Elizabeth Township

Elizabeth Township

The Village of Elizabeth is situated near the township line, between the Townships of Elizabeth and Woodbine. The historical fort of the Black Hawk War was situated near the same line ; and, in fact, the history.of the two townships maintain, throughout, such intimate connection that it is thought advisable to unite them in our historical sketch.

The valley probably had no white visitor until the coming of A. P. Van Matre, in 1825. The. legend is current that Mr. Van Matre was asked by an Indian girl whom he met, what he was seeking for. Upon replying that he was prospecting for mineral, he received the proposal, that if he would marry her, she would show him a good lead of mineral. He, doubtless, considered the bargain a very good one, and accepted it, when he was made acquainted with the diggings in the hollow, near Elizabeth, which have received his name. Here, on the bank of the river, he built the first smelting furnace in that part of the county, and also built a house on the opposite side of the river, where he continued to live and mine. The diggings were not exhausted for more than a dozen years.

The next earliest accounts of a civilized visitor to the rich valley of Apple River point to Henry Van Volkenburg, who is reputed to have passed through the territory now called Elizabeth, as early as 1827, on a trapping and prospecting excursion. Mr. Van Volkenburg afterwards returned to Ohio, then came

Thaddeus Hitt came to Galena in 1825, and soon went to Elizabeth, where in 1831, he married his wife, Rebecca, who is still living near the village, where Mr. Hitt died, in June, 1877, at the age of eighty-three. Mrs. Hitt is the oldest living resident of Woodbine Township.

In 1827 Nathaniel Morris settled on his farm, four miles northwest of Elizabeth, where he still resides with his family, being the oldest living resident of Elizabeth Township.

Thomas Killion, a mulatto, with his family and a white man named Lee, settled about this time on a farm three fourths of a mile northeast of the village (in Woodbine Township).

A smelting furnace was built near the site of the fort, one half mile east of northeast from the village site (Woodbine Township) in 1827, by Labaum and St. Vrain,* who also opened the first store of the vicinity in a cabin situated where Mr. Mathew's residence now stands. The furnace was managed by Charles Tracy until the Black Hawk War, after which it was not used.

John D. Winters and family, settled on the Apple River at the site of the iron bridge, in Elizabeth Township. He and Captain Clack Stone owned the claim on which the village of Elizabeth is located and was for many years a prominent resident of this vicinity. His two children, Martha and Theodore, were the first white children born in Elizabeth Township.

"Uncle Ben" Tart, as he is called, the oldest settler now living in the Village of Elizabeth and the second oldest resident of the township, came up the Mississippi on the steamer " Dove" and landed at Galena in April 1832, where, before getting off the boat, he hired out to Charles Bowers and came with him, on an ox wagon, to his farm three miles southwest of Elizabeth. Here he worked until in May of that year, when rumors of an Indian War frightened the scattered pioneers and brought them together at Labaum and St. Vrain's store for consultation. They did not remain long inactive, but before night had constructed a rude fort for their protection. Trees were felled, split, and about one hundred feet square of ground was enclosed by driving these rough posts down, close together, leaving them above ground about twelve feet. One corner of the fort was formed by the log house in which one of the settlers had lived. In the opposite corner, was built a " block house," of two stories, with the upper story projecting over the other about two feet, so that the Indians could not come up near to the building for the purpose of setting it on fire, without being exposed to the guns of the settlers, from above. On one side of the yard were built two long cabins, for dwelling purposes, and in the two corners not occupied by houses, benches were made to stand upon and reconnoitre.

On the" first day there were but twenty-two men and twenty-three women and children in the fort. Among them the following names have been remembered :

Ambrose White, Captain Clack Stone, Samuel Hughlett, Robert Johnson, and family, including his son, then a young man, James and John Flack, Jesse

Van Buskirk, Jefferson Clark, Wm. Lawhorn, Nathaniel Morris and family, Henry Van Volkenburg and family, Thaddeus Hitt and family, John Armstrong and family, Benj. Tart, Charles Tracy, Mrs. Winters (her husband being at Galena) - Killion and family - Lee - Jamison and family, including son, John Murdock and family. Charles Bowers, arrived that evening from Galena. These people continued to live here for some time without being molested. Here the first marriage of white persons occurred ; Jane, a daughter of John Murdock was wedded to Jefferson Clark, the ceremony being performed by Mr. McDonald.

The people made use of lead, at the furnace of which Mr. Tracy had charge, to make a cannon ; but this, says Mr. Tart, " proved useless until the capture of Black Hawk at the battle of Bad Axe, in Wisconsin, when it was loaded to the muzzle and fired, in celebration of the event ; it then burst, killing a soldier - probably the only person it killed during the war."

After moulding bullets and making all due preparations for an attack, the settlers began to have thought for the crops, which required attention. One man, Stephen H. Howard, returned to his farm, in Hanover Township, and was afterwards killed while endeavoring to regain horses which the Indians had stolen from his barn, a more complete account of which appears in the history of Hanover Township.

On a Sabbath of June, the 24th, four messengers - F. Dixon, G. W. Herclerode - Kirkpatrick, and Edmund Welch - who were en route from Galena to Dixon, were attacked by Indians while passing through the gap near the fort, and one of them, Mr. Welch, was wounded in the thigh. Mr. Dixon rode on, and reached Dixon in safety, but the others, including the wounded man, hurried to the fort.

The Indians soon made an assault, but were repulsed. The women and children loaded guns for the men, by which they were enabled to keep up a rapid firing. This deceived the Indians as to the number of men within the fort, and they soon withdrew from the range of muskets. The attack lasted three quarters of an hour. The only life lost among those in the fort was that of George W. Herclerode, who was shot in the neck and instantly killed, as he was standing on one of the benches, looking over the pickets, to try his, the only percussion-lock gun in the fort. It is not known how many, if any, Indians were killed, as they conceal their dead, although some blood was afterwards seen in a deserted cabin.

After the assault upon the fort, the Indians rifled the houses of the settlers, and destroyed much valuable property. Elijah McDonald has now a large, black walnut book-case which was in his father's house during that siege, showing the marks of an Indian tomahawk.

With whomsoever the aggression may have been at the beginning of the Black Hawk War, these people acted only on the defensive, and their bravery and courage, in protecting the lives of their families, were the subjects of much comment.

The Galenian of June 25th says : " The women were all occupied as well as the men - girls of eight years took their part, some made cartridges, some run bullets, some loaded muskets, all were engaged, and God grant that America may never have greater cowards in her armies than the ladies in Apple River Fort."

Immediately after the war, John D. Winters moved to the hill just east of the site of Elizabeth, in the edge of Woodbine Township, where he established a tavern, and continued to direct the stage line. Here, also, the post-office

In 1842, Horr and Smith built a saw mill west of Elizabeth, on the Apple River, which they continued to run until 1848, when Henry Glessner became a partner, after which the style of the firm was " H. Glessner & Co." In 1852, Mr. Smith sold his interest to Joseph Watson. The mill was changed to a carding, and afterwards to a yarn mill. In 1857, Mr. Glessner purchased the interest of Mr. Watson, and Isaac Horr died, although the estate of Mr. Horr continued to hold a one third interest until 1867, when it was sold, together with one third interest, belonging to Mr. Glessner, to Eby and Hefty, who purchased the remaining one third interest of Mr. Glessner in January, 1870, since which time the firm name has been " Eby & Hefty." They work seven months of the year, turning out 8,000 pounds of yarn. They have a dam one hundred 'and twenty feet long and five feet high, furnishing a power equal to twenty horses.

The first building erected within the site of Elizabeth was a saloon by Mr. Knack, a year or two after the war. Mr. Knack took the liberty of chopping logs for his cabin from the claim of Henry Van Volkenburg, during his absence. The first tavern was built by John Gates, and now forms a portion of Robert Scott's residence, on Main Street. Rev. Aratus Kent, who came to Galena in 1829, first gave religious instruction to the miners of this vicinity in 1830. Mr. Kent has been mentioned by the earliest members of many settlements in Jo Daviess County as a man who bravely bore the hardships of those years, and labored with a stern integrity to soften the characters and maintain the religious devotion of those men whom the wild surroundings had a tendency to make harsh and rough. From Mrs. Gates, now a resident of Woodbine, who settled there in the Fall of 1834, we learn some of the names of residents, at that time, on Jewell's Prairie - so-called from one of its first settlers, Mr. Jewell. Among them were: John McDonald, Henry Van Volken- Durg> John Murdock, A. B. White, Johnson Young, George Harper, Milton Claypool, William Higgins, William Lawhorn, Francis Graham, Royal Daniels, Thaddeus Hitt, and Mr. Jewell.

In 1844, A. B. White and Solomon Shore organized the school districts and built two school houses - one on Jewell's Prairie and another on Tarpen

Ridge. The former was taught by Perry, and the latter by Henry Wolcott. At that time there was another school-house in the township, located near Elizabeth.

Religious services were held in the school-houses for a number of years, until in 1868 the Methodist Church was erected. J. F. Yates is believed to have preached the first sermon, although the first regular pastor of the church was James Rogers. Cyrus Carpenter and John Wixson were then leading members. At present Rev. William Liverton officiates.

The German Methodist Church of Woodbine is situated on Jewell's Prairie, on the farm of Leonhard Bastian. It was erected in 1871 and dedicated October 29. The first trustees for five years were: George Hermann, William Hildebrand, John Andrus, Henry Schultz and Erhard Dittmar. The present trustees are : Leonhard Bastian, Fredrich Steffens, George Krall, Samuel Horsch and John Andrus. Their ministers have been John Schnieder, for two years; John Schaad, one year; Henry Sauer, two years; Philip Hummel, one year, and Carl Miller, two years, the present pastor.

In 1837, Bird and Gomer built a saw mill near the forks of Apple River, which they continued to operate until 1847, when it was sold to James DeGraff, who transformed it into a grist mill. It was first operated by Hiram Tyrrell. He afterwards disposed of this to James B. Watts, by whose name it has since been known, although Roberts & Co. became its proprietors, and it is now owned by Mr. Sampson.

The Village of Elizabeth was laid out in 1839 by Charles R. Bennett, surveyor, on the land of John D. Winters and Captain Clack Stone, in the southeast quarter of section 24, township 27, range 2 east. It is one hundred and seventy feet above the water of Apple River. Its streets were : Madison, Main, Washington and Illinois Streets, running south, 35 deg. east; West, Vine and Catlin Streets, running north 8 deg. east; Myrtle, Sycamore, Poplar, Orange and East Streets, running north 55 deg. east.

John D. Winters afterwards laid out an addition which received the name of " Reynolds' Addition,'' in honor of Abram Reynolds, an early settler and the agent of the citizens in 1847 to purchase, at the Dixon land sale, all the lands of section 24, on which the village was located.

An election was held May 4, 1868, at the school-house, with D. Robinson, president, and W. H. Eustace, clerk, to ascertain the feeling of citizens regarding the incorporation of Elizabeth, as a village, at which seventy-four votes were cast for, and thirty-two against, incorporation.

After the Black Hawk War, Mr. Tart was absent from Elizabeth until 1843. Before his return Mr. P. J. Pilcher came (in 1841) and settled there with his family during the following year. Hence, Mr. Pilcher, who is still living there, is the oldest (continuous) living resident in the village. At the time of his arrival, James B. Watts and Samuel Nye had opened their store, the first one of prominence in the village.

James W. White opened a store, and in the Fall of 1843 Robert Barker, who still resides at the edge of town, built a( store room and opened a general stock of goods.

After Watts & Nye opened their store, the post-office was moved there from the tavern of Mr. Winters, in Woodbine Township, and Samuel Nye was made postmaster.

In 1864, Mr. Barker sold out to Mr. Fraser, who, with his son, is still doing business there under the firm title of Fraser & Son. There are at present eighteen stores, among the prominent ones being those of Fraser & Son, D. Robinson, Goldsworth & Rankin, and Weir & Barrett, each of whom keep a general stock of goods. There is one hotel - the " Union Hotel " - of which Thomas B. Shaw is proprietor. There are four physicians: Drs. Kittoe, Wm. Howarth, and the firm of Hutton & Beebe.

Schools. - At the time of Mr. Barker's arrival, school was kept by Mr. Quigley in an old log building, bought by the people, which had been a dwelling. In this house meetings were also held by Rev. McKane. When the Presbyterian Church was completed, in 1846, it was used for school purposes until the present school-house was erected.

Mr. Packard, now a prominent educational worker of Chicago, first taught in the church, followed by Mr. Coleman. Mr. Eberhart opened the school in the new school building.

As the village grew, more school room was found necessary, and the Odd Fellows' Hall, situated just north of the school-house, was rented for school purposes. This school is now taught by Miss Amelia Davis, while the teachers in the school-house proper are Henry McKay, principal, assisted by Miss Abbie Linn.

From this time to the date of organization of the society, February 9, 1844, there was occasional preaching in private houses by Rev. Kent and Rev. Osias Littlefield, the latter of whom organized the church. At the organization the following trustees were elected: Win. P. Warwick, James B. Watts, Wm. Bothwell and John Rees. A stone building was purchased in 1846, and fitted for church use. In this services were conducted until the erection of the present frame building in 1875, at a cost of $2,500.

The Methodist Church. - The Methodist Association of Elizabeth is the oldest one, except that of Galena, in Northwestern Illinois ; but owing to the fact that no records were made previous to the coming of Hon. Henry Green, in 1842, the facts regarding the Church previous to that date can not be obtained. At that time the Elizabeth Circuit extended north into Wisconsin, and south to include Savanna, Carroll Co. It is thought to have been organized in 1837. They first met in the old log school-house. The first Methodist Church was erected in i845-'6 ; size 26 by 40 feet. The present one was built in 1871. Its size is 40 by 60 feet, seating 450 persons.

The Village Trustees are : George H. Green, Thomas Goldsworthy, Thomas Eustace, Charles Banworth, and Leopold Hessig. Clerk, E. R. Smith. There is a post-office in Section 4, near the north line of the township, called " Avery," where there was at one time a tavern.

The bridge spanning Apple River, west of Elizabeth, was built originally of wood, in 1859. An iron bridge was built on the same abutments, by the township and county, regarding which the following resolution appears on the Board of Supervisors' Record, dated September 13, 1871 :

"Resolved, That the sum of $2,134, or one half the cost of building an iron bridge over Apple River, in the Town of Elizabeth, be, and is hereby appropriated; the County to be at one half the cost of the bridge; provided said cost does not exceed $4,268 ; the appropriation to be paid when the bridge is completed and accepted ; said bridge to be built under the supervision of the

About 1842, Horr and Smith built a saw mill on the Apple River, west of Elizabeth, on Section 23. A few years thereafter Glessner, Horr and Smith put in machinery, and started a carding-mill, which was again changed to a yarn-mill. The present proprietors are Charles Eby and John Hefty.

WESTON. - In 1842 and "3, the mines two miles west of the Village of Elizabeth, gained considerable notoriety and, naturally, a large number of miners flocked to the vicinity. Many small patches of mineral were found, generally distributed with some fine bodies of ore.

In 1843, Green, Tart, Hughlett and Estey started the first smelting furnace. At that time there were but three cabins at that place, George Williams owned one - Vandyke another ; the proprietor of the third has been forgotten. Many cabins sprung up in rapid succession and. in 1844, " Green, Goldthorp & Co." (Estey having sold out to Wm. Goldthorp), started a general store, and postoffice. O. A. Bennett was first postmaster, then Mr. Goldthorp managed the store and post-office while Mr. Green attended to the smelting. A Methodist Church was soon erected there in which Rev. Father McKane first preached. Its pulpit has been generally occupied by the Elizabeth pastor. Mr. A. B. Lewis soon opened school in the church building, which was continued until the erection of the school house in 1862. Mr. Lewis taught seven successive years. The teacher now is Mr. Wenner.

March 8, 1847, tne Village of Weston was laid out and platted by John C* Gardner on the land of Benjamin Tart, in the west half of the southeast quarter of section 22.

But the village was not destined to prosper. As one of its proprietors remarked, " It sprung up like Jonah's gourd and died in the same manner." When the pockets of the earth were exhausted the miner shouldered his pick and sought other fields. The store was closed and in 1859 the post-office was discontinued. At present Mr. Wm. Goldthorp is the principal proprietor. Mr. Henry Green has a smelting furnace between Elizabeth and Weston, is one of the capitalists engaged in manufactures at Hanover, and lives on his farm near Elizabeth, where his beautiful residence and grounds are generally admired. At the time of the land sale at Dixon, in April 1847, Mr. Green was made the agent of the township residents and bid off their lands en masse.

In 1844, occurred the "Stone's field excitement," as it was called. Captain Stone owned land adjoining the Weston property on which he forbade prospecting. John Bennett, a German, and associates who were in the employ of Green, Goldthorp & Co., urgently requested permission to examine the land; but being refused, they went on the land at night and, before morning, mineral had been struck in three places. Then followed intense excitement. Mr. Stone endeavored to raise a company of armed men to protect his property, while miners flocked to the field in large numbers, all "armed to the teeth " with pistols, guns and knives. A bloody conflict was at one time imminent but Mr. Stone decided to accept the usual percentage, one sixth of all the mineral raised.

The third noted mines of Elizabeth Township were discovered by Martin Wishon and John Allen, about one and a half miles northwest of the village. They are still being worked though not so successfully as soon after they were opened, when, in two years, they yielded nearly 2,000,000 pounds of ore. The mines will be referred to more specifically in an article on that subject. The officers of Elizabeth Township are :

Supervisor - John S. Young; Assessor - Thomas Cubbon; Collector - George Green ; Commissioners of Highway - James Virtue, Thomas Cubbon, and Richard Eustace ; Justices of Peace - E. R. Smith and J. Q. Robinson ; Constables - James H. Bateman and John Price.

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Kavanaugh Lodge, No. 36, A. F. & A. M., was first organized under the Grand Lodge of Wisconsin, June 16, A. D. 1845, w^h ^e following officers : William Vance, W. M. ; D. A. Main, S. W. ; W. P. Warwick, J. W. ; Roland Madison, Secretary ; W. B. Whiteside. S. D. ; William Rogers, J. 1). ; Jas. B. Goble, Tyler.

It continued under the jurisdiction of the Grand Lodge of Wisconsin until October 6, A. D. 1846, when it received its present charter from the Grand Lodge of Illinois, with the following as charter members :

The present officers are : John Bowden, W. M. ; John Long, S. W ; John Martin, J. W. ; John Hefty, Treasurer ; W. H. Eustace, Secretary ; T. W. Eustace, S. D. ; John Goble, J. D. ; Richard Bryant, Tyler. The present membership is fifty.

Hardin Lodge No. 33, I. O. O. F. - This Lodge was instituted September 15, 1847, by dispensation of the Grand Lodge of the State of Illinois. The charter members were James Thompson, William R. Bennett, Abram Wilcox, J. B. Watts, and Joseph Shipton.

The Woodbine Mutual Fire Insurance Company. - This company was organized under the law providing for such associations, a portion of which is quoted in the Ward's Grove sketch. It was incorporated (by filing charter in the office of the Clerk of the County Court,) on February 23, 1874, and commenced business April 6, 1874, with the following officers :

For the year ending December 31, 1874, the number of policies issued was fifty-six, and the whole amount of risks taken, $51,290. From April 6, 1874, to February 19, 1878, there have been ninety-nine policies issued, with a total amount of risks taken, $90,440.

This company having been organized nearly four years, is now in a prosperous condition, although it has not suffered any losses by fire as yet. The company feels able to meet any loss that may occur among-its members, having a good amount of capital in the treasury. All business matters have been transacted thus far, with entire satisfaction. The members work harmoniously together, and the inhabitants of the township are becoming more and more interested in the advantages of township insurance companies. Each person insuring is a member, and is entitled to a seat in the regular meetings. The present number of members is 71. Officers are elected annually; the following are the present (1878) officers:

Jewell's Prairie appointment (now the head of the Woodbine Circuit) of the Methodist Episcopal Church, was first organized with the Pleasant Valley Circuit, December 22, 1855, with Rev. C. C. Best, Presiding Elder; Rev. W. D. Atchison, Pastor. Since that time the following Elders have presided: Revs. C. C. Best, 1855; D. Cassady, 1859 ; W. F. Stewart, 1862; R. A. Blanchard, 1864; F. A. Reed, 1868; W. H. Tibbals, 1873; J. H. Moore, 1877.

A parsonage was built at Jewell's Prairie in the Autumn of 1867, during the pastorate of Rev. J. M. Conlee. The M. E. Church was built on the same premises during the Summer of 1869; Rev. C. E. Smith, pastor. Both buildings are frame : the former costing $400, and the latter $1,200.

The title of the circuit has undergone several changes. It was, in 1855, called the Pleasant Valley Circuit, under which Rev. W. D. Atchison served as pastor. The Plum River Circuit was organized Decembers, 1857, under which the following pastors served : Revs. W. H. Hunt, 1857 ; C. Furst, 1858; W. Tasker, 1859. The name of the circuit was then changed to " Elroy and Plum River," with Rev. T. C. Stover, pastor; J. Buss, assistant.

At the present time there are three churches in this circuit : Jewell's Prairie Church, Salem Church (frame) which was built at a cost of $1,000, and Long Hollow Church, of brick. Three other appointments are held in schoolhouses.

James Rogers, of Jewell's Prairie, now the oldest resident official member of Woodbine Circuit, was, in 1875, appointed lay delegate to the Rock River Annual Conference, held at Joliet, Illinois, by which conference Hon. Henry Green, of Elizabeth, was appointed lay representative to the General Conference held at Baltimore in 1876.

About 1851 the first Sabbath School was held at Jewell's Prairie, in a school-house, conducted by the Baptists; Mrs. C. Carpenter and Mr. White, Superintendents. The Sunday School was afterwards taken up by the Methodists, who came to settle in the neighborhood, and has since been carried on by that denomination.

Adams Win. J. laborer ; Elizabeth. Aiken A. farmer; Sec. 5; P. O. Galena. ALLH\ JOHX, Retired Farmer; Elizabeth ; born in Derbyshire, Eng., March 25, Ibll; came to Springfield, 111., in 1840 and to this Co. in 1842; owns a farm on Sec. 7, Woodbine Township; married Miss Elizabeth A. Clark, in 1851; she was born in Jo Daviess Co. in 1830; they have nine children living: Sarah Ann, now Mrs. Gosnay, William, John, Charles, Alfonzo, Samuel Robert, Joseph Wilber; Mr. A. owns 330 acres of land ; was one of the Co. in the Wishorn Diggings ; he has now left his farm to be carried on by his sons and is now living in the retirement of his village home where he can enjoy the product of his energy and toil during the remainder of his declining years. Armytage Benj. painter; Elizabeth. Ashmore Bowman, printer; Elizabeth. ASHMORE CHARLES, Farmer; Sec. 25; P. O. Elizabeth; born in Derbyshire, Eng., June 15, 1829; came with his mother To America in 1836, his father having come two years previous ; has 186 acres ofland; oldest settlers nearly all gone ; very few here now that were in this section when they came; the Old Fort and a few cabins were all the marks of the settler's axe where now the village of Elizabeth is ; John Flack built the first business shop and in that he sold whisky to the miners ; his father bought the claim for the land where they now live, from Valentine Brazzel.

ASHMORE HEtfRY, Farmer; Sec. 25; P. O. Elizabeth; born in Jo Daviess Co. July 2, 1842; his father moved to the Co. from England in 1833 ; a great many Indians passed through the county after his family came, committing some depredations, marauding, and stealing from the white settlers ; one day, while his father was mowing, a party of Indians came along ; the one that seemi'd to be the chief rode up to Mr. A., and drawing out a long knife and brandishing it over his head, demanded a whetstone ; Mr. A. being a stranger to their customs, hardly knew what was best to do, but not wishing to let them know that he felt any fear, gave him the whetstone; the Indian whet his knife, and then rode away, beckoning Mr. A. to follow, but he chose to remain and let Mr. Indian pass on ; soon after a bee-tree was found a little way from the spot, and Mr. Ashmore always supposed the Indian wanted to show it to him. Henry Ashmore, the subject of this sketch, married Belle Claypool, Oct. 20, 1867 ; they have jghree children: Cora B., Jos. Sherman, and Nonie Elizabeth ; Mr. A. has a farm of 160 acres of land.

A VERY WILLIAM, Retired; Sec. 5 ; P. O. Avery ; born in Chenango Co., N. Y., Aug. 15, 1807 ; his father moved to Olean Point, Pa., by wagon ; from there on a raft of pine lumber to Cincinnati ; rented a piece of land near there, and raised a crop of corn ; sold it in the Fall and started for the Wabash, but falling in company with Mr. Linsey, who told him of the transcendant beauties of the prairies of Illinois, he decided to abandon the trip to the woody banks of the Wabash, and, in company with his new friend, purchased a flatboat which had come from Pittsburg with iron, embarked upon it with their families, and floated down the Ohio to its mouth ; there procured passage on a keelboat, which was officered by Spaniards and negroes, to St. Louis, Mo. The two families remained at St. Louis almost three years, with the exception of a six months' trip up to the Illinois River, but owing to disappointments by their employer, they were compelled to make their way back ; they constructed a rude canoe,on each side of which they fastened a cottonwood log, to give the craft sufficient weight to withstand the surging waves of the Mississippi and rough Missouri; upon this the two families again embarked for St. Louis; to lessen the freight Mr. A., the subject of this sketch, was allowed to get into a canoe with some U. S. soldiers ; soon a furious storm came up, and it was feared that the feeble barks would go down in the tempest's billows, and all be lost; but imagine the joy of the anxious mother and the little boy when.

they met again, safe, on the landing at St. Louis ; they started late in the Fall for Peoria on a keel-boat ; when about half way up the Illinois River, cold weather came on, and they found their boat fast in the ice, away from communication or civ. ilization, but having sufficient provisions, they remained in their ice-bound vessel till navigation opened in Spring, and they sailed up to Peoria. Mr. A. came to Jo Daviess Co. in 1828, at the age of 21. He served as Captain of the U. S. troops during the Black Hawk War ; he saw the council fires which glared on the wise and daring warriors go out, their arrows broken, their springs dried up, their cabins fall to ruins; the echoing whoop, the bloody grapple, the defying death song, all gave way to the onward march of civilization. Mr. A. was one of the very few settlers who beheld the remnant of Black Hawk's warriors take up their line of march toward the setting sun; after he had served his time, and peace spread her protecting wings over this part of the land, Mr. A. returned to Peoria and married Phoebe Reed, in March, 1834 ; she was born in Delaware Co., N. Y. ; have five cWJdren : Col. Geo. S. Avery, at present Co. Clerk of Jo Daviess ; Sarah M. Hallett, of Galena : Amos W., of Virginia City, Nev. ; Cyrus R., of Virginia City, Nev., now at home taking care of his father ; Alonzo M., M.D., of Iowa; Mr. A. is suffering at the present time with general paralysis, which has confined him to the house for many a year.

BARTON JAMES, Farmer; Sec. 28; P. O. Elizabeth; born in Co. Fermanagh, Ireland, in June, 1818 ; his father moved to this country and settled in Philadelphia in 1826; Mr. B. came to Galena and remained during the Summer of 1835 ; took a claim near where he now resides and had a cabin erected ; returned to Philadelphia ; the following year his father moved to this Co. ; lived in the cabin upon the claim ; in 1838 took a trip down the river; spent the Winter in New Orleans ; worked two years for Wm. Goldthoy, near Galena, smelting; married Miss Elizabeth Tonkin in 1864; she was born in Jo Daviess Co. ; have three children : George A., James W., Emma; owns 340 acres of land.

BARTON JEREMIAH, Farmer; Sec. 16; P.O. Elizabeth; born in the City of Philadelphia Jan. 27, 1828; came to Jo Daviess Co. in 1838; Mr. B. has 160 acres of good land and a fine residence, but the charms of the fair have never been sufficiently seductive, and he remains a single man ; Mr. B. had a brother, John, wounded at the battle of Chicamauga and died from the wound, leaving a widow and five children ; they have lived with him ; the children are: Annie E., Samuel, Alice, Henry and William.

BEE BE E. W. Physician and Surgem; Elizabeth ; born in Livingston Co., N. Y., Jan. 26, 1828; at the age of 24, having completed his course in medicine, he left his native state and commenced the practice of his profession in Michigan in 1852; during his residence there he returned to N. Y. and married Lucy Budrow, Jan. 2, 1860 ; came to Jo Daviess Co. in 1862; moved to Iowa in 1867; remained there nine years and returned to Jo Daviess Co.; they have four children living: Livingston, Edith, Gertrude, and Constance; Dr. Beebe is a gentleman of quick perceptive faculties and literary taste ; is engaged in an extensive pfactice, takes a lively interest in the prosperity and progress of schools and churches, lending his influence to every enterprise calculated to encourage the young.

BLEYER JOSEPH, Farmer; Sec. 1 ; P. O. Elizabeth ; born in Elcass, Germany, Feb. 13, 1836 ; came to America in 1866"; lived in Rochester till the next Spring; went to Chicago, Bloomington and St. Louis; spent the next Winter in Louisiana; returned to St. Louis; went to Macon, Ga. ; had ague ; was advised to go north ; returned to Burlington and St. Paul ; returned south again and worked on Texas landing; came to this Co. in 1871 ; went south the third time to Natchez ; came back by Port Byron ; went to Fort Dodge, Iowa; then, returning to this Co., bought the farm of 40 acres where he now lives.

BOWDEX CHARLES, Farmer; Sec. 11 ; P. O. Elizabeth ; born in Cornwall, England, May 16, 1829; came to this country by way of Quebec, direct to Jo Daviess Co. ; married Miss Ellen Shiinmin in 1851 ; she,was born on the Isle of Man in 1837 ; came to America in 1S45 ; Mr. B. has worked in the mines of Can- ada, Lake Superior mineral regions, and has traveled through nearly all the states and territories of the Union; visited California in the Summer of 1877; have ten children; Thomas P., now in Cal., John H., Eleanor A., Margaret J., Charles R., William C., George E., Joseph I., Clara A., Alice Mabel ; owns 114 acres of land.

BREED O. Farmer; P. O. Avery; born in Butternut, Otsego Co., N. Y. ; came to Jo Daviess Co. May 12, 1835 ; started with a team, traveling through Canada, around Lake Michigan and crossed Rock River where now the beautiful City of Rockford is situated ; at that time the only sign of a settlement was the cabin erected by Germanicus Kent, on the banks of Rock River; the cabin of James Flack, in Jo Daviess Co. was the next mark of a settler's axe on his route; disposed of his team and came on foot from Rockford to the mineral regions ; Mr. B. followed mining for about seven years ; now owns 240 acres of land, a part of which he pre-empted ; married Mary A. Cook, July 23, 1844 ; she was born in Sheffield, England, Feb. 26, 1826, and came to Jo Daviess Co. with her parents at the age of six ; they have had thirteen children: Lovisa, Melinda, Ann, Harriet Vesta, William, Nelson, Lucy, Mary, Lincoln H., Florence J., Olive and Ansel ; Mr. B. is one of the Co.'s practical men ; is extensively engaged in growing fine stock ; has in his house one of those home comforts, an old fashioned fire place, almost a novelty now-a-days.

BROMLEY RICHARD," Farmer; Sec. 12; P.O. Elizabeth; born in Montreal, Canada, April 11, 1823; his parents emigrated from the north of England, in 1815 ; he settled in this Co. in the Spring of 1844; came on the lakes to Chicago; from there on foot ; would occasionally get a ride with teamsters ; married Miss Harriet Williams; they had three children, Albert and Walter G. are living; lost the other child and his wife; married Mrs. Moyle; her maiden name was Miss Elizabeth Kemp; she was born in England, Co. Cornwall ; came to this Co. in 1849; she had five children: Thomas Moyle, Elizabeth, Jane, Harriet and Mary ; their home exhibits the evidence of a charitable and hospitable one as they now have two orphan girls for whom they care with all the fondness of aa parent's relation.

BYERS GEORGE. Retired Farmer; Sees. 5 and 6 ; Derinda Tp. ; resides in village of Elizabeth ; born in Huntingdon Co., Pa., May 29, 1806 ; came to Jo Daviess in in 1838; followed mining in this and adjoining Cos. till 1852 when he went to the gold regions of California; returned in 1855 ; lived on his farm in Derinda till the close of the war ; married the widow of Wm. Wayman May 20, 1856 ; her maiden name was Miss M. Price; born in Bucks Co., Pa., Jan. 16, 1811 ; came to this Co. in 1840; lost her husband in 1847 ; she has six children living: Thomas, Margaret G., Mrs. Ester Shipton; William, Mrs. Caroline Gable and Henry; have two grandchildren living with them : George Shipton and John Edwin Shipton.

CLEGG WILLIAM T., Agent; Elizabeth ; born at Weaton, Jo Daviess Co., - April 16, 1856; his father came to the Co. in 1845 ; Mr. C. has resided in Jo Daviess since his birth except about six years, which he spent in the copper regions of Lake Superior; attended the High School in Galena; learned the trade of cigar maker ; has a fine collection of specimens of copper, silver, crystals, English agates, Brazilian agates, etc., which show much care and taste in their selection.

CRITUIMER JAMES, Farmer; Sec. 25; P. O. Elizabeth; born in the State of Delaware. July 24, 1824; his father and mother came from Ireland and settled on the Brandywine in 1818; Mr. C. came to Jo Daviess Co. with his mother in 1835, and his father came in 1834; first settlers in that section of county; has 240 acres of land ; served as School Director for many years; married Miss Araminta Tart Oct. 7,1847; has seven children living: B. F. Crummer, M.D., of Warren, Edwin M., Willis, Fremont, Lillis M., Schuyler Colfax and Joseph; lost his wife and one child, Horace ; married Miss Sarah Wright July 1, 1865; she was born at Yellow Springs, Ohio; she went from Ohio to New York City, where she resided with an elder brother for eight years ; lived in

EADIE JOHV Farmer; Sec. 33; P. O. Hanover; born in Renfrew, Scotland; came to America in 1842; remained a short time in Fulton Co., and came to mining district of this Co. same year; married Mary Statham Aug. 8, 1845 ; she was born in Derbyshire, Eng. ; she came to America in 1828; remained at Albany, N. Y., till 1842, when she came to this Co. ; Mr. E. was engaged in mining during the early times; spent eighteen months in California; visited Scotland in 1871 : they have nine children': Benjamin, Elizabeth, Thomas, Hannah, John, Margaret A., Robert, Catharine S., Win. Wallace ; Mr. E. has a farm of 290 acres ; fine residence and good stock buildings.

EIJSTICE RICHARD, Teamster; Sec. '22; P.O.Elizabeth; born in Cornwall, Eng., July 15, 1840; his parents came to America in 1841, when the subject of this sketch was quite young; they came direct to Jo Daviess Co.; Mr. E. has teamed from Hon. H. Green's smelting furnace, near Elizabeth for 16 years; married Miss Mary Tippett, Jan. 1, 1865; she was born in Weston, near where they now reside; Mr. E. has served for two terms as School Director, and five years as Commissioner of Highways; has five children: Edith A., William M., James E., Richard J., Charles R.

EIJSTICE THOS. "W. Harness Shop; Elizabeth; born in Jo Daviess Co. Jan. 4, 1850; has lived in the Co. since, except three years spent in the copper regions of Lake Superior and Michigan ; was there from 1872 to 1875 ; married Kitty Toben April 2, 1877; she was born in Galena July 14, 1*49; they now reside in the village of Elizabeth, Jo Daviess Co., where Mr. Eustice is doing an extensive business in the line of harnesses, saddles, etc,

FRASIER JAMES, Merchant; Elizabeth ; born in Lanarkshire, Scotland, Sept, 24, 1822 ; came to America in 1842, landing at New York ; went to Canada and lived there two years; came on to Apple River, in Jo Daviess Co. in 1844; during the gold excitement of 1850 went to that country across the plains; returned in 1852, and has since resided in Elizabeth ; was employed as clerk in the store of Richard Brown for seven years ; in partnership with Mr. D. Robinson - purchased Brown's stock ; remained in the firm two years, and then purchased the store and stock from Mr. Barker, and has since been in business by himself - doing an extensive business; during an interval of two years that he was out of business visited New York; was in the city during the great riots ; in 1845 married Miss Jane Pringle; she was born in Roxburyshire, Scotland, in 1826 ; she came to America in 1838 ; have ten children : Mrs. Sidney Marshall, John, Mrs. Margaret Crummer, James, Nettie, Fred, Frank, Wallace, Grant, Mable; Mr. F.'s father is still living in Canada, at the age of eighty-three.

ttOARD JAMES H. Blacksmith; Elizabeth; born in Cornwall, Eng., Nov. 19,1839; his father came to Galena with his family in 1841; Mr. G. has called Jo Daviess Co. his home ever since ; served in the War of the Rebellion, 140th Regt. I. V. I., first corporal of Co. C; was in Memphis at the time of Gen. Forest's famous raid; married Margaret Z. Linsey; she was born in Jo Daviess Co.; they have six children : Cora A., Helen J., Fred, Maggie, Jenny and Harry; Mr. G. has an enviable reputation as a horse trainer and teacher ; has two fine horses, and for him to command is for them to obey without halter-strap or bridle ; has been in blacksmith business for fourteen years; is also the inventor of the Jim Goard Patent Harness Oil, which is known throughout the country as the best in the market,

Golds Worthy Thomas H.

Merchant; Elizabeth; born in Cornwall, Eng., June 12, 1831 ; came to kthis Co. in 1845 ; remained in Penn. one year ; went to California in Fall of 1855; lived there thirteen years; once during the time visited the Eastern States ; returned to this Co. in 1868 ; married Miss Marv Eustice March 11, 1869; she was born in Wales April 6, 1844; they have three children living: Adella May, William A. and Thomas Eustice ; lost two children : Nellie, died Feb. 16, 1870 ; Joseph Henry, June 5, 1877 ; his sickness was lingering disease of the spine; but a short time before he died there were some signs of improvement, and it was fondly hoped that he might recover; he was the delight of his friends young and old ; his manly bearing and mature mind made him a companion of the old as well as the young ; about a week previous to his death he told his father and mother that they must give him up, he could not live ; he knew that ithe silver cord was almost loosened and the golden bowl was breaking at the fountain, but he was resigned, for he knew he had & friend in the great beyond who had said : " Suffer little children to come unto Me, and forbid them not, for of such is the kingdom of Heaven."

GOLDTHORP J. E. Farmer; Sec. 28; P. O. Elizabeth; born in Galena March 6, 1842; his parents moved to Elizabeth when he was two years of age ; has been in Co. since except about two years at Rock River Seminary, Mt. Morris ; married Miss Sarah E. Rankin Jan. 1, 1864, the day known as the cold New Year, a day to be remembered especially by some of our soldiers who were on duty that day ; Mrs. G. was born on the American Bottoms opposite St. Louis April 20, 1842; they have two children: Elmer Elsworth, born Oct. 7, 1864; Clara W., Nov. 28, 1870.

GOLDTHORP T. R. Farmer; Sec. 27 ; P. O. Elizabeth ; born in Jo Daviess Co.; married Miss Salina Angwin, March 10, 1868 ; Mr. G. and wife were reared and have always lived in this Co.; were born in Weston.

GOLDTHORP WM. Farmer; Sec. 22; P.O.Elizabeth; born in Yorkshire, England, April 5, 1812; came to America in 1829, settling at Philadelphia, Pa.; remained there three years; came to Jo Daviess Co. in 1832; went from Galena to Blue Mound, Wis., in 1833, mining there for 18 months ; made his first $500 at that place; went to Lost Grove; remained there for one year in smelting business; then went on to Fever River, where lie remained in the smelting business till 1844; moved to farm upon which he now resides ; married Ellen Ellis Nov. 12, 1831, at Philadelphia; she was born in Yorkshire, Eng. ; they have four children living: Elizabeth, Joseph E., Thos. R., and Araminta; has 1,380 acres of land ; was Postmaster for 15 years at Weston; has been School Director for many years.

GREEN GEO. H. Retired; Elizabeth ; born in Yorkshire, Eng., Nov. 23, 1832 ; came to America with his parents, landing at Galena in the Spring of 1841 ; the family resided about two years near the new diggings in Wis., then moved to Elizabeth Tp., Jo Daviess Co.; Mr. G. resided with his parents till 1853, after which, being 21 years of age, he commenced work with a firm in which his uncle, Henry Green, was a partner; remained in their employ for 10 years, then went to Washoe Valley, Nev. ; engaged there on a ranch, where he remained for five years, becoming, at the expiration of one half the time, the superintendent of the work, a position which he sustained with dignity and honor ; he was married July 4, 1854, to Mary T. Tredinnick; she was born in Cornwall, Eng. ; they have had two children ; lost a little girl, Martha Ann; Walter Henry, born March 30, 1868 ;- Mr. G. has served as a member of the Board of Trustees for the Corporation of Elizabeth for three years ; has been on School Board for five years ; is a member of County Republican Central Committee; also of Town Committee; family attend M. E. Church ; Mr. G. is at the present time living in the retirement of his home, enjoying the confidence and respect of all with whom he is associated.

GREEN HENRY, HON. Lead Smelter and Farmer; Sec. 23; P. O. Elizabeth ; was born in the Village of Horbury, near Wakefield, in the West Riding of Yorkshire, Eng., on Feb. 13, 1819; his early life was passed as an operative in various branches of the woolen business, in which his father was a small manufacturer ; in his twentieth year he left home and became superintendent of powerlooms and " Jaquard Machinery," and designer and pattern-worker in a manufactory of ladies' dress goods at Shelf, near Halifax ; in the Fall of 1841 he migrated to the United States, making his way directly to Galena, and entered the employment of the late Samuel Hughlett, Esq., with whom, two years later, he became associated in the lead smelting business, under the firm name of Tart, Greer & Co., and afterward Goldthorp, Greer & Co.; this business, after several changes in partnership, fell into Mr. Greer's hands, and is still carried on by him ; he has also at the same time been engaged in mining, farming and storekeeping; he was married May 23, 1845, to Miss Sarah Roberts, of Horbury, who was -born June 3, 1818; he brought with him to this country British free trade notions, but becoming satisfied that the true policy of a new country like this is a moderate, steady protection to manufacturing industries, he at once affiliated with the Whig party, and continued to act with it till its dissolution and the organization of the Republican party; his first Presidential vote was cast for Henry Clay ; the confidence of his fellow-citizens has been expressed by repeated elections to the State Legislature ; he has served six years in the House of Representatives, and four years in the Senate ; for five years he participated in the county government as member of the Board of Supervisors, and from 1862 to 1865 was Chairman of the Board - the period in which the resources of the county were so freely used in support of the war ; in early boyhood he united with the Methodists, and during most of his adult life has sustained some official relation to the church ; he was lay delegate from Rock River Conference to the General Conference of the M. E. Church, which met in Baltimore in 1876; his early educational advantages or opportunities were very limited, the greater part of all acquisitions being made by study at home, with very little assistance; in his 33d year he thought he saw the long-sought opportunity for more extensive study and culture; he went to school, but after two years, when nearly ready to enter college, the demands of business called him home, and his projected collegiate* course was abandoned forever; has 1,900 acres of land in Jo Daviess Co. ; has a fine residence near Elizabeth ; Mr. G. is known in the State of Illinois as one of its best financiers, and has a well-deserved reputation for high executive ability in any department of business, public or private; when he was chosen to fillfthe various offices of trust, he was not heralded by trumpets of fame or any desire on his part to be brought before the public, but for honest purposes and the good of his adopted country, allowed his name to be used; has decision and independence of character; is not afraid to express an opinion in advance of public sentiment; does not wait till public opinion is formed, and then step up to swell a majority.

II A ItKXFJSS JAMES, Farmer; Sec. 34; P. O. Elizabeth; born in Edinburgh, Scotland ; came to America in 1843, settling in Fulton Co., 111.; March 21, 1844, came to this Co.; first engaged in mining; bought a farm, and now has 300 acres of laud; married Miss Hannah Statham Oct. 17, 1844; she was born near Manchester, Eng., March 18, 1827; her parents moved to America the following year; has seven children : Eliza, James, John, Peter, Benjamin, Mary, Hannah; Mr. H. is extensively engaged iu growing stock.

II ASS M; LEOPOLD, Painter; Elizbeth; born at Baden on the Rhine, March 13, 1842 ; his parents moved to America when he was quite young; stopped at Buffalo a short time ; from there to Chicago, where they resided six years, and in 1847 came to Galena ; Mr. H. was in the Quartermaster's Department during the war; belongs to I. O. O. F. and A. F. and A. M. lodges; has traveled through Iowa, Montana, Nevada and California; married Miss Araminta Pilcher, Jan. 4, 1865; she was born in this Co. Jan. 31, 1843 ; has town property to the amount of $1,500 ; has six children: Raymond A., Jennie, Odell, Effie E., Franklin, and Mary A.

HOFFMAW JOHN, Grocer; Elizabeth ; born in Zurich, Switzerland, Dec. 16 ; - 1840 : came to Jo Daviess Co., July, 1864 ; served in the Union army, 42d Regt. I. V. I. for one year ; Mr. H. married Kunigunda Snyder who was born in Saxe-Coburg Gotha, Germany, Feb. 6, 1849 ; they were married April 23, 1868; have four children living: Maggie, born March 7,1869; Annie, July 12, 1872; Edward, Oct. 27, 1874; John, July 4, 1876; lost one child, George F., born June 23, 1870, died Aug. 19, 1871. Mr. H. engaged in farming after returning from tlie war ; traded his farm for town property in Elizabeth where he now resides; has a Billiard Hall and Grocery Store.

HOLLAND THOMAS, Retired Farmer; Sec. 9; P O Avery; born in Cheshire, England, Dec. 10, 1805: married Miss Mary Hamilton in Aug., 1H30; came direct to this Co. from England in 1837; bought the claim of the land upon which he now resides from N. Morris ; he is one of the pioneers of Jo Daviess Co. ; has ten children living: Mrs. Ann Ransom, Mrs. Elizabeth Cook Ralph, of Page Co., Iowa, Thomas of Mossville, Edwin on Homestead, John of Kansas, George of this Co., Mrs. Mary Williams of Weston,

William of Nevada, Enoch of California; lost his wife in 1875; married Mrs. Spencer ; one child ; married Mrs. Shimmin ; lost her and is now living in a neat cottage of which he is the sole monarch, at the age of 72.

l\«. RICHARD, V\l> IIOSUI \<; JOHN, Farmers; Sec. 12; P. O. Elizabeth ; John was born at Old Council Hill, this Co., April 7, 1850; parents came from England in 1834; resided at Hazel Green, Wis., Council Hill and Elizabeth ; John went to California in 1871; lived there 18 months; returned and married Miss Mary Ransom in the Fall of 1875 ; she was born in Elizabeth Tp. ; have one child, Lawrence Edgar. Richard was born in Elizabeth Tp. July 9, 1852; they hold an undivided interest in the homestead of 200 acres, and are engaged in farming and stock growing.

HOWARTH WILLIAM, Farmer; Sec. 16; P.O. Elizabeth; born in Yorkshire, England, Dec. 25, 1820; came to America in 1883, landing in Philadelphia; resided in Middletown, Pa., about 10 years ; moved to Floyd Co., Ind. ; was foreman in a saw mill preparing timber for boat and ship-building, and was part of the time watchman on a boat running to St. Louis, while he lived in Ind. ; came to Jo Daviess Co. in the Summer of 1845 ; teamed from Galena to Chicago ; has not been out of the Co. more than three weeks at a time for 32 years ; married Miss Fannie Lawry Oct. 27, 1859 ; she was born on the Isle of Man, March 8, 1841; have ten children: Lewis P., Clara, Nettie, Dora, Bertha, Sarah, Hattie, Walter, Jane and William; has 100 acres of land ; has served as Supervisor 5 years and as Assessor 4 years, and has always been one of this Co.'s substantial citizens.

HOWARTH W. T. Physician and Surgeon; P. O. Elizabeth; born in Jo Daviess Co. Aug. 30, 18.")0; commenced the study of medicine Oct. 12, 1870; attended the Chicago Medical College and graduated March 21r 1876; was known as an industrious and faithful student, and left the halls of the school with the confidence and respect of its Faculty; is now engaged in an extensive and lucrative practice in his native town, where he, by his frugality, temperance and industry has the esteem of all who know him.

JENKINS JAMES D. Retired Farmer; P. O. Elizabeih; born in Cornwall, England, Jan. 28, 1820 ; came to Jo Daviess Co. in 1837 ; in 1847 Mr. J. married Grace Rowe; they had five children: James H., now at Yankton, Dakota; the others, Edward R., and Frances M., reside in Jo Daviess Co.; Mr. J. lost his first wife in June, 1873 ; married Elizabeth Rogers Dec. 25, 1876; Mr. J. has spent most of his life in America in and near Jo Daviess Co. ; was in the copper regions of Lake Superior eight months; during the years of 1837 and 1838, was at Mineral Point. Wis. ; he is now out of business, and with his wife is living in retirement at Elizabeth, Jo Daviess Co., 111.

LAWTON J. J. Farmer; Sec. 20; P. O. Galena; born in Columbia Co., N. Y., near the City of Hudson, Feb. 13, 1837; came to Jo Daviess Co. with his father's family in 1848; married Miss Eliza J. Blake, July 8, 1858; she was born in Jo. Daviess Co. ; her father was among the earliest settlers ; have six children: John, Ann, Byron, Ada, Hannah, Alice ; Mr. L. has a farm of 118 acres; is engaged in growing fine cattle, hogs and horses.

LEVELS PATRICK, Retired Farmer; Sec. 7; P.O. Galena; born in County Louth, Ireland, May 15, 1805; married Miss Elizabeth McKeown June 9, 1831 ; she was born in County Down, Ireland, April 11, 1810; they came to America in 1833, landing at Philadelphia; remained there four years ; came to Jo Daviess Co. in 1837; lived in Galena two years, then laid claim on land where he now resides; has 320 acres of land ; has five children : Edward, James, Patrick, Alexander, Margaret; Mr. L. is among the oldest living settlers; visited his native country in 1875 ; traveled extensively along the eastern coast; attended the famous O'Connor celebration at Dublin in 1875; 10,000 Americans in attendance.

Mrs. Farm; 8.25; P. O. Elizabeth; born in Plattsburg, N. Y., Aug. 31, 1838; her maiden name was Electa Ann Holcomb ; was quite young when her mother died ; her father came to Jo Daviess Co., leaving her with friends in New York ; her father married again, and she came on to live with them ; married Mr. Robert Lingford Oct. 5, 1852 ; he was born in Nottingham, Ens1., Feb. 23, 1818; came to America in 1849; settled with a colony at Rydott; has eight children : Eliza Viola, Florence A., Carrie E., Robert H., William A., Lawrence A., Wallace A., Thora May; has 80 acres of land.

MAWKEY THOS. W. Miner; Elizabeth ; born April 11, 1812, at Devenport, Co., Devon, Eng., of Cornish parents; married Frances Hicks Jan. 25, 1840 ; she was born Oct. 25, 1819, near Chacewater, Parish of Kea, Co. Cornwall, Eng.; emigrated to the U. S. of America March 21, 1840; resided at Sharpsburg an I Elizabethtown, near Pittsburg, Pa., two years; came to Galena, Jo Daviess Co., in April, 1842; Mr. M. has served the people in the capacity of Supervisor in the State of Wisconsin, where he lived for a while ; he is now Street Commissioner Town of Elizabeth; they have four daughters living: Frances, Elizabeth, Annie Cly, and Susan Ellen; lost two, eldest daughters, Mary and Frances E. ; the other daughters are married, leaving Mr. M. and his wife living alone at their home in Elizabeth.

MATTHEWS JOII\, Confectionery; P.O. Elizabeth; born in Town of Elizabeth Nov. 19, 1858; parents came to Jo Daviess Co. in 1857 from Cornwall, Eng. ; Mr. Matthews is nineteen years of age ; was left with two sisters early in, life, having lost his father in 1863 and mother in 1868; has supported himself since he was twelve years old; is faithful and reliable, having worked three years in one place, nearly three and a half at another, one for another man, and lately has opened business in the confection line and is doing well.

MILLER WM. ST. CLAIR, Miller; Elizabeth; born Feb. 17, 1837, in Greencastle, Franklin Co., Pa.; married Rebecca Miley Dec. 5, 1855 ; she was born in Bridgeport, Franklin Co., Pa. ; Mr. Miller came to 111. in 1856, settling in Carroll Co.; superintended the flouring mill of Holderman & Co. for nine years; was with Abrarn Polsgrove 4 years, and J. B. Shirk 2 years in the milling business ; at the present time is foreman in the flour mill of Edward Mitchell; has no children except an adopted daughter, Hattie Victoria Jane Campbell; Mr. M's mother, a lady upward of 80, resides with him ; she is very active in mind and body, often going to the neighbors and stores on errands.

MORRIS XATHAtflEL, Farmer; Sec. 10; P. O. Avery; born in Logan Co., Ky., Oct. 1, 1806; came to Jo Daviess Co. May 10, 1827, landing at what at that time was called " The Point," an Indian trading place of two or three cabins, afterward became the City of Galena; married Elizbeth Johnson July 4, 1829 ; she was born in Tenn., but reared in Randolph and Jackson Cos., 111. ; she came to Jo Daviess Co. with her parents in 1828 ; they were married in a cabin on the farm where they now reside ; the dismal howl of the wild wolf in her lair, the screeching of panthers and the echoing whoop of the native savages, was the only music with which they were surrounded ; they have seen the wigwams and huts give way to the palatial residences of advanced civilization; they passed through the dangers of the Black Hawk War and beheld the curling smoke of peace after the tiger strife was over; Mr. M. now owns 200 acres of land; they have had eleven children; Mrs. M. is now a lady of 65 years but is as active as a bright-eyed girl of 20, and during the past year has woven 550 yards of carpet upon her foot and hand loom, an article of furniture which she prizes higher than any other about her house.

NASH A. H. Jeweler; Elizabeth; born Nov. 4, 1853, at Yankee Hollow, Jo Daviess Co. ; his father was among the first settlers of the Co., having come here in the Spring of 1845 from Chenango Co., N. Y. ; Mr. N. is the youngest of a family of eight children ; his father died when he was only a few months old, leaving the family in literally poor circumstances; he was obliged to work on the farm till he was 19 years old, having little opportunity of obtaining any thing more than a common school education; but having true courage and determination, Mr. N. went to Humboldt Co., la., where he spent two and a half years attending Humboldt College ; taught school and learned the trade of watchmaker and jeweler; since then has spent most of his time in Jo Daviess Co., teaching school and working at his trade ; is now located at Elizabeth, where he is doing a thriving business as jeweler.

PILCHER PAYTOtf .1. Carpenter and Joiner; P. O. Elizabeth; born near Fredericksburg, Va., May 15, 1808; his parents moved to Ky., near Lexington ; the family came to 111. in 1829, settling in Vandalia, FayetteCo. ; remained there and in St. Glair Co. 8 years, and moved to Jo Daviess Co. in 1837 ; married Miss Anna B. Mitchell Nov. 8, 1832; she was born in Logan Co., Ky., Feb. 27, 1813; she came to 111. in, 1830, settling in St. Glair Co. ;

Mr. P. enlisted at Vandalia, in the Illinois Volunteers and served through the Black Hawk War; was mustered into service at the place where now the City of LaSalle is situated ; only one log cabin at Dixon, only one at Rock River above there ; was discharged at Dixon ; he is the oldest living resident of the Village of Elizabeth; has five children : Sarah E., Wm. J., Araminta, Robert H., Amanda M. ; Wm. J. is a deaf mute ; was educated at the asylum ; married a young lady in the same condition ; have three bright, intelligent children: Sarah, James W. and Ettie, who understand two languages well ; they converse freely with their father and mother in the language of the mute and can readily interpret into good Queen's English ; Mr. P. owns a village residence and lots valued at $2,000 ; is a member of I.O.O.F.

RA\liI\ GEO. W. Merchant; Elizabeth ; born in this Co., Feb. 18, 1848 ; married Miss Margaret Etling, Nov. 15, 1871 ; she was born in Jo Da'viftss Co. ; have two children : Carrie May Rankin, born Aug. 16, 1872; George Otto Rankin, April 27, 1874; in 1875 Mr. R. visited California, Montana and Nevada; has lately sold his farm and is now engaged in mercantile business in the Village of Elizabeth.

RICHARDS JOSEPH, Farmer; Sec. 12; P. O.Elizabeth; born in Elizabeth, Aug. 21, 1854; never been away from his native village; born in a log cabin near his father's present residence; married Miss Parmelia Wishon March 6, 1873; she was born in Elizabeth Tp., near the famous Wishon Diggings, Sept 7, 1854; have two children: Martin Wishon Richards, born Jan. 11, 1874; Joseph E. Richards, May 14, 1876; Mr. R. has 163 acres of land, "a fine house, and a well 228 feet deep, said to be the second in the Co. in point of depth.

land Nov. 11, 1815; came to America in 1837 ; settled in Pottsville, Pa. ; went from there to Big Sandy, 35 miles south of St. Louis ; from there to Wisconsin, and then returned to Pa. ; came to Jo Daviess Co. in 1850, and his home has been here ever since ; married Peggy James at Bloomsburg, Pa., July 4, 1840 ; she was born Sept. 10, 1824, and came to America at the age of 6 years ; they have six children living: John Henry, born Sept. 24, 1843; Thomas, June 27, 1849; Tobias, Aug. 21, 1852; Joseph, Aug. 21,1854; Geo. W., June 29, 1859; Susau H., Jan. 27, 1866; have lost two children ; Mr. Richards has been an extensive traveler during his life ; he delights to talk of Pennsylvania as his home in America around which many pleasant memories linger.

RODDEX JAMES, Farmer; Sec. 19; P. O. Galena; born in Galena in 1836; married Miss Eliza Bevard in May, 1858; had five children, three living: Eliza, George, Franklin; lost his wife and two children; married Miss Margaret E. Johnson March 10, 1871 ; she was born in Irish Hollow, in this Co. ; they have had three children, two living, John and Matilda ; lost one; Mr. R. has 160 acres of land.

i:OI>l»l \ WM. Retired Farmer; Sec. 19; P. O. Galena; born in Holywood, Co. Down, Ireland, March 3, 1806; came to America in 1832, landing at Baltimore in August ; lived in Philadelphia two years ; came to Jo Daviess Co. in 1834 ; worked at bricklaying during Summer at Galena; located on the land where he now lives in Fall ; on^y two cabins between there and Galena; advertised an estray on court house in Galena as being taken up by Wm. Rodden of Irish Hollow, hence the name of the ravine; married Margaret Flemming Aug 31, 1832; she was born in Lisburn, Co. Down, Ireland ; lost his wife in 1875; has three children: James, John, Eliza; sold wheat at 35c per bushel; has been back to Ireland since the War of the Rebellion in the U. S. ; visited American Consul at Holywood, his native town ; shook . hands with him like any other American, without putting his hat under his arm or bending his knee, to the great astonishment of his acquaintances in the old country ; has 480 acres of land ; Protestant; Republican.

Ireland, Sept. 10, 1797; married Martha Todd Dec. 26, 1828; she was born in Co. Monaghan, Ireland, Aug. 20, 1809 ; they came to America in the Spring of 1837; lived in Pa. a short time, then came to Jo Daviess Co.; have been here since; have five children living : Michael, Joseph, Mary, William, Thomas B. ; lost two girls and one son; four sons served in the Union army during the War of the Rebellion ; William is at Omaha, Neb., the others at home; have two grandchildren living with them, William E. Mahood and Margaret M. Mahood ; has 343 acres of land ; obtained land upon which he resides from government; very few people living here now that were here when he came; Presbyterian; Republican.

ROTTMANtf JOHN, Farmer; Sec. 11; P. O. Elizabeth; born in Bavaria, Germany, March 29, 1829; came to America in 1854; married Miss Regina Barbara Waldtman in Galena, Dec. 6, 1854; she was born in Bavaria, Germany ; Mr. and Mrs. R. came to America in the same vessel while single, landing in New York, then went to Detroit, Mich, from there to Galena, and were married in the Fall; have 74 acres of land ; have no children : they are educated and industrious people.

SAUCER OEOROE, Grocer; Elizabeth ; born in Prince George Co., Md., Oct. 10, 1808 ; his parents moved to Kentucky, and from there to Ohio, where he lived about six years; in the year 1827, at the age of 19, he came to Jo Daviess Co. ; Galena was called " The Point ;" worked at the New Diggings two years ; frequently run into The Point by reports that Indians were coming; in 1829 went on foot to Beardstown, on Illinois River; married Miss Ann E. Delany June 25, 1831 ; returned to Jo Daviess Co. about 1837 ; had three children : Eliza married Greenberry Powell Nov. 30, 1853, now living in Mo.; Nancy J. married J. M. Wier Jan. 1, 1857, died soon after her . marriage ; lost an in? fant son, William H. ; lost his wife in 1876; has 136 acres of land besides his business property in town. Schrader Ambrose, wagon maker ; Elizabeth.

SCOTT ROBERT, Butcher and Shoemaker; P. O. Elizabeth; bora in Fifeshire, Scotland, Oct. 22, 1831; married Catherine Smith, Aug. 1, 1851 ; she was born in Fifeshire, Scotland; the following year after their marriage they left their native land, arriving in Jo Daviess Co. in July, 1852; have four children living: Christina, Robert, Catherine and Mary; Mr. Scott established the first meat market and the first ice-house in the town of Elizabeth; is now engaged in conducting a meat market and shoe shop; also in superintending the work upon his farm ; has 80 acres in this Co., and 120 in Iowa ; Mr. Scott is the champion of champions at the game of checkers ; he now holds the first prize awarded him at a contest held in Galena, having carried off the palm where the states ofWis., la., and 111., were represented by their best players; he is independent in politics; his family attend the M. E. Church, of which he has been an exemplary member for many years; Mr. Scott is known in this community as an affectionate husband, a kind, indulgent father and a good citizen ; he is honest and upright in business, loyal to the government and generous toward his fellow men, always extending a helping hand to the needy and elevating the fallen to a higher and better manhood. Shaw Charles, farmer; P. O. Elizabeth.

SHAW THOMAS B. Proprietor Union Hotel ; Elizabeth ; born in Jo Daviess Co., April 21, 1839 ; his parents came to this Co. from England at an early day ; married Azildia Pogue June 8, 1862; she was born in Elizabeth Feb. 22, 1849 ; her father came to Jo Daviess Co. in 1830 ; he was a soldier in the Mexican War and died at Jalapa, Mexico, Dec. 8, 1847; Mr. Shaw has been in Nevada and Montana twice; went there first in the Spring of 1867; returned home in one year and went back to that country again in 1871 remaining three years ; he is now the proprietor of the Union Hotel in the Town of Elizabeth ; he is a genial, accommodating landlord and evidently knows how to " keep hotel;" they have four children: Eva, born March 26, 1863 ; Alma, Aug. 4, 1865 ; Reuben, May 22, 1867; Robert, Oct. 17, 1871 ; Mr. S. has in his possession an old English Bible, published in London, in 1772, which has been han.ded down from his forefathers with many other old books all of which are precious mementos and heirlooms in the family; an old family horse which his father always liked so well and cared for so kindly, died in Oct., 1876.

SMITH E. R. U. S. Mail Carrier between Elizabeth and Galena and Justice of the Peace ; born in Barre, Orleans Co., N. Y., Nov. 6, 1844; Mr. Smith went from N. Y. to St. Clair Co., Mich., in the Spring of 1861 ; from there to Sanilac Co., Mich., in 1863 ; came to Jo Daviess Co., settling in the Town of Elizabeth, Sept. 12, 1865; married the eldest daughter of John Weber, Sept. 12, 1872; has been engaged in carrying the mail from Elizabeth to Galena a great portion of the time, either as driver or contractor; Mr. Smith has been elected Town Clerk for two terms, 1876 and 1877; was elected Justice of the Peace in the Spring of 1877 ; his wife was born in the Town of Elizabeth and has embellish life and make it happy. Smith Edward, farmer; Sec. 6; P. O. Galena. Smith George, miner; Elizabeth. Smith Peter, laborer ; Elizabeth. Speer Wm. farmer and stock dealer; Sec. 8;

TRESIDDER MRS. CATHERINE P. Farmer; Sec. 10; P. O. Elizabeth; born in Constantine, Eng., Sept. 23, 1825 ; her maiden name was Miss Rowling ; married Mr. John Tresiclder Feb. 16, 1854 ; came to America May, 1869, and settled in this Co. ; have four children : Richard Rowling Tresidder, born Jan. 4, 1855; Mary Jane, Aug. 16, 1856; Elizabeth C. Morris, Feb. 9, 1859 ; Laura Annie, Jan. 21, 1803; Mrs. T. has 82 acres of land; lost her husband May 1, 1874; Maiy Jane lives in Galena; she is an intelligent, industrious young lady and is interested in educational interests.

WATTS JAHES, Farmer; Sec. 26; P. O. Elizabeth; born in Co. Monmouth, Eng., Dec. 25, 1827; came direct to. Jo Daviess Co. in 1851 ; went to Wisconsin, lived there two years, and returned to this Co.; married Miss Lydia Jacobs, April 7, 1858, in Hazel Green, Wis. ; she was born in Franklin Co., Ind. ; came with her uncle, Wesley Jacobs, in whose family she was an adopted child, to Jo Daviess Co., in 1833 ; Mr. M. worked by the month many years for Hon. H. Green ; now owns 164 acres of land, and is engaged in growing fine stock, especially hogs; have four children ; William James, Mary Elizabeth, George Thomas and Charles Arthur.

WEIR JAMES M. Of the firm of Weir & Weir; Elizabeth; born in Mercer Co., Pa., July 21, 1832; came to this Co. in 1846 ; has been in business in ^Elizabeth twenty years ; was married to Miss H. E. Marshall in I860; she was born in 111. ; one child by this marriage, Winnie M. ; wife died in June, 1867 ; married Miss M. R. Berry in March, 1870 ; she was born in Pa. April 28, 1846 ; three children : Annie M., James E. and Ira T. ; has been P. M. at Elizabeth for seventeen years, Township Treasurer since 1864, Town Clerk three years; family members of Baptist Church ; he is a member I. O. O. F. ; visited Centennial via Niagara, N. Y., and Washington. A. H. Weir was born in Pa. July 3, 1836; married Miss M. J. Olney, of Mt. Carroll, in 1862 ; she died in 1863 ; was married again to Miss Maggie Huston in 1867; she was born in Champaign Co., Ohio; three children: Nellie, G. Russel and Sadie L. This firm is now extensively engaged in the hardware business, and will not be undersold; repairing and jobbing done to order.

WESTER IRA H. Teacher;' Elizabeth ; born in Galena, 111., Sept. 4, 1853 ; his father came to this Co. from Schuylkill Co., Pa. ; his mother came from Syracuse, N. Y. ; they were married in Jo Daviess Co. ; Mr. W. was educated at the Normal School of Galena; has been engaged in teaching for seven years ; married Miss Jennie Barns Nov. 25, 1875 ; she was born near Newark, N. J. ; came to Jo Daviess Co. with her parents in 1855; have two children : Raymond E. and Leroy.

WHITE SA1IUEI. D. Farmer; Sec. 19 ; P. O. Galena ; born in Irish Hollow, this Co., Dec. 20, 1840; Mr. W. served three years in Union army during the war, Co. D., 45th Regt. I. V. I. ; was in the engagements of Fort Henry, Donelson, Shiloh, Corinth, Port Gibson, Ringwood, Champion Hill, Vicksburg, and many other hotly-contested battles ; his regiment was the first to enter Vicksburg ; was honorably discharged Nov. 20, 1864 ; married Miss Josephine Mongin Sept. 20, 1865; she was born in Rice Tp. July 19, 1849 ; have five children: Emily, Kittie J., Matilda, Nevada, Ida; lost a little son, Elsworth.

ROBERT, Renter; Sec. 35; P. O. Elizabeth; born in Northumberland Co., Eng., June 8, 1824; married Miss Margaret Peart July 24, 1850 ; came to America same year ; remained in N. Y. for two years, Pa. four years, and came to Jo Daviess Co. in Fall of 1856 ; engaged in mining twenty years; has been farming four years; have been members of M. E. Church twenty years; he has been a member of the I. O. O. F. for twelve years; have seven children: Elizabeth J., John W., Margaret A., William J., Mary H., Robert A., Sarah M.

WIULIAMS ISAAC, Farmer; Sec. 15 ; P. O. Elizabeth ; born near the famous Natural Bridge, in Virginia, April 23, 1816; parents moved to East Tennessee, where he grew up to manhood ; came to Jo Daviess Co. in 1850; married Miss Theresa Reynolds July 23, 1842; she was born in Tenn. and married there; they have seven children: Willia u, Nancy J., James W., George, Thomas, John W., Isaac A. ; have lost three children ; Mr. W. has 160 acres of land and is engaged in growing cattle, sheep, hogs and horses.

WIL.SON W. H. Farmer; P. O. Avery; born in Burlington", Iowa, July 8, 1852 ; came to Jo Daviess Co. when one year old and it has been his home since ; married Angeline Lathlean, who was born at Council Hill, in Jo Daviess Co. ; they have two children : Walter H., born Dec. 25, 1875; Winn, April 4, 1877; Mr. W. was thrown upon his own resources at an early age ; was fond of social gatherings, and during his younger days played the fiddle for the dance many nights, and participated in the amusements of the gay and jolly, but now Mr. W. has changed his course of life and prefers to spend his leisure in some good cause ; is now the superintendent of Col. Avery's farm and stock.

WISHOX MARTIX, Retired; Elizabeth ; born in Cumberland Co., Ky., Dec. 19, 1822 ; came to Jo Daviess Co. in the Spring of 1841 ; has since resided here; owns the land on which the famous Wishon Diggings were struck, from which more mineral has been raised than any diggings in the mining regions ; owns 400 acres of land ; has a fine residence in Elizabeth, surrounded by beautiful evergreens and shrubbery, which Shenstone might have envied ; married Catherine Tenyck, July 20, 1850; she was born in Dutchess Co., N. Y., Sept. 27,

1831 ; they have five children living : Permelia, born Sept. 7, 1854; Nancy Jane, Sept. 25, 1858; Julia, Jan. 20, 1868; Cora B., March 16, 1867 ; Edith, Aug. 11, 1871 ; have lost five children ; two of the daughters arc now attending the Mount Carroll Seminary; Mr. W. is a genial, generous man, full of noble impulses ; feels disposed to give his children all the chances for education and the accomplishments of music, drawing, etc., that wealth can purchase or fancy can suggest. Woodward Eli, laborer ; Elizabeth.

V*OUXG CHARLES M. Farmer; X Sec. 4 ; P. - O. Avery ; born in Mercer Co., Pa., June 24, 1836 ; came to this Co. in 1855; served three years and eight months in the Union army during the War of the Rebellion ; enlisted at first call for 3 months' troops, in Co. I (Jo Daviess Guards), 12th Regt. I. V. I. ; discharged at expiration of time; enlisted again under Maj. Avery, Oct. 1, 1861 ; was in many severe engagements, Little Rock, Carnden, Hartville, Saline, charge of Chalk Bluff, etc.; during the advance on Camden was under fire of the enemy 26 days out of 30 ; was honorably discharged; married Miss Nancy E. Reed June 30, 1865; she was born in Washington Co., Pa,; have five children: JohnT, Chas. J., Charity M., Annie May, and Ida Clara.

YOUXW JOHX S. Farmer; Sec. 4; P. O. Avery; born in Mercer Co., Pa., July 22; 1838; came to this Co. in 1854; Mr. Young's mother still lives in Galena at the age of 72 ; he married Miss Amanda M. Keithly in 1859 ; she was born in Mo. and came to this Co. when she was quite young; have nine children: Horace H., born Aug. 25, 1860; Chas. L., Aug. 19, 1861 ; Ettie A. March 23, 1863 ; Elmer E., June 15, 1866; Minnie L., Nov. 30, 1867; WilberR., Sept. 24, 1869; Lillie S., April 22, 1872; Bertie May, Sept. 25, 1873; Edna Beatrice, Nov. 12, 1877; Mr. Y. has taught school every Winter but one since 1858; served as School Director for many years; Assessor two years, Collector one year, and at present time is Supervisor of Elizabeth Tp.