Carroll County, Indiana - Biographical sketches (2 of 2 so headed), 1882 (part 7 of 7)

The business and social position occupied by Mr. West in his neighborhood is irreproachable. His life has been one of honest toil, integrity and justice to his fellowmen. Society is better for his example, the country richer for his early industry and his children n4ore respected because of his paternal regard for them and their interests.

First Township Established - Its Original Boundaries AND Subsequent Modifications - Present Limits - Early Settlers and theik Pursuits - Industries - A Provident Population - Schools and Schoolhouses- Churches and Religious Societies - Pittsburg - Its Manufacturing Facilities - Water Privileges - Review of its Former Business Interests, etc.

TIPPECANOE TOWNSHIP was so named because of the position it occupies with reference to the Tippecanoe River which, in its serpentine route, traverses its western border. The territory embraced in its limits lies chiefly in Congressional Township 25 north. Range 3 west, a portion in the northeast corner lying in Range 2 west - extending fi'om the White County line on the west to the Wabash River, which forms its boundaiy on the east and southeast; is bounded on the south by Tippecanoe Coiuity and on the north by Jefferson Township of Can-oil County.

The first purchase of land in Carroll County was of the west half of the southwest quarter of Section 18, in Congressional Township No. 25 north. Range 2 west, by Ephraim Chamberlain, on the 17th day of February, 1824 - a fractional tract containing sixty-two acres and sixty-eight himdredths (62.68). Whether Mr. Chamberlain ever became an actual settler on the tract purchased by him, we have not now the means of determining. The second purchase of land made in this township was also the second one made in the county, was by Edward Lary. of the east half of the southwest quarter of Section 18, Township 25 north. Range 2 west, containing seventy-seven acres - on the 25th of August, 1824. There is some question, also, whether Mr. Lary was ever an actual settler here; but the circumstances of those two earliest piu-chasers being made in the same quarter-section, and not fai- from the same date, would carry with it a very strong presumption that they had been formerly neighbors or friends, or both, and made those pm'chases with the view to become actual settlers as they probably were.

William McCall was the third person entering the fractional northwest quarter (north of the Wabash River), of Section 19 in the same township and range, containing thirty-eight acres and forty-five hundi-edths (38.45) - on the 30th day of October, 1825. He subsequently became an acWal settler in the township, permanently locating and spending the remainder of his life here. Of the exact date of his settlement, however, does not now appear ; without doubt, among the first.

The next purchases were made almost simultaneously on the 6th day of October, 1830. On that day, John Burkholder entered the whole of Section 12 in a body, and soon after became a settler here. He lived and died in this township, and his children and grandchildren still own and occupy all or the major part of that ti'act, situated on Pleasant Run.

On the same day, Thomas Smith entered the northeast quarter, the west half of the southeast quarter and all of the southwest quarter of Section 13, in the same township and range, containing m the aggregate 400 acres. Mr. Smith, with his sons, came here from Bloomington, Ind., not long after that date, and made a permanent settlement, improving a considerable portion of the ti-act just described. He subsecjuently went to Iowa, but losing his wife and a daughter there, he returned to this township and died many years since. His ashes repose in the Pleasant Run Graveyard.

George Hornback at the same time entered the west half of the southeast quarter of Section 22, in the same township and range, containing eighty acres. Mr. Hornback was from Virginia, and settled on this tract some time in the eai-ly part of the year 1831, and made a permanent improvement, continuing to reside there for many years. The land was afterward owned by William Collins.

.\bram Hornback, on the same day, entered the west half of the southwest quarter of Section 27 in this township. He also was from Virginia, and settled here in 1831, making a permanent improvement on the tract afterward known as the " Benham farm." He remained here for a number of yeai's, and then moved farther west and has since resided there.

The next purchaser was Nathauiel Hamilton. On the same day, he entered the northwest quai'ter of Section 24, in the same Congressional township. Previously, however, he had come from the 'State of Pennsylvania, and made a settlement here, improving the tract just described. It has been said that he was a "squatter" settler. This is probably correct, because he appeai-s to have settled here as early as 1827 or 1828, uj)on this same land, and must of necessity have been a "' squatter," since he did not regularly enter the land until the time stated above. The farm has since been owned by John Pollard and others. Many years ago, he moved hence to the State of Arkansas, and is supposed now to be dead.

Another of those who entered land on the Cth day of October, 1830, was George King. He got certificates of jnirchase for the fractional west part of the southeast quarter of Section 24, containing 1(36 acres, and the whole of the southwest quarter of Section 24, in the same Congressional township, containing 160 acres. This land, in addition to that purchased by Nathaniel Hamilton and a tract owned by Samuel Wells, occupied the major part of the section upon which Pittsburg is laid out. Whether Mr. King actually settled here, and if he did so settle, how long he remained and what became of him, are questions at this distant day quite difficult of solution.

Samuel Wells was another of the purchasers of land in this township at the time which seems to have been a general [jiu-- chasing day among oiu- pioneers. The tract secured by him was the fractional east half of the southeast quarter of Section 24. Township 25 north, Range 3 west, a portion of which is occupied

At the same time, Daniel Vandeventer purchased the fractional west part of the northeast quarter, and the east half of the northwest quarter of Section 25, Township 25 north, Bange 3 west, the tu'st tract containing 101.69 acres and the second 72.59 acres; in the two tracts, 174.28 acres. Although Dr. Vandeventer came from New York and settled in Deer Creek Township, in what is now Delphi, in August, 1827, he did not become a citizen of Tippecanoe Township for some years afterwai-d, probably about the year 1835, not withstanding some improvements had been made in the meantime on the several tracts pui'ohased by him in this township. Having become a resident here, however, he continued such until the time of his death, which occurred a few years since. He was a man of sterling qualities, and his loss was seriously felt in this community. He was the fu'st Clerk and Recorder of the county. and served the public, in discharging the duties of the triist reposed in him, faithfully and well.

On the 2d day of June, 1834, Robert Gribson purchased the west half of the northwest quarter of Section 13, in this township, and, except the others before named, was among the earlier landowners in Tippecanoe Township. Very soon after his entry of this tract of land, he settled upon it and made a permanent improvement, thenceforward continuing to be a resident citizen in this community.

But these early purchasers of land were not necessarily the earliest or even early settlers here, since there were many who came here and settled without being land-owners; yet, much the larger proportion of actual settlers were the owners of the lands upon which they settled or otherwise held an equitable interest therein.

Other Eablv Settlers

A portion of the lands on the north side of the river was obtained from the Indians by the treaty of 1826, and hence did not come so early into market. Under that treaty, Abraham Burnett was granted a reservation that was located on Deer Creek Prairie. On that reservation, temporary settlements were made soon after the surveyor had defined the boundaries, during the summer and fall of 1827 and 1828. Among those who so settled, John Lindsay is named. He was a blacksmith, and is said to have settled there some time in the year 1827, probably, first. Having remained there for something like a year, he received the appointment of blacksmith for the Indians at the Pottawatomie Mills, near Rochester, Ind., and moved there soon afterward. It is not now understood hero what became of him.

About the same time. Friend Johnson, a brother-in-law of Mr. Lindsay, and a gunsmith by trade, settled in the same place and continued to reside there for several years afterward. He has left here, however, and his place of residence is not now known.

Another resident on the prairie was Nathan Rose, who lived on some part of the reservation for a shoi't time, and then left for parts unknown. He was a shoemaker, and his presence in the neighborhood was a matter of great convenience.

In the fall of 1S27, Graham Roberts settled on a portion of the Bua-nett Reservation, and lived there until after the public landscame into market. The tract improved by him is said to have been a part of that afterward owned by John Anderson, Sr. Mr. Roberts was a man of considerable notoriety, and, in 1828, was elected one of the County Commissioners for Carroll County. He filled other public trusts with fidelity.

Not far from the same period, David Hamilton, a farmer, then ' recently from Pennsylvania, settled in this township and improved I a tract of land not far fi'om Pittsburg to the southwest, the exact j site of which is not known at this time. He left here several years ago, and has not retiu'ned.

Thomas Hamilton, also a farmer, from Pennsylvania, came here and settled temporarily, but, losing his wife and some other members of his family, whose remains were buried on the bank of the Wabash River somewhere between where Pittsbiu-g now stands and the head of Deer Creek Prairie - he became discouraged and left here a gi-eat many years ago. His residence, if yet alive, is unknown.

In 1828, Samuel Scott was put in charge of an interest held by Mr. Forsythe, of Fort Wayne, in the Bm-nett Reservation on Deer Creek, and resided for some time on the upper division of the prairie, not far from the old ferry across the Wabash. Afterward, when the management of the premises was taken by another, he went elsewhere.

Another interest in that reservation was purchased by Richard Chabert, of French extraction, who came from Vincennes, Ind., about the year 1827. The improvement made by him upon it was on that part of it now owned by the Greenup brothers. He remained there only a few years, sold out and moved to Logansport, where he died in 1834.

Alexander Smith, a blacksmith from Ohio, came here in 1S27 or 1828, and settled temporarily 'on a part of Deer Creek Prairie, also, but did not remain here long. After making a small improvement, he left the premises, and moved to Cass County, where he continued to reside until the time of his death, which ocem-red a fewyears since. During his residence in this county, his daughter married John Wesley Johnson, who also moved to Cass County, where he remained some twenty years or more and then died.

In the latter part of the year 1828, John E. Metcalf, a farmer, came here and improved the farm since owned by James Lister. After remaining here a few years, he moved to White County, where he has since resided.

Near the same period, Matthew Borland, a farmer, from Bloomington, Ind. , settled here and improved the farm owned by the late Robert Ginn, since owned by Dr. Angell, of Pittsbm-g.

About the year 1830, John Smith, a son of Thomas Smith, before mentioned, a farmer and trader by profession and occupation, came here and settled and improved the farm on Pleasant Run since owned by Abner H. Bowen, of Delphi. In 1833 or 1834, he erected a wool-carding machine on the creek, on his premises, the first establishment of the kind in the townshij3. if not in the county. After operating this machinery for a few yeai's, he moved to Pittsburg, where, after enlarging his facilities for that class of work, he continued business for many years sue ceeding. He was also the first Postmaster in tlie township, iind held the position for several years. In 1852. he removed to Oregon, and is, probably, at this time a resident of that State.

- James L. Johnson moved into this township aboiit the same time, and Iniilt a cabin on a piece of Congress land; but, when the land came into market, he failed to secure his claim because another person offered a higher price. Subsequently, he entered upon and improved the farm afterward owned by George Spears. Ho died a great many years ago and was buried in the Pleasant Run Graveyard. Members of his family still reside in the county.

Greenup Brothers

and settled in bhe vicinity of Hagerstown, Md., within the then territorial limits of the oolwny of Virginia. To this ancestor, while a resident of the colony, were born three sons, one of whom, Samuel, was the grandfather of the subjects of \\\u review, and of the two remaining brothers, one was the Hon. Christopher Greenup, whose subsequent political prominence in Kentucky, deserves at our hand something more than a passing notice.

Born in 1750, in the vicinity of his father's first colonial home, when the American Revolution occurred he was in the prime of youth, and, like all true sons of the Old Dominion, engaged in the conflict, devoting his early years to the cause of Liberty and Independancc. Later in life, in the bloody war which occurred between the pioneers of the West and the Indian tribes, he also bore a part, and brought into active service against that formidable foe, the skill he had acquired in the Revolution. After thus gaining for himself considerable distinction in arms, he settled in 1782, in what is now- Fayette County, Ky., near Lexington, and was among the first owners of lots there in 1783. On the 4th of Majch, 178.3, he was sworn as an attorney at law in th^ old court for the District of Kentucky, esteblished by the Virginia Legislature, and on the 18th of March, 1785, he was appointed Clerk of that Courti holding the position during Its existence. In 1792, he was elected to Congress, where he remained until 1797. At the close of his Congressional life, he served for five years in the capacity of Clerk of the Kentucky Senate, and in the month of August, 1804, he was chosen Governor of Kentucky - a position held until 1809. Subsequently he was a member of the Legislature from Franklin County for a number of years ; Justice of the Peace in the .'same county, and a Director of the Old Kentucky Bank. In honor of him, a county and county seat in Northeastern Kentucky are named; He died April 27, 1818, in his sixty-ninth year. In the discharge of his official duties, he acted with a scrupulous regard for the public good. Prompt, assiduous and faithful in the labors of his own position, he required the same of all who were subordinate to him. No man more tlian he over possessed the confidence of the people of Kenturky.

1832, John Greenup with eleven children (his wife having died on the 'itii il September, 1822), emigrated to Carroll County, Ind., pa-ssing the first winlc i in the little brick house opposite the southwest corner of the public squiiL', now the property of Vine Holt. The following winter they purchased lb.' farm, which after clearing ninety acres of timber, they subsequently, in 184i; sold to the county to be used as an asylum for the poor. The same yeartheir father, John Greenup, having died on the 2d of August, 1835 - the snii< purchased and removed to the farm in Tippecanoe Township upon which Jolm W. and Samuel G. now reside. It contained at that time but one small frame building. As the years went by, it became the exclusive property of the thru, whose names begin this sketch, and under their skillful management, improve ment after improvement has beeo added until it ranks among the most vahi:.- ble, if not, indeed, heading the list of valuable farm properties within the borders of Carroll County. In 1847, they began the building of a dyke whi. Ii prevents the waters of the Wabash River from inundating Deer Creek Prairii;. It is to-day three miles long, and incloses 2,200 acres of tillable land. They havi' been the chief support of this work. Excepting Samuel G., who learned tiic trade of a carpenter under the late Joseph Evans, working with him seven yeai-s, and subsequently taking part in the construction of a number of the pioucr enterprises of the county, such as the Wabash dam in 1837-38, the first couit house, first canal bridge, laying lock-floors in the canal, building the first fl.ii boats running from this point to New Orleans, building warehouses, barns, iio The rnain occupation of the brothers has been farming - -Samuel himself n Unquishing his trade after a score of years to devote his time entirely to a;zi i cultural pursuits. In 1859, they built a handsome and substantial bruk residence; and in 1861, a commodious bank-barn was made to supply lln place of the rude log stables. The farm and its surroundings indicate to J i - stranger, systematic order, and bespeak in the completeness of surrounding detail, a feeling of lasting home comfort such as should cause perpetual summer in the pathway of the declining years of the two remaining brothers - for Christopher E. passed from among the living on the 29th day of October, 1875.

Samuel G. was elected a member of the Board of County Commissioners as a candidate of the Democratic party in the fall of 1871), serving one term, and exhibiting in that time a degree of firmness and cool, good judgment, such as made his refusal of a re-election a source of regret alike to both parties. Christopher E. at one time served for several terms as Trustee of Tippecanoe Township. Though mefnbers of the Democratic party, they have never entered actively into political labors, and never sought the distinction of political offices, coupled as they always are with political drudgery.

. Samuel G. since 1842, has been a member of the Masonic fraternity, and, next to Abner H, Bowen, is the oldest living member of the Delphi Lodge None of the three brothers ever married. They have living at the present time, one brother, Hoover Greenup, and one sister, Mrs. Benham, of Indianapolis.

Men of quiet, equable dispositions, careful judgments and temperate habits, they have acquired an ample competence by business integrity and personal industry. Deserving all they have, and meriting the respect and esteem of their fellow-citizen? for the quality of the kindly influence which they shed abroad, tjioy are quietly moving down the wintry side of life in the serene enjoyment of peac6 and plenty.

came here and settled in 1831, and improved the farm since | owned by Ii-a Cress. He was a very excellent citizen, and spent the remainder of a very long and useful life in Tippecanoe Township. Two or three years since, he died at an advanced age, 1 j honored and respected by all who loiew him. He was an honest man and a devout Christian. j

Some time diu'ing the year 1831, John Berry, a fai-mer from Pennsylvania, settled upon and improved a farm on the bank of the Tippecanoe River in this township. He has been dead many years.

A fai-mer named William Hopkinsun. from Ohio, came here and improved a farm since owned by Thomas B. Galloway. After remaining in the township for a number of yeal-s, he removed hence. He is probably dead. [

Diu'ing the same year, or about that date, Obediah Corder, a farmer from Virginia, moved to this township and settled here, improving the farm not long since owned by the heirs of Henry C. Bolles, deceased. He died several years ago on the farm upon j which he had resided, and his remains were interred on the east bank of the Tippecanoe River, about one mile south of his old homestead.

James and John M. Evans, from Bloomington, Ind.. farmers, came here and settled in the latter part of the year 1831. The former settled on and improved the farm since owned by James McNail; the latter, on the farm recently owned by Robert Anderson's heirs. They were both very substantial men.^ood farmei-8 and exemplary citizens. Both have been dead several years, and their ashes now rest in the Pleasant Run Biu-ying-ground,

The farm recently owned by J. G. Maloom in this township, was settled upon and improved by Thomas Green, who came here some time in 1831, He left here long since, and went to Missoiu-i. About the same time, an improvement was made on the Christian Burkholder farm, by Benjamin Greathouse, who had previously come here from Ohio. He died several years ago.

Within a year or two afterwai'd, several families came here from the State of Tennessee and settled, becoming permanent citizens. They were William McCall, who purchased land here quite early, John McClm-g, David Scroggs, James Dolzell. Samuel Dickson, John Hamill, James McCully, Solomon McCully, William Montgomery, John Tedford and his sons, Henry P. Tedford, Aubm-n Campbell and Sarah Crews; .John Chambers, from Ohio; Joshua Lindsey, from this State, and Jacob Meeker, from Miuwland. Nearly all of them were farmers and pui'sued their avocations as such for many years. Few of those hardy pioneers, who came and battled with adversity until, by dint of perseverance, they surmounted all the difficulties of the situation and wrought out the great problem of success, now survive: but the memory of such as have departed will not fade while the evidence of their having been here m the role of pioneer men and women, and left such mementoes of the past, are found everywhere in our midst, as may be observed in the subdued wilderne.ss, by their hands made to blossom as the rose.

rst religious society formed here was composed of persons who, having been nurtui'ed and instructed in the tenets of the Associate Presbyterian Chm-ch - better known, perhaps, by the name of Seceders - formed a settlement in the vicinity of I'leasant Run about the year 1831, and soon after organized a society for worship according to the peculiai- faith of its adherents. At first, the membership was not lai'ge, nor was it indeed at any time extensively numerous; but, being very earnest, zealous workers, by their example, the influence shed abroad had a general moralizing eftect on the adjacent community, the impress of which has not been obliterated. The major part of the settlement ultimately became communicants or attendants upon the religious services conducted under its auspices. Through the instrumentality of this |)eople, aided l)y non-eommunicants favorable to the movement, erected a comfortable house of worship in the midst of their settlement, about the year 1833. The building was hewn logs neatly though plainly finished, answering most satisfactorily the end contemplated in its projection. It served its purpose for many years, and, being the only edifice in the vicinity dedicated to religious worship, the services were usually well attended. About the year l8ol, this building was torn down and replaced by a neat frame structure, Sfix-'jO feet in dimensions, more elaborately finished and better adapted to the wants of a lai'ger congregation. Notwithstanding these improvements, however, the worshipers are no more devout, Init less zealous, perhaps, in their religious observances within the walls of the church house, than in the humble, unpretentious building of hewn logs which it has superseded. Of the status of the church at this date, in point of membership and in the enlargement of its sphere of usefulness, we are not informed. It has, however, in its day. done a good work, and deserves to be remembered as the pioneer church in Tiijpecanoe Township. As such, its record will not be obliterated.

Next to the church of the Associate Presbyterians in this township was that of the Regular Baptists. The society was organized about 1841 or 1842, and a building occupied as a meeting-house was built soon after. Whether the church organization as originally formed is still in existence is a fact not now readily determined. The church building was in the town of Pittsburg, but its identity, like the society, cannot now be fixed. The probabilities are that the original organization was, many years since, merged into another, the successor of the old " Regular Baptists," and the members, no doubt, if they have public worship at all, meet at Delphi with the congregation there.

About the year 1845, a Methodist Episcopal Society, or church, was organized and continued to worship in the schoolhouse at Pittsbui'g until 1849 or 18.50, when a lot being procured, a very neat little frame chui'ch edifice was erected on the hillside, immediately west of Washington street, where the congregation has since continued to worshij). It occupies a commanding position and gives an excellent prospective view of the lower grounds to the east along the margin of the Wabash River and Deer Creek. The membership has not been ascertained.

The fii'st schoolhouse erected in Tippecanoe Townshi]3 was that aftei-ward known as the "Pleasant Run Schoolhouse," built, probably, about the year 1830. of hewed logs, very convenient and comfortable, pleasantly situated near the margin of the creek from which the building took its name. It continued in use until the 3d of January, 18.51, when it was consumed by fire. A neat frame structui-e was erected in its place, during the fall of the same yeai', and was occupied for the use of the jiublic schools for several years afterward. In the course of time, it became insufficient in capacity and plan to meet the wants of the disti'ict; it was removed and another fi-ame schoolhouse, better adapted to the purposes for which it was constructed, was built on the site of the former one, and is now known as No. 4.

Not far from the same date, when the Pleasant Kim Schoolhouse was built, another one, known as the Benham Schoolhouse, was erected in the Benham settlement, to the westward from Pittsburg. The original building in time came into disuse, was removed and a more suitable stmcture put in its place. The house is known as No. 3, under the present district arrangement.

As early as 1846, a small frame building was erected in the southern part of the town plat of Pittsburg, for school pui-poses, and, in its day. was considered as considerably above the average in the plan of its construction and style of workmanship. It subserved the purpose for which it was erected for many years, and, indeed, was the only building in the place adapted to the wants of promiscuous assemblages, for religious and other meetings. Within the past few years, a convenient two-story building was constructed, and has since been used for public school purposes, accommodating comfortably all the pupils in attendance. It supplies District No. 1.

There are two other districts in the township. No. 2 and No. 5, both supplied with comfortable and convenient school buildings of sufficient capacity to supply the public want, and all are occupied regularly dm-ing the school season.

The first grist-mill propelled by water-power was built about the yeai- 1835 on a small branch in the northern jiait of the township, by a man named Danbury, the chief piu-pose of which was to grind com to be used in his distillery for the manufacture of whiskj', an article of very common use in those jirimitive days. The projirietor has long since discontinued both the milling and the distillery business. The mill stones used by him in that pioneer mill are now in use in the grist mill in Pittsburg. They were only thirty-six inches in diameter, but are still capable of doing substantial country work.

About the same time, Samuel Williams built a small mill on the creek that puts into the Wabash at Pittsbiu-g, The stones used for grinding piu-poses in this mill were neither French nor English buhrs. but simply a respectable quality of the bowldergranite specie-s, such as are frequently found in the immediate neighborhood. They served the pui-pose of the projector in that particular enterprise, and were used in his mill with, perhaps, the same good results that might have been obtained from the imported article. The mill continued in operation for only a few years, when it was abandoned and the stones appropriated for other uses. Afterward, when Demas K. Ward erected his oilmill, these stones were utilized in grinding the seeds out of which oil was compressed. When the oil-mill was discontinued and the stones no longer needed there, they were cast away among the rubbish and are probably still lying in the vicinity between the upper saw-mill site and the old dam.

The agricultural products of Tippecanoe Township are equal in quantity and quality, compared with the acreage iiiidor cultivation, with most other townships of the county, and in the variety also, as a reference to the statistics of the township will reasonably show. By the report of the State Statistician for the year 18H(). it appears that there wore cultivattxl that year 3.430 acres of wheat, yielding an average of 18 bushels |)er acre, making an aggregate of ()1,848 bushels: of corn. 3.23(1 acres, yielding 20 bushels per acre, in the aggregate. 04,fllHI bushols: of oats, 50.") acres, with an average yii'ld of 20 bushels ])cr acre, in the aggregate. 11.300 bushels: of hay. 440 acres, yielding an average of two tons per acre, in the aggregate 880 tons: Ii-ish potatoes. 230 acres, yielding 60 bushels per acre, an aggregate of 13.800 bushels. Considering the average price at which these several products would bring, or did briag, in market, an approximate idea could readily be obtained of the immense value of this soiu-ce of wealth in Tippecanoe Township.

The population of the township, as shown by the last and preceding census, is as follows: In 1880. the population was 1,- 174, and, in 1870, 1,100 -an increase of 65 in ten years,

Pittsburg was projected and laid out by Merkls, Kendell & Co, in 1836. in anticipation of the building of the dam across the Wabash as a means of creating slack water for navigation and for water-power, which, about that time, had been fully determined upon by the constructors of the canal. Until the completion of the canal, the town made but little improvement; but, as soon as the dam had been constructed and the extensive water privileges created thereby had been fully developed, it received an impulse that stimulated improvements of the town site and thie erection of mills and other machinery deriving their motive power from the surplus water of the pool above the dam. At an early date in the history of utilized water privileges in Pittsburg, two saw-mills, an extensive floiu'ing-mill. oil-mill and wool-carding established-^ little way below the dam. Which of those manufactiu-ing establishments was erected first is not now readily ascertained. As long as the canal continued in operation, business was at full ebb. and at times the prospect seemed to indicate that it might ultimately rival Delphi in a business view: and. truly, the probabilities were strongly in favor of such an assumption. The tide changed, however, soon after the raih-oad began to be operated tlu'ough Delphi, and the business prospects were less bright and inviting, the som-ce of energy having departed. Still, for a considerable time after the road had been in operation, a latent lire continued to bm-n and there was a manifest indisposition to surrender the vantage-ground. The final blow seemed to have been struck when the canal was abandoned and the dam suffered partial destruction. Although the outlook was gloomy and the prospect lowering, hope was not wholly crushed out. At this opportune moment, the construction of the Indianapolis, Delphi & Chicago Railroad through the town, induced the re newal of hope that the future might yet be prosperous. The result of the building and operation of this road is already manifest in the revival of business.

From 1847 or 1848 until 1856. an amount of business was done in Pittsbui-g sm-passing even that done in Delphi, within the same period, A. review of the situation as presented in 1851 and 1852 would show unmistakably the correctness of the foregoing statement. Then, the entire water-power supplied from the river was used in the propulsion of machinery ihat was run to its utmost capacity. In addition to the use of water for mechanical piu-po.-!es. a suflicient ([uantity was allowed to remain in the race to allow the passage of canal-boats brought down from the canal over the slack-water, to and from the warehouses stored with grain, together with the products of the several manufacturing establishments - to receive and discharge their lading. The amount of b'ansportabion through this channel was sur- ])risingly large, compared with what has been done since the first-named railroad was built. The grain trade especially caused the influx of large sums of money in payment for the products of the extensive farms lying to the north, west and south, but of easy access to this center of that class of commercial transactions. The flom-ing-mills. saw-mills and other like industries were of a capacity equal, if not superior, to any elsewhere in the coimty. An extensive foundry and machine-shop, under the skillful management of Josiah Russell, supplied work of superior quality and in large quantities, compai-ed with which no better could be produced by other shops of like dimensions and capacity. To compensate in a measure for the extensive outlay of capital for the ])m'chase of grain and other ai'tieles of commerce, lai-ge stocks of goods were kept by mercantile houses couti'olled by Bolles & Colton, Spears & Brc, Timothy Donovan and others, to supply the demands for such articles as were needed by the farmers, mechanics and ai'tisans, in exchange for the products of their fai-ms and shops. These relations were therefore compensatory.

The above is a picture of the past; the present ]5rospect is less propitious, yet, brighter anticipations may be realized in the no distant future.

In another place, the churches and church edifices have been noticed with all the particularity attainable from the data at hand, but less completely than could have been desired under more advantageous circumstances.

Of the schools much more may be said. The buildings now appropriated to and used for school piu-poses in Pittsburg, in their internal arrangement especially, exhibit a respectable measure of skill in design aud construction. The most attractive featm-e of the school economy of the place is the conduct of the schools themselves, the division into departments, the assignment of classes and the determination of grades. The happy disposition of these difficult problems of necessity requires experience and skill, qualities which the results of each school teirm continue to make more manifest. The plan upon which these schools are conducted does not materially vary fi-om that by which the school work in Delphi is executed and with not dissimilar results. Viewed from the standpoint of practicability, it maj- be questioned whether these schools are not entitled to share at least equally in the merit awarded those at Delphi.

Richard Marlen Sibbitt

Mr. Sibbitt was of Scotch lineage, and was born in the State of New Jersey on the 14th day of February, 1703, being, therefore, at the time of his death, which occurred fi-om paralysis, on the 25th of November, 1877, at the rijie old age of eighty-four years. He was one of a family of six sons and one daughter of Aaron Sibbitt and Elizabeth (Marlen) Sibbitt. Aaron Sibbitt, by occupation, was a farmer, and is entitled to the distinotion of having been a soldier of the Revolutionai-y war. Richai-d Sil)l>itt came to Carroll County in 1S3(), and, excepting two years, lived from 1837 to the end of his life on the fai'm in Tij^peeanoe 'I'own ship, where he died, following, diu-ing all these years, the business of a fai'mer. His labors, however, were not restricted to the county of CaiToll, for, in addition, he managed farms in Tippecanoe County and in the State of Illinois, owning and controlling, at the date of his decease, more than sixteen hundi-ed acres of land. This body of land Mr. Sibbitt successfully operated by brain work alone, rai'ely, if ever, putting his hand to the plow.

In politics, he was an ai'dent Republican; in religion, a Universalist. He was a soldier of the war of 1812. As a citizen of CaiToll County, he took an active interest and pai'ticipation in all public enterprises. In his own private aft'airs, he was a shi'ewd, careful and judicious manager. As a husband and father, he was kind, generous, temperate and indulgent. Twice married, Ije left surviving him a widow and two sons - Marlen Richard and Albert Clifton. His long life bespoke him, as he was in reality, a man of abstemious habits. In his death, the county lost a good citizen, and his community an excellent neighbor.

Lewis Swatts

Lewis Swatts is a son of John Swatts and Mary (Dishner) Swatts (both native Virginians), his birthday being September 16, 1831, and birthplace Blountsville, Sullivan Co., Tenn. In 1843, John Swatts, who wears the honors of having been a soldier in the war of 1812, brought his family to Indiana and located in Clinton County. On the 10th of March, 1850, Lewis Swatts moved to CaiToll County, and settled on the farm where he yet resides, on Deer Creek Prairie, one and a half miles southwest of the little town of Pittsburg.

Mr. Swatts was married to Miss Lucinda Runkle March 2, 1856. She was born in Tippecanoe County, Ind., in 1838. Mrs, Swatts is a member of the Presbyterian Church. Three children are the fi-uits of this marriage - Frank M., born November 19, 1860; Ida M., born February 1, 18()2; and Douglas M., born February 4, 1868.

Mr. Swatts is a member of the Odd Fellows Lodge, and in politics he has always associated himself with the Democratic party. He has never t'lken an active part in politics, or sought political office, yet, as evidence of his reliability and trustworthiness, he served for eighteen consecutive years as a Supervisor in his township.

We but simply repeat the words of several of Mr. Swatts' long-life neighbors when we say that he is considered an honest, upright citizen, and a kind aud agreeable neighbor. Ho is by occupation a farmer, and owns and manages with skill and energy one of the choicest farms in Carroll County.

Location, Boundary And Natural Features

Washington occupies the northeast corner of Carroll County. Cass County bounds it on the north and east, Carrollton Township on the south, and Jackson aud Rock Creek Townships on the west. It has an ai'ea of thirty square miles, or about nineteen thousand two hundred acres. Rock Creek, the principal stream, flows westwardly through the central portion of the township, and in its course becomes the receptacle for the waters of several smaller streams, or branches, among which Little Rock Creek is chief. Paint Creek flows in a westwardly direction through the southern part of the township, and. like Rock Creek, receives the waters of some minor branches in its course. The southeast corner of the township is watered by Deer Creek for a distance of about two miles. The general character of the surface is that of low, level lands, excepting in the immediate vicinity of Deer Creek, where it is chai-acterized by bluff banks, beyond which rich, level bottom lands stretch away to the south. The soil is a mixtiu-e of clay and loam, with a considerable proportion of sand in the bottom lands. It is uniformly rich and productive thi'oughout the township, and yields an average of the products indigenous to this climate, equal to any of its sister townships. Originally, its surface was covered by a dense growth of timber, among which the usual varieties of oak, walnut, beech, sugar, etc., were prominent, and the eai-ly settlers waged a long and tedious war against this formidable barrier ei'e they beheld the fruits of their victory in fertile and well tilled farms.

Early Land Sales

It has been explained in preceding chapters that all the.piu-- chasers of Government land were not identified with the settlement of the localities in which they pui'chased, and it is not necessiuy to repeat, in this connection, that the following record of land-purchases does not purport to be exclusively a list of the early settlers, even while the majority of the names herein contained belong to that class. It was customary for prospective |)urchasers to visit the locality in which they intended to pui'chase, and, after selecting certain tracts, return and make formal entry of the same at the Government Land Office. There were no sales of the public lands lying within this township prior to the year IS'29; but by the year l.Sgfi.all these lands had been entered, except one tract in Scitimi ."i. wliicli was left unclaimed until 1850. Below we apiMMid tlic list ..f piuThusers, with the date of purchase:

Section 2 - The several tracts of land in this seclinn were entered by William Martin, October 11, 1834; John (K Trceu. November 15, 1834; Daniel Dunham, October 25, 1835: Anthony Brown, July 10, 183fi; John G. Cohee, August 10. 1830; William McCain. December 13. 18.3(;.

Kaulv Settlers

In the year 1829, the first white family entered the forests of this township for the purpose of making a homo here. The ud. ventm'er was Moses Standley, Sr., who, although a native of Tazewell County, Va., had been a participant in the pioneer scenes of Boiu-bon County, Ky., having removed to that county at an early day, and mairied there in 1814. He possessed a rugged constitution, and, having been so much in pioneer communities, imbibed a love for the strange, wild life of the frontier that caused him to seek new settlements, where he could gratify this taste and employ his strength in opening and developing the resources of new localities, and identifying himself with the civilization that followed. Can-oil County was but sparsely settled when he made his advent within its borders, and not a white man had taken up his residence within the limits of Washington Township. He located first in Deer Creek Township, in Jiuie, 1827, and began the labor of clearing a farm there. On the ISth of March, 1829, he entered the west half of the southeast quarter and the east half of the southwest quarter of Section 32. in Washington Township, and, on the 15th of April following, aiTivedwith his family at the new home in the woods. He entered upon his pioneer labora with a zest and energy that gave proof of his industrious character, and. for a period of about twenty-three years, remained a citizen of the township: but. at the end of that time, removed to Hill Coimty. Texas, where he died August 15, 1858. He was an honorable man, and was always highly esteemed as a citizen.

The next settler in the township was William Cox, formerly a citizen of Preble County, Ohio. On the 11th of June, 1829, he entered the east half of the southeast quarter of Section 32, and the west half of the southwest ijviarter of Section 33. In October of the same year, he brought his family to the land he had purchased. Mr. Cox was a man of industrious habits, and entered with boldness and determination into his work, and pursued it steadily until he had cleared his farm of the cumbrous timber that once covered it. He was a successful fanner, and lived to see many fine estates hewed out from the timber around him -ciil tivating his own farm and lending a helping hand to his neighbors of a later date, in the erection of cabins and barns, the burning of log-heaps, and all the occasions upon which mutual assistance was customary in the pioneer days. He won the regai'd of all who knew him, and was always recognized as a leading citizen of his township. Twenty-nine years after his an-ival here, he died - in October, 1858. Of the family who accompanied him to the home in the wilderness, only one daughter (Sarah, widow of the late Christopher Dale) now resides in the township. His youngest daughter, Mai-y, who was born in January. 1830. was the first white child born in the township. She grew to maturity here, and married William J. Brown, a respected citizen of the township, and died in October, 188(1.

Following closely upon the arrival of Mr. Cox came Levi Farmer, in October, 1829. On the 11th of November following, he entered the west half of the northwest quarter of Section 32, and, at various times thereafter, entered land in other portions of the township. The land upon which he located was low and swampy, and, in addition to clearing away the timber, he found it necessary to di-ain his land. He continued steadily in his efforts at improvement, and finally made a fine farm, which he cultivated successfully until death ended his labors, about the year 1854. His wife survived until 1879. They were estimable people, and were highly regarded by all.

and located in the west half of the northeast quarter of Section 32, having entered this tract in the preceding fall. He remained here until the spring of 1837, then removed to the State of Illinois, where he died.

Shortly after the arrival of Mr. Gray, Jacob Coffman and wife came from Ohio, and located in Section 32, this tract (the west half of the southwest quarter) having been entered by Mi-. Coffman in the preceding September. He was a good man, and, had he lived, would doubtless ' have proved as industrious as his neighbors, and as successful in the work of the pioneer. But he died in the fall of 1833, his death being the first in the township. There were then no cemeteries here, and his remains were laid to rest on the f ai'm of his neighbor, Moses Standley, Sr.

On the loth of September, 1830, William Crockett, foi-merly from Mi^mi County, Ohio, located on the fann now owned by John Zinn, on Deer Creek. He was a prominent and highly respected citizen of the township for twenty-five years. He removed to Cass County in 1855, and died there a few yeai's later.

William Odell, a native of North Carolina, and an early pioneer in Parke County, Ind., located in Section 14, in 1831 He cleared and improved a large farm, upon which he resided until his decease, in 1850. The old homestead is still occupied by his widow and family. He was an upright man, a sincere Christian, and possessed the good will and confidence of all who knew him, while his family are regarded as among the best citizens of the township.

In 1832, Moses Watson came from Ohio, and located on the farm now owned and occupied by Moses Standley, Jr., in Section 32. He cleared this farm and cultivated it for a number of years. His wife died here, and was buried on the farm. Mr. Watson subsequently removed to Fulton County, Ind., where he died. His remains were brought back to the fann he had cleared and interred beside those of his wife.

George Brown, also from Ohio, settled in Section 31 in 1833 Some time afterward, two Mormon missionaries - Tibbitts and McGaughey - made their appearance in the settlement, and Brown gi'anted them the hospitalities of his house, in which they held their meetings. They secured several converts from this and neighboring townships, among whom was their host. All endeavored to sell their farms and join the Elders in their march to the " Zion " of the Mormons, but Brown was the only one who succeeded in disjxjsing of his property as desired. No sooner had he received the money than the wily Elders began to conspire for its possession, and, under one pretext after another, succeeded in " bleeding " him quite liberally. But they showed their hands too soon for the success of their plot. Some of Brown' s neighbors, who were men of good, sound judgment, and not to be carried away by the oily-tongued eloquence of the Eldei-s, saw the trap into which he was being drawn, and expostulated with him. His senses seemed to retm-n to him after their explanations, and ho repudiated the EUlers, their faith, and methods of proceeding. The other converts did likewise, and the fraud of Mormonism lost the slight foothold it had gained. Mr. Brown remained in the settlement for about ten years afterward, and proved himself an industrious, hardworking man, and a good citizen in all respects. He finally removed to the State of Missom'i, where he died.

During tho year 1833, there were uumorous airivals in the township. Prominent among tho number were Kobert McCJnin and family, Stephen Sherman, John Stewart and Jacob Slusser, all of whom cleared and improved farms, upon which they resided until dciitli .lolin Cox and John Crookmore came in 1835, and

Josiah Yerkes, James Thornton and others came in 1836. John Cohee came in 1837, and Thomas, William, Hugh and Alexander Hardy came in 1838. The Hai-dy brothers were young men, with an invalid father to take care of, and perhaps no more striking example of the pluck and energy of the pioneers could be found in the township than that exhibited by them. In the meantime their labors have been well recompensed, and they possess and cultivate a fine estate of more than a thousand acres.

Between 1838 and 1841, the more prominent settlers were James Cooper, Samuel Cohee, Vincent D. Cohee, Charles Hiukle Joshua Kay. Daniel Downham, Johnson Kirkpatrick. and others whose names could not be learned.

From 1829 to 1841 was properly the pioneer period in this township. Within that period, nearly all the public laud had been entered, and the greater portion of it occupied and improved; and within that period, too, the township had been invested with a civil existence, separate and distinct from Jackson Township, of whose jm-isdiction it had fonnsrly been a part. While the years that followed, for a decade or more, had in store for new settlers much that bore a strong resemblance to the scenes through which their predecessors had passed - clearing away forests, living in log cabins, and otherwise endiu-ing the inconveniences of backwoods life - we can scai'cely enumerate those who came within that period as among the pioneers. The way had been pre- ]iared before they came, and much of the work had been accomplished, thus practically closing the pioneer period.

The Commissioners of Carroll County, at their May session, 1835, passed an order creating the township of Washington fi'om a portion of Jackson, and ordered that an election be held for the purpose of choosing township officers, designating the house of John G. Treen as the voting-place. The contest for Justice of the Peace resulted in the choice of John G. Treen for that office. He served from 1830 to 1841, and since that time the following gentlemen have served in that capacity: John Cohee, elected 1842; William Saimders, 1844;. served until 1850; William VViuegardner, 1850 to 1803; John Davis, 1803; Ephraim Penn, 1808; re-elected 1872; James C. Newer, 1870; J. J. Gardner, 1874; Lewis Hinkle, 1878-82; John G. Cratli, 1880-82.

Among the Constables who have served in this townshiji are: Henry Dorn, elected 1841; Josiah Yerkes, 1842; William Standley, 1843; Josiah Yerkes, Jr., 1844; Stephen Scott, J847: Je.sse Osbum, 1850; John Campbell, 1852; John Hinkle, 1853; reelected 1855; James Hinkle, 1800; Daniel Ray, 1807; J. A. Garver, 1871; Andrew Ray, 1872; Joseph Fry, 1872; Thomas McGreevy, 1S74; Joseph A. Shanks, 1874; La Fayette Paden, 187N; James H. Hinkle, 1878; Nelson Parnell, 1880-82. The offices of Trustees, Clerk and Treasm'er were among those tilled by election, under the old law, but the names of incumbents of those offices could not be obtained with any approach to accuracy.

It was after the organization of the township that public roads began to be sm-veyed and located, in response to petitions presented to the Bom'd of Trustees. Prior to this time, the roads here, as in other pioneer communities, with the exception of tho Michigan road, were mere by-ways thi-ough the wooils, laid out without regard to geographical or goometi-ical rules. An opening was made in the most direct line between two objective points, and the trees on either side cut down and burned, to permit the l)a8sage of vehicles. Sometimes, familos en route to the lands they had i)urchased hero would cut a passage for their teams and wagons, and in some instances, these openings were made to serve the general pui-pose of public roads. But they wpre uniformly bad. and, at certain seasons of the year, neai'ly impassable. The dense foliage of the trees excluded the sun"s rays, ;md they were consequently always wet and muddy. Under the new order, however, the ]>ublic roads were surveyed and located by the ])roper authorities, and the residents permitted to pay their road tax by cleai'ing away the timber from the routes marked out, and preparing the way for travel. Thus, in the com-se of years, numerous roads were made, resulting in a very complete and convenient system of public highways, over which large quantities of the products of the soil ai-e annually conveyed to market.

I'nder the old organization, and until the year 1850, the civil affairs of the township were under the management of a b<iai-d of three Trustees, assisted by a Clerk and Treasurer. It is believed that those holding these offices prior to 1853 kept no records of their proceedings; or, if any were kept, they are not now extant, the earliest records now in possession of the Trustee being those beginning with the year 1853, and ending with 185'J. Much interesting information is thus lost. Since 1859, the duties of the former board have been discharged by one Trustee, agreeably with an act of the Legislature. The present incumbent of that office is Dr. B. D. Bradtield.

The winter of 1838 is memorable as being the date at which the first school was taught in Washington Township. The teacher was Miss Amanda Huston, a young lady of fine accomplishments, though only sixteen years of age when she took charge of the school. The schoolhouse was an old log cabin, which stood on the farm now occupied by Moses Standley, Jr. The frosts of winter had come before it was known th;it school was to be taught in the township, and when they came to " daub " the crevices between the logs in order to jirepare the cabin for occupation, it was found that the mud plaster froze faster than they could use it. So moss was resorted as a substitute for mud, and with this the cracks were all " chinked up," to keep out the biting cold. Nearly all the children of the proper age in the townshiji were enrolled among the pupils of this school, and among them were some who are now among the leading citizens of the community. Three consecutive teiTDs were taught in this cabin - the first by Miss Huston, the second by William Saunders, and the third by Moses Standley, Sr., who were all teachers of superior qualifications.

In the simimer of 1842, a hewed-log house was erected within a short distance of the old cabin, and in the same section (32). This house was built especially for school purposes, by the residents of the township, whose labor was cheerfully contributed in its erection. During the winter of that year, the firet term was taught in the new house, and, for a number of years subsoqiiently, school was taught here every winter. Among the teachers identified with the early history of this house were James Saunders and William Hardy - both excellent teachers.

Shortly after the erection of the house above referred to, there were thriie others erected, the township having, in the meantime, been divided into school districts by authority of the Board of Trustees, who had immediate supervision of the affairs of the nchool. One of these houses was situated on the Josiah Yerkes land, one on the faiTQ of John Cohee. and one on the farm of AVilliam Odell. In 1842. the sale of lands in the "school section" (Section Ifi) began, and the money derived therefrom was apj)ro" priated by the Trustees to the support of the schools. This fund was usually sufficient to pay the current expenses for a term of tlxree months, during which time the schools were fiee to all who wished to attend. The regular teim was during the winter: but fre<juently there would bo ]>rivate schools taught in these houses in the fall or summer, and maintained by a tuition fee, conti-ibuted by their patrons.

About ten years after the establishment of the first free schools in this township, the first school tax was collected, under the provisions of the law of 1851-52, which came into effect with the revised constitution of the State. In the meantime, the schools have continued to increase in popularity and efficiency, and the citizens of the township take a hearty interest in their welfare, and feel a just pride in their success. Of the nine district schoolhouses now in the townshiji, seven are neat brick structm-es. and two frame. The estimated value of school jirojierty in the township, including houses, grounds, furniture. ap|)aratus, etc., is $10,120. The average length of term for the school year of 1880-81 was 77 days, and the average daily compensation of male teachers, $2.10; females, 11.87. Dm-ing this jieriod. there was a total enrollment of 3()4 jiiipils in the schools, with an average attendance of 21(5.

Account Ok Kevenue Fok

The Lutheran, Baptist and Protestant Methodist Churches were each represented by ministers here at an early day, and each in turn organized societies. The history of the Evangelical Lutheran Chui'ch in this township was prej^ared by the pastor. Rev. J. L. Guard, and is here given in substance:

Mount Fisgah Evangelical Lidhema tVi?(cc/i was organized by the Rev. Samuel McReynolds, on the "iSth day of August, 1852, with a membership of twenty-nine souls. The organization was at once attached to the Camden charge, in connection with the Synod of Northern Indiana, which synod is in connection with the General Synod of the United States.

Rev. McReynolds served the church for about two years after its organization, at the end of which time he resigned. Rev. David Smith was then called, and resigned after two years. He was succeeded by the Rev, L. L. Bonnell, who preached his first sermon as regular pastor October 12, 1850, and continued to serve the chiu'ch for about two years, when he was compelled to resign on account of failing health. He was succeeded by Rev. Sini'jn P. Snyder, who began his pastoral labors on the 1st of October, 1858. In 1859, under the leadership of Mr. Snyder, a house of worship, 30x45 feet, was erected. This house is still occupied on occasions of public worship. It is situated on the farm of John Hinkle, a quai'ter of a mile west of the Logansport pike.

When Mr. Snyder first took charge, the membership had diminished to about twenty-five. He continued as pastor for nine years, and added to the church over one hundred members. He resigned in 181)7, and from that date until 1870, the church was served by the Revs. M. L. Kunkleman, J. \V. Elser and S. B. Hyman, neither of whom remained in the charge quite one year.

In the sjM-ing of 1870, Rev. John L. Guard, of Kickapoo, Peoria Co., 111., was invited to visit the charge and preach for the churches. A call was subsequently extended to him, which he accepted, and, on the first Sunday in June, 1870, began his pastoral labors. He preach(-d for the Moimt Pisgah Chm-ch, in connection with other chiu'ches fonning the Camden charge, until the spring of 1878, when, at a meeting of the joint councils, it was voted to divide the Camden chai'ge, and from two separate charges from what it then embraced. Mr. Guard then became pastor of the Rock Creek ohai-ge, composed of Mount Pisgah Church and two others, which he had organized, meanwhile, in Cass County, Ind.

The Mount Pisgah Church has enjoyed an encouraging degree of success, the membership more than holding its own, and numbering, in 1877, nearly two hundred communicants. Four new organizations having been efl'octod within the territory originally embraced by this church, its membership has been reduced, in conse<juence, to about ninety communicants. Rev. Guard still continues to servo the church as pastor, and, during his connection with it in this capacity, has added Uli persons to tlie membership.

Mount Olivr Kmuijriiciil l.iilliriiiii I was organized on the 2(')th of March, 1880, at the villiij;,. of West Sonora, in Wash, ington Township, with a membersliipof forty-two persons. Solomon Fonts donated to the society two lots in the village, upon which, in the fall of I8S0, they completed their present house of worship. This is a neat, .^ubstimtial frame building, 32x40 feet Tlie first hcrnion was jircached hero by the Rev. J. L. Guai-d, on the afternoon of Sunday, December li), 1880, and the house was

Tlip Paint Creple Missionary Baptist Cliurch was organized in February, 1881, at the church erected and formerly occupied by the Protestant Methodist society, near the center of the township. Harlen Johnson. Joseph Fry and wife, David Joyce, George W. CoUyer and wife, John Collyer and wife, Malti D. Collyer, Elizabeth Fry, Dennis Fry and AVatson Blue were the original members. Rev. B. A. Melson was chosen pastor, and still occupies that relation, preaching every alternate Simday. Since the organization of the chruch, its membership has increased to a total of twenty-two, and its prospects are encom-aging.

The Protestant Methodists organized about the year 1809, and erected the house above referred to. Various causes operated against their success, and the organization was abandoned in 1879,

Morse Lodge. No. 477, I. O. O. F., was organized at the village of West Sonora, January 15, 1875. S. P. Strahan, W. A. Snodgi-ass, W. M. Loop, J. C. Newer, Lewis Hinkle, Z. Motter, AVilliam Martin, Alexander Showalter, James Slusser, John L. Hinkle and Francis Joyce were the charter membere, and Jacob See, Leroy Landes and Martin Seward were received as membere by initiation, and others by card.

Dr. W. M. Loop was elected N. G. ; W. A. Snodgrass, V. G. ; John L. Hinkle, Secretary; and J. C. Newer, Tivasui-er. The lodge was instituted in its present hall, over the store of J. C. Newer. It is now in good working order and comfortable finances. Its present officers are: Ansbmy Bird, N. G. ; William See, V. G. : T. C. Forgy. Secretary; and Perry Johnson, Treasurer.

Industrial Pdrsdits

Washington is essentially a riu-al township, and agricultm-al pursuits form the chief occupation of its citizens. There were no mills erected within her borders at an early day, and but few of a permanent ehai-acter in later years. Indeed, the tile factory of Ray Brothers & Collins may be mentioned as the only manufacturing establishment now in the township. This enterprise was founded by Denny & Garrett, in the spring of 1879, and, through pm-chase, passed finally into the possession of its present owners. They employ five men, and manufactoi'e an average of 1,()00 rods of tile per month. The establishment is situated in the village of West Sonora.

The products of 1881, as reported from this township, make a very favorable showing: 2,851 acres were sown in wheat, and yielded 57,020 bushels; 2,327 acres were planted in corn, yield ing 99,720 bushels; 292 acres of oats yielded 11,080 bushels; fi'om ()59 acres of meadow, 1,054 tons of hay were gathered; while 27 acres of Irish potatoes yielded 945 bushels.

Deer Creclc Post Office. - This is a village in the southeastern part of the township, to which both the nwnes West Sonora and Henpock are given. The latter is the most universally applied, and the village is known tar and neai- by that name. As early as 1N51. it was a place of considerable importance on the Michigan road. A tavern was kept by Benjamin Smith, who also operated a saw-mill. Thomas Deford had n blacksmith shop, and tV elder Dr. Loop was located here as a practicing physician. Mr. Smith also conducted a store in connection with his tavern.

Deer Creek P. O.

Was born at Ithaca, Darke County, Ohio, September 4, 1848. The following spring, his father, Dr. J. C. Loop, removed his family from Ohio to Deer Creek, Ind., and in 1863 to Galveston, Cass County. In the common schools, then of Indiana, our subject received his elementary education, subsequently, advancing, by an attendance at the Presbyterian Academy of Logansport.

Retiring from school, he began the study of medicine, in 1865, under the private tuition of his father, in their office at Galveston. But for the purpose of higher attainments, during the winter of 1871-72, he attended a course of lectm-es at the Medical Department of the University of Michigan, and upon completion of this course he immediately located at Deer Creek, CarroU County, the former residence of his father. Here he has since successfully pursued the practice of medicine. During the winters of 1873, '74, '75, '76 and '77, each, he repeated his attendance at medical colleges - having, at the latter date, graduated from the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Indiana.

Again, the winter of 1878, he attended Rush Medical College of Chicago. Again, also, in 1879, graduated from the Medical College of Indiana, Department of Butler University, and, finally, in 1880, he attended BeUevue Hospital Medical College of New York.

He was one of the charter members of the CarroU County Medical Society. Is a member of the Logansport Medical and Surgical Association, and also of the Indiana State Medical Society. For the past sixteen years, Dr. Loop has been a close, persistent student in his chosen profession, ever conscientiously and faithfully attending all who commit themselves to his care, thus achieving that rank and success in his profession which can only be acquired by dihgent toil and by untiring perseverance.

In religion, he is of the Lutheran faith, having united with that denomination January 1, 1881. In politics, his sympathies are with the Democracy. January 1, 1870, he wedded Miss Laura E. Hyman, whose amiable qualities have since so essentially aided to render his home a circle of domestic sunshine.

Moses Standley

Moses Standley. son of Moses and Jane (Minery) Standley, was born in Boiu-bon County. Ky.. on the ^th of September, 1825 His father was a native of Tazwell County. Va., and his mother was a native of Pennsylvania. Both moved to Kentucky when children, and were married in that State in 1814. The father was a farmer, and followed that occupation in Kentucky imtil 1827. In June of that year, he removed with his family to Carroll County, Ind.. locating in Deer Creek Township. On the ITith of April, 1829, he removed to Washington Township, in the same county, where he cleared and improved the farm now owned by Margaret Williams and Martin Seward. Here his wife died, in October, 1836. He continued his labors here for a period of sixteen years longer, and, in 1852, went to Hill Covmty, Texas, lured thither by his love of pioneer life and frontier scenes. His family had grown to matm-ity in the meantime, and he left them well provided for when he went. He died in that county on the 14th of August, 1858.

His son Moses was scarcely two years of aj with his parents to the wilds of Indiana, and w old when he removed to the township in which continued to reside. As might be expected, his early educational advantages were limited. He attended the first school taught in the township, in the winter of 1838, but for the general knowledge he acquired he is indebted mainly to a persistent course of study at home and close fellowship with his father, who was a scholar of no inferior attainments. He grew up amid the scenes and surroundings peculiar to pioneer life, and, as soon as he was old enough to work, his services were in demand at home. He assisted his father in the labor of clearing his farm, and cultivating it afterward. He became thus associated with the infant history of his township, and in all the years that have followed, has been closely identified with its public and private interests.

On the 16th of February, 1853, he was united in marriage with Miss Selina, daughter of Thaddeus Pangburn, who came to Carroll County in 1835, settling in Carrollton Township. Associated with his brother, William H. Standley, he purchased the fai-m upon which he now resides, and which they cultivated in common until 1864. At that time, William sold his interest to his brother, and removed to Logansport, where he now resides. Since that time, Mr. Standley has cultivated his farm alone, and, in the meantime, has inaugiu-ated and carried out many important improvements. He has grown with the township, and kept abreast of its progress, proving himself in advance of the times in many of his ideas. He possesses a vigorous constitution, and hard work seems to be his especial element. This, backed as it is by indomitable energy, has proved the secret of his success. No special good fortune has attended him; and, while he may be classed among the wealthy men of his township, his possessions ai-e the legitimate outgrowth of his industry and energy. He enjoys the highest esteem of all who know him, and is recognized as one of the most substantial and reliable of citizens.

and presided over by the faithful wife who assisted and encouraged him in the struggles of earlier years, and whose careful management was an important factor in his ultimate success. Their wedded life has been blessed by ten children, named, respectively, Franklin, John J., Caroline, Mary J.. William Wirt, Thaddeus, Ella, Amy, Charles and Bruce, all of whom now survive, save Amy.

Mr. Standley is the only member of his father's family now living in Carroll County. One brother, Charles M. , was a member of the Twenty -foiu-th Indiana Battery, and died in the Union service at Lebanon, Ky., during the war of the rebellion. John is a citizen of the State of Texas, and William H. is a citizen of Logansport, Ind.

John Hardy was born in the year 1781, in that jiart of Mifflin County, Penn. , which, in later years, was set apart and organized as Juniata County. He grew up amid the scenes that marked this country's history after the close of the Revolution, acquiring as much of an education as Uie times afforded. He was reared on a farm, and, for many years after his marriage, was engaged in agricultvu-al piu-suits, in connection with the trade of a carpenter. In later yeare, he became an invalid, and was compelled to abandon all labor, his sons thereupon taking his place as the support of the family. He accompanied them to Carroll County, Ind., in 1838, and died on the 25th of August, 1854.

His wife, whose maiden name was Elizabeth Barkner, was born on the 8th of September, 1787, in Dauphin County, Penn., near the city of Harrisburg. Her father was a soldier in Washington's army during the Revolutionary war, serving foiu- years. He participated in the battles of Brandywine, Paoli and other memorable engagements, and was in the encampment at Valley Forge. Subsequently, the family removed to Mifflin County, Penn.. where Miss Barkner and Mi-. Hardy were imited in marriage about the year 1810. In early lite, Mrs. Hardy united with the Lutheran Chm-ch, and, although in later years she was not identified with it, she was, during her entire life, a noble. Christian woman, and her religion was exemplified in her daily life. She was devoted to her husband and family, and spent her life in ministering to their comfort and happiness. She won her way into the hearts of all around her by her kindly offices and womanly tenderness, and when, on the 19th of February, 1866, she died, her loss was sadly lamented in the community where she was so well known and so universally esteemed.

Of the children who accompanied them to Carroll County, Thomas, Hugh and William still reside here; Alexander is in business at Logansport, Ind. ; Catharine married William Rassler, and died in 1862; Jane married C. P. Freeman, and died in 1857; Mary A. married William R, Lamb, and now resides near Burnettsville. White Co., Ind., and Lydia, the youngest daughter, died in 1850, aged nineteen years.

Hugh Hardy

HUGH HARDY. Mr. Hugh Hardy is the son of John and Elizabeth Hardy; he was born March 9, 1814, in Juniata Coimty, Penn. His early boyhood was passed much like that of farmer boys in general. He attended the district schools in winters, and, during the remainder of the year, his time was employed in work on the home farm. Later in life, he engaged his services to neighboring farmers, contributing thus to the support of his father's family. On the 14th of November, 1837, he was united in marriage with

Miss Rosannali Hamaker, and, in the spring of 1838, removed to Carroll County, Ind., accompanied by his brothers and sisters and parents. They located near Fisher's Mill, about three miles east of Camden, where they remained about three months. At the end of that time, the brothers purchased a tract of land in Washington Township, upon which they located and which they cultivated in common, as a common possession, until 1867. In the meantime, by industry and economy, they accumulated some capital, which they wisely invested in land lying adjacent to their own, gradually enlarging the boundaries of their farm, until it embraced upward of 1,500 acres. Upon this estate, their parents continued to reside with them during life. In 1807, the farm was divided, Hugh receiving as his shai-e that portion upon which he now resides, comprising 375 acres. By the surroundings of his early years, Mr. Hardy became inured to hard work, and foi-med those habits of industry which have characterized all his later life, and proved the key to his temporal success. By a life of the strictest probity, he has established himself on a high plane in the estimation of all who know him, and is universally recognized as one of the substantial and reliable citizens of this county.

His wife is the daughter of Jacob Hamaker, a native of Cumberland County, Perm. He was a millwright and followed that occupation during his life. He was married to Elizabeth Fridley in Dauphin County, Penn., and, after several changes of location, finally settled at Port Koyal, Jiuiiata County, where he resided until death. In that county, his daughter was united in man-iage with Mr. Hardy. She has proved a loving and faithful companion and a help-mate in the ti'uest sense. Their wedded life has been blessed by three children, named, respectively, Ann Eliza, Alfred H. and David H. Ann Eliza man-ied Jacob Been, and now resides near Burrows, in this county; Alfred enlisted in Company A, of the Forty-sixth Indiana Regiment, and lost his life in defense of the Union, at the battle of Jackson, Miss. ; David H. married Miss Angelina Martin, and now resides near Burrows.

William Hardy

Mr. William Hardy is the son of John aud Elizabeth Hardy; was born March 2, 1819, in Jimiata Coimty, Penn. He enioyed a common-school education, and, at an early age, began to contribute his shai-e toward the maintenance of the family. He was about nineteen years of ago when ho came to Carroll County, Ind., but in the labors necessary after arrival here, he performed a man's part. The land purchased by the brothers was devoid of improvement, and only a very small portion of it had been cleared, so that there were many weary mouths of hard labor ere their farm could be cultivated. They cleared away tTio timber, however, and reduced the wilderness to fine and fertile fields. Upon this farm, Mr. Hardy has ever since continued to reside, it lioing owned aud cultivated jointly by hims(^lf and his brother Thomas.

His life has been marked by industry, and this, in turn, has brou'^ht success. For a period of forty- four years, he has been associated with the history and interests of CaiToU County and Washington Township, and, during that period, has steadily advanced fi-om a position bordering closely upon poverty to one of independence. He has acquired an ample fortune, which is of itself a moniunent to his enterprise and energy, and at the same time he has, by his strict integrity and uniformly fair dealing with his fellowmen, won a high place in their regard, and all who know him unite in pronouncing him an honorable, upright man.

On the 1st day of May, 1866, he was united in marriage with Miss Mary Hardy. Twelve years later, death invaded his home, and claimed a loving and devoted wife for his victim. She died on the 27th of November, 1878, leaving two children - Wilson A. Dugan and Juniata M., both of whom are now living with their father. On the 23d of June, 1881, Mr. Hardy was united in the bonds of matrimony with his present companion. Miss Mary C. O'Donnell, a young lady of charming manners and fine accomplishments. Mrs. Hardy is the daughter of James O'Donnell, Esq. . a highly respected citizen of this county.

Capt. Alexander Hardy

This gentleman is the son of John Hardy. He was associated with his brothers, Thomas, Hugh and William, in clearing and cultivating the farm in Washington Township. He was born on the 7th of March, 1825, at the old homestead in Juniata County, Penn., and accompanied his father's family to Carroll County, Ind. , at the age of thirteen years. In early life, he developed an inclination for mechanical pm-suits, and when about eighteen years of age, entered upon an apprenticeship at the cai'penter's trade. Later in life, he was extensively engaged in bridge-building, but subsequently abandoned this pvu'suit and retiu-ned to the farm in Washington Township, taking pai-t in its cultivation. He was thus engaged at the outbreak of the late rebellion. Leaving the peaceful pursuits of faim life, he entered the service of his country with all the patriotism and ardor of a man in his prime, enrolling his name among the members of Company A, Twenty-fourth Indiana Battery. He was at once elected Second Lieutenant of hia company, and during his term of service rose, by successive promotions, to the office of Captain. He was a brave soldier and a kind officer, and won the regard and good will of superiors and subalterns alike. He was honorably dischai'ged in 1805, at the close of the rebellion, and after several years passed in various localities, finally located at Logansport, Ind., where he is now engaged as one of the proprietors of an extensive oil-mill.

He was married, in 1859, to Miss Eveline, daughter of John Scott, an early settler of Carroll (.lounty. This union was blessed by one son - Eddy - who still survives. Mi-s. Hardy is an estimable lady, and a favorite in the social circle, sharing with her husband the high regard in which he is held by all.

Business Dieectoeies City Op Delphi

. Editor and Proprietor " The Delphi Tin ,. Dealer in Lime. CTroceries, e . Dealer in Liqnors k Clears. Billiard [i .General Banking r.u-ii,.