Carroll County, Indiana - Biographical sketches (2 of 2 so headed), 1882 (part 4 of 7)

Until the affairs of the township were placed in the hands of a Board of Trustees, a great lack of system was apparent, especially in the matter of public roads. Hitherto, the roads were cut out through the woods by settlers going to their farms, and iu many instances were left to become overgrown again with the tangled vines of the forest, after serving the one jiurpose tor which they were cut out. Other roads, or by-ways, were cut out through the woods to facilitate neighborhood communication, but no at tention was paid to geographical lines. Upon the organizatiim of the township, however, it became neoessai'y to secure the names of a certain number of freeholders along the line of every pro posed highway, and a petition, signed by them, was presented to the Board of Trustees, praying that such road might be located and opened. Three men were appointed by the Board as Viewers, to examine the site for the road, and, upon their recommendation, the petition was granted. The road was then siu'veyed. and the Supervisors, assisted by the men of the township, cleared away the timber from the region through which it passed, and the road was made ready for travel. This was the manner in which the early settlers " worked out " their road tax For the first few years after organization, the Township Board was closely occupied in considering and disposing of these road petitions, several of which were before them at every meeting. In nearly every in stance, the Viewers appointed retm-ned a report to the board in which they expressed the belief that the road would be a public convenience, and thus few petitions for public highways were answered in the negative. As years rolled on. new roads were opened, as the convenience of certain neighborhoods demanded, and to-day nearly every section of land iu the township is sup plied with one or more of them.

The Trustees were intrusted with the management of the jjublio schools, as well as the civil affaii-s of the township, and tit an ear.ly day established school districts, and disbm-sed the public money accruing in partial su))i)ort of the schools. There were sundry changes in the laws regarding the administration of township affairs, the last one of whitth was brought about by the act of 1858-59, abolishing the board of three Trustees. Clerk au<l Treasurer, and investing one Trustee with the power over the financial and educational interests of the township formerly exer cised by the board. The latter is still in force, and, whether any more efficient or judicious than the old hiw. is certainly less com

Democrat Townshif

Prior to the year 1S38, it is believed, there were no attempts made to instruct the children of the community, unless some one of the settlers taught a select class at home. Of such, however, there is no record, and it is not probable that any such classes existed, since the time of the settlers was fully occupied with the labor essential to their success in developing fai-ms fi'om the wilderness. It is stated by Isaac Watson that the first school in the township was a building of round logs, erected in 1S33, on the comer of his father's fai-m. This house, although erected for a Presbj'terian Church, was used for school purposes during the week days of the winter. The first house erected especially for a school was built at the village of Prince William, in 1838, and the tirst term was taught there in the winter of that year. Within a year or two afterward, a similar building was erected in the eastern part of the township, at or near the village of Lexington. Another schoolhouse was erected at an early day, on the land of David Weidner, and Samuel Weaver taught the first term in this house. After the townshi]i was divided into districts by the Trustees, in 1830 or 1837, schoolhouses were erected at various times, according to the number of school children residing within the limits of certain districts. They were all supported by private contributions uutil the sale of lands in the section reserved as school projjerty created a public fund. This was applied in payment of the school expenses until exhausted, when the parents of children attending the schools cheerfvilly contributed the balance necessary to sustain the school for the remainder of the temi. By the law of 1851-52, it became admissible to levy a general tax for the maintenance of public schools, which were thereafter free to all who would attend them. In this township, the provisions of that law were readily adopted, and the school tax met with little opposition. From the first, a gi'eat improvement was appai-ent, and in the intervening years the history of the schools has been one of progress, while the moral and intellectual standing of the community attest the good results of this system, and redound to the credit of its originators. There ai'e now nine districts in the township, in each of which there is a substantial schoolhouse. Of this number, eight are brick houses, and the ninth a frame building. During the school year of 1880-81, the average attendance of scholars in all the schools was 220, out of a total enrollment of 354 scholars.

The average length of the school term during that period was 105 days, and the average daily compensation of teachers was $2.23. The estimated value of schoolhouses, grounds, appai-atus, etc., within the township, is $0,600. The financial condition of the schools is shown in the following report by the Trustee:

During the early days of the settlement, and for a number of years subsequently, religious meetings were held at the bouses of various residents in the eommuuity, by ministers sent out from the headquai-ters of the denominations they rejjresented. The Presbyterians were the first to erect a house of worship, although , the Baptists and Methodists both held services at an early day. Each denomination had adherents among the citizens, and each, in time, gained new accessions to their numbers. The vai'ious denominations were organized one by one, as their numbers grew to such proportions as to make organization practicable, and throughout the intervening years they have grown and prospered. Following is a condensed history of their organization and development.

Ball Hill Methodist Episcopal Chnrcli. - As early as the year 1830, a class of the Methodist Episcopal denomination was organized at the house of Archibald Clark. The families of Mr. Clark and George Loman were, perhaps, all who were really constituent members of the society, though several others united with it immediately after its organization. For a period of more than a dozen years, the house of Mr. Clark was the plac'e at which the meetings of the class were held. Diu'ing those years, many new members were added to the congregation, and a house of worship became a matter of necessity. A lot was donated by Charles Thomas, upon which was erected a frame chiu-cb, named Ball Hill Chm-ch, in honor of a former pastor. Rev. Mi-. Ball. In the winter of 1870. this building was destroyed by fii-e, and, in the following summer, it was replaced by the present edifice, which is also a frame structure. The latter was completed at a cost of $1,900, and dedicated by Eev. Thomas Bowman, in November, 1871. The church now has a membership of about sixtyfive persons, and is under the pastoral care of Rev. Mi'. Ma,son.

Thomas Christian Chapel. - This is a neat brick building, located in the southwest corner of Section 0. The society was organized in the spring of 1854, by Elder Hazael Thomas. The constituent members were Hazael and Mahala Thomas, Hester Kigel, Charles Wagner, John McGuire, Sarah McGuire, Almeda Thomas, James McCracken, Jacob Cochran and Nancy Cochran- The meeting for organization was held in the Gee Schoolhouse, and, from that time until 1873, the Gee and Winter Schoolhouses were the places in which the regular services were conducted. In the year above named, a lot was pm'chased of Peter Altic, upon which the present building was erected. Elder Thomas officia*^ed as pastor for a number of years, and was succeeded by Elders James Atwood, Joseph Hazlett and Kendall West The latter is the present pastor, and is now in the foiu-th year of his pastorate in this charge.

Lexington Presbyterian Church* - The Presbyterian Chm-ch in Democrat Township was organized August 1, 1835, by Rev. L. G. Bell, imder authority of Crawfordsville Presbytery. The meetuig for this purpose was held in a log schoolhouse near the present site of the village of Geetingsville, a short distance south of the Middle Fork of Wild Cat Creek. The designation given to it at its organization was " Bethesda," in honor of the pool of that name in Jerusalem, whose waters had miraculous healing powers imparted to them, at stated seasons, by the troubling of an angel.

The persons who entered into the organization at the first were Archibald Ohittick, Richard Wilson, John Smith. .John Fisher and wife, Andrew Robinson and wife. Mary Roliinson,

Samuel Gwinn and Samuel McCrai-y. The first Elders were John Fisher. Andi-ew Robinson and Samuel Gwinn. The church through its earlier years prospered reasonably well in gathering members - first, under the ministry of Mr. Bell and then under the temporary supplyship of different -visiting ministers, among whom Rev. James A. Carnahan, Rev. Mr. Taylor, Rev. A. Williamson, Rev. E. W. Wright, Rev. John Dale and Rev. J. T. Patterson are conspicuous.

In 1844, the name of the church was changed to Lexington, a house of worship having meanwhile been built in the village' bearing the same name. In the same year, Anthony Wilson, John S. Shanklin and J. W. Glasscock were added to the session, and the Rev. JThomas M. Chestnut was called to the pastorate, and was installed early in the following year (1845). Mr. Chestnut continued as pastor until 1849 or 1850. After him came the Rev. Joseph Piatt, who supplied the church during the years 1851, 1852 and 1853. Then the Rev. J. W. McClusky succeeded as stated supply, from 1S54 to 1864. Next came Rev. William G. Thomas, who preached until July, 1865, and immediately after him came Rev. C. R. Van Erman, who remained until 1867. In the fall of 1867, Rev. William P. Koutz, formerly Chaplain of the One Hundred and Twenty-eighth Regiment Indiana Volunteers, became stated supply, and, in the following year, was called as pastor and installed. It is a fact worthy of remark that he and the Rev. Mr. Chestnut were the only installed pastors the church ever had. He continued as pastor until 1874, when he was released by Presbytery at his own request. The Rev. R. C. Colmary preached for pai-t of a year: then came Rev. William M. Stryker. who preached until December, 1876. On the 6th of February, 1877, Rev. John Hawk became stated supply, and continued until the close of 1879. During the years 1880 and 1881, the Rev. W. P. Koutz again supplied the church, after an absence from it of sis years spent abroad.

Besides the members of session already named, there were added to it at various times, the following persons, viz., Robert O. Yoiuig, M. D., John Cook. Robert Griifin, Thomas P. Robinson, John Young, Wan-en Adams and George W. Shanklin. The board of Deacons embraced, in addition to the original ones, such names as Edward Quinn, James W. Ayers, James M. Wharton, William Benton Adams, William Brown Wilson, John Stephenson, Bilton J. Wilson and AVilliam Beck.

During the period of nearly a half centm'y, not far from four hundred names have been added to the roll of this church, and it now numbers about 14()members. The church since 1856 erected two new houses of worship, four miles apart - one two miles north and the other two miles south of the village of Lexington. The old house first built has entirely disappeared, having been destroyed by fire. The congregation also erected a substantial parsonage for the pastor.

The periods of greatest success, in the addition of members, were during the labors of Rev. W. P. Koutz and Rev. John Hawk, the former adding 150 during his service of nine years, and the latter 80 during his service of three years. What a quickening influence must not the preaching of the Gospel have exerted upon the hearts and minds of the multitudes, as they have comi! and gone through all these yeare! The full results

Wyatt, and there organized Salem Chm-ch. John Denman, John Shanks, A. F. Coin, Peter Dunkin, Samuel Ai-thur, N. Stockton, William Nice and Elijah Rogers were among the constituent members, and took part in the services of the occasion, and Samuel Daniels, David Ewiug and John and Sarah Logan were received into fellowship. Samuel Ai-thur was called to the pastoral office. For a period of twelve years the meetings were held at the houses of members of the church, and at the house of William Wyatt. who was not a member. Subsequently, Alston Wyatt became a member, and his house was thereafter the place where meetings were held until his death, which occiu'red in 1869. In 1873, the society erected its present house of worship, a neat frame edifice, in which meetings have since been regularly eonducted. The church now has a membership of twenty-six. and is under the pastoral care of Rev. Hiram P. Hays.

Willi Cat IaiiIijc, No. 311, A., F. d- A. .11 - This lodge was organized in 1864 at the flouring-mill of John Adams. G. W. Long, W. L. Mabbitt. Charles N. Burns, Richard Loman, R. D. Herron. Warren Adams, I. T. Tinkle and others were the chai'ter members. The first officers were: G. W. Long, W. M. : W. L. Mabbitt, S. W.: Charles N. Burns, J. W. For three or four years after organization, the meetings were hel'd in the mill, and, at the end of that time, the order erected a lodge-room over the store occupied by J. W. Penn, at Wild Cat Post Office. Here they have met regularly twice a month ever since. The lodge has prospered fi'om its inception to the present time. Its roll of members has contained more than a hundi'ed names, at various times, but from among this number many have withdrawn to unite with and help to organize other lodges, thus reducing tha membership, but not impairing the efficiency of the lodge. Its financial condition is very encouraging, and it is in good working order. The officers for the present term (1881) are: W. H, Greathouse, W. M. ; L. B. Bowie, S" W.: W. E. Hinkle, J. W.: I. T. Tinkle, Treasurer: WaiTen Adams, Secretary: J. M. Shaffer. S. D. : M. B. Wilson, J. D.; H Milbm-n, Tiler.

Cidlcv Lodge. No. 571, I. O. O. F. - This lodge was organized at the village of Cutler on the 18th of April, 1879, and instituted by Enoch Cox, of Delphi, Grand Master. The charter members were John H. Wcodrum, John J. Weida, Moses Plank, James Walker, Dr. Andrews and W. M. Shanklin. John H. Wcodrum was the first Noble Grand of the lodge; J. J. Weida, Vice Grand; F. S. Wray, Secretary, and Moses Plank, Treasurer. The hall of the Patrons of Husbandry at Cutler became the lodge-room of this society, and was used as such until the night of August 15, 1881, when it was destroyed by fire. All the property of the lodge was destroyed, including its records and account books, hence the meager outline of its history here presented. After the fire, the next regular meeting was held in the Odd Fellows Hall, at Bringhurst, where all the meetings have since been conducted. The hall at Cutler is being rebuilt and will soon be ready for occupation. The lodge is in good working order, and its financial condition is sound, notwithstanding the loss entailed by the fire. Its officers at present are as follows: Antli-ew Jackson, N. G.: William M. Shanklin, V. G. ; T. C. Bonebrake, Secretary; George R. Qninn, Treasurer.

Trul Pursuits

within lier Ivjnlers and conducted sueop-;sfulIy. The oldest, and the one deserving the first notice, is the mill of John Adams. As stated in another pai-t of this chapter, Mr. Adams erected a sawmill on Wild Cat Creek in 1831. In 1S35, he began the erection of a flouring-mill on the same race, and completed it and put it into operation early in 1830. This was a frame building, 26x34 feet, two stories high. It contained only one run of buhi-s, upon which both corn and wheat were groimd. It has been said of the Adams Mill that it was always overcrowded with work, and often groimd day and night for several weeks in succession, during which time it-; machinery was never stopped. At the same time there was plenty of work for the saw-mill, and it was kejit in active operation until 1842 or 1843, when its machinery was removed. After o])erating his mill successfully for about nine year's. Mr. Adams began the erection of another, in 1845, better adapted to the wants of his lai-ge and increasing trade. Late in the fall of 1846. the new building was completed and its machinery set in motion: but owing to necessary additions, the new mill did not reach completion until about two years afterward. In the meantime the old mill was used to assist in grinding the grain brought there for that pm-pose, until the new one wa.s entirely completed. The Adams Mill is known as one of the best on Wild Cat. and enjoys an extensive trade. The building erected in 1845 is the present mill. It is a frame house, 45x 50 fe.^t. four stories high It has four runs of buhrs. and two turbine wheels. It is conducted as a merchant and custom mill. and has a capacity of forty barrels of floiu- daily. In 1860 or 1861. the jM-operty was pm-chased by Warren Adams, son of the original jiroprietor. by whom the business is still conducted. Attached to the flouring-raill is a saw-mill, which was erected in 1865. by the present proprietor. This mill is operated by a turbine wheel, separate from tho.se of the floui-ing-mill and working independently.

Among the early industrial enterprises was the carding-mill of Samuel Weaver. Mr. Weaver came to the township in 1835. and in the same year, or early in 1836, he inaugurated the first carding-mill in the township. For the first year his machinery was ojierated at the flom-ing-mill of John Adams. In the next year, he removed to the farm now owned and occupied by John A. Cook, near Cutler, and added the manufacture of linseed oil to his other work, finding a ready market for this product at Logansport. Delphi and La Fayette. He brought the machinery for this mill from Ohio, and. after operating it for a period of about twenty five years, sold his establishment to John Armstrong, who removed the machinery to another point. Mr. Weaver was afterward proprietor of a woolen-mill at the village of Prince William, and at various times was identified with the m;mufacturing and mercantile interests of the township. He is now engaged in agricultural pm-suits.

The first tannery in the township was located north of the present site of Cutler, near where the raih-oad makes the great cui-ve. It was founded by a Mr. Campbell, some time between 1835 and 1840. There seems to be none among the old citizens wh(j can remember precisely the date of its inception, and indeed it wa.s so small and insignificant as to appear tmimportant, even in the early day. Nearly all the settlers possessed the knowledge of tanning, and it is probable that Mi-. Campbell's enterprise did not amount to much as a soiu-ce of profit. It is said that he conducted his business on a plan similar to that employed in the grist mills, that is. when a beef was killed, and the hide brought to him to be tanned, he retained half of the latter as his

"toll." His tannery continued in operation until he sold the land upon which it was situated, after which it was abaudcmed and left to go to decay.

From early years up to the present time there have been a number of saw-mills in ojieration within the township. Many of these were " portable " mills, and were moved away after using the available timber from the several localities in which they were situated, and it would be next to impossible to trace their histoiy here.

The manufactiu'e of brick has never been an important featiu-e in the industrial history of the township, although an establishment of this kind has been conducted very successfully since 1871. In that year the Tingley brothers began the manufatm-e of brick about a mile and a half north of the village of Prince William. They conducted the business as partners until 1877, when S. M. Tingley pm-chased the interest of his brother, since which time he has been sole proprietor. He manuf^actitres an average of 220,- 000 brick per annum, selling them in the home market.

About the year 1869, Mr. Davidson erected a flouring-mill in the west part of the township, and shortly afterward associated Benjamin Gee with him as a partner. Subsequently, Mi'. Gee purchased Mr. Davidson's interest and John Chittick became a partner. Ml". Gee died, and his shai-e of the mill is now owned by his heirs, who conduct the biLsiuess with Mr. Chittick. The mill is a frame building, three stories high, and has thi-ee runs of buhl's. It is supplied with all the modern improvements, and is in all respects a fii'st-class mill.

As an agricultiu'al community. Democrat compares very favor ably with other townships of equal size and facilities. During the year 1880, there were 3,922 acres of wheat in the township, from which the yield was 62,752 bushels - an average of 16 bushels per acre. During the same period, there were 2,950 acres of corn, yielding 41,1 18 bushels: 292 acres of oats, yielding 2,920 bushels. From 686 acres of meadow, 2,029 tons of hay were gathered; 51 acres planted in Irish potatoes yielded 510 bushels, while from 1 acre planted in sweet potatoes, 22 bushels were gathered.

The principal care of the farmers in this locality is for such, staple products as can be successfully raised in this climate, and but little attention is given to the cultui'e of fruit, excepting, perhajis, the hardier varieties of apples, plums, cherries, etc.

Lexinytnii. - In October. 1835, Eli Patty entered land in the northeast part of Section 11, upon which, soon after, he founded the town of Lexington. Josiah Milner opened a stock of general merchandise, and there were the usual number of blacksmiths, carpenters and other tradesmen. Casper Orb established a tannery, and, in time, built up a good trade. J. A. Cofiiuan, E. P. Witt, Elders, Sellers and others were associated with the earlier history of the town as merchants, and shared its prosperity while it lasted. Trade came to Lexington from a circuit of many miles, but in later years other towns were founded, some of them being situated on railroads, and this one suffered the inevitable doom of a great many towns platted in pioneer days. The trade it had enjoyed was diverted into new channels, and the merchants became discouraged, and sought other locations. It is a very quiet hamlet to-day, quite devoid of the bustle and excitement of traffic. It has but one general store, of which Henry Oible is proprietor.

a fair bhare of the trade. Its jirosperity was largely increased by the construction of a plank road from Delphi to Frantfort, inasmuch as this superior road offered a premium to travel. It never aspired to metropolitan greatness, and when the plank road was suffered to go to decay in later yeai-s, and railroads superceded the old method of travel, the village natiu'ally relapsed into a quiet rm-al hamlet. It now contains one general merchandise store kept by William Nipper & Son.

Cutlet: - During the construction of the Logansport, Crawfordsville & South- Western (now Terre Haute & Logansi»rt) Railroad, John A. Cook laid out a town on the line of this road, to which he gave the name of Cutler. It has, in the meantime, developed into a flom-ishing village, and is a good business point. It contains one general merchandise store, kept by Matthew Mc- Innerney; one drug store, by Aquilla McKinney, a hotel, kept by Daniel Hostler, and a good saw-mill, owned and operated by Bonebrake & Radcliff. The practicing physicians are Drs. K. D. HeiTon, W. A. Trobaugh and C H. Lovell.

John Stephenson

The subject of this review was bom in Butler County, Ohio, on the 1st day of October, 1838, and came to Carroll County, Ind., March 16, 1864, locating on the farm in Democrat Township in which he now resides. His father, Samuel Stephenson, was a native of Lancaster County, Penii. ,and his mother, Jane (Stuart) Stephenson, was born in Biitler County, Ohio. The grandfather of John Stephenson, a native of England, was closely related to George and Robert Stephenson, the founders of the railway system of Great Britain, and the builders of the first high-speed locomotives of the standard modern type.

John Stephenson, in addition to the limited advantages of district schools when a young man, took an irregular scientific course of study at Miami University, Oxford, Ohio. Subsequently, for a number of years, he taught school in Ohio, and, after his retooval to Indiana, continued for awhile in the same laudable avocation, though bis real occupation in life, as was that of his father, has been, and still is, that of a farmer.

On the 14th of October, 1859, he was joined in marriage to Miss Nancy J. Alexander, also a native of Butler County, Ohio, born May 13, 1842, and the daughter of a farmer, Henry Alexander. Six children bless this union - William H., George, Samuel A., Darby L., John and Wayne. Mrs. Stephenson and her husband are members of the Presbyterian Church.

In 1865, ou the 3d of March, John Stephenson enlisted in Company K, One Huncb-ed and Fiftieth Regiment Indiana Volunteers, at La Fayette, Col. Marx B. Taylor commanding. Passing their time for the most part in the Shenandoah Valley, the regiment was mustered out on the 17th day of August, 1865, at Indianapolis, Ind.

In 1878, Mr. Stephenson was elected Trustee of Democrat Township, serving with fidelity and ability in this position two years. During his incumbency of this office, he established the graded school at Cutler, and built two sehoolhouses. As one of the Viewers, he has assisted in assessing the lands situated along all of the new gravel roads - Range Line, Delphi & Prince William, Flora & Michigan, and Deli^bi & Dayton -building in Carroll County.

It is sufficient to say, as evidence of Mr. Stephenson's business qualifications, that he has accumulated a body of 447 acres of valuable land in the southeastern part of the county. In his dealings with all, he is a man of the strictest probity and wholehearted honesty. All respect and praise him for his excellent qualities of heart and head.

The subject of this sketch is the present Representative of Carroll County in the Indiana Legislatm-e, having been honored with an election to that position in the fall of 1880, by the Democratic party. His father, Samuel Weaver (born November 6, 1806, in Butler County, Ohio), represented Carroll County one term in the Legislature in 1849. Subsequently, Samiael Weaver served for a period of years as a Justice of the Peace, and as Trustee of Democrat Township. He was a machinist by trade, and is still living, a hale and vigorous man, in his seventy-sixth year. The grandfather of William H. Weaver, while fighting in the Revolutionary war, lost a part of his left hand by a cutlass wielded by a British soldier. Ruth (McNeil) Weaver, mother of William H., was a native of Bedford Coimty, Penn., and was born October 15, 1809. Her death oecm-red in 1881.

The subject of this short biography was born on the 9th of June, 1832, in Butler County, Ohio. When three years of age, in September, 1835, his father removed to Carroll County, Ind., and, locating in Democrat Township, built the first woolen-mill in the county. In this factory, excepting only the time passed in district schools, working under and with his father, the boy William was reared and grew to manhood, and it was not imtil he had arrived at manhood' s years that he deserted it to engage in farming, his present successful vocation.

December 7, 1854, Mr. Weaver was maried to Miss Martha Long, of Clinton Coimty. Miss Long was one of thirteen childi-en who lived to maturity, of German-Scotch parents, who had emigrated fi-om Ohio to Indiana in 1835. To Mr. and Mrs. William H. Weaver six bright and pleasant children have been born - Addie L., Matilda J., Margaret L., James L., Effle B. and Lillie M. Mr. and Mrs. Weaver are Presbyterians.

One has but to enjoy the hospitalities for a short time of Mr. Weaver and his excellent wife to be convinced of several things, namely, that Mr. Weaver is a thoroughly systematic and intelligent farmer, and that Mrs. Weaver is a woman of rare domestic habits. In its apix)intments, improvements and general appeararise, Mr. Weaver's farm of 335 acres is certainly a model to the farmers of CaiToll County, amply testifying, also, to the business success of its owner. He is a man, socially, who speaks on all topics with becoming modesty, yet is firm and earnest in support of his convictions. Such a person cannot be otherwise than an excellent citizen and a valuable and agreeable neighbor.

Jackson lies very near the center of the coimty. It is in the I form of an irregular squai'e, being five miles wide and six miles | long. It is surrounded by the following townships: Rock Creek ! on the north, Washington and Cai-rollton on the east, Moni-oe on the south, and Deer Creek on the west. Deer Creek flows from east to west, thi-ough the central part of the township, and Bachelor's Run flows in a northwesterly direction, joining Deer Creek at a point in Section 1^. Paint Creek has its soui'ce in the eastern part of the county, and, flowing in a westerly direction, forms a confluence with Deer Creek at a point in Section 21. Besides these, there are numerous little branches, viz. : Robinson's Run, Snake Creek, Hoff's Branch, and others upon which no names have been bestowed. The township is well watered, and the character of the land is such as to afford excellent natural drainage. Between | Deer Creek and Bachelor's Rim, the siu'face presents a high plateau, quite level in some places, while in others it may be said to be almost hilly. Approaching the streams, it slopes gentl}- in ! places, while in others it terminates abruptly in bluff bailks. The i soil throughout the township is uniformly fine, and eminently adapted to the pm-poses of agriculture. This is particularly true of the lands in the iumiediate vicinity of Deer Creek and Bach- ; elor's Rim, and it was in the vicinity of these streams that the earliest settlements were made. By a singular coincidence, five unman-ied men - Moses Aldridge, Elisha Brown, Adam Porter, i Jeremiah Ballard and John Ballard - all settled along the banks of one of these streams, which circumstance gave rise to the name it now bears. In those days, maps were issued by the ofiicials of the Government Land Ofiice, as a guide to piu'chasers, and one of these was in the possession of Adam Porter on the occasion of a " log-rolling " at the fai-m of John Little, in Deer Creek Township. It was an object of interest to those present, and, as they scanned it, they noticed that quite a large stream in the present bounds of Jackson had not been named by the surveyors, while others much smaller had been, and were so marked on the map. It occurred to the gentlemen there assembled that this stream should be named, and " Uncle " John Little, who, unfortunately, was troubled with an impediment in his speech, delivered the following suggestion: " B-b-better call it B-b-bachelor's Run - there's n- nothing but old b-b-bachelors living on it, any way!" The story reached the land ofiice by some means, and perhaps from its peculiar appropriateness, the name was adopted, and on the next official maps issued, it was plainly mai-ked. and Bachelor's Run was no longer imhonored and unnamed.

While the land in this township is all high, there were places which, in the early days, were called the lowlands, from the fact that they were covered by springs, and therefore usually wet or swampy. A judicious system of artificial drainage in later years has redeemed them, and they are now equal to the best lands in the township in point of productiveness and the quality of prod-

Eakly Settlement

The public lands within the present boundaries of Jackson began to be sought by settlers as early as lfS2f), and one tract of 160 acres was entered in May, 1825. It was usual for those who contemplated a residence in these wilds to come out from their homes and select their lands. They received a certificate from the'oSicial in chai-ge of the Govei-nment Land Office, after which they usually retm-ned to their former homes to await the arrival of their patents, duly signed by the President. Often an entire year would elapse between the date of purchase and the receipt of the patent, and only rarely did the settlers locate upon their lands before receiving this important document. The lu-st white man who came to reside permanently in this township was John Odell. It was he who entered the quarter-section of land before referred to, in May, 1825. This tract was the east half of the southwest quai-ter and the west half of the southeast quarter of Section 18. It is probable that Mr. Odell came to live on his land late in the year 1825. or early in 1826, as the condition of his farm (or " improvement," as it was then called) was such as to indicate that it had been cultivated for more than a year when Adam Porter first saw it, in 1827. Mr. Odell had then raised and garnered a crop of corn. He was a native of North Carolina, but was identified with the early settlement of Wayne County, Ind., pri'ir to his removal hither. He was a ti'ue specimen of the pioneer - sturdy, honest and i ndiisti'ious, a good neighbor, and a man well liked by all who knew him. He was successful in a financial sense, and became the owner of a large landed estate, by sundry purchases and exchanges. The farm on which he first settled is now owned and occupied by Enoch Sieber. In 1851. he sold his lands and removed to Oregon, accompanied by his family, where his son, William H., became a distinguished citizen. The latter is now the editor of the Oregon Statesman, and, in the Presidential campaign of 1876, was one of the Electors on the Republican ticket. John Odell, the father, died at his Western home in the year 1870, at a ripe old age, leaving behind him the record of an honorable life and holding an honored place in the memory'of all who knew him.

Until the fall of 1826, or perhaps early in 1827, Mr. Odell and his -family were the sole white inhabitants of Jackson Township. In November, 1826, Moses Aldi-idge entered the southwest quarter of Section 19, and came to live in the township soon after. He was a young man, unmairied, and took up his abode at Odell's house while he cleared away the timber from the premises he had selected for his fann. He was a man of industrious habits, and just the one to succeed in a field wherein hard work and energy were required. During the winter of 1826-27, he cleared one acre, upon which he erected a little cabin and set out a small nursery of apple trees, from which many of the orchards now bearing fruit in the township were obtained. He was manned to Miss Harter, daughter of David Harter. and was long identified with the improvement of the township. From here he removed

Following closely upon the settlement of Mi'. Aldridge came the arrival of his former play-mate and school-fellow, Adam Porter. They had been fi'iends in boyhood, in Fayette County, Ind., and joined hands in the warfare of civilization against the wilderness in maturer years. Mr. Porter had not at that time decided to settle here. Indeed, he thought rather of locating in Cass County, and, accompanied by his friend Aldridge. went thither, in the spring of 1827, to examine land, but finally came back to this locality without purchasing. From the falls of Eel River (now Logansport). they floated down the AVabash to the mouth of Deer Creek on a raft, which they had constructed for that purpose, and, having moored their craft securely, made their way back to the settlement in this township. Subssquently, Mi-. Porter decided uopn a voyage to La Fayette, and again embarked on his raft. He made the mouth of Wild Cat Creek just as the shades of evening began to fall, and, about a mile further along he was caught in an eddy in the river, and whirled about at the mercy of the stream. His bark was unmanageable, but, fortunately, he was near the shore, upon which he sprang, walking to La Fayette. From thence he walked to Crawfordsville, where the laud office was situated, and purchased the west half of the southwest quarter of Section 20. in Jackson Township. This tract, which contained eighty acres, was purchased on the 30th of April, 1827. and on the 24th of March. 1828, Mr. Porter pui-chased the east half of the same quarter, containing the same number of acres. The patent for the former was signed by John Quincy Adams, and that for the second, by his successor, Andrew Jackson. These documents, which are still in the possession of Mr. Porter, are handsomely engro.ssed on parchment, and, to us of these later days, ai'e objects of no little cm-iosity. Mr. Porter was born in Bath County. Va., in 1805, and came to Franklin (now Fayette I County, Ind., with his parents, in 1815. At the age of twenty years, he began work as a fai-m laborer, at 88 per month, and continued until he had earned sufficient to pm-chase the land he entered in this township. After purchasing this land, he girdled, or " deadened," the trees on thirty acres of it, then went away to wait for them to die. During this time, he visited his parents, who were then living in Rush County, Ind., and afterward extended his trip to Virgiaia and Tennessee. His actual residence in Jackson Township dates from the fall of 1829, at which time he returned and began the labor of clearing his land. On the 1st of April, 1880, he married Miss Catharin", daughter of George Holman, of Richmond, Ind. This was the fii-st mar riage ceremony ever celebrated in Jackson Township,* and, in the absence of a clergyman, John Carey, who was then Judge of the Carroll Probate Coui-t, officiated. For half a century, this devoted couple were spared to each other, bearing their mutual burdens and sharing the worldly prosperity that crowned their mutual labors. On the 1st of April, 1880, they celebrated the fiftieth anni\erHary of a happy wedded life, and, in August of the same year, the golden chain was severed by the death of the wife, lay fairly bo called the advance corps to witness the I one of the tew

Mr. Porter alone, of what of the pioneers in this township, now changes wrought in fifty years, and his farm whose boundaries remain precisely as described pa{?!ut. The house in which he now lives win and \h<- brick of which it is constructed were iiij

David Harter was prominent as one of the early settlers, his I family being the second in the township. He located here in I 1827, and purchased several hundred acres of land. He belonged to the austere sect of German Baptists, and consequently never I served in any official positions. Yet he was a prominent citizen, and did as uiuch, perhaps, for the public good of the township as any of its settlers. He was enterprising and industrious, and, in

I another topic in this chapter. He possessed the good will and confidence of all, and was associated with the development and improvement of the township until his decease.

' 1828, by Samuel Hilton. Of this gentleman, however, little is known, as he did not identify himself to any great extent with the settleinent, and, in about a year after his arrival, sold his land to William Hance, who came here with his family in 1828. Mr. Hance was a prominent member of this community, and was afterward actively identified with the interests of Carroll County, in the capacity of County Commissioner. He erected the fii-st brick house in Jackson Township, and occupied it as a residence until his death. This house is now occupied by his wife, who still survives. Mr. Hance was a good citizen in the fullest sense of that term, and reared a family whose members are now among the honored citizens of the community. His son. John P., who was one of the first white children born in this township, grew to manhood here, and served faithfully for two terms as Treasurer of Carroll County.

In the fall of 1829, the scanty population of the litlte settlement received an addition to its numbers by the arrival of two families. These were the families of John Lenon and William Armstrong, both formerly of Ohio. They reached the township on the 21st day of October, when Mr. Lenon stopped at the house of William Hance, while Mr. Armstrong stopped with John Odell, j operating this mill for about four years, ho sold it to David Fisher, and again located in Section 14. where he cultivated a farm until his death.

William Ai'mstrong, a native of Virginia, removed to Wayne County, Ind., in 1819. He was married there, and, in 1825, removed to Miami County, Ohio, where he remained until he ac-

' compauied his friend Lenon to Jackson Township. After remain ing for a year with his cousin, Mr. Odell, he entered a tract of land two and a half miles southeast of Camden, and was the first white settler between Deer Creek and Paint Creek. He cleared and improved a farm, and wa.s engaged in agricultural piu-suits

I until his death, which occurred in 18()9. Mr. Armsti'ong was particularly the friend of public education, and was one of those who voted for the establishment of the first fi-eo school in the township as early as the year 1831, and lent his encouragement to th(> public school system in many substantial ways. He was always recognized as a good citizen, and his death was deplored by many. There wore foiu- children in his family when he cain(> to this township. The eldest, Franklin (i., is now a practicing physician at Camden: James H., the second son, was a soldier in the Mexican war, and ilietl in the service of the United States, on the Eio Grande; Nancy A. mai-ried David Fisher, of Jackson Township, and died in 1S51: and Stephen G.. the voiuigest of the family, died in the same yeai'.

Among the earlier settlers of the township was Peter Replogel. On the ISth of November, IS'iO, he entered the east half of the southeast quai-ter of Section 21, and subsequently added other tracts, until his possessions in this township amounted to several hundred acres. He came here to live probably about the yeiff 1828. and was always an enterprising, industrious citizen, and was identified with the interests of the township for a number of years. In 1832, he erected a saw-mill on Deer Creek, which was one of the first of its kind in the township.

Philip Hewitt settled in Section 20 in 1828, and in 1829 erected a little mill for gi'inding corn. He died a short time afterwiU'd. Johnson Eai-uest came some time prior to 1830, and. within a short time after his arrival, erected a tannery, which was conducted with more or less profit to its proprietor until it was worn out and finally abandoned.

Levi Cline, with his family, came from Kentucky in 1830, and settled upon a tract of land in Section 15, which he had pm-- chased in December of the jireceding year. He cleai-ed and improved a farm, upon which he resided imtil death, honored and respected by all.

James and William Martin came to the town.ship about 1832. The land upon which James located was the southeast quarter of Section 10, and was entered (or purchased) at the Government Land Office October 25. 1830. On the 3d of September, 1831. William purchased the southwest quarter of the northwest quarter of Section 24. and subsequently pm'chased other tracts in various portions of the township.

In 1833, Jacob Humrickhouse came to the township with his family. He was a Virginian by birth, but was one of the pioneers of Fairfield County, Ohio. He was a clever, good-hearted man, but was never successful as a money-maker - at least, in his younger days. Later in life, however, he succeeded in acoumulating some property, and, at the time of his death, owned a fine farm in Miami County. Ind.. valued at 8-1,000. He first came to Carroll County in 1829, and, after residing for four years at Delphi, he rented the Jonathan Martin farm, near Camden, and, several years later, pmchased the farm in Section 10, where his son, John L., now lives. Mr. Hmui'ickhouse was a veteran of the war of 1812, having served under Geu. Hanison in his campaigns during that war. He was a man of more than ordinary ability, and was for several years a Justice of the Peace. He died in October, 1871, at the age of eightj'three years.

We have now reached a period when the settlement of Jackson had become an established fact, and great progress had been made in her advance to the position of an agricultural commu nity. Within this period, she had become an independent town ship by an order of the Comity Commissioners, and a civil gov ermnent had been established. Other families continued to ar rive every season, and, while they were gladly hailed as neigh bore, their advent was not marked by that peculiar joy with which the immigrants of an earlier day were greeted. By 1830, the public lands in the township had all been taken up, by actual settlers and by speculators, and beyond that date, in the absence of records, it is difficult to continue the list of arrivals. In the following list of pm-chasers of land in the township, it was found impossible to distinguish between actual settlers and speculators with any degree of accuracy: and while many of the names which a[)pear are those of jjersons who were not identified with the I township, the majority are those of residents within its boundar- { ies, who bore a full share of the hardships and privations incident I to pioneer life, and put their shoulders bravely to the wheel in the labor of clearing away the timber and developing the re I sources of the township. The following is the list, taken from the tract book now in the County Auditor's office, and showing by whom each tract of Government land in the township was purchased :

By an act of the County Commissioners at the session of August, 1830, Jackson became a civil township, and from the ten-itory established as its boundiiries have since been formed four other townships. By this board it was ordered that the new township should be contained within the following bounds, to wit: "Commencing at the northeast comer of Section 15, Town 25 north, Range 1 east; thence west to the northwest corner of Section 18, Town 25 north. Range 1 west; thence south to the south boundary of Carroll County; thence east with the county line to the eastern boundai'y of said county; thence north to the place of beginning." The first step toward the establishment of a civil government in the township was the appointment of two local officers by the board - Moses Aldridge as Inspector of Elections, and James Aldridge as Constable. The first election for township officers was held at the house of Enoch Aldridge. on the third Monday of October, 1830. The following list comprises the names of the jirincipal officers of the township from its organization to the present time:

Justices Of The Peace

It is a fact very much to the credit of Jackson's early settlers, that they turned their attention to the subject of education almost as soon as they had selected their homes. Lof^ schoolhouses appearetl almost simultaneously with the log dwelliuu;s of the pioneers, as each locality became populated and there were children to attend school. In pt)int of merit, these schools were not. per= haps, superior to the usual rule in pioneer days - that is. their t«achers were not more learned than the average pedagogue: but there seemed a sense of pride in the construction of the buildings. While in other localities we are told that the light was admitted through strips of greased paper, it is said of the first Kcboolhousp in this township that it had glass windows, and was built of hewed logs. This building stood on the farm of John t)dell. and was erected in the year l<S;-i(>. It stood on or near the present site of Nebo Methodist Episcopal Church, and was often occupied f or religit>us purposes. George C. Sanderson was employed as its teacher, and was identified with it in that capacity for several terms. The school was sujjported by subscription, and munbered among its patrons nearly all the residents of the townshij) at that time - at least all who were heads of families. It continued to serve the purpose for which it was erected until it was worn out and succeeded by a better structure. In 1S32. a similar building was erected on a lot donated by Jeremiah Ballai'd. containing ime acre. To extend the room. Ziba Holt purchased one and a half acres and added it to the dimensi<ms of this lot. The school was conducted on the usual plan of subscription, tuition being paid by those whose children attended.

As early as INJil. the manner of conducting the public schools became systematized by the action of the Board of Trustees, and in that year the township was divided intt) school districts, at a meeting of the board held on the Sth of October, at the house of George Julian. Immediately after this, it was proposed by some of the more enthusiastic friends of public education to establish free schools. William Armstrong was one of the most active friends of this measiu-e. and did more, perhaps, for its success than any one else. A meeting of the voters was called for the 2'2d of October. 1881. to decide the (piestion whether a fund should be raised by taxation for the maintenance of a free school for a term of three months. On the appointed day, the voters of the district assembled, and every one voted in the affirmative. The example set in this district ( No. 1 ) seemed to excite a spirit of emulation in the surrounding districts, and elections were called at various times to decide the question of the establishment of free schools. In only one distriet was the measure defeated, all the others voting cheerfully for the levy of a tax to sustain an institution of learning in their midst.

The school in Disti-ict No. 1 was the first of its kind in the township, and. as the first free school, deserves special mention. Its architecture was not of a nature to distingiiish it from the usual order of backwoods schoolhouses, except that it was built of hewed logs. It had a tire- place extending nearly across one end of the building, large enough to take in gi-eat logs of wood.

Its teacher was Royal Grosvenor, a man of tine ability as compared with the average school-teacher of that period. Among its pupils were the sons of six neighboring farmers - William Armstrong. William Wright, Enoch McFarland, Levi Oline. John Lenon, William Wright and William Hance - and all of these boys afterward occupied public positions of honor and trust. Franklin G. Ai-mstroug was a member of the Indiana

State Senate from ISOG to ISlii); A. P. McFarland was a member of the General Assembly of Indiana in the se.ssion of 1871-72; Josejih D. Hance was Sheriff of Allen Coimty, Ind., and died before the exi>iration of his second term; James Cline served as Sheriff of Guthrie County, Iowa; John Lenon, Jr., served two terms as Sheriff of Carroll County, Ind., and is now a ])rominent grain-dealer at Delphi ; Henry M. Wright served one term as Sheriff of Carroll County; was afterward elected Auditor, and died in office; and John P. Hance served as Treasurer of Carroll County for two terms.

In 1838. Aaron Cline donated a lot in this district, upon which it was decided, at a meeting of the fi-eeholders. to erect a schoolhouse. This was the successor to the old log house. and the former building was abandoned. There is but little viiriety in the history of other schoolhouses in the township. They appeared one by one. in various localities. t6 serve their purpose for awhile and then be abandoned. By the law of 1851-52, the establishment of free schools became incumbent upon the people, and their history is one of progress from that time forth. A condensed report of the condition of the schools in this township is given by the Trustee, as follows: There ai'e in the township nine districts in which school is taught, the estimated value of schoolhouses, grounds and apparatus being $10,200. There are twelve teachers employed in the township, the average daily compensation for male teachers being $2.87, and for females, $1.75. Dm-ing the school yearof 1880-81, there was an average attendance of 295 pupils, out of a total enrollment of 419. The tinancial rei)ort of the Trustee, in relation to the schools, is as follows :

The German Baptist Church. - As early as 1829, the members of this denomination met occasionally to hear the Gospel preached, in the barn or at the house of one of their nmnber. Peter Iman. who settled in the township in that year, was probably the fu-st preacher. The organization of the society was accomplished almost imperceptibly, and without formality, so that it is difficult to assign that event to any particular date. Prior to the year 1831, the meetings had been held only at irregultr intervals, but in that year Mr. Iman began to condiTct religious services on every alternate Sunday, sometimes at his own house, and often at the houses of other members of the society. Private dwellings continued to be the places for holding services for a number of years thereafter, or until the year 1853. In that year, John Musselman, a Deacon of the church, donated a lot for a building site, upon which, before the close of the year, they erected a frame house of worship. This church is situated about two miles southeast of Camden, and services have been held within its walls ever since its completion. It has at present a membership of about seventy-five persons, and Henry Gish, John Shively, Henry Metzger and John Musselman are the officiating Elders.

The Cumber land Presbyterian Church. - About the year 1830, services were conducted by Rev. John P. Hay, a minister of this denomination, at the house of James Aldridge. This may be fairly regarded as the period of organization, inasmuch as the meetings were regularly continued thereafter. The schoolhouse previously referred to. on the John Odell farm, became the sanctuary of this congregation, and as such was used for several years. Subsequently, the meetings were held at the homes of members of the church, and at other times in the groves. The latter was the case when revival meetings were in progress, at which times ministers from various parts of the State were present, to aid in the work of the local pastor. These meetings usually ultimated in numerous conversions aud large accessions to the membership. About the year 1834, a log church was erected on property now owned by Dr. Carter, in the town of Camden, and just north of the present Lutheran Chiu-oh. In this building their services were held until 1S44 or 1845, when they erected their present house of worship. The latter is a frame building, situated near the center of Camden, on Main street, and on a lot donated for the purpose by Alexander Sanderson. The church now has a membership of over forty persons, and is under the pastoral care of Rev. Hawkins.

Mebu Methodist Episcopal Church. - In 1830 or 1831, Rev! Vredeuburg held services in the sehoolliouse on the Odell farm, but it does not a])pear that there was. at llml .'jirly date, any regularly organized class, although mectin-, w.iv ImI.I with parative regulai-ity from the first. Slim-tly ait.iward. however (perhai)s in 1833), a class was organized, numbering among its constituent members John Odell and wife, Elizabeth Angoll, Thomas Sterling and wife, and others whose names cannot now be learned. Rov. Henry Buell was the pastor under whom the organization was effected, and the class was visited by him once in iwery foiu- weeks thereafter, on which occasions he preached in the schoolhouse. In 1848, at a meeting of the class, it was deeided iio erect a house of worship on the lot set ajim't by John Odell for school purposes, and before the close of that yoiU", thoy had comiiji-ted a frame? church, 30x40 feet, which was dedicated l)y Rev. John W. Parks, the pastor in charge of the circuit at that time. For many years, this class had a large i but deaths and removals in later times so reduced its numbers that its existence now is only nominal, and the chiu'ch has not been occupied for several years, except by the German Baptists, who hold occasional meetings there.

The Camden Metliodist Episcopal Chi(rcli. - The Methodists organized a class at Camden about the year 1846. The members who constituted this organization had formerly been connected with two other classes, in opposite (juarters of the township, viz. : The Sterling (or Nebo) Class, in the western part, and the Lake Class, in the eastern. The class at Camden was incorporated into the Delphi Circuit, and Eli Rogers appointed class-leader. A log building which had been erected for a schoolhouse, on the farm of Jonathan Martin, was occupied by them for church purposes until 1853 or 1854. At that time, a lot was donated by Charles Jones, a local preacher and member of the class, upon which a plain frame house of worshij) was erected. In 1869, this building was removed to its present location, on Church street, where services are now conducted eveiy Sunday by Res. Mr. Mor rison, the present pastor. The church now has a membership of more than eighty persons, and a prosperous Sunday school. j Paint Creeic Predestinarian BaptiM Church. - In 1831 or

' 1832, a Baptist Church was constituted near Paint Creek, and i within a short timo a hewed log hoTise was erected, to which I was given the name of Paint Creek Chm-ch. It was also known as Paint Creek Schoolhouse. as it was used during the week days of winter for school purposes. Religious meetings were held in this building until it became too old for further use. In 1853, they erected their present house of worship, a substantial frame building. The present church stands near the site of the old log structure ot other days. The society has prospered since its organization, and is still in a spiritually healthy condition.

The Camden. Baptist Church. - In Mai'ch, 1834, six members of the Baptist denomination met at the tavern in the old town of Tiptonsport, in Rock Creek Township, and foi-med themselves into an organization, under the leadership of Rev. William Reese. These persons were Enoch Stansell and wife, David Williamson and wife, and David -Louks and wife. Once every month they met at the tavern for wor.ship, receiving accessions to their number from time to time. At a later date, the houseof David Will iamson became the place for holding meetings, and subsequently the society transferred its identity to Camden, then recently laid out. The schoolhouse on the Jonathan Martin land was their place of woship until 1844, when a lot was donated in Camden, by John S. Counts, upon which a frame church was erected in the same year. In this they worshiped until the present year 11881). Dr. F. G. Ai-mstrong donated a lot at the eastern extremity of the town, upon which was completed a very handsome brick church. 38x70 feet, which was dedicated on Sunday, August 21, 1881, by Rev. I. N. Clark, of Indianapolis. The church now has a membership of 100, and is under the pastoral care of Rev. P. Me Dade. Among the ministers who have been identified with it in the' i)ast are the Revs. Reese, Moore, Dunlap, Waters, Dunham, Bland, Blodgott. Rohb, Harper, Stewm-t, Stephens and Craig

St. Peter's liram/elical Lutlwran CImrrh.- On the 22d of August, 1846, an organization was effected by the Lutherans at Camden, under Rov. S. McRoynolds, with twenty- tour constitu ent members, viz.: George Plank, Catherine Plank, Samuel B. Walters, Lucy A. Walters, Jacob C. Plank, Sarah Plank, Jesse Thomas, Rebecca Thomas, Henry Plank, Magdaline Phmk, Jacob Wolf, Barbara Wolf, John H Plank, Anna Plank, Moses Plank,

Eliza Plank, Abraham Bii'scckor. W-ttyr 15. Rice. Abraham Thomas, Lydia Thomas, William Plank, Martha Plank, Mrs. Catharinp McCormack and Caroline Plank. The organization was comiJptod by the election of George Plank and Samuel B. VValtersi Eldea-s: Jacob C. Plank and John H. Plank, Deacons: and George Plank, Jesse Thomas and Moses Plank. Trustees. '

For two years after organization, they met at temi)orury places, and, in bSLS, erected their first house of worship, a small and unpretentious stnict)u*e. This was used by them on occasions of public service until the year 1)S78, when they erected their jiresent handsome church edifice, at a cost of $S,(X)().

Rev. S. McKeynolds entered upon his duties as pastor of the church iu 1840, and resigned May 28, 1855. He was succeeded, in October, 185(), by Rev. D. Smith, who served one year Rev. L. L. Bonnell succeeded him. and resigned in February, 1858. Rev. S. P. Snyder, the f oiu-th pastor of the church, took charge October I. 1858. and religued September 15, 1807. He was succeeded by Rev. J. M. L Kunkleman, who served about twenty months, and Rev. J. \\'. Elser, his successor, served for an equal period. Rev. S. ]>. Hyuiau entered upon his duties as pastor May 1, ISOy, and. owing to ill health, resigned the same year. His successor, Rev. J. L. Guard, took i>astoral charge of the church June 12. 1870, and served in this relation until the division of the charge, in 1878. when he resigned to take charge of the eastern division. Rev. A. -!. B. Kast succeeded him June 9. "1878. and had charge of the church for one year, at the end of which time he resigned. Rev. G L. Schafer succeeded him in June, 187'J, and resigned August I, 1881. Rev. D. H. Snowden is the present dastor.

From this church have emanated six other Lutheran organizations in this and adjoining counties. In 1857, its congregation numbered 121 members: but about that time, a number of these withch-ew to organize St. Luie's congregation, about seven miles southeast of Camden. Shortly afterward. Mount Pisgah congregation was organized, and its members came chiefly from St. Peter' s Clhurch. Thus, from time to time, its membership has been reduced by this means, but the church still has a large memhershi)!. and is in a pros])i j night of December 2. ISS-t, by District Deputy Grand Master I James H. Stewart. There were five charter members, viz. : Matti hew Rogers. James B. Newton. Jonathan Martin. N. M. Ridge- ] way and .James L. Kerlin. Matthew Rogers was elected Noble I Grand; Jame.s L. Kerlin, Vice Grand; and James B. Newton, Secretary. The eaidy meetings of the lodge were held in the sec- I ond story of a building on Main street, in the lower room of i which Thompson Cline kept a grocery. About the year 1858, they added a third stoiy to the township school building, in j which they had their lodge room until 1875. In that year, they erected a large, two-story frame building at Camden, in the second story of which the regular weekly meetings are now held. The lodge is in excellent working order and good financial con- I ditiou. The present officers are: Rol)ert Kennett, N. G. : Ste- ; phen Kleckuer, V. G. ; William Steel, Secretary: John L. Har- ! rison. P. S. : Enoch McFarland. Treasurer.

Seven petitions for membership wore received. These were referred to a committee, who immediately returned a favorable report, and the candidates were admitted and instructed in the degrees. This gave the Encamjiment fourteen working members to stiu-t with, and, notwithstanding the fact that it has labored under many disadvantages, with but a limited teiritory in which to work, its membership has gradually increased, and it is now without doubt one of the best working Encampments in the State: its members are solid and its financial condition is good. The present officers are: J. D. Carter. C. P.: A. Briggs, S. W.. Robert Miller. J. W.; E. A. McFarland. H. P.: C. Camp. Scribe; ^ViIliam Klepinger, Treasurer.

Moinif Ziiii, Lodge. Ao. 2//. .1.. /''. <l- .1. .1/., was organized July yo, 1856. and worked under dispensation until May"27, 1857, at which time it received a charter, duly signed by the Grand Master of the State. George Kuns, James M. Sterratt, James M. Justice, Cornelius Conover, James R. Laird, Andrew Robinson, John B. Kane, C. P. Freeman, William Wright, William Armstrong and L. G. Patterson were the charter members. The first officers were: George Kuns, W. M.: J. M. Justice, S. W.; L. G. Patterson, J. W. In 1875, the lodge erected a twostory frame building on Main street, at a cost of $1,750. in which they have a neat and commodious lodge room. This lodge is in fine working order, and enjoys a high reputation in Masonic circle.s. The officers for the present term (1881) are: J. P. Hance. W. M.; E. W. Humrickhouse, S. W. : M. M. Lenon, J. W.; E. C. Rice, Treasiu-er; W. K. Shank, Secretary; L. Lenoii, S. D.: William Mnsselman. .1. D.; J. M. Bryant, Tiler.

Industrial Pursuits

The gi-eat fertility of the soil has rendered agricultural pin-- suits the chief feature among the industrial enterprises of the township. In 1880, there were 2.427 acres of wheat sown, which yielded 61,080 bushels, or an average of about twenty-five bushels per acre. In the same year, there were 2,504 acres of com, yielding 04,100 liushels, and 640 acres of oats, from which the yield was 10,150 bushels. From 635 acres of meadow, 952 tons of hay were gathered, and 43 acres in Irish potatoes yielded 1,075 bushels. Fruit is but little cultivated, excepting apples, which form a staple ai-ticle of trade, and are successfully grown. The inclemency and irregularity of the climate has had the effect of discouraging efforts to cultivate the peach, or other fruits of a like nature, although this fruit was cultivated in earlier years with a fair degree of success.

While agriculture has always been the leading iiidustrial feature, there have been numerous mills in the township at various times, and all the trades have had their representatives here. One of the wants most felt in a new settlement is the necessity of a mill for gi-inding the grain wherewith to prepai'e the food of the settler. The establishment of such an institution in this township was. therefore, an event of very early occiu'rence; antl.

although the " mill " was a contrivance at which we would be tempted to laugh, in these days of improvement and perfect machinery, it served a good purpose in its day, and played no small part in keeping the gaunt wolf at bay in many a pioneer home. The mill in question was what was known to o\\r early settlers as a " corn-cracker." and was operated at the farm of Philip Hewitt, on Bachelor's Run. It was constructed by him in 1828 or 1829, and operated until his death, a few years later, when it passed to other hands, and finally out of existence, upon the estaljlishmeut of superior mills. It consisted of two stones taken from the creek, and dressed down into the semblance of bvihi-s. It would grind four or five bushels of corn a day. and merely cracked the grains as they passed between the stones. The peculiar appropriateness of the name " corn-cracker " was appreciated by all who were compelled to eat the corn bread made from the meal prepared by it We may form some idea of its magnitude from an incident related of William Armstrong. Shortly after his settlement here, he went to the mill with a sack of corn, and waited for the process of gi'inding to be completed. He watched it with interest until the corn was ground, then asked the proprietor if he might not take the mill home with him. explaining that he would like to show it to the children.

In 1829. a saw-mill was built by Samuel Wise, at the mouth of Bachelor's Run. It was supplied with the best machinery in use at that day. and its proprietor transacted an extensive and lucrative business until death. It then passed to his son. David, who remodeled it and operated it until a few years ago.

Probably the next mill, and certainly the first one of any importance in the township, was that erected by David Harter in 18;'.2. It was located on the bank of Bachelor's Run. from which stream it received its motive power, and was the first mill in the township that ground wheat. It was a good mill, and proved, at the same time, a source of jirofit to its proprietor and an indispensable convenience to its patrons. Mr. Harter continued to operate the mill until his death, after which it passed to the hands of various owners, and was finally destroyed by fire.

In 1881 or 1832, a sawmill was erected by Peter Replogle. at his farm on Deer Creek. He operated it successfully for awhile, then sold to John E. Snoeberger. from whom the establishment passed to the ownership of Daniel and James McCain. In 1841. the Messrs. McCain erected a fine frame flouring-mill on this site, of which Adam Porter is now the [proprietor. Johnson Earnest purchased the interest of Daniel McCain, while Adam Porter purchased the interest of James McCain, in 1850. At a later date, Mr. Porter purchased the interest of his associate, Mr. Earnest, and has since been sole proprietor df the mill. It is a large frame building, three stories above the basement, and supplied with three runs of buhrs.

In IS:U. John Lonon built a little " corn -cracker " at his farm on Deer Creek. This mill was subsefjuently remodeled by him, and BUj)plied with a run of biihrs for grinding wheat. He operated it successfully for about four years, at the end of which time ho sold it to David Fisher, by whom it was ojjcrated for more than twenty-five years. From Mr. P''isher. it passed to the ownership of Furry & Byram. and from them to Matthew Obenchain, by whoso hoirs it is .still owned. The building has been remodeled, and only a part of the original frame is now standing. During the winter of 1880-81. the dam was broken by the ice, and the mill has since been ino])erative.

About the year 1840, Miles Goodwin erected a sawmill on Bachelor's Run, east of the Harter Mill, and operated it for up- ; ward of thirty years. It passed through the hands of various owners, the lasf of whom was Eli Huif. It had outlived its usefulness, and was consequently abandoned. In 1840, a saw-mill was erected on the same stream, by Charles A. Bowman, which was operated sTiccessfully until a few years ago. It is not now in operation.

In 1839 or 1840, a woolen-mill was erected on Deer Creek, by John Musselman, and Andi-ew Robeson supplied it with the necessaiy machinery for fulling, carding and cloth -dressing. Thus. Miisselman owned the mill site and water-power, while Robeson owned the jnachinery. Enoch McFarland purchased the : machinery and leased the mill in 1841. and during the next three years it was o))erated by him. Subsequently, Mr. McFarland and his son, PeiTy, erected the building now known as the Leonard Plouring-Mill, in which they conducted a woolen-mill tor about six years. Perry sold his interest to his father, who began to convert it into a grist-mill, but sold out to the Dillen brothei-s before completing this change. They completed the work, and it has since been operated as a flouring-mill. It is a large frame building, three stories and basement, and has two runs of buhrs. The mill was operated for a few years by the Messrs. Dillen, and passed from them to the' hands of Nathaniel Leonard, its present proprietor.

In 1848 or 1849, a saw-mill was erected by Jacob Plank and Jacob Shoe, a half-mile southeast of Camden, on Deer Creek_ About four years later, they sold it to Joseph Bridge, from whom it passed to A. P. McFarland. Mr. McFarland operated it tor eight years, after which it was abandoned.

At the present time, there are four saw-mills in operation in the to\vnship - one, owned by Mr. Harter, in situated in the southern part of the townshi]), near the Delphi & Burlington road, and operated by water from Bachelor's Run. There are two mills at Camden. The planing-mill and saw-mill operated by John W. Koontz was erected by him in 1878, at the northwest part of town, and has been in successful operation ever since. The otheimill is operated by Goldsmith & Humrickhouse, and is situated in the northeastern part of Camden. It was completed in the summer of the present year (1881). The fourth is situated in the southeastern part of the township, and is owned and operated by Noah Frick.

The Camden E.rj>osi1.or. - This paper entered upon its career with the year 1880, its first number having been issued on the 8th day of Januju-y of that year. Dr. J. D. Carter was its founder, and continued to be its editor and proprietor for about tornmonths, at the end of which time he sold the paper, jiresses and good will to Zoj)har Hunt, the present proprietor. The Rxjionifor is a neat, well-printed, seven-cohunn folio, and is issued on Thurs day of each week. In politics, it supports the doctrines and principles maintained by the Republican party, while not aggi-essive or intolerant in its opinions. As a medium of news, it sh)) plies a long-felt need in this community, and the extended circulation and liberal jiatronage it enjoys seem to assure its standing as one of the ])ermanout institutions of Camden. Its editor, Mr. Hunt, is well known throughout the editorial fraternity of the State, from his long association with the Logans|iort (Ind.) ./"«)- rial, and the La Fayette (Ind.) Courier.

Grain Dealers

Shortly after the completion of the Logansport. Crawfordsvilh' Ik South- Western Railway. Messrs. Dillen & Lenon embiirked | in the grain trade at Camden, and erected a wai-ehouse near the ] railroad at tlie east end of town. In 1871 or 1872. a warehouse | was erected by A. J. Thomas, at a cost of about S2.000. Both | houses were subsecjuently destroyed by fire, and in 1875 the grain I business of the town was consolidated by the purchase of the ! trade of both lirms by Ray & Rice. The centi-al location of Cam- I den. and its consecjuent accessibility from all pai'ts of the county, have given it prominence as a shipping- point, and the grain ti-ade here has develo|ied into an enterprise of mgniticent jiroportions.

Dm-ing the season of 1880, Messrs. Ray & Rice shipped - from this point fully lOO.OOO bushels of grain. They have an i elevator at the east end of town, and on the line of the railroad, which is supplied with all the modern conveniences and improve- 1 lueuts. and has a storage capacity of 20.(100 bushels.

The Camden Bank was founded in 1867 by A. J. Thomas i and E. C. Rice, under ihe firm name of Thomas & Rice. After the death of Mr. Thomas, in 1875. the business was conducted by I Mr. Rice for about a year, when Philip Ray succeeded Mi'. Thomas in the firm. Since then, the business has been conducted | imder the firm name of Ray & Rice. The Camden Bank is a pri- I vate institution, with ample capital and resources, and is engaged in the transaction of a general discount, exchange and deposit j business. Its proprietors are competent business men. and enjoy ! the utmost confidence of the ]ieople. to whom their bank has ]iroved a great convenience and a valuable institution.

The Village Of Camden

The sixteenth section of every township was reserved by Congress as the property of the schools, and not subject to entry like other portions of the public lands. The charge of this section was intiTisted to a Schoul Commissioner, who was empowered to sell land therein contained, while the money thus realized was devoted to the support of the schools. By reference to the map, it will be seen that Camden occupies a portion of this, the "school section," in Jackson Township. In 1833, this section was sold for less than $1,500, and sixteen acres were reserved by the Commissioner for the purpose of laying out a town plat, to which was \ given the name of Camden, Additions were made at a later date, ' extending the boundaries of the town, and other streets than the ] single one first laid out apjieared appeared in response to the recjuirements of the town in its growth, Camden now has a population <>f upward of six hundred souls, and is in all respects a flourishing town. Its business houses are well appointed, and its merchants carry large and well-selected stocks, and, in the amount of business transacted annually, Camden is stu'passed, perhaps, by no town in the county, save Delphi. The followingnamed firms constitute the business and professional part of the population; Steele & Son, J, F, Taylor and the Dillen Brothers j are dealers in general merchandise: L, D. Crooks & Co. and John Turner deal in groceries; Klepinger tt McFarland and A. ! A. McKinney are the proprietors of drug stores; David Kingery I is the proi^rietor of a hardware store: James Wallace has a hardware and tin store; Ray & Rice are bankers and dealers in agricultural implements: Samuel Lenon is the proprietor of the village hotel: Peter Baker is a fiu-niture dealer and undertaker; Mrs. Fearnot has a millinery and notion store; Janios Bryant is the village tailor; William Eschker is the shoemaker: Kuns & McFarland are the proprietors of the meat market; Is;iiah Budd and M. H. Wood are engaged in the manufacture and repair of wagons and cari'iages: John Oroninger, Joseph Peck and Thomas Mills are blacksmiths; and W. H. Bowdle is the )>ro|)rietor of the livery stable; Dr. F. G. Armstrong, Dr. W . P. Youkey, Dr. 10. W. Armstrong and Dr. Charles Camp are tlie practicing phy sicians.

Camden, as it appeared in 1837, gave but a faint promise of ever becoming the town it is to day. A public road (now Main street) was laid out from east to west through the center of the town plat, and this road, it is said, was only a wagon-track, '.yith the brush and undergrowth expending thick on l)oth sides of it, "At that time," says Jacob Plank, "there were but five houses in the village. One of these, a little log cabin, stood on the present site of Philip Ray's residence, and was occu]>ied by a Mr. Woodman, who had a small stock of goods there. The four other houses were dwellings, and all but one were log buildings." Just east of town (but now within the corporate limits) stood a double log house, occupied by Jonathan Martin. Mr, Martin was one of the original pm-chasers of land in this section when it was sold, and also owned several town lots. From the land he purchased he donated an acre or an acre and a half for cemetery and church purposes. Upon this, a few years later, a frame chm-ch was erected by the Associate Reformed denomination. This society had a prosperous existence imtil some time dm-ing the late war, when it became disorganized, and has not since been represented by a church in the township. On the corner of the cemetery lot, a frame school house was erected in 1835, and occupied for school purposes for about twenty years. The cemetery is still in use. and within this inclosure repose many who bore a conspicuous part in the ilevelopment of the township and village.

The first store in Camden was kept by \N'illiam Crooks, in a little log Ijuilding on the present site of Philip Ray's residence. He remained but a short time. and. it is believed, went to Del phi. A little later. Cleaver & McCurdy opened a store on the corner now occupied by Peter Baker's residence. A German by the name of Bai'th kept store here at an early day, but only remained a short time. Mi'. Rankin raid Andi'ew McDonald were also among the early merchants. Jesse Dillen -has been associated with the mercantile interests of the town longer than any merchant now in business here. He was a clerk in the store of Matthew Rogere in 18-t6, and became his successor in business. The house in which his store is situated was built by Mr. Rogers in 1851.

Dr. James M. Justice, now a prominent physician of Logansport. Ind., located at Camden when a young man, and was the first physician in the village. Some yeai's later, he sold his practice to Dr. L. Snyder, and removed to Connersville, Ind., and subsequently to Logansport,

James R, Laird built a tavern at the west end of Main street soon after the town was laid out. The building is still standing, but has not been used as a tavern for a number of years. The hotel now kept by Samuel Lenon was erected in 1 850 by Jonathan Martin, who conducted it for a short time, and afterward rented it to Mr. Ridgeway. It was subsequently used for a bus iness house, but was purchased, in 1865. by Samuel Lenon, who again converted it into a hotel.

Andrew Kobkson

ANDREW KOBKSON. Andrew Robeson was burn December 21. IS15, in Huntington County. Penn. His father. Andrew Robeson, Sr. . was born and reared in Adams County. Penn. . and mamed Miss Rosamond Denison. a lady of Irish nativity, who emigrated to the United States with her parents when she was about five years of age. The elder Bobesonwas the jToprietor of a cotton and woolen mill in Adams Coimty. and. after his removal to Huntington County, continued the same line of occujjation. in connection with agricultural pm-suits. He died in the latter county at the age of eighty-two years.

His son Andrew, the subject of this biography, enjoyed, in early life, such educational advantages as were afforded by the local subscription schools, which he attended diu-ing the winter. During the remainder of the year, he was emjiloyed in his father's mill or on the home farm. He remained a home until twenty years of age. then went to FranJistown, Penn. . where he was emjiloyed as clerk in a store. While thus engaged, he was man-ied. on the (ith day of JUareh. 1835. to Miss Nancy Stombaugh. and. in the following May. started with his bride for Indiana. They stopped, en route, with relatives in Ohio, arriving at La Fayette. Ind. . on the 6th of June. From Frankstown to Johnstown. Penn. , their route was over an old-fashioned " portable-railroad." the trains being drawn up the mountainsides by .stationary engines, and left to run down by gravity. From Johnstown to Pittsburgh they traveled by canal; thence down the Ohio River to Cincinnati : from Cincinnati, to Dayton. Ohio. by canal: and from there to Terre Haute. Ind.. by stage. From Terre Haute they came to La Fayette by one of the steamers then |)lying the Wabash. Remaining at La Fayette overnight, they went, the next day. to the house of Mi-, Robeson's brother. John, who was then living near Dayton, in Tippecanoe County. Ind, In the following sjn-ing, his brother engaged in the woolen business at that point, and Mr. Rolieson accepted a position in the mill. He remained with his brother until 1S41. at which time he removed to Carroll County. Ind.. and erected the woolen-mill to which reference is made in the history of Jackson Township, He vpas engaged here one yeai-. and, at the end of that time, ' traded his mill for the farm which he now occupies. After farm- I ing about a year, he went to Pittsbmrg. Carroll Co.. Ind.. at the i solicitati(m of D. K. Ward, to superintend the woolen-mill which that gentleman had erected there. Remaining with him about a year, he subseipiently engaged in the same business with Durkne & Johnson, at La Fayette. Ind. He was with this firm for about three years, at the end of which time he returned to his I farm. At the end of a yeai-. he was solicited to take charge of the mill which he had formerly owned, the proprietor. Mr. Holloway. having lost his life by an accident in the mill. After this, he operated the mill for about five years, retiu-ning to his farm at the end of that time. In the yeai-s that have followed, be has continued to devote his energies to the piu'suit of farming, and. by industry and good management, has a(^cumulated a comfortable fortune - a support lor his declining years and a heritage tor his loved ones who shall suiwive him.

On the 2()th of March. 1872. his wife died. Four of their children Drucilla, Caroline, Mabel and FlaviuH--had preceded their mother to the silent land, Foui- survived her. and are still living. Those are Maximolia. Mahlon, Faros and Platxi, all ,if whom are now married, save the youngest, Plato, marriage with Miss Lydia A, Martin, his present companion, who is the daughter of Samuel Mai'tin. Esq,, a respected citizen of Howard County, Ind. This union was blessed by one daughter. Juniatta. who died at the age of three years.

At various times in his life. Mr. Robeson has been called upon to fill responsible offices in his township. He served four years as Justice of the Peace, and was also a member of the Board of Township Trustees, At a later date (1864), he was elected Trustee of Jackson Township, after the board of thi-ee Trustees had been abolished, and the law so altered as to place their duties in charge of one Trustee for each township. His political affiliations are witli the Rejrablican party, of which he is a valued and useful member.

In his public life, he has always dischai-ged his duties with the same scrupulous integrity that has marked his private transactions. He is a man who has ever gained and retained universal respect, and his fair dealing and unswerving integrity have placed him on a high plane in the estimation of a large circle of friends and acquaintances.

Franklin G. . son of William and Rachel Ai-mstrong. was born June 20. 1822. in Wayne County. Ind. His father (to whom reference is made in the history of Jackson Township) was a native of Virginia, and one of the pioneer citizens of Wayne County. Ind. His mother, whose maiden name was Rachel Bright, was a native of Warren County. Ohio. Her father died while she was a child, and she accompanied her mother to Wayne County. Ind.. where she gi-ew to matm-ity. aiad married Mr. Armstrong in 1821.

On the -2(lthof October, 18211, the family came to Carroll County, Ind.. where the parents were engaged in agricultural pm-suits until death. The father died in May. 1869. and the mother in August. 1843.

Franklin, their son, was but seven years of age when he came to CaiToll County, with whose better interests he has since been so prominently identified. He knew this county in its pioneer period,- and bore his share of the hardships incident to pioneer life. By his surroundings, he became accustomed to hard work, and. while yet a mere boy. took a hand in clearing away the tini ber fi-om his father's farm, and assisting him to cultivate it after it was cleared. His father (rarchased land in a heavily timbered locality in Jackson Township, and. in boyish sport, young Frank lin used to walk over the farm, ax in hand, and chop down thilargest trees, their fall fm-nishing him the liveliest amusement an amusement which his father did not attempt to discuiuage. a^- even' tree thus felled was one step farther in the clearing of his farm. During the winter, he attended school in one of tb- oldfashioned log schoolhouses that are so intimately connected witli all reminiscences of the early days. Tlie course of study was in complete and circumscribed, but he proved himself an apt pupil, and. developed a taste for acquiring know^ledge that soon becamea ruling motive. He read all the books and papers he could ob tain, acciuiring thus a good store of general information. He excelled in the art of spelling, and attended every "spelling-match" he could hear of for miles around, generally proving the succ&ss ful com])etitor.

fjator. he attended the old seminsu-y at Delphi for two tonus, thus completing his common school course and gaining an insight to the higher branches.

During his boyhood, Indians wore numorous. and ijuite friendly with their white neighors. They were very fond of the s|)ort of " tire-hunting " - that is. hunting along the sti-eams for deer, with a blazing torch in the bow of their canoes. The light attracted the deer, which they shot as soon as he became visible. This custom led to an incident in the Doctor's life which he will never forget. On one occasion, some Indians wounded a deer, which escaped into the woods, whereupon they made their way to the Armsti'ong residence, securing the services of Mr. Armstrong's dog to track the game. Ever afterward, the dog would follow the Indians, and finally was missed from home. He was a gi'eat pet with the lioys. who mom-ned his loss. Several days later, two Indians met young Armstrong, promising that, if he would go with them in their canoe, they would restore him his dog. having leiu-ned whore he was. In his boyish trust and simplicity, he did not stop to consider the possibility of danger, and. thinking only of the prospeet of regaining his lost dog. embai'ked with them at once upon the placid waters of Deer Creek. They had traveled quite a distance before their passenger thought of the possibility of treachery, and the idea came to him then suddenly. They had reached a shoal, when the two Indians sprang out of the boat. and. drawing large, ugly knives from their belts, began gesticulating savagely, and talking in their strange jargon, not a word of which could be understood hy the white boy. He could not perceive the object of their sudden halt, and their wild manner caused him instantly to believe that it meant harm to himself: but he manifested no fear, and said nothing. Suddenly, the Indians plunged their knives into the sand beneath them, and each brought up a turtle, writhing on the blade, only to throw it out upon the bank to die. This they repeated until tired of the sjiort. when they returned to the canoe and resumed their journey. They kept their promise faithfully, and. after restoring to the boy his lost pet. took him safel_y home. But it was an eventful trip to him. and its memory stamped itself indeliljly upon his raiud.

Amid scenes as wild, his early life was passed. The Indian boys were his companions, until they were removed, by order of the Government, to reservations farther west. As he grew older, he took part in the cultivation of his father's farm. Dui-ing the harvest season, he worked in the field, swinging an old-fashioned grain-cradle, and was the first in Jackson Township to use a left hand plow, with cast-iron mold-board. This plow attracted a great deal of attention, and was an object of curiosity to many of his neighliors.

At the age of twenty years, he began teaching school. His first experience was in the frame schoolhouse at Camden, where he taught the entire term of twenty-two weeks for $62, paying his boai'd out of this amoiint. and. later, taught several terms in the home district. At an early age, he conceived a desire for a professioral life, and the bent of his inclination was toward the profession of medicine. At the age of twenty-two years, he began his studies in the office of Dr. J. M. Justice, at Camden, where he made rapid progress, and. in 1846 and 1847. attended the Ohio Medical College at Cincinnati. His fathi^r was anxious to further his son's plans, and. to pay his expenses at college, hauled wheat to Logansport. selling it for 37J cents per bushel. Having completed his studies, he retiu-ned to Camden and entered upon the practice of his profession in the spring of 1847. Confidence in his skill and ability was soon established, and his practice grew in proportion, extending north to the Wa-