Washington Township (part 1 of 2)

Washington Township

The first settler in Washington township was William Holland, Sen., a native of North Carolina, and who emigrated from that State, and settled in Edwardsville, Madison county. 111., in 1815. He remained there for three years, when he removed to Sangamon Co., and after two years residence there moved to Peoria, then Fort Clark, in the spring of 1820. He crossed the river to the flats, now Fond du Lac township, and occupied an old shanty. Here he raised a crop during the summer of the same year. He cut logs, which he hauled across the river and erected a double log cabin. This was the second dwelling built in Peoria. Prior to his settling in Peoria, and during his residence in Sangamon, he was employed by a man named Cramer, who had contracts with the Government to do blacksmithing for the Indians. But completing the erection of his abode, he, himself, formed negotiations with the Government, and commenced at his trade, blacksmithing. In the spring of 1825, he came to this township, and built a log house on section 23, and on the present site of A. G. Danforth's residence. Here the family were surrounded by a dense wilderness, and were the only white occupants of this township until 1826. Holland commenced improving a farm on sec. 24, town 26, range 3, just east of the town of Washington, and embracing a part of the Holland, Dorsey, Walthan and Robinson addition to the town. His nearest neighbors were located on Farm creek, three miles east of Peoria, where the first settlement was made in this section. Amono' them were Wm. Blanchard, Elza Bethard, Jack Phillips, and his son William, Austin and Horace Crocker, and Thomas Camlin, whose cabin was located nearest Holland's Gove. There are others, the exact data of whose coming seems quite impossible to determine. In 1824 Jacob Wilson, Sr., Joshua Walker, Thomas Banks, and Elisha Green, all settled on Farm creek. Cyrus J. Gibson followed in 1830, and Thomas Trimble, whose sons are now prominent among the residents of Washington City, settled there in 1834. William Thompson, a native of Indiana, came in 1826, and settled on the farm now occupied by John Johnson and made some improvements. The same year William Weeks came from Indiana, and settled on the present estate of Peter Portman, where he erected a rude habitation, which has since given place to the fine residence of its owner. In the fall of the same year, John Redman, also from Indiana, settled near the farm of 'Squire Baker.

These four families were the only white inhabitants in this township until 1827, when Ira Crosby, of New York, located on the place now occupied by James R. Crane. George Burrow, of Tennessee, came in the same year, and settled on the Peter P. Scott farm, and James Holland, a brother of William Holland, Sen., from North Carolina, made a temporary location, but removed to Macoupin Co. In 1828, James Harvey, father of Wesley B. Harvey, came and purchased the Benjamin Kindig farm, where he lived until 1834, when he removed to Groveland, where he died in 1859. In 1829, George Burrow and Peter P. Scott added their number to the little community. In the spring of 1880, William Heath located in AVrenn's Grove, also a man named Pearl, made a temporary location in this vicinity. The same year James McClure settled on the present farm of Orin Castle, where he lived until his death, in 1858. His son, Hamilton, is still a resident of this townshij). William and Walter Berket, of Lancashire, Eng., and John Lowman, from Indiana, came in 1831, and located west of the city, where they are still living. Their heads are silvered by the frosted tooth of Time. These worthy pilgrims are numbered among the few living pioneers. The same year Reuben Bandy, a Kentuckian, came and located on the claim made by Ira Crosby ; Abarham Van Meter, from the same State, settled on the farm now occupied by Adam M. Switzer, and where he lived until his death, in 1868. In the fall of the same year. Rev. Nathan Curtis, a Methodist minister, located on the present farm of W. T. Higgins. Several of his children are still residents of the township. Col. Ben. Mitchell, a Virginian, settled in Wrenn's Grove, and opened the present farm of Wade T. Wrenn. He was elected to the Legislature in 1834, and to the State Senate in 1836, and was succeeded in this position by Major R. N. CuUom. He died at his home in 1840. In 1832, the settlements became numerous. Among the arrivals of that year, were Elias Slaughter and Philip Varble, from Kentucky, Thomas and Jonathan Reed, from Indiana, and John Mincli. The last two named located on their present estates.

With the coming of the spring and summer months of 1833, there came a general rush of immigrants, and ere the first snows of winter fell, the whole of the timbered sections of the township were nterspersed with cal)ins and settlers. A large ])ortion of the lands bearing timber, and the smaller groves, were claimed, if not occupied, while the prairie, for most part, was left untouched and unsought. The })rairie land was regarded as Avorthless for purposes of agriculture, and considered a useless waste. There were hundreds of men w^ho believed it would never be occupied. If any of the settlers at that time had located on the prairie he would have been regarded as extremely visionary, if not absolutely crazy. Of those whose names appear among the early pilgrims, many removed from the township ere many years had flown ; others followed from year to year, in other localities; others have passed to the Shining Shore of the Beautiful River, while many others still remain in the enjoyment of the homes of their industry, endurance, and enterprise ; fashioned and founded in the beautiful lands of Washington. The surroundings of piom^er life arc well calculated to test the true inwardness of the human heart, and the trials, sufferings, and endurance, incident to the founding and building of homes, unite them in the strongest and deepest feelings of friendship, that grows and strengthens with their years. Raven locks may bk'ach and whiten ; full round cheeks wither and waste away ; the fires of intelligence vanish from the organs of vision ; the brow become wrinkled with care and age, and the erect form bowed with accumulating years, but the true friends of long ago will be remembered as long as life and reason endure.

The oldest living settler of this township is Lawson Holland, eldest son of William Holland, Sr., who was born in Lincoln Co., N. C, in 1812, and came to this county with his parents. From him we gather many incidents connected with the early settlement of the township. He was married in Oct., 1833, to Miss Elizabeth Bandy, daughter of Reuben Bandy, who came from Kentucky in 1831, and bought out the claim of Ira Crosby. They were married by Rev. Nathan Curtis, a Methodist minister. This was the fourth marriage in the township. The first in the neighborhood was in 1828, between James Hendricks and Miss Sallie Redman, daughter of John Redman, They were united by Daniel Meek, Justice of the Peace and resident of Waterloo. The same day Terrill Hall was married to Miss Jane Redman, second daughter of John Redman. The first funeral was that of a child of Plenson Thomas. It was buried in the graveyard on the 'Squire Baker farm. The first death of an adult was a Mr. Pembrock, a stranger, who had stopped at the residence of William Heath, where he died. He Avas also laid away in the same grounds. The first physician was Dr. Goodwin, who came from Vermont in 1832, where he was a student with the late Dr. G. P. Wood, and with whom he associated a business relation in 1835, in this city. They were the originators of Goodwin & Wood's addition to Washington. He is now a resident of Kendall Co., 111. James Huggins, of North Carolina, came in 1833. Jle learned wagon-making in the same shop in which Holland worked at blacksmithing. He engaged in the practice of medicine until 1859, Avhen he removed to Peoria, where he died in 1870. In 1834, Joseph Kelso and George D. Gibson came in, and are all of the living relics of that date. In 1835, Anthony Field, deceased, came in and located on sec. 34, where he resided until his death, in 1878. His widow still occupies the homestead. Thos. Cress came in the fall of the same year, and has secured an impregnable j)osition in the public history of this township, having beeuelected Collector twenty-four consecutive years.

The first school-house was built near Wm. Holland's hut in the winter of 1827-28. It was built of logs and was 16 by 18 feet. The writing desks and seats were made of split logs, and it was lighted by sawing an aperture out of each end of one log, over which was pasted greased paper. This ancient and somewhat unique style of windows served to keep out the wind and admitted some light. The school was a subscription school and Avas taught by George H. Shaw, now a resident of Shaw's Grove, who was traveling through the country, and stopped over night with Wm. Hoi- land, Sr. He was satisfied to receive, as oonipcnsation, his board, washing and horse feed. The second school was taught by Eli Redman, in the house built by William Weeks as a residence, on the Portman place in the winter of 1828-29. In the spring and summer of 1829 or 1830 school was taught by Miss Elizabe'rh Wathon, a native of Kentucky. It was taught in a building which at that time was erected near the site of the old Methodist Church. It has since gone to decay. Chas. S. Dorscy, who came from Kentucky in 1831, erected the third building in the townshi]) and the first on the present site of Washington city, in 1834. It was built of logs, and near the present site of Kingsbury & Snyder's store. It was occupied by Dorsey, who had the honor of exhibiting the first stock of goods for sale in the city. The first frame building was erected by Jehu Lindley, on the present site of Long's wagon manufactory, where he also opened a store, and was, for some years, a pioneer merchant. The following year he built the premises noAv occupied by Thomas Handsacker, as the office of the Washington Herald. It was used by Lindsey as a store-house. The caqienter work was done by L. J. Smith, a native of Virginia, who settled in Washington in 1834, and performed the first carpenter wark in this cit!y, where he died in 1844. His son, Robert, came with his father aiid is a resident of the city. Other authorities say the first frame building erected in the town is still standing opposite the present residence of Mr. Buckley, and is called the Gorin House. Be this as it may, we have positive information that this building retains the first i)lastcring done in the city. It was originally owned by Ben Sickler. It has been rebuilt, and at the present writing presents a good appearance. The Buckley mansion, on Walnut street, nearly opposite, shelters its happy occupants from spring and autumn rains,, and the cold blasts of winter fail to pierce its Avalnut sides..

William Holland, Sr., laid out the original town of Washington in 1834, being part of the town lying east of main street. The first building was erected on the original town plat by Joseph Kelso, Sr., in 1834. Kelso and a Mr. AV'agoner had purchased of Holland three lots for ^150 each, ujmn one years credit. Much valuable timber grew in front of these lots, and in the street, which, by agreement, the first to build should be entitled to use. The question was settled by lot, which fell to Kelso, wdio was also the first of the pioneers to open a farm wholly on the prairie. The first hotel was opened by Charles Dorsey iii a two-storv frame house, which stood on the lot now occupied' by Lewis Tobias tt Sons' hardware store. Jesse and James Oatman came in 1835, and engaged in the mercantile business. The same year Whipple and Blair opened a general stock of goods, and a man named Kilebrem, also opened a small store. Lands & Hawks were another firm added to the business list. Burton <fe Gant came in soon after, and erected a store-house on the corner of Peoria and Main sts., and on the lot now occupied by the Zinser Brothers. Here they carried on an extensive business for some years. Gant and Jacob Wilson were the only Constables between this precinct and the boundaries of Tremont and Peoria, including Hushaw's Mills, some miles to the North. Grant is now a resident of Missouri and Burton has passed through the shadow and valley to that brighter and better land. Old man Pearl, as he was usually called, was another merchant, who remained a few years. His whereabouts is at present unknown to any person living in this township. Prior to 1885 William Holland Sr,, carried on the only blacksmith shop in town, at which time Brazilla Allee built a large two-story frame building on Main street, now occupied by his widow, Sarah Allee. Allee and William Spencer used this building as a blacksmith shop and wagon manufactory, it being the first place in town in which wagons were manufactured. These were primitive times, and the sight of a wagon was hailed with much joy and pleasure, and its possessor envied by all. Travelling was principally done on horseback, and hauling on sleds. Peter P. Scott opened a blacksmith shop soon after his arrival. He carried on his trade here for several years. Tinware was sold by the merchants until 1848, when Charles S. N. Anthony became engaged in that business.

William Holland, Sr., built the first grist-mill west of his dwelling, in 1827. It was called a band-mill, and was run by horsepower, a simple arrangement consisting of one large wheel, the nave of which was a log of wood eight or ten feet long, hewed eight square, set in a perpendicular position, and supplied with spokes or arms. The lower end was secured by a pivot, on which it turned to another timber fastened in the ground, the upper end being secured in like manner. The flour produced resembled bran or Graham flour.

Lawson Holland, Esq., has the honor of manufiicturing the first flour made in Washington. It was produced by breaking the wheat with a pestle in a mortar, and sifting through a hand seive. The mortar was made by hollowing out one end of a log, the other end of which rested firmly on the ground. The pestle was a heavy piece of timber, the lower end of which was shaped to fit the excavation in the mortar, the upper end being fastened to a spring pole, which aided in raising the weight of the pestle. Near the lower end of this pestle were four cj-oss pins or handles, for the use of the operators. The hand seive was not of the modern manufacture, but was made by drawing a fawn skin tightly across a wooden hoop, and perforating it with a red hot iron of the size desired. Through these holes the fine particles of grain escaped during the shaking process. What remained in the seive was returned to the mortar and repounded and sifted again, until all the flour was separated from the bran. The hand-mill of William Holland, Sr., was the only kind of mill in this section of country until 1836, when Wm. Kern erected a flouring-mill on the premises formerly occupied by Jaquin as a brewery. It was run by Jehu Lindly, and proved a financial failure. A. Danforth & Co. built the next mill, in 1845. It was the first brick builing erected in AVashington. The bricks used in its structure were made by Danfijrth. The mill is now being operated by the Andrews Brothers, who settled in AVashinccton in 1843.

Religious

Methodist Church. - The first religious society was organized in 1828, by Jesse Walker, a Methodist preacher. The meeting was held at William Holland's cabin. His family and that of James Harvey, oonstituted most of the society at that time. In 1840, they built the old church, near the corner of Jefferson and Main streets, which is now fast passing into decay. This denomination erected their present place of worship, on the corner of Walnut and Pine streets, in 1866. A complete history of which we were unable to secure on account of lost records.

Christian Church. - In 1832, the Christian Church was organized by Richard B. McCorkle, in the school-house on the 'Squire Baker farm. Of its members we find R. B. Isabelle and Eliza Mc- Corkle, James and Mary McClure, John and Martha Johnson, Wni. Holland, Sr., Peter and Catharine Scott, Dr. and Mrs. Goodwin, Rufus and Catharine North, Levi and Mrs. Moulton, Josiah and Mrs. Yager. The first church building was built of brick and was erected in 1851. The congregation became too large for it, and it w^as sold to the Germans, and Nov. 28, 1869, the second edifice was dedicated. This was burned Feb. 17, 1870; fire caused by a defective flue. Another and the third building was erected, which was dedicated Aug. 28, 1870, and Oct. 29, 1876, was burned, being set on fire by lightning. The congregation, not disheartened, erected another, which was dedicated July 29, 1877. The congregation has expended, on the several houses, about $32,000. The jiresent membership is about 150. The officers are, Elders : John Johnson, Geo. Bonurant, H. A. Pallister; Deacons: John Bassett, Henry Jewett, W. P. Thompson, and A. J. Cress. The present jiastor is Elder J. W. Spriggs. Those who have preached regularly here are : R. B. McCorkle, Wm. Davenport, H. D. Palmer, Josiah Yager, S. P. Gorin, J. J. Harvey, John Lindsey, O. A. Burgess, A. G. Ewing, J. B. McCorkle, B. W. Johnson, R. H. Johnson, J. A. AValters, J. M. Allen, J. F. Berry, D. R. Howe, J. W. Allen, H. W. Everest, James Kirk, G. W. Mapes, A. P. Cobb, and J. AY. Spriggs, present pastor.

Presbyterian. The Presbyterian Church' was organized on the 16th day of Nov., 1834, by Rev. Father Bascom and Leonard Foster, a committee of the Presbytery of Sangamon, appointed fi)r the purpose, and upon the petition of certain persons residing at Holland's Grove. The meeting for the organization was held in the store of Charles Dorsey. The following named persons united in the organization : .Henry Kice, Mary Kice, John T. Tool, Elizabeth

Tool, Horace Blair, Rebecca L. Blair, Elizabeth Reid, Charlotte Berghet, David Gibson and Mary Gibson. Of these David Gibson and Horace Blair were elected Ruling Elders. The congregation commenced the erection of a church building in 1837. The framework was erected, but on account of the financial crisis which came upon the county in that year, was not enclosed until 1842. It was then occupied, but never finished. In 1850 the old building was sold and a new one, more suitable to the wants of the congregation, was erected. In 1871 this building was removed, and the present tasteful edifice erected at a cost of $5,000.

St. MarFs English Lutheran. This congregation is a departure or division from the German Lutheran Church of this city, from which the prominent members came. It was the custom in the early history of the German Lutheran Church, to have both the English and German language preached each Sabbath. But the German element being in the majority, that congregation voted to exclude the English language from the pulpit. A meeting of the English brethren was held April 18, 1875, and a committee appointed to draw up a constitution for its new congregation. This organization was eft'ccted at a subsequent meeting held at the house of Josiah Snyder, April 26, 1875. First officers, elected May 2d, were, Josiah Snyder, Elder ; Henry Mahle and T. L. Benford, Deacons ; Henry Denhart, Eli Heiple and Elias Benford, Trustees, and Rev. S. W. Harkey, Pastor. Their meetings, for the first year, were held at the Baptist Church. A festival, held June 12, 1876, gave them net proceeds of $277, with which the ladies of the congregation purchased the lot upon which their beautiful church now stands. It was contracted to be built for |3,700. It was dedicated Aug. 26, 1877. The entire cost of the building, including the lot, was $6,500. Of this sum, $2,600 remained unpaid, which was provided on the morning of dedication. The members that united in its organization were T. L. Benford, H. Mahle, L. R. Harkey, Edgar Benford, Sarah Snyder, Elias Benford, Sabella Mahle, Minnie Benford, Mary E. Benford, Sojihia Benford, Emma Jones, Mary Heiple, Amanda Mahle, Clara Denhart, Frank Snyder, Isadore Burton, Anna Burton, John Bradle, Mary Bradle, Sarah J. Harlan, Mary F. Kingsbury and Caroline R. Kingsbury.

Baptist. - The Baptist organization was not effected until 1835, meetings being held prior to that time at Tremout. Abraham Van Meter and wife and their son, "William C, Matthew and Martha Crane, and Mr. Shermqn and wife, were of its first members. The minister officiating at its organization was the Rev. Thos. Brown, and of there members, Mrs. Martha Crane only appears on its church roll.

called by its leader, Jacob Armour. This Church was organized in 1866 with 30 or 40 members, and the house contracted to be built for ^1,500. Its size is 30 by 40, and is 68 feet high, the whole cost being over |2,000. Joseph Stuckey, from McLean Co., was the original mover in its organization, and Peter E. Stuckey and Peter Gingrey were elected, in 1868, by the people to preach. Mr. Stuckey was also elected Bishop in 1875, and has filled the pulpit to the present time. The Church has a membership of 150 and is in a prosperous condition.

It is quite impossible to secure records of church organizations, together with a history of their growth, without the assistance of those who may have been active or taken some part in the church work, and the absence of those not embraced in this work is, in a measure, due to the indiiference of those to whom the writer appealed for information. These remarks will apply as well to other places in the county as they do to Washington.

General History

The first physician that located in Washington was Dr. D. T. Goodwin, who came from Vermont in 1832, where he was a student with the late Dr. G. P. Wood, with whom he shared a partnership for some years. He is still living at Dundee, 111. Dr. Wood came from the same State in 1835, and resided in this city until his death in 1871, at which time he was a ])artncr of the late Dr. 11. J]. M. Wilson, Dr. Burton, from Kentucky, came in 1838, and opened the first drug store in Washington. He also followed his profession. He died in this city in 1859, leaving a large family, many of whom are still residents of Washington.

The first lawyer to secure a footing in this community was Thornton Walker, a Virginian. The first constable elected was Jonathan Hodge, of Stout's Grove. James Harvey was the first member of the County Commissioner's Court from this township. He was succeeded by Benjamin Mitchell. The first land sales for this district was held at Springfield, in 1830 or 1831. Prior to that date no title could be acquired to any land in the district. The settlers, however, recognized the justice of securing to each of their number the benefit of his labor, and a])pointed Col. Benjamin Mitchell Registrar of Claims. By this arrangement, and the paying of twenty-five cents to the Registrar, each ai)plicant secured the registration of his claim, and the right to buy the land he had improved, when it came into the market. This gave a value to the lands in the hands of the holder, and also enabled the person making the claim to sell and transfer it if so desired. Rough and rude though the surroundings of these pioneers may have been, they were none the less honest, sincere, hospitable, and kind in their social relations. It is true, as a rule, there is a greater degree of peal humanity among the early pilgrims of any new country, than there is when the country becomes older and richer. If there is an absence of refinement, it is more than compensated for in the presence of generous hearts and truthful lives. They are void of hypocrisy themselves, and despise it in others. They hate cowardice and sham of all kinds, and maintain and cultivate a sterling integrity and fixedness of purpose, that seldom permits them to prostitute themselves to any narrow policy or artifice. Such were the characteristics of the men and women who pioneered the way to the township of Washington. Those who visited them in their cabins in a social capacity, or settled among them as real occupants of the soil, were always welcome as long as they proved themselves true men and women. The stranger, who came among them and claimed shelter and food, was made as welcome as one of the household. To tender them pay in return for their hospitality, was only to insult the better feelings of their nature. If a neighbor fell sick and needed care and attention, the whole neighborhood was interested. If a cabin was to be raised, every man turned out, and oftentimes the women, too, and while the men piled the logs that fashioned the primitive dwelling place, the women prepared the dinner. Sometimes it was cooked by camp fires at the site where the cabin was building. If one neighbor killed a pig or a deer, every other family was sure to receive a piece of it, and a welcome remembrance it often proved. One of the few remaining pioneer settlers remarked : " In those days we were neighborly in a true sense. We were all on equality. AVhat one had, we all had. Aristocratic feelings were unknown, and that was the happiest period of my life. But to-day, if you lean against a neighbor's shade-tree, he will charge you for it. If you are poor and happen to fall sick, you may lie and sufter almost unattended, or go the poor-house, and just as like as not, the man who would report you to the authorities as a subject for county care, would charge the county for making the report." This declaration was not made because the facts exist as he put them, but to show the contrast between the feelings and practices of the pioneers of fifty years ago, and the people of the present.

At a special election held on the 2d of March, 1878, to vote for or against organizing under the General Law, which was carried by a majority of eighty-three votes. The following city officers were elected on the 16th of April, 1878: Mayor, Peter Fifer; City Clerk, Eli E. Heiple ; City Attorney, J. W. Dougherty ; City Treasurer, T. C. Sonnemann ; Meml^er Board of Supervisors, W. B. Hervey ; Aldermen - 1st Ward, Henry Mahle and D. J. Chaffer; 2d Ward, Lawson Holland and Henry Denhart ; 3d Ward, Ernst E,app and James Cameron. The first City Council met April 18, 1878.

Business Interests

The present business interests of Washington embrace the following firms : Banking and Exchange, A. H. Danforth, son of A. G. Danforth, who commenced banking in this city at an early day, and retired from active business pursuits in 1871. This was the first bank in the city. Anthony & Denhart formed a partnership in '66, and a few years later opened their handsome brick banking house, where they do a general exchange business. Kingsbury & Snyder, G. R. Hornish, Gibson & Parker, and the Stormen Brothers are all heavy dealers in Groceries and control a large trade. The Dry Goods business is represented by L. S. North, Anthony & Denhart, and E. E. Hornish, all enjoying a lucrative trade. Heiplc & Portman, both honored sons of Eli Heiple and Peter Portman, and presenting the dash of business qualifications, are doing an extensive business in Clothing and Gents' Furnishing Goods. T. C. Sonnemann, who erected the fine store he now occupies, in 1870, controls the bulk of trade in the Hardware business. Lewis Tobias & Son also have a small stock of hardware, but deal considerably in stoves. Israel Zinser and A. Alphonso, Druggists, are both doing a prosperous trade. The Zinser Brothers are extensive dealers in Stoves and Hardware, and occupy the oldest business premises in the city. The daily and weekly papers may be found at the post-office. Chas. A. Crane, Postmaster, is a social man and always at his post of duty. Jas. A. Crane has an office in the same building, and carries on a general Brokerage. Mrs. Ho]ikins responds to the call for spring and winter bonnets, and supplies the trade in Millinery. William F. Roehm is an enterprising German in the Boot and Shoe trade. Eli E. Heiple, Peter Fifer and Henry Mahle are extensive dealers in Grain and Produce. J. W. Dougherty, educated under his own tuition, and tiirough his energy and perseverance, has represented Washington city as Attorney for several years. Henry Harms has a Meat Market on North Main street. Uncle Jacob Wilson represents the Livery business, and George F. Tobias is a rising young merchant in the Furniture business. Flour and Feed, James Keyes. Harness and Saddlery, Benjamin Frederick.

Wagon Manufactories. - Boss & Zinser both early settlers, are engaged in this business on north side of Commercial S(piare. Wm. H. Long, M. R. Brady, and Benjamin Tobias; the last named commenced the manufacturing of plows in this city in 18oo. Has for some years been engaged in wagon manufacturing, and his work has a good reputation.

Milling Interests. - The flouring-mill erected by A. G. Danforth in 1845 is being successfully operated by the Andrews Bros. John Watson, Jr., is proprietor of the Tazewell County Mill.

The Siierman House was built in 1835 by Stiles and Titus Hungerford, and run by them until 1839, when Thomas Cress rented and assnmed the proprietorshij) fi)r one year. It was afterwards opened by the widow of Titus Hungerford, who died in 1846. In 1854 the building was sold to a man named Robinson, whose career as a hotel proprietor prpved quite a success. It subsequently became the property of a company and passed into the hands of Elias Benford, who rented the premises and conducted a successful busi- ness for some years, and retired from public life after the purchase of the building. In 1878 it was occupied by its present proprietor, John W. Patton, a native of Somerset Co., Penn. Although the edifice is one of the oldest frame buildings in the city, and does not present an inviting appearance Avithout, it is neat, clean and tidy within, and in keeping with the standard of a first-class hotel. Patton is a veritable joker, a good talker, and if not overtaken by sickness or disease will not be old at ninety.

Washington Public Schools

During the school year of '78 - '79, nine teachers were employed at an annual expense of about $3,000, and the number of pupils enrolled in the schools was 419. The schools are all in one building - a substantial two-story brick edifice, recently built at a cost of about $20,000, and supplied with all the modern improvements in the way of heating, ventilation, furniture, etc. The school work is done in the high school and seven subordinate grades. The high school is in charge of the Principal, R. McCay, assisted by his wife, and the teachers of the other grades are, in the grammar room, Mr. J. R. Morse ; third intermediate, Mr. S. F. Corley ; second intermediate. Miss Latiua Patrick ; first intermediate. Miss Mary Rich ; third primary. Miss Carrie Schultz; second primary. Miss Mary Italin ; first primary. Miss Clara V. Crane.

Robert 3IcCay, Principal of Washington schools, was born in McLean county, 111., Jan. 13, 1852. At the age of eight his perents removed to Macon county, where his mother died shortly afterwards. He remained upon a farm with his father until sixteen, when he was sent to school three years at Bloomington, 111., during which time he prepared himself for college. Being deprived at this time, by death, of the assistance and encouragement of his father ; at the age of nineteen he entered upon the work of teaching, in order that he might obtain funds with which to go to college. Thus, by teaching in winter and working as a farm-hand in summer, he was enabled to go to college, where he completed the classical course of the Wesleyan University in 1877. In 1878 he was married to Miss M. H. White, of Bloomington, who acted as his high school assistant the following year. He has held his present position since graduating.

This tribe of Indians was the largest of three tribes that were located in this section, and had conquered the Sugars and Kickapoos. They were all settled under Snatchwine, the Chief of the Pottawatomies. He was honored and loved by all the braves of these tribes ; his word was law, and his presence and council always sought in times of disturbance or trouble. Among the whites he was gener- ally honored and respected. To them he always extended the hand of welcome, and the futtcd deer of the forest was brought to their door in token of good will. The peculiar habits of these timehonored natives were naturally a deep curiosity to the whites, and from the well-stored memory of Lawson Holland Ave were enabled to gather some facts and incidents which we place upon the records of this work, knowing that only a few years could pass ere they would have been lost in the debris of time.

Gathering Turtles. The preparations incident to this journey are somewhat extended. Two horses are placed side by side, and a blanket stretched between them, and the party start for the streams. The turtles are thrown in this blanket, and when a full load is secured they are carried to the camp, and a large kettle tilled with water is placed over the fire, and in the boiling cliauldron the living turtles are thrown, until the kettle is filled. When thoroughly boiled, the meat is plucked from the shell and eaten.

Tradition. A tradition which has existed among the Pottawatomies for ages, is, that at a certain time of the year, a deer must be killed and eaten without breaking a single bone. This performance is entered into largely, and the greatest caution taken to secure the animal without a l)oue being broken. It is then roasted, and the meat eaten with the greatest possible care. The remains are then gathered up, placed in the skin of the animal and buried.

Punishment for Adultery. The punishment for adultery is cutting oif the nose; the first offense being j)unishable by a small piece, the second a larger one, and the third cuts it to the bone. These are rare cases, however, both sexes having a high regard for purity and virtue.

Marriage. In marriage the women promise to do all the work, such as skinning animals, dressing hides, building tents, and performing all the manual lal)or, the males only furnishing the necessities of life. The marriage covenant is made by the exchange of corn for a deer's foot by the parties to be united, and is a time of great solemnity.

Ornamental Wealth is indicated by piercing the nose and ears, from which hang large rings and bells ; also bells attached to a strap bound around the leg or ankle.

At one time Avhen ]Mr. Holland's wife was washing, a squaw entered the cabin and interrupted her in her work. She had just put a kettle of boiling water in a tub, and in passing, the squaw fell or sat in the tub of hot suds. Her cries called the braves, who lifted her out and carried her to the wigwam.

One day, when Lawson was a boy, and while the family were at dinner, and a Frenchman, named Louey, who was stopping with them, had finished his meal, lighted his pipe, and was leisurely smoking outside the cabin, a stalwart Indian came down the trail

History Of Tazewell, County

Washingtou city and township are settled by a cultured, refined and wealthy community, many of whom deserve personal notices in this volume, which we append :

Alfred Alphonso, druggist and proprietor Academy of Music, was born in Berlin, Germany, in 1835, and received his early education at the medical university of that city ; emigrated to America in 1861, and settled in Chicago, where he followed his profession. In 1863 he enlisted as Acting Surgeon in the 17th Illinois Cavalry, and served one year, and returned to Chicago. The following year he married Miss Susan Cassen, a native of Baden, Germany, where she was born in in 1846. After a residence of eight years in Kane Co., he moved to Ottawa, 111., where he resided until 1875, when he settled in this city and opened a small drug store, now occu})icd by Dr. Wood. By strict attention to business he was enabled, in 1877, to erect the Washington Academy of Music, and became extensively engaged in the music trade, and has, in a masterly manner, made an entire success.* Edwin, born June 16, '68; Clara, Jan. 11, '7U; and Ida, June 1, '72, are his living children.

Margaret Aubray, residence Elm street, Washington, widow of Frederick W. Aubray, a native of England, who emigrated to America at an early age, and settled in Deer Creek townshij), in 1848, where he engaged in farming and mercantile pursuit, and entered largely into the interests and development of the township ; was prominent. in all the enterprises pertaining to its growth, and successful in all his business transactions. Through his energy and perseverance he accumulated a large landed property ; was called from the held of life just when in the enjoyment of his home. He died in August, 1872, beloved and respected by a large circle of friends and relatives.

John. H. Ant/ioni/, farmer, sec. 23; P. O., Washington; born in Shelburn, Vermont, in 1820, and emigrated to this county witii his widowed mother, two brothers and one sister, in the fall of 1 837, settling in this city, and with strong hands and willing heart commenced the struggle of life. Sagacious, industrious and frugal, he was enabled, in 1843, to purchase 80 acres of his present estate, and in 1846 he became engaged with a house at Peoria, and traveled extensively through all the Southern and Western States, establishing agencies for the sale of })atent medicines, and in 1852, connected himself in business witii his brotiier, Charles S. M. Anthony, at Washington, but continued traveling until his brother's death, in 1857, when he assumed control of the business, and formed a partnership with Wm. Ross, in keeping a general stock and hardware. He engaged extensively in the manufacture of tin ware, with which the surrounding country was supplied. In the spring of 1858 he sold his interest to Lewis Tobias, and moved on his present estate, now consisting of 400 acres, valued at $65 per acre; also 130 acres southwest of the city. The same year he married Catherine Keys, a native of Michigan, by whom he has four children - John A.,

Charles H., Mark and Kate. In 1857 he was elected Justice of the Peace for one year, to fill vacancy occasioned by the death of his brother. In 1871 he was elected Supervisor, and has been the people's choice for that office every year since ; he was also elected a member of the State Board of Equalization, in 1876, and is prominently known throughout the county. Mr. A. is in every respect a self-made man ; with indomitable energy and tireless industry and courage, he acquired wealth. He has for years been Trustee in the Methodist Church, of which the family are members.

Emih/ 31. Baird, farmer, sec. 12; P. O., Washington; widow of Thomas Baird, Jr., who was born in Tioga Co., N. Y., in 1812. Her maiden name was Haynes, and she was born in Sharp's Mills, Oswego Co., N. Y., in 1816. They were married in 1838, and came to this county in 1844, and settled on the present estate, then owned by Father Baird. Mr. B. resided here until his death, in 1859, when he was killed at South Bend, Ind., by a railroad accident, which cast a feeling of gloom and sorrow over the whole community. He was a man beloved and respected by all who knew him, and numbered among those of the early settlers. Mary L., Sarah R., Senith A., Martha C, Thomas P., and George S. R. D. are their living children. ^Squire Baker, farmer, sees. 14 and 15 ; P. O., Washington ; born in Campbell Co., Ky.^in 1813. His parents were Nicholas and Susanah (Carroll) Baker, natives of Penn. and Va. He married Elizabeth Clark, in 1836; she was born in Campbell Co., Ky., in 1815. They came to this county in 1837 and settled on his present estate, consisting of 80 acres, valued at -$75 per acre, which he bought with script. His father came to this county in 1856, and died in 1875. The family were among those of the early settlers, and experienced all the hardships of pioneer life. John J., William C, George W., Benjamin F., Thomas L., Robert W., Elizabeth C, Edward S., Lill'ie, Stephen A., and Alfred are their living children.

George Bayler, farmer, sec., 36; P. O., Washington; born in York Co., Pa., in '18. His parents were John and Catherine (Kuhn) Bayler, natives of Pa., where his fiither died when he was 12 years of age. He came to the West in 1841 with his mother, and settled two miles west of their present place, where he resided 11 years. In 1845 he was united to Miss Elizabeth Franklin, a native of Franklin Co., O., where she was born in 1823; moved on his present estate in 1853. It consists of 140 acres valued at |70 per acre. T^Ir. B. is one of the early settlers and well known throughout the Co. Alfred P. and Joseph E., are their living children.

JoHcph J. Bayler, farmer and stock raiser, sec. 36 ; P. O., Washington; born in Washington, 111., in 1849; married Lillie Yoorhees, in 1876. She was born in La Salle Co., 111., in 1857 ; they have two children - Theodore and Celia; settled cm his present estate in 1876. Mr. B. has for years been extensively engaged in taming and training horses, of which he has a fine stock and is successful in the business. He is a son of one of the oldest settlers.

Joseph BcU'Iii, farmer, sec. 7 ; P. O., AVashiiigton ; })orn in Woodford Co. in 1842. His parents were John and Barbara (Ragy) Belsly, natives of France. They settled in Woodford Co. at an early day, where Mr. B. died in 1 855, His motlier is still living at a good old age. In 18G-1 he married Miss Susan Imhotf, a native of Butler Co., where she was born in 1842; came to this Co. in the spring of 1878 and settled on his present estate, consisting of 100 acres. Mary, John, Barbara, Bena, Annie, Katie, Louisa and Peter are their living children ; are members of the Omish Church.

Elias Benford, retired, born in Stark Co., O., in 1819. His l)arents were F. Henry and ISIagley Stael, natives of Pa., both deceased; married Lavenia Snyder in 1843. She was born in Somerset Co., > Pa., in 1825; emigrated to this Co. in 1868 and settled in this city, where he engaged in the livery business, and in 1870 became the proprietor of the Sherman iiouse, which he conducted with success and purchased it, retiring from the active pursuits of life in 1878. Julia, Arminta, Sophia K., Cyrus I., John H., Franklin A. and Hattie M., are their living children; lost three children - Jacob, Mary M., and one that died in infancy. He is a member of the English Lutheran Church.

Walter T. Berket, farmer, sec. 26 ; P. O., Washington ; born in Lancaster Co., England, in 1792, and in 1817 emigrated to America and settled in A'ermont, where he resided 12 years, when he started for the AVest, making his first stop at Fort Clark, in 1831, where he remained only a short time, when he came to this township and settled on his present estate, and erected the first frame-house built in the township. Mr. B, was married in 1833 to Miss Dorothy ^\"etherell, a native of England, who died in 1856, leaving one child, Walter, Jr., who was born in this township in 1841, and was married Sept. 19, 1878, to Miss Mary Beman, a native of London, Eng., where she was born Dec. 25, 1842, and is daughter of Jeremiah and Susan Beman, who were banislied from I'russia and found a home in the broad land of the free, and number among those of the county pilgrims. Mr. B. has always clung to his pioneer home, and is the oldest man in the township. A previous record predicted his early demise, but, though in the 88th year of his age, his eye is sharp at long range, and it was the pleasure of the writer to accompany his elastic footsteps to a row of apple trees which he set out in 1832, all of which are in a fine state of preservation, and have grown to an immense size.

William Berket, farmer and dairyman, sec. 26 ; P. O., Washington; born in Addison Co., Vt., Jan. 21, 1818; his ])arents were Thomas and Mary (Field) Berket, who came from England and settled in that State, and to this Co. in 1831, landing at Fort Clark, now Peoria, in Sej)t. of that year, and alter a short stop, came to this township and made a claim of 160 acres in sec. 26, where he erected a cabin and lived until his deatii in 1838. On May 12, 1842, Mr. B. was married to Miss Mary J. Keys, daughter of Laban Keys, a native of N. H., and a veteran of the Revolutionary war, in which he enlisted when 17 years of age; was the first settler to erect a habitation on the present site of Kalamazoo, Mich., from which place he came to this township in 1837 and purchased of John Lindly 200 acres of land now occupied by the residences of J. R. Crane and Ben. Nichols. He died at his home in Dec, 1865. Mr. B. carries on an extensive dairy business, manufacturing an average of 200 lbs. of butter weekly ; has 130 head of cattle, many of them being thoroughbred Durhams and Jerseys. Another noticeable occupant of his farm is a large pear tree, which he planted when a mere switch, and it has grown until it measures over six feet in circumference, bearing yearly from 40 to 80 bushels of its fruit - the popular Berket jiear. Mr. B. is one of the early pioneers of this township, and has realized all the hardships of pioneer life. The fine impr(jvements of his farm attest his energy and perseverance. Of his children, 10 are living. David, eldest son, enlisted, in 1861, in 86th I. V. I., Co. G; was wounded at Goldsborough, N. C, and died at Newburn, April 12, 1864; Clara J., Annie E., Charles L., Lafayette, George, William, Ella, Perry, Hattie and Lester.

William A. Berket, farmer and brick-maker, sec. 27 ; born in Peoria, 111., in 1836. His parents were John and Mary (Thomas) Berket, who emigrated from England in 1826, and settled in Peoria, (at that time Fort Clark, there being but one house there at that time,) where he remained until 1839, when he removed to this county and purchased 320 acres land, where he lived until 1849, when he returned to Peoria, where he died in 1875. Married Sarah J. Wilson, in 1860. She was born in Drum Lodge, Ireland, in 1836. Returned to this county in 1862, and settled on his present estate. Martha A., Margaret W., John A., James W., Frank, Samuel, Edward A., Lewis C, and William W., are their children.

William A. Berket, farmer, sec. 26; P. O., Washington; was born in England Aug. 30, 1796, and is the second son of John and Ann Berket, who emigrated to America in 1816, and went to Vermont, where he engaged in farming, and in 1821 settled at Fort Clark, now Peoria, there being but few cabins erected at that time. He became extensively engaged in the nursery business and farming, his being the first nursery started in the State north of the Sangamon ; was also engaged in farming in Greene Co., and spent one winter in Madison Co., and in 1831 settled in this township on his present estate. Here he erected a cabin and commenced to improve the farm. The same year he was married to Miss Margaret Barrick, a native of Ohio, where she was born in 1816; she died in 1852. Charles, Ann, Margaret, Margy, Eliza, John and Thomas, are his living children. His youngest son, Thomas, resides on the homestead. He was born in this township in 1847, and in 1872, married Miss Jennie E. Frances, a native of Ohio ; Albert H. and Lillie Bell are their children. The life of this aged veteran of four score years has been one of industry and perseverance. An early pilgrim to this townsliip, he lia.s lived to see his sons and daughters grow up witli their families, settled on the land that was (in his prime) a dense forest. His locks are silvered with the frosts of time, but he has been spared to be a living witness of the great changes which have taken })lacc in this township and county.

James Brown, farmer, sec. 12; P. O., Washington; was born in Woodford Co., 111., in 1841, and is the eldest son of Asa and Catherine (Kines) Brown, and grandson of Amos A. and Ruth (Nelson) Brown, natives of Conn, and Md. His father was born in Switzerland Co., Ind., in 180(S, and came to the West in 1834, settling in Woodford Co., and numbering among the early pioneers of that county. Came to this county in 1859 and settled on his present estate, consisting of 160 acres; his father still owns 120 acres in AVoodford county. In 18(32 was married to Miss Mary Noel, a native of France, where she was born in 1845. Nellie, Nettie, Stella, Linda, Ida, and George are their living children.

James Cameron, stock dealer, was born in Scotland in 1834. In 1855 married Plelen Glegg, a native of Scotland, where she was born in 1824. In the same year emigrated to America and settled in this city, where he became engaged at blacksmithing for eleven years, and after two years in the lumber business with F. D. Harrington became largely engaged in stock dealing, which business he has since followed with success. He has served two consecutive terms on the old Board of Trustees, and was elected to the City Council at the first election for city officers in 1878. Ann IL, Belle E., Mary and liouisa L. are their living children. Members of the Christian Church.

Charles A. Crane, jjostmaster, Washington ; was born in Washington, March 9, 1839; married Laura L. Parker, March 4, 1864. She was born in Washington, April 29, 1841 ; have two children - William T. S. and James C A. He is a descendant of Mathew and Martha (Rogers) Crane, natives of Pa., from which State tlujy emigrated to O. and to this county in 1835 ; his father died Sept. 28, 1855. His wife still survives him at the age of 77 years. Mr. C. engaged in teaching until his ap{)ointment as P. M. in March 1870, which office he has filled to the present time. He is a member of the Methodist Church.

James H. Crane, general broker, residence and business. Main street; was born in Zanesville, O., Sept. 14, 1824; came to this county in 1835, and settled in this city, where he became engaged in carpentering and milling; married Leva A. Burton, Sept. 13, 1855. She was born in Ky. in Oct., 1835. In 1854 he opened a general brokerage office in which business he has been entirely successful ; filled the office of School Treasurer for 16 years and is well known throughout the town and county.

A. G. Danforth, banker, Washington ; was born in AVashington, 111., Dec. 8, 1840, and is eldest son of Asa H. Danforth, who was born in Norton, Mass., June 4, 1813. His jiarents were Asa and

Hanniih (Walker) Daufortli, natives of Mass., where they died at an early day ; and during the years of his boyhood worked on the farm until seventeen years of age, when he went to Fall River, where he served an apprentieeship at cabinet making and for four years after became engaged in the manufacture of furniture at Milford, Pa. In 1835 he removed to Coshocton, O., where he engaged in the manufacture of wheat-mills, and in the following year settled in Peoria and engaged in turning and planing until July, 1836, when he removed to this city and became extensively engaged in his profession. In those primitive times machinery was unknown, and the increasing demand for his goods made it apparent that a power to turn his" lathe was necessary to meet the requirments of his trade, and to attain this desired object his inventive faculties were brought to play, and the problem soon solved. He owned two large dogs, and these intelligent noble friends were brought to take an active part in his success. Accordingly, he constructed a large cylindrical wheel twenty feet in diameter, into which the dogs were placed for duty. The experiment proved an entire success, and in this manner he w^as enabled to turn out hundreds of bedsteads and other articles of furniture which found its way to the cabins and homes of the pioneers. He erected the mill now occupied by Andrew Brothers, in 1844, and has in various ways added to the growth and prosperity of the city. He was for four years Director of the eastern extension of the Peoria & Otpunvka R. R., and at an early day established the first banking institution in this city, and became entirely engaged in the interests and development of his Western home. Of him we may say he is a self-made man in every respect. Beginning without capital, but with a determined will and ready hands. His unquailing purpose and tireless industry, making every opportunity useful, combined wdth scholarly enthusiasm," with which he acquired wealth. He w^as married in Feb., 1839, to Miss Catherine Rupert, a native of Mt. Pleasant, Va., where she was born in 1819 - Almon G., Henry R., Harriet C, Caroline R., Catherine M., are their living children. Mr. D. retired from the active pursuits of life in 1872.

The subject of this sketch began life in the mercantile business and became a partner in the banking house of his father, w^here he has since been actively engaged. In 1872 the firm dissolved, and Mr. D. assumed control of the institution. Was married in 1861, to Miss Susan A. Burton, a native of this city. From the marriage five children are growing up in all the educational advantages of the present day. They are George C, Jessie M., Cassie A., Asa H., and Mary. Mr. D. is among those of the present business men of the city and a social genial gentleman. His residence stands upon the site of ground historic as the spot where the palatial log cabin of William Holland Sr., was erected in 1825. Mr. D. takes a just pride in his blooded stock of horses, prominent among which is Fairy Gift, a brown stallion of Hambletonian stock, who has a record on private trial of 2 :38J after two montlis work including; breaking;. He will undoubtedly rank among the celebrities of American trotters. Nellie, grey" marc, Restless, bay mare, Dolly, bay filly, and a thoroughbred bay mare, all Hambletonian stock, also bay stallion. Live Oak, bred by Col. Peppers, of Ky., all of which promise fair records and are valuable stock.

Robert Davis, ticket agent and telegraph operator of T. P. & W. R. R. ; was l^orn in Laiue, county of Antrim, Ireland, in 1852; married Martlia Davis in June, 1876. She was born in Laine Co! in 1858; emigrated to America in 1871, and settled in Peoria, where he became engaged with the T. P. & W. R. R., and by strict attention to duties has been promoted to his present position, which he fills with satisiaction. Are members of Presbyterian Church.

Henvy Iknhurt, merchant and banker, of the firm of Anthony & Denhart; was born in Hessel Kassen, Dec. 8, 1842, His parents were Andrew and Mariah (Storner) Denhart, natives of Germany. They emigrated to America in 1853, and settled in this city. In June, 1866, the present Partnersliip was formed with Mr. A., which has been successfully carried on to the present time. In March 1872, he was married to Clara S.Lawson, a native of Somerset Co.,' Pa., where she was born in 1833. Mr. D. has always taken an active part in the interests of the town and countv, and was elected to t\iG City Council, March, 1877.

John W. Douf/hcHy, attorney at law, was born in New Castle Co., Del., in 1824. His parents Avere Dennis and Margaret (Baldwin) Dougherty, natives of Ireland and Pennsylvania. They emigrated to Dayton, ()., in 1828, thence to Centreville, Ind., where he resided until 1857, when he came to this county and settled in this city and became engaged in the grocery business. He then commenced tlie study of law, relying upon his own efforts and ambition; he was admitted to the' Bar in Jan., 1874. He now fills the office of City Attorney, and is successful in his profession. In 1852 he married Caroline E. Hornish, who was born in Wayne Co., Ind., in 1834. William J., ]\Iartin D., Forest and Florence, twins, John B., Robert, Edith A., Martha PI, and Laura C. are their living children.

Reuben W. Dunningfon, farmer, sec. 30 ; P. O., Washington ; was born in Putnam Co., Ind., in 1836. His parents were Joshua and Mary (Spencer) Dunnington, natives of that State, and who emigrated to 111. in 1840, and settled in this townshij) one mile west of AVashington. From that place he moved to Walnut Grove, now Eureka, where he lived until his death, in 1844. His mother died in 1876. Mr. D. settled on his present estate in 1848; was married in 1868 to Miss Catherine Bayler, daughter of John Bavler, an early pilgrim to this county. She was born in this town"ship in 1847. They have six children - Mary M., John C, George E., Reuben F., Cora M., and Catherine.

Woodford Co., 111., in 1840. His parents were John and Barbara (Detwilda) Engel, natives of France. They emioratod to America in 18.'j1 and settled in Woodford county, where his father is still livinjy; his mother died in 1874. He came to this county in 187.3, and settled on his present estate, consisting of 160 acres, valued at $65 per acre. The same year was married to Miss Elizabeth Nofsinger, who was born in this county in 1848, and was the daughter of John Nofsinger, an early settler of this county. Ida E., John A. and Anna M., are their living children. Members of the Ornish Church.

George Ferner, farmer, sec. 25 ; P. O., Washington ; born in Somerset Co., Pa., in 1815. His parents were Abraham and Barbara (Smith) Ferner, natives of Pennsylvania. He married Miss Catherine Weyand, in 1835. She was born in Somerset county, in ]812. They have five children - George W., John W., Sarah, Mary, and Elvina ; lost one, Barbara. He came to this county, in 1851, without means and rented land until, by frugality and industry, he was enabled to secure 40 acres of land, where he lived until he purchased his present estate. He is a Deacon in the Evangelical Church, of which the family are members.

3Iarii A. Field, farmer, sec. 34; P. O., Washington. Mrs. F. is the wadow of Anthony Field, who was born in Franklin Co., Vt., Aug. 15, 1808. He was married to Miss Mary A. Hathaway, Aug. 11, 1836, a native of Swanton, Vt., where she was born April 17, 1817. Mr. F. came to this county in 1835, and settled on their present estate, consisting of 260 acres, where he resided until his death, which occurred Dec. 19, 1878. He was one of the early pioneers to this county, and the first man to lay out the roads through this section of the township. He died, l)eloved and res})ected by all who knew him. He was a mcml^er of the Methodist Church.

Peter Fifer, grain broker; was born in Rockingham Co., Va., Jan. 21, 1821, and emigrated to this county in the spring of 1842, where he engaged in farming for some years, when he commenced buying grain and stock, opening the grain house of Fifer & Co., at Peoria, in 1866, which is still in successful o})eration. He also has a sawmill in operation in this city, where he is extensively engaged in business. He was married in 1843, to Miss Mary J. Curtis, a native of Erie Co., Pa., by whom he has four children - Cordelia, Inez, Charles M., and Ellie. Mr. F. is among the foremost of the business men of this city, and was the people's choice to fill the Mayor's chair in March, 1877, at which time the city was incorporated; was also elected Supervisor April 15, 1879, and has always been identified with the interests of the town and county.

John Frederick, farmer, sec. 7 ; P. O., Washington ; was born in Germany, in 1833, and emigrated to this country in 1855, settling in Butler Co., where he resided two years, when he removed to this county and settled in Morton, where he lived two years. He then came to this township and settled on his present estate ; was married in 1859 to Miss Nancy Graves, a native of Ohio. AVilson Frederick is their only child. He has a farm of 80 acres, and 10 acres of timber, valned at ^70 per acre; also owns 100 acres in Fairbnry, Livingston Co.

C. J. Gibson, of the firm of Gibson & Co., grocers, Main street; residence, corner Catharine and I^Ilm streets. He Avas born in Lancaster Co., Pa., in 1823; his parents were Cyrus J. and Margaret C. (Canon) Gibson, natives of that State, who emigrated to tiiis county in November, 1830, and settled in this township, where he purchased a claim and erected a log cabin, where he died in 1832. His son remained on the homestead until 1863, and moved to Woodford Co., and after a few years returned to Washington, when, after some years, he embarked in his present business, in w^hich he has been successful. He is one of the early pioneers of this township, and experienced all the hardships of pioneer life.

George D. Gibson, farmer and dairyman, sec. 34, P. O., Washington; born in Fayette Co., Pa., in 1810; parents were John and Nancy (Mills) Gibson, natives of N. J. and Pa. He worked at home until he had saved $100, with whi(;h he pui'chased a horse and equipments and in the fall of 1834 started for the West, and made his claim on the site of his present estate and commenced work in Washington at wagon-making with Wm. Spencer ; the same winter split 5000 rails, enduring much hardship and privation ; has hauled wheat to mill that weighed 60 lbs. to the bushel and in those j)rimitive days portage was paid in produce. Some years later he became engaged in business at Pekin, where he continued until he was enabled to purchase a few cows and commenced on a small scale in the dairy business. Mr. G. has now increased his farm to 360 acres, which he has gained only by continued perseverence and economy, and all the privations of pioneer life. He was married in 1836 to Miss Alice Berket, a native of Vt., where she was born in 1820. Sarah, Elizabeth, John, Charles, Martha, George, William and Mary, are their living children. He is an Elder in the Presbyteriau Church.

U. Z. Gilmer, D.D., pastor Methodist Church, was born in Brown Co., O., in 1846. His parents were Derrick and Margaret (Strain) Gilmer, natives of O. and respectively, who emigrated to Putnam Co., Iowa, in 1850, and after four years' residence there, moved to Decatur Co., Ind., where they resided three years, and returned to Iowa, where they lived for a short time; thence to Clinton Co., 111., where his father died in 1860. He commenced his course of studies at the Monmouth Academy after his removal to that place, in 1865; entered college, in 1869, at Oquawka, Henderson county, where he graduated in 1872, and immediately entered upon his duties as pastor of the Methodist Church at Milan ; after which he became engaged as teacher in Abingdon College, Knox Co., where he continued until three months prior to his Qoming to this county, which he spent at Chaddock College, Quincy,

111. Came to this county Nov., 1878, and has hckl the pastorate of the Methodist Church since that time in a commendable manner. In 1870, he married Mary McCullough, a native of Rush Co., Ind., where she was born in 1852. Emma, Nellie L., Nina M., and Carl R. are their living children.

Jacob Glebe, farmer, sec. 31 ; P. O., Farmdale ; was born in Germany, in 1815, where he married Catherine Stein in 1844. She was born in Germany in 1816; emigrated to America in 1848, and settled on his present estate, consisting of 120 acres, 80 acres of which he entered. He is one of the early settlers of this township, and well and favorably known. Henry, John, Caroline, Jacob, Jr., Levi and Sebasken are their living children. They are members of the Evangelical Church.

Andrew Gonglof, farmer, sec. 2 ; P. O., AVashington ; was born in Tazewell Co., in 1841 ; is son of John B. and Mary (Millei-) GonglofP, natives of France, and who emigrated to America in 1839, and settled in Woodford county, and after a residence in this county, returned to that county where he still resides. The subject of this sketch settled on his present estate, in 1863. He was married, in 1871, to Miss Elizabeth Roth, by whom he has four children - Mary, Julia E., Susannah, and Christena. They are members of the Catholic Church.

John G. Gorin, agent T., P. & W. R.R. and U. S. Express Co., was born in Vandalia, Fayette Co., Ill, Feb. 28, 1835. His parents were Sanford P. and Jane H. (Gaunt) Gorin, natives of Ky. His family came to this county in 1839, and settled on a farm near this city, where they resided until 1844, when they moved to Eureka, and after a few years returned to this city. In 1854, he became engaged in the mercantile business. March 8, 1758, he was married to Miss Julia A. Wood, a native of Washington city, 111. He followed mercantile business until 1860, when he received his appointment to his present position, which he has since filled with ability and satisfaction, and is one of the oldest agents in the State. Was for three years President of the Board of Trustees and has always bore an active interest in the welfare of the town and county, and been prominently identified with its interests. Is also an officer in the Sunday-school of the Presbyterian Church, of which the family are members. Josephine, Elizabeth W., Ellen M., and Harry W. are their living children.

W. T. Griffith, 31. D., residence, Walnut street ; born in Sullivan Co., Ind., in 1833. There he commenced the study of medicine, and in 1856 entered upon a course of lectures at Cincinnati, O., and the folloAving year began practicing at Washburn, Woodford Co. In 1858 he moved to Shelby Co. where he attained a successful practice and was married, in 1859, to Miss Lucy A. Applegate, a native of Orange Co., Ind., where she was born in 1838 ; came to this county in 1865 and settled in this city, where he has since made it his home and been successfully engaged. George M., War-

Henry Gulick, physician, east side of the square ; was born in Northumberland Co., Pa., in 1839; parents were William and Annie Clark Gulick, natives of the same State ; commenced his studies at Jefferson College, Philadelphia, where he graduated in

1866. Returning home he began practice at Mt. Carmel, Iowa, and the following year was married to Miss Lottie Hay, a native of Warren Co., O. ; came to this Co. in the spring of 1876 and settled in this city, where he has conducted a successful practice. Anna M., Charles B., Agnes W. and Frank H. arc their living children ; a member of the Presbyterian Church.

John Guth, farmer, sec. 21 ; P. O., Washington ; born in Washington, 111., in 1839, and is the son of Peter Guth, an early pioneer of this township. He married Mary Cursman in 1861. She was born in McLean Co., in 1838; settled on his present farm in 1861, consisting of 315 acres, valued at $60 per acre. Annie, Joseph, Katie, John, Jr., Barbara, Peter, Christian, Samuel and Mary are their living children ; a member of the Omish Church.

Valentine Gunthcrt, farmer, sec. 32 ; P. O., Washington ; born in Bavaria, Germany, in 1828; emigrated to America in 1852, and settled in Peoria, w^iere he married Miss Anna M. Ucbel, in 1855, a native of Bavaria, Ger. Anna M., Bonnie, George, William C, Emma, Valentine, Jr., Adam, Caroline, Josephine and Louis are their living children. He settled on his present estate in 1863; a member of the Methodist Church.

Henry Harms, proprietor of meat market. Main street ; born in Germany, in 1825; and emigrated to America in 1852, settling near this city, where he engaged in farming two years, when he worked at milling with M. Andrews until 1859, when he opened his present place of business, where he has since carried on a successful trade ; same year married Catharine Denhard. She was born in Germany in 1836. Loney W., Lizzie, Katie and Henry D. are their living children ; are members of the liuthcran Church.

F. D. Harrington, of the firm of Harrington & Bickman, lumber merchants, contractors, builders and millers. He was born in Otsego Co., N. Y., in 1830. His parents were John J. and Lydia (Gallop) Harrington ; was married to Mariah Smith Nov. 24, '58. She was born in Province of Canada in 1832; came to this county in 1855, and settled in this city, where he has been successfully engaged in his present business. Frank B., Nina M., Chas. E. and John G. are their living children.

W. B. Harvey, retired farmer, born in Licking Co., O., in 1825. His parents were James and Mary (Billingsly) Harvey, natives of Va. and Md., and who emigrated to this county in 1828, and settled pear this city, there being only six families in the township at that time. He took an active part in the Black Hawk war, and numbered among the early pioneers of this county. He died in 1859. The subject of this sketch was united in marriage with Eliza Barrett in 1849. She was born in Saline Co., 111., in 1827. Mr. H. has been for years on the Board of Supervisors, Justice of the Peace, and a participant in the organization of the town, and being otherwise identified with the interests of the city and county. Trustee of the Methodist Church, and among the few left of the early pioneers.

Eli E. Heiplc, grain dealer, P. O,, Washington ; born in Somerset Co., Pa., in 1830; was married to Mary E.. Snyder, a native of Somerset Co., Pa., in 1851. Came to this county in 1857, and settled in Washington, and became engaged with Andrew Miles & Co., in the dry-goods business, with whom he remained until he opened his present place of business, where he has since been actively engaged. He has filled the office of Town Clerk for fifteen years and was the first City Clerk elected in the spring of 1877, and is otherwise prominently identified with the interests of the town and county. He is well known throughout as a thorough, live business man. Augustus and Frank are their living children.

Israel Hicks, farmer, sec. 30, P. O., Washington ; born in Belmont Co., O., July 15, 1816. His parents were Asa and Annie (Cox) Hicks, nativ^es of Va. and Ga. The family started from Ohio in Oct., 1837, in wagons, and when near the Wabash river in Ind., the horses took fright and ran away. His father, attempting to get out of the wagon, fell under the wheels, causing almost instant death. This was a terrible blow to the grief-stricken family, who after a reasonable time, resumed the journey westward, settling on the old Dillon farm in Tremont township, which his father had rented prior to his coming. He had but fifty cents left when the family arrived at this place, and he commenced teaming, splitting rails, and cheering the discouraged and broken-hearted mother. By constant labor and untiring industry, in a few acres of land, which he improved, and the dark clouds of adversity were soon scattered from his home. After five years residence at Tremont, he moved to Pleasant Grove, then came to this townshi}^ in the spring of 1 843, and settled on his present farm. He was married, Feb. 24, 1848, to Miss Susan M. Umphrey, daughter of Luke Umphrey, and who was born in Tompkins Co., N. Y., June 8, 1825. Her father was one of the pioneers of this county, where he died in 1878. Julia E. is their only living child. His mother died in his first home in 1853. Mr. H. has experienced the roughest side of pioneer life, and only through a determined will has attained his present position in life.

Elo7i E. Hornish, dry goods merchant. Main st., residence, corner Main and Oakland streets. He was born in Wayne Co., Ind., in 1849. His parents were Martin and Elmira (Rupert) Hornish, natives of Penn. and Va., and who' emigrated to this county in 1858, and settled in this village and engaged in the grocery business.

where he died in 1859. Elon engaged with Rupert <& Hornish in the dry goods business in 1868, and this firm dissolved in July of the same year, when he went to New York. city and engaged as a salesman. On Dec. 28, 1871, he married Frances L. Sticklcy, who was born in Ohio in 1849; returned AVest in 1873, and formed a partnership with C. B, Cummings at Pekin. He remained one year and returned to New York in 1874, and to this city in 1875, and formed a co-partnership with M. H. Hornish, and in July of the same year purchased the interest of M. H., where he has since carried on a successful and prosperous business. Robert S., George B., Morris E., and Ella R. are their living children.

G. R. Hornish, grocer. Main st., res. cor. Pine and Holland ; born in Wayne Co., Ind., in 1839; married Mary E. Grady April 1, '61. She was born in Woodford Co. in 1838; came to this Co. in 1857 and settled in this city, where he engaged as salesman with J. W. Dougherty, with whom he remained eight years, when he opened his present place of business, where he has since carried on a successful and prosperous trade. Grant, Joseph G., Mary H., and Lulu E. are their living children.

/. T. Hoover, dentist, north side Commercial Square, res. High st. ; born in Belmont, O., in 1838. Parents were Jacob and Phoebe (Frazier) Hoover, natives of Penn. and Va. Emigrated to this State in 1855, and settled in Peoria, where he served an apprenticeship and opened his first place of business, and in 1863 came to this city, where he has since followed his profession and continued in a prosperous and successful career. Married Emma S. Couch a native of Peoria in 1865,. May E., Abbie E., and Edna E. are their living children.

Nicholas Huguet, Jr., farmer, sec. 11 ; P. O., Washington ; born in France in 1808. His parents were Nicholas and Maggie (Chawry) Huguet, native of that country. Was married, in 1830, to Miss Sophia Cunig, and emigrated to America in 1850, and settled on his present estate of 198 acres, valued at $50 per acre. Julius, Maurice, Charles, Nicholas, Jr., Peter, Josephine, Gabriel, Annie, Mary and Julia are their living children. Are members of the Catholic Church.

JaclcHon Hukkl, retired farmer ; residence, Washington ; born in Fayette Co., O., Oct. 12, 1823. At 20 years of age he left home and went to Champaign Co., where he served an apprenticeship at the tanning bwsiness, and engaged in that business for seven years in Cass Co., Mich. Was married, in 1847, to Miss Sarah J. Nicholson, by whom he has one daughter, Samantha A., wife of S. D. Murphy, of Chicago. In 1855 he moved to Atlanta, 111., and became engaged in the mercantile business, when his wife died, March 27, '56. After a residence of one year in Lincoln he became extensively engaged in the wool trade and farming implements, and for ten years dealt largely in real estate, when he sold his proi)erty and moved to McDonough Co., and in Jan., 1875, settled in this city, where he has since made it his home. His present wife, Sarah Kern, daughter of Jacob Kern, was born at Mt. Pleasant, Pa., Dec. 28, 1829. They were married in this city Dec. 1, 1859. James H., Mary C, Ida Belle, and Gracie, are their children. Mr. H. is Elder and Sunday-school Superintendent in the Baptist Church, being well known throughout the town and county.

S, W. Harkey, D. D., pastor St. Mark's English Lutheran Church, born in Iredell Co., N. C, in 1811. His parents were John and Sarah (Welcher) Harkey, natives of that State. He commenced his course of studies at Pennsylvania College, at Gettysburg, in 1830; graduated from that institution in 1834, and entered upon his official duties at Philadelphia, then to AVilliamsport, Woodsborough, Md., Frederick City, and in 1852, emegrated to the West and entered the State University at Springfield, 111., as professor, at which place he enlisted, in 1864, as chaplain, serving until the close of the war, when he went to St. Louis and officiated until 1871, when he came to this city and became pastor of the German lAitheran Church a short time, when he was called to fill the pulpit of the English Lutheran Church, where he is still occupied in his professional calling.

Rodger Jenkins, farmer, sec. 29 ; P. O., Washington ; born^ in South Wales, in 1811. His parents were John and Rachel (Walkyns) Jenkins, natives of that country. Mr. J. emigrated to America in 1845, and settled in Pennsylvania, where he resided five years, when he came to this county, and settled in Deer Creek township, and in 1858 moved to this township and settled on his present estate of 240 acres, valued at ^65 per acre. Was married, in 1848, to Miss Elenor Davis, a native of South Wales, where she was born in 1817. Margaret, John, and Morgan are their living children ; lost two - George B., and Geo. B. 2d. Mr. J. is one of the early settlers of the county, and is Trustee of the Presbyterian Church of Deer Creek, of which the family are members.

Joseph AWso, farmer, section 18; P. O., Washington; born in Venango Co., Pa., July 27, 1805, and was the second son of Robert and Jane (Mercer) Kelso, natives of New Hampshire, who emigrated to the West in 1800, and after an eventful life, died in Switzerland county, Ind., in 1835. The subject of this sketch started from Switzerland county, Ind., in March, traveling by ox teams and arriving in this county April 20, 1832. After looking the county through, he settled on his present farm, where he entered 80 acres of land". Having but little money, he commenced the cultivation and improvement of his place, and, by continued perseverance and industry, has made an entire success. The land surrounding his fine residence now numbers over 320 acres of valuable land. He was married to Miss Sarah Nelson, in 1829, a native of Switzerland county, Indiana, where she was born Dec. 25, 1811. Robert, John, Jane, Joseph, Jr., Wilson, and Matilda are their living children; lost five, Charles, David, William, Sarah, and

Eliza. There were five families who accompanied this veteran pilgrim to his Western home, some of whom are still living. Mr. K. is truly a self-made man. Commencing life with no advantages, but by his indomitable energy he has acquired his well earned wealth. He is well known throughout the county, and honored and respected by all.

George W. Kingsbury, merchant, of the firm of Kingsbury & Snyder. Born in Steuben Co., N. Y., in 1827, and emigrated to this county in 1840, settling in Deer Creek township, and engaged in farming, where he married Caroline Harlan in 1853. She was born in N. Y. in 1825. Came to this city in 1857, and engaged as clerk with Horton & Kingsbury until 1866, when he formed the present copartnership, which has since been in successful operation, Florence, Julia and Harlan are their living children. Members of the Lutheran Church.

Conrad Laiorentz, Jr., farmer, sec. 32, P. O., Washington. Born in Groveland township in 1853. His parents were Conrad and Barbara Lawrcntz, who emigrated to America in 1830 and settled in Peoria, and two years afterward moved to St. Louis, thence to this county, settling in Groveland township, where he died. Was among the early pioneers of this county. The subject of this sketch was married, in 1875, to Miss Annie C. Friedinger, a native of Groveland, where she was born in 1857. George E. and Christian V. are their children. In 1873 he settled on his present estate, which consists of 115 acres, valued at §40 i)er acre,

John Loioman, farmer, sec. 31 ; P. O., Farmdale. Is the oldest son of Martin and Elizabeth (Howard) Lowman, natives of Lincoln Co., N. C, who emigrated to this county and settled in Holland's Grove, near Washington City, May 12, 1831, where father and son entered a quarter section of land and were three days erecting a cabin of split rails, when they engaged in opening and improving a farm. In 1871 his father moved to Mo., where his mother died, when he returned and is now living in Woodford Co. The subject of this sketch was married, in 1 838, to Miss Elizabeth Gordon, daughter of George Gordon, a veteran of the Black Hawk war, and one of this county's early pilgrims, where he died in 1853. She was a native of Dearborn Co., Ind., where she was born in 1821. Mr. Lowman served as a scout in the Black Hawk war, and has experienced all the hardships of pioneer life. In 1845 he settled on his present estate, consisting of over 300 acres of valuable land, where he has since made it his home. His collossal frame measures six feet eight inches in his stockings, and his greatest weight is 255 pounds. Mary, Hannah, Rebecca, Martin H., John W., James C, Jane, Elizabeth, Henry C., Samuel M., Annie and Edward W. are their living children.

Henry Mahle, grain dealer; residence. Main street. Born in ClaYion Co., Pa., in 1832. His parents were Louis and Elizabeth (Lilly) Mahle, natives of Hesse Cassel, Germany. Married Sybilla

Lawson, May 10, 1855. She was born in Gettysburgh, Pa., in 1834 ; came to this county in 1865 and settled in the city, where he has been engaged principally in the grain business. Has filled the office of Township Trustee for many years, and was elected to the City Council after its incorporation in the spring of 1877. Amanda J., Charlotte E., Lincoln E. and John W. are their living children. Members of English Lutheran Church.

William B. Ilerchanf, real estate and insurance broker, Washington city. Born in Steuben ville, Jefferson Co., O., in 1830. His parents were John and Margaret (Sanonton) Merchant, natives of Pa., who at an early day emigrated to O., where they have since died. Mr. M. was married, in 1857, to Miss Jane H. Eagleson, a native of O., and in the following year came to this county and settled south of Washington, and became extensively engaged in farming, where his estimable wife died in 1862. Six years later he removed to this city and engaged in real estate and insurance business with his only son, Alvin E., where they have conducted a successful and active practice. Mr. M. has been an invalid for some months, and is still suffering from an affection of the lungs. He is held in high esteem and respect by a large circle of friends in this community, where he has become widely known and appreciated. His worthy son, possessed of excellent business abilities, is his constant attendant, and we know of no young man who has more warm friends than Alvin E. Merchant. Are members of the Presbyterian Church.

Joseph B. Miles, Jr., farmer; residence Washington. Born in Athens, Athens Co., O., Oct. 11, 1828. Is the son of Joseph B. Miles, Sr., who was born in Rutland, Mass., June 21st, 1781, and removed, with his parents, to Ohio while very young, and settled at Belpre, on the Ohio river, in what is now Washington Co. On reaching his majority he settled in Athens Co., O., where he remained until the summer of 1843, when, with his wife and seven children, he removed to this county and settled on sec. 28, where he resided until 1857, when he removed to the town of Washington, where he died Aug. 18, 1860, aged seventy-nine years, one month, and twenty-eight days. Was married to his second wife, Elizabeth M. Falton, April 14, 1822. The subject of this sketch came to this county in Aug., 1843, settled on and improved the S. E. quarter of sec. 28, where he resided until Oct., 1857, when he moved into the town of Washington, where he still resides. Enlisted in the Union Army on Aug. 16, 1861, as First Lieut., Co. B, 47th Regt., Vol. Inf. Commissioned to take rank as First Lieut, from the 25th day of Aug., 1861. Was promoted and commissioned to take rank as Capt. from Sept. 2, 1861. Promoted to take rank as Major, Aug. 21, 1863. Participated in the battles of New Madrid and Point Pleasant, Mo., Island No. 10, luka. Miss., Jackson, Miss., seige and assault of Vicksburg, Miss., Mechanicsburg, Miss., Richmond, La., Fort De Russey, La., Henderson Hill, La., Pleasant Hill, La.,

Monsura, Yellow Bayou and Lake Chicot, where he was severely wounded by a gunshot through the neck and shoulders, June 6, 1864. AVas brought home to Washington ; returned to the field and joined his regiment at Memphis, Tenn., Sept. 2, 1864, and was mustered out of the service Oct. 11th, 1864. His elder brother, Daniel D. Miles, enlisted Aug. 16, 1861, and commissioned to take rank as Captain, Aug. 16, 1861; promoted to Lieut. Col,, Sept. 1, 1861, and died from wounds received in action at Farmington, Miss., May 9, 1862. Deceased was a native of Athens, O., M'here he was born Aug. 18, 1827; was married Dec. 31, 1855, to Miss Ellen Wood, daughter of the late Dr. G. P. AVood.

Jacob Minch, farmer, sec. 35; P. O., Washington. Was born in' Washington township in 1840, and is a son of an early pilgrim. Was married, in 1861, to Miss Anna E. Berket, daughter of William Berket, also a native of this township. They have four children - Mary C, Ella V., Arthur C, and Bessie S. Mr. M. resides on the homestead, consisting of 180 acres, valued at $60 per acre. He enlisted in the 47th I. V. Inf., Co., B, and served three years and three months. Was wounded slightly at Yicksburg, but never missed a roll-call, and was not confined during the time of his service. Participated in battles of Point Pleasant, Mo., Island No. 10, luka, Miss., siege and assault of Yicksburg, Richmond, La., Fort De Russey, La., and all the battles tliat regiment was in.

Phillip Moschel, farmer, sec. 21; P. O., Washington; born in Bavaria, Germany in 1833, and. emigrated to America in 1853, settling near Groveland township, where he resided six years, when he moved to Woodford county, where he was married, in 1861, to Miss Mary Centmeyer, a native of Bavaria, where she was born in 1836. In 1866 he returned to this county, and settled in this township on his present estate in 1875, consisting of 160 acres, valued at $60 per acre. Mary, Carrie, and George are their living children. Members of the Lutheran Church.

B. F. Myers, farmer, sec. 12; P. O., Washington; born in Pickaway Co., O., in 1850, and emigrated to this county with his parents, Solomon and Mary (Bufford) Myers, in the fall of 1864, and settled in \\'ashington. The following year he removed to his present estate of 80 acres, valued at $2,000. ' Was married, in 1869, to Miss Mattie Gibson, who was born in this county in 1853. Carrie V. and Mamie A. are their children.

Henry Myers, farmer, sec. 12; P. O., AVashington ; born in Pickaway Co., O., in 1847. His parents were Solomon and Mary (Bufford) Myers, natives of O. The family came to this county in 1864, and after one year's residence in Washington the subject of this sketch settled on his present estate of 80 acres, valued at $65 per acre. Same year of his coming he was married to Miss Barbara Puntches, a native of Pickaway Co., where she was born in 1848. Time and Nellie May are their two living children.

Tazewell Co., 111., in 1843. His parents were Christian and Barbara (Schetch) Nofsinger, natives of Germany, who were early settlers in this connty, and where they still reside. In 1868 he married Catherine Baughman, a native of Woodford Co., where she was born in 1852. Peter, Christian, Joseph, John, and Annie are their living children. Are members of the Ornish Church.

L. 8. North, dry goods merchant, north side of Commercial Square. Has occupied his present place of business since 1869. Is a thorough business man, and enjoys the confidence of the community at large.

Charles Oesterley, former, sec. 32 ; post-office, Farmdale ; born In Germany in 1820; married Catherine Freibelin in 1848, who was born in Germany in 1826. The same year he emigrated to America, and resided for one year near Buffalo, N. Y., when he moved to Pennsylvania, and six years after came to this county and settled on his present estate, consisting of 105 acres, valued at $35 per acre. Fronecar, John, Henry, Catherine, and Paulina are their living children. Are members of the Evangelical Church.

Phillip Orth, fiirmer, sec. 4; post-office, Washington; born in Germany in 1827, and emigrated to America in 1849, settling in Jeffi^rson county, N. Y., M'here he resided until 1856, when he came to this county and settled on his present estate of 190 acres, valued at $50 per acre. He was married in 1855, to Miss Catherine Shafer, who was born in Germany in 1836. John, Theodore, Emma, Lizzie, and Phillip, Jr. are their living children. Are members of the Lutheran Church.

P. H. Parker, grocery merchant, firm of C. J. Gibson & Co. ; residence Church street; born in Woodford county, in 1854; is a son of Hiram Parker, who settled in McLean county in 1837. The family moved to this county in 1870, and he became engaged in his present business in this city. He was married, in 1875, to Miss Mary B. Foster, a native of Peoria, where she was born in 1850. In the spring of 1878 he formed the present partnership, where he has since carried on a successful trade.

Peter Portman, firmer and stock dealer, sec. 24 ; P. O., Washington ; born in Sanburgh, France, in 1822, and emigrated to America in July, 1848, and settled near his present estate, consisting of 290 acres, valued at $100 per acre. He was married, in Woodford Co., in 1853, to Miss Josephine Uqnat, a native of France, by whom he has ten children - Nicholas G., Emil J,, Rosa M., Josephine G., Mary F., Peter N., Louisa M., Frankie J., Charles L., and Clement A. In 1837 they returned to their native country, (after renting the farm,) where they spent four years, and in 1861 he opened a livery stable in this city, where he resided until 1864, when he moved again on the farm, where he has since made it his home. Are members of the Catholic Church.

natives of Germany. The subject of this sketch commenced his apprenticeship at Fairbury, in 1873, and the following year engaged with an extensive house at Peoria, where he remained two years, when he returned to this city and opened his present place of business, where he entertains his customers with the finest and best selected stock of jewelry in the city. In 1877 he married Frances Miles, a native of this city. They have one child. Pearl May.

Joseph Ropp, farmer, sec. 8 ; P. O., Washington ; born in Alsace, France, now Germany, in 1823. His parents were natives of same place, and emigrated to this country in 1836, and settled in Woodford county, where they lived a short time, when they came to this county and settled in this township, where he lived until his removal to McLean county, where he died. The subject of this sketch then moved to Elm Grove township in 1839, where he purchased and resided until his coming to Washington township, and settled on his present estate of 156 acres, valued at $70 per acre. Married Catherine Burkey in 1850, a nativs of Germany, where she was born in 1829. Elizabeth, Barbara, Amos, Phoebe, Daniel, Katie, and Fannie, are their living children. A member of the Omish Church.