Sangamon County, Illinois - City of Springfield 563, 1881 (part 23 of 25)

Reminiscence Of Elijah Iles

" My father, Thomas lies, was born in Pennsylvania, in 1765. At the age of sixteen he was sent by his father about one hundred miles to collect some money, and was furnished with a good horse and a good outfit of clothing. After collecting tne money, not being on good terras with his step-mother, concluded to put out and set up for himself. He went to Virginia and emigrated to Kentucky, with a family by the name of Trumbo. The Indians were troublesome, committing murder and stealing horses, and much of his time was employed in guarding the settlers, and driving the Indians across the Ohio river into the Territory of Ohio. He was in several skirmishes with the Indians. The Indians finally stole his horse, and by this time his clothes and money was about used up. He then went to work for wages in the summer, and to school in winters, paying for his board by his work mornings, nights and Saturdays. When he got an education enabling him, he taught school in winter and worked on farms in summer. After occupying himself in this manner for a time, he married Betsey Crocket, and then formed a colony with my mother's brother, John Crocket, and a few others, and settled on the Prickley Ash creek, on the waters of Licking river, in a heavily timbered section, and cleared ground for raising corn. They relied on game for their living, such as turkey, deer and bear. They could not raise hogs until the bear was killed out, as they eat the pigs. But they made good use of the bear by killing them and cureing the meat as we do pork. At that day most everything used for housekeeping was brought from Virginia to Kentucky, on pack-horses. We had to do with little. Our table-ware was pewter plates, spoons and Japanned tumblers. Our cooking utensils, a frying pan, skillet and oven; our bread was mostly baked on a board, set up before the fire, and called Johnny-cake, or in the ashes and called ash-cake,., the meat often hung up and roasted before the tire.

" My mother, with her wheel, wool cards and loom, manufactured all the wearing apparel used by herself and family, other than buckskin pants, mostly used by men and boys.

"My mother died in 1802, leaving five children: Polly, Elijah, William, Washington and Betsey, the youngest eight days old. We were in a bad fix; but ray Aunts Carlyle and Harper, of Woodford county, Kentucky, took my sisters and brother Washington home with them, and my Aunt Crocket, in the vicinity, took myself and brother William until my father visited his sister (Aunt Barnet), at Winchester, Virginia, and bought and brought home a negi'o woman, and myself and William were taken home and put under her charge and care; we were taught to call her Aunt Milly, and to obey her; she proved to be a good woman. After living eight years a widower, my father married the Widow Wheeler, with tw^o children (Samuel and Eliza); and my brother, Washington, and sisters were brought home.

" My education was limited; never advanced to study English grammar. My father, being a good scholar, taught me some at home in spelling, writing and arithmetic.

"At the beginning of the war of 1812, my father was sherifi^ of i^ath county, Kentucky. I was then sixteen years old, and acted as his deputy, after which I bought one hundred calves at $3 a head, which I wintered in a very rugged section, remote from settlements, on the waters of Little Sandy, three summers and two winters. The cliffs were very high and precipitous, shelving over in places, so as to form shelter for the cattle in winter. The valleys were very narrow, but by changing from valley to valley, my cattle wintered without being fed. My only companions during the two years, was my horse, dog, gun and cattle, other than occasional hunters. I had an object, enjoyed it, and did not feel lonesome. I then sold my cattle for a sum, though small, was at that day a good start for a young man. Being then of age, I concluded to hunt a new country, and set up for myself ( although Kentucky was yet new), so I took ray money and put out for Missouri,

"Now, for incidents and events of someot my numerous footsteps wanderings and doings from the time I left my father in 1818, to the present year, 1881. My object was the Boomlick country, in Missouri, in Howard county. I started on my trip in October, 1818. My route was via Lexington, Frankfort and Louisville, Ky., Vincennes, Ind., St. Louis, and St. Charles, Mo., thence to Franklin, in Howard county, the extreme western settleraent at that day. The towns were all sraall,St. Louis the largest, about 2,000. Franklin was the only town west of St. Charles on the Missouri river. My object was farraing. The lands were not yet brought into market. After getting to Franklin and exploring the country to some extent, I was eraployed a portion of my time as clerk in a store, and also to select lands for speculators. I made good selections for rayself and laid out every dollar I had, and in a short time on one tract I realized one hundred dollars. I got home-sick and determined to visit my old home in Kentucky, but before doing so, I desired to explore raore of Missouri so as to satisfactorily decide where I should permanently locate. A young raan and rayself prepared ourselves for camping out. We went west on the north side of the Missouri river, and into the then Indian Territory raore than a hundred railes above the border line, then meandered the river down to Fort Osage, twenty miles below the mouth of Kansas river. The ofiicers sent a boat over for us. The fort was comraanded by Colonel Sibley. From here we passed down the south side of the river, camping out one night, to the settlement above where Boonville is now situated

"In January, 1821, I made my visit to Kentucky. About this time I heard of much talk about the Sangamon country in Illinois, and determined to explore it, and on my return in March, about thirty miles west of Viucennes, at a place called Maysville. When I got there I was told a party had just staked out a road to Vandalia and to Sangamon. It was easy to follow the route by the stakes and fresh raade track of the wagon that had hauled the stakes. There were but few in Vandalia at that tirae. I followed the staked road to Maccoupin point, where I struck the trace to Sangaraon river, then the only trace from St. Louis to Sangamon. After exploring to sorae extent I went to St. Louis and then to ray home in Missouri. I liked the people and the lands bordering on both sides of the Missouri river - could not be excelled to the Indian border - yet, the distance from market, and the thought that Missouri would remain a border

State during my life time, determined me again to visit Illinois, which was more interior and more accessible to market. My route back to Illinois was mostly without a road or trace. After leaving the settlement on the Missouri river, I crossed the prairie to the head waters of Salt creek, or river, above the settlement. There I camped out one night. It did not trouble me a bit to camp out as I had been accustomed to camping out with my cattle in Kentucky. I felt at home. I then meandered the river to the settlement near New London, thence to Louisiana, then crossed the Mississippi river to a colony in Illinois, headed by the Rosses, (now Atlas) of a dozen families, who had just landed, living in tents, and were erecting their cabins. I then meandered the Mississippi to near the mouth of tho Illinois river, to another colony of eight families. These two colonies were the only whites residing on the Military Tract between the Illinois and Mississippi rivers. "I there swam my hor.-e across the Illinois river at the mouth, then meandered the Macoupin creek, to a trace leading to Diamond grove, now Jacksonville. There I found three families in the grove, Kline, Abrams, Wilson, and Wyatt and some others in the vicinity. I then went up the Mauvester creek about ten miles, until I could see the timber in the Island grove, then crossed the prairie to the grove. No one was then living in the grove. Leaving the timber on my right, I followed the prairie to a trace leading through the timber to a place where I found a stake, set up for a temporary county seat, to be called Springfield; and here I found Charles R. Matheny, living in a one-room log cabin, with a large family of little children, near the stake. (Mr. C. R. Matheny was judge of probate and clerk of the circuit and county courts). Within the distance' of two miles of the stake, I found the families of John and William Kelly, Andrew Elliott, Samuel Little, John Lindsay, Peter Lauterman and Jacob and Levi Ellis. The reason given me why the temporary county seat was located here, was that it was the largest neighborhood in the country, and, as it was only to be temporary, until the land sales, the judge and lawyers could get quarters among the farmers. This was in 1821. A rough log house, was erected with a dirt floor, for a temporary cburt house.

No one had settled in the place during the first year, other than Matheny and myself. In 1822, although on government lands, seven families erected temporary cabins and moved to the town before the land sales.

"In 1825, commissioners were appointed to select and locate a permanent county seat. We had a hard row to hoe and manage to get the commissioners to selectthis place for the permanent county seat. The growth of the place was slow until after it was selected for the capital.

"After I got to Springfield in 1821, and explored the country to some extent, I determined to make this section my permanent home; my intention was farming, but as the land was not yet in market, I erected a cabin, sixteen feet square, with sheds, and went to St. Louis and bought a general assortment of goods, and opened the first store in Springfield, in June, 1 821. ( had no competition for two years.) After I bought the goods, I chartered a boat to bring them up the Illinois river. On my trip, the only house at now Alton, was the residence of the ferryman; the next was at the mouth of Illinois river; the next a vacant cabin at now Beardstown. At that day there was no other house on the Illinois river, from head to mouth, other than a trading house for Indians at the foot of Lake Peoria (now city). My goods were landed at the vacant cabin and the boat discharged. I was alone with my goods on the bank of the river. After a search, I found a dim trace leading out to a Mr. Jobe, fifteen miles out, was the first house on the route; but, before I got to his house, I met two teams, driven by Lauterman and Broad well, going after furniture which was brought up the river by dug-outs and left at the cabin. As neither had a full load, I went back and made up their loads with some of my most perishable goods. It was more than a month before I got all my goods from the river, yet nothing was molested; there was no one to steal then. I did a good business, and aside from whites, I had a good trade with the Indians. In 18 23, at the land sales, I bought land, and, in addition to selling goods, opened a farm, and drove hogs and cattle to St. Louis, until 1830; then sold my goods to my clerk John Williams, now Colonel Williams, and established him in business.

" I then occupied myself in farming, buying and selling hogs and cattle in St. Louis, and mules to Kentucky, and buying and selling lands and town lots, to the year 1838. In this year, I packed hogs at Alton, with others, and lost more than $10,000. This closed my career in pork packing, after which I occupied ray time in farming and buying and selling lands and lots. In 1838, I erected the American House, in Springfield, then the largest hotel in the State, now torn down and built up with large store houses by Lawrence & Britton.

"In 1826, I was elected State Senator, and again in 1830. At that time, the Senate consisted of thirteen members, and the House of Representatives twenty-five. In 1821, when I came to Springfield, twenty miles north were the extreme northern settlers. All north of that was occupied by friendly Indians, but after the lead mines were discovered, at Galena, and settlers began to move up and work the mines, the Indians became troublesome. This was in 1827. Troops were mustered, under the command of Colonel T. M. Neal, who marched to Galena, to drive them off. I was elected Major. This was called the Winnebago campaign. A treaty was made at Prairie DuChien, and we were disbanded.

"In the Black Hawk War, of 1832, I went as a private. Our route was from Oquawka to the mouth of Rock river, thence up Rock river to the road crossing to Galena (now the city of Dixon). The army was commanded by General Atkinson, of the United States Army. Here we called a halt, and General Stillman's command advanced fifteen miles above, on Rock river. He met the Indians, had a battle, and a number of his men killed, and his command completely routed. We were ordered next day to the battle-field, and collected and buried the dead; then returned to Dixon and got news that some of the Indians went over to the outer settlement on the Illinois river, committed murder, and took two young girls prisoners. We then crossed over to the Illinois river to what is now known as Ottawa. The terui of service of this army havingexpired, they were mustered out. A call was made for volunteers from the disbanded army, to remain and protect the frontier until new troops could be enlisted. Several companies were organized for this service for twenty days. I was elected Captain of one of the companies, and felt proud of my company. They were men I could rely on, many being officers from the disbanded army. Among them were A Lincoln, late President; John T. Siuart, of Springfield, and others who afterward became prominent.

"My company was mustered into service by Lieutenant Anderson, Acting Adjutant (of Fort Sumter memory). My company was held in camp as a reserve, by General Atkinson, whilst others were scouting. Colonel Taylor, late President, was left stationed at Dixon, with two companies, to guard the road to Galena. One company was ordered to Dixon and to report to Colonel Taylor, but just as it got to Dixon, one man made his appearance and reported that he, with six others, were on the road to Galena, and not far from Dixon, the six weie killiMl, and he only, escaped. General Taylor ordered the captain to proceed, collect and bury the dead, and go on to Galena (Captain Snider, of Belleville, was a brave man), but the frightened men disobeyed the orders and returned to Ottawa, helt'-r-skelter.

"General Atkinson was anxious to get all the information possible of the whereabouts of the Indians, by the time the new troops were ready to march, and selected my company, which was ordered on the trip, and to report to Colonel Taylor. He ordered me to proceed, collect and bury the dead, and go on to Galena, making a careful search for Indian signs, to see if they were aiming to cross the Mississippi below Galena, and gather all possible information from inhabitants at Galena.

" On our route we saw signs of Indians, but not in large numbers. Fifteen miles this side of Galena, the inhabitants were in a fort, the dav before we got there they stole some horses and shot at some of the citizens. We then went to Galena and got all the information we could on our trip. All the houses were vacant and on our return all were burned.

"I married Malinda Benjamin in 1824; we had two children, Louisa E. and Thomas lies. My daughter died in 1857, my wife died in 1866 and my son died in 1877. After the death of my wife, I felt mentally and physically used up and quit all business, as much as I could."

Springfield Home Fob The Friendless

" It is better to give than to receive;" so said One " who spake as man never spake," and a blessing is bestowed upon everyone who bestows even a cup of cold water upon the thirsty soul. In every community may usually be found one or more who are willing to render all the aid in their power to the poor and unfortunate of the land. Springfield is no exception to this rule.

In the winter of 1862-63, Antrim Campbell applied to the legislature for an act to incorporate a board of lady managers for an institution to be known as the "Springfield Home for the Friendless." The act was duly passed and adproved February 12, 1863. The ladies named in the act, who were to serve as managers until the first Monday in January, 1864, were Mrs. Eliza Pope, Mrs. Mercy Conkling, Mrs. Louisa Draper, Mrs. Susan Cook, Mrs. Lydia Williams, Mrs. Elizabeth Bunn, Mrs. Harriet Campbell, Miss Ann Eastman, Mrs. Maria Lathrop, Mrs. Mary Hay, Mrs. Catherine Hickox, Mrs. Mary Ann Dennis, and Mrs. Elizabeth Matheny. The

The object of the Home, as stated in the charter, was for " relieving, aiding, and providing homes for the friendless and indigent women and children." It was provided that any person might become an annnal member by the payment of |1, and a life member by the payment of $10 at one time. The corporation is authorized to receive and hold, either by gift, purchase, devise, bequest, or otherwise, any real or personal estate, in aid of its objects. The Board of Managers is the legal guardian of all children placed in its charge, according to the charter, and may bind them out to any honorable trade or employment. The father, if living and crippled, may surrender his child to the Home. If he has absconded, or is otherwise incapable, the mother can make the surrender.

The first meeting under the act of incorporation was held at the residence of J. C. Conkling, on the 9th of March, 1863. At this meeting, both Judge Treat and Mr. Passfield declined the offices for which they had been named in the charter. Thereupon, S. H. Melvin and James Campbell were elected President and Vice President, respectively.

On the organization of the Board, steps were at once taken for procuring ground and building. Elijah lies donated an entire square on South Grand Aevnue, between Seventh and Eighth streets. A subscription was started, among the citizens, and |5,620 obtained. This was supplemented by a contribution from the city of |>2,000, and by the county of Sangamon of $5,000.

In the spring of 1864, a building committee was appointed, consisting of Antrim Campbell, John Williams, John S, Bradford, J. S. Vredenburg, John Armstrong and John A. Chesnut. At the request of this committee, E. E. Myers, architect, prepared a design and drawing for tbe building, which was duly approved. A description of the building may be found elsewhere in this work.

On the first of May, 1864, the managers opened "The Home" in a rented house on North Fifth street. Mrs. Nancy M. Britton was the first matron. About sixty children were received and most of them placed in homes during the first year. As soon as the building was completed, which was early in the year 1865, "The Home" was removed to it. The value of the ground was estimated at $8,000, and the entire cost of the building about $20,000.

In the year 1868, Mrs. K. E. Goodell asked and obtained leave to lay out the grounds into walks, and to ornament them with shrubbery - all of which was handsomely done. She was assisted in this good work by other citizens.

Western Union Telegraph

The first message received by telegraph in the city of Springfield, was in the year 1848. Then the business was in its infancy, and none realized the extent to which it would eventually grow. William Kelchner, agent of the Western Union Telegraph Company, took charge of the office in 1867, as the successor of John G. Connor. The predecessor of Mr. Connor was Fred G. Smith. The business has materially increased since Mr. Kelchner assumed management in this city. At that time there were but two wires terminating here, and four passing through, or six in all. The company then employed seven operators for general and railroad work. There are now twenty-one wires terminating or passing through the city, and twenty-six operators are actively engaged, twenty of whom are on railroad work, and six in the general office. Then they delivered from twenty-five to thirty messages per day; now they deliver from one hundred to one hundred and twenty-five, and send about as many. In 1867, it cost $6.40 to send a message to San Francisco; now it costs $1.00. Then it cost $2.40 to New York; now a message can be sent for twenty-five cents. A million words of press matter are sent from this office now in one year; then it would not aggregate more than fifteen thousand to eighteen thousand words per year. The business of Springfield has nearly doubled in two years, and it now ranks as the third office in magnitude of business in the State.

United States Express Company

An office was established in 1850 in this city by the United States Express Company, S. M. Tinsley being the first agent. Mr. Tinsley occupied the position two years. He was then succeeded by Simeon HoUiday, who was the first to make it an exclusive business, as Mr. Tinsley, being a merchant, did the express business as incidental matter. Both these gentlemen are now deceased. Mr. Holliday held the position until his death, which occurred February, 1868. The business was all done by the agent inMr. Holiday's time, excepting that he employed Patrick Daily, still a resident of the city in the private express business, to haul the express matter in a hand cart in the early part of his connection ; but after a year or two it became necessary to employ a horse and wagon. The express business has since grown until now it requires six horses, four wagons and nine men to do the work. Express matter is handled from eighteen trains every twenty-four hours.

American Express Company

A local office was first established in Springfield by the American Express Company in 1871, when the present Illinois Central Railroad come into the city. The company now operates over the Illinois Central and Ohio & Mississippi Railroads, and the business is now larger than ever before. The company now employs six men and run two wagons which connect with eight daily trains. The office ranks third in the State for the business of the company. Montgomery G. H|all is the local agent, and he has filled the position since December 1, 1879. Previous to that time he was assistant Superintendent, and had charge of the Springfield branch and main line of the Illinois Central and the St. Louis Division of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad and the Ohio & Mississippi, which position he held five years. He has been connected with the company in various capacities since 1869. He w^as born in Chicago in 1848. That city was chiefly his home till he came to Springfield. In 1879 he was married to May Garland, a native of Springfield, in the latter city. He is a member of Capital Lodge, Number 14, Knights of Pythias, and was Master of Exchequer in 1880.

The Public Schools of Springfield will compare favorably with any other city in the State, while its private schools are not surpassed ; but such was not always the case. In the earlier days, when its population was small and when the people were possessed of but little wealth, the educational facilities were not of the most magnificent description. No palatial school houses then reared their stately fronts w'ithin its borders; no School Board supervised the movements of the educators of youth, and no army of patient, toiling instiuctors were here.

The first school in Springfield was taught by Andrew Orr, in 1821, Erastus Wright followed him, and he was succeeded by Thomas Moffitt. The school at that time numbered about fifty pupils. His last term was in the old original court house. In 1828, a school house of rough logs was built near the corner of Adams and Second streets. This building also served for a church and other public purposes. John B. Watson taught here until 1834. In 1830, John Calhoun conducted a school in another part of the city. After that time several small private schools were established. Beaumont Parks taught a private school from 1840 to 1853. Harry C. Watson, in an article on the Public Schools, published in Power's History of Springfield, in 1871, says of Mr. Parks: " One of the earliest teachers who initiated those boys into the mysteries of reading and writing, and led them through the dark, mysterious ways of arithmetic and grammar, was Beaumont Parks, Esq., (forever sanctified be his memory.) Plain and simple as the most artless boy under his direction, he was one of the best, most honest, and conscientious of teachers. Filled with a love of his profession, imbued with a strong desire to instruct the heart and mind of the youth committed to his control, that they might walk aright the pathway of life, he labored faithfully and diligently to discharge his duty. Possessed of a fine cultured mind, and of attainments decidedly rare in those days, he pursued his unostentatious calling, asking not for public praise or high sounding plaudits, but only for the satisfaction of knowing he had discharged his duties faithfully and well. Some of our most influential and prominent citizens were his pupils, and the powerful influence of his teachings have been exerted, indeed, for good. Only a few weeks ago and he was called hence, full of honors and of years. And although he lives not, his deeds remain."

"Beaumont Parks was born January, 1775, in Norwich, Connecticut. He was an orphan at twelve years of age, and resolved to educate himself. In order t^) obtain the means to do so, he began trading with the French Canadians and Indians. He worked his way out, in company with his brother-in-law, Rev. Mr. Bacon, father of Rev. Leonard Bacon, D. D., of New Haven, Connecticut, through the rivers and lakes from Vermont to the region of the Georgian Bay and Lake Huron. As winter approached he commenced building a house with the intention of remaining in it until spring. He was discovered by Colonel Dunham, commander of the L^nited States Fort, at Michilimacinac. Colonel Dunham was astonished at seeing a boy of fourteen or fifteen years preparing to winter alone in that inhospitable region, and inquired what he was aiming to do. On being told by young Parks that he was trying to raise money to defray the expense of an education, Colonel Dunham offered him a home in his own family, with the promise of assisting him in his purpose. He accepted the kind proposition, went to the Fort and remained therebetween three and four years. During that time his savings amounted to about $80. Expressing his determination to set out for college. Colonel Dunham sent some friendly Indians to accompany him a portion of the distance. He traveled in a birch canoe through the upper lakes and portions of Canada, and thence east. When he had gone about twothirds of the distance, he was taken sick Avith small-pox, and was compelled to travel alone uulil he could find shelter, although he was then in a part of the country more or less settled by white men. At Montreal, a French Canadian took him in and nursed him for nearly a month, until he was able to pursue his journey. His savings were now reduced to about thirty dollars, but his hospitable friend would not receive anything for his trouble. His exhausted condition required the expenditure of more money, and when he arrived at his destination his money had all vanished. Notwithstanding so much time was lost, after a journey of one thousand six hundred miles, he found himself at Dartmouth College, a stranger, and destitute. Yet he boldly knocked at the doors of that institution of learning for admittance. That was about the year 1798. By diligent study while in the family of Colonel Dunham, he was enabled to teach the lower branches. He then made arrangements to continue teaching in summer and attend college in winter, and prosecuted his studies while teaching, so as not to fall behind in his class. He was thus enabled to defray his expenses, with some aid furnished by Colonel Dunham, and in that way went through college on equal terms with Daniel Webster, Levi Woodbury - the latter of whom was his classmate - and other world-wide celebrities. After passing through college he entered the law office of Judge Slade, of Middleburry, Vermont, and in due time w^as admitted to the bar. He was married in 1811, at Windsor, Vermont, to Nancy Conant. He soon acquired a large and lucrative practice, which he held for about ten years, when - however others might think - he became convinced that it was impossible to be a successful lawyer and a thoroughly honest man. That, with other causes, induced him to abandon his practice and move west. He left Vermont, and, in August, 1821, landed at Madison, Indiana, Avhere he opened an academy for the education of young men, which was one of the earliest institutions of the kind established west of the Allegheny mountains, and probably the first school in the State of Indiana where the Greek and Latin languages were taught. It was attended by many who have become distinguished at the bar, on the bench, and in the councils of the Nation, such as the Hendricks, Sullivans, Brights, Sheets, Cravens, and many others. After ten years' success in Madison, he was appointed Professor of Languages in the Indiana State University, at Bloomington, and was in that position about seven years. He came to Springfield, in the autumn of 1840, and at once opened a private school or academy, which was geneially supported by all the leading citizens, and many of the students have become distinguished in the learned professions, in politics and business. When the city schools of Springfield were organized on the present plan, he was the first superintendent, and continued teaching in Springfield for nearly twenty years, when old age caused him to relinquish his chosen field.

" Professor Parks continued active till the day of his death. He died April 8, 1870, without an hour of sickness, at the residence of his son, Judge S. C. Parks, in Lincoln, Illinois, and was buried in that place."

la 1829 but one school had been sustained in the place. During that year Miss Jane E. Bergen opened a school in her father's house, which she continued until the fall of 1832, At that time, a fatality, not entirely unknown to modern female teachers, overtook her - she was married. The school was continued under charge of a Mr. Chase, who was at the same time rector of the recently established Episcopal Church. He remained in the school about two years, and was followed by Mr. Clark, who continued until the summer of 1836. Thus, for six years, two A^ery good schools had been sustained, each numbering about sixty pupils. John Waters taught a school for a term, and also Caleb Williams, in 1838, About this time, several smaller schools were started by young ladies ; among others, one for misses, by Miss Chapin.

Thus far all schools had been sustained by individual effort. No good school house had been erected, and no attempt made to establish a permanent institution. It was evident that the growing wants of the community, its safety at home and its reputation abroad, demanded better educational advantages. Many of the prominent citizens felt this want, and determined to meet it. Accordingly, a joint stock company was organized, and an act to incorj^or- ate the Springfield Academy was approved March 1, 1839. In accordance with that act, the following named constituted the first Board of Trustees: Washington lies, F. Webster, Jr., S. T. Logan, John F. Rague, N. H. Ridgely, Robert Allen and Charles R. Matheny.

Under the auspices of this association, the Academy building was erected, Messrs. Town and Sill opened a school in this building before it was fully completed. They did not remain long, however, but were succeeded in the fall of 1840 by Rev. J. F. Brooks. For two years the school was open to both sexes, and then for a few months, until Mr. Brooks' connection with it ceased, only to females. From the spring of 1843 until the fall of 1853, this school was exclusively for females; first under the charge of Mr. AlJard, and then of Mr. Kimball. In 1844, Rev. Francis Springer took control of the school, on his own responsibility. He continued in charge until 1847, when he was succeeded by A. W. Estabrook. In the meantime, in the fall of 1844, Mr, Brooks had established a school for young ladies, at his own residence, on south Fifth street.

Public Schools

By the amended charter, approved March 2, 1854, the city of Springfield was placed in the Springfield school district, and the City Council authorized to establish and maintain free schools for the education of all white persons between the ages of five and twenty-one. The council was also empowered to "appoint seven inspectors to be denominated as the Board of School Inspectors, and to prescribe their duties,"

In accordance with this charter, an ordinance was passed, August 21, 1854, defining the powers of the School Board, and dividing the city into school districts.

Lots had already been purchased in each ward for school purposes, and the initiatory steps taken for the erection of school bnildings in the First and Third Wards. These buildings were completed in the spring of 1856.

" The Board of School Inspectors take pleasure in announcing to the public that the schools in the First and Third Wards will be opened on the 14th of this month, and that they are now ready to receive applications for the admission of pupils, according to the ordinance of the city in relation thereto. By order of the City Council, the First and Fourth Wards are constituted one district, to be styled the First

District, and the Second and Third Wards another, styled the Third District. Tho-e who are desirous of gaining admission for pupils, in their respective wards, must obtain certificates for that purpose from members of the Board."

On the 14th, the schools commenced - the one in the First Ward, under charge of Rev. Francis Springer, and that in the Third Ward, under A. W. Estabrook.

During the first term of the schools, which was the last term of the school year, there were registered seven hundred and thirty-nine pupils. At the close of the term the Principils, and most of their accociates, were elected for the ensuing year. Additional accommodations for schools were provided, in the basements of the Baptist and First Presbyterian churches.

According to the report of the Secretary of the School Board, there were enrolled during the year 1856-7 eight hundred and seventeen pupils.

At a meeting of the Board, held July 16, 1857, it was determined to confine instructions in the ward schools to the common English branches, and to recommend the establishment of a central high school, in which the higher English branches and the languages should be studied.

For the year 1857-8 Volney Hickox was elected Principal of the First Ward, A. W. Estabrook, of the Third Ward, and Beaumont Parks of the High School. February 6, 1858, Mr. Hickox presented his resiguation to the Board, and A. M. Brooks was elected to fill the vacancy. During the last term of that year there were enrolled eight hundred and fifty-three pupils.

In the spring and summer of 1858 buildings for the ward schools were erected in the Second and Fourth "Wards, at an expense of $10,000 each, and on the 20th of September, 1858, free schools were opened in each of the four Avards of the city. Twenty-two teachers were employed.

In November, 1858, on recommendation of the Board of School Inspectors, an ordinance was adopted by the Common Council creating the office of School Superintendent. S. M. Cutcheon was appointed to till the position.

The first annual report of the Superintendent was made in the summer of 1859. It is very full and complete, and his recommendations wise and beneficial. From the report it was learned that there were enrolled one thousand four hundred and seventy-six pupils, with an average number belonging of nine hundred and eightyseven, and an average attendance of seven bundred and ten. The following were the salaries of

The salary of female teachers who might be regained was to be increased |25 per annum for four years. The salary of each male teacher who might be retained was to be increased $50 per annum.

S. M. Cutcbeon was re-appointed Superintendent for 1859-60, and his second annual report shows a gratifying increase in attendance, there being enrolled one thousand six hundred and thirty-nine, against one thousand fotir hundred and seventy-six the year previous, while the average number belonging, one thousand one hundred and ninety, against nine hundred and eighty -seven in 1858-9. The accommodations for pupils was altogether insufficient.

Rev. Francis Springer was appointed Superintendent for the year 1860-61. In his report for the year he made many valuable sitggestions, and gave the following account of the buildings then in use:

"The First Ward cchool building is situated on Mason, between Twelfth and Thirteenth streets. The lot is 320 feet fronting on Mason, by 157 feet each on Twelfth and Thirteenth. The building is of brick and two stories high. The lower floor contains four good school rooms, capable of accommodating in all one hundred and eighty pupils. The second story embraces one large hall, two recitation rooms, and two small rooms suitable for library and apparatus. Its capacity is for the accommodation of one hundred and forty-four pupils, making for the entire building, accommodations for three hundred and twenty-four pupils. Cost of ground and improvements, about $12,000.

"The Second Ward school house is also on Mason street, between First and Second streets. The lot is three hundred and fifty feet fronting on Mason, and one hundred and fifty-seven feet, each, on First and Second. The building is of brick, and is three stories high. When completed, its capacity for pupils will be about four hundred. Cost of grounds and improvements, about $12,000.

"The Third Ward school house, situated on the corner of Edwards and Spring streets, occupies a lot measuring three hundred and twenty feet on Edwards, and one hundred and fourteen on Spring street. This building is in all respects after the same pattern as that of the First Ward, and, together with its grounds, cost about the same amount of money.

"The Fourth Ward school house, on the corner of Market and Twelfth streets, is constructed precisely on the same model as that of the Second Ward. The size of the lot is two hundred and forty feet on Market, by one hundred and fifty-seven feet on Twelfth. The expenditure of grounds and improvements, as also the capacity of the house are the same as that of the Second Ward."

The High School occujjied a building on Fifth street, between Monroe and Market, while the colored children were compelled to atlend school in a shanty in the rear of the African church, on North Fourth street. This African school was established the year previous, under Mr. Cutcheon's administration. Says Superintendent Springer of it in his first report: "Humble as it is, the school it contains has furnished the most satisfactory evidence of the capacity and aptitude of the colored children to acquire the rudiments of a good education. In rapidity of advancement and propriety of behavior, these youthful descendants of the African race compare very advantageously with the more favored children of Caucasian blood." The number enrolled this year was one thousand, six hundred and nine. A, M. Brooks was the Principal in the High School.

The war for the Union having commenced, Mr. Springer resigned the Superintendency, and J. D. Low was appointed to fill the vacancy. There were enrolled during the year, two thousand and forty pupils, with an average number belonging of one thousand three hundred and twenty-four, and an average attendance of one thousand one hundred and thirty-three. Considerable trouble was experienced in the proper gradation of the schools, but an efi^ort was made to improve the sj^stem. During the year the members of the school succeeded in collecting a library of over four hundred volumes, and as stated by the Superintendent, the books were also used. He recommended an annual appropriation for the purpose of procuring new books for the library.

For the school year 1862-3, J. D. Low was continued as Superintendent, with A. M. Brooks as Principal of the High School. Thirty-one teachers were employed. The entire cost of the schools were $17,845,60.

J. D. Low was le-appointed Superintendent for the year 1863-4. The whole number of pupils admitted this year was two thousand two hundred and sixty-four, with an average number belonging of one thousand four hundred and twenty-eight, and an average attendance of one thousand three hundred and eighty-four. The Superintendent, in his report, says: "While we have not accomplished all that we hoped, we have yet made substantial progress."

A. M. Brooks was made Superintendent for the year 1863-4, and submitted his first annual report iu the summer of 1865. The whole number of pupils enrolled was two thousand two hundred and ninety-four, with an average number belonging of one thousand four hundred and seventy, and an average attendance of one thousand four hundred and one; a better record than any previous year. The City Council at last waked up to the necessity of making an appropriation for a High School building, and one was erected, an honor to the city.

The Springfield High School building is situated on the corner of Fourth and Madison streets. The building is seventy-five feet long, fifty-eight feet wide and three stories high, with basement for furnaces, fuel rooms and other purposes. The walls are brick, eighteen and one-half inches thick with corners of dressed stone. The foundations are of stone, two feet thick. Two projections 25x14 feet contain the stairways. There are two entrances, one on Fourth street, the other on Madison, affording easy access to all parts of the building. The school rooms, six in number, are of ample size, well lighted, heated by wood furnaces, and well provided with blackboards. The floors are deafened, and a truss is placed under each, giving great firmness and strength. A Mansard roof, made of slate and tin, and self-supporting, allowed the construction of a large and commodious chapel in the third story of the building. It is a fine hall, well lighted and ventilated. Its size is Y2x55 feet, twenty-three feet high, giving abundant room for the public exercises of the school, and also for lectures and meetings of every kind connected with the public schools of the city. Two entrances enable the audience co enter or leave the chapel with great facility. The rooms are furnished with single desks of the most approved pattern and best material.

The High School building, together with additions to the Second and Fourth Ward School buildings, afforded ample accommodations for eight hundred more pupils.

The whole number of pupils enrolled in 1865-6 was two thousand five hundred and fifty-two; average number belonging, one thousand seven hundred and twelve; average number attending, one thousand five hundred and ninety-three.

In 1866-7, the salaries of the teachers were raised, the Principal of the High School receiving $1500 per year, and the Principal of the ward schools each $1250; Thomas York, the Principal of the coloi'ed school, $900. The assistants in High School each received $700; and those in ward schools from $350 to $500; generally the latter sum.- The number of pupils enrolled, two thousand eight hundred and seventy; average number belonging, two thousand and thirty-one; average attending, nineteen hundred and fourteen. There was expended this year for school purposes, $642,814.41. The library was increased this year, by a donation of several hundred volumes, from the Springfield Library Association. The grade of the ward schools was raised this year somewhat, which relieved the High School of a large number of pupils too immature for the requirements usually required from those who pursue academical studies.

The colored school was also furnished with a suitable building, and provided with furniture equal to the best in the ward schools. The Superintendent recommended the erection of suitable buildings for primary schools.

The whole number of pupils enrolled in 1867-8, was thirty-one hundred and six; average number belonging, twenty-one hundred and sixty; average number attending, twenty hundred and forty, and the per cent, of attendance, nine hundred and forty-four. There was expended this year for school purposes, $36,317.86. Complaint was made by the Superintendent, of the way the City Council used school funds.

In the report of Superintendent Brooks for the year 1868-9, says: " The past year has been one of success with many of the teachers, who have labored diligently in preparation for the class-room, in carrying out more fully, methods already known, and introducing improved plans of instruction. The expenditures this year amounted to $34,029.85. The whole number enrolled this yeai-, for some cause, was less than the previous, being two thousand seven hundred and thirteen; average number belonging, two thousand and forty-eight; average attending, one thousand nine hundred and forty-seven. The hall in the High School building was fitted np by the pupils so that exhibitions could be given without incurring extra expense, and the pupils of the ward schools were invited to give their future exhibitions in this hall. Benjamin C. Suesseratt was Principal of the High School this yeai'."

In March, 1869, the legislature passed an act vesting in a Board of Education, consisting of nine members, "All the rights, powers and privileges, in relation to schools, school property, real or personal, or school funds, now vested in the City Council of the city of Springfield." The Board of Education was required to certify to the City Council in June each year, the amount of money needed and required for school purposes for the fiscal year, commencing the first Monday in September succeeding each report. The City Council was then required to levy and collect the amount of money so reported, by taxation, and the Board of Education alone, through its proper officers, were permitted to expend it. The first Board of Education consisted of Rev. Francis Springer, President; Rev. J. K. McLean, B. M. Griflith, William E. Shutt, T. W. Dresser, A. L. Knapp, John L. Million, C. A. Helmle, Charles Ridgely.

Samuel Willard was Superintendent for the year 1869-70, Mr. Brooks declining a re-election. Mr. Willard's report was made in the summer of 1870. There were enrolled this year two thousand six hundred and thirty-seven pupils. Rev. Edwin P.Frost was the Principal of the High School. The graduating class this year consisted of twenty-one young ladies and gentlemen. The expenses of the school this year were $44,211.33.

For the year 1871-2, J. C. Bennett was retained as Superintendent, with A. M. Brooks Principal of the High School. There were forty-six teachers employed, and the total expenditures were $41,792.05. The whole number of pupils was two thousand five hundred and ninetythree ; average number belonging, one thousand nine hundred and fifty-nine ; average number attending, one thousand eight hundred and sixty-three.

In 1872-3 the same teachers, including Superintendent, and Principal of High School, were generally employed. The expenditures this year were $50,483.03, of which $32,481.84 was for salaries. The schools were considered prosperous.

J. C. Bennett was unanimously re-elected Superintendent for 1873-4, by the Board of Education, at their regular meeting, but declining the position, at a subsequent meeting A. M. Brooks was elected, with the understanding that he should remain Principal of the High School. Mr. Brooks' report for the year is very full and complete. There were two thousand six hundred and nineteen pupils enrolled ; average number belonging, one thousand nine hundred and fiftynine ; average attending, one thousand nine hundred and two. The expenditures this year were $53,345.03, of which $30,404.01 was for teachers, janitors. Superintendent and clerk. The library now numbers three thousand volumes.

For the year 1874-5, A. M. Brooks was again elected Superintendent, and F. R. Feithans, Principal of the High School. They were both re-elected for the year 1875-6.

The eighteenth annual report of the Superintendent shows two thousand six hundred and sixteen enrolled for the year ending June, 1876; average number belonging, two thousand and thirty-four; average attending, one thousand nine hundred and seventy-seven. The per cent, of the registered number attending was 75.6. This was the best showing in the history of the schools

The City Schools sent to the Centennial Exposition nine volumes ol written work - seven Irom the Ward Schools and two from the High School. The Second Ward School sent a volume of maps, and the Third Ward two volumes of drawings; two volumes of school reports and two of amateur papers by the pupils of the High School were also sent, making sixteen volumes in all.

The money paid for the paper and binding, together with the amount assessed upon the city, to bear the expenses of the educational department of Illinois at Philadelphia, was obtained by an exhibition given by the pupils of the Ward Schools. The teachers and scholars exerted themselves to gain a fair position among the schools of the country, and favorable reports of their success were received from visitors who had compared the work of our schools with that sent from other cities.

The enrollment for 1876^-7 was two thousand five hundred and fifty-nine, with an average number belonging of two thousand one hundred and ninteen; average attending, two thousand and fifty-eight; percent, of registered members attending, eighty and four-tenths, a very gratifying increase.

As usual, a large audience of the friends of the schools assembled to hear the graduating exercises of the senior class of the High School. Miss Lillie Washburn delivered the salutatory and Mr. Charles Wilson the valedictory. The names of the class, their grades and the programme used on the occasion, will be found in another place. No abatement of the interest shown in former years was perceived, and the efficiency of the public school system was attested by the number and character of the friends who were present.

The most noted event of the year was the formation of the Alumni Association of the High School. This body was regularly organized, and at the close of the year public exercises, such as are usual on such occasions, were held. An oration was delivered by Mr, George E. Dawson, of the class of 1864, a poem recited by Mrs. F. J. Janness (Miss Fedora J. Robinson), and a biographical sketch of the members was also read by Mrs. Laura J. Johnson (Miss Laura J. Clinton), both of the class of 1865. The oration, poem and sketch were ordered to be printed by the society. After the literary exercises were concluded, the members repaired to the Leland Hotel, where a sumptuous repast awaited them. Regular toasts were given and responded to by Messrs. McNeil, McClernand, Patton, Rourke, Kane, Feitshans and Brooks. The friends of the school regarded this association with much favor, and expect that in the future the influence of the society will be felt in promoting the cause of education in our city.

"The whole number enrolled is two thousand seven hundred and seventy-six ; the average number belonging two thousand three hundred and three and three-tenths; the average number attending, two thousand two hundred and fiftytbree and nine-tenths; and there are nine hundred and seventy-two tardy marks. The per cent, of the registered number attending is eighty-one and two tenths, that is, more than four-fifths of the whole number enrolled were in constant attendance. The per cent, of the average number belonging attending, is ninety-seven and nine-tenths, and the per cent, of tardiness is eleven one hundredths. There is a gain in the registered number of two hundred and seventeen; in the average number belonging, of one hundred and ei^ty-four and five-tenths, and in the average number attending, of one hundred and ninety-five and nine-tenths. There are ninety-one fewer cases of tardiness, with an increase of over two hundred pupils. The books in which the permits for re-entrance are recorded, show a great advance in this important matter of attendance. These books cover a period of nine years, and the contrast between the number of permits issued last year, and the number for 1871-2, is very striking. In a few of the best schools of our country a better attendance is found, and this fact will cause the faithful teacher to thoroughly canvass every aase of absence, and thus bring one of the chief obstacles to the pupil's progress within the narrowest limits possible."

"The past year has been one of quiet progress. An effort has been made to advance in every direction as far as possible, and to allow no retrograde movement. No special effort has been attempted, and the examinations have been held with a view to have each division of the couise of study thoroughly mastered.

" The attendance at the schools has been good, as is shown by the following statements. The number on the annual register is two thousand seven hundred and seventy-six; the average number belonging, two thousand one hundred and seventy-one; the average number attending is two thousand one hundred and foureen; and there are eight hundred and seventy-eight tardinesses on the rolls. In many departments, the attendance is excellent, in a few there is still room for improvement."

"The attendance during the past year was diminished, and the efficiency of the schools considerably impaired, by the absence of many pupils who left school on account of the scarlet fever in the city. But for this reason, quite an increase of numbers would have been reported.

" The whole number of pupils enrolled is two thousand seven hundred and forty ; the average number belonging is two thousand and sixtynine; the average number attending is two thousand and two, and the number of tardy marks, eight hundred and eighty-two.

"The whole amount expended was $31,955.09; the whole amount of scrip redeemed was $48,- 131.06. A debt of -fil 6,175.97 was paid, quite a number of repairs made, and a balance of $1,512.72 left in the treasury at the close of the fiscal year. The teachers and other employes of the Board were paid promptly at the end of

The school property, before the close of the year, was put in good repair. About all that can be done for the building now in use, has been accomplished. The fact is patent to all who have taken pains to be informed on the subject, that the present accommodations fall far short of what is imperatively needed; and that we should have larger school rooms, properly heated, lighted and ventilated. While great improvements have been made in almost everything else, most of our school rooms are no better than those in use a quarter of a century ago. The modern furniture placed in the First, Second, Third and Fourth Ward schools during the present year, forms a striking contrast with the antiquated and nondescript affairs used as desks in most of the schools. The children cannot be accommodated any longer with even the poor seats so long in use, and a large amount of money as has been stated several times before in previous reports, is annually wasted, because the rooms in the lower grades are not large enough to seat as many pupils as a primary teacher is able to instruct. Measures will doubtless be taken during the coming year, to obtain the improvements demanded by the wants of the pupils, and a proper regard for the economical disbursement of the funds raised for the support of schools. The Superintendent, Andrew M. Brooks, and Principal of the High School, Professor Feitshans, were retained for the years 1880-81, as well as the greater number of teachers in the ward schools. As showing the present condition of the schools, the twenty-third annual report of the Superintendent is dravv'n on pretty liberally. In his report, he says:

"The whole number of pupils registered during the past year was two thousand seven hundred and ninety-two; the average number belonging, two thousand one hundred and fifty and fourtenths; the average number attending, two thousand seventy-eight and two-tenths; and the number of tardinesses, one thousand one hundred and seventy-three. The figures show a gain oyer last year in the number of pupils attending. The attendance of the different schools is given in he table below, and in another place, the atendauce of each school is given in detail, preenting the standing of each district, in this paricular, for each month of the school year:

School

"The whole amount expended for the support of thecity schools was 136,181.34. The receipts amounted to $37,242.18, and the balance on hand is $3,882,83.

" The following table shows the amount paid for tuition alone, and also the entire expenditure in each school. For the purpose of comparison, the table taken from the report of 1880 is also given:

" This table shows that the amount paid for tuition is about the same as it was last year, but the general expenditure has increased considerably. This increase was caused by the extensive repairs rendered necessary on account of so small an amount being expended for this purpose for several years, the finances of the board not allowing a greater appropriation than was suflicient for the preservation of the property, and even that was not fully done, some of the fences and other wood-work, for the want of paint, being badly injured.

"The cost per annum for each pupil attending, fortuition alone, is 111.43. The entire cost for each pupil is $17.40. The cost for tuition in the High School is $34.48. The entire cost in the High School for each pupil attending is $52.68.

"The teachers' meeting was convened regularly, as in the preceding year. No pains was spared in the attempt to make the meeting a success. The discussions and other topics presented in the programmes, were such as were deemed, for the time being, most profitable to the teachers and the schools. To make these meetings affaiis of mere enjoyment and entertainment, seems desirable to some who appear to forget that the sole design of the Institution is to improve the members in the art of teaching. To present topics of practical value in the school-room should be the sole aim of those conducting the exercises. The points to be discussed should be made as interesting as possible, and this will not be a difficult matter, if the object requiring the teachers to assemble be fully understood.

"The closing exercise of the school year, the graduation of the Senior Class of the High School, was held at the Opera House on Friday, June 17. The following young ladies and gentlemen received their diplomas from Dr. Albert H. Trapp, the President of the Board: Lizzie C. Armstrong, Benita Berry, Maggie E. Cobbs, William D. Carpenter, Alice Dallman, Fred. E. Dodds, Henry A. Johnson, Anna Poffenbarger, Edwin A. Reece, Helen Saunders, Clara W. Staley, Katie L. Ulrich, Florence Whipple and Willis F. Wright.

"Fred. E. Dodds delivered the salutatory, and Miss Florence Whipple the valedictory. A full programme of the exercises will be found in another part of the report. As usual, a large and attentive audience testified by their presence their interest in the public schools.

" This is the twenty-first class. The names of three hundred and forty-fire graduates are found on the roll of the alumni of the High School. Of this number, one hundred and nineteen are gentlemen, and two hundred and twentv-eight are ladies. As far as we can learn, all are usefully employed. It has been our good fortune to sign over three hundred diplomas presented to those who have finished the course of study of this school, and it is with much satisfaction that we note the fact that not one of these testimonials is in the possession of a worthless character. To promote the thoroughness of the school, allowing no unworthy person to take a place among its alumni, should be the earnest aim of those who are intrusted with the care of the institution.

" We think that the teachers as a class may be justly commended for an earnest and successful discharge of their duties. In their work they have given prominence, as they should, to the instruction of their classes, and in this they were especiallj^ successful, as was evinced by the careful, searching examinations which their pupils passed with more than ordinary credit. The range of the questions was sufficiently wide, and enough time was taken to show with accuracy the attainments of the scholars. At the close of these examinations it was a source of gratification to the Superintendent to reward the labor of the teacher, as far as he was able, by commending the class for the good standing acquired, in most cases, by diligent study.

"The last day of the fiscal year was signalized by the canceling of all outstanding warrants, leaving, as the financial statement shows, a handsome balance in the treasury. The teachers and others holding the obligations of the board were promptly paid throughout the year, insuring the ready, cheerful action Avhich always attends the cash system."

In the summer of 1881 F. R. Feitshans, A. M., was elected Superintendent by the Board of Education, and now fills the position. The schools are in a flourishing condition, with every prospect of good work in the future as in the past. The following named constitute the corps of teachers now employed:

High School

Almost since the organization of the graded system, the teachers of the public schools of the city have had regular meetings, when they discussed all matters pertaining to the government and success of their schools. Great good has resulted fron? these meetings, and the efficiency of the teachers is in a great measure due to the information obtained at these institutes.

Graduates Of The High School

It is but due to the young ladies and gentlemen who have graduated from the high school in this city since its organization, should be given in this connection. Among the names will be recognized several occupying prominent positions in society at the present time. The following embraces a complete list.

Class Of 1875

Lizzie Hughes, Anna A. Hannon, Lucy A. Montgomery, Anna L. Power, Carrie B. Phillips, Nellie W. Queenan, Ella M. Rippon, Lizzie Schlitt, Amanda A. White.

Class

As a specimen of the class songs of the graduating classes of the High School, the following are given: the first being by the class of 1873, and the latter by the class of 1875:

Class Op '73

Chorus - School-mates all, farewell, farewell, May each life-path shining be; May Fame's loudest pseans swell, For the Class of Seventy-three.

Full oft in fancy's rosy light, These scenes will rise to view; And many a retrospection bright, Will thrill our hearts anew. As low, sweet echoes of a song,

Commemorative Exercises

On the death of President Garfield, the High School held commemorative exercises, in which were read or recited selections from his speeches on facts in relation to his life, according to the following programme:

Spirit Of The Press, Continued

New York Herald - Read by Charles Opel. New York Tribune - Read by Laura Snyder. Boston Herald - Read by Mary Rhoads. A Heavy Day - By Nora Cook and Emma Billington.

The Present School Year

The registered number of pupils is, two thousand five hundred and twenty-two ; average number belonging, two thousand three hundred and twenty-seven ; average number attending, two thousand two hundred and forty-six ; per cent, of attendance, ninety-six and four-tenths ; number of tardy marks, one hundred and fortyfour; per cent, of tardiness, fifteen hunredths.

Rev. John F. Brooks

In connection with the educational history of Springfield, a sketch of Rev. J. F. Brooks is in place, as he has had longer connection with the schools of the place than any other man. The quotation is made from Power:

"Rev. John F. Brooks was born December 3, 1801, in Oneida county, N. Y. His parents were of New England origin, but emigrated to New York in 1792, when the whole region was a forest, with here and there a small settlement. Mr. Brooks graduated at Hamilton College, in that county, in 1828, and afterwards studied three years in the theological department of Yale College, New Haven, Connecticut. He was ordained to the gospel ministry by Oneida Presbytery, in the autumn of 1831, and was married soon after to a daughter of Rev. Joel Bradley. They immediately left for Illinois, under a commission from the American Home Missionary Society, They traveled by canal, lake and stage to Pittsburg, thence by steamboat, down the Ohio river to New Albany, Indiana. Any route to Illinois by the way of Chicago, in those days, was not to be thought of, as that place was just emerging from the condition of an Indian trading station. At New Albany Rev. Mr. Brooks purchased a horse and 'Dearborn,' as it was then called, which was a one-horse wagon with stationary cover. In this they continued their journey, crossing the Wabash river at Vincennes. After passing a skirt of timber on the west side, they entered the first prairie of Illinois, in the midst of a furious storm. They were far from any house, with only the carriage as a protection, and that in danger of being upset by the gale. They weathered the storm, however, by turning the back of their carriage to it, but the prairie was covered with water, and they conld only discern the path by observing where the grass did not rise above the water. They sought a house to dry their garments, and that night arrived at Lawrenceville, where Rev. Mr. B. preached his tirst sermon in Illinois, the next day being Sabbath. About three days after they arrived at Vandalia, the State Capital, having been five weeks on the way from the vicinity of Utica, New York. After visiting several towns and villages, Rev. Mr. Brooks located for the winter at Collinsville, in the southern part of Madison county, preaching, alternately, there and at Belleville. In the spring of 1832 he moved to the latter place, where he continued five years, preaching there, and at several other points in St. Clair and Monroe counties.

About the second year of his residence at Belleville, he and his wife opened a school, which increased so rapidly they emj^oyed an assistant. They taught all grades, from A, B, C, to the classics and higher mathematics. Several attended that school, who afterwards entered the halls of legislation, and other departments of public lile. In 1837, Mr. Brooks was chosen Principal of a Teachers' Seminary, which benevolent individuals were endeavoring to establish in Waverly, Morgan county. He taught there with success, but the general embarrassment of the country, caused by the financial disasters of 1837, compelled the relinquishment of that enterprise. During the time he was teaching he endeavored to preach one sermon every Sabbath, but the double labor induced bronchial affection, from which he has never fully recovered. In 1840, Mr. B. was called to Springfield to take charge of an academy for both sexes, though in different apartments, to be taught in a new brick edifice erected for that purpose on the west side of Fifth street, between Monroe and Market. Here he continued his labors, with the aid of two assistants, for two years and a half. Many persons now prominent in business or in domestic life, received a portion of their education there. After this he labored for two years under direction of Presbytery, supplying vacant churches in this and adjoining counties. His health was now much impaired, and designing light labor, he opened a school for young ladies, in a small room near his own house- The applications soon outran the size of the room, which he enlarged, and his wife again assisted him. His school increased, his health improved, and he purchased the property on the corner of Fifth and Edwards streets, re-arranging ihe two-story frame building internally to suit the purposes of a school. This he opened as a Female Seminary, the autumn of 1849, with three assistants, and Mrs. Brooks in charge of the primary dapartment, held in the room he previously occupied. In addition to the usual course, Mr. Brooks added drawing, painting and music; two pianos were introduced, and this is believed to have been the first effort at teaching music in the schools of Springfield. This seminary prospered for four years, when Mrs. Brooks' health failed, and it became necessary to clof-e the institution. Since her death in 1860, Rev. Mr. Brooks has devoted a large part of his time to hearing classes, and giving private lessons.

He was one of seven young men who banded together, while in their theological course in New Haven, for the establishment of a college in this State. Illinois College, at Jacksonville, is the result of their exertions. Mr. Brooks has been one of its trustees from the first.

He relates, as an illustration of the change of times in attending Presbytery in the State since he entered it, that a clergyman in those days must have his horse and saddle as certainly as his Bible and hymn book. The settlements were remote from each other, and a ride of three or four days to a meeting of Presbytery was a common experience. Once, in attending such a meeting, Mr. Brooks traveled in an easterly direction srom Belleville, for two or three days, and found a sparse settlement, mostly of log cabins. They had erected a frame church building and roofed it, without siding or floor, with only a few rough boards for seats. The Presbytery opened its sessions, several sermons were preached, the sacrament administered, but rain came on before that body adjourned, and they moved to a private house, with only one room and a small side apartment. At meal time. Presbytery adjourned, that the table might be spread, and after evening service six or seven members lodged in the same room, on beds spread on the floor. People, in sustaining re ligious worship under such circumstances, made as great sacrifices, according to their means, as those who build their $50,000 churches do now. At this meeting, Mr. Brooks was entertained at a cabin where the only light admitted was through an open door, or one or two sheets of oiled paper, in place of glass windows. He met a man, however, in that settlement, from his native town, in New York, and he had two glass windows; but his neighbors thought him extravagant and somewhat aristocratic, to indulge in

Mr. Brooks and Elizabeth C. Bradly were married in 186;^. Mrs. Brooks now carries on a select school for young ladies and misses, on South Fifth street, being assisted by Mr. Brooks.

Ursuline Convent

a chartered Educational Institute founded and carried on by Ursuliue Nuns, members of an order founded in Italy, by St. Angela of Brescia, in the sixteenth century, for the education of youth. The order is a very widely extended one, having atleastfive hundred houses throughout the world, with a membership of 25,000 persons.

Three Ursuline ladies, well-known in this city, as Mother Joseph Tonelfe, Mother Charles Molony and Mother De Sales Coleman first came to this county (on the invitation of Right Reverend Junker, D.D., Bishop of Alton.) in 1857. They first rented and occupied for some time, what the old settlers will remember as the Franklin House; afterwards purchased the property of Mr. Britton on the corner of Sixth and Mason streets. Although having but poor and small accommodations, their schools were filled to their utmost capacity by rich and poor, and many ladies of this and other States now occupying high social stations, remember with loving veneration, the small class-rooms, dormitories, and reflectories of the "Old Convent."

In 1867, the Nuns, with their pupils, removed to their present beautiful Convent, just outside the city, in the midst of a magnificent grove. The building is of brick, 103x67 feet, three stories high, with a basement and attic, and erected at a cost of $70,000. The rooms are all very lofty and spacious, the class-rooms being fourteen feet in height. The building is heated by a steam furnace; hot and cold waters are supplied in each story. Splendid bath rooms, fine recreation and dining halls, as well as well ventilated dormitories, leave nothing to be desired in point of healthfulness, and the quality of tuition and proverbially gentle mode of treatment, makes it an institution eminently suited for the purposes ol education.

The Convent is surmounted by a fine belfry, commanding a view of the city and its environs. It contains a large bell of mellow, musical tone.

The Convent is supplied with a more than ordinary cabinet, containing some five hundred specimens, contributed mostly by friends. The walls are adorned with some fine paintings, one especially, the work of an old master, brought from Rome and presented by Rev. 11. D. Junkers. The worker's tapestry is especially fine, representing on a large scale historical and poetical subjects. The apparatus for teaching the sciences is very good.

To the Convent is attached a chapel, formerly presided over by Rev. T. J. Cowley, who died at the Convent, January 12, 1881, much lamented by all. The position is now filled by Rev. B. W. Alne, a clergyman of high intellectual endowments and a graduate of one of the most celebrated German Universities.

Many of the early members have departed this life, but the venerable Mother Joseph presides over it as Lady Superior. Mother Joseph is a pupil of the famous Ursaline Convent, of Black Rock, Cork, Ireland. She commenced her vows in the Charleston, South Carolina Cathedral, in 1835, the event having been taken by the celebrated Benjamin West as a subject for a picture now in the Gallery of Art in Washington, D. C. There are at present twenty-six members in the institution. This Convent has branch houses at Jerseyville and Petersburg, of this State, having charge of an aggregate ot two hundred and fifty pupils, making the total number of pupils under charge of Springfield Roman Catholic Ursalin© Convent, four hundred and fifty-eight.

Objects Of Interest In Convent

A curious little work of art repesenting the first Convent of the Order in Quebec, founded by Mother Mary, of the Incarnation; surnamed by Bossuet the "Teresa of New France." The Convent and surroundings are made of the bark of an old elm, under tbe shade of which the saintly lady taught the children of the Iroquois and and Algouquins Indians as early as 1680. The

Religious

Springfield can boast of some handsome church edifices, though none of them very costly, and probably has as many regular church-going people as any city of its size. In this connection are given historical sketches of nearly all the congregations. Imperfect records sadly interfere with the historian's work.

First Methodist Episcopal

A society was organized in this city some time in 1821, by Rev. James Simms, a good man in every respect, and possessing the qualities that made men popular at that early day. The society was small, and its meetings were held in the cabins of its members.

Among the first Methodists who settled here was Charles R. Matheny,who arrived here in the spring of 1821. His house for several years was a preaching place and home for Methodist itinerants. The organization of the church was kfpt up from the commencement - the circuit preachers filling the appointment every two weeks. Rev. Peter Cartwright preached quite often in 1825. There being no regular place of worship, the society did not grow very rapidly until the summer of 1829, when the old log school house was built.

In 1829, the members of the society determined to make an effort to erect a church, and a subscription was started for that purpose and circulated among the citizens generally. Pascal P. Enos subscribed $50, and told the trustees they could take their choice between that amount of ready money and two city lots, the same now occupied by the church on the corner of Monroe and Fifth streets. The trustees were divided in opinion, some thinking it best to take the money and others the lots, having no idea that the lots would be worth more than |50 in a few years. It was finally decided to take the lots, which were accordingly donated to the society by Mr. Euos. A frame church was erected upon one of the lots in the summer of 1830 and dedicated the following winter. It was used until the completion of the present building.

In 1833, under the ministration of Rev. Smith L. Robinson, quite a revival took place, and a large number of persons were converted. This was a marked era in the history of Methodism in Springfield, for the influence of the revival was such as to place the society upon a permanent basis. Up to this time the society had been supplied with preaching by the circuit preachers, in connection with the Sangamon circuit, but feeling themselves strong enough to form a separate charge, it was so formed in 1834. Rev. Joseph Edmundson was the first minister after the charge was organized, with the following named Stewards: Eiiraund Roberts, Charles R. Matheny, John Dickey, Jacob M. Early and Edward J. Phillips. Mr. Edmundson is kindly remembered by old settlers at this day. He remained in charge one year, and was succeeded by Rev. Hooper Crews, who remained two years, and whose labors were attended with great success - the church nearly or quite doubling its members during that time. He was followed by Rev. Peter Akers, who left at the end of his first year, and was succeeded by Rev. John T. Mitchell, who left the church prosperous. Rev. Orceneth Fisher came next, and remained one year.

In the fall of 1841, Rev. Jonathan Stamper became the pastor. He remained two years during which time an interesting revival took place. Rev. W. S. Crissey was the next preacher, being succeeded at the expiration of one year by Rev. John P. Richmond, who remained the same length of time. His two immediate successors were Revs. Chauncy Hobartand John S. Bargar.

In 1847, Rev. James F. Jacquess became pastor of the church. Under his preaching an extensive revival took place, and many were converted. He was returned in 1848, but left before the expiration of the year to take charge of the Female College at Jacksonville. The remainder of his term was finished by Eev. W. T. Bennett. During the next three years Revs. Calvin W, Lewis and Robert E. Guthrie were jiastors of the church. The last named was followed by Rev. Thomas Magee in October, 1862, up to which time the old frame church, built in 1830, had been used for divine worship. An addition to it was built during the ministry of Rev. Mr. Stamper, but those who worshipped in it in 1852 considered it somewhat of a reproach to Methodism, and thought the time had arrived for it to give way to a larger and more appropriate building. Soon after the arrival of Mr. Magee a subscription was started, and a sufiicient amount was subscribed to justify the society in the erection of their present house of worship. Its original cost was about $10,000. It had a very handsome spire, which was much admired when in its proper place, but it was finally removed by a strong wind and placed in the yard below. Rev. Mr. Magee was returned to the pastorate a second time, and gave all his spare time to the erection of a new edifice, but he did not remain Icng tnciigh in this \\orld to witness its completion. He visittd Bloomington in March, 1854, and contracted a disease which soon teiminated his life. His last hours were peaceful and Lappy, for he had followed the golden rule in his intercourse with his fellow men, and given the energies of his life to the cause of Christ. The vacancy caused by his death was filled by Rev. Jamegt E. Willson, who was followed by Rev. J. L. Crane, who remained tAvo years and left with the regrets of his congregation. He Avas succeeded by Rev. C. W. Sears.

In 1866, Rev. J. S. Davidson was appointed to the charge, and remained three years, being succeeded by Rev. Mr. Phillips, who also served the same length of time. In 187 2, Rev. W. H. Webster became the pastor, and remained also the full time permitted by the rules of the church. In 1875, Rev. R. M. Barnes was sent by the Conference, but only remained two years, greatly to the disappointment of the congregation. Rev. J. H. Noble was then stnt, and remained three years. In 1880, the present pastor, Rev. T. A. Parker, began his labors, and under his charge the congregation is in a most flourishing condition, its membership active and zealous.

Second Methodist Episcopal Chukch

The city was then notably and remarkably extending in the direction of the north, and it was thought that this circumstance, combined with the southern location and over-grown condition of the First Methodist Episcopal Church, was a Providential call for Springfield Methodism to move out and occupy and "possess the land" in the northern half of the city. Accordingly, a noble and self-sacrificing band of brethren and sisters from the First Church, in a most peaceable and amicable manner, withdrew from the former fold and constituted themselves the Second Methodist Episcopal Church, Springfield.

They fully conformed to the laAV of the church in the details of their organization, and when completed, they reported the same to the Illinois Annual Conference, and asked to have a preacher sent to them. To this request the Conference replied by naming Rev. W. S. Prentice as their first pastor.

This church bought the house of worship formerly used by the Presbyterians, and which stood on the northwest corner of Sixth and Monroe streets. This building they movtd to the spot it now occupies on Fifth street near Madison, improved it, and occupied it about October 1,1865. The church has been remodeled and repaired from time to time, and is now in excellent condition. In 1877-8, the society erected a commodious parsonage on the lot south of the church. The whole property is now valued at $10,000, and is free from debt.

The house now used, has sittings, in main audience room, for 250 persons, by means of sliding doors the lecture room can be added to this, seating in all nearly or quite 400.

The church is in a prosperous condition. The membership is now two hundred and nineteen, and during the two years last past it has had a net growth of fifty members.

The Sabbath school numbers one hundred and seventy-five, and is doing an excellent work. The present eflScient superintendent, R. F. Herndon, was elected in 1865, and has been re-elected fifteen times.

First Presbyterian

Rev. John M. Ellis organized the Sangamon Presbyterian Church, now the First Presbyterian Church of Springfield, on the 23d day of January, 1828. The organization was kept up during the next spring and summer, but no particular interest was manifested till the arrival of Rev. J. G. Bergen, of New Jersey, who, in November of the same year, became the first pastor of the church. He took the right course to render himself and the church popular by making himself "at home" with the people generally, and in a short time he had more hearers than the log school house would comfortably hold. The school house was built in the summer of 1828 on the corner of Second and Adams streets. Its builders, the principal citizens of Springfield, intended it for school and religious purposes, and it was used until the completion of the church built by the Presbyterians in the fall of 1830.

The first elders of the church were John Moore, John N. Moore, (his son) Isaiah Stillman and Samuel Reid. Elder Moore and his son lived twenty miles north, Mr. Stillman ten miles northeast, and Mr. Reid three miles west of Springfield. The first members were John Moore, John N Moore, Andrew Moore, Elijah Scott, Mary Moore, Margaret Moore, Phoebe Moore, Catharine Moore, Jane Scott, Samuel Reid, Jane Reid, James White, William Proctor, Isaiah Stillman, Olive Slater, Elizabeth Moore, Mary R. Humperies and Ann lies.

When Mr. Bergen took charge of the church there were but six members of it living in Springfield - five women and one man, the school teacher. Soon after Mr. Bergen's arrival he appointed a sacramental meeting for the little church, and requested the members and all others interested in the cause of religion to attend. At the preparatory meeting on the previous Saturday, the following resolution was passed:

" Hesolved, That the citizens of this place be invited to meet in the school house at early candle lighting to take into consideration the expediency of undertaking to build a Presbyterian meeting house, and that Rev. Mr. Bergen give the notice."

At the called meeting of the citizens it was resolved to undertake the erection of a church building, and the following named persons were appointed trustees and a building committee: John Todd, Gersham Jayne, Washington lies, David L. Taylor, John Mofi^ett, Samuel Reid and Elijah Slater. The idea of building a meeting house was well received by the citizens generally, but many of them looked upon it as somewhat chimerical, and it is said that some who signed the subscription paper considered the whole matter a pretty good joke. They signed readily, for they did not intend to appear less liberal than their neighbors, but while pledging themselves to pay the sums set down opposite their names, they considered their money perfectly safe.

There was some question as to whether the building would be of wood or brick. Some contended that wood was good enough for the occasion, and that a frame church would last until the place became sulRciently old and wealthy to warrant the erection of a different and more expensive building. Others said that a brick building would last longer and look better than a wooden one, and after a short but animated discussion, they carried their point. The next important question was how to get the brick, and some were puzzled to know how the church was to be built after the brick had been obtained. Clay was considered by the advocates of wood, rather a scarce article, and though nearly every male resident of the place knew how to build a brick chimney, none had confidence enough in themselves to suppose they could build a house of the same material. The summer of 1829 was spent in making preparations for building, and the church was completed in the summer of 1830. It was dedicated November 20th, of the same year. Thomas Brooker, of Belleville, superintended the brick-work and manufactured the brick. The entire cost of the building was about 11,000. It was twenty-eight by forty feet in size. The church still stands on the southeast corner of Third and Washington streets.

The corner-stone of the second spacious building occupied by the members of the First Presbyterian Church was laid in 1842, aad the building erected, and basement used during the ensuing winter and summer. The main audience room was completed in the fall of 1843, and dedicated in November of that year. The cost of the building was about $12,000. In 1858, the church was enlarged and otherwise improved. After laboring for twenty years, spending a great deal of his time in the missionary work of the Presbytery, Dr. Bergen resigned the charge of the First Church, and Dr. James Smith, of Shelbyville, Kentucky, was elected pastor.

Dr. Smith was an eminent Christian divine of rare ability as a preacher and a controversialist, and the church greatly prospered under his ministry, and during the years 1854 and 1855, especially, the records show a large number of additions upon profession of faith. His pastorate continued for nearly seven years. He resigned, and the pastoral vocation was dissolved in 1856.

Rev. John H. Brown, D. D., was elected pastor. Dr. ]3rown was a native of Kentucky, and was pastor of the McCord Church, of Lexington, for twelve years. He served the church with great ability and faithfulness till 1864, when he resigned, and Rev. F. H. Wines was elected the pastor, who continued his ministry for four years, resigning in 1869, when the present pastor. Rev. Janes A. Reed, was chosen. He was called and commenced his labors in 1869, and has now been pastor of the church for eleven years. Soon after he was called the necessity of a new building became apparent, on account of the limited capacity of the old one, and its near proximity to the railroad. Steps were about to be taken in this direction, when an overture came from the Third Presbyterian Church, with reference to the purchase and occupancy of their new and spacious building, which was then heavily encumbered with debt. Arrangements that were satisfactory were made, and the building now standing on the corner of Capitol Avenue and Seventh street, became the property of the First Presbyterian Church. This church originally cost about 190,- 000 ; has a fine pipe organ, and is heated by steam. It has now a membership of four hundred and fifty, and has two missions. It has a bench of thirteen acting elders, viz : C. C. Brown, D. C. Brown, James P. Bryce, R. H. Beach, E. P. Beach, A. M. Brooks, R. W. Diller, John Dalby, T. S. llenning, W. W. Hayden, George Hemingway, George White.

This church was organized on the 26th day of May, 1835, and recognized by the Presbytery of Sangamon, June 8, of the same year. It consisted at its organization of thirty members, all of whom had been members of the First Presbyterian Church. The congregation had no regular pastor for nearly a year after its organization. Rev. Dewey Whitney was elected to the pastorate, on the 25th of March, 1836, and commenced his labors on the following day. He remained till February, 1839, when he resigned. His labors were very acceptable to his congregation, and his departure was generally regretted. The relation between him and the church was formally dissolved by the Presbytery at the spring session of 1839. He was a native of one of the New England States, but had lived in Kentucky some years previous to the commencement of his ministerial duties at this place. Some years after leaving Springfield, he was killed in one of the Southern States, while visiting near relatives. He was I'iding a horse, which, becoming frightened, threw him. His foot caught in the stirup, and he wag dragged a considerable distance. He survived his injuries but a short time.

In the summer of 1839, the congregation invited Rev. Albert Hale to become its pastor. He accepted the invitation, and preached his first regular sermon here on the 15th of November following. He was installed on the first day of July, 1840, and remained as pastor until January, 1867, a period of twenty-seven years. His pastorate was a pleasant and profitable one to the congregation, and he only resigned on account of increasing age, believing that a younger than he might minister more acceptably. He still remains a citizen of Springfield, and worships with the church over which he was so long a pastor.

The elders of the church at its organization were Samuel Reed, E. S. Phelps, Joseph Thayer, Thomas Moffett, and John B. Watson. Its present elders are E. B. Nawley, R. Pope, Jas, C. Conkling, Geo. M. Brinkerhoff, Clinton L. Conkling, William B. Baker, Fred. Wilson, and Bobert Smilie.

Some one thousand two hundred and fifty members have belonged to the church since its organization, about eight hundred of whom united during Mr. Hale's pastorate. Its membership is now three hundred and eighty. Several revivals of religion have taken place in the church since its organization, a very important one being in the winter of 1840-1. The church was crowded at every meeting, and the revival resulted in the conversion of about one hundred persons. Rev. James Gallagher assisted in this work.

Two church edifices have been erected by the congregation, the first of which was commenced in 1839 and finished in 1840. Its cost was in the neighborhood of $12,000. It was situaied on the northwest corner of Monroe and Fourth streets, a very eligible situation.

On the 21st of April, 1867, Rev. George H. Robertson was installed as pastor of the church and continued as pastor until September 22, 1871. During his pastorate one hundred and twenty-four persons were admitted as members.

Rev. Charles D. Shaw succeeded him and commenced his labors January 7, 18 72, was installed June 2, 18 72, and resigned July 1, 18H. Sixty five members were admitted during his pastorate.

He was succeeded by Rev. George H. Fullerton, who began his work December 17, 1874. His pastoral relation was dissolved by Presbytery June 26, 1879. One hundred and thirtyfour members were admitted during his pastorate, of whom about ninety were by profession.

On November 9, 1879, Rev. L. G. Hays acccepted a call from said church, and continued to be its pastor until February 15, 1881, when his resignation took effect.

Third Presbyterian

This church was organized February 7, 1849, with between fifty and sixty members, who withdrew from the First Presbyterian Church for that purpose. The pastors under this organization were Revs. Richard V. Dodge, C. P. Jennings, G. W. C. Burch and Rev. H. M. Paynter. The building now occupied by the First Presbyterian Church was erected by the Third and sold to the First in 1871.