Carroll County, Indiana - Biographical sketches (2 of 2 so headed), 1882 (part 2 of 7)

He was among the first white settlers of Carroll County, entering the lands now owned by Charles Gros, Christian Gros, Jr., Eleanor Jackson, Andi-ew Martin, a part of the Henry Lyon farm,

James Odell. the subject of this sketch, was a lad of foiu'teen j'ears at the time his father came to this county. School privileges at that time being meager, he grew to young manhood, obtaining an elementary education as best he could by the perusal of rude editions of school books. The art to " lipher " was acquired fi-om Pike's Ai-ithmetic. His indiistry and application thus helped him. while still a youth, to engage in teaching, and many of the remaining old citizens can bear witness to having been his pujiils.

He was married. July 7. 1836. to Miss Sai-ah Hatfield, and they twain reared a family of six children, viz. : John C. (now an attorney at Delphi). Elisha. Cyrus. James D. . Sarah J. and Frank P. - all of whom are yet living except Sarah J. . who died in 1871. at the age of twenty-five years. His amiable companion depai'ted this life in the citv of Delphi. November 16. 1870.

In the main, his vocation has been that of a farmer. He early set to work to open up the large farm, two miles southeast of Delphi, upon which he has since resided. He has seen the dense forest give way before the pioneer axman. and has aided many neighbors to open up their homes. Some forty years since, he erected a saw-mill upon his fann. and. later, purchased from Gen. Milroy a quarter-section, including another saw-mill, both of which mills he operated successfully for several years. In 1850, while assisting to erect a bridge across Deer Creek, near Boyster's farm, he fell a distance of twenty-two feet, inflicting injury to both his ankles, and from which he has never fully recovered.

At the age of twenty-three, he was elected Sheriff of Carroll County, which position he held two years ; filled the office of County Commissioner in 1844, 1845 and 1846, and again in 1853. In 1848. he was elected to the lower branch of the Indiana General Assembly, and, in 1858. to the State Senate. He was elected Clerk of Carroll Circuit Court in 1871. and re-elected in 1874. Thus having served the public so many years, he retired to his farm, there to spend the remainder of his life. He has often been chosen to act as guardian for orphan children, and as administrator for estates, having, perhaps, transacted more business of this natm'e than any other individual of the cotmty.

His private life. too. has been very exemplary. Never in his life was he known to have uttered a profane word, never to have used tobacco in any form, and never to have di-ank a glass of intoxicating liquor as a beverage. He never in his life sued a man on his own account, and was never sued.

He has been a successful farmer, at the same time acquiring an extensive acpuaintanee by his genial natiu-e and by his many years of public life. Always a consistent, conservative Democrat in politics, yet his numerous personal fi-iends. are irrespective of party.

Noted for his uniform kindness and sterling integrity, he enjoys the fullest confidence and esteem of the community. In the discharge of public trusts, he seems to have ever held in view the best interests to the greatest number. In fact, ever inculcatinp', by both precept and example, principles of high moral worth, he will leave behind him an honorable name and a life worthy of emulation. And now. having reached his three score and ten. he will erelong fold around him his mantle and go to his reward.

George W. Pigman

His father (Joshua Pigman) and mother (formerly Miss Nackey PennI were natives of the State of Maryland, whence they emigrated, in the year 1806. to the then newly admitted State of Ohio. Here, in Clermont County, their son, George W. Pigman, was born, on the 31st day of August, 1811.

The subject of om- review obtained his education in the rude common schools peculiar to those early times, and at a later period, by a three- years course of study at Augusta College, Kentuckj'.

Following then the preferences and inclinations of his boyhood, he embarked upon the sea of mercantile life in Butler County, Ohio, in 1833. Three years later, in 1836, he removed to Delphi. Ind. , and here again began and continued, with varying success, in his chosen line of business for upward of thirtyyears.

For a number of successive years after its incorporation. IVli-. Pigman was chosen to the office of City Clerk of Delphi, and, in 1878. he was elected to the position of Clerk of Carroll County. Originally a Whig, since the formation of the Bepublican party he has been an active and patriotic Bepublican. In religion, he is a Methodist, this faith prevailing on both sides among his ancestors almost as far back as the birth of tliat denomination. He is a member of the Delphi Lodge. No. 28. I. O. O, F. : also of Carroll Encampment, having, in the years of his membership, filled all the chairs of both ordei-s.

On the 5th day of Ajn-il, 1838, Mr. Pigman was married to Caroline S. Armstrong, in Kipley, Ohio, the result of this iinion being seven children - foiu- boys and three girls. Miss Ai-rnstrong was the daughter of William Armstrong, one of the fom' brothers who emigrated to America from Ireland at an early day and became successful merchants in Ohio and Kentucky. Though fairly within the shadows of half a century of married life. Mrs. Pigman. like her husband, enjoys the blessing of excellent health, and lives in the serenity of having been a faithful and affection ate mother and a devoted wife.

William A. Pigman. whose life, noble service in defense of his country, and death, are set forth in another portion of this history, was the eldest son of the subject of this sketch, George W, Pigman, Jr. (third son), entered the United States Naval Academy in 1861. and was graduated in three years. He has been in the service of the United States since graduation, holding at ])resent the rank of Lieutenant Commander. He is now (ionnected with the United States steamer Wachusett. James C. Pigman, another son. is a merchant in La Fayette. Ind. Chai'les Pigman. the youngest son. resides in Delphi, and at present is acting in the capacity of Deputy Clerk of Car-roll County. Of his three daughtere. the eldest. Mary B. Pigman. is the wife of George B. Dewey, a commission merchant in Cincinnati. George served almost thi-ee years in the late war as a member of the Twenty-fourth Battery. Indiana Volunteers, having enlisted under Capt. J. N. Sims. The second daughter. Li Hie. is the wife of Charles B. Pollard, a prominent and successful lawyer, Lucy E. is the wife of William A. Anderson, who is connected with the War Department in Washington, D. C.

Bpected. He has served in official capacity with credit to himself and with scrupulous tidelity to the interests of the people. His genial and indulgent disj)Osition strikingly displays itself in an excessive fondness for children. A Ithough jiast the allotted thi-ee- ; score yeai-s and ten, he is the picture of robust health, and, ripening into the sear and yellow leaf, seems to defy the advance of ^old age.

After life's labors ai-e ended, then follows the impartial judgment of history. But the biography of the eai'ly dead is always a melancholy one, for the brilliant promise of the future life of usefulness is gone, and the mournful record recalls the joys and hojies that lie buried together. In contemplating the record of the yoimg life portrayed in these pages, by those who knew him best and loved him most, it seems almost incredible that iifteen years have come and gone since his untimely death, and that grief will not yet sleep. When those who knew his manly worth ' are gone from among the children of men, the tears they have shed will be forgotten, but the name and memory of the man they loved will live in a more endearing form than in the memory of perishing and perishable men.

William Armstrong Pigman was the eldest son of George W. and Caroline S. Pigman, and was born at Augusta. Ky. , on the loth day of May, 1840. His childhood and early manhood were spent with his jiarents at Delphi, Ind. His childhood was happy and hopeful, full of love and loveliness. In after years, when in the discharge of the serious duties of life as a soldier of the Reptiblic, he often spoke of his gentle mother, who had watched, and prayed, and hoped, and smiled over the helplessness of his infancy. To him his home was a real paradise, and it remained to him a perpetual fountain of holy memories; and amid the discomforts of the camp, the toil of the weary march and the bloody ten-ors of the battle-field, these memories were with him. to guide, to cheer and to sustain.

In April, 1801, Sumter was bombarded and the war of the re-' bellion inaugurated. His heart was with his country's flag in that dark hovu- of the nation's peril, and he did not hesitate an instant in ranging himself on the side of the Constitution and the Union. Before the sound of the enemy's guns had ceased, a company wa-s organized at Delphi, awaiting orders from Gov. Morton. It was immediately mustered into the service as Company A of the Ninth Regiment of Indiana Volunteers, with William A. Pigman as Second Lieutenant. His regiment was the first that left the State for Virginia, leaving Indianapolis on the "iyth of May, and reaching Grafton on the 1st of June. He was with his command and participated in the engagements at Philippi. Lam-el Hill and Carrick's Ford. At the expiration of the term of service, the regiment returned to Indianapolis, and was discharged soon after.

It was now apparent that the struggle would be a protracted one, and, at the organization of the Forty- sixth Regiment, at Logausport, ou the -tth of October, 1861, he was commissioned First Lieutenant of Company A of that regiment. The regiment contained three companies organized in Carroll County. The regiment soon marched to Kentucky, and, dm-ing the following winter, was on duty at Camp Wickliffe, Bardstovra and Muldraugh's Hill. On the lljth of February, 1862, the regiment went to Paducah, and from there it joined the army commanded by Gen. Pope, at Cameron, Mo. He was with his company, and participated in the engagements at Island No. 10, New Madrid and Riddle's Point. After these victories, there followed a siege of five weeks at Fort Pillow, and on the 5th of Jime, the battleflag of the regiment was raised in triumph over this stronghold of the enemy. The next day, the city of Memphis was captiu'ed, the Forty-sixth being the first regiment of Union troops which marched through its streets. Ou the 1-lth of June, he left Memphis with his regiment, participating in the brilliant engagement at St. Charles, where the regiment charged the rebel works, capturing the enemy's gims and a number of prisoners. Then followed the campaign of the fall and winter of 18r)2-()3. including Arkansas Post, the Tallahachie, Duvall's Bluff, Yazoo Pass and Fort Pemberton, in which the members of this regiment won imperishable renown. On the 12th of April, lS(i3, the regiment, which then formed a part of the Nineteenth Aj-my Cor[>s, started for Milliken's Bend, and took an active part in the memorable campaign at Vicksbm-g, participating in the battles at Port Gibson, Champion Hills and Jackson, and during the siege of Vicksbm'g for forty-four days. In these engagements, his regiment lost, in killed and wounded, more than one-fom-th of the number engaged.

During these sanguinary engagements, his conspicuous bravery had attracted the attention of his superior officers. He had already been promoted to the rank of Captain of his company, his commission dating May 26, 1862. On the 24th of Septeml)er. 1863, he was detailed, by order of Gen. Grant as Signal Oflicer for the Department of the Gulf, and immediately reported to Gen. Banks for duty. He was assigned to duty as Chief Signal Officer of the Nineteenth Army Corps. How well he discharged his duties dm-ing the military movements in Louisiana and Texiis may be seen fi-om the following extract from the official report of Gen. Banks: " The signal corps has been of essential service in this department, in all our operations hj land and water. In our recent movements upon the coast of Texas, it was the only means of communication between the inland bays and the coast, and, without the assistance of the Signal Officer, it seems as if we woTild sometimes have been deprived of the power of communication. The gentlemen connected with the Signal Corps in this department are men of excellent character, great energy and courage, almost always in fi-ont of the army and in positions of danger. * * * I do not know that I have ever received a complaint of neglect of duty by any Signal Officer. I wish to make my unqualified aj^proval, both of the utility of the corps and the conduct of its officers." On the 8th of Ajiril, 1864, at the battle of Sabine Cross Roads, he was severely wounded in the left breast, and was earned from the field. His robust constitution and determined spirit buoyed him up, and, after some time spent at home under the cai-e of loving hands and skillful treatment, he so far recovered as to be able to rejoin his command and serve his eoimtry tmtil the termination of the war.

History shines brighter to-day under the record of his heroism. His faith in the final triiunph of the holy cause for which he fought never faltered for a moment dm-ing the darkest days of that baptism of blood. Wai-m-hearted and genial, his friends are found wherever he was known. In Se])tember, 1861, he was made a Master Mason, and he ever lived a consistent and worthy member of the order.

in the pride and vigor of his manhood, at the early age of twentysix years; when life was spanned by the bow of promise: when honored and loved by a grateful, people; and when prepared to wear the honors he had so nobly won. Alas! how ti-ue it is that

Enoch Rinehakt

Enoch Kinehartwas born in Hampshire County, Va.. August 17, 1815, His paternal ancestry was of German extraction, and the maternal stock of Irish lineage. He remembered his paternal grandfather as a large, portly man, with a flowing beard and the sturdy habits characteristic of the members of that religious society known as the Dunkards. His father was a well-to-do Virginia farmer, and, after receiving a liberal education, such as was attainable in that State in the country schools at that time, he assisted his father on the farm. At the age of twenty-one, he became profoundly impressed with the belief that the Western States afforded better opportunities for a yoimg man than did the ancient commonwealth of Virginia, and so it was he determined to come West and grow up with Indiana. He settled in La Fayette in 1836, where he remained one year working at the carpenter's trade. From La Fayette he went toMonticello and worked there a year; thence to the then thriving village of Americus, where he engaged as clerk to Messrs. Walson & Son, who were conducting a general merchandise store, and remained with them about a year. In November, 1839, he came to Delphi and accepted a situation with H. W. & A, H. Bowen, remaining with them until some time in 1841, when he was tendered a more lucrative situation with Spears & Case, then doing a general merchandise business in this city. He remained in their employ until in August, 1844, at which time, in pui'suance of the voice of his fellow-citizens, he entered upon the duties of Sheriff of the county. So faithfully and well did he perform the trusts of the ofl&ce that he was honored with a re-election in 1846, March 10, 1847, he was appointed City Treasurer. In 1848, he engaged with George Robertson in the manufacture and sale of paper, and that business has engrossed his attention to the present time. In 1819, the paper-mill, built in 1846, was destroyed by tire, but was rebuilt in 1850-61, and is now standing. In 1857, in connection with Vine Holt, Esq,, he erected a substantial business block on Main street, and, diu'ing the year following, built his large and handsome dwelling house on the corner of Front and Market streets. In all of the enterprises of public utility and advantage, he has always occupied advanced ground, and was tireless in their advocacy and liberal with his means in their advancement. For twenty years, he was a moving spirit in the scheme of uniting the great city of Chicago with the capital of our State by an air-line railway, and, during several years, while the enterprise was struggling for a foothold, when it needed brave and unyielding men, he was a member of the Board of Directors. It is gratifying to remark that, at an early day, he will witness the consmmnation of that for which he so ardently hoped and zealously toiled. His interest in the building-up and development of the resources of the county has been active and continuous. For several yeiira, he was the President of the Ciirroll County Agricultm-al Association, and gave the society a vast amount of his valuable time without pay or hope of reward other than the betterment of the county and community in which he lived. He is an active member of the Masonic order, and was a charter member of Mount Olive Lodge, No. 48, instituted June 13, 1842. Severing his connection with the parent lodge, he became a charter member of Advance Lodge, No. 220, which afterward surrendered its charter. He then united with Delphi Lodge, No. 516, in which he still retains membership - not nominal, but active. Dm-ing his long membership, he has held many ofiices of trust and honor in the order.

Mr. Rinehart has been twice married. He was first united in man'iage to Miss Elizabeth F. Parker, in Springfield. Va. , June 8, 1845, with whom he lived but a short time until the happy relations were destroyed by the hand of death. His second marriage was to Miss Isabslle Moore, July 14, 1849, Three sons ai'e living, the fruits of this union, viz. : Edward M. , William A. and Harry M. Mr. Rinehart is a representative type of the wide-awake American business man, who believes that his individual interests are best subserved by carrying forward the community in which he lives.

James M. Watts

JAMES M. WATTS. The subject of this sketch was born in the town of Burlington, CaiToll Co,. Ind, , July 2, 1839, His paternal great-grandfather, Andrew Watts, Sr, , was a native of South Carolina and served in the war of 1812. His father. Andrew Watts, Jr, , was born in Tennessee May 25, 1801. His mother, Dhlsilla Watts, was born in Clarksburg, Va., February 14, 1814. ^ The parental families came to Indiana in 1829, and settled in Tippecanoe County, near Dayton. At this place, the parents of owx subject were united in marriage, September 6, 1832, and soon thereafter moved to Burlington. Andrew Watts, the father, died in Delphi April 29, 1871; the mother is still living, James worked on the farm until he was about fifteen years of age. attending school during the winter. He then entered a dry goods store at Logans - port, where he served about eighteen months, after which time he spent three years in school at Battle Groimd. In 1860, he engaged as clerk in the dry goods store of Gaylord, Frisbie & Co,, in Delphi, where he remained until April 18, 1861, when, responding to the first call for volunteers, he enlisted in Com pany A, Ninth Indiana Infantry, and served with the regiment through the West Virginia campaign, participating in the battles at Philippi, Laurel Hill and Carrick's Ford, At the expiration of his term of service, July 29, 1861, he was mustered out, and, on the 5th of October following, he re-enlisted in the Forty-sixth Indiana Infantry. November 3, he was commissioned Second Lieutenant of Company A, and. May 26, 1862, he was promoted to the First Lieutenancy of the company. On the 20th of Octo ber, ho was appointed Adjutant of the regiment. Within the limits of a brief biographical sketch, it is impossible to give in detail the marches, countermarches and movements of the command. Much information of this character will be found in the history of the Forty -sixth Regiment, in another depai-tment of this work. Suffice it to say that Mr. Watts was with the regiment in the Kentucky. Misiiouri and Mississippi River campaigns of 1862 and 1803,"and participated in the battle at New Madi-id, the bombardment of Island No, 10, the capture of Memphis and the battle at Port Gibson, In the latter engagement, he received a gunshot wound, which, to a person of a less robust constitution, would doubtless have proved fatal. The ball entered in front of the second floating rib, traversed the ujiper abdominal cavity and passed out noar the vertobrai column. The wound was received May 1, 1863. After suffering intensely in the field hospital for twelve days, he was removed to an officers" hospital at Memphis, where, under better treatment, he rapidly recovered, and. the last of June, he was able to go home. After spending a month in the North recruiting his health, he rejoined his regiment at Vioksburg July 30. Thence he went with his command to New Orleans, where the regiment veteranized, and. in the spring of 1804. participated in the campaign known in history as "the Red River expedition of Gea. Banks." After this expedition, which was as fruitful in .severe skirmishes and hai'd service as it was bsuTen of good results, the coimnand retiumed to New Orleans, and the veteranized part of the regiment came home on furlough, after which it re-organized and resumed service in Kentucky, performing garrison duty at Lexington. Thence the command went up the Sandy River to convey supplies to Gen. Burbridge"s cavalry corps. After its return to Le.vington. Mr. Watts, then Adjutant of the regiment, was transferred to and commissioned Major of the One Himdred and Fiftieth Indiana Infantry March 9. 18B5. He at once joined his new regiment in the Shenandoah Valley, near Harper's Ferry, where he served until his regiment was mustered out. August 18. 1805. Retm-ning to Delphi, he engaged in the dry goods trade as a member of the firm of Simpson. Watts & Howes. In 1869, he abandoned the dry goods business, went to Selma, Ala., and became largely interested in an oil-mill. After two years of exjierience in the manufacturing business, he quietly abandoned it and returned to Delphi. In 1873. he was appointed Postmaster, reappointed in 1877, and again appointed in 1881.

Mr. Watts holds two brevet commissions under date of Juno 6. 1807. For "gallant and meritorious service at the l)attlo of Port Gibson." he was made a Brevet Lieutenant Colonel, and tor " gallant and meritorious service during the war. " he was honored with the rank of Brevet Colonel.

He is an active member of the Masonic order; was made a Master Mason in October, 1801; a Royal Arch member in 1800; a Knight Templar in 1870; and received the degrees of the Consistorj' to and including the thirty-second, in March. 1879. He has served three terms as High Priest of Delphi Chapter. No. 22. and was a charter member of Delphi Lodge. No. 510, Ho has represented his lodge and chapter in the State grand bodies. He is an active member of the Methodist Church, with which he united in 18()7.

December 31, 1800, he was married to Miss Cornelia J. Blanchard, who died June 4, 1874. October 11. 1!S7(). he was married to Miss Josephine L. Blanchard, a sister to his former wife. In his life-work. Mr. Watts has been generally successful, and is deemed a valuable citizen.

Location, Boundary, Etc

Adams lies in the northwestern part of Carroll County. It is a township of irregular shape, owing to the course of the Wabash River, which forms its eastern boundary line, separating it from Rock Creek Townsliip. Its northern boundary line is the line between the counties of CaiToll and Cass, while Jefferson Township bounds it on the west and Tippecanoe Township on the south. Its natural features resemble those of other townships in the coimty, through which important water-courses have their way. From the central part of the township, the surface is a series of gentle undulations, which gradually increase in altitude toward the eastern exti-emity, terminating in bluff banks at the Wabash River, and facing that stream throughout its entire course through the township. Toward the western and northwestern portions, the surface is quite level, and, in some places, flat and swampy. The greater portion of these low lands, however, have been redeemed by a system of drainage, and made useful for purposes of agriculture. The township is well watered, there being two important streams besides the Wabash. These are Rattlesnake and Bm'nett's Creeks, both of which have been utilized since early days for their excellent water-power, turning milling machinery for nearly half a century. Saw-mills were munerous in early times as well as in later ye^'s. And the township, being heavily timbered, has proved a favorable locality for enterprises of that nature. Among the timber still standing there are large quantities of oak, hickoiy and poplar, all possessing a market value and meeting with a ready sale. All the varieties of timber usually met with in this latitude flourished here in

I Settlement

I Although there were pm'chasesof public lands in the township as early as the year 1820, it would seem they were purchased for pui-poses of speculation and not for settlement. All that part of Section 18 lying in Adams Township was entered by James Hayden, in April, 1826; but it is said he never was a settler, and this statement receives sanction by the large tract of land contained in this purchase. It was very unusual for an actual settler to enter more than a quarter-section at a time, and still more common for them to enter forty and eighty-acre tracts. It is likely, therefore, that Hayden was a capitalist, and held the land to sell at advanced prices, as did many others at a later day. A large proportion of the lands in the western and southwestern portions of the township were still held by the Indians after the settlement of the eastern and northern parts had been begun; and, although these lands did not come into mai-ket until later, it is believed that some of them were occupied temporarily by white men, who, however, made no improvements and failed to identify themselves in any way with the history of the township. At just what time the settlement began, or who was the first white settler, it is impossible to say with accuracy. It is certain, however, that William Hicks was among the first, and perhaps an assertion that he was the very first would not be contradicted. He came to the township in 18'28 or 1829, and settled on the banks of the Wabash, just above the present site of Lockport. He remained here but a few years, but while here he was a good citizen and an industrious man. He cleared and improved a portion of the land upon which he located, but finally removed to another locality, and all trace of him is lost from that date.

The family of John Love were jM-obably the next white people who came to the township. Mr. Love was a native of South Carolina, but removed to Missouri in 1818, remaining there until his removal to Adams Township, in March, 1830. On the 1st day of October, 1832. he entered the east half of the southeast ijuarter of Section 21, in Town 26 north. Range 2 west, and, on the Ist of January. 1835, entered another tract in Section 2 of the same range. On this latter tract his son William now resides. Mr. Love was an honorable man and a good citizen. He lived for thirty-seven years in the township, during which time he was identified with manj' of its public improvements. He died in April, 1867, at the home of his daughter, Mrs. John ('ochi-an.

When Mr. Love came to the tovmship, he was accompanied by a relative, Samuel A. Tomb. The latter purchased a small tract of land, and, after partially clearing it, located at Loclqjort. Some years later, he removed to one of the Western States, where he died. In the fall of 1830, John Crowell and Joseph Newman settled in Section 15, and Newman immediately entered the tract upon which he located. His entry comprised the west half of the southeast quarter and the east half of the southwest quarter of that section. Crowell held his land by the right of pre-emption until October 2. 1S32, when he pm-chased it. Peter Speece came in the fall of 1830, and his brothers, John and Jacob, came about the same time. They piu-chased land in the townshi]5. and were long identified with its interests. Amasa Straight came late in the fall of 1830, and settled upon a tract of land in Section 4, which he entered in 1835. Jacob Biegel was probably the first of a number of settlers who came in 1831. In the preceding October he had visited the township in quest of a location, and entered the fractional northwest quarter of Section 24. It was upon this ti-act he settled in 1831, and here cleared and improved a farm. In March, 1831, Thomas, John, William, James and Andrew H. Barnes, with their widowed mother, came from Pai-ke County. Ind., and located upon a tract of land in Section 11, which had been entered by John Barnes in the preceding year. Samuel Neill and Samuel Grewell came in 1831 and both entered land - Neill in Section 6 and Grewell in Section 7. Both cleared and improved the lands they purchased, and both remained citizens of the township until death. Charles Wright, Eliab Forbes 1 and Jacob Sager were among the settlers of 1831, and Daniel and j Frederick Hoover came early in 1832. They entered land in Section 21, and were successful farmers. Nathaniel Ingles came in 1832, and entered a tract of land in Section 1 . He was a minister of the Associate Presbyterian Chm-ch, and was identified with the early history of that denomination in this township. James Small came early in 1 833, and entered a tract of land in Section 1. Here he cleared and improved a farm, upon which he resided until death. His wife, who sm'vives him, now owns and occupies the homestead. Among others who came in 1833 were Joseph Henderson, who located in Section 6; Samuel Galloway, in Section 8; Thomas Irehmd, in Section 3; Jesse James, in Section 12; Thomas Martiudale, in Section 21; Andrew Sinks, in Section 22; Richard McGriff, in the same section; John Grantham, in Section 23, and Stephen McPhei-son, in Section 28. It would be difficult to present a list of settlers who came after this date, or make personal mention of the numerous families who found their way to the settlement and identified themselves with its history. By the year 1836, all the public lands in the township had been pm-chased, and there was a population of several hundred persons within its limits. Orchards had been planted, and many of them were bearing fi-uit at that date. Thousands of acres had been cleared, and were then under successful cultivation. So the actual pioneer history of the township properly ends with the time when the labors of its first settlers had begun to make the progress of civilization felt in the wilderness and the forest had given place to fertile fields.

The following is an abstract from the original tract-book of Carroll County, and gives the name of each person who piu'chased land in Adams Township, while these lands were still the property of the Government. Among the following names are many who were never residents in the township, but entered public lands with the view of selling them at advanced prices to others, who, in later years, came here to find homes and assist in the work of civilization and improvement. The majority, however, ai-e names of actual settlers who bore a full share of the hardships incident to pioneer life. Following is the list:

There were many who settled in the townshijj at a later date, who were entitled to be enumerated among the early settlers; but, in view of the impossibility of obtaining a full list of such names, it is deemed advisable to make no personal mention beyond the soiu'ce from which they can be obtained with accuracy, viz., the public records. For twenty years or more after the settlement began, there were large tracts of land in the township still unimproved, and the settlers by whom these lands were opened for cultivation were subjected to all the hardships and inconveniences experienced by those who settled here in the beginning. The same purpose brought them here and the same energy characterized their labors

Improvements began to be made at a very early date Probably the first crop in the township was raised by William Hicks, and each succeeding settler planted his first acre of cleared ground in corn or wheat, thus raising the means for the family subsistence in the forest home. From the cnidest system of farming this community developed, in the com-se of years, into one of the most systematic. Improved implements for agricultural pm-- poses were readily adopted and tested by them, and a spirit of public enterprise sepms to have always animated them, A fertile soil, tilled by skillful hands, has yielded generously and placed Adams among the most productive townships of the county. The endiu'ance and energy of her pioneers seem to have been inherited by their sons, and the work of improvement begun by the former has been successfully carried out by the latter.

Adams Township was first invested with a civil existence by the Board of County Commissioners at a session of that body held in May, 1831. The order creating this civil division provided -' that all the territory west of the "Wabash River and east of the Tippecanoe Eiver, in Can'oll County, and above the section line one mile north of the line between Townships 25 and 26, be known as Adams Township." These boundaries were altered by subsequent orders of the board, and, five years later. Jefferson Township was organized fi'om the western portion of the original township of Adams. By the act of organization, John Scott was appointed Inspector of Elections, and his house designated as the regular voting place for the township. The first election for

A board of three Trustees managed the local affairs of the township, but the records of their meetings have been mislaid, and no authority now exists from which to obtain a list of the names constituting this board. Under the provisions of the revised constitution of 1851-52, the civil and school affairs were in the hands of three Trustees, who were assisted by a Clerk and Treasurer. By a later law, however, the offices of Clerk and Tre.asm-er were abolished, and the duties of the board relegated to one Trustee. Under (he old law, the Trustees met at stated intervals, hearing petitions relating to the opening of new roads, levying the local tax for sshojl purposes, or contracting wifh certain builders for the erection of schoolhouses. From 1853 to 1850, the township records contain the minutes of these meetings, but after the date last named, no meetings were held, owing to the changed law heretofore alluded to, and the books of the Trustee under the new law contain little more than memoranda of receipts and expendititres of the township money. The power to grant the opening of new roads was invested in the County Commissioners, upon the abolition of the township board, but while that authority was in the hands of the Trustees the township was greatly benefited by its use. Petitions of this nature were before the board at nearly every meeting, and Viewers were promptly appointed to traverse the site of the proposed road, to decide whether or not it would be a public convenience. They seldom reported to the contrary, and the result is a system of pitblic highways of great importance as outlets for the produce of the townshiji.

During the summer or fall of 1834, the citizens of the town ship united in building a little cabin for school piu-poses on the farm of John Love. This was the first school building in the township, and nearly every family was represented by one or more pupils. Thomas McLaughlin was engaged as teacher, and the first session was held during the winter following the erection of the building. A description of the house and its apjioiutments would be only what is told of pioneer schools in general. It may be said of the teacher, however, that he was much better qualified for his work than were the majority of pioneer teachers, since he was quite an able man. His pupils progressed rapidly, and some who are now prominent citizens of the township received their first glimpses of an education under his instructions. The building in which he taught was followed by another, similar to it, in 1835. The second building was placed near the present site of Hopewell Church, and the first term of school was conducted dm-ing the winter of that year. Shortly afterward, a similar cabin was erected on the farm of Samuel Grewell, near Lookport, and, like the other houses here alluded to. was used for a school building for a number of years. Cabins were erected at a later date on the lands of Valentine Good. James Small and Nathaniel Ingles, respectively. They were all alike in appearance, and there was little about them to distinguish one fi-om the other. The system of management was the same in each, and the limit of the teacher's ability was marked by the same boimdaiy line in nearly every case - "the rule of three" in arithmetic, supported by a fair knowledge of reading and writing. When a scholar had so far mastered these mysteries that his knowledge of them was co-extensive with those of the teacher, his education was completed. No standard of qualification in the teacher was thought necessary, and often the older boys had attained such perfection under the instructions of the last teacher, that they were fully competent to teach the next man who took charge of the school. But this state of things did not continue for many years. The sale of land in the section reserved for the schools, and known as the "school section," created a public fund, which was applied in partially liquidating the expenses of maintaining the schools, which had, until this time, been supported wholly by private pati-ouage. The Township Trustees received this fund and the schools were thus brought measurably under their supervision. The township was divided into districts, in each of which a house was erected, and as long as the public money held out the schools were free to all. This, however, was only for a portion of the term, and those who attended for the remaining portion did so at the expense of their parents. Undei- this new system, more care was taken in the selection of teachers than in the earlier days, and the conduct of the schools was more thorough, aud their effects on the general intelligence more marked. The improvement thus begun culminated in the great public school system of the present day. The adoption of the provisions of this law began in Adams Township about the year 1853, and, during the succeeding years, the schools have progressed steadily, taking high rank among the educational institutions of the county. During the yeai- ending September i, 1881. there were 260 pupils enrolled in the several schools of the township, the daily attendance averaging 166.

For teachers' salaries, an average of $2.05 for male and $1.83 for female teachers was paid during that period. There are in the township seven schoolhouses, all frame buildings, valued, together with the grounds, school apparatus, etc., at $4,100. The special school tax amounts to 15 cents on each $100 valuation of |)roperty, and the local tax for school purposes the same. The following is an exhibit of the financial condition of the schools:

Account Of Special School Revenue

At an early day, occasional services were celebrated in the cabins of settlers, at such times as ministers came to the locality to conduct them. The Associate Presbyterians were the first religious body who formed an organization or were represented by a church here. But, while the church itself, and the princi])al features of its growth and development, are inseparably a part of the history of Adams Township, the organization had its inception in White County, Ind. In the church record of this congregation appears the followiug explanatory entry: "The Associate Synod of North America, in session at Philadelphia, Penn., in May, 1828, appointed James B. Miller and John Kendall mission naries in Indiana, Kentucky, Illinois and Missouri, with authority to constitute themselves into a presbytery, as circumstances might require. Accordingly, a majority met in Pre.sbytery in Randolph County, 111., November 11, 1828, and, in answer to a petition fi'om the congregation of Lower Raccoon, James B. Miller was appointed to hold an election for Elders, Alexander Barnes and James Barnes were elected Ruling Elders for the congregation of Lower Raccoon."

It does not appear from the record, or fi-om such verbal information as can be obtained, that the congregation of Lowei' Raccoon ever erected a house of worship, and indeed it seems probable that a removal to a more central point was contemplated from the first. On the 28th of March, 1829, they agreed, by a vote of the congregation, to remove the seat of their organization, and locate on Burnett's Creek, within the present limits of Adams Township. It seems scarcely probable that this move was in the hope of reaching a more thickly settled region, for the settlement of Adams Township had not yet begim. Yet, what is now White County (or. at least, a portion of this territory), was then attached to Can-oil County, and was known as Norway Township. It may have been a desire to be nearer the county seat that prompted the removal, but, whatever the motive, Bm-nett's Creek became the permanent location of the congregation, and here it grew and prospered. For several yenrs its members met at the cabins in the settlement, and were led in their devotions by one of the Elders. In 1834, a lot was donated to the society by John Bai'nes, and upon this they immediately erected a house of wor ship. This structure was of round logs, and stood very near the site of the present edifice. It was occupied upon all occasions of public service, until the year 1850, when it was succeeded by a neat, substantial frame chm'ch, in which the services of the congregation ai-e still conducted. Rev. Nathaniel Ingles, who has been mentioned as one of the early settlers, was the first pastoiof the chm'ch, and occupied that relation until 1858. He was succeeded by Rev. John M. Snodgrass, in 1864, the interin: having been filled by supplies. Mr Snodgrass retired in 1867. since which time there has been no regular [lastor, although serv ices are held quite regularly by ministers sent as supjilies.

While the Presbyteriaus were holding meetings at the houses of their members, the Methodists were also holding desultory meetings at other places, principally in the neighborhood of Lockjiort. For a time their meetings were held at private houses, and subsequently a log church was erected on n town lot donated for that purpose. At a later date this was succemleil by the present church - a frame buildinir. Services are regularly conducted, and the church is in a jirosperous condition.

In the western part of the township, Daniel Hoover began to promulgate the doctrines of Alexander Campbell at an early day. There were among his neighbors several atlherents of the Chi'istjan denomination, and othei-s soon joined them. At times, the services would be conducted at the house of one of the members, but usually they were held in the schoolhouse on the land of Samuel Grewell. Ever since the organization of this little band, the society has maintained its identity and continued to prosper. In 1874, a lot was donated by Hamilton Hoover, and uj)on this was erected the present house of worship. It is a neat frame building, which, while possessing no architectural excellence, yet chai-ms one with its appearance. The perfect white of its exterior walls is relieved by green blinds, and, located as it is in a beautiful grove, it attracts the admiration of all passers-by. Elder James Lilly is the Pastor in charge of the congregation at this time, and the house is known as the '- Hopewell Church."

Almost iis early a.s the settlement of the township began, there were those who followed with milling machinery, knowing the excellent water-power aftorded by Burnett's Creek, and recognizing the necessity of such enterprises in a community newly settled. First, a saw mill was erected at Lookpovt, by John and William A. Barnes, in 1832 or 1833. In 1835, they began adding machinery for gi-inding wheat and corn, and, in 183(5. the gristmill was put into operation. This mill passed to the ownership of various parties in succeeding years and has undergone some repairs. It is still standing, and the machinery is in good order, though not now in operation. S. L. Clark is the present proprietor.

A little above this mill, on the same creek. John Shultz erected a saw-mill about 1836, and, in 1843 or 1S44, erected another building near it for a gristmill. He also established a tannery at this place and manufactui-ed nearly all the leather that was used in the settlement for several years. The tannery and the saw-mill each outlived their usefulness, and were in time abandoned. The tioirring-mili, however, proved a permanent institution, and is still in operation. It passed into the possession of various parties, and finally to William Townsley. the jiresent proprietor,

Joseph Newman erected a saw-mill on Rattlesnake Creek in 1833 or 1834. and several years later added flouring- mill machinery. He operated both departments successfully for a number of years, but the business finally declined and the mill has been idle for several years.

About the year 1838, a little sawmill was erected at the present site of the Hoover Mill. It passed fr-om the possession of the original proprietor to Thomas McGrew, and from him to Alexamler Hoover, who removed the saw-mill to the opposite side of the creek and erected the present floiu-ing-mill in its place.

In i84f) or 1847, a saw-mill was erected by John and William Townsley. on Burnett's Creek. This mill is slill in operation and is owned by William Townsley. one of the original proprietors.

The old saw-mill removed by Alexander Hoover was piu-cha.sed by John Fry and brother, who converted it into a steam saw-mill, and subsequently added to it the machinery of a planing-mill. At a later dat*-, they added turning-lathes and other machinery necessary for the manufacture of spokes and felloes, in which

The principal occupation of the citizens of Adams has always been the pursuit of agi-iculture; and, as has been intimated in another part of this chapter, her agi-icultural statistics compare favorably with those of other townships of the (county. In ISSO, there 3,023 acr&s sown in wheat, from which 45,345 bushels were gathered; 2,458 acres planted in corn yielded 43,191 bushels; 375 acres in sown oats yielded 14,650 bushels. From 571 acres of meadow, 571 tons of hay were gathered, while 30 acres of L'ish potatoes yielded 1.2it6 bushels.

The Village Of Loi'Kpokt

During the days when the Wabash & Erie Canal was the principal artery of commerce between Toledo and the West, numerous thriving towns came into existence along its com-se, and prospered as long as the canal retained its jirestige. But as the greater advantages of the railroads drew the patronage of shippcis away from the Ciinal, this once great highway began to decline. and the malady that effected it, spread to the towns, of whose prosperity it had been the source. Lockport belonged to this class. It was founded about the time the canal was completed, and liecame a great point for the sale and shipment of grain. Two lai'ge warehouses were ei-ected on the bank of the canal, with facilities for discharging their contents of wheat or corn directly into the canal-boats, as they " lay to." It is said that these warehouses were often filled and em2:)ti«d again twice, or even three times, during one season. The trade of the town extended over a circuit of thirty miles or more, and its mercantile establishments were all conducted on a mammoth plan. Merchants and mechanics alike made money rapidly, and the evidences of prosperity were everywhere noticeable throughout the village. But a change came over the spirit of its dreams, and whatever ideas of the futiu-e greatness of their village had slumbered in the hearts of the villagers, were doomed never to be realized. The first stroke of adversity was the construction oi the Toledo, Wabash & AVestern Bailway, which first drew freight and passenger travel away fr-om their former channel - the canal. Subsequently, the construction of other railroads within the circuit from which the town had formerly drawn a large patronage, was the signal for the springing-up of other towns, which drew largely from another source of its prosperity. As traffic on the canal grew less and less each yeai', Loclqiort's glory waned in proportion, until it became a mere ghost of its forme self, and one who now beholds the place for the first time at once recognizes the fact that he is in a town which has "seen better 'days." The warehouses are still standing, but they have fulfilled their mission, and their massive frames and idle storerooms look gloomy and solemn. In the basement of one is a drinking saloon, while farther up the street a similar receptacle opens its doors invitingly to the bibulous. The town has no hotel. The mercantile business is represented by two stores, one of which is a grocery, kept by W. W. Barnes, the Postmaster; the other is a grocery and notion store, kept by Mrs. Nancy Briggs. There are two jiracticing physicians- Dr. A. L. Stnari and Dr. R. I. Wilson. Jacob Burk, blacksmith, and Charles West, wagon-maker, are the representa five mechanics of the village.

JAMES HAiNNA. Commissionek. Mr. Hanna is a member of the present Boai'd of Coniiiiissioii ers of Carroll County, having taken his seat in that body at the December term, 1879. Previous to his election as (Commissioner.

Mr. Hanna is a son of Robert and Elizabeth (Mooney) Hanna. and was born in Greene County, Ohio, on the 18th day of June. 1823. In 1833. August 23. with his parents, he, came to Indiana, locating first in White County (not then a county), and subsequently, in 1865, with his own family, he moved to Adams Township. CaiToll County, where he has ever since resided. His father was a native Pennsylvanian, of English descent, and was a soldier in the war of 1812. i

James Hanna was married, on the 9th of April. 1847. to Emily Gibson, a native of Ohio. The fruits of this marriage are four children - John H. (married to Sarah Coleman). Mary J. (married to Manfred Coble). Robert and Marion,

Formerly a Whig in politics, for a number of years he has I been connected with the Democratic party, entirely abstaining. | however, from partisan labors, even in campaigns in which he himself was a candidate for the suffrages of the people. I

Mr. Hanna. like his father before him. has been satisfied to follow the even tenor of a farmer's life, believing that honest toil brings honorable success, whether laboring in a himable or I exalted sphere. Along with this occujiation. he has engaged for a number of years in the sacred calling of a minister of the [ Church of God. Having lived a thoroughly abstemious life, he is yet, at the age of fifty-eight years, a hale and vigoroOs man. Of kind, approachable ways, a counselor of the young and com- i panion of the old, a man of strict probity and of moral influence, Mr, Hanna is in every way a desirable neighbor and an excellent i citizen.

One of the jjioneersof the northern portion of Carroll County, and a neighbor and citizen who has always ranked high in the | estimation of the people for the sterling qualities of his character, is the subject of this review, William Love. Born in Lincoln County, Mo,, on the 8th of June, 1819, his residence in Carroll County. Ind. , began eleven years later, with the removal of his parents, in March, 1830, to this county, and their squatting on a piece of timbered land near Burnetfs Creek, in what is now Adams Township. James A. Love now owns and lives upon the original homestead.

The Love family had left Missouri in 1828, and had passed a year in Park County, Ind, , before coming to this county. John Love, father of William Love, was born near Yorkville. S, C, on the 29th of December, 1776; served as a First Lieutenant in the war of 1812; was married, July 24, 1818. to Miss Sarah Galloway, and, in the fall of that year, moved to Lincoln County, Mo, He departed this life in 1867, in his ninety-first year. John Love and his wife were of Scot^ch-Irish descent.

William Love was married to Miss Deborah Cochran in the year 1842, on the 15th day of March, the ceremony occurring at the residence of her parents, Samuel M. Cochran (a soldier of 1812) and Sarah (Endsley) Cochran, natives of North Carolina, who emigrated to Carroll County, Ind., in the fall of 1838. William Love and his wife are both members of the Associate Presljyterian Church.

Mr. Love has never dopai'ted from the worthy occupation handed down from his fathers -that of farming- and to-day resides on and manages an excellent farm immediately adjoining the Love homestead. On this farm he has reared a large family of boys and girls, five of whom are living - John M. (married to Catherine Barnes). James C, Sarah A. (wife of William Gilkey), Mary I. (wife of B. F. Stewart) and Elizabeth M. Mr. Love also has two sisters. Margaret Cochran and Sai'ah E. Cochran, and one brother, James A,, living.

In 1888. Mr. Love was elected a member of the Board of Commissioners of Carroll County, and in 1861 he was re-elected to the same position. In politics, he was originally a Whig, but, since its formation, he has been a member of the Republican party.

Mr. Love has lived a commendable life. A man of sciiipulous fidelity to truth and right, temperate and abstemious in his personal habits, industrious and prudeut in the management of his own interests, and of caution and sound judgment when acting in an official capacity, he deserves, indeed, the reward of the " good and faithful servant."

Dr. Robert I. Wilson

Dr. Wilson was born in Ross County. Ohio. December 12, 1815. He was a son of John and Lucy (Taylor) Wilson, and a grandson of James Wilson. Both father and grandfather were natives of Pennsylvsnia, and both immigrated to Chillicothe, Ohio, in 1798.

His maternal grandfather, Capt. William Taylor, was a native Englishman, who came to the shores of New Jersey at sixteen years of age. Subsequently, Grandfather Taylor joined the Federal army, and served as an officer throughout the Revolutionary stniggle, and, later, drifted to the State of Kentucky, where he became the owner of slaves. But, soon becoming averse to the institution of slavery, after disposing of a portion of his slaves, he removed to Ross County, Ohio, with the balance, where he gave them their freedom. Capt. Taylor's daughter Lucy here formed the acquaintance of John Wilson, the father of oui- subject, this acquaintance resulting in marriage in 1802. Dr. Wilson was reared on a farm, and received his elementary education in the pioneer common school. This he supplemented by a course of study at the Dayton Academy.

In the spring of 1837, he commenced the study of medicine, under Dr, Henry Van Tyle. of Dayton, Ohio, and continued thus for about three years, completing a course, in the meantime at the Cincinnati Medical College, the fall of 1839, In the spring of 1840, he removed to Lockport, Carroll Co,, Ind., where, forming a partnership with an older brother. Dr. John Wilson, who had preceded him thither five years, he commenced the practice of his profession. About 1842, his brother retiu-ning to Ohio, the sTibject of our sketch removed t« Delphi, and there entered into a copartnership with Dr. Samuel Grimes, of that i>lace.

Here he married Miss Jane Howlett, daughter of Capt, Parker Howlett, on December 19, 1844, and, about July, 1845, he removed to Georgetown, Cass County, In the spring of 1N47, he again changed to Burnettsville, White County, and finally, in the spring of 1852, returned to Lockport, where h<' has since lived and continued his profession.

Dr, Wilson has been a man of (>nduring constitution, and, being of temperate habits, is well preserved for his years. Ever assiduous in the line of his ])rofession and in the piu-suit of fortixne, he has been successful, and is now the owner of a large estate.

Burlington is the southeast comer township of Carroll County. The tenitory it comprises was first erected into a civil township by the County Commissionere, in Mai'ch, 1832. CarroUton Township bounds it on the norih. Howard County on the east, Clinton County on the south, and Democrat Township on the west. The township is well diained by natural water-courses. Wildcat Creek, the jjrincipal sti'eam, flows west thiough the central portion; Bachelor's Run flows through the northern part, and Hm-ricane Branch through the western, while the Middle Fork of Wildcat Oeek flows through the sonthwestern pai-t. The soil is a rich loam, with an adraixtm-e of sand. It is very fertile and yields abimdantly of the fruits and cereals common to this latitude. Along Wildcat Creek and in the northwestern portion of the township, the surface is broken by gently undulating land; in other parts of the township it is level, and, in some places, quite low and swampy, rendering artificial drainage necessary to a great extent.

At the beginning of civilization within its borders, the settlers found the usual varieties of timber - oak, ash, walmit, beech, sugar-mai)le, etc., and among others the coffee- nut tree. This variety of timber is now almost, or quite, extinct in this vicinity. It was a close-grained wood, somewhat resembling oak in its firm texture, and when thoroughly seasoned was so hard as to tm-n the edge of the best steel tools. It bore a berry in a pod closely resembling mix vomica, which was poisonous to the cattle. There ai-e still large quantities of valuable timber in the groves thi-oughout the township, but by far the greater portion fell in the days of pioneer history, when a few nigged and brave families penetrated these wilds for the piu'pose of transforming them into fai-ms and homes, and the timber was sacrificed for cleared fields, regardless of the value which future veal's would place upon it.

Settlement

After the lapse of more than half a century, it is difficult to state, with the assm'ance of acciu'acy, who was the tu'st white settler within the present boundary uf Biu-liugton, as the history of its early settlement is chiefly a matter confined to the memory of Its oldest surviving inhabitants. It is stated by Dr. Samuel Anderson that, as early as the year 1S27, Mahlon Shinn, George Harness and David Ewing came here with their families and began the usual labors of the pioneer. From this statement, it seems evident that these families were here some time before they purchased the lands upon which they lived, as the tract-book does not record the entry of land by them until several years later. From this record it appears that George Harness entered land in Section lo, in October, 1880; David E\ving entered land in Section 22, in October, 1831, and Mahlon Shinn in Section 35. in February, 1830. It was not unusual in the early days for settlers to hold their lands by the right of pre-emption (otherwise known as the "squatter's title") until they were ready to purchase. This, it would seem, was the ease with the gentlemen here alluded to. Accompanying David Ewing were his son Lewis and family and Samuel Arthur and family - the last named from North Carolina, while the E wings came from Union County, Ind. Ai-thur was a preacher of that order of Baptists denominated "Ironsides.'' He possessed a remarkable memory, but was quite illiterate. He held religious meetings at various cabins in the settlement, but the denomination he represented never formed an organization in the township. Ai-thur gave his atteution chiefly to clearing and improving his farm, upon which he resided until death. The same is true of those who came with him to the townshi]!. The farm upon which Mahlon Shinn fii-st located is now owned and occupied by his heirs, while the Harness farm is now owned and occupied by William Harness, the son of the original proprietor.

In 1828, Philip Kinker came to the township with his brothers, Joseph and Washington. Joseph entered the land now owned by Robert Johnson, aud Washington entered a tract of land now owned by Mauelius Johnson. After partially clearing their lands, the Rinkers sold out and removed to the West^ Philip constructed a rude sort of a grist-mill as early as 1830 or 1831. This was among the earliest mills on Wildcat and the only one on that stream in Carroll County, except the Adams mill, in Democrat Township.

Samuel Gwinn came to the township soon after the lliuker brothers, and entered land adjoining theirs. He cleared and impro\ed his farm, and died in the township.

In 1830, William F. Gearhart came from North Carolina and entered laud in Section 33. He removed to Howard County, Ind., after clearing a j^ui't of his farm, and took part in the pioneer struggles of that coimty. Jacob Brown came from Union County, Ind., in 1832, and, in October of the same year, entered land in Section 2. Here he cleared and improved a farm, upon which he resided until death. William Smith settled in the township in the spring of 1832, with a family of six children, of which number James C. is the only one now living in this coanty. He had visited this locality at an earlier date, and on that occasion purchased his land aud erected a cabin for his family. He was compelled to cut a road through the woods for his wagon, and to place logs in the swamps to avoid sinking in the mud. With the usual experiences of the frontiersman, he began work here, and, in the course of time, developed a fine farm. He died in the township in 1869.

William C. Ewing came in 1833, and entered land in Section 22. After clearing his farm and cultivating it for a few years. he removed to Clinton County. Ind., where he probably remained until death. Edmund Moss came in August, 183-1, from Union County. Ind. He entered the land upon which he has ever since resided, having, in tlie meantime, converted it into a fine fai-m. One month after the an'ival of Mr. Moss, William Runyon and Stephen Harmon moved into the towushi]>, settling upon tracts of land which they had previously purchased. Both cleared and improved their farms. Mr. Runyon died in the township and Mr. Harmon still occupies his farm. William Stockton, a former resident of Ross County, Ohio, was among the settlers of 1834. In Ohio he had kept a tavern and engaged in the same business here. The Michigan road was then the great thoroughfare between Madison and Michigan City, Ind., and the proprietors of houses of entertainment derived a goodly proiit from travelers along this highway. Stockton's was the relay-house, where the stage-horses were kept, and thus enjoyed a distinction fi-om the numerous houses along the road bearing the notice " Entertainment." His son John was long a driver of one of the stages on this route, and liis son William drove the mail hack after the stages had been withdi-awn. The old homestead is now occupied by James and Barker Stockton, their father having cultivated the farm until he died.

Up to 1835, it is comparatively an easy task to mention the names, of the prominent settlers of the township in chronological order. Subsequent to that date, however, the arrival o( new families was of almost daily occm-rence, and in a detailed list of names, some would unavoidably be omitted. We can therefore only mention such names as we have been able to learn. Jesse Curtis settled in Section 4 in 1835: Andrew Gwinn settled in the same section toward the close of that year: Joseph Kingery settled in Section 5 in 1835; Samuel Gwinn in Section 7 and George Davis and James Beatty in the same section later in that year. Other settlers of 1835 were Andrew Beck, Thomas Cromwell, David Powers, Eluathan Davis, Hiram Shaffer, Thomas Stoops, John Creits, John Trent, John Eikenberry, John Kelley, Robert Williams, Jacob Staley, Josiah W. Chatham. Abraham Zink and others.

From this date we rely for additional names uj>ou the following record of land pm-chases, obtained fi'om the tract book. This record, while it contains the names of many who were not settlers in the township, is nevertheless interesting, since it shows by whom the vai-ious tracts of land were entered. Following are the names of purchasers;

At a session of the Board of Cormnissiouers of CaiToll County, heW in March. 1832. it was ordered that all that part of Jackson Township lying southof the north lineot Section 10, Town 24 north, be set apart, and that the new township should be known and designated by the nameof Biulington Township. From the territory contained within these boundaries, Democrat Township was constituted three years later. By order of the board. Alston Wyatt was appointed Inspector of Elections, and the house of John Adams (now in Democrat) was made the voting-place. At the first election, held on the tiret Monday in April, 1832, Mahlon Shinn was elected Justice of the Peace for a term of foiu' years. Since that date, the following-nanu'il i;riitli'iiirii have been elected to that office:' John Calvert, elrch'd \s\'',-. ^AFahlon Shinn (reelected), 1840: Daniel Beck. 1840: I'hilip Waters. 1841: John M. Lungstn-tli, 1845: Isaac Patty. 1845; Charles AV. Wisehart, 18411: Solthy K. Timmons, 185(1: James M. Daruall, 1853: James M. Biyant, 1S55: Isaac Patty, 1863: William Mote, 1865; John Bateman. 1866; Michael Beckner, 1800; Elijah McKinney, 1867; William N. Taylor, 1870; Kobert Young, 1870; John T. Johnson, 1872; David W. Beck, 1874; Hiram A. Lovell, 1870; Joseph W. Gwinn, 1878; Hiram A. Lovell (re-elected). 1880.

Since the organization of the township, the oifice of Constable has been tilled by the following-named gentlemen: Josiah P. Williams, elected 1838: Andrew J Watts, 1839: Layton North.

I Under the old law. the civil affairs of the ttiwnship were managed by a board of three Trustees, whose names we have been unable to obtain. Petitions for roads were presented to this I boai-d, and in response to these were laid out the numerous public highways which now encompass nearly every section of land

I lier years of the township's history, had a very direct bearing ! upon the health of the community. It is stated by Harrison Gwinn, who came in January. 1839, that the country was so heavily covered with timber as to exclude the rays of the sun. The rank vegetation decayed on the ground during the fall, and malai-ial complaints followed as a natural consequence. The few wagon-tracks thi-ough the woods answering the purpose of roads j were so thickly .shaded by the heavy timber that they were always muddy and in a precarious condition for traveling.

I ague. They expected it every fall, and were seldom disa|5poinfcd. I'ntil great progi'ess had been made in the work of clearing, this was almost a universal rule. The removal of the timber, and the cnnsequeut penetration of the sunshine, accomplished what medical science was powerless to do. The marshes were dried up, and miasma ceased to be the bane of this fair region.

By th(^ law of 1858, the duties of the Boai-d of Trustees were j so amended as to leave the civil and school affairs in the hands of ' one Trustee, while the power of granting road surveys was vested in the Board of County Commissioners. The public records of i

A detailed history of the early schools of this township would l)resent no new features, and in this connection we can only deal in generalities. Pioneer schools were almost uniformly alike in all their characteristics, their architecture, and the rules by which they were governed. All that can bo said to belong distinctively to the historj- of Burlington Township, therefore, is the date of erection and the respective locations of these primitive " temjiles of learning" within her boundaries. At various times after the settlement of the township began, there were small classes taught in the cabins of settlers, somewhat in the nature of private or select schools; but it was several years later before there were any houses erected especially for this purpose, and teachers employed to rule over them. In 1830, a cabin was erected on the farm of Edmund Moss, in which school was conducted during that winter, and for several winters subsequently. About the same time, or possibly anterior to this date, there was a cabin erected for the same purpose on the present site of Asbury Methodist Episcopal Church. In this house the early religious exercises of the Asbui'y class were also conducted. This building served the double purpose of church and schoolhouse until it was succeeded by the building- designed as a house of worship for that congregation, who were the owners of the lot upon which it stood.

About the year 1837, there was a log schoolhouse erected at Biu'lington. and, in the winter of 1839-40. school was taught in a cabin on the farm of Robert Johnson. This cabin had been erected prior to Mr. Johnson's arrival in the settlement, a year before, and was probably occupied as a dwelling house by one of those restless spirits found in every settlement, but never remaining long enough in one place to identify themselves with its history. Log buildings were erected for schoolhouses at various times subsequent to this date, and in different parts of the township. The latter had been divided into school districts by the Trustees, and a house was erected in each district. The public money belonging to the township was partially applied in payment of the school exjjenses, thus relieving the patrons of the schools from the whole burden of their support.

In 1853, the schools of this township tii'st began to be conducted according to the provisions of the public school law. which came into effect with the revised constitution of 1851-52. By this law, the fi-ee schools were inaugm-ated, and the Trustees empowered to levy a tax for their maintenance and the erection of houses in each township. From their inception to the jiresent, the free schools have been marked by a wonderful progress, until it seems the maximum of perfection has been attained. In this township there are nine school districts, in each of which there is a substantial building. O' this number, seven ai-e brick and two are frame houses. The value of school property. iiii-l\i4iiiL;' lunsrs, gi'ounds, school apparatus, etc., is $9,150, \ , n-,,! 1880-81. the total number of pupils admitted into the ^chndKcf (In. township was 415, and the average attendance. 200. The average length of the school term was 105 days, and the average compensation of teachers, $2.23 per day. The finances of the township schools are in good condition, as will ap]iear from the following report by the Trustee:

Accoijnt Of Uevenue For Tuition Special School Revenue

In the early days of this settlement, before the various religiotis denominations organized in the township, meetings were held, at irregular intervals, in the cabins of the settlers, by ministers who visited this locality by chance. Samuel Aj-thur, one of the j ducted, except completed in January. ISSl, and dedicated in April of the same year, by Revs. J. T. McMuUen and John L. Smith. The church is situated on Jackson street, in the southern part of the town, and, although unpretentious, is nevertheless quite a handsome building It is 32x52 feet, and cost S3,600. Rev. Elihu Mason is the present Pastor.

Asbiiry iVethodist Epi.tcnpal CImrcli. - In 1843, a class was organized at the schoolhouse known as " Asbury Schoolhouse," in the northwest part of the township. John Thomas and wife, Sylvester Gwinn and wife, and Jacob Arnott and wife, were among the original members, and Rev. Mershon was the first Pastor. For a period of eight years after organization, the meetings were held in the schoolhoitse, and the class continued to gi-ow in numbers. A lot was donated by John Thomas, upon which, in 1851, they completed their present house of worship - a frame bnilding. During the intervening years, services have been regularly conan interval of two years, when the roof was so early settlers, led the Baptists in their devotions - sometimes at his own house, and sometimes at the houses of other members of his flock. The Methodists, who had the largest number of members, met at school houses and private residences, and the United Brethren met at the house of Washington Rinker. For several years, all the denominations met on an equality, whenever a minister made his appearance in the settlement, glad to hear the sound of preaching in the lonely wilds of their forest home, and thinking nothing of the particular sect to which he belonged. In after years, however, the various denominations were organized in response to the wishes of their members, who desired the privilege badly out of repair as to preclude occupation. The chtirch is attached to the Btirlington Circuit, and services are conducted once every fortnight, by Rev. Elihu Mason, of the Btirlington Church.

Pleasant Vallet/ Me.thoilist Epinropal Vliurvh. - In 1850. a class was organized at the house of Hem-y Lytle, numbering among its constituent members Henry Lytle and wife, Mrs. ITuger, Mrs. Rttssell, Harrison H. Gillam and wife, James Wilson and wife, Mrs. Bates, James Quinn and wife, and others. The class was organized in the eastern part of the township, and its membership extended into Howard County, both at the time of of conducting public worship according to their own peculiar , organization and subsequently. In 1852, the congregation began forms. Of these denominations, the following is a brief history: the erection of a frame house of worship, which stood one mile

Bnrliiujtoii Methodist Episcopal CItuirh. - As early as the year 1833, Burlington became a station on the route of the traveling ministers of the Methodist Church, and preaching was conducted once every four weeks, usually on week days. In 1834 or 1835, Mrs. Andrew Watts, Mrs. Sallie Bowley and Mrs. Mahlon Shinn constituted themselves a class of the M. E. Chm-ch, and a few others united with them soon afterward. Burlington's moral reputation was not of the best, nor was the religious element in the ascendancy. The chitrch at first had a hard stritggle for existence, and little progress was made in recrtiiting the ranks of the little class organized here. The ministers in whose charge this station had been ]5laced continued to visit it for two or three years, but they found their work almost useless, except among those who were already within the pale of the church. Finally, they abandoned the post, and the class was disorganized. From that time mitil 1843, there were no meetings, excej)t at irregular uorth of the present edifice, in Carrollton Township. The work progressed rapidly, and on Christmas Day, 1852. the chm'ch was dedicated by Rev. H. B. Ball, the Pastor in charge of the circuit at that time. This building was used for public worship for a period of twenty-eight years. Early in tJbe year 1880, a suliscription fund was started, with the view of erecting a new chiu'ch, and in the fall of that year a sufficient amount had been raised to warrant them in taking the preliminary steps in building. A lot was secured on the north line of the township, upon which they began the erection of a neat brick chiu-eh. This building was completed in September, 1881, and dedicated on the second Sunday in October of that yeiu-, by Rev. Samuel Beck, assisted by Rev. Allen Lewis, a former Pastor of this congregation. The house cost 11,889. and was dedicated free from debt. The congregation, mimbering forty members, is now under the pastoral care of Rev. Elihu Mason, of Burlington. Since the organiz!ition

Methodists in and near the town was held at the house of Dr. Samuel Anderson, and the society was re-organized by Rev. Frank Taylor. In the fall of that year, they held a cjuarterly meeting, at which they received about a dozen accessions to their membership. From that time the chiu-ch grew and prospered. Dm'ing the ensuing winter, meetings were held in the schoolhouse at Btu'- lington, and in the following sutnmer the groves were the places where i)ublic worshij) was conducted. In 1850, a lot was donated to the society by John M. Longstreth, upon which they erected a frame chm'ch later in the same year, and in 1801, they erected a comfortable parsonage on a lot donated by Andrew Watts. From 1850 to 1880, the congregation contiiraed to worshij) in the frame church. In the latter year, however, they began the erection of a handsome lirick edifici" on the same lot. The new church was

Biirliiiytnii Cliristiiiii (7,/ov/,. - In 184(). the Christians, .ir Disciples, formed an organization at Bm'liugton, and for several years afterward their meetings were held at the houses of members of the society. In 1850 or 1851. a lot was procured in the village, upon which they erected a frame church edifice.' In this house their meetings were held for a quarter of a centm-y, smd their congregation contiutied to receive accessions to its numbers In 187(5, they began the erection of the ])resent brick cluiroh, which was completed at a cost of 14,0(10. This is a ueat building, plain but handsome. The chiu'ch now has a membership of more than one hundred persons, and is under the {),Tstoral care of Rev. Mr. ^.j laugh. Since the organization of the society, the pastoral office fta aas been occupied by the following reverend gentlemen: Solomon McKinney, Hopkins. Watson Clark, George Campbell,

John Campbell, Joseph W'ickiU-d, B. M. Blount, Aaron Walker, L. C. Warren, and others whose names cannot now be learned. (iennan Baptist Church. - Shortly after the arrival of Edmund Moss, in 1834, there were services at his house by ministers of this denomination. These meetings, however, were of irregular occiu'rence, and, although they were repeated fi-om time to time, there was no formal organization or banding together of the members. For at least twenty years after the date above alluded to, the religious exercises of this society were conducted at private houses and in the more commodious barns of the members. Their order bad churches at Kossville and at Flora, and to these points repaired the members then residing in Bm-lington Township upon all important occasions. In 1854 or 1855, they erected a frame house of worship on the land of Philip Kingery, in the northwest part of tlie township, in which the services of the church have ever since been regularly conducted. Isaac Eikenberry, Christian Laish. Baltzer Gordon and Stanford Seawright are the present Pastors, and the present membership of the chiu'ch is 250.

Hnriiinitiiii Lridije. So. 77. /. (). (). F.. was organized January 10. 1S50, with seven charter members, viz. : George BoUes, James M. Darnall, John M. Longstreth. Thomas W. Oliphant, William Potter, Anthony Forrest and Matthew Simpson. The meetings were first held in the upper story of the building now occupied by Lovell's earri:ige-shop, but subsequently the order piu-chased a lodge room in the second story of O. M. Barnard's building. During the winter of 1862, this building was destroyed by lii'e, when all the lodge property, records, etc., were consumed. On the IGth of May, 1863, the lodge held its first meeting aftei- the fire, in the room over the store now occupied by J. A. Fennell. From this place, the lodge room was moved to its present quarters, in the building owned jointly by the Odd Fellows and the heirs of R. B. Viney. Although small, the lodge is in good working order and prosperous condition. It has about twenty-five active members. The present officers are: W. H. Reagan. N. G. ; James Wakeland, V. G.: W. J. Thompson. Secretary; O. M. Bai-nard, Treasm-er.

Bitrlhigfoti Lodge, No. Ill, A., F. d- A. M., was organized at Burlington, and received its charter dated May 30, 1851. It was first organized on the 31st of May, 1850. working for one year under dispensation. Success seemed to attend the efforts of the lodge from its inception. Many members were added to its numbers, fi-om among whom other lodges were organized in later yeai-s. In 1873, the order erected a two-story frame building in the central part of the town, at a cost of about Sl,800. In the upper story of this building the regular meetings are held, while the lower floor is occupied by Tapp & Everman.

The lodge is in good working order and comfortable financial condition. The officers for the present year (1881) are: John | Higgins, W. M.: Frank McCarty, S. W.: Samuel Kirkpatrick. J. I W.; H. A. Lovell. Secretary; T. B. Robinson, Ti-easurer.

Burton. Temple of Honor, No. 31. was instituted July 12, 1881. at Burlington, with the following charter members, viz.: I Joseph W. Gwinn. J. A. Wright. Wade Reagan. Henry Gwinn. |

The Waba.ih ViiU-ij Mutual l!rlirf .I.v.s.kvV,//,,,, Hnr/ii,,/ ton. - This is a home insurance comjiauy. organized for the iiisiu-- ance, on easy terms, of the lives of those who become members. It was organized on the Sth of October. 18S1, and chartered on the 1 1th of the same month. Any person of sane mind, male or female, between the ages of twenty and eighty-eight years, may secure a certificate of membership by complying with the prescribed rules of the association, which appear in their printed circulars. Its operations ai-e conducted upon the basis of mutual assessments, and its leaders are men who enjoy the confidence of the community. The following gentlemen constitute the board of officers: Manelius Johnson. President; Walter O. Hopkinson, Vice President; James L. Johnson. Secretary: Reiiben Magart, Treasurer; Joseph R. Turner. Medical Director; William D. Kel ley. Assistant Secretary: Paxton M. Viney and George Newkirk, General Agents.

The mill erected by Philip Rinker in lN:-!0 or ls;il was the first industrial establishment in the township. It was of a very primitive order of construction, which is true of nearly all the mills of that period. It was built of un. dressed logs, and two bowlders, or " nigger-heads." from the creek, served the pm-pose of buhi-s, while an old-fashioned water- wheel turned the rude machinery. Rinker operated the mill until 1837, when he sold it to John Cromwell. The latter erected a good fi-ame building on this site, and continued as proprietor of the property for twenty-five years or more. In connection with this flom-ing-mill, he operated a saw-mill, but both are now abandoned and gone to decay. The old mill site was northwest of the town plat of Bm-lington.

The next enterprise of an industrial nature was the brick-kiln constructed by James Harmon about the year 1848. He burned two or three kilns, the products of which were sold for building chimneys throughout the settlement.

In 1856 or 1857,MahlonRhinn erected a saw-mill at his farm, and operated it successfully for several years. From him the ownership of the property passed to various parties, among whom were Grimes & Viney. By these gentlemen the building wiis remodeled and converted into a flouring-mill. About the year 1872, the mill was destroyed by fire, and shortly afterward the site was pui-chased by Robertson & Stone, who, in 1874, erected the present building, which is two stories high abov(f the basement. It has one tm-bine wheel of the Leffel patent, and two runs of buhi-s. It is a good mill, and has a large ti-ade.

A saw and planing mill was erected in 1873. by Joseph W. Gwinn and Leroy Barnard, in the south part of the town of Bmlington. Mr. Gwinn has remained in the firm ever since the in- auguration of the enterprise, while the interest represented at first by Mr. Barnard has been transferred successively to A. M. Everman, Seth Eadcliffe, and finally to O. M. Barnard, who is now the partner of Mr. Gwimi in the firm. The mill is supplied with a full quota of the machinei-y necessary for an establishment of its kind, consisting of a surfacer, matcher, scroll-saw, re-saw, shingle machine, jointer, planer, etc. They saw an average of 7,0(W feet of timber per day, and employ six men in the mill.

In 1IS71, H. A. Lovell began the manufacture of buggies at Burlington, in connection with his custom blacksmith work. His shop is in a two-story frame building in the centi-al part of town. The wood-work is done in the lower story, and the trimming and finishing above. During the spring and summer of 1S81, he completed and turned out ten top buggies, two fine carriages, one phaeton and five spring wagons, against one spring wagon and one top buggy in 1872. The enterprise is growing in magnitude, and the work is in the hands of an energetic man. The beauty and quality of his goods suffer none by comparison with the products of the best work-shops of the State. He employs five men, who are kept constantly busy.

From the peculiar adaptability of the soil, agi'icultm-al pursuits form the principal industry of the township, and the report published by the State Bureau of Statistics for the year 1880 proves how generously the labors of the faithful agriculturist are rewarded. In that year, 3,558 acres sown in wheat yielded 56.- 928 bushels: 3.166 acres in corn yielded 52,010 bushels; 359 acres in oats yielded 3,590 bushels; fi'om 676 acres of meadow, 1.352 tons of hay were gathered: 80 acres planted in Irish potatoes yielded 2,880 bushels, while 22 bushels of sweet potatoes were gathered from 1 acre.

The Village Of Burlington

In 1828, David Stipp, an employe in the Grovernment Land Office, at Crawfordsville. Ind., laid out the town of Burlington on a quarter-section of land, of which he took possession, it is said, without the usual formality of paying for it. His act was found out several years later, and proceedings were instituted by which he was compelled to pay up. It was believed that certain territory would be taken from the counties of Carroll. Cass. Clinton and Howard (the two last-named being then unorganized), and a new county erected, of which Burlington would be the center and seat of justice. Although the effort to accomplish this end was kept up until 1839 or 1840, it never succeeded, and was finally abandoned as useless. Yet. while the original purpose failed, the town gi'ew and pnjspered, and developed into one of the best business points in Carroll County, drawing a large amount of trade from the points which would have been within its jurisdiction had the original plan succeeded.

In 1830, David Stipp came here to live. He Wiis a man of cold, foi'ljidding natui'e, and stingy withal, and had few friends. It is said by Dr. Anderson that the only public donation the citizens were ever able to coax from him was a lot one rod square for a schoolhouse. He owned a quarter-section of land, but it was all in timber. His resources were limited, and, had it been otherwise with him, he might have shown a more generous nature, and gained more friends. He died here in the syn'ing of 1S48, and was buried in the cemetery donated l)y David Foster, just iiovtli west of the town plat.

About the year 1833, John Kelley settled east of the tomi plat. He was an indolent kind of a man, and, although he often " worked out," clearing land for other parlies, his chief mission seems to have been the consumption of whisky, of which, it is said, he was very fond. Robert Erwin came about the same time, and he and Kelley cleared the first ground in the town plat. Andrew Watts and William Henry were early settlers and substantial citizens of the town. They purchased a house erected by Stipp, in which they kept a tavern. David Foster settled in the town in 1836, and engaged in trade with the Indians. He can scarcely be called a merchant, since he kept no goods that the white people wanted - exce]it whisky. His house is still standing at the north part of town and on the east side of the Michigan road

Henry Bolles came in 1837, and opened the first stock of general merchandise in the town. About the year 184-6, E. P. Stone became a partner with Bolles, and continued the business after Mr. Bolles' death, which occurred in the spring of 1S49. Mr. Stone still resides at Burlington, though not now engaged in mercantile life.

In the fall of 1838, Dr. Samuel Anderson settled at Burlington, and engaged in the practice of the medical profession. He was the first resident physician in the place, and is now the oldest practitioner.

Dr. J. M. Darnall came in the fall of 1842, and formed a partnership with Dr. Anderson, which continued until the removal of the former to Kokomo. Other settlers continued to come to the town every year, and its prospects for prosperity continued to improve. At the present time, it is a neat, pretty village, large enough to be a town, altUough the citizens have not yet made it

1 J. Stone and Tapp & Everman. respectively: one drug store, liy J. A. Fennell; one meat market, by William Taylor. Dr. Samuel Anderson, Dr. Charles Chittick, Dr. B. F. Landes and Dr. Doaue

: are the practicing physicians; William Beck and George Ewick are the village carpenters; George Hickman, barber and jeweler: Fullwider & Viney, saddlers and harness-makers; John K. Gai-

Mr. Britton was born in Highland County, Ohio, on the 25th of September. 1838. His parents were Virginians - Jonah Britton. a native of Augusta County, and Martha J. Locke, of Hamp shire County. Grandfather Britton came from England, wheri' he had preached in the church of the dissenters. The mother of Thomas Britton is a lineal descendant of the English philoso pher, John Locke, of the seventeenth century. Jonah Britton was & soldier in the war of lcS12, for which service his widow, who is yet living, receives a pension from the I'nited States (iov eminent.

Thomas Britton, when a young man. attended district schools abiiut eighteen months: Antioch College, Ohio, about four months in the winter of 1858-59, at which institution, in the capacity of pupil and teacher, he became intimately accpiaiuted and held freipient personal conversations with that noble Christian scholar and eilucator, Horace Mann, then Dean of that college; and the

Manelius Johnson

Robert Johnson, St., father of Manelius Johnson, was born in Monroe County, W. Va. In September, 1881, he passed his eighty-fifth year. In 1840, he settled on the farm in CarroU County, where he Uves to-day. Elizabeth (Christie) Johnson, wife of Robert Johnson, Sr., is also a native of Virginia. Both Mr. and Mrs. Johnson are of Enghsh descent. The homestead of this venerable couple adjoins the farm of the subject of this biographical sketch.

Obtaining a district school education, in 1861, he left the parental roof, and began farming and dealing in stock on his own responsibihty, on a tract of land of 134 acres, the gift of his father. Since that date, by the exercise of good judgment and a wise economy, he has added to his original grant 475 acres. This immense body of land, of 609 acres, located within half a mile of his birthplace, on the south side of Wildcat Creek, about two and a half miles west of the town of Burlington, and unsurpassed in the county in fertility of soil, is, doubtless, the largest contiguous quantity of land owned by any one farmer within the limits of Carroll County. In 1879, Mr. Johnson added to the already numerous and commodious wooden improvements of his farm, a frame residence, which, for architectural beauty, commands the attention and remark of all who pass that way.

Possessing a good eye, fine taste, and natural love for domestic animals, early in life induced him to engage in the stock business. In one season, as an indication of the extensiveness of his labors in that direction, he handled over $45,000 worth of hogs and cattle. Working in this particular pursuit, he has gained an enviable reputation as an honest, conscientious and reliable dealer.

Mr. Johnson is a man of strong and abiding convictions, advocating boldly and fearlessly whatever he thinks to be right and true. In pohtics, he has been connected with the Independent Greenback movement for several years. Yet, comparatively speaking, a young man, and in the vigor and prime of his morning's manhood, his substantial success in life is a surprise to all, and should be a matter of great pride to himself and his numerous friends.