one of the sons of John Garrard, who settled near Palestine at an early day. The children born to Simon Peter and wife were: Nelson D., Wilson A., Lilly May (deceased), Charles (deceased), G. P., Katherine, who married Allen Markee of Palestine; and oue who died in infancy - all born in Crawford County. Until 1863 Simon Peter Reed rented land near Palestine, and in that year bought 20 acres in Honey Creek Township. About this time he enlisted in the One Hundred and Fiftysecond Illinois Volunteer Infantry, in which he served until the close of the war. Returning home he located on his homestead and lived there until 1876, when he sold this property and bought 80 acres in Oblong Township. Clearing a portion of this, he made some improvements, then moved to Palestine, and having retired from farm life embarked in the butchering business, which he carried on successfully for a number of years. Having finally sold out in February, 1906, he moved to Mississippi, where he is now living retired. He has been a member of the Democratic party ever since he cast his first vote. For a number of years he has been a member of the G. A. R.

Nelson D. Reed remained at home until his marriage, receiving a good common-school education in Honey Creek Township, and later attended the Illinois Normal School at Dixon, Ill., where he took a special course in surveying and civil engineering, and was graduated in that branch. For ten years Mr. Reed taught school in Crawford County, proving himself a most able educator. Later he began to make use of his knowledge as a surveyor, and at the same time farmed, and for sixteen years served as County Surveyor. Becoming proficient in surveying and civil engineering he has devoted his attention to this field exclusively since 1895. He has also served twenty-six years as Township School

Trustee. He moved to his present home in October, 1882, buying 40 acres of land, to which he added 40 acres more and now has 80 acres on which he has made all the present improvements. In 1906 oil was discovered on his property and he now has six wells in active operation.

On October 18, 1881, Mr. Reed was married to Rose Martin, born in La Motte Township, a daughter of Harrison Martin, who was born in Crawford County, a son of John Martin. Mr. and Mrs. Reed have one daughter, Nola M., who was born on their present home. Mr. Reed is a Democrat politically and fraternally is a member of the Ben Hur Lodge, at Robinson. He and his wife are members of the Methodist Church, being connected with Leeper Chapel, of which he is one of the Trustees, and has been Superintendent of the Sunday School there for fifteen years. He is an alert, enterprising and progressive man, who makes friends everywhere, and is much esteemed throughout Crawford County.

REINOEHL, Sanford 5.--The discovery of oi! and gas in Crawford County within the past few years has made an immense difference in the character of industrial and commercial life of that loeality. Land that contains these products, naturally is much more valuable than that where none are to be found, and one of those who are profiting by this development is Sanford S. Reinoehl, a farmer and stock-raiser on Section 29, in Honey Creek Township, who has four gas wells on his property. Mr. Reinoehl was born on his present place, December 26, 1855, a son of George H. Reinoehl, who was a pioneer of the Township. The father was born January 31, 1831, in Wayne County, Ohio, where he was reared and educated, and married Eliza J. DuCommon, born in the same county, September 8, 1833. In September, 1853, George H. Reinoehl came to Crawford County, and settled on the family homestead, buying 160 acres of timber land, and devoting his energies to clearing it off. He cultivated the land and put a house and barn upon it, and what he failed to finish, his son, Sanford S., has accomplished.

The only child, Sanford S. Reinoehl, remained with his father until his death, which occurred in May, 1878. The elder Mr. Reinoehl was a Democrat, and very active in his party, serving very acceptably as Highway Commissioner. He was a member of the United Brethren Church. The maternal grandfather, Samuel Ducommon came to Martin Township, Crawford County, where he bought 80 acres of land, cleared it and made his home upon it. His family numbered seven children, of whom the elder Mrs. Reinoehl was the eldest, while two sons attended school at Palestine. The paternal grandfather, Philip Reinoehl also settled in Crawford County, buying property in Honey Creek Township, where his death occurred when he was in his eightyfourth year.

original 160 acres, and here he carries on general farming and stock-raising, having been engaged in these lines all his business life. On July 6, 1876, he was married to Maria E. Parker, who was born in Honey Creek Township, April 23, 1857, a daughter of T. N. Parker, who was a farmer of Honey Creek Township, born in Kentucky and came to Illinois when in boyhood. He was reared in Honey Creek Township, south of Flat Rock, and is the son of Jonathan Parker, who located in the Township about 1816, and here entering land which he placed in an excellent state of cultivation. Mrs. Reinoehl was reared in the same Township and there received her education in the public schools. She was one in a family of twelve children. Mr. and Mrs. Reinoehl have had children as follows: Maude, married Clarence Kaly; Harry L.; Mary L., married Elmer Moore; Emma E., married Frank Powdew; Charles G.; Lottie B.; Addie M., and Wilber L., all born on tbe present farm. Mary L. taught school for a year in the county schools. In politics Mr. Reinoehl\is a Democrat, and like his father has been active ih township affairs. He served very acceptably in the positions of Supervisor and Township Clerk. Fraternally he is a member of the Modern Woodmen and the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and is also a Mason, belonging to Hardinville Lodge. Energetic, a hard worker and thrifty in his habits, Mr. Reinoehl has added to his possessions, and the results are what was to be expected from a man of his capacity for good work and his ability as a manager.

RICHART, John Calvin. - Those of the present generation cannot fully appreciate the spirit that animated the heroes of the Civil War when they enlisted in the service of their country, or how willingly they risked their lives to preserve the Union. Facing death in some of its most horrible forms, they served bravely, not only for months but years, and yet when the struggle was over they quietly returned home and resumed their occupations. No one was exempt. Fathers enlisted with their sons. The white-haired man stood shoulder to shoulder with the beardless boy, and both were equally brave. Now we have but a few left of the gallant many who once formed the very flower of our country's defenders, but these we honor and respect as we do no other class of men, not only for their bravery as soldiers but also for their ability to return to the life of private citizens after their years of excitement and danger.

John Calvin Richart, of Martin Township, Crawford County, is one of these veterans of Illinois, being born in Owen County, Ind. January 5, 1840, a son of Isaac and Lucy Ann Richart. Isaac Richart was born in Bath County, Ky., October 31, 1804, and died May 26, 1879. His wife was born in Brown County, Ohio, being the youngest of a family of three children. Her father came from Binghamton, N. Y.. to Brown County, Ohio. Her death occurred June 6, 1869. Isaac Richart came to Crawford Courty. Nl., in 1850, at a time when wild game was still plenti- ful and entered 480 acres of Government land at $1.25 per acre. He made the trip overland through Indiana, and after reaching their destination in Illinois, the family lived in a log house for many years. Isaae Richart and wife had eleven children as follows: Andrew, born November 19, 1831; Henry Clay, born August 13, 1833; William ©. born February 17, 1830; Phoebe S., born February 7, 1838; John Calvin, born January 5, 1840; Elias, born August 12, 1842; Daniel Webster, born December 28, 1844; Martha Ann, who died in infancy; Isaac Watts, born in October, 1849; Jonathan, born August 28, 1852; Dunean O., born in August, 1856. Of these, Andrew died February 26, 1888; Henry Clay is living; William O. died in November, 1853; Phoebe S. is living; Elias died May 4, 1855 ; Daniel Webster is living; Isaac Watts died March 22, 1900; Jonathan is living, and Duncan O. died in March, 1860.

John Calvin Richart attended a subscription school in Crawford County, and continued his edueation from the age of ten until eighteen, when he taught school for two terms, and then worked on the farm until his majority, when his father gave him 120 acres of land in Crawford County. He was married November 7, 1880, in Martin Township, to Eleanora Stagner, daughter of John J. and Mary Jane (Chaffee) Stagner, natives of Kentucky and Tennessee, respectively. Mr. and Mrs. Richart have had these children: Webster, born January 15, 1883; Henry C., born February 5, 1885; Joseph, born November 11, 1888; Alva C., born August 23, 1893. Webster died May 29, 1896, and Henry C. married Lydia Forman, daughter of Shepard and Virginia (Knott) Forman, and they have one son. Mr. Richart is a Republican, and has been a member of the Christian Church for eighteen years, his wife also belonging to the same denomination. They reside on their fine farm of 120 acres on which they have two oil-producing wells. Their home is a comfortable one, and in it they dispense a cordial hospitality.

In April, 1861, Mr. Richart enlisted in Company G, Capt. G. W. Peeks commanding, Twentyfirst Regiment Illinois Volunteer Infantry, which saw its first service under Gen. U. S. Grant as Colonel, and participated in many engagements. among which were: Frederickstown, Mo., Perryvile, Ky., Murfreesboro, Tenn., Chickamauga, Tenn., and was Sherman's campaign, marching back to Nashville, and participating in the battle of Franklin, Tenn. The regiment was mustered out in December, 1865, at San Antonio, Texas, and discharged at Camp Butler, Springfield, Ill., January 1, 1866, and Mr. Richart arrived at home January 19, 1866, to resume his farming operations.

RICHEY, John. - The farmers of today are not only landowners, but many are largely interested in other enterprises, sometimes as owners of valuable realty in large cities, occupying official chairs in connection with banks, or as proprietors and operators of commercial houses. Crawford County is the home of many prosperous farmers whose industry and thrift have placed them among the capitalists and representative men of their neighborhood. Among those who are especially worthy of note in this connection in La Motte Township is John Richey, who was born in County Derry, Ireland, and who between fourteen and fifteen years of age came to America with an older brother and sister. They first went to Cincinnati, but soon after removed to Xenia, Ohio, where the brother rented a farm and John assisted in operating it, meanwhile spending some time iu school there.

The brother was only four years John's senior, so he was little more than a boy himself when the three ventured out into the world. The parents, Andrew Richey and wife, Elizabeth, never left their native Ireland, but there died. They had children as follows: Sarah Elizabeth, born in County Derry, Ireland ; Margaret, born in the same county, as were the others; Robert, Jane, Samuel, Mary, John and James.

In March, 1864, Mr. Richey enlisted in Company D, One Hundred and Fifty-fourth Ohio National Guard Infantry, known as the Home Guard, in which he served four months, most of the time being spent in Newcot, W. Va., where the regiment was attacked by the Confederates. The service of this regiment was chiefly confined to checking the movements of Gen. Mosby in the South, although they took part in several

In 1868 Mr. Richey came to Crawford County, and bought 225 acres of land in La Motte Township, which at the time of purchase was occupied by John Beach. Although Mr. Richey's education was a very limited one, about the only opportunity he had for attending school being while living in Xenia, Ohio, he has made good use of his knowledge and, aided by his native intelligence and wit, has never felt much need of other advantages.

On March 11, 1869, he was married by Rev. William Kane, of the Methodist Church, in La Motte Township, to Sarah Adeline Fox, born in Montgomery Township, January 26, 1840, a daughter of John and Emeline (MeGahey) Fox. They have had children as follows: Abbie J., born July 13, 1871, married Edward Beeson, a farmer of La Motte Township, and they have a Son; William O., born October 10, 1873, married Lelia Haskett, daughter of Harlan Haskett and Ellen Haskett, they have a son and two daughters, and live in Palestine, Crawford County, where he is bookkeeper in the First National Bank; James C., born April 11, 1876, married Cora Poe of Palestine, they have a daughter and live in Palestine where he is in the employ of the Richey & Richey hardware store; Fred F., born September 24, 1878. married Bessie M. Kitchell, a daughter of John and Rachel (Wilson) Kitchell, of Palestine, and they have one son; David A., born October 12, 1881, is unmarried and lives in Sierra Madre, Cal.

Mr. Richey has been extremely successful. Coming to America a raw, uneducated lad of fourteen, he has accumulated a fortune, and at one time owned 1223 acres of as good land as can be found in this part of the State. He has given 305 acres to his daughter, Mrs. Beeson, 272 acres to his son William, and 420 acres in Hutsonville Township to James C. and David A., and the home place of 225 acres to Fred F. In addition to these valuable holdings, Mr. Richey is one of the proprietors of the Palestine hardware store operated under the name of Richey & Richey. In polities Mr. Richey is a Republican, and although he takes an active interest in public affairs, he has not desired public office. For forty years he has been a member of the United Presbyterian Church, in which for the past thirty years he has been an elder, and is one of the church's largest contributors. Genial, kindhearted, a good friend, an indulgent husband and father, Mr. Richey has endeared himself not only to his immediate family, but also to a large circle of appreciative friends throughout the entire county. No record of Crawford County would be complete without extended notice of this representative and successful man, John Richey.

ROBB, Judge Franklin, attorney-at-law, was born in Gibson County, Ind., February 15, 1817, and when he was sixteen his parents moved to Laporte, Ind. He attended, Wabash College at Crawfordsvile for five years, and was graduated from the classical department of that institution in 1840. Mr. Robb then studied law with Judge Embree, and was admitted to the bar in 1842. For a short time he practiced law at Princeton, but became interested in medicine and studied it for three years and attended lectures at Louisville, Ky., and at Cincinnati. In 1845 he located in Robinson, where he engaged in the practice of medicine, but was forced to abandon it on account of his health, when he resumed his law practice, and at the time of his death was a well-Enown man throughout the county. He was a Republiean and held many offices, including those of County Superintendent of Schools, Justice of the Peace, member of the School Board, etc. In 1879 he was elected County Judge, and served one term, but declined a second nomination. He was married June 13, 1844, to Martha J. E. Ing, daughter of Thomas Ing.

ROUSCH, William Tilden - One of the most progressive and up-to-date farmers and stockraisers of Crawford County is William Tilden Rousch, of La Motte Township, Ill, who has probably one of the best stocked and furnished farms in Illinois. Not only does he understand thoroughly every detail of the work and how to do it most expeditiously and economically, but he has all the necessary machinery that modern invention affords. Mr. Rousch was born near Dayton, Ohio, January 8, 1862, a son of John Peter Rousch, who was born in Germany, but came to Johnstown, Pa., about 1845, and from there to Dayton, Ohio, about 1858. He married Rosena Wildt, and they had children as follows: Maggie, William T., Barbara, Mary, Peter, Emma, and Flora, all except the subject of this sketch being deceased. 'The mother died in La Motte

Township, June 11, 1882, while the father survives, and is a resident of Terre Haute, Ind. He is about seventy-three and is living retired from active life. He married a second time and by that marriage has one son, John Peter, Jr.

William T. Rousch attended the district school in La Motte Township, and after attaining his majority operated a threshing machine for about three years, and then purehased about 100 acres of land. 'To this he added another 100 acres, then 20, then 40, until he now owns 260 acres of excellent land, the greater portion of which is under cultivation except four acres of timber. His modern residence is one of the most fully equipped farmhouses in the County. In addition to his other property he owns 480 acres of heavily timbered land in Hazen Township, Prairie County, Ark. His farm is fully equipped for every requirement of farm life. He has three large barns, a gasoline engine of three-horse power for pumping water and a twenty-horse power steam engine for baling hay, a sawmill, a shredder for fodder, a hay baler and a corn crusher. Recently wells have been drilled on the farm to supply the city of Robinson with water. The wells are partially completed and the line is Piped to the city. In 1908 he shipped eighteen head of Polangus and Shorthorn cattle and sold the shipment for $1,645. He has a Polangus bull that weighs about 1.800 pounds. Mr. Rousch keeps about fifteen head of horses all the time. His shipments are made in car-load lots. For fourteen years he has been in the business of shipping to Eastern markets, and his profits are large, for the quality of his product is generally recognized and his stock commands highest prices everywhere.

On February 10, 1888, Mr. Rousch married Salena Newlin, a daughter of Elias and Elizabeth (Holmes) Newlin. Mr. and Mrs. Rousch have had children as follows: Elsie Elizabeth, born September 7, 1889; Usher Eugene, born Oetober 13, 1891; Minnie Aubery, born April 16, 1894; Charles William, born March 4, 1896; Berl Emilo, born October 2, 1900. Mr. Rousch is a Democrat in political faith.

RUDDELL, Henry Thomas. - Every branch of commercial and industrial activity offers certain inducements to enterprising men who realize the opportunity for attaining success. Of late years the business of furnishing hotels and restaurants with dairy supplies has grown to large proportions, and engaged the attention and efforts of some of the best farmers in Crawford County. The profits from such a line of business are Jarger than those derived from ordinary farming, and Henry Thomas Ruddell, of Robinson Township, is one of the men thus occupied. He was born in this township January 17, 1864, and there attended distriet school until he commenced farming. {

In September, 1886, Mr. Ruddell married Katie Shaw, a daughter of Benjamin and Ann (Oxford) Shaw, natives of England and West Virginia, respectively, and they have become the parents of the following children: Karl, born July 19, 1887; Keith, born October 5, 1890; Ralph, born August 5, 1893; and David, born September 10, 1895.

Mr. Ruddell owns 192 acres of excellent farining land, and has a commodious residence, in which a pleasant hospitality is dispensed; is a Democrat in political faith and for some years has served on the School Board and is interested in educational matters. Fraternally he is a meniber of the Modern Woodmen of America.

SCHMIDT, Gustave Francis, M. D. - Like many others, the medical profession has made greater progress in the last twenty years than in several centuries prior to the beginning of the nineteenth, and a practitioner at the present time must be better equipped by far than those of a decade or so ago, if he would succeed in his chosen profession. Among the well-known physicians of Crawford County, Ill is Gustave Francis Schmidt, who, although the best of his life is still before him, is thoroughly abreast of the times and his calling. He was born in New York City, March 11, 1878, a son of Gustave Frederick and Mary (Krupp) Schmidt. Gustave Frederick Schmidt was born in Germany, January 22, 1857, and as a young man came to America and located in New York City. where he is now engaged in the construction of large buildings, having a wide reputation in his line. Mrs. Schmidt, also of German ancestry, was born at Akron, Ohio, January 25, 1856.

Gustave Francis Schmidt received a liberal education, beginning his training in the publie schools, later attending the high school, and subsequently entering Bellevue University, where he studied for three years. Deciding upon the medical profession as his life work, he went to Chieago, where he took the full course of study at the Illinois College of Medicine, from which he received his diploma. He then attended Columbia Hospital, New York City, for three years. and for eight months was House Surgeon of Flushing Hospital. Choosing the town of Robinson, IlL, as his field of practice, he there opened a well-appointed office on the south side of the Publie Square. He met with almost instantaneous success, and has since won the confidence and esteem of the community generally.

On January 26, 1906, Dr. Sehmidt was married at Newark, Ohio, to Miss Elizabeth Butler, who was born at Newark, November 20, 1881. One child has been born to this union, Gustave William, born February 25, 1907. The doctor's religious belief is that of the Lutheran Church. In political matters he is a Republican, and fraternally is a member of the Knights of Pythias, Aerie Physician of the Order of Eagles, is Vice- Royal Fellow in the Beechonan Medical Society of New York, and is Medical Examiner for a number of insurance companies and secret societies. Dr. Schmidt can claim military connection by his family, as an uncle on his mother's side was a General of Volunteers and served with distinction throughout the Civil War.

SEANEY, Samuel. - Pioneer life in Illinois has developed in many men what was best in character and made them sturdy, strong to work and endure, and upright in their dealings. One of the names intimately associated with the pioneer history of Montgomery Township, Crawford County, is that of Seaney, and one of its oldest living representatives is Samuel Seaney of Section 33, who was born in the locality where he now resides, October 22, 1824.

The father, also Samuel, was a native of North Carolina, who started west with his family during the War of 1812. For a time they remained in a fort in Wayne County, Ind., and there Samuel, the elder, worked at farming, but eventually the little family resumed their westward trip in a wagon, and in 1814 settled in Montgomery Township. There the father entered 40 acres of Government land, on which he remained until his death. He married in North Carolina, Catherine Wishon, who was born, reared and educated in her native State and at the age of twenty-two years was married. The children born to Samuel Seaney and wife were: Polly, Susan, Minta, Lucy, John (born in 1812), Margaretta, Honor, Catherine, Matilda, Samuel and Nimrod.

Subscription schools were the only ones in Crawford County when the younger Samuel Seaney was educated, and which he attended while helping his father until he was twentythree years old, when he was married to Cinderilla Kamplam, daughter of William Kamplam, who was a farmer. Her mother was Mrs. Clemana Kamplam, her parents being natives of Indiana and Massachusetts, respectively. Mr. and Mrs. Seaney have had children as follows: Alvin, Leander, Patrick Henry, John Franklin, Herman, Charles, Thomas Marling, David Bruce, Andrew Jackson, Arena Flora, and Nancy Ellen.

After their marriage Mr. and Mrs. Seaney settled on rented land, which Mr. Seaney farmed for a year. Having entered 40 acres of land he then built a log house on the farm which he now owns; later bought 80 acres, and kept adding to his holdings until at one time he owned 340 acres. The property was all covered with timber, but he cleared off the land, placed it under cultivation and made improvements upon it, transforming it into one of the, most valuable farming properties in the county. All of the children except Alvin were born on the homestead, Mr. Seaney is a Democrat and has nine sons who vote as he does. He takes an active interest in educational matters, and for a number of years was School Director and Trustee for the district in which he resides. He has been a member of the Christian 'Church for sixty years. Advanced in years, he is well preserved, and retains an excellent memory regarding the various changes he has witnessed, many of which he has been instrumental in making.

place in its development, especially thos. connected with the discovery of oil, was born March 28, 1858, in Bluffton, Wells County, Ind. a daughter of Hethcoate and Annie Jane (Clark) Connett, the former of whom was born in Stark County, Ohio, May 17, 1817, and the latter was born in May 17, 1820. They were married June 24, 1838, and had children as follows: Jo, born June 11, 1839; Amos, born July 4, 1841, and died when two years old; Isaac, born August 3, 1843, died some fifteen years ago, leaving five boys and five girls, his wife dying many years before him; Temperance, born September 26, 1845, died about forty-two years ago, after attaining to womanhood; Rachel, born October 1, 1848, reared a family, and died in 1907 in Palestine, Ill.; Ruth, born November 6, 1850, died April 7, 1909, leaving a husband and several children; Julia Ann, born November 20, 1852, lives near Springfield, Mo.; Woodrough, born March 8, 1855, was accidentally shot and killed by a boy friend when he was about eighteen; Mrs. Sears; J. F., born June 14, 1862, and lives in Oblong Township.

While living in Ohio, Mr. Conneti worked in a stone quarry, but after coming to Illinois, engaged in farming. Arriving in Crawford County, he located on a farm four miles south of Robinson, near Hebron, and there he and his wife Spent the remainder of their days.

Mrs. Sears was reared by good, Christian parents, and when only sixteen years of age was converted and joined the Methodist Church, since which time she has been one of its most earnest members. On December 5, 1874, she, married Emanuel Miller, and made him a devoted wife for thirty-one years. While Mr. and Mrs. Miller had no children themselves, they reared an orphan nephew and niece, and their home was always open to the unfortunate and needy. On December 30, 1906, Mrs. Miller married Henry O. Sears, and they live in Robinson, having moved to the city on November 15, 1908. Mr. Sears is a Republican in politics.

Mrs. Sears owns a very valuable farm of 60 acres in Oblong Township, on which have been opened up sixteen wells. The discovery of oil on the property has greatly enhanced its value and made Mr. and Mrs. Sears very wealthy. Mrs. Sears is one of the most highly respected women of her community, always ready to do a neighbor a kindness and to give liberally of her means to help others. She is devoted to her family and her church connections, and is a Rowers influence for good with those who know

SEARS, Henry 0. - The farming activity shown in Crawford County has been stimulated by the discovery of oil in this region and the consequent doubling of values. Among the prosperous farmers and stockmen of Oblong Township, Crawford County, Henry O. Sears takes a prominent place. He was born in Henry County, Ind., December 27, 1854, a son of Harrison S. who was born in Pennsylvania, and was a blacksmith by trade. He married Sarah Byrket, a daughter of David Byrket, a farmer of Pennsylvania.

Härrison Sears had come to Indiana when a boy, with his father, locating near Ogden, that State, where both parents died. They had children as follows: Elizabeth Ellen, Solomon (deceased), Henry O., Sarah Olive, Harrison Elmer and Alice.

During the Civil War, Harrison Sears enlisted in the Fifth Cavalry, Company F, Captain J. H. Wood commanding. Mr. Sears was honorably discharged in the vicinity of Vicksburg, and ordered back to Springfield to be mustered out. Returning from the war, he settled in Martin Township, where he bought 160 acres of land, which he improved, and established a reputation as a farmer as good as that he had won as a Soldier.

Henry O. Sears has been married twice, his first wife having been Sophronia King, a daughter of William King, a farmer of Crawford County, where the marriage occurred. Three children were born of this marriage, two of whom died in infancy, the other being William J. Mr. Sears married in 1897 Elinor Connett, daughter of H. C. Connett, a farmer of Crawford County. The early education of Mr. Sears was somewhat meager, but he has added to it by observation and reading, until he now ranks as a well informed citizen. When twenty-one years old he bought 24 acres of land from his brother, and later bought the adjoining 120 acres, where he resided until the death of his first wife. Mr. Sears now owns a fine 100-acre farm, which he and his sons manage together. The first oil discovery was made on the property of Mrs. Elinor M. Sears in 1896, and she now has sixteen wells in attive operation. In politics Mr. Sears is a Republican and in religious faith a Methodist. Mr. Sears is a man who took advantage of the best available schooling, has shown good judgment and high purpose in life, and while his years have been those of hard work, his diligence and perseverance have resulted in ultimate and well deserved success.

SEED, Elias William. - Material possessions are very well in their place, but they should not be permitted to usurp the place of the more important things of life. Character, truth, honor, justice, love, faith, righteousness, good deeds - there are the things of real worth, besides which the value of the world's wealth fades into insignificance. The trouble with this age is that it places too much emphasis on externals. These Should not be despised, nor should they be unduly exalted. They are but the incidents of life, not the essentials. The need of the hour is to get things in right proportion again. to cease permitting the material to crowd out the spiritual.

Elias William Seed, minister of the Methodist Church, and a farmer and stock-raiser of Section 17, Honey Creek- Township, Crawford County, was born in Lawrence County, Ill, October 5, 1843, a son of John Seed, deceased, who was a farmer of Lawrence County, Ill, but born in Ireland, where he was reared, coming to the United States after attaining to maturity. He joined an uncle in Kentucky, but after a short

Stay there proceeded up the Wabash by steamer to Lawrenceville, where he bought a farm of 160 acres and cleared it off. He was married in Crawford County to Emily (Cullom) Taylor, a widow who, by her earlier marriage, had two children: John Edward, a minister of the Methodist Episcopal Chureh of the Northern Illinois Conference, and one who died in infancy. Mr. John Seed and wife had the following children: one who died in infancy; Elias William; Essie Anna, deceased; Mary E.; Henry Shepherd; George A., a minister of the Methodist Church; Emily Jane, deceased ; and Francis, deceased, all born in Lawrence County. For several years after his marriage, John Seed conducted a store in Lawrenceville, having brought his father and mother from Ireland, and placed them on his farm. He was a minister of the Methodist Church, and organized the first Methodist Church in Lawrenceville. He also farmed extensively, and owned at one time 1,000 acres of land. His parents passed the remainder of their lives on his first farm, and died happy and contented, surrounded by comforts their earlier years had never known. During the war Mr. Seed was a member of the Union League, and when he died in 1872, was mourned by hundreds to whom he had ministered, and to whom he had set a beautiful example.

Elias William Seed received a common school education in Lawrence County, and was taught to work hard on the farm. On June 2, 1869, he married Elizabeth Doney, who was born in Ohio, July 4, 1845, a daughter of Harvey and Eliza (Howell) Doney. Mr. and Mrs. Doney moved to Indiana, in 1851, settling in Greene County, that State, where Mrs. Seed was educated. Mr. Doney was a carpenter and farmer. Mrs. Seed had a twin brother. In all there were twelve children in the Doney family, of whom five are now living. Mrs. and Mr. Seed have these children: Eliza Bertha, George Lycurgus. Anna Phoebe, Ralph Roy, Mary Ethel, and three who were the eldest born, but are deceased: John Harvey, Emmett Doney and Frank Dow. Eliza Bertha married John Mifford and they have three living children and one deceased; George Lycurgus married Alta Kent and they have one child; Anna Phoebe married E. W. Porter and they have one child, and Mary Ethel married Edgar Ford and they had one child who is deceased.

After marriage Mr. Seed located on the farm and in the same house where he was born, remaining there for sometime when he moved to another farm in Lawrence County in 1878, locating on his present property which he had owned for some time. It consists of 80 acres, a greater part of which he has cleared. Here he had the misfortune of being burned out. All of the improvements on his property have been made by him. While a good farmer, Mr. Seed's interest centers in the ministry, and he is much beloved by those to whom he ministers. He has always been active in temperance work and is a member of the Society of Good Templars. In politics he is a Republican.

SEEDERS, Cazzie Neal, and Ossie Cammie. - The remarkable sympathy that exists between twins has always been a subject of much interest both to the medical profession and the laity. The mysterious operations of nature which produce two children at one birth have never been thoroughly understood, but it is a recognized fact. that twins are more closely bound together than those connected by ordinary blood or fraternal ties. "There have been striking instances of devotion between twins that lasted after the death of one of them, the surviving one dying of a broken heart.

A remarkable case of this kind occurred in the Seeders family. On October 29, 1879, James Bennett and Mary Lavina (Walker) Seeders had born to them twins, Cazzie Neal and Ossie Cammie Seeders. This worthy couple lived in La Motte Township, Crawford County, two and one-half miles north of Palestine. The boys were sent to the same school, shared the same pursuits during boyhood, but as they grew into young manhood, Cazzie Neal became a farmer and Ossie Cammie, at twenty years old, went to work as a clerk for the Illinois. Central Railroad in their office in Palestine, Ill. After serving for a time in that capacity, he took a business course in Bryant & Stratton's Commercial College in St. Louis, from which he was graduated in June, 1901, in bookkeeping and telegraphy. He then went to Newton, Ill., and was telegraph operator for the Illinois Central Railroad for about a year, when the charms of agricultural life proved too strong for him and he came back to La Motte Township to engage in farming.

Cazzie Neal Seeders was married August 18, 1901, by the Rev. John Boatright, to Alta Gertrude Jeffries, born April 26, 1882, a daughter of John and Rose A. (Walters) Jeffries, both natives of Crawford County. Mr. and Mrs. Cazzie Neal Seeders have one child: Irene L., born July 12. 1902. John Jeffries, father of Mrs. Cazzie Neal Seeders, had the following family: Percy Lee, born August 17, 1875; Rushton G., born July 26, 1878; Cora C., born February 3, 1881, married G. A. McLaughlin, had one child, Ethel Ione, and died September 3, 1908; and Alta Gertrude. Percy Lee married Flora J. Richey, daughter of James Richey, and they have four children - Paul, Ray, Pansy May and Rena.

James Bennett Seeders was born in Kentucky, but came to Crawford County at an early day, and died in La Motte Township, August 9, 1899. He was a member of the Modern Woodmen, and that order paid to his estate $2,000 after his death. James B. Seeders married Mary Lavina Walker, a daughter of Charles and Sarony Walker, and she died October 9, 1891, aged thirty-six years, eight months and twentyfour days. There were three children in the family of Mr. and Mrs. Seeders: Percy Lee, born August 10, 1875, and died February 9, 1877, and the twins, Cazzie and Ossie, who were born October 29, 1879.

Cammie Seeders is very prominent fraternally, belonging to the Palestine Lodges of both the Masons and the Odd Fellows. He is connected with Palestine Lodge, No. 849. A. E. A. M, and La Motte Lodge, No. 826, I. O. O. F., both of Palestine, Neither brother belongs to any church, but Mrs. Cazzie Neal Seeders is a member of the United Brethren denomination.

Both brothers have good farms, which they are operating according to scientific principles, and the satisfactory results they have attained demonstrate their wisdom in making every foot of their land yield a good income. They are publie spirited young men, who take an interest in the affairs of their community, although their private affairs occupy most of their attention. Mr. Ossie Cammie Seeders is yet unmarried.

SHANKS, James. - Farming and stock-raising have always engaged the attention of the majority of people in rural communities, and today this is true just as it was when the Children of Israel herded their flocks on their journey to the Promised Land. Among those who are appropriately mentioned in a history of this description is James Shanks, a farmer and stockraiser on Section 7 and Section 8, Licking Township, Crawford County, Ill., who was born in Clark County, Ill., April 3, 1863, a son of Joseph Shanks, who was a native of Sullivan County, Ind.

Joseph Shanks was left an orphan in infancy and was taken by a Mr. Engles, by whom he was reared to manhood. Mr. Engles moved from Indiana to Clark County, Ill., and settled on 40 acres of land which he entered from the Government. From, the time Joseph Shanks was old enough to work, he had little time or opportunity to secure an education, being kept busy on the farm. He remained with Mr. Engles until he was married to Catherine Simms, a daughter of Lang and Catherine (Elembough) Simms, when he entered 20 acres of land. His father-in-law gave him five acres more, so he had 25 acres in all. Moving on to the land, he commenced clearing off the brush and timber and planted crops when the soil was ready. In addition to working on his property he made rails for others, so as to add to his scanty income, and never was afraid of what lay before him. Twenty years later he went to Missouri, and located in Macon County, that State, renting a farm, but after remaining two years moved to Douglas County where he remained one year engaged in farming, and then returning to Crawford County. Ill., located on his old farm. After his wife's death he once more moved, settling in Casey, Ill., where he lived with his daughter, Mrs. Myrah Manda Cassell, until his death, at the age of seventy-two years and eight months. He was a member of the Presbyterian Church. Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Shanks were the parents of ten children, namely: William, John, James, Blex, Thomas, Noah, Henry, Amanda, Rosa and Lillie.

until he was ten years old, when his father moved to Macon County, Mo., making the trip in wagons. After arriving there, the son continued his education when not busy helping his father. When he was twenty-four years old he married Cora Athey, daughter of J. Thomas Athey, who was born in Frederick County, Md. Her mother was born in Licking County, Ohio, May 31, 1837, married September 13, 1857, by Judge Stears of Crawford County. Mr. and Mrs. Athey became the parents of the following children: George W., born December 1, 1858, died September 29, 1865; Henry O., born June 29, 1860; Clarissa E., born April 10, 1862, died July 20, 1904; Mary A., born August 9, 1864, died October 9, 1865; Cora A., an infant son, born August 9, 1871, died on the same day; and an infant daughter, born November 14, 1873, died on the same day. Mr. and Mrs. Shanks have had six children born to them, namely: Otto, born October 29, 1887, died September 14, 1889; Alice, born November 26, 1889; Lucy, born November 16, 1891; Evert, born March 25, 1894; Lawrence, born October 16, 1896; Raymond, born December 30, 1907.

Mr. Shanks has always been a Democrat, and is a member of the Modern Woodmen of America at Annapolis. Mrs. Shanks is a member of the New Light Christian Church, and Mr. Shanks has been liberal in his donations to chureh work.

SHIPMAN, Daniel, one of the-oldest residents of Martin Township, and a man who for many years has been prominently identified with the agricultural and stock interests of Crawford County, was born near his present home February 7, 1837, a son of William Shipman, now deceased, who was a pioneer of Martin Township, and a native of Indiana, from whence he came to Crawford County, Ill, when a boy, with his father, Stephen Shipman, about 1830. The family located in Martin Township, near the present site of Hardinville. The land on which the sehoolhouse now stands was also given by this family. Stephen Shipman cleared his land, placing it under cultivation, and brought up his family upon it. William Shipman was the second in a family of eight children, and was educated in a little log-house subscription school. He married Jennie Martin, who was born In Kentucky, but married in Martin Township. She was the daughter of Daniel Martin, for whom the township was named. Mr. Martin married in Kentucky Bettie Gray and came to the county at a date earlier even than the Shipman's and donated the ground for the cemetery at Hardinville.

who had remained until then at home, bought 40 acres near Hardinville and this he cleared off and placed under cultivation. Later he sold this tract and entered 120 acres, which he cultivated with the aid of his son Daniel, and lived upon it until his death. Of the family of nine children, Daniel was the eldest, the others being Stephen, James. William, Jack, Eliza, and three

Daniel Shipman was reared on the homestead, and there remained until his marriage May 11, 1856, to Nancy Purcell, born February 23, 1836, a native of Indiana and a daughter of Jefferson Purcell, now deceased, a farmer of Martin Township, who entered and cleared off a fine farm. Mr. and Mrs. Shipman had four children, William and Stephen (both deceased), Carrie and James. Mrs. Shipman died March 29, 1872. In 1872 he was married to Mary enfield, born in Crawford County, the daughter of Henry Sapenfield, now deceased, who was a farmer of Martin Township. Four children were born of this marriage: Calvin, Louise, Elizabeth and Henry, all born in Martin Township except Louisa, who was born in Texas. The second Mrs. Shipman died February 27, 1901.

In 1861 Mr. Shipman enlisted in the Sixtieth Illinois Volunteer Infantry, and served three years, participating in the battle of Murfreesboro, and other engagements, including Chickamauga, being there in Thomas' Division and detailed for skirmish duty, and later participated in the Sherman's famous march to the sea. When he was honorably discharged, Mr. Shipman returned to Illinois, and for four years lived in Lawrence County, where he bought 80 acres of land, but later sold this and bought the tract on which he now resides, having now 100 acres. In 1876 Mr. Shipman and his family went to Collins County, Texas, and bought two sections of land. He remained there less than a year, when he sold out and returned to Crawford County. In addition to placing his present property in fine condition, Mr. Shipman has 80 acres of clearing to his account in Lawrence County. He has ever been ready to lend a hand to any measure tending to the advancement of the county. Since the formation of the Republican Party, Mr. Shipman has been one of its zealous members, as would be indicated by his war record. He is very prominent in the G. A. R., belonging to Oblong Post. His religious affiliations are with the Christian Church, in which he is an active worker and liberal contributor. Recently oil was discovered on his property, and this has greatly increased its value. Mr. Shipman has three wells in active operation, and without doubt others will soon be drilled. He is a patriotie, honorable, and thrifty citizen, a kind neighbor, and an excellent Christian gentleman who has many friends throughout his own and Lawrence counties.

SHIPMAN, Everett M., M. D., physician and surgeon. The physicians and surgeons of to-day are improving to the utmost in original research and progressive experiments, constantly adding to exact knowledge in therapeuties and surgery, until the marvels they accomplish seem almost miraculous. Dr. Everett M. Shipman, of Hardinville, Martin Township, Crawford County, Ill., belongs to the most advanced representatives of his profession. and is thoroughly versed in all pertaining to his practice. He was born in the township where he now resides, March 16, 1874, & son of John Shipman, now deceased, but who was a prosperous farmer of Martin Township, where he also was born in 1850, was a son of William and Jane (Martin) Shipman, now deceased, pioneers of the township. The latter also were the parents of James, A. J., William, Daniel, Stephen, Lida, Jessie and George, who are deceased.

John Shipman was educated in the early log schoolhouse of Martin Township, and there grew to maturity, marrying in the township, Frances MeNeece, a native of Crawford County, Ill., and daughter of Lawson McNeece, now deceased, a farmer of Lawrence County, who with his wife, died when Mrs. John Shipman was still a child. Mr. and Mrs. Shipman had but one child, Dr. Shipman. In politics John Shipman was a Democrat.

Like the majority of farmer boys, Dr. Shipman attended district school, but early showing superior talent, was sent to the Robinson school, and returning home, taught school for four years in Martin Township, and one year in Hardinville, all the time cherishing the hope of fitting himself for the medical profession, although he did not begin the study of medicine until 1898, when he entered the university at Louisvile, Ky. and was graduated in 1900. Immediately beginning practice, he located in Landes, Il., in Southwest Township, remaining there until August 12, 1906, when he moved to Hardinville, where he has since remained, building up a large and satisfactory practice, being the only physician in Hardinville and the surrounding country.