Calumet Township (part 1 of 7)

Calumet Township

The subdivision of Calumet was tiled for record tin June 13. 1836. and recorded in Book II of maps, at page j 9, ami was acknowledge! 1 by George W. Dole, Lewis Hentonand Rachel, his wife,' Klijah K. Hubbard and Elizalicth S. D., his wife, as proprietors. John Weimvorih and other prominent men considered it desirable to « hedge," lest there was a possibility of Calumet attaining commercial importance and consequent financial value; and, in furtherance of this project, l>ought large tracts of property in the vicinity of Calumet, the outgrowth of which was same yea: I started with his family for Calumet. Henton's laud company then owned the land hounded nn the north by Kighty-seventh Street, on the south hy Ninciythird Street, On the east by the Callimink Kivcr and I .ake Michigan, and on the west by Commercial Avenue. This district is alleged to have been purchased from Hale for $8,500; there seems to be no doubt, however, as to the price paid. Thomas Gaughan visited the company's store, inspected its stin k of guns, gmceries, and grog, and bought of Lewis Benton & Co. a block of land 011 the company's terms, which were thuse of the canal, one-fourth cash, and the balance in one, two and three vears, with six per cent interest. In two weeks from' his arrival at the city of Calumet, Thomas Gaughan died, and was buried in the unincluscd and um onsecrated ground before referred to. His widow relinquished all but two lots to the company; and, by paving a small balance, got a clear title to those. In iS'tG the company failed and those who had purchased property, being unable to get any title to their land, ceased making any payments thereupon, and it reverted to the State for non-payment of taxes; many lots were sold at the Tremont House, in Chicago, at tax sales, for fifteen, twenty-five and thirty cents each. The fannly of Thomas Gaughan were; Mrs. Margaret UughM. John Gaughan, still living; Patrick Gaughan, who went South; Thomas Gaughan, still living; MatlhewC.aughan, who was drowned in the Callimink in March. 1839, by falling out of a canoe; Mrs. Mary Culver, Mrs. Matilda F. Jackson ami Mrs. Ann Sexton, all three of these ladies are dead. At the time of the arrival of the Gaughan family, Thomas Gaughan, Jr.. Mate* m there were only some ten or twelve buildings in Calumet; one built by Crandall on the east side of the fiver to validate a claim on a piece of land he had M Section 6. but not used, nor intended as a habitation; Lewis Benton was there with his store and the few hiiildinZs occupied by his hands; Tuttlc had a place on the west si.le of the river, so had Stone; John Mann was VK ferryman, and lived in one of lienton's houses, ine first white child born on the banks of the Callimink vr^ Margaret Sexton, the daughter of Stephen Austin seston and Ann Gaughan Sexton. She married J**** Cassidy, and in honor of her nativity Lewis Henton ga« her a lot: she was born in the fall of ts36- .

Itwix G a vc it A N. the eldest son of Thomas GW ^inmarried Thanison Kane in 1858. and has the n* children: Elizabeth lane Miller, George, Alice S«m Arthur. Florence, Eva, and a recent importation mm the land of incognizance. . ,

Thomas Gauc.hax. Ik., was born m County JM Ireland, and came to America when two >£r> arriving in Chicago at the age of seven years, nc > that the eurlv settlers in the Callimink reg.on «»« pursue anv particular trade or calling, that the Mm* mental principle was -anyway to make an MM fi - ling." and that in furtherance of that theory he and hunted and traded with the Indians. Mrs. bis mother, kept a grocery, which was the m V there. During his early residence m C^«f*J* pelted one day to be culling an otter out ot a » house, when he was first particularly - liU

Indians, and thev - pursuant to the custom VBM F ^ to this day, of giving names typical of the nrs I action performed - called 'Thomas Gaughan, aa* otter. This was in the l'ottawatotuic tons.":, »

History Of Hyde Park

Tou-wa dialect his name was Wcc-sik. John ( iaughan 's agnomen was Ka-konsh, or pig: he was, with Thomas, first carrying a sucking-pig when noticed by the Indians. Thomas Gaughau was well acquainted with Alexander Robinson, or Che-ehe-pin-qua, and is a fluent speaker of the Pottawatomie and Touwa languages. He continued hunting and trapping, and working at the carpenter trade, and prospl-red. He bought one hundred and sixty acres of land on the east side of the river, close to the One -hundred -and -sixth Street bridge. The point of land that there protends into the river was called Sharloe's point, after the Indian chief whose favorite camping-ground it was. After its purchase by Thomas Gaughan the Irish inhabitants named it Gaughan's point; but they - the Gaughans - still retain its old name in referring to it, as a remembrance of Sharloe. Mr t iaughan states that, in 1S36, there were about one hundred inhabitants on the Callimink. including the employes of Lewis Benton. On September 15, 1S50, Thomas Gaughan married Miss Mary Stanton, of Chicago. The ceremony was performed by the Rev. Father Rinsella at the University of Saint Mary's of the I.ake. They have the following children living: Mrs. Ellen Kelly, Matilda, Cecilia. Josephine, James Oliver, Emma. Andrew and Caroline Estclla. He now resides at Cheltenham Heach, having removed from South Chicago,, in 188?, because he wanted to get aiming the trees and away from a multitude of people He says that it is impracticable to breathe freely in a city.

In 1836 Lewis Benton built a hotel close to his store, the first hotel in Calumet, which was called the Calumet House. Mr. (iaughan thinks that a man named Spencer first kept the hotel for Benton, and until it was bought by Jason Gurlcy in 1836. The stageroad was then along the beach from Michigan City to Chicago, and John and Thomas (iaughan well renicml>cr, in the fall of 1S36, a tall figure appearing at the Calumet House and endeavoring to procure a lodging. The future editor, mayor, congressman and capitalist was informed by Ja«on Gurlcy that there were 110 beds vacant, but that if he hail no' objection to occupying a lied upon the floor he could be accommodated. John Went worth assented ; but going into the hotel, asked why he could not occupy some of the beds that were apparently without prospective tenants. The host replied that they were all reserved for visitors from Chicago, who were coming to hunt and fish along the Callimink. lie accordingly took his supper, his bed of Procrustes, on the floor, and his breakfast, and in the morning departed for Chicago. In 1837, Gurley rented the Calumet House to Hampshire, and during his tenancy it was destroyed by fire. He was tried for incendiarism, but acquitted. There appears to have been no evidence against him, and the old citizens are unanimous in stating his utter innocence of the charge. The loss entailed upon Jasun Gurlcy. however, made him disgusted with the Calumet region and he left for Chicago, and there, subsequently, kept the Mansion House. The next tavern was the Eagle, kept by Gideon Matthew lackson, who built it in February, 1 8^7, at the foot of what is now Ninety-second Street, and on what is now known as Harbor Avenue, then designated North Water Street: and the Calumet House was likewise on that street, about a block north of the Eagle. The Eagle was twelve feet square and ten feet high. Mr. Thomas Gaughan says it was frequented by travelers who were willing to pay full price for accommodation and board and aImo>t lodge themselves. Mr. Jackson shortly after the burning of the Calumet, built a new hotel near Ninety-second Street, and between Commercial and Houston avenues. In 184.5, Mr. lackson moved to Chicago, and there kept the Southern Hotel on Twelfth Street.

'The Pottawatomie Indians received their last payment from the Government in 1835, and the proviso was then made that subsequent to that payment they were to go west of the Mississippi River. 'The greater number of them departed, having a great pow-wow and stupendous drunk before bidding adieu to their homes, and the places where their teepees had so often been pitched. In iS.}6, however, there were some in Calumet, and just prior to the American birthday the people of Calumet determined upon ornamenting the town with a celebration of their own. In furtherance of this project, Lewis Benton proposed to John Mann that he should provide sugar and lemons if Mann would furnish the ardent beverage. Maun agreed, and Benton also contracted to funiish powder, that the customary Fourth of July detonations might not be lacking in this brilliant demonstration. 'There were still about five hundred of the noble red-men at Calumet, lingering by the' graves of their ancestors and loth to quit the fire-water of John Mann; and they were given pro fornni invitations to be present upon the celebration. 'The day Opened bright and fair, and as the sun glinted upon the dancing waves of the flashing Calumet they too seemed to flash and sparkle with very gladness for the happy occasion. And as the sun ascended higher toward the zenith, it smiled upon the Bacchanalian preparations of the celebrants. Mann, the hierophant, had a half barrel of whisky, and numbers of acolytes were pre|>ariiig lemons under Benton's auspices. When the acidulated fruit was prepared, it and sugar were placed in the wassail tub, and water then added, making a fruitful means of carousal. A tin-dipper was provided whereby the fluid could be handily consumed, and the revels commenced. Mr. Benton was the orator of the day, and made a speech replete with happy allusions to Old Hickory, the Bird of Freedom, the Star Spangled Banner, and kindred subjects. No stenographer having lieeu present, a full report of the s|)cech cannot lie submitted. His audience, most of whom were Indians, appareled in all their native finery, frequently interrupted the orator with bursts of spontaneous applause, and many wi re so affected with the patriotic sentiments evolved that they pledged him in the tin chalice with the utmost heartiness. After Mr. Benton descended from the dry-goods box rostrum, Mr. CrandaH* spoke. He made a few brief references to the flag that - the American Eagle and to General Jackson. His oratory was redundant with felicitous remarks. The auditor)- signified their hearty assent to the utterances of the speaker by clapping of hands and a few libations. Following him came Mr. Weeks,* who, in impassioned rhetoric, made some apro|M>s remarks relative to Andrew Jackson, the Stars and Stripes, and the Eagle whose talons were especially constructed for the destruction of despots. The vociferous plaudits of the assemblage frequently neccssitateil the suspension of his declamation, when the hearers took several drinks. Then Mr. Gaughan suggested that Sharloe, a chief of the Pottawatomie*, should give the public a synopsis of what he knew about the Fourth of July, He did so, and carefully refrained from any reference to the hero of New Orleans, the Oriflammc or the Eagle. His speech was given in his native tongue, and Messrs. Mann, W'eezoe and Eggeman, interpreters, rendered the speech into the vernacular. Sharloe told his people that the Government would keep the promises

SKrf&aJd eMM iSF*1^ " S'"""'! The se,:"nd brid«c was built on *« Grand Calumet, an insight n " die IS «h.is Kam«| alnrnt eight miles from the mouth, in ,8,6, bv Leuis kept toll-house; there were then in thc town the Caughans, Albert Spiers, Charles Culver, Samuel Kay. and Martin Taylor, now in Minnesota. , The Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Railroad attain .-.hisc;! ho;ic m I>'.-.m.:« in the breasts i>f the Calliminkites in 184S, by locating their road through the Calumet region; the road was built on trestle-work the entire distance from Calumet to Englcwood, and was completed to Chicago in 1S51. In 1S50 a station called

In 1851, came Michael lh>vlc and his family, and settled at Ainsworth Station, the South Chicago of that day. Mr. Doyle states that then there were neither church, school, post -office. Justice of the I'eaee, nor Constable ; and there was no store wherein provisions of any kind could be obtained nearer than Chicago. In 1852 the educational necessities of the inchoate settlement demanded attention, and hence came the embryo of the -

South Chicago Schools. - School District No. 1, comprises the entire territory of Township 37 north, Range 15 east, and contains about eight sections of land. Its boundaries are as follows : F.ighty-sevcnth Street on the north ; Torrence Avenue on the west ; Lake Michigan and Indiana State line on the east and One Hundred and Thirty-eighth Street on the south, The district was organized on September |S, 1X51. by Samuel Ray, Peter Hunt, Michael Doyle, C. F. Stewart, Martin G. Taylor and Fdwin Woodman ; and C. F. Stewart, Peter Hunt and Edwin Woodman were elected trustees ; they held their first meeting May 7, 1853. M. G. Taylor was elected treasurer, and a school-house eighteen feel by uvciUy-two feet, and nine feet high, was ordered built by the board at their first meeting, was erected in 1853. ami was known as the Kay school. The list of resident taxpayers of the district at that time comprised I'elcr Hunt, Samuei Ray, C. F. Stewart, John Kleinmann, Michael Doyle, Fdwin Woodman, Charles Culver, Thomas Gaughan, John (iaughan, M. G. Taylor and Hiram Spears, and the whole number of children susceptible of tuition under the lawwas fifty-five. 'The first teacher was Miss Cornelia Wheaton, and the average attendance at the school was thirteen. 'The second school building was erected near the site of the Howen school, and was about the size of the Ray school. In 1S71 the number of children in the district between the age of six and twenty-one was two hundred and fifty; and the number of pupils enrolled was one hundred and three ; the daily average attendance was one hundred and forty-eight. In 1876 there were one thousand and eighty-nine children, requiring four -: hools mil U .« ier« I he pop ilaliofl 11 prei ent in the school district is about eleven thousand ; two thousand three hundred and twenty pupils attend the public schools, and about live hundred and forty-eight children attend the various parochial and private schools in the district ; the school property, not including two buildings in course of erection, is worth §84,148.36, the apparatus §1,000, and the library §400, as per appraisal of June, 1883. The tax levy for 1882 was §29,350, and' for 1883 about §50.000. The present Hoard of Education are: M. W. Gallistel, president; James William Matthews, secretary; Martin Hausler,

South Chicago public school, corner of Superior Avenue and Eighty-ninth Street; F. I.. Morse, principal ; Misses Mary Matthews, Lulu A. Harr, Mabel Kushmore and Marv Monahan, assistnts. The school mm built in 1882. and cost some §12,000.

Irondalc public school ; corner of One Hundred and First Street and Kscanaba Avenue ; erected in 1882 ; cost, §14,000. Principal. John L. Walsh ; assistants, Misses Ella Fair, Man" Fagan and Mary Neville.

Gallisto^ school ; on Ewing Avenue, between One Hunilred and Third and One Hundred and Fourth streets, was built in 1877 and cost $3,000. A new one is in course of erection, to cost $12,000. J. H, Zeis, principal; Miss Carrie Willing and Mis-i Fdmondson, assistants.

- Taylor school ; on Sixth Avenue, between Ninetyninth and One Hundredth streets ; was built in 1878, and cost but §2.000. 'This is, however, ascribablc to the generosity and public spirit of D. S. Taylor, who donated the ground and brick ; the only expenditure, therefore, was for its erection, which was as stated. An addition to the main building is being erected, to cost $8,000. C. D Huxley, principal ; Mr. Rea and Miss Eva Jewell, assistants.

Ray school : situated about one mile south of the Chittenden bridge ; was built in 1881, and cost $6,000. O. J. Andrews is principal and has no assistants.

Howen school, wherein is also the high school, is situated at the corner of Ninety-third Street and Houston Avenue ; it was built in 1876, and cost $28,000. John H, Strashergcr.princip.il; Misses Myra Monfort,

Light- Hofst. - John Wentworth was always enthusiastic in predicting the great future of Calumet, and was persistent in urging upon the Government the expediency of improving the harbor and placing therein a light-house. Finally Mr. Wentworth succeeded in getting an appropriation for a light-bouse, which was erected in 1S51, and the hearts of the Calumetians were lightened at the possibilities of lake commerce the lighthouse foreshadowed. The building was erected of stone, brought down from the vicinity of Illuc Island in barges, that were poled down by the bargemen. A Mr. Irwin was the mason-contractor who superintended its erection. At that time the lake was thirty, or forty feet north of its foundation. General Webster was then the Collector of Customs at Chicago. The light was lit for the first time in 1853, by Hiram Squires. 'The first light-house keeper was A. H. Dalton, appointed June 25, 1852; next was Hiram Squires, appointed September 5, 1853. 'The harbor, however, remained as it had been ; 110 attempt was made to improve that, and the approaches to Calumet remained as nature had made them. In foggy weather captains could not tell whether the light was at Calumet or Chicago, and the light really was more a detriment than assistance to navigation. After the presentation of a protest to the Government in 1855, its discontinuance and sale was decreed. 'The light was discontinued lulv 28. 1855, and it was sold at public sale to George W. Clark for §125 the edifice had cost §4,500) and he immediately rented it to the Oehmich family for fifty dollars a year. The Ochmichs were fishermen, and Theodore and Henry were drowned, with some live or six seamen, in a gale about 1874 ; another brother, Alexander Oehmich, still lives. 'This family remained in the light-house until 1870, when Congress made an appropriation of $10,000 for its repurchase, and to refit it for service as a light -house. After its purchase it was surmounted with a cupola, and other improvements were made to it that rendered it one of the finest buildings used for light-house purposes on the lakes. It was re-established on September 7, 1873, and the light was relit by Miss Mary H. Ryan on September 9, 1873, who remained as keeper until October 23, 18S0, when Chester llradley Rushniore, the present incumbent, took charge. In 1876, the old light was removed from the stone tower to the pier light-bouse, where it has since

S7, History Of Cook County

In < >. lober, isr,,;. under instructions from the Chief of feet ol picr.ng w;ls put m on the north side of tlx clan- Engineers, of date Septetnhcr 10. 186% Major Wheeler nd : the inner crib being three hundred feet from the dire, ted Captain Heap to make a thorough topograph- shore line. I bis gap was intended to he CUM »itl> col and bvdrographic survey of the entrance to the piles. Init could m»t be, owing to the lateness nf the sea- Calumet Rivet ; be did SO. and made his report Novell!- son ; therefore only the outer row of piling was id men. her to. 1869 ; at the date of the report the outlet had leaving sixty-nine feet of opening next to the cnti-.oik advanced une thousand eight hundred feet eastwardty Meanwhile the Canal ft Doc k Company had opem beyond the point shown in the 1S4S snrvev. Major a channel to the lake fifty feet wide, with seven Ntf« Wheeler said: ' water. About March t. 1871, a freshet occurred .hat

'- The river called Calumet is broader and discharges created a rapid current, and thiscut a channel one nun. more water than the Chicago River. From the bend dred and fifty feel wide and from eight to ten leet near the light house t.-wer to the railroad bridge deep : the gap between the crib and the pile-work, »as there is an average depth of thirteen feet in the chan- Idled and the channel perfectly protected, and the amend, and the stream varies from one hundred and lift v to tion of sand on the north side had reached tne wsi two hundred feet in width. The banks are low and crib sunk, three hundred feet from shore, marshy. A r© oiiuoissame made as far as Wolf Hake, l Hy M,,N, y appkopki ATfcl) shows the same average depth of water and width of . .. stream above the bridge as below it. Taken by itself was as river made a short bend .toward the *mth nearly oppo- , .Edition t.'.'VhiV amount must be taken 1 $i.oeo site the present site ot the light-house, fornunu an outlet ... mmnniv for une huoortu similar £ that of the Chicago River in It entered VSlStS^tmtPL U^t-house, and. the lake about three thousand two hundred feet from A. -, ., . ,,r . 1.- i;,rht-houscthe light-house having between its eastern bank and ^ ^STSS tSSlSSfS * *** the lake, a bar, or ilune, or saiul and travel, abotfl four ' ... - - . hundred feet wide »nd elevated but a few feet above W .jjgj p ^ '^nded three hund-l the lake level, and at the outlet the river did not exceed , /' \;,7'>' ,tr ( Z, -.n two hundred and fifty-** W seven feet in depth. Major Wheeler, however, reported »f " \r " , o, Z -uth side, the iw< adversely to the' improvement of the Calumet, because TZr hundred and of the dangers ,0 navigation fro,,, the reef one and a ^ <* 1 ,C 1 S^-ThuS »d seventyquarter miles from the pier suggested, and two thousand done, and the eight bundml fee. from shore; also because of the SLf&&&J!£^ accretions that would result, and because the nccessi- -M &^*£*2L extended four hundred ties of the place " now or for the next ten vers." would ft l*J3> lhc( '^^ J he ^mh n k-r two hundred and not justify the expenditure. A board of officers called SSLrfftS^tftt ctannSlS eleven feet 0 to consider the report coincided with the opinion. Hut ^ ^ ,he rTth horc had reached General John A. fought for thcCalumet harbor, waf,er. Z£SS£2S^JS& feet, and obtained an appropriation of $50,000. This. too. "ul ,n' ^ J£ were advancd ,n spue of the demurrer made in Congress, that no tJ^^ ^ ^"iTnS was e^ ^ - * To^h> oowHp. at yujo, w, h. H, n«yau-d. Fm:in«r om«r. in the shoahrst place. The accretion on tne n " °"! M'mr lU tt,1Uu" b ""'to'6 "* "Ufcb V4,»b" had thirty feet added to it by the littoral dcposX

History

In May. 1877, Captain G.J. I ,y decker relieved Major G. L. Gillespie^ Since the beginning of the work in 1870 the slmre-linc on ihe north had advanced about eight hundred feet: from April, 1876, to July. 1.S77, the shore-line made out twu hundred and twelve feet.

In 1S79, the shore made out on the north side eighty-live feet; the least depth on the bar was 10.7 feet. The total length of pier constructed to |unc, 1879, was four thousand two hundred and sixty linear feet; total dredging performed, two hundred ami eighty thousand cubic yards.

In 1S80, two hundred feet was added to the north pier, the total length of which was two thousand nine hundred and forty feel ; the total length of the south pier was one thousand live hundred and twenty feet- Vessels drawing twelve and a half feet could pass in fair weather. The North Chicago Rolling Mill Company's slip, one thousand feet long, was cut through.

In 1881, tin- north pier was three thousand fine hun dred anil ninety feet long; the south pier one thousand five hundred and ten feet long; the year's operations being two hundred and fifty linear feet of pier built, and 14,547.97 cubic yards of dredging. Vessels drawing thirteen feet could enter at low water. The total advance of the shore line on tin imh'i >uv:e 1 870 ma one thousand two hundred and seven feet. In the year tSSo-Kt only twenty-one feet were made. The total dredging performed to date was two hundred and ninety-eight thousand four hundred and fifty -eight cubic yards'.

June 19, 1882, Major \V. II. II. Bcnyatird relieved Major G. J. Lydecker. The former officer states in his report that the shore north of the pier advanced al>out thirty-five feet: further northward it increased seventy feet. South of the pier the shore-line receded gradually until 18S2, when the recession was greatly increased. Near the pier it was forty-two feet west of the line of 1K80, further south it was eroded two hundred feet. The total length of the north pier was three thousand three hundred and forty feet, and of the south pier one thousand five hundred and twenty feet. The total dredging performed was three hundred and fifty thousand nine hundred and eighty-three cubic yards, and the channel was sixteen feet deep below low water.

Up to November, 1SS3. three hundred feet had been added to the north pier, and thirty thousand cubic yards of mud and sand dredged. It is the intention of the authorities to still farther extend the south pier.

I he first boat through was the schooner "Coral," belonging to Charles Mcars; that was brought into harbor by James H. Bowcn with the tug Belle Chase on April 1, 1871.

South Chicago Village

South Chicago may be said to have assumed its real estate form in 1856, when the inhabitants, thinking all the prospects of the Calumet region blighted because of the discontinuance of the light-house, were heartsick and ready to debark anywhere out of Calumet, when Elliot Anthony went among the discontented and gradually acquired title to the property owned bv Jason Gurlcy, I. Egglehart, W'illam Bradshaw Egan. heirs of

Lewis Denton and Elijah K. Hubbard and others, until he owned about three-fourths of the town lots. The remaining one-fourth Oramel S. Hough purchased, all but eighty acres owned by John Weutworth, but he ultimately secured them.and thus Anthony and Hough became virtually the proprietors of the land whereon South Chicago first was laid out. In 1869 these two gentlemen associated with them enterprising and wealthy men. and on March 10, 1869. the Calumet (k Chicago Canal I >ock Company * was incorporated. The incorporators were Elam G. Clark, Daniel J. Schuyler, George W. Waite, James H. Wordsworth, Charles V. Dyer, John McCaffrey, George Schneider, John V. l.c Moyne and George w. Stanford. Of this corporation, James H. Bowen, was the first president, and Chauncey T. Bowcn Oramel S. Hough. Elliot Anthony. Sheridan Wait, Thomas L. Dobbins, and Charles A. Gregory, were the board of directors. This company was the formative power of South Chicago, and hail the man for president to whom is justly given the title of the father of that city. To ihe foresight of Mr. BoWen, to his indomitable energy and persistent hard work, to his careful anil intelligent measures for the augmentation of the interests of the place. South Chicago is jR-rmancntly indebted ; and his memory should be held in grateful remembrance by her citizens.

James H. Bowi.n was born March 7. iSii, in the town of Mauhcim, Herkimer Co., N. V. His parents were Stephen anil Lueinda Bowcn, the former a direct descendant of the Plymouth Rock puritans. Till the age of fourteen he had lived with his parents, having attended the district school at Manheim, and assisted his father in carpenter work. In May, 1836, he became a clerk in a country store, post -office, etc., near his home; and for the compensation of board airfl thirty dollars a year, he tended counter, drove team, kept books, and otherwise made himself useful. At the end of three years he vacated his position in favor of a younger brother, and took a situation at one hundred dollars per annum and board, with the leading merchant of Little Falls, Herkimer Co., N V. He was early noted and commended for his attention and business capacity, and within three years he became treasurer and secretary of the Wool Grower Manufacturing Company iti Little Falls, N. V'., the mill belonging to the company employing 160 hands, and consuming 1,000 pounds of wool daily. He was not quite twentyone years old when he assumed this trustworthy position, which he held for four years, till the death of his father, who was the agent of the mill. During this period he was the first American Express agent at Little Falls, and worked almost day and night in the discharge of his multifarious duties. On the first of July, 1S46, Mr. Bowen moved to Jefferson County, N. Y., where he commenced business on his own account as a dealer in general merchandise. In 1S4S he made a change to the stove, hardware and house furnishing line, and was appointed Postmaster at Evan s Mills, N. Y. Two years afterward he was made assistant United States Marshal ; also receiving the appointment of Colonel of the 36th Regiment of New York Statetroops, and organized that regiment under the new law which has recently In-en passed. In 1853 he made another change, removing to Albany, N. Y., where he engaged in the china, crockery' and earthen ware trade. He remained there until his removal to Chicago part of his savings in Chicago property - believing, with many others, that the future of the West was bound up with the prosperity of the Garden Citv and the Calumet region.

On the 1st of July, 1857, the historical firm of Bowen Brothers commenced business at 71 Lake Street, as jobbers of dry goods, notions, etc., with a capital of $30,- 000. The firm was James H , George S , and Chauncey I., Jarnes being the senior member. Only about two months afterward the city of Chicago and the whole country was swept by one of the most severe commercial pan.es known in history. The situation was a trying one, but the firm had invested their capital ,udioously and bu.lt up a solid and paying business, while many others around them were falling before the storm 1 he sales of the hrst year aggregated S200.ooo.and the business grew, under ceaseless attention and business management, till, in ,859 the stores known as 74 and 76 Lake Street were added to the first, and the firm goods from attic to basement. Their business still grew till their then astounding sales amounted ta 86,000,000 per annum. Thcv then built the three stone front houses known as Nos. u4, and u6 Michigan Avenue, where the three brothers continued to roV next door neighbors till thc time of the great fire In 1866 the firm erected the Bowen buildingfa magnificent five-story marble front block, Nos. 15 to i,, Randolph Street, at a cost of about §400,000. Thc business was then transferred thither in lanuary, 1S67, and a change made in the firm. James H. and Chauncey C. retired from active participation in the business, and became special partners; George S. remained as the active head of the new firm of Bowen, Whitman ft Winstar, which was succeeded by thc present drv goods firm of Richards, Shaw & Winslow. At an early date in tbc history- of the war, Colonel Bowen had recognized the necessity of extending our kink facilities, and gave his active support to the National Bank programme. Be organized the Third National Bank of Chicago in 1S6:, which assumed a leading place under his direction as president from its establishment till 186;. He also made a special effort in behalf of a systematic plan of bank exchange, which resulted in the establishment of the Chicago Clearing House. Soon after the close of the War of the Rebellion he became impressed with the importance of Chicago and the State of Blinois being fully represented in the forthcoming World's Exposition at Paris. He was appointed United States Commissioner to the Exposition, and gave much of his time to the collection of material and forwarding it to France. On retiring from active business, in January, 1867, he also sundered his connections with the bank, determined to devote all his energies to a proper representation of thc West to the people of the Old World. He visited Paris in the spring of that year, and remained there fully six months, during thc whole time that thc Exposition MS open. Many thousands of those who visited the Champs de Mars that summer still remember how amply and vividly the, to them, hitherto unknown West was opened up. Samples of its minerals and its products, and models of its instructors were accompanied by full statistics showing what had been achieved in and by this region of the world. The Illinois school house and farm house were especially admired and commented upon, not less by the aristocracy of Europe than by the great mass of ordinary visitors in 1868. On his return from Europe. Colonel Bowen purchased a controlling interest in thc Fourth National Bank of Chicago, and was active in «s management for about eighteen months, when be sold out to other parties. Early in 1869 he was commissioned to invite and organize a party which opened up commercial relations between the people of the older States and the California slope, on the completion of the Pacific Railroad, in Mav, 1S69. The party numbered about forty persons and met with the heartiest we come at every point they visited. Colonel Bowen. to whose care and management the success of the trip was largely due, effected the practical as well as the theoretical opening up of the new commercial thoroughfare of the world. He purchased the first invoice of tea which came to Chicago overland from San Francisco, and gave to very many residents of his atlopted city a new sensation'in thc drinking of tea which had not lieen deteriorated by a double passage through thc tropic. ">e direct tea trade of Chicago has since grown to a very great volume ; and scarcely an ounce of tea that nas been transported over the' Atlantic Ocean is ever so in the West. The great work of his life.

remained for him ; the work that presented the Calumet region to the public, improved the harbor and developed the latent resources of the surrounding territory. From the date of his identification with the Calumet & Chicago Canal and Dock Company, the history and interest of James H. Bowen were identified with South Chicago, and each successive annotation of the growth of that wonderful city is a tribute to James H. Howen. The great fire of October 9, 1871, took from him fully three hundred thousand dollars, over and above the insurance which he received on his buildings in Chicago, and his share as special partner in the dry goods house which he had founded fourteen v> .ir-. ik-i'iiv ; I1.1t m ],i :- n. it n "11-. i'c\ n 'ti ' his last and greatest work. The panic of 1873 cut still more deeply into his purse strings by depreciating the selling value of the property in the region of the Calumet, but it only redoubled his exertions. Largely as a consequence of his efforts, the sloughs have been drained, the river deepened and rendered navigable for fully fifteen miles, piers and docks constructed, railroad bridges built, lumber yards established, and numerous manufactories brought into existence - prominent among which is the Joseph H. lirown Iron & Steel Works. Colonel Bowen was a member of the Chicago Hoard of Trade and of the Mercantile Association. As a meml>er of the Union Defense Committee, he took decided ground against the secession during the War of the Rebellion, helped to organize the first six regiments which left Chicago for the field and the honor of the old flag. In November, 1864, he was appointed a member of the staff of Governor Oglesby, with the rank of Colonel, and contributed valuable aid in welcoming home the returning buys in blue, who were discharged in Chicago or passed through the city tm their way homeward. He also took a prominent part in the arrangements for conveying the remains of President Lincoln from W ashington to Springfield, and had full charge of the details of the management of that wonderful fortrge during its passage through the States. He was an active worker in political matters, but never sought an office at the hands of the people. He voted for Henry Clay in 1X44, and voted the Republican ticket up to his death. He was married on September 19, 1843, to Caroline A. Smith. Three sons are now living - Ira P. Howen, J. Allison Bowen and Arthur P. Howen. J. Allison is on the Bourse at Paris, Prance ; his two brothers are in the Commercial National Bank, of Chicago. One daughter is also living - Mrs. Jennie Bowen French. In 187S he was appointed comptroller of the village of Hyde Park, in which place his thorough business experience, added to his familiarity with the village affairs, was shown in the material results which followed his examination into and straightening of the accumulated neglected business of that office as well as of the village. He was one of the first to throw light upon the crookedness, and unearth the Waldron defalcation. He was identified -- thorough!) A ith the I ffaii I Ol H] I I ark.

He was elected a member of the Board of Village Trustees on the 5lh of April. 1881, and was made chairman of the committee on finance. While on official business and on a visit to T. W. Johnstone, another member of the board, at half past six 1: m., on the first day of May, 1881. on his way home in Mr. T. W. Johnstone's buggv, accompanied liy Mr Johnstone, he was suddenly thrown from the buggy and struck upon his chest, never to speak again. The accident occurred as the party neared the railroad crossing on Commercial Avenue, by Mr. Johnstone's horse becoming frightened at a switch engine which blew off steam as the buggy was in front of Mrs. Pemod's hotel, about one hundred and fifty feet from the track. Colonel 1! wen was thrown into the ditch on the east side of tin- street, near the sidewalk. Mr. Doyle was one of the first men to come to his relief, and he and others carried the body to the South Chicago Hotel and evciytiiing was done that his friends could think of to restore him to life, but without avail. The advocate of South Chicago was dead.

Vacation op Calumet. - When the Calumet K.- Chicago Canal and Dock Company applied to the Legislature for a charter they exhibited the old Benton map, but the Legislature declined recognizing it. The company therefore vacated the town of Calumet and George's addition thereto, and on March 29, 1871, was acknowledged by the Company, the Northwestern Fertilizing Company and Oramel S. Hough. The vacation was filed for record on March 30, 187 1, as Document No. 89,112.

South CHICAGO. - A subdivision by the Calumet & Chicago Canal and Dock Company was filed for record January 17, 1874, and recorded March 6, 1874, in Book 7, pages 7, 8, 9 and io. In this subdivision the streets and avenues were laid out parallel with the points of the compass, ami the loth were made twenty-five by one hundred and forty feet, with twenty-foot alleys. Thus this corporation was inaugurated; a corporation whose operations embrace hundreds of thousands of dollars. In these operations it must not be supposed that those whose title consisted in "squatter sovereignty" did not harbor feelings of intense antagonism toward the legal holder, who oft became an cvictor; and the hostility of years frequently is found now in those whose suppositious claims, under color of title, were ousted from their holdings by the legal proprietors.

Tmk first sale by the Calumet & Chicago Canal and Dock Company, after its incorporation and investi ture with its legal rights, was to C. K. Coates, who was in charge of the Government work at South Chicago, on February 2, 1S74, of Lots 17 and j8 in Block 57, for §1,484.38. Their first office was in a general store occupied by William Gear, on the river a little north of the foot of Ninety-third Street, and from thence into Gaughan's building ; that was the first new store building built on the new street, Harbor Avenue, after the town was . ailed South Chi ago. Harboi Avenue was the first street made in South Chicago or in Calumet. The house referred to is now known as the Lake- View House.

Post-office. - On December 17, 1S53, Corydon F. Stewart was appointed Postmaster of Calumet Post- Office. This gentleman was also the first Justice of the Peace, appointed to that position in 1858. On October 7, 1837, the name Calumet was changed to Ainsworth Station, and William B. Martin* appointed Postmaster the same day. On January 28, 1H5S, Michael Doyle was appointed Postmaster, and he retained the position thirteen yeats, being succeeded on May 31, 1871, by Elam G. Clark. On May 31. 1871, also, the name Ainsworth Station was changed to South Chicago. On October 30, 1879, John A. Mcintosh, the present Postmaster, was appointed.f In 1855 the towns of Lake, Hyde Park and Calumet had but one polling place, all the citizens voting thereat, and in 1857 the polling place was Hurkcy's Tavern, Fnglewood. " At this place, in 1857," savs' the Independent, " Kred Wright was elected Supervisor, and Gcrber, Doyle and Schaffer, Street Com- missioners. Mr. Doyle at the same time was Treasurer. The convenience of those living six or seven miles distant was, they thought, duly considered; moreover they believed they should have more than their portion expended in their town; for which reason Calumet severed its connection with the town of Lake, and in the same year a slice of territory from the town of Worm was annexed to it, which more than compensated for the separation from the town of Lake. And although the land remained in its former stale, the population had become largely increased, and in a curious manner valiant, as may he seen in their celebrating the anniversary of their first election at the Holland settlement in ii 'sidi>tantial free fight. At this election Mr. Kile was elected supervisor, and Messrs. Kiugcr. Movie and Murray I 'omniissioners, which offices they filled till lH6x, when the town of Calumet was annexed, by a vote of the people, to Hyde I'ark."

As to Michael Doyle, the veteran settler, Postmaster, official and resilient* he was ln>m m the Hnrony nf Arklow, County Wick'ow, Ireland, in the parish of limber Doyle, in 1817, This parish was named after his ancestors, hut after the year 1333 nothing remained to the owners of the territory of their own land, ami the O'Uoyle sept hod to pay rent for their property. In 1846 Michael Doyte was married to Catharine Cullcn, and with her immigrated to America the ensuing year ami resided in Mamaroueck, N. Y. Subsequently they removed to New Haven, Conn., Cleveland, Ohio, Milwaukee, Wis., and to South Chicago, Here Michael Doyle took an active interest in business of various kinds and was influential in public affairs In all his iudivniii.il mid pnbiii trail*;* thin* he has Maintained ah unsullied repiltatum frit integrity and probity. His family ii>i.s-.sts 11I Thomas ('..Charles A., Mary Ann,

In 1 Si 1 7 . tin. town of Aiuvivor.h had an accession to its population liec.itwe of the establ ShlUent o| a fra i;r.ri> e. y-. .< 1: tin \orrliwesH-m Fertilising Company, chartered 1x1 March s. 1S07. Tlte Hyde I'ark Sun ih'.is spoke of this 'oriipany: "Next we had to encounter the internal, abominable and terrific nuisance that blighted and < use I the arm tie region. Travelers who had passed tl's way bet'orr, began to hold their nnsis.n ..mil they touched the lake shore, It not only infected the ground, bnl dead horses and every spi < of abominatiou were brought in and piled Up in a festering mass tif corruption. Su< h wa- tlte Ninthwestern (fertilising Company. Their twin abomination, the Union Rendering Company, s>iou yielded to the j'.idgmetit of the Cn-111n.1l Couit - was torn down and removed ; hut the other intrenched itself behind its Vested rights and refuted to budge, January I. 1X73, fire destroyed their works, and then the municipality came down upon them, and arrested them for introducing the stuff they could no longer handle." 'To harass the company Mauicl Haines Home was made Justice of the Peace and established at South Chicago, in 1871; One case is sufficient to cite to exhibit how Mr. Home proceeded A train of cars laden with stercoraceous matter on the F, W. & c. R. K. was Stopped, and all the men on the train taken before Justice Home. He asked them if they were aware of the nature of the stuff they were instrumental in introducing and whether they knew that it was in violation 01 law ; they all confessed iu a cognizance of the acts for which t'hov were arraigned and to an intelligent violation of the law, and plead Rudty to tlic < hargc against them, the introduction of the Laputan matter. Whereupon Justice Home fined them §200 apiece. Messrs. Waugh and

RaKton were present, and immediately upon the passing of judgment, stated that they would appeal the case. Justice Hornc smiled " a smile that was childlike and bland " and remarked that no appeal was possible from a judgment pro ton/csso. 'The Fertilizing Company did not let the train-men. or their employes, plead guilty any more. Leonard Swell honored Mr. Home by asking if that man Home couldn't be got rid of. Hut then the hands of the village authorities were tied by Judge LarwelTs injunction, and they were compelled 10 supinely allow the Fertilizing Company to have as own way. 'Then Judge Harwell dissolved his injuncticti. an appeal taken to the Supreme Court,* and in eighteen months the celebrated "Stink Case" was decided adversely to the plaintiff, and the growth of South Chicago' was not impeded by fetid and noisome vapors. Daniel Haines Hornc went to Hyde Pari; in iSfrs. and estimates the population of the village there as about five hundred persons. He states that, in 1868, Granville S. Ingraham, William S. Ingraham anil D. H. Home bought 1,800 acres in Sections 5, 6 and iS, now covered by South Chicago, at $5 an acre: the property rose next year to $25 an acre and they ported with the realty. "At that time," said Mi. Hoyne, " there was hardly a man living in South Chicago, that wasn't connected with the Fcrtiiiiing companv; for if he was not making his living out of the company, he couldn't stand the stench gratis." About 1874 the Northwestern Fertilizing Company yielded op its enipvreumatic ghost.

In i860, the embryo of the lumber interest of South Chicago was cast upon the waters by Charles Mcus, who being unable to get his vessel - drawing three feet of water into the river, beached, and threw overboard his lumber : which after many days washed ashore. In 1.S70, Mr. Hannahs came to South Chicago with bv twelve, and aborted, lumber and inaugurated W lumber vards. Mr. Hannahs supplied the lumber »uh winch the first house in South Chicago was wastnMM.

Ii. Hannahs, of the firm of Hannahs & Lyon, lumber merchants, is the son of the pioneer lumber J ru l obstructor. The lumber interest of South th^ft? thus inaugurated is now represented by A. K. Beck K Companv, the successors of A. R. Heck, the successor 01 the South Chicago Lumber Company: eStaWBO« Jj 1 S 7 S. This firm has a dockage front of seven humrcti and fiftv b i t and bandied twenty million feet of lumber in 1 .SS 5* beside* some eighteen million laths, slr.ng.r-. etc. Hannahs -V I. von have a dock front ul P» hundred and fiftv feet, and sold lumber the J** amounting to over one hundred thousand dOBOT Cettv.V Hlauchard have a dockage of some sis M* dred" feet, and are rated as employing a quarter H « million dollars capital bv the mercantile agency ; business in Chicago, however, makes the greatest representation in this capital. The South Chu agoy;ir:.M-; business to the amount of aWil ten nnlltn" WO lumiM-r the past vear. Spencer & Trowbridjjr. sot onlv established iu town in the winter of -- have two hundred and fiftv feet of water front i «iw months from the time tbev commenced bustnea ' _ handled three million feet of lumber, and SOW «»> thousand dollars worth of umber, etc Large >- been the am .nut of lumber handled the lumber uauv South Chicago is iu us veriest im ip" v. ,l ^ ,., satisfactory- demonstrated that rafts can W \ safely across the lake, that enormous f ,.

at South Chicago, that the advent of the new railroad lines seeking admission there with those now having depots there will provide comprehensive and quick transportation, and that lumber yards at South Chicago are just as convenient and more economical than those up the tedious Chicago River. Chicago merchants are particularly prone to see any advantage that energetic action will bring to their business, hence many are negotiating for lumberyards along the slips constructed from the Calumet River. As adjuncts of the lumber interest there are two large planing mills and a wood working company located in South Chicago. And in connection with the traffic to South Chicago, it may be mentioned that the first vessel for this trade, the ' Mary Kllen Cook," was built by Pardee, Cook Blanchard & Company.

In 1864. E. D. Tobin came to South Chicago, and started a small retail coal business. He is now one of the wealthy men of the town, and there arc some half dozen firms engaged in the retail business, the largest of whom are James Heynon & Son. But the coal interest is represented by Langdon, Richardson & Company, who have a yard on Harbor Avenue, wherein are all the latest improvements in machinery for handling coal by the cargo, and where, at their three hundred feet of dock, they can unload 1.100 tons of coal from one vessel in one day, and upon the track running by the yard they can ship in cars 500 tons. They received during the year i88j, 80,000 tons of coal at their yards. Many prominent Chicago firms etigaged in the' coil business - are favorably impressed with the advantages proffered by South Chicago, as a sort of clearing-house for the coal market - and arc now negotiating for sites for large coal yards.

North Chicago Rolling Mill - The greatest industry, however, that promotes the welfare of South Chicago is the gigantic rolling mill, one of the largest in the Cnited States. On March 28, tSSo, the first spadeful of earth was thrown up in the commencement of the work in laying the foundations of these buildings. A trip through the North Chicago Rolling Mill may not be uninteresting nor uninstructive, and the various factors of laborious processes will lie perceived that rentier necessary the erection, of buildings of such magnitude as those of this company. The area of the laud occupied is seventy-three acres, and has a frontage on the Strand of three thousand feet, a frontage on the Calumet River of one thousand five hundred feet, ami on Lake Michigan of two thousand five hundred feet. The land has been raised about six feet above its primitive grade. Upon the exterior of the mass v< pia ..1 bt i'.d ng> w )< rem M« a '->- I ilder.ng night-mare of chimneys and Hues - lays the company's slip, one thousand feet long, one hundred feet wide and eighteen feet deep ; wherein the vessels lay and discharge their cargoes. The company employ six vessels to transport their iron ore, which is all brought trom the Lake Superior mines ; and the facilities for unloading these vessels while laying in the slip are so perfected, that, from three vessels, seven hundred tons of ore per hour can be handled ; and as the electric light is used for illuminating the yards and works, night is no impediment to the progress of the work. Beside the slip is the yard where the oie is piled preparatory to its use in the mill, and it is divided into sections by stone walls, four feet thick and eight feet high, along which cars run, for the transportation of the ore to the part of the mill where it is needed for use. The compartments, or sections, thus made in the yard are used as receptacles for the various kinds of ore used in the mill. In the yard also, and connecting with the various railroads, are the company's tracks, over which their thirteen locomotives travel, switching and hauling the numberless cars used in bringing material and trans|>orling their product. Fifty carloads of coke are used daily in the mill. The house used for storing the coke stands in the yard and has a capacity of four thousand tons. A little distance from the store-house is an immense elevator for hoisting coke and ore to the top of the furnaces. These materials are brought in wheelbarrows to the elevator, which hoists them in five seconds to the top of the furnace, seventy-one feet from the ground. Of these furnaces, each of a capacity of twelve hundred tons per week, there are four ; twenty-one feel across and seventy one feet high. The limestone, coke and ore arc injured in from the top and when the furnace is '-charged," or filled with a proper proportion of each substance, it is fired. Kach of the four furnaces is sup. plieil with three Whitwell hot-blast stoves, which arc sixty feet high and twenty feet across, filled with brick work, which has openings all through it. This furnace is super heated by means of gas, and after a sufficient heat has been communicated to the brick work, air is driven through the interstices into the furnaces ; the air becoming heated in transit to a temperature of thirteen hundred degrees. Only one stove is used in this blow-pipe operation ; the two others being heated while the one is in use ; after that in use has become cooled to about one thousand degrees, the blast is transmitted through one of the others, and the one whose use was discontinued is reheated to the requisite temperature. To furnish the power to drive the air " through the stove into the furnaces, eight large engines, of four hundred horse-power each, are used with fifty-four inch cylinder stroke, and eighty-four inch bore ; which are furnished with steam by seventy-two boilers, fortyeight inches in diameter and thirty-six feet long, of the ordinary cylindrical pattern. The boiler chimney is fifteen feet in the clear and one hundred and seventyfive feet high. The seventy-two boilers are heated bygas generated in the furnaces, and is supplied from a gas main seven feet three inches high by twelve feet wide, bv means of a number of thirty-inch brick (lues leading to the gas-burners, from which the gases pass under the boilers to be consumed, and to manufacture steam by their caloric disintegration.

The furnace is supposed to have been fired and the hot blast turned on at the base of the furnace. The limestone unites with the other impurities, silica, etc., and rises, in the form of a richly colored glassy slag, to the top of the molten mass. The iron falls to the bottom and is drawn off into channels cut in the sand on the floor of the furnace, the large, main channel being called the am, and the smaller lateral channels pigs, hence the term pig-iron. But if Bessemer rails are to be manufac tured, the iron is drawn off in iron ladles, holding ten tons of molten iron each, and drawn by an engine to the Hcsseiner converter. Of these there arc three, each of ten tons capacity. The Bessemer department contains machinery of the most improved character, and complete efficiency for handling the huge masses of material manufactured there. Cpon the teu ton receptacle arriving near the converter destined to receive it, it is seized by a hydraulic crane anil lifted over the mouth of the converter and emptied into it. Through tuyeres in the bottom of the converter blasts of hot air are forced through the molten mass, at a pressure of twenty-five pounds to the square inch ; this is the peculiarity of the Bessemer process, the dccarlionization of the iron by the current of air, and its subsequent rccarbonization by the addition of spitgetei. sen, or -- looking-glass iron." The steel is kept at a liquid state by the combustion of a part of the iron, and is then run into ingots weighing twenty-five hundred pounds each. The supply of air furnished through the tuyeres requires the employment of two horizontal engines, furnished with steam bv twelve boilers, and two hydraulic pumps furnish the power Utilized by the cranes, etc., in the Itcssemer department. The steel ingots, thus manufactured, before they become cold are carried by an engine to the rail-mill, where they are heated to a higher temperature, rolled into a " bloom," and from that, bv successive passages through the diminish ing apertures in the heavy "rolls," into rails ; each ingot forming a rail one hundred and twenty feet long, which is cut into four lengths, of the customary rail-lengths - thirty feet. Six hundred tons jht diem of these rails can be made. The onlv rail made at these mills is the Hessemcr steel rail, although the company have mills elsewhere where iron rails are manufactured. The annual product of the rail-null is about one hundred and fifty thousand tons.

The following exhibit will give some adequate idea of the enormous quantity of material used, and manufactures completed at the South Chicago mill of the North Chicago Rolling Mill Company. Material consumed in a year : Iron ore, 325,000' tons ; coke, 200.- 000 tons ; coal. 125,000 tons; limestone, 150.000 tons: making a total of 800.000 gross tons, or fifty-four thousand car-loads, being one hundred and seventy-eight car-loads for each working day in the year. The manufactures are : Pig iron, 200,000 tons ; steel ingots, 170,000 tons; steel rails, 150.000 tons; aggregating 520,000 tons. The gross weight of the material and manufacture thus handled in a year is one million three hundred and twenty thousand tuns, I he number of men employed in the mill is two thousand, and the amount of wage, paid per year is one million dollars. The total horse-power of the machinery used is thirteen thousand ; and the total number of boilers employed in the manufacture of steam is one hundred and e.ght. The cost of the works is three million dollars ; the capital stock of the company is live million dollars, and the officers of the company are O W Potter, president ; N. Thayer, |r., vicepresident; S. Clement, treasurer, and R. C. Hannah secretary. -

The South Chicago Steam Boiler Works are kMated on .Ninety-fifth Street, a short distance west of Commercial Avenue. The firm comprise lohn C kcenan and koln-rt LundalL By these works the sUnd-pipe Of the Hyde Park waterworks was manu- cate!|Hn;,r''/R"KN F-T. & CrossIWQ WoWtt are locate t near Commercial Avenue anil the Rock Island depot, and will be opened about January ,, ,88. The company controlling them represent S500 000 «ptau\ operate the, nominally, 80-horse-power Corliss nrinc a fifteen-hundred pound steam-hammer and heat the buildings. The works will require, among other material, thirty steel rails of thirty feet each daily - the com. pany use no castings in their frogs or crossings - and. as these rails weigh sixty pounds to the yard, it is evident that there will be used 18,000 pounds, or nearly one ton of steel rails per diem. The works have a line of railroad that connects with the Western Indiana Belt rai.. road.

The South Chicago Wrought -Iron Gaj & Steam-Pipe Factory is situated at the corner of Ninety, second Street and Anthony Avenue, and has an area of about 100 feet by 200 feet: and, employing about 153 men, they daily convert into various sues of pipe ten tons of iron. The firm operating the works is Fieldhouse, Dutchcrft Belden.

The Robert Aitchnon Perforated Metal Company is thus described by Edward Fleischer: The Robert Aitchison Perforated Metal Co. can truthfully lay claim to being the oldest manufacturing establishment in South Chicago. Other establishments have existed and passed away when South Chicago was in its infancy.bct the above linn have continued since they came; and the steam from the exhaust pipe of their engine has been puffing away through panic times, hard times, and pod times. They came to stay, and with that intention, bought from'the South Chicago Canal & Dock Co. their present site, consisting of two acres bounded bv Ninetyfifth Street, C, R, I. & P. R. R., Escanaba and Muskegon avenues. South Chicago at that time consisted of land and water, in about equal pro|xjrtioils, and when the wind blew strong from the east, their building tare a close resemblance to a fort in mid-ocean. The melodious bull frog winked his eyes, croaked, and defied the wheels of progress to force it away from the halls of its ancestors. As railroad accommodation to reach the city was, at that time, very meager, some of those employed at the works slept'inthe building, and, after perforating metal all day they became a ptey to the perforating musquitoat night, which, like all game in South Chicago, at that time, were very large. The originators of the above business in the Northwest, were Robert and Andrew D. Aitchison, who, in 1S6S, commenced the manufacture of perforated metals. Their first press wis worked by foot power, and at that time the trade was kicked in earnest. Notwithstanding the up-hil: the beginning of their enterprise, their reputation for work soon became known to the trade. To meet increasing orders, thev built heavier machinery and substituted steam for foot power. Two years after commencing business they removed to North Jefferson Street. Chicago, where 'thev continued to do an tncrcav ing business for several years. While there they suffered greatly by being burned out. Refitting their establishment, they once more commenced operation. \Vi>h:ng to avoid the inconvenience and danger of having heav) machinery located in the upper stories of a building, they removed to their present site in South Chicago. Here their facilities have been greatly enlarged to meet their rapidly growing trade. Nine' power presses arc no» running, and at special seasons are inadequate to mee the demands of their customers. The partnership continued until 1879. when the above company was organized. The following arc the present officers: Robert Aitchison, president; John McWade. vice-president, Robert I». Aitchison, secretary; A. B. Condit, A. D. Aitchison, superintendent perforating »ori Andrew Drvsdale, superintendent of foundry. J** annual sales of the works amount to §100,000.

not only make perforated metals - their specialty - but manufacture mantels and castings of all kinds at their foundry: the South Chicago Foundry, a distinct enterprise from the metal works. They employ from forty to one hundred men.

Sitcliff & Bird's Foundry is situated on South Chicago Avenue near Ninety-fifih-sireet bridge, and although not ranking with the massive enterprises of South Chicago at present, will undoubtedly do so before long ; as they work themselves and have the desirable faculty of attending strictly to business.

Benjamin, Fischer .V Mai.lery likewise have extensive works for the manufacture of machinery and stationary engines that are growing restricted in comparison with the demands upon their capacity.

The South Chicago Forge & Bolt Works are on Ninety-sixth Street near the Calumet River, and are operated by the Chicago Forge iS; Bolt Works; officers. A. K. Adams, president ; Fred M. Steele, secretary, and Louis Wilkinson, superintendent. The company have a capital Of $125,000 and employ two hundred men. In addition to the bolts marie, there are about one hundred car-axles forged at the works, and tools of all sizes and shapes. The various buildings are constantly being enlarged by accessions and as rapidly as they are built, in a short time the enlarged accommodations are found to l>e too limited.

Among other factors of the prosperity of South Chicago may be mentioned the car shops of the Haitimore tt Ohio, and New York, Chicago \- St. Louis railroads. Of the necessities of the town, whereby a company is created and carries on a successful business, the South Chicago I >ock Company may be cited as an example. The pile-driving and dredging performed by this company are integers of the slip and dock system, that renders otherwise inaccessible points in Sotith Chicago vantage grounds for yards and warehouses. Some of the work performed is as follows : The South Chicago Dock Company completed 12,000 feet of dockage on the west side of the Calumet River, between One Hundredth and One Hundred and Sixth streets. The Calumet & Chicago Canal and Doc k Company constructed Last vear a slip 1.500 feet long, admitting three abreast an v lake vessels, and 1,800 feet of outer breakwater, extending south from South Chicago harbor. Its dockage between the Fort Wayne bridge and the North Chicago Rolling Mills on the west bank being now all rented at six dollars per foot, the company have begun a similar system on the east side of the river, to accommodate the coal business arising from the location of the coal-distributive station for the West on the east side of the river in Block 109, lying north of the Baltimore & Ohio bridge. Thus what was considered the great impediment to the prosperity of that region is demonstrated to be its great natural, practical utilization. The fenny character of the soil and its low-lying situation were deemed fatal obstructions to either comfortable residence or prosperous transaction of business, but this very moory characteristic renders it easily dredged, and the sump taken from the morass hcing deposited upon the adjacent bank of the prospective slip, raises such bank above the conterminous level and makes it available for all purposes. The dockage being the primal consideration, as making the points of warehousing interests easily accessible, the squashy nature of South Chicago soil is its principal recommendation, especially as the vast pile ot the rolling mill edifices at the mouth of the river satisfactorily testify to the |K>wers of sustcntation of the subsoil. Just the sagacity of the inceptors of the Calumet &

Chicago Canal and Dock Company in descrying this fact has made their fortunes ; that, and their persistent obtrusion upon the public notice, of the facilities South Chicago proffered for commercial purposes. The history of the region is one of tardy recognition of inherent advantages, of intrinsic value becoming known and tangibly appreciated despite influential opposition. In the annals of the town, there appears to have been no especial boom that led to its present populous and thrifty condition ; that some individuals may have overestimated the present necessities of the time wherein they inaugurated ventures is only an epitome of the general history of Western cities, towns and hamlets ; but in a town like South Chicago, the wildest dreams of visionaries are distanced by cold mercantile matter of fact.

On June 24, 1873, a convention was held at South Chicago, where John L. Bcveridge predicted that "I,ake Michigan will forever sing the blessings of the day when this harbor is opened." A little flamboyant, but true nevertheless.

Sou i'H Chicago a Fort of Entry. - South Chicago was made a port of entry, tributary to the Chicago district, in 1873. 1 '>e following table exhibits the arrivals and departures of sail and steam vessels, with their gross tonnage ; also the amount of dues collected, as follows :

The deputy collector at South Chicago is John L. Marsh ; the particulars exhibited were kindly furnished by I". C Greene, deputy collector of the Chicago Custom House. This is a lecture on the growth of the town. Andrew Rrimbill first opened his real estate office in 1873 ; the first personal enterprise of that nature in the town. From 1873 to the present time the progress of the town has been that of any commercial center ; augmentation by producing or manufacturing establishments and their employes. The advent of large numbers of inhabitants rendered necessary the presence of clergymen to minister unto their spiritual needs, and the following account specifies the establishment and growth of the various denominational sodalities, as nearly as can be ascertained ; definite data as to foreign congregations being sometimes impossible of acquisition, because of the collaborator's ignorance of the majority of the languages, distributed at the philological grab-bag of the Tower of (label.

The first religious gatherings at the settlement of Ainsworth were those of the Catholics. The first license for a fcrrv was given to William See, a clergyman and blacksmith, but there is no authentic evidence that he ever even visited the Calumet region ; still less held any religious service. Therefore the palm for the introduction of the Oospcl must be given *o the descendants of the early Catholic missionaries, who founded

The Parish or St. Patrick's is an old established partition bv the Catholic Church, and at one time embraced the entire district from the city limits to the Iniliana State line. The first church of St. Patrick s was built in 1860,011 the site of the present Boweu school, by Rev. Thomas Kcilcv, the proprietor of said site. Hanllv was the church limbed when tlie war broke out, and Father Kellcy became the chaplain of Mulligans Brigade. After spending two years as such military ecclesiastic he returned in shattered health, and lived only lung enough to see his little church completed and the cross raised upon it, above the ruin* of the Indian wigwams. - The following list comprises the Incumbent* of the office of parish priest of the parish of Saint Patrick'*: Reverends Thomas Kellcy, Peter Corchran. Peter O'Dowd, P. J. Murphy, P. J. C.onwav, - Bowles, R J. Potter, Michael Lyons, Thomas F. I.eydon, Thomas Kennedy. - Campbell, P. M, Flannigan, James Cassman, Penis A. Tighc and Martin van de I.aar. The latter assumed charge of the parish on February ti, 1880, when there were about one hundred and fifty families within the parochial boundaries. He was the first resident pastor, and established the parochial house and raised and enlarged the church and underneath it built an excellent school, well ventilated, commodious and with separate rooms for the scholars of different grades, Prior to Mr. Van de l.aar's incumbency there was no school. It was established in August, iSSja and is under the management of the Sisters of Mercy of the academy of Saint "Xavier, Chicago J the attendance, threeinonths after its establishment was two hundred and forty. Itsdimensions arc sixty feet by one hundred and twenty feet. Thcchurch and school are worth about $9,500. the parsonage about $4,000, and nine lots belonging to the church, about $1.5,500. The congregation has about four hundred families, or some three thousand people amenable to the religious direction of the parish priest. The church is a neat building capable of seating eight hundred comfortably, and is well adapted for auditory purpose*, It has emblematic stained windows behind the organ loft, and one on either side of the sanctuary representing Saint Patrick and Saint Bridget. Rev. .Martin Van de I.aar was born in the diocese of Uois-le-Duc, Holland, on April 9, 1844. and studied six years in the Petit Setninairc. and six years in the (irand Seminaire, of l!ois-lc- Duc, in the Septentrionale District. He left Holland in 187 1. arriving in Chicago the same rear, and remained there as assistant Priest of Saint CnhtmlikiH's Church, until his assignment to the parish of Saint Patrick's. Father van de Liar has the typical traits of the old Hollanders, sturdy, persistent industry -, paiu.stak-.ng am) unwearying application and firm tenacity of purpose ; in his physique and characteristics, ami in the revicw.d of the labor he has performcc, it is easy to trace descent from the men who fought the encroaching sea, and little by little ultimately conquered the ocean, lie lias for assistant priest, Father Owen kellcy, who commenced his duties on August 10, 188^. Mr. Kellev isa graduate of Saint Mary's Seminary, under the management of the Suinicians, in Baltimore, Md.

The second church, in point of early organization, is the Immakuel Evangelical Lu rnr.R.\N Chi rch. It i* situated on Houston Avenue between Ninetieth and Ninety-first streets, and ts a neat two-story frame building. The first Lutheran congregation, organised in 1 87 1 , was that of this church, of which Ferdinand Foederlein, now in Homewond, Cook County, was pastor ; he was SllO ceded by H. P. Dubnurg. nnw in fll.nl; Oak.Coo't County, and he by the present pastor, Carl FasslelJt, in May, 1S70. The congregation comprises about one hundred Swedish families, of whom about fifty ire church members. The parochial school, conducted h Swedish and Fnglish, has about seventy-five jujiiis; Adolph Hcrier is the principal of the school, under the superintendence of the pastor. The church building, school and property, is valued at about $7,000.

The FiKsi Coscio.i; ai ional Chtrch - On N-ptetnber 1'', 1^7:, .1 meeting was held at Harbor Avcntr, whereat the question of the formation of a aggregation and tin. erection ofa bouse of worship was discosHi I It was then do ided and a constitution was adopted anil the following names signed thereto: Gideon E. Clark.* Klant G.Clark. David McDote, Charles E, Bacon, t.K. Ci Kites, i red C. \Veisiogle. Louis VVetslogle, Mrs. A. B. Weislogl. . ('' L. Tiffany, T. S. Spaffnnl, G K. Edwards, R. H. Kent, W. K. Dcmpsey, R B. Pooler. I F. Persise, Jr., (). F. Gear, Robert Cuvert and J. C I luckworth. Coder the auspices of this congregations church was built and completed about New Year's day, 1873. Of this church Rev. C. A. Towlc liecanu- pastor in the fall of 1875. This was the original Congrejo.- tional society. In the spring of 1874 the following persons met and organized the First Congregational Church of South Chicago: William H. MiUer.t first de«»n; Marv \ Miller, Flora Miller, Richard Ransom, Marina A Ransom. Jacob Schcll, Marv M. Schell, Charles fc. Bacon, Sarah F. Brandt, Jane Caddick. M. Jennie Towle. and C. A. Towlc, first pastor. On August 1 1S76, C. A. Towle left and Rev. L. T. Chamberlain, at the New England Congregational Church, had the n» plying of the pulpit until January I, 1877, when Kev. i_. H. Rogers, of Chicago, served as pastor until May "5; 1877. and then Rev. W. B. Floyd occupied the pulr»l until October 1. 1877. After that date the pulpit fj* desultorilv occupied until ChrLstmas of 1878, when Rev T. A. Wa'dsworth assumed charge of theChurcliand remained about a year. Then again there was a casual supplv until April 10. ittt, when Rev. George Hiram Bird occupied the pulpit on probation; he wasca icuithe pastorate June 17. 1M1, the society met and concurred in the call June 24. Mh and on June » W. he accepted. On July 7 a ^u»cil c JTf5 iiastors convened for his examination and oriimaiiorc

George Hiram Bird was born in M.lford, »- |uh ;. .8,4. but passed almost all his earl rWe* Cambridge. Mass., his primary studies being T"^ ; at the grammar school at that place.- Next he «*W Phillips Academy at Andover, where he graduated" ,S;o. He was then in business with h.s father .»» foundry at Cainbridgcport. Mass.. for one and vears. ' In the fall of .877 he entered HanraM u» lege, graduating in the summer o 1*75 < \ " . ' - year he taught school at Foxb^.ro, Mass.. arid junn, this peri.nl of teaching decided upon StuUJ Rg the ministry. In the fall of 1876 Mr. Bird went 1 > ; Haven Theological Seminary and staid there w _ preaching in Albany. Maine, during the " '., vacations In the fall of -«;* he continued h.s tl - teal studies... Andover Theological Seminary. 6" ing there in the . lass of 1879; the summer 0 F he s].e,.l at Augusta, Me., taking a post B^U"" ^ at Andover. July 1. iS«o. In this month he . are : and located in Englcwood. preaching tnen - weeks, when he was invited to settle there; while considering the matter he was invited to Sooth Chicago and came in iSSi. In the winter of 1881-82 the church was enlarged to more than double its previous congregational capacity, having room now (or three hundred people; it was occupied, with services, the PiM Sunday in March. 18S2. It is now twenty-four feet by sixty feet in area, with a wing twenty-four feet by twentysix feet connected thereto, and is worth, with the ground, about $5,000. The congregation numbers about two hundred and the Sunday-school about two hundred and fifty. This church also maintains a mission Sunday-school, at the Ninety - eighth street Danish Chapel', of some seventy-five or one hundred children.

Swedish Methodist Church. - This congregation have a neat building on the southeast corner of Exchange Avenue and Ninety-first Street; they haveno regular supply for the pulpit at present. The church numbers about twenty-live members, and the present building was erected in 1882. A Free Methodist congregation also meets here.

Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church. - The Danes of South Chicago, who profess the faith of this Church, meet at their church on Ninety-eighth Street, near Commercial Avenue. The last pastor, who regularly supplied the pulpit, was Rev. H. P. "Duborg. The Danish Chapel of the Congregational Mission also have services at the same place.

German Baptist Church - This congregation is a mission from the Church at Colehour. and was organized April 18, 1882 ; pastor, Gotthard Mengel. Meetings are held in the church building that was first opened on October 1, 1SS2, on Superior Avenue, near Ninety-second Street, on Sunday evening ; the congregation at time of organization was fifty, and the Sunday-school .scholars forty ; the congregation at present numbers sixty-four, and the attendance at the Sunday-school averages seventy-seven. The value of the church property is §2,929.

First Baptist Church. - The congregation of the First Baptist Church meet in the building belonging to the German Baptist Church, and have the pulpit supplied by studentsH'rom the Morgan Park Seminary. D. I). O'Deil l>eing the gentleman who now performs that function. The congregation is not large, but is composed of earnest workers.

Swedish Evangelical Lutheran Bethanv CHURCH. - This church was first organized in June, 1880, with about twenty-seven members. The trustees then were Ola I'ctcrson, Nels Munson, G. A. Johnson, Nels Paulson, Charles P. Sjoquist and Magnus Johnson, and these trustees held office until January 1. 1881, when a regular election was held. The congregation met for some time in the Taylor school and then in the schoolroom of the German Lutheran Church. The church was commenced in August, 1881, and completed in February, 1882, the building of which cost $-M5°- The Ca'lumet & Chicago Canal and Dock Company gave one lot to the c hurch ; the other cost $600 : they are now worth §1,250 each. There was never a regular minister of this Church, the pulpit having been supplied from the Augustana, Rock Island. College. The congregation now numbers al>out two hundred. The Sunday-school was inaugurated in 1882, and has an average attendance of fortv-five scholars. The present trustees of the church are Ola Peterson, Nels Munson, John

Hyde Park

Lindquist, John Peterson, Pchr August Israelson and Jacob Gotthard Vallin ; the deacons are Nels Munson, John Peterson. P. A. Israelson. Magnus Johnson, Charles P. Sjoquist and Carl Magnus Swenson. In connection with the church the Lutheran secular school was held, three months' tuition having been given in 1882, Miss Anna C. Vide'n, principal; and four months' instruction imparted in 1S83, A. P. Martin, principal. The sessions of the school were held in the church and the average attendance was forty-four.

Methodist Episcopal Church - This religious body was organized November 18, 1875, at the Masonic Hall, South Chicago, with Elder Gloss of Joliet, in the chair. The name adopted was the First Methodist Episcopal Church, of South Chicago, and the officers were K. Ransom, secretary ; Stephen Hawkins, treasurer; E. W. Parmeley, C. E. Bacon, U. P. Edmond, A. J Burroughs and R. Ransom, trustees, and R. Ransom, E. W. Parmeley and Lewis Burnwood, stewards. The congregation now numliers about fortylive, w ith a Sunday-school of about one hundred; church is held in the Masonic Block and Rev. John Lee is the pastor. The present trustees are Andrew Krimbill, G. B. Hannahs, Lorenzo D. liarr, Nathan M. Reynolds, Fen tO II Tinsley and William Marsh. The Church owns five lots on the northeast corner of Superior Avenue and Ninety-first Street, worth $4,000, whereon it is intended to build a handsome church.

The Church oe the IMMACULATE Conception.* - This church was founded in the summer of 1S82 by Rev. John Kadziejewski. and is composed of Poles, The church is situated on the comer of Eighty eighth Street and Commercial Avenue, and is one of the mast prominent objects in the landscape when entering the city from the west. It is a large two-storied frame building, fifty feet by one hundred and thirty ; the first floor being used for' secular school purposes, at which one hundred ami fifty children attend. The school is conducted by the Sisters of the Incarnate Word from Texas. When the Church was founded there were one hundred and fifty families in the parish, now there are twf) hundred and fifty that attend services. The cost of the building was $18,000, of the land $5,600.

The Church of Saints Peter and Paul. - This Catholic congregation was founded in the spring of 1882 by Kcv. Mathias William Barth, the first pastor. The temporary church and school edifice is a frame building forty feet by eighty-five feet, the first story being used for a school and the upper story for church purposes. It is situated at the corner of Ninety-first Street and Exchange Avenue, and cost $9,200; the ground pertainingtothc church comprises five lots twenty-five feet by one hundred and thirty-five feet, and cost $.3,710. The parish at the formation of the church had tortyfive families ; it now numliers ninety-five The school is conducted by the Sisters of Saint Francis from Joliet, and there religious and secular instruction is given ; the regular attendance thereat is eighty children.

South Chicago Presbyterian Church. - This l>ody was organized in June, 1882, with fourteen members. They then met, and still continue to meet, at Centennial Hall ; the pastor still being the one who has charge of the congregation, Rev. O. W. Lattimore. The members of the Church now number twentyeight, and the attendance at the Sunday-school averages fifty-five children. It is contemplated by the congregation, to erect a church edifice within the ensuing year.

is the result of a secession from the Irnmanucl Lutheran Church, occasioned by an inability upon the part of the seeedcrs to subscribe to a Calvanistic doctrine of predestination. The first meeting of the anti-Calvinists was held in January, 1S82, and commencing at 8 l». m., lasted until after midnight. Consequent upon this meeting the Church was organized in March, 1S82. and the first meeting was held in the new church on .Superior nor Avenue, between Ninety-lint and Ninety-second streets, on April 2, 1881. At the same lime the school was established, wherein is taught an English-tierman course of study, lused upon religious principles; of this school the former principal was C. F. E. Sauter, who was succeeded by F. Ganschow The pastor, Heinrich Karl (iotthelf Doermann, has funeral supervision of the school Uc is . man wh 1 commands respect by the <|uiet fervor of his belief and the deep earnestness of his nature. The congregation numbered twenty-six at its inception and now has thirty-two members; the school has grown from thirteen to seventv-two scholars, and the Sunday-school has an average attendance of about about eighty-five. The church building and grounds are valued at §,;,ooo.

From this syllabus of the various creeds taught in many languages, .t is apparent that a man must be extremely isolated in his dogmatism and language, if his theological beliefs could not receive sustenance and comfort m the churches of South Chicago

Fire Department. - On August 24. 1874, a company was organized to operate the chemical engine inended for this company. The members were about the same as those of Hose Company No. c ; A R Ilcck was captain and M. B. Arnold secretary. The chemical engine was received by the company in October, ,fc74 am placed in their first house, an old build- 'ng on Harbor Avenue, between Ninety-first and Nmety-second streets, that had been donated to the company by James H. Bowen. and repaired by he members of the company. . y

On August 6, 1876, a yachting event occurred at South ( hicago that being the first time the Chicago vadit clubs visited the South Chicago docks. Eleven vachts l>articipated in the excursion, as follows: " Fletrtning "' Commodore Tim Bradley, head of the squadron- HAnue Louise Carey," Vice-Commodore William Rear Commander John A. Farrow and Secretary* f' Kroner ; -- Peri," Treasurer fohn F. Triggs; "Frolic," Captain John Prindiville ; " Lulu," Captain William E Miller, and the yachts -' Zephyr," " Falcon," " ValijiM." " Lizzie, " Dawn " and '- Drew."

Diversity of theological opinion creates a multiplklly of churches, difference of nationality f^ets a variety of secret societies. While some admire the calm placidity of the initiations of the Sons of Temperance, others are not content unless they are subjected to Druidical hammer and longs, or the' severe ordeals demanded by kindred organizations. It is a curious fai i also that the inetaphysn al, deliberative t'lernian always takes his secret societies highly spiced with ihe "hudale tyni tfenuam rW clt eiilnile " element ; creating the suspicion to the woe-begone novitiate that Dtmtuh on!,;- von Harugari really may mean to him the (ierman order of Hari-Kari. Phis fact is a peculiar stud) for the ethnologist and pln-sio!, gist Went \ % fact of a southern race who arc hot-blooded and impulsive, in lieu of a phlegmatic, steady, careful people, im peculiarity would be observable. It is. however, a fart that in the itnpartation of degrees by (ierman lodge*, such degrees arc customarily about the boiling point. This, however, may not apply to Mfi.omama Lodge, No.

D. O. H., which was organized February 1, 1874, by Henry Trager, and at that date had thirteen members ; it now has fifty-eight members, a fund of sixteen hundred dollars, no debts, and the follow ing officers: Charles Bergner. O. B.; Richard I). Leader, U. B.; Mathew Sanlcy, secretary; Peter Ringclbenjer, treasurer, and Frank Spaeti, financial secretary.

South Chicago, Stamm 222, United Order of R«l Men, was chartered September 4, 1881, with the following charter members : John Born, Fritz Lciu, Adolf Oelkers, Peter Weber, Charles Buschcl, H Kerker, Fritz Meyer, |oscph Petrij, Jacob Sicbert, William Mosler, Joseph Michel and Anton Zunwtein. The first officers were : John Horn, O. (". ; Fritz l.etw, U. C. ; Joseph Michel, B. C. ; Peter Weber. P. : Chr. Anderson, 1st S.; Charles Buschel, ad S.; Joseph Petri). T.J Henry Kerker, K.; Simon Willnau, W., and Anton Zumstcin, G. The present officers are : Henry Kerker. O. C; John Wulf, U. C; Anton Zumstein. B. Cj fcM Weber. P.; Charles Buschel. tst S : Hit Heinscn. H S.l Jac. Seter, T ; Max Bermes, K.; Gus. Preuss, W . and Otis. Mass, G.

Sinai Chapter, Xo. 185, R. A. M., received a dispensation December 15, 18S1, and was chartered October 17, 1882. The first officers were A. R. Beck. M. E. H. P.; W. B. Arnold, E. K..; George K. Edwards, E. S.; E. P. Summers, secretary. The first team that passed through the arch were R. L. Lindlev, J. I). Wright and R. J. Rowlands, and the feat was successfully accomplished on March 6, 1882. The present officers of the chapter are : A. R. Beck. M. E. H. P.; W. B. Arnold,

E. K.; Thomas Dewier, E. S.; J. D. Wright, C. of H.J J. G. Laning. P. S.; Louis Bush, R. A. C; Ambrose X. -Smith. G. M, 3d V. j Isaac H. Bendell. G. M. 2d V ; J. Hermann, G. M. 1st V.; T. D. Avann, secretary, and August Schnell, treasurer. The nuinber of royal arch companions is forty-eight. The Chapter and Blue Lodge meet at the' Masonic Hall, corner of Houston Avenue and Ninety-Second Street.

A. E. Burnside Post. No. ioq.G.A.R.. Department of Illinois, located at South Chicago, was organized pursuant to a call from Alfred Wilson, inserted in the newspapers and circulated by means of hand-bills, asking the ex-soldiers living in the vicinity to assemble at Eigen man's Hall on the evening of August 17. 1 881. In answer to that request there assembled the following, by whom Alfred Wilson was unanimously selected as chairman of the meeting ; C. B. Rushmore, T. R. Grant, W. H. Ford, George W. Richards. James Henshaw. E. Newell, C. E. Bradford, William A. Nuckels, Adolph Oelkers and William Kratzenbcrg. Another meeting was held August 27, and arrangements made for the organization of a post, on the evening of September 14, 1881. On that evening the post was organized, with the following charter members : Alfred Wilson. T. R. Grant. W. H. Ford, W. T. Monical, A. J. Scott. James Henshaw, Adolph Oelkers, George W. Richards, C. B.

Rushmore, ChrLs. O'Bryan, William Kratzenbcrg, Charles E. Bradford. William Schncegass, Henry B. Newsam, R. W. Washburn and George A. Wilson ; and the following officers were elected : James Henshaw, commander; Alfred Wilson, S, V. commander; T. R. Grant, J. V. commander: Adolph Octkcrs, O. I).; Chris. O'Bryan, 0. G.; C. B. Rushmore, chaplain; A. J. Scott, Q. M.; M. B. Arnold, surgeon, and Newton McKee. adjutant. The present officers of the post are: Alfred Wilson, commander ; L. A. White, S. V. commander ; L. L. Fosberry, J. V. commander; C. B. Rushmore, chaplain; M. B. Arnold, surgeon; A. N. Smith, O. D.; Charles Ricksii ker, O. G.; L. L. Dennick, i). M., and H. C. Hoffman, adjutant. The post has now a membership of fifty-five.

Amalgamated Iron and Steel Workers' Association. Michigan Lodge, No. 1, meets at South Chicago; David Ray. president; Thomas McNamara, vice-president : Theophile Laramie, secretary ; William McVey, financial secretary, and William Lowry. treasurer.

Division No. 0, A. (>. H..* was instituted November 7, 187S, with the following officers: Michael Doyle, president; E. I). Tobin, vice-president; Edward Owens, recording secretary; James Conley, financial secretary; snd John Fogarty. treasurer. The present officers are: E. D. Tobin, president; Thomas Egan, vice-president; Michael McManus, financial secretary; John Colbert, recording secretary: Thomas Farrell, treasurer, and Bernard Conway, marshal. 'The present membership is three hundred and fifty.

South Chicago Land League was organized March 27. i88t: Dan Duggan, president ; James F. Duffy, vice-president ; J. J. Larkin, secretary, and Michael Doyle, treasurer. 'The membership numbers four hundred. 'The National League was organized October 12. 1885, with Michael Doyle, president; John Murphy, vice-president: Dan Duggan, secretary ; John Colbert, treasurer, and tiftv members.

The Mutual Protective Association of Hvi>k Park has the following officers: Fritz Jaeger, president; August Busse, vice-president; P. C. Crawford, secretary, anil C. Eigenman. treasurer.

The South Chicago Building ,* Loan Association has the following officers: A. R. Beck, president^!. Beynon, vice-president; T. D. Avann. secretary;

South Chicago Dramatic Club first came into existence on December 15, 1882, with the following officers: George W. Richards, manager; George h Long, stage manager ; B.C. Garsidc, secretary; C. S. BowMan, treasurer; Frank C». While, musical director. The manager is also the manager of the South Chicago Opera I louse - owned by R. A. Davis - in the W innipeg Block.

Fihuciakv Interests are represented by the depositary of John I.. Marsh, the Home Bank, and the Calumet National Bank of South Chicago, which purchased the interest of the South Chicago Bank, of which J. Ramsey Flood was manager. The officers of the Calumet National Bank, whose organization was completed in December, 1SS5, are H. P. Taylor, president; E. (1. Clark, vice-president, and C. P. Wilder, cashier. The directors are H. I*. Taylor, E. (J. Clark, Andrew Krimhill, A. R Heck, C, F Swan, C. E. Bacon and William

A. Hammond, The capital is §50,000 ; the slock being fully paid up anil held by the directors, except an interest of which C. R. Cummings is the proprietor.

The Citizens' Literary Association supports this praiseworthy institution, the rooms pertaining to which are in the Winnipeg Block. Tire Chicago daily papers as well as local issues, are on file there, and a library also furnishes mental food gratis to those who <lesire it.

Company K, second regiment of infantry Illinois National Guard, was mustered into the service on April 19, 188.V The present meml>ers are John A. Mcintosh. Captain; Charles H. Krimhill, Erst Lieutenant, and Harrv c. Huffman, Second Lieutenant; Martin Ant, John W, Boyer, James W Ball. Bernard F. Clcttenberg, William Cook, George H. De Kay. Max Eckstein, William S. Farnsvvorth. Elmer M. Gates, Harry Grant. Edwin E. Criswold, Frank F. Goodsite, George