Clay County, Indiana - The whole text, 1909 (part 5 of 21)

Coleman Covington Duncan was born in 1831, in Hendricks county, Indiana, on the parental homestead. He was reared to agricultural pur¬ suits, and as a boy eagerly seized every opportunity for increasing his knowledge and advancing his education beyond that obtained in the com¬ mon schools. When ready to start in life on his own account he em¬ barked in the mercantile business, for a number of years thereafter being located at Carpentersville, Putnam county, Indiana. From there he went to Otterville, Boone county, Missouri, where he dealt in live stock until after the breaking out of the Civil War. Returning then to this state, he kept a hotel at Greencastle for a number of years, and then engaged in the marble business in Illinois, first in Salem, and later in Vandalia. Giving up that business, he again came back to Indiana, and after a short residence in Brazil settled in Clay City, and here spent his last days, dying at the age of seventy-three years. His wife, whose maiden name was Elizabeth Glen, was born in Hendricks county, Indiana, sixty-seven years ago, a daughter of William A. and Mary (McKenzie) Glen. Her par¬ ents were both born in Virginia, of colonial ancestry, and were among the earlier settlers of Hendricks county. Of the children born to Coleman C. and Elizabeth Duncan, four grew to maturity, as follows: Walter C, the subject of this sketch; James William; Mary; and Frank.

Walter C. Duncan received his early education in the public schools, and at the age of nineteen years began the study of medicine with Dr. R. H. Hogan, then one of the leading practitioners of Salem, Illinois. He subsequently attended lectures at the Saint Louis Medical College from which he was graduated with the degree of M. D. in 1876. The ensuing year Dr. Duncan practiced with his former preceptor, and then located in Vandalia, Illinois, where he was in active practice for eight years. Removing then to Smithboro, Illinois, he was there located as a physician for three years, in his professional career meeting with suc¬ cess. Coming to Clay City in 1889, the Doctor purchased a drug busi¬ ness which he has conducted most successfully ever since.

Dr. Duncan married, in 1889, Mrs. Elizabeth (Perkins) Brown, who was born in Bond county, Illinois, a daughter of Henry and Mary Per¬ kins. By her marriage with Mr. Brown, Mrs. Duncan has one child, William Brown, of Millbury Grove, Bond county, Illinois.

Curtis G. Scofield, one of the strong and able lawyers practicing at the Brazil bar, is a native of Illinois and a son of John and Nancy C. Scofield, in whose family were seven children, Lenore, Bernard A., Curtis G., Amy, Nannie, Blanch and John, Jr. The father is supervisor for the Vandalia Railroad Company, having been associated with the com- pany for thirty-five years, or more. He is widely esteemed in Brazil be¬ cause of his reliability in his business relations and the many excellent traits of character which he displays.

Reared in Brazil, Curtis G. Scofield pursued his education in the city schools, passing through consecutive grades until he became a high-school student. When his more specifically literary education was completed, he began preparation for the bar and matriculated in the Indiana Law School at Indianapolis, Indiana, and graduated with honors. Having se¬ cured his admission to the bar, he entered upon practice in the city and was elected to the office of prosecuting attorney of the thirteenth dis¬ trict in 1904. The zeal with which he has devoted his energies to his profession, the careful regard evinced for the interests of his clients and an assiduous and unrelaxing attention to all the details of his cases, have brought him a large business and made him very successful in its con¬ duct. His arguments have elicited warm commendation not only from his associates at the bar but also from the bench.

Mr. Scofield wedded Miss Anna Brattin, a daughter of D. W. Brattin. She was born in Brazil February 26, 1882. Theirs is an attractive home, whose hospitality is greatly enjoyed by their many friends. They have one child, Lucia Caroline, born July 4, 1907. Mr. Scofield is a member of the Knights of Pythias and the Elks.

John Clarence Gregg, the present capable and obliging postmaster of Brazil, Indiana, was born in Milroy, Rush county, Indiana, January 15, 1871, and was educated at the high schools of his adopted town - Brazil, graduating with the class of 1888. He is the son of John Carson and Susan A. (Welty) Gregg. The father was born on a farm in Green county, Ohio, and is now living in Brazil. The subject's mother was born in Oxford, Ohio. John Carson Gregg was educated at Oxford college, in Ohio, and soon after his marriage removed to Indiana, locat¬ ing in Rush county, where he taught school. He came to Brazil in 1877 and took charge of the Brazil high school as its superintendent and re¬ mained there for twenty years, he being the originator of the Brazil high school system. He is in the employ of the United States government at present as store-keeper for the Internal Revenue offices at Terre Haute, Indiana. He is a member of the Odd Fellows order, and has held the office of Noble Grand in his lodge. He served in the Union army in the days of the Civil war, as a member of an Ohio volunteer infantry regi¬ ment, and belongs to General Canby Grand Army Post. In his church affiliations, he is connected with the Presbyterian church in which he is an elder. Politically, he is a staunch Republican. By his marriage to Susan A. Welty the following children were born : William B. died aged twelve years; Nellie K., wife of B. F. Crawford; Lillie J., now Mrs. James Simms of Brazil; Dr. Joseph W., located in Brazil, Indiana; John Clarence, of this review.

Soon after completing his education, John C. Gregg learned the machinist's trade with Crawford & McCimmon Co., with which firm he remained between fourteen and sixteen years, and January 18, 1905, re¬ ceived his commission as postmaster of Brazil, from President Roosevelt, and is the present incumbent. He is a member of the Presbyterian church and politically, is a supporter of the Republican party, in which organiza¬ tion he has taken an active part for the last fifteen years ; has been chair¬ man of the city central committee; also chairman of the county central committee for two years. The Greggs have descended from Scotch-Irish stock, and the characteristics of that sturdy people are still seen in the present-day generation.

John C. Gregg was married to Anna L. Martin, May 13, 1891. She was born in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania in February, 1872, a daughter of Jacob E. and Addiline (Keys) Martin, both natives of Pennsylvania, and whose children were twelve in number, the older being Mrs. Gregg. Her father served in the Civil war four and a half years, going out with a Pennsylvania regiment. He is a member of the Grand Army of the Republic, and in politics, a staunch Republican.

Mr. and Mrs. Gregg have become the parents of four children, two of whom are living, Joseph W. and Susan Alsina. John Carson, died aged seven years; Mary E., died aged five years. While the family is not in possession of a true and correct genealogy, it is known that the subject's great-grandfather, John Brown, came from Scotland at a very early date and that he was a Revolutionary soldier. Mr. Gregg's maternal ancestors- are of German stock, descending from the old Kumler family, who were pioneers in the settlement of Ohio.

Nicholas Davis Orme. - Distinguished as a native born citizen of Clay county and as the representative of an honored pioneer family, Nicholas Davis Orme is eminently worthy of representation in a work of this character. A son of John Orme, he was born February 13, 1853, in Van Buren township, and has here spent his entire life. He was named for his grandfather, Nicholas Davis Orme, whose father, it is supposed, came from England to America with a brother, from whom he was soon after separated and never again saw. The grandfather lived for many years in Lewis county, Kentucky, from there coming, in 1827, to Indiana, becoming one of the very early settlers of Hancock county. Re¬ moving a few years later to Johnson county, he was there employed in tilling the soil until his death, at a good old age. He married Penelope Pell, by whom he had several children.

Born in Kentucky, John Orme lived there until eight years old, when he came with his parents to this state. He obtained a limited knowledge of books in the pioneer schools of Hancock and Johnson counties, and this, with the lessons in honesty, thrift and industry that he received from his parents, became the foundation for his future success. About 1840 he bought eighty acres of heavily timbered land in Clay county, paying one dollar per acre for it. Building a small log house, he began the im¬ provement of the land, living there a few years. Selling them, he pur¬ chased in section eight, one hundred and sixty acres, on which a few acres had been cleared and a set of log buildings erected, the house being the one in which his son Nicholas, the subject of this sketch, first opened his eyes to the light of this world. Clearing and improving a good farm and erecting a substantial set of farm buildings, he lived there until his death, March 25, 1899. A man of undaunted courage and industry, he met with deserved success in his undertakings and assisted his children to secure homes for themselves. His first wife, whose maiden name was Margaret Russell, was born in Marion county, Indiana, October 8, 1823, and died in the fifty-sixth year of her age. Eight of her children grew to maturity, namely: Rebecca E., Hannah A., James, Zenobee, Nicholas Davis, Charles C., Jossa Ann and Andrew. The father married for his second wife Mrs. Indiana (Webster) Woods, by whom he had two

Brought up on the home farm, Nicholas Davis Orme obtained the rudiments of his education in the old log schoolhouse of pioneer times, while under the wise teachings of his father he acquired a thorough knowledge of the various branches of farming. Taking upon himself the cares of a household, he bought the farm which he now owns and oc¬ cupies, and in the log house which stood upon it began housekeeping with his bride. Continuing his agricultural labors, lie has cleared the land, set out fruit trees, erected a substantial set of buildings, and has now one of the best appointed and best cultivated estates to be found in the vicinity.

Mr. Orme married first, in 1881, Mary Jane Turner, who was born in Van Buren township, a daughter of James and Sally (McMillan) Turner, pioneers of Clay county. She died in 1887. Air. Orme married second, in 1889, Susan J. Pruett, who was born in Parke county. Her father, Frederick Pruett, was born in Kentucky, but when a young man migrated to Parke county, Indiana. After the breaking out of the Civil war he enlisted as a soldier, and died while in his country's service. His wife, whose maiden name was Ellen Spurgeon, was born in Ohio, a daughter of James Spurgeon, who was born in Germany, emigrated to the United States, and spent his last years in Ohio. Mr. and Mrs. Orme have no children of their own, but Loucetta May Barnett, a young lady of fifteen, has lived with them since her infancy and knows no other home. Both Air. and Airs. Orme are consistent members of the United Brethren church.

AIrs. Indiana (Webster) Orme. - A native of Indiana, Indiana (Webster) Orme was born in Parke county August 3, 1844, a daughter of Stewart Webster. Her grandfather, James Stewart Webster, was as far as known a native of Kentucky, but removed from there to Ohio, and for a number of years was engaged in agricultural pursuits near Cincin¬ nati. His wife dying, he came to Indiana to spend his last days with his son James, dying here in August, 1848.

Stewart Webster was born in Kentucky, went with the family to Ohio, and became familiar with the various branches of pioneer farming. About 1830, accompanied by his second wife and their four children, he came to Indiana, journeying overland with ox teams, a slow and tedious mode of travel compared with the rapidity with which we now speed across the continent. Securing a tract of heavily timbered government land in Raccoon township, Parke county, he cleared a space in which he erected a small log cabin, the house in which Airs. Orme was subse¬ quently born. There were no railways in the state for many years after he came here, nor any conveniently located markets. Deer, wild turkeys, and game of other kinds were plentiful, furnishing food for the pioneers. The busy housewife of those days carded, spun, and wove the cloth for family use. Airs. Orme as a girl each day accomplishing her stint in card¬ ing, spinning and weaving flax, wool and tow, and often says that she was a girl well along in her "teens" before she wore other than homespun garments. Coffee was a luxury indulged in by none, the people of those days substituting a drink made of either corn or wheat; for tea using sassafras, sage, and spice wood, while their sugar and molasses were made from maple sap. After a few years Stewart Webster sold that land and purchased another tract near by, living there six months.

Selling out, he then bought three hundred acres in Van Buren township, his purchase including the greater part of the present site of Carbon, and there resided until his death, October 18, 1873.

Mr. Webster was twice married. Ilis second wife, the mother of Mrs. Orme, was Mrs. Lucy (Sanders) Goodsell. She was born in Ken¬ tucky, a daughter of Charles Sanders, and died in Van Buren township August 3, 1873. By her first marriage she had one child, a daughter named Martha. By her union with Mr. Webster she had ten children, John J., Sanford, William Taylor, Hannah, Lizzie, Hester, Ann, Andrew, Indiana and Minerva J.

Indiana Webster obtained her early education in the pioneer log schoolhouse, remaining with her parents until 1861. On January 17, of that year, she became the wife of Samuel Woods, by whom she had one daughter, Hannah Mary. This daughter married Charles C. Orme, a son of John and Margaret (Russell) Orme, and a brother of Nicholas D. Orme, of whom a sketch may be found on another page of this work. In October, 1879, Mrs. Woods married John Orme, whose life history is given in the above mentioned sketch. This union was blessed by the birth of two children, Robert O. and John S.

Mrs. Elizabeth Schmaltz Botteron. - The daughter of a pio¬ neer of Indiana and the widow of the late Emile Botteron, a much re¬ spected citizen of Harrison township, Mrs. Elizabeth S. Botteron is eminently deserving of mention in a work of this character. She was born November 7, 1845, in Wurtemberg, Germany, which was also the birthplace of her father, Gottlieb Schmaltz, and the life-long home of both of his parents.

Gottlieb Schmaltz served an apprenticeship at the blacksmith's trade when young, and followed it in his native country for a number of years. In 1846, with his wife and three children, he came across the ocean in a sailing vessel, and after a voyage of three months landed at4 New York City. Two of his brothers and four of his sisters also came to this coun¬ try, their names being Frederick, John, Mary, Elizabeth, Christina and Catherine. Mary, Christina and Frederick subsequently lived and died in Ohio, but John, Elizabeth and Catherine came to Indiana to live. Gottlieb Schmaltz proceeded at once from New York to New Bedford, Ohio, where his brother Frederick was living, and at once found employment with the Zoar Colony, receiving for wages six dollars per month, one half of which was to be taken in trade at the Colony store. At the end of two years he returned to New Bedford, where he continued at his trade until 1853. Coming then to Indiana, Mr. Schmaltz bought forty acres of land situated about one mile north of Marion township, and the log cabin standing on the place was the first home of the family in Owen county. He established himself as a blacksmith, and hired men to work and clear the land, he, himself, and his children, also assisting in his spare minutes. He was industrious, ambitious and thrifty, and met with great success in his undertakings, and added to his home estate until it contained one hundred and twenty acres of rich land. After acquiring a competency, Mr. Schmaltz gave up his trade, and for awhile gave his entire attention to his farm. Subsequently, in partnership with a son-in-law, he bought a flour mill, which he operated five years. Returning then to his homestead, he resided there, free from business cares, until his death, in the eightyr fourth year of his age.

Mr. Schmaltz married Barbara Elizabeth Bonnet, who was born in Wurtemberg, Germany, where her parents, Martin and Eva Bonnet, spent their entire lives. She died in the eightieth year of her age. Mr. and Mrs. Schmaltz were the parents of seven children that grew to maturity ; namely : Mary ; Eva Ann ; Elizabeth, now Mrs. Botteron ; Christina ; Paulina; Sophia; and George. Mary, who married Stephen Maegcrlein, of Patricksburg, Owen county, died, in January. 1902, aged sixty-three years, and left ten children, George, John, Lizzie, Alice, Lottie, Bertha, Mollie, Arthur, Ernest and Florence. Eva Ann, wife of Henry Sinders, of Marion township, has thirteen children, Elizabeth, John, Ellen, George, William, David, Charles, Irvin, Ray, Mollie, Priscilla, Frederick and Annie. Christina married first David Klinger, also of Marion township, who at his death left her with four children, Elizabeth, Kate, Emma and Rheinhold. She married second John Reymond, of Brazil, and they have two children, Ethel and Mary. Paulina, wife of Henry Haas, has eleven children, Charles, Clara, Elizabeth, George, Lula, Alice, Ernest, Fred¬ erick, Guy, Ruth and Yenton. Sophia, wife of Fred Fateh, has six chil¬ dren, Cora, George, Gertrude, Clara, Carl and Bonney. George married Clara Shaley, and they have five children, Carl, Herman. Ernest, Edward and Arthur.

Elizabeth Schmaltz was but an infant when her parents brought her to America. She attended school one term in Ohio, afterwards continuing her studies in the schools of Owen county. In common with her sisters and brother, she began when quite young to assist her parents, working both indoors and out, being well trained to habits of industry and use¬ fulness. At the age of twenty-one years she married Emile Botteron, who was born in Canton Berne, Switzerland, May 13, 1837. His father, Abraham Botteron, a native of the same canton, was there reared, edu¬ cated and married. Coming with his family to the United States in 1837, he settled at Becks Mills, Holmes county, Ohio, where he purchased the land on which he resided until 1852. Selling that property, he then came to Clay county, Indiana, and having bought a tract of wild land in section 22, Harrison township, at once began its improvement, his first step in that direction being to cut down trees to make room for a log cabin. Having his family installed in the cabin, he cleared the land, put a large part of it in a good state of cultivation, and subsequently erected a fine set of frame buildings in place of the first ones made of logs. There he carried on general farming most successfully until his death, in 1874, at the age of seventy-nine years. Although not a graduate physician, he had acquired considerable knowledge of medicine and surgery, and was often called upon in emergency cases. He was four times married, and reared four children, namely: Julia, Sophia, Emile and Mary.

Emile Botteron was brought across the ocean by his parents while in infancy, and was brought up and educated in Ohio, remaining at home until his parents removed to Bowling Green, when, for four years, he had charge of the home farm. He then purchased the farm on which Mrs. Botteron now resides. There were at that time about forty acres of it cleared, and on it was a frame building which had been erected for a meeting house, and into this he and his wife moved, occupying it as a dwelling until 1877, when he built a commodious frame house. An in¬ telligent, progressive and practical agriculturist, always ready to inves¬ tigate newer methods of carrying on his work, Mr. Botteron brought his farm to a high state of cultivation, and added to its improvements by building a frame barn and two tenant houses. In 1892 Mr. and Mrs. Botteron moved to Terra Haute and there built a beautiful home, but it wa> while he and his wife were visiting in Patrick>burg. Indiana, that he died, January 19, 1897. Mrs. Botteron has since that time occupied the home. but rent> the land. She was reared and confirmed in the German Lutheran faith, but, with Mr. Botteron, subsequently united with the Reformed C hurch, of which she is a valued member.

James Rlssell Ali.f.x, D. D. S. - A well-known and popular resi¬ dent of Clay City, James R. Allen, D. D. S., is an excellent representative of the dental profession of Clay county, which, perhaps, better represents the swift advance of science at this time than any other professional call¬ ing. Dentistry is an important branch of surgery, because of its required application at some period of life by almost every member of the human family. A native of Indiana, the doctor was born October 1, 1870, at Shelburn, Sullivan county.

James Thomas Allen was the doctor's father. Learning the trade of a harness maker when young he followed it in various localities, including Logansport, Indiana, where he spent his last years, dying there in 1897. He married for his second wife Joan McManus, whose mother before marriage was a Miss Shelburn, whose ancestors were pioneers of Sul¬ livan county, and in whose honor the town of Shelburn received its name. She died in early womanhood. Mr. Allen had married for his first wife a Miss Lane. By his second marriage he was the father of four children, as follows : Cora, James Russell, Alma and John.

During his youthful days James R. Allen attended school very regu¬ larly, and during vacations assisted his father on the farm. At the age of sixteen years, desiring to develop his natural mechanical skill, he entered the employment of the Central Manufacturing Company at Terre Haute, where he continued four years. He then began the study of dentistry with Dr. C. F. W illiams, and was subsequently graduated from the Indiana Dental College in Indianapolis, receiving the degree of D. D. S. from that institution in 1897. He settled immediately in Clav City, and has since remained here, having by his acknowledged skill and close attention to his professional duties built up a large and remunera¬ tive practice.

In May, 1898, Dr. Allen married Grace Zook, a daughter of Dr. David Isaac and Emma (Minn.er) Zook, and they have one child, Joan. True to the religious faith in which she was reared, Mrs. Allen is a Presbyterian. Fraternally the Doctor is a member of Clay City Lodge, No. 1 3 1 , Knights of Pythias; and of Clay City Camp, Modern Woodmen of America.

Lafavf.tte Williams. - As an important factor in promoting the agricultural interests of Clay county, and as the descendant of two pio¬ neer families of prominence, Lafayette Williams, of Van Buren town¬ ship. is eminently worthy of representation in a work of this character. He is an excellent representative of the native-born citizens of this place, his birth having occurred July 10, 1851, on the farm he now owns and occupies. His father. John H. Williams, was born in Randolph county, North Carolina, and his grandfather, George W illiams, was born in North Carolina of Wrelsh ancestry.

came to Indiana, making the overland journey with a pair of oxen and a cart. He brought with him all of his worldly possessions, which were but few, and like all other emigrants of that time cooked and camped by the way. After arriving in Clay county he first occupied a log cabin situated on land owned by John Graves, and located in the northeast corner of the southeast quarter of section fifteen. Very soon after he entered the west half of the northeast quarter of section twenty, and in the unbroken wilderness built for himself and family a log cabin, which had a puncheon floor and a chimney made of earth and sticks. Deer, wild hogs and turkeys, fattened by the walnuts, beechnuts and acorns found everywhere in the thick woods, furnished plenty of food for the family, and were cooked by the good wife before the open fire, she never in her life using a stove of any description. He kept sheep and raised flax, from which his wife carded, spun and wove the homespun with which she clothed the household. Both he and his wife, whose maiden name was Sarah Presnal, lived to a good old age, dying on the homestead which they redeemed from the forest. They had six children, as fol¬ lows : John, Eliza, Ferby, Lucinda, Edward and George.

John H. Williams came with the family to Clay county and subse¬ quently bought from his father one hundred and twenty acres of land located in sections fifteen, twenty-one and twenty-two. On that part situated in section fifteen there was at the time of purchase a log house, in which his son Lafayette was subsequently born. The house, which has been removed to the southeast corner of that section, is still in good repair, notwithstanding that it is one of the oldest houses in the county. He cleared a large part of the land, and was employed in cultivating the soil until his death, November 17, 1851. He was one of the pioneer merchants of this part of the county, having soon after his arrival here opened a store of general merchandise in Brazil, the first in the place. John IT. Williams married Mary Graves, a daughter of the John Graves mentioned above. Mr. Graves was a Virginian by birth, and lived in his native state until 1827. In that year he started with his family for Indiana, traveling across the country with ox teams. While on the way the family stopped at the foot of the Blue Ridge, and in the camp their daughter Mary was born. Upon arriving in Clay county, Mr. Graves entered government land in section fifteen, in what is now Van Buren township. The county was then but sparsely populated, and, in fact, none of the adjoining land had many settlements, the nearest post office being in Owen county. He subsequently entered another tract of land, that including the present site of Harmony. When the National Road was built he erected a commodious house and a large barn, and there kept a stage station for a number of years. Mr. Graves married Mar¬ garet Smotherman, a native of North Carolina, and both spent their last years in Harmony. After the death of her first husband, Mrs. Mary (Graves) .Williams married his brother, Edward Williams. She died at the age of seventy-five years, in 1902. By her first marriage she had two children, Henry Clay, now living in Kansas; and Lafayette, the special subject of this sketch. By her second marriage she reared six children, namely: Thomas C., Armilda, Isadora, Benjamin F., Jane and Ulysses S.

A life-long resident of Van Buren township, Lafayette Williams succeeded to the ownership of the farm on which he was born and reared and is carrying on general farming with most satisfactory results. He has made improvements of great value and excellence, having enlarged and remodeled the house, set out fruit, shade and ornamental trees, and otherwise added to the attractiveness of the place, the farm, with its welltilled fields, evincing in a marked degree the thrift, ability and excellent management of the owner. In this state, in 1833, while the woods were standing, was held the first Methodist camp meeting iij Clay county.

Mr. Williams married, in July, 1881, Elizabeth E. Buchanan. She was born in Jefferson county, a daughter of George W. Buchanan. Her Grandfather Buchanan, who was of Scotch descent, was a pioneer settler of Jefferson county. Her father served in the Union army during the Civil war, after which he lived a few years in Jefferson county, coming to Clay county in 1869, he carried on farming until his death, in 1895. His wife, whose maiden name was Sarah J. Little, was born in Ohio, and died in 1882 in Indiana. Mr. and Mrs. Williams have three children, namely: Judge Leonard, Benjamin H. and Olonzo F. Judge Leonard married Artie Girton, and Benjamin H. married Loena Frost. Politically Mr. Williams casts his ballot in favor of the Republican party, and religiously both he and his wife are members of the United Brethren church.

Walter B. Ringo. - Prominent among the more progressive and influential residents of Cass township is Walter B. Ringo, a leading agri¬ culturist and the representative of an honored pioneer family of Clay county. A man of keen business perceptions, wide-awake and alert, he has met with undoubted success in his undertakings, and is connected with many of the leading enterprises of this part of the state. A son of the late Morgan B. Ringo, he was born August 28, 1858, in Cass township, of Holland ancestry.

Major Ringo, grandfather of Walter B., was born in Kentucky, and from there came, in 1833, to Clay county, Indiana. Entering a tract of timbered land near Stanton, Posey township, he improved a farm which he afterwards sold at an advantage. He subsequently entered other tracts of land in Posey township, and there spent the remainder of his life, pass¬ ing away at a good old age. He married Elizabeth Brown, who was born in Kentucky and died in Posey township; Indiana.

A native of Kentucky, Morgan B. Ringo came with his parents to Clay county when young, and there grew to manhood. Soon after his marriage he bought land in Van Buren township, and there improved a farm, erecting substantial buildings and setting out fruit and ornamental trees. While living there he took a contract for work on the local rail¬ road, "The Vandalia/' and constructed one mile of it. About twenty years after his marriage, he sold his first farm and secured a tract in Cass township, on the Eel river. He continually added to his original pur¬ chase, becoming owner of more than a thousand acres of choice land, and for a number of years was one of the largest farmers and stock-raisers in Clay county. He was very prominent in public affairs, and for two terms represented Sullivan and Clay counties in the state senate, being first elected to the position in 1872. He died December 11, 1878, when but fifty-nine years old, his death being a decided loss to the community. He married Mary Ann McKinley, who was born in Kentucky, a daughter of George G. and Barbara (Belk) McKinley, natives of Kentucky, and of Irish descent. She survived him a long time, passing away January 6, 1900, aged seventy-six years. Four sons and four daughters were born of their union, and^of these four children are now living, as follows: Nathan-

Spending his boyhood days on the home farm, Walter B. Ringo became thoroughly acquainted with the art and science of agriculture while young, and wisely chose farming for his chief occupation. After his marriage he took up his residence in the two-story, eight-room brick house built by his father in 1862 on section twenty, Cass township, and has here been prosperously employed ever since in farming and stockraising. He has four hundred and forty acres of valuable land lying in sections twenty, twenty-nine and thirty, and in the management of his large estate he has met with much success and very few discouragements. Mr. Ringo has other interests of much value, being a stockholder in the United Coal Company of Chicago, whose mines are in Southern Illinois ; in the Indiana Sewer Pipe Company of Mecca, Parke county ; and in the Mecca State Bank.

On December 29, 1880, Mr. Ringo married Ida M. Herr, who was born in Coesse, Whitley county, Indiana, December 29, i860, a daughter of Simon and Drucilla (Hurd) Herr, natives, respectively, of Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, and New York. The union of Mr. and Mrs. Ringo has been blessed by the birth of six children, namely: Mary M., wife of Van H. Wilkinson, of Indianapolis; Joseph H., living at home; Robert S., of Purdue University; Drucilla, wife of Earl Houk, of Terre Haute; Walter B., Jr., and John L. Politically Mr. Ringo is a stanch adherent of the Democratic party, and for five years rendered excellent service as township trustee. Fraternally he is a member of Center Point Lodge, A. F. and A. M. ; and of Poland Lodge, No. 364, K. of P.. Religiously he belongs to the Methodist Episcopal church of Poland, and is a member of its board of trustees. Mr. Ringo has two deeds of the parchment style, signed by Andrew Jackson.

Roswell T. Deeter. - In the early days of the history of Clay county there came to reside within its borders one who proved a valued factor in its upbuilding and future development, Jacob Deeter, the grandfather of Roswell T. He was a native of Pennsylvania, and after coming to Clay county, Indiana, he entered eighty acres of land in Perry township, while later he bought and entered from the government to the amount of three quarters of a section, and he also entered one hundred and sixty acres in Posey township, owning in all about six hundred acres or more in Clay county at one time. But he in later life gave most of his land to his sons, giving to each of his five sons eighty acres, and the same amount to his daughter, Mrs. Knighton. He was known and was very prominent throughout Clay county, and in addition to his farming he also did much masonry work for the Vandalia Railroad Company. His politics were Republican, and he was a member of the Christian church and died in its faith in Posey township.

Thomas Deeter, a son of this well remembered Clay county pioneer, was born in Ohio, but came with his father to Indiana in his boy¬ hood, and in 1861 he entered the Civil war and was killed in North Caro¬ lina. In his early manhood he had married Katherine Barber, who was born in Ohio and came with her parents to Clay county when fourteen years of age, being a daughter of Aaron G. Barber, one of the pioneer farmers of Perry township. In their family were two children, a son and a daughter, and the latter, Sarah E., is the wife of John Q. Gummere, a farmer of Terry township. Mr. Deeter farmed in Tosey township until entering the war, owning a little farm of eighty acres, and he was a life¬ long Republican and a member of the Christian church.

The district schools of Posey township afforded Roswell T. Deeter his educational training in his youth, and he was born on the same section of land on which he now resides July 15, 1859. It was in 1892 that he located on his present homestead place, where he has made many valuable and substantial improvements, and owns eighty acres of land in section 36. He is also a stockholder in the Brazil Wire Factory. He is independent in his political affiliations but endorses Republican principles, and has taken quite an active part in local political work. He is a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, Prairie Lodge No. 855, of Posey township.

In 1885 Mr. Deeter was married to Rosa B. Huffman, who died in February of 1888, leaving one son, Elmer. On the 30th of November, 1892, he wedded Mary Ann Kuefner, who was bom in Peoria county, Illi¬ nois, a daughter of George and Elizabeth (Sipp) Kuefner. The parents were born in Germany, and coming to the United States were married in Hamilton, Ohio, from whence they moved to Hancock county, Illinois, and later to Peoria county, that state, their present home. Mrs. Deeter is the youngest of their ten children, three of whom were born in Ohio and seven in Illinois, and three of the number were sons. Mr. and Mrs. Deeter have had three children, but the ofily one now living is Frank Edward, who was born at their present home April 25, 1907. The other two children died in infancy. Mr. Deeter is a member of the Christian church.

James M. Campbell. - Long an extensive farmer and a large land owner of Washington township, Clay county, James M. Campbell has for some time been retired from active work. A soldier, bearing with him the wounds of battle, and for many years a Republican leader and an active participant in the administration of township affairs, he was born in Shelby county, Kentucky, on the 26th of October, 1842. His parents were John S. and Julia A. ( Allies ) Campbell, the father being born near Lewisburg, Pennsylvania, and the mother in Shelby county. They were al$o married in Kentucky, and lived there nearly eleven years before coming to Clay county, Indiana. John S. Campbell came to this locality in December, 1852, and purchased eighty acres of land in Washington township. He died in 1856, leaving a widow and seven children, of whom James M. Campbell was the oldest. The family kept the estate intact until 1907, when it was divided among the heirs. The elder Mr. Campbell took an active part in politics and was a Democrat of local influence. He held the offices of township clerk and township trustee, and died while serving his second term in the latter office. At the time of his decease he was only forty-two years of age. His widow lived until October 4, 1900, when she passed away at the age of seventy-five, the mother of the following: James M. Campbell, of this review : Rebecca, who resides with him ; Lucy E., widow of Major W. W. Carter, of Brazil, Indiana; Smith, of Bowling Green; Enos M., also a resident of that place; and Sarah and William, both deceased.

James M. Campbell received a common school education, and lived on the farm with his mother until August 27, 1861, when he enlisted in Company A, Forty-third Indiana Volunteer Infantry. He served for a few days over three years and was active during the bulk of that period.

the scenes of his military experience being in the southwest. For about a year he was attached to the fleet operating in the Mississippi Valley, and during the term of his service was twice wounded. One of his injuries was accidental, and the other was so serious that he was reported mortally wounded - the latter being received at the battle of March Mill, Arkansas. He was with the first regiment that landed at the capture of Memphis, Tennessee, and really has occasion to claim that he knows something of the horrors of war, and the unspeakable relief of returning to home scenes and paths of peace.

Upon his return from the front in the fall of 1864 Mr. Campbell secured an interest in a grist mill in Shelby county, Kentucky, his partner being James Miles, his maternal grandfather. After about a' year he returned to Clay county and engaged in the lumber and milling business, thus continuing for a number of years. About 1874, in association with his brother, he bought forty acres of land which is now a portion of the County Poor Farm, and at one time he had amassed a landed estate amounting to eight hundred acres. At present he is the proprietor of some four hundred and thirty acres in sections 7, 12 and 13, over whose cultivation and improvements he retains a general supervision. Mr. Campbell is a firm Republican, and has served Washington township as trustee for two terms and as a member of the advisory board for two years. As is natural, he has taken a deep interest in the affairs of the Grand Army of the Republic.

His wife, to whom he was wedded on the 10th of December, 1878, was Ann Mae Boothe, who was born in Clay county, Indiana, daughter of Thompson and Huldah (Thomas) Boothe. Mrs. Campbell's maternal grandfather was a native of Kentucky, and at a very early day came with his wife by boat to Spencer, Indiana ; thence blazing a way through the forest to what he called the Promised Land, located on section 13, Wash¬ ington township. This tract of land is owned by James M. Campbell, and as Grandfather Thomas is conceded to be the first permanent settler of Washington township it has a sentimental value as "historic ground." Mrs. Campbell died April 12, 1905, without issue.

Willard H. Glide well, editor and owner of the Brazil Democrat , was born at Metamora, Franklin county, Indiana, February 26, 1859. His father, Emory G. Glidewell, also a native of Franklin county, was descended from ancestors who came originally from the north of Eng¬ land. The great-grandfather, Robert Glidewell, arrived in Indiana about one hundred years ago and settled on Templeton's creek near Brookville, at which place the government land office was then located. The family came from North Carolina on horseback and on foot, the women and some of the men of the company riding, while a part of the male contingent made the whole trip across the Alleghenies on foot. The grandmother of W. H. Glidewell is said to have been a direct descendant of John Rolfe and Pocahontas. The family name was Coleman. The mother, who bore the maiden name of Eliza N. Murphy, was born in Fayette county, Indiana, and died on the frontier in Kansas on Christ¬ mas day of 1866. For nearly a half century Emory G. Glidewell devoted his energies to the profession of teaching school.

Willard H. Glidewell was educated in the public schools and mani¬ fested notable precocity in various lines. He could read readily when four years of age and at six read in the fifth reader, being considered the best reader in school at that time. He studied algebra, trigonometry, surveying and other higher branches in Fairfield, Indiana, high school, but at that time no graduation exercises were held nor certificates of scholarship issued. Fie began teaching at the age of seventeen, his first term being in F'ayette county, Indiana, in 1875 and 1876, and the next year lie was again employed by the same school. Fie then taught for two years in Franklin county, after which he began farming near Fairfield, that county. For several years he carried on general agricultural pursuits and after being out of school work for two years he again re¬ sumed the profession of teaching, which he followed in the winter seasons, while the summer months were devoted to agricultural pur¬ suits. In 1884 he left the farm and taught for several years as grammar school teacher, while later he was principal of the Fairfield schools. In 1886 he became county surveyor of Franklin county, devoting his ener¬ gies to surveying and the fire insurance business throughout the vacation periods, while still following the teacher's profession. In 1888 he aban¬ doned school work again and removed to Brookville, to take charge of the county seat department of the Laurel Reviczv , at which work nearly two years were spent. In 1890 he removed to Connersville, Indiana, where he spent two years as principal of the East Connersville schools. In 1892 he became bookkeeper for Taylor & Enos, a large lumber manu¬ facturing concern, and upon the retirement of Mr. Taylor in 1893 he became secretary of the new firm. His connection with journalism dates from 1894, when he became the editor of the Connersville Examiner, whose owner was postmaster of the city. He was again called into the field of educational labor in June, 1895, by his election to the county superintendency of schools of Fayette county, in which capacity he served for two years, rendering effective aid in promoting the standard of public instruction. In December, 1897, he purchased the Greensburg New Era , which he successfully conducted until January, 1903, when he sold that paper and in March of the same years purchased the Brazil Democrat, which he has since edited and published. He has made it one of the leading journals of this part of the state. It is thoroughly up-todate in its methods and devoted to the dissemination of general and local news. It is also known as the champion of progress and improve¬ ment in Brazil, while its large circulation makes it an excellent advertis¬ ing medium.

Mr. Glidewell was married at Hamilton, Ohio, November 1, 1880, to Miss Rose E. Kelley, and unto them have been born six children: Otis, who was born March 3, 1882, but is now deceased; Ivan, who was born in 1883; Erie, born in 1885; Carl, in 1887; Bessie, in 1889; and Angie, whose birth occurred in 1890.

Mr. Glidewell is identified with several fraternal organizations. In 1882 he joined Magnolia Lodge, No. 80, I. O. O. F., at Fairfield, Indiana, has filled all the chairs in the local lodge, is a past grand and has been a member of the grand lodge since 1884. In 1894 he joined the Red Men at Connersville and in 1899 became a charter member of the Elks lodge at Greensburg. - A Democrat in his political views, he is also a stanch advocate of the temperance cause and an opponent of the saloon interests, which he stanchly opposes through the columns of his paper. He served as county surveyor of Franklin county, Indiana, from 1886 until 1890, was superintendent of schools in Fayette county from 1895 until 1897, and chairman of the board of children's guardians in Decatur county, Indiana, from 1901 until 1903. He belongs to that type of repre¬ sentative American men who give expression to their patriotism and loyalty by active, helpful cooperation in many measures and movements for the public good. His work in educational circles was far reaching and contributed in no insubstantial measure to the progress of the schools. From early boyhood he has directed his efforts in those walks of life demanding strong intellectuality and close application and has left the impress of his individuality upon public thought and action.

David Hawkins, a leading drygoods merchant of Brazil, Clay county, and president of the D. Hawkins Company, is the successor to the well known firm of pioneers, Wheeler, Bridges & Company. Hezekiah Wheeler, the founder of the business, is his father-in-law, and is living in Terre Haute at the age of eighty years, while Mr. Bridges and Capt. Thomas M. Robertson, the third member, are also alive and in comfortable circumstances.

Mr. Hawkins is a native of Anderson township, Hamilton county, Ohio, born on the 14th of April, 1850. His parents were David and Hannah Ann (Bennett) Hawkins, and the father died in his thirtieth year, ten days before the birth of his son David. The widow survived her husband for more than half a century, finally passing away at Brazil, Indiana, at the age of eighty-three. Five children were born to this union, among whom was the following: Samuel, who died in 1908, a resident of Brazil; Sarah Jane, wife of Artemus Clark, of Hamilton county, Ohio, and David, of this notice. Richard Hawkins, the paternal grandfather, was a native of Maryland who enrolled himself among the Ohio pioneers by locating at Fort Washington, which afterward became a portion of Cincinnati. He became the father of thirteen children, his son David, the father of our subject, spending his life as a tiller of the soil within the limits of the Buckeye state. For several generations the. family, as a whole, has stanchly supported the Methodist church, and the grand¬ father, father and son who figure in this review are no exceptions to the rule.

David Hawkins passed the years of his life until he had reached his majority with his widowed mother, assisting in the work of the farm and acquiring his education at the township school. In April, 1871, on the morning of attaining the legal age of manhood, he left the homestead and went to Columbus, Georgia, where for eighteen months he was em¬ ployed as a sewing machine agent. On account of sickness, he returned home in the fall of 1872, and paid a visit to his uncle, Robert Bennett, one of the pioneers of Clay county. While there his cousin, Miss Sally Ben¬ nett, induced him to remain and teach school, his first employment in this field being by George Moss, trustee of Sugar Ridge township. William Travis, who was at that time county superintendent of schools, granted him a teacher's license, and in the winter of 1872 he took charge of the Brown school. In the spring of 1873 he himself attended the Terre Haute Commercial School, and after completing his course en¬ tered the employ of Wheeler, Bridges & Company, of Brazil, becoming proprietor of the business after seven years of faithful and efficient work as a subordinate. After operating it for two years, he sold out the estab¬ lishment, as the store building had been "sold from under him" to his competitor. He then entered the employ of Byram, Cornelius and Com¬ pany, of Indianapolis, dry goods merchants, acting for them in the capacity of a commercial traveler, and afterward being likewise identified with Carson, Pirie, Scott and Company of Chicago. This was for eighteen months only, while seeking a new location. He then became proprietor of a dry goods business in Brazil, and until 1902 conducted it under the style of D. Hawkins, after which he organized a stock com¬ pany under the present style, D. Hawkins Company, which represents a substantial and growing establishment.

Mr. Hawkins was united in marriage June 7, 1876, to Miss Rachael Wheeler, a native of Clay county, Indiana, born on the 2nd of June, 1852, and a daughter of Hezekiah and Effie (Harp) Wheeler. Mrs. Hawkins was educated in a private school and finished at St. Mary-of-the-Woods, Vigo county, and at once entered teaching. She was one of the teachers in the first city schools (Brazil) and was connected with educational mat¬ ters for about eight years. She was teaching when she married Mr. Haw¬ kins. She has been a worker in both church and Sunday School, having been a teacher in Sunday School for the past thirty years. Her father is a native of Clermont county, Ohio, and both he and his wife are living in Terre Haute, the former at the age of eighty years, and the latter, at eighty-three years of age. Hezekiah Wheeler came to Clay county with his father, David, and other members of the family, when he was a boy eight years old. He was a school teacher quite early in life; was auditor of Clay county for some eight years, and served as a school trustee of the town of Brazil long before the city by that name was platted. From 1864 to 1879 he was an active merchant at Brazil, being founder and senior member of the firm of Wheeler, Bridges & Company, dry goods merchants. After being in its employ for seven years, David Hawkins bought the business, and is therefore now at the head of an establishment which has been in existence for nearly forty-five years. After his retire¬ ment from business Mr. Wheeler removed to Terre Haute. He has been for many years a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, being a charter member of Brazil Lodge, No. 215.* His political affilia¬ tions have been with the Whigs and the Republicans.

Mr. and Mrs. Hawkins have a family of four children, as follows : Stella Wheeler, now the wife of Oran D. Walker, a resident of Indian¬ apolis; Alice M. ; Mabel, who died in infancy, and Lester Bennett Haw¬ kins. A Republican in politics, Mr. Hawkins has never been ambitious for public honors, devoting himself, instead, to his church, his family and his business. For many years he has been a leader in the denominational and charitable work of the Methodist church, being at the present time president of the local board of trustees.

Joseph Sebastian Christian Sowar, of the firm of Wehrle and Softar Company, enterprising merchants at Brazil, Indiana, is a native of Orleans, Orange county, Indiana, born July 21, 1861, son of Joseph H. W. and Elizabeth (Wehrle) Sowar. His father was born in Zanes¬ ville, Ohio, and died when but thirty-five years of age. The mother was born in Newark, Ohio, where she is now residing, aged seventy-tw*o years. They were united in marriage in Newark by Rev. Father Bender. The children of this union were: Joseph S. C., Flora, Ahvin, Edward, Ethella, Frances and Catherine. Flora, Ahvin and Catherine are de¬ ceased. The father was a marble cutter and followed this line of industry all of his active life. He went to Indiana and located at Orleans, spent a short time there and moved to Mitchell, Lawrence county, Indiana, where he died March 26, 1873.

Joseph S. C. Sowar went to Brazil when fourteen years of age and attended high school that winter (1875-6), and on June 26, 1876, entered the employ of Shannon and Turner, bakers and confectioners, with whom he learned the baker's trade. In 1878 the firm was changed to Shannon and Fast and on December 1, 1881, to Shannon, Fast and Sowar, Mr. Sowar having purchased a third interest in the business. In 1882 they built the brick building on the corner of National avenue and Slier fey street, and continued in the business until May, 1899, when Mr. Sowar sold his interest and in November of that year removed to Colorado Springs, Colorado. There he engaged in the wholesale candy business, but on account of his daughter's ill health sold it and returned to Brazil on the 19th of March, 1901. Upon his arrival he engaged in the boot and shoe trade, as a member of the firm of Wehrle and Sowar. In July of that year they bought the dry goods business of A. W. Turner, from which time the firm has been styled Wehrle and Sowar Company, operat¬ ing two stores - one for boots and shoes and the other a dry goods house.

Mr. Sowar is a thorough believer in the wisdom of advertising, his conversion to this faith dating from a very early age. It is related that when he was a lad of twelve years, soon after the death of his father, the widowed mother, who was put to sore straits to support her four boys and two girls, had managed to raise a fine crop of early cabbage, tomato and mango plants. This was during the hard times of 1873. Thousands of hardy young plants wrere ready to be placed upon the market; but where were the customers to be found ? The mother remarked that if they had a little money they might have some bills printed in order to let the people of the town known of the abundant supply. But the family treasury was nearly empty. Then young Joseph commenced to turn the matter over in his mind, the result being that he pocketed two cents, with which he bought foolscap paper, secretly made use of his father's sacred gold pen, and drew up the following advertisement : ''Cabbage Plants, Tomato Plants and Mango Pepper Plants for Sale. - JOSEPH SOWAR." Afraid to post his "ad" in the day, the boy sallied out with paste pot and home-made bills, a little after dark, and pasted them on the telegraph poles in the center of the town. The next day he went to school as usual and upon his return at noon asked his mother if anybody had come to the house to buy plants. Upon being informed that no one had appeared he began to feel downcast over the expenditure of the precious two cents, not to mention the waste of paste and time. In the afternoon he hurried home again from school, hoping that a few persons might have read his bills and responded, but as he approached the house he was surprised to see a large crowd in the yard and, upon rounding the corner of the building, he found his good and delighted mother selling the plants as fast as she could wrap them up and make change. Before nightfall every cabbage, tomato and mango plant in the family stock was sold and several citizens were bewailing the fact that it was too late for them to be¬ come customers. This experience proved a valuable business lesson to Mr. Sowar, and for years he has been one of the heaviest advertisers in the city, as well as up-to-date in every other regard.

In politics Mr. Sowar is a Republican, but prefers to apply his activ¬ ities and abilities to his private business rather than expend them on doubtful political honors. In his religious faith he is a Roman Catholic, and is a member of the Knights of Columbus and Young Men's Insti¬ tute. In the month of August, 1882, Mr. Sowar married Miss Anna

Davis, who was born in Caseyville, Illinois, daughter of David and Ann Davis, both of whom were natives of Wales. Her father was a coal miner by occupation. The children of Mr. and Mrs. Joseph S. C. Sowar are as follows: Gertrude, wife of George Reifenberg, who resides in Brazil ; Blanche, Catherine, Charles, David, Edwin and Elizabeth, also living in that city. Two children are deceased.

John I. Bryan, who is numbered among the prominent farmers of Posey township, was born on the farm on which he now resides in section 24, June 18, 1847. His father, Morgan H. Bryan, was for many years identified with the agricultural interests of this community, but was born in Henry county, Kentucky, May 5, 1812. After attaining to mature years he came to Indiana and located south of Terre Haute, but after one year there came to Clay county and entered forty acres of land in Posey township. He built his log cabin thereon, but after a short time moved from there to Billtown and worked on the National road for about two years, and at the close of that period returned to his former home in Posey township and built another log house, also cleared forty acres of his land. With the advancing years he added to his original purchase until he be¬ came the owner of one hundred and sixty acres, of which he cleared about one hundred and twenty acres and made the farm one of the best in the township. He married a native daughter of Montgomery county, Kentucky, Lydia Williams, born and reared there, and she was of English descent, while her husband was of Irish descent. They became the parents of eight children, all born in Posey township, three sons and five daugh¬ ters, and five of the number are now deceased. Mr. Bryan, the father, gave his political support throughout life to the Democracy, and he died on the old farm which he had cleared and improved here September 29, 1869, a valued and worthy member of the Predestinarian Baptist church.

John I. Bryan spent his boyhod days on the old Bryan farm here, attending the district schools of Posey township, and on the 25th of March, 1877, he was married to Minerva A. Triplett, who was born in Ohio, and departed this life February 1, 1905. She was reared in Dick Johnson township of Clay county, where her parents, French and Sarah Triplett, were prominent farming people. The eight children of this union are: Nora, Nellie, Luella, Charles W., Edna Pearl, Minnie, Ethel and Anna, all of whom were born on the homestead farm, and one, Min¬ nie, is now deceased. The Bryan farm contains eighty acres, a part of the homestead of his father, and he has cleared about twelve acres of this tract, and during the past five years he has operated a saw mill/ conduct¬ ing the mill during the winter months and farming in the summers. He gives his political allegiance to the Democratic party.

Roy L. Shattuck. - In the last half century the lawyer has been a pre-eminent factor in all affairs of private concern and national import¬ ance. The man versed in the laws of the country, as distinguished from business men or politicians, has been a recognized power. He has been depended upon to conserve the best and permanent interests of the whole city and without him and the approval of his practical judgment the effort of the statesman and the industry of the business man and mechanic would have proved futile. The reason is not far to seek. The professional lawyer is never the creature of circumstance. The profession is open to talent and eminence or success cannot be obtained except by indomitable energy, perseverance, patience and strong mentality. Moreover, the analytical power and inductive train of thought necessary to the lawyer enables him to readily understand any situation and to combine its parts into a whole. Possessing the requisite characters of the able lawyer, Mr. Shattuck has attained distinction at the bar and, moreover, is a factor in corporate business interests, while in public life as mayor of Brazil his service has been characterized by all that is progressive in municipal affairs. His record stands in contradistinction to the old adage that a prophet is never without honor save in his own country, for Mr. Shattuck is a native son of the city which has honored him by election to its chief office and which through the consensus of public opinion accords him prominence as a representative of the legal fraternity.

Mr. Shattuck was born June 2, 1871, his parents being Volney B. and Henrietta Bessie (Pearce) Shattuck. The father, a native of Vigo county, Indiana, was born March 10, 1846. His paternal grandfather, Benjamin F. Shattuck, was born in New York, June 4, 1813, and in 1820 became a resident of Vigo county, Indiana, whence he removed to Clay county in 1847. His first wife died June 25, 1851, and on the 18th of May, 1852, he wedded Marian James, a native of Monroe county, Ken¬ tucky, born November 20, 1830. By his first marriage he had seven chil¬ dren. He resided in Williamstown, Clay county, until the autumn of I^5S» when he took up his abode upon the present site of the city of Brazil, purchasing a large tract of land. As the years passed he pros¬ pered in his business pursuits and left to his family a valuable estate. By his second marriage there were born eight children. The death of the husband and father occurred June 14, 1871, and for some time he was survived by his widow, who managed the business interests of the estate. The family are all members of the Christian church and the name of Shattuck has in this county been synonymous with progress in material, intellectual and moral lines.

March 10, 1846, and was reared upon the home farm, early becoming familiar with all the duties and labors incident to its development. His educational privileges were somewhat limited owing to the primitive con¬ dition of the schools of that time, yet by industry and application he man¬ aged to acquire a fair business education and through reading and observa¬ tion as the years have gone by has constantly broadened his knowledge. In 1864, at the age of eighteen years, he responded to the country's call for troops, joining the One Hundred and Thirty-third Indiana Infantry, after which he was stationed at Bridgeport, Alabama, until the cessation of hostilities. When the war was over he returned home and engaged in teaming and in the livery business. Later he established a grocery store, but as the venture did not prove remunerative he sold out in 1877. He afterward filled the office of deputy under Sheriff Hagart and also under Sheriff Lankford, and subsequently was appointed to a position on the police force. In the spring of 1881, when the police force was reduced to two patrolmen, the choice of the board was for Mr. Shattuck and Charles Hutchinson. He has been an officer loyal to the public interests in every respect and over the record of his official career there falls no shadow of wrong nor suspicion of evil.

On the 16th of September, 1869, Mr. Shattuck was married to Miss Bessie Pearce, a native of Ross, Herefordshire, England. She was a mem¬ ber of the Christian church and lived a life loyal to its teachings, passing away on the 4th of July, 1895. By this marriage there were seven sons and two daughters: Roy L., whose name introduces this review; Ralphs T. ; Volta \ . ; Austin M.; Fred W. ; Edna H., who is engaged in teaching school; Flssa M.; Scott, who lost his life through coming in contact with an electric wire; and one who died in infancy. The father, Yolney B. Shattuck, still survives and is a respected citizen of Brazil. He belongs to General Canby Post, No. 2, G. A. R., and gives stalwart political allegiance to the Republican party.

Roy L. Shattuck, educated in the public schools of Brazil, passed through consecutive grades until he completed the high-school course by graduation with the class of 1888. He then took up the study of law and after private reading pursued a special course in law in the University of Indiana at Indianapolis. On the 5th of June, 1898, he opened an office in Brazil, and during the years 1901 and 1902 was associated in practice with his brother-in-law, Howard C. Carter. On the 5th of May, 1904, the present law firm of Shattuck & McNutt was organized. This is recognized as one of the strong law firms of the city and a liberal clientage is ac¬ corded them, connecting them with the most important litigation tried in the courts of the district. Mr. Shattuck's success in a professional way affords the best evidence of his capabilities in this line. He is a strong advocate with the jury and concise in his appeals before the courts. Much of the success which has attended him in his professional career is un¬ doubtedly due to the fact that he prepares his cases with great thorough¬ ness and care, preparing as well for the defense as for the attack. He throws himself easily and naturally into the argument with a self-posses¬ sion and deliberation that indicates no straining after effect, but showing a precision and clearness in his statement, an acuteness and strength in his argument which speak a mind trained in the severest school of investi¬ gation and to which the closest reasoning has become habitual and easy.

Mr. Shattuck has not only gained prominence at the bar but has also made a record as mayor of the city which reflects credit upon himself and his constituents. He was elected to the office of chief executive of the city in May, 1903, bv a large vote, and his first term of two years received public endorsement in the increased majority given him in No¬ vember, 1905, when he was re-elected by the largest vote ever given a mayor of Brazil. He entered upon his duties resolved that he would be mayor of the city and that he would be controlled by no machine or "boss" rule, and in the discharge of his duties has displayed a sense of conscien¬ tious obligation which is an indication of that seemingly universal move¬ ment toward cleaner and higher politics. He has advocated reform, has stood for progress and has secured the adoption of various measures which have been of direct value to the city. While a stalwart Republican, he has not been partisan in the discharge of his duties, and ever places the welfare of the community before personal aggrandizement. Believing firmlv in the principles of the Republican party, he has ever done what he could for its success and growth as a patriotic American citizen, and in 1892 served as secretary of the Republican county central committee. Aside from his professional interests he is vice president of the Brazil Lumber Company and is president of the Brazil Amusement Company, which is capitalized for ten thousand dollars.

On the 7th of October, 1894, Mr. Shattuck was married to Miss Olive Carter, who was born in Bowling Green, Clay county, Indiana, March 17, 1871, a daughter of Major William W. and Lucy (Campbell)

Carter. Her parents were married on the 16th of June, 1869, and had two children: Mrs. Shattuck, and Howard Carter, who engaged in the practice of law in partnership with Mr. Shattuck until his death, which occurred December 6, 1903.

Mr. and Mrs. Shattuck have become the parents of three children, but the second, Carter B., died in infancy. Those still living are Lucy E. and William B. In social circles Mr. and Mrs. Shattuck occupy a promi¬ nent position, while their own home is justly celebrated for its gracious and warm-hearted hospitality. Mr. Shattuck belongs to Centennial lodge, No. 541, A. F. and A. M. ; Brazil chapter, No. 59, R. A. M. ; and is a charter member of Elks lodge, No. 76 2, of which he has been exalted ruler for two terms. He is supreme counsel of the Home Defenders of America, and is a member of the Sons of Veterans. Throughout Brazil he is spoken of in terms of admiration and respect. His life has been so varied in its activity, so honorable in its purposes, so far-reaching and beneficial in its effects that it has become an integral part of the history of the city.

Major William W. Carter was born in Warren county, Ohio, Sep¬ tember 10, 1836, a son of John and Jemima (Patton) Carter, the former a native of Virginia, the latter of Indiana and of English and Welsh lineage. His paternal grandfather served as one of the heroes of the Revolutionary war and was with the forces under General Washington at the surrender of Yorktown. For a short time his father was a teamster in the second war with Great Britain. In October, 1837, he removed with his parents to Clay county, Indiana, the family home being established in Posey township, which at that time was an almost unbroken district. While spending his boyhood days in that pioneer home Major Carter learned the use of the axe, the mattock and the hoe, and in the primitive school of the neighborhood mastered the elementary branches of English learning. He was ambitious for an education, however, and at the age of seventeen eagerly availed himself of the opportunity offered of becom¬ ing a pupil in the literary department of Asbury University, where he remained for two years. He then determined to become a member of the bar, and to this end studied under the direction of Hon. R. W. Thompson and Hon. H. D. Scott, the former at one time secretary of the navy, while the latter was a member of congress and judge of the circuit court. In order to replenish his greatly depleted funds Major Carter again took up the work of the farm and when he had acquired a sufficient sum of money to enable him to continue his studies he matriculated in the law department of the Asbury University in 1857 and was graduated with honors in the spring of 1859. He located for practice in Bowling Green, then the county seat of Clay county, and a few months later formed a partnership with Hon. D. E. Williamson, of Greencastle, Indiana. He made rapid advance¬ ment at the bar and also attained prominence in public life. At that time Clay county was largely Democratic and Major Carter established the first Republican paper of the county - the Hoosier Patriot - which had an existence but a few months, however, from January until December, i860.

After the outbreak of the Civil war Major Carter put aside all busi¬ ness and personal considerations, offering his services to the government as a private of Company D, Seventy-first Indiana Volunteer Infantry, on the 22nd of July, 1862. He was mustered in on the 18th of August and went immediately to the front. At the first call for seventy-five thousand troops for three months he had raised at his home a company, but the call was tilled and he was compelled to disband his company. From that time until he became an active soldier at the front he was engaged in raising troops. The first engagement in which he participated was the battle of Richmond, Kentucky, August 30, 1862, on which date he and a large number of the regiment were captured, the battle resulting in defeat to the Union troops. After the prisoners had been paroled the regiment went to Camp Dick Thompson at Terre Haute, Indiana, and remained there until the last of December, 1862. An exchange of the prisoners was effected in the preceding September, and the regiment again went into active service. At Richmond, Kentucky, Major William Conkling had been killed and on the 13th of December, 1862, there occurred a remark¬ able incident of commissioning a private soldier to the command of the battalion, Private Carter being thus promoted over the heads of commis¬ sioned and non-commissioned officers to the rank of major. From Jan¬ uary, 1863, until the 4th of July the regiment was stationed at Indian¬ apolis, guarding rebel prisoners. It was then recruited and became the Sixth Indiana Cavalry. When Morgan made his raid into Indiana and Ohio, the Seventy-first Indiana was sent to the Ohio river to intercept the movement. During the succeeding September and October the battalion was stationed at Mount Sterling, Kentucky, and in November at Somerset and in December in eastern Tennessee, where they suffered greatly on ac¬ count of insufficient food and clothing. They then returned to Mount Sterling and afterward proceeded to Paris and to Camp Nelson, becoming a part of General Sherman's army, joining the main army near Dalton, Georgia, about the 10th of May, 1864. Major Carter's command re¬ mained with General Sherman's forces until they reached Atlanta, partici¬ pating actively in most of the great battles of that memorable campaign, after which they returned to Nashville. There orders came to proceed to Pulaski, Tennessee, where they participated in a hotly contested engage¬ ment with the Confederates under General Forrest. Major Carter there commanded a brigade and was complimented for his gallantry on the field by General Croxton. Major Carter returned to Nashville, but soon afterward became ill and for several weeks was confined to his bed at home. He rejoined his command soon after the battle of Nashville and in March, 1865, was ordered with his regiment from Edgefield to Pulaski, where, on the last day of June, they were mustered out and sent home. Major Carter was a brave and gallant officer, inspiring his men with his own valor and loyalty.

Returning to the north after the close of the war, Major Carter resumed the practice of law in Bowling Green and attained prominence in other lines. In 1868 he was the Republican candidate for congress and was defeated by a very small vote, running far ahead of the party ticket. In 1868 he became a law partner of Hon. Silas D. Coffey, which continued until March, 1881. In May, 1877, they removed to Brazil, which became the county seat of Clay county. In 1878 he was the Republican nominee for representative. He was always recognized as one of the prominent members of his party and stood loyally by its interests, although he well knew that it was the party of the minority in Clay county. On the 5th of April, 1883, he was appointed and commissioned by President Arthur as collector of internal revenue for the Seventh district of Indiana. The position is a most responsible one, but Major Carter discharged its duties with the same ability and dispatch which marked him as an able soldier.

He deserves classification with the eminent lawyers of the state, being recognized as a leader at the Clay county bar, while his abilities qualified him to cross swords in forensic combat with the most distinguished mem¬ bers of the profession in the state. His death occurred August 8, 1891, in Brazil, and thereby the county lost one of its representative and honored citizens. His widow still survives and is yet living in Brazil.

Robert Henkel, owner and publisher of the Daily Times of Brazil, which he established in 1888, was born in Germantown, Ohio, September 20, 1866. His parents, E. M. and Sarah J. Henkel, were also natives of Ohio and the father, who was a veteran of the Civil war, was associated with his son Robert in the newspaper business for sixteen years. The ancestry of the family is traced back to Count Henkel, who was father confessor to the Queen of Norway but espousing the cause of Martin Luther he was forced to flee to America and settled at Newmarket, Vir¬ ginia. The family has been connected with newspaper interests and the printing business for over a century. The grandfather of Robert Henkel was an artist, who engraved seals of states and did other art work. In 1806 he established at Newmarket, Virginia, a newspaper called The Shenandoah Valley , which paper has since been published by members of the family. He was also prominent in the moral development of the various localities, established many Lutheran churches in Ohio and was the first president of the Ohio State College at Columbus.

Robert Henkel pursued his education in the graded schools .of Crawfordsville, Indiana, to the age of fourteen years, when he entered the printing office, there readily mastering the business until after a three years' experience he established what is now the Crawfordsville Daily Journal He has been connected with newspaper interests for twenty-nine years, twenty-six years as a publisher, and is one of the well known repre¬ sentatives of journalism in Indiana. In 1879 he went into a newspaper office in Rockville, Indiana, and a year later entered the newspaper field at Crawfordsville. In 1883 he began the publication of the Crawfords¬ ville Daily Journal and in 1885 removed to Laporte, Indiana, where he established what is now the Laporte Daily Herald. A year later, how¬ ever, he sold that paper and removed to Coldwater, Kansas, where he was again in the newspaper business. In 1888 he established the Brazil Daily Times , having then but a capital of a dollar and sixty cents, and with no type, paper or any other supplies with which to establish the venture. However, he leased a small stock of type and turned his press by hand. The success which has attended the venture is indicated in considerable measure by the fact that he now has the largest newspaper plant in Clay county, while his printing office is thoroughly equipped with all modern devices known to the printer's art. Mr. Henkel has published an inde¬ pendent newspaper for twenty-five years. He has never been in politics nor championed the interests of the party, although he has stood loyally in defense of candidates whom he believed would prove capable, honest officials. He is now not only publishing the Daily Times , a most suc¬ cessful journal of Brazil, but is also supreme editor of the Home Defend¬ ers of America, in which connection he represents a fraternal insurance order, of which he was one of the founders. He is likewise treasurer of the Union Hospital Association of Brazil and he belongs to the Mod- , ern Woodmen camp and the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks.

was married to Miss Mary Josephine Cole, whose grandfather was the second resident of Minneapolis, Minnesota, and a director of the Henne¬ pin National Bank of that city at the time of his death. Mr. and Mrs. Henkel have two children living: Louise, born May 12, 1896; and Helen, born March 12, 1898. They lost one son, Frank, who was born in 1891, and died in 1898. Mr. Henkel has always been a man of broad and liberal views, a student of the signs and interests of the times, and yet fearless in defense of his individual opinions and honest convictions.

William W. Risher, the present superintendent and general man¬ ager of the Crawford Coal Company, was born in Pennsylvania within Westmoreland county, December 28, 1831, a son of John and Mary (Hawk) Risher. Air. Risher's father was born near Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, in 1797 and died aged eighty-two years. The mother was born in Westmoreland county, Pennsylvania, in 1799 and died aged eighty-six years. John Risher was a thrifty farmer in Pennsylvania, and in his religious faith was a Methodist. Politically, he first supported the Whig and later the Republican party, but never cared to hold public office. His wife was a member of the Methodist Episcopal church for sixty years. They had 12 children, eight sons and four daughters, of whom but three now survive, George W. dying in March, 1908. They are: William W. ; Isnid D., who resides in Sullivan county; and Samuel, of Brazil.

When but eleven years of age William W. commenced to work on the canal, for which he received seven dollars a month, and held such position for six years. At the age of seventeen years he walked seventyfive miles, to Mercer county. This was in August, 1848, and he worked at coal mining for one man for six years. He married and after mining about one year went into business with Samuel Strain at Sharon, Penn¬ sylvania. From 1857 to 1873 he, with his brother, J. T., mined coal near Middlesex, and in 1864 came to Brazil, Indiana, and leased coal lands with Samuel Strain, A. L. Crawford and J. M. Crawford. In all they leased about eighteen thousand acres of block coal land. They also pur¬ chased the Pilling mines at Knightsville and built the first building in the place, the same being used as their office. In 1866 they sunk the second shaft, which \*as near where the Methodist church now stands; Finally, Mr. Risher sold his interest in the mines to Hitchcock & An¬ drews, of Youngstown, Ohio, after which he located in the mining busi¬ ness on the Ohio river, near Newburg. This adventure did not prove successful and he operated at a considerable loss. He next returned to Brazil, Indiana, and there purchased the Ashley shaft, in the autumn of 1872; he had previously bought the Bartlett farm near Brazil. He also leased coal lands of V. Burch, Dickson & Co. Subsequently, he bought the improvement of the Ashley shaft and continued to operate this mine up to 1880, when he sold to the Brazil Block Coal Company. The next, two years he followed farming, but being a thorough coal man, he drifted back into the mining business, associating himself with the Craw¬ ford Coal Co., where he has been acting as superintendent and general manager for the last twenty years.

Mr. Risher has been twice married, first to Jane Kyle, February 15, 1853; she was born in Ireland and came to America with her parents when but nine years old. She died in September, 1865, the mother of four children - three sons and one daughter, two of whom now survive -

Almeda J., born July 21, 1858, and William R., born May 26, 1865. For his second wife Mr. Risher married June 19, 1866, Cordelia Mitchell, born near Xew Castle, Pennsylvania. She had followed school teaching in her young womanhood. She died June 5, 1882.

Aliiaix W. Adams, owning a half interest in the Daily Times of Brazil, was born in Monroe county, Indiana, March 26, 1870. He is a son of George W. and Caroline (Smock) Adams, and in the paternal line is of English lineage and in the maternal of German descent. The father, a painter by trade, was born in New York city, and the mother was a native of Kentucky. They were marired in Monroe county, In¬ diana, and became the parents of six children, of whom three are living. Mr. Adams served his country as a soldier in the Civil war, being a member of Company K, One Hundred and Forty-ninth Indiana Volun¬ teers.

Alhain W. Adams was the youngest child in his father's family, and pursued his education in the schools of Brazil. He has worked in a newspaper office from the age of sixteen years, beginning as "devil" in the office of the Brazil Register. Gradually he worked his way upward and when twenty-three years of age purchased that paper, which he con¬ ducted for five years, when he became reporter on the Daily Enterprise. Later he joined the reportorial staff of the Daily Times, with which he was thus associated for twelve years, and in 1905 he purchased a half interest in the paper. They own a most extensive newspaper plant in Clay county and the business is a most profitable one.

Mr. Adams was married at Knightsville, this county, in 1894, to Miss Lillian E. Scott, a daughter of John J. and Agnes (Snell) Scott, natives of England, in whose family were six children, all of whom are yet living. Mrs. Adams was the second in order of birth and for thirtytwo years has been a resident of Clay county. By her marriage she has become the mother of one son, Everal.

Mr. Adams is a Republican in his political views. His fraternal relations are with the Home Defenders, the Modern Woodmen, the Elks and the Knights and Ladies of Security. He is also a member of Brazil Lodge, No. 264, A. F. and A. M.

John Jeffers. - A man of marked ability, possessing keen business judgment, actively and successfully engaged in farming and stock-rais¬ ing, John Jeffers of Perry township, has for many years been prominently identified with the agricultural and industrial development and progress of this part of Clay county, and, as opportunity has occurred, has lent his aid and influence to encourage the establishment of beneficial enterprises. He was born October 20, 1851, in Perry township, a son of Andrew J. Jeffers, of whom a brief sketch may be found elsewhere in this volume. Fie comes from Pennsylvania stock, his paternal grandparents, James F. and Margaret (Reece) Jeffers, having been born, bred and married in that state.

Coming with his parents to Clay county, Indiana, from Clermont county, Ohio, where his birth occurred April 30, 1816, Andrew J. Jeffers lived on the homestead until after his marriage, and then settled first in Sugar Ridge township. Fie subsequently bought land in Perry town¬ ship, and was here prosperously employed in tilling the soil until his death, August 31, 1889, aged seventy-two years four months and one day.

He had volunteered in the Second Indiana Cavalry in 1861 and served three years. He married Jane Gilbert, who was born in Clermont county, Ohio, February 14, 1819, and died on the home farm in Perry township October 13, 1894.

The sixth child in succession of birth of a family consisting of seven boys and two girls, John Jeffers remained with his parents until about sixteen years old, and then began life for himself as a farm laborer. Although his earnings were not munificent, he was prudent in his expenditures, and having accumulated some money he bought in 1875 forty acres of timber land in section twenty-six, Perry township, and at once began its improvement. During the years that have since elapsed Mr. Jeffers has from time to time added to his acreage, and has diligently improved his property, continually adding to its value, and has now four hundred acres of fine land, mostly under a good state of cultivation. He makes a specialty of growing stock and keeps the best grades of cattle, having Short-Horns and Poll-Angus cattle, Poland-China hogs, and Norman-Percheron horses, and is a large shipper of stock to Chicago, Indianapolis and Pittsburg. His estate, with its modernly-constructed residence and substantial buildings, is one of the most attractive in the neighborhood, giving ample evidence to the passer-by of Mr. Jeffers' skill and good taste as a practical farmer and rural householder.

On June 8, 1878, Mr. Jeffers married Sarah Alice Pearcy. She was born in this township October 24, 1856, a daughter of Milton H. Pearcy. Her father, a native of Kentucky, was a son of George and Sarah Pearcy, and married Matilda Donham, who was born in Ohio, a daughter of John and Susan (Reece) Donham, natives, respectively, of Ohio and Pennsylvania. Seven children have been born of the union of Mr. and Mrs. Jeffers, namely: Lewis Cass, who died at the age of two years; Rosa E., wife of Fred Butt, of Posey township; Hattie; Mamie, wife of Ray Miller, of Ashboro, Indiana; Andrew J. ; Margaret Verna; and Milton Harvey. Politically Mr. Jeffers is an earnest supporter of the principles of the Republican party, and has twice been elected trustee of Perry township. Religiously he is an adherent of the Methodist Epis¬ copal church, but Mrs. Jeffers and their two daughters, Mamie and Hat¬ tie, are members of the Methodist Episcopal church at Saline City, Indiana.

Thomas Cullin, for nearly thirty-five years a leading farmer and stock man of Clay county, saw also active service during the last year of the Civil war, and was a citizen of true worth in the best American sense of the word. He was born in Ireland, and by the death of his mother when he was eighteen years of age became the main support of the children of the family. With three sisters and a brother he came to the United States, located at Venice, Ohio, learned the blacksmith's trade, and assisted in the support of the family until its different members themselves secured means of livelihood. Later he removed to Bowling Green, and there followed his trade until 1864, when he enlisted in Com¬ pany D, Seventh Indiana Volunteer Infantry. While in action he re¬ ceived a saber wound in the head and came home to recuperate, but soon returned to the front and served until his discharge, being at the time second lieutenant of his company.

a farm just east of Bowling Green. He continued to add to his landed possessions until he was the owner of six hundred acres of land in Washington township, not only conducting general farming on a large scale but continuing to raise horses and cattle and deal in livestock. He was a man of unimpeachable integrity and marked business ability, and died on his homestead near Bowling Green on the 29th of April, 1899. at the age of seventy years. He was a member of the Methodist Epis¬ copal church; belonged to the Masonic lodge No. 85, of Bowling Green, and was actively identified with the local Grand Army lodge. . His par¬ ents, Thomas and Mary (Bell) Cullin, both died in the mother land.

On May 30, 1858, Thomas Cullin was joined in marriage to Miss Ann Moss, born in Bowling Green February 3, 1842, daughter of Henry and Jane (Blatton) Moss, the father being a native of South Carolina and the mother of Virginia. The issue of the union consisted of the following children: Jennie, now Mrs. Smith Campbell, of Bowling Green ; Edward M., of Washington township, whose sketch will be found elsewhere in this history ; H. Curtis, also of Washington township ; John, who is still living with his mother and engaged in the conduct of the home farm; and Mary Hannah, who died in infancy. Since her hus¬ band's death the widow has resided in Bowling Green, where her husband had purchased property and was living retired. She is now classed with the pioneers of the county, and is widely honored for her faithfulness as a wife and mother and the sterling traits of her character in general.

David Diel. - Among the highly respected and esteemed citizens of Clay City is David Diel, who is now living retired from active pursuits. His father, Jacob Diel, and his grandfather, Henry Diel, were both natives of Pennsylvania, where Adam Diel, the great-grandfather of David, settled on coming from Germany to this country, and where he spent the remainder of his life.

Henry Diel was born, reared and married in Berks county, Pennsyl¬ vania, but in 1812 moved from there to Ohio, taking with him his wife, four children and all of his earthly possessions. A pioneer of Montgom¬ ery county, he bought a tract of timbered land that is now included within the corporate limits of the city of Dayton. He was the first black¬ smith in that locality, and one of the first in the county. After a resi¬ dence there of twenty years he settled in Wayne county, Indiana, which was then in its primitive wildness. Purchasing one hundred and sixty acres of timbered land, he cleared and improved the farm, on which he carried on general farming for twenty-two years. Coming then to Jackson township, Clay county, he purchased a partly improved farm, the management of which he left to his son Joseph, who was still a member of the parental household. There he lived, retired from the activities of life, until his death, September 15, 1858, at the venerable age of ninety years. He married Elizabeth Hetsel, who was born, of German parents, in Pennsylvania, and died at the very advanced age of ninety-six years. She belonged to a family noted for its longevity, her father having attained the age of ninety-nine years.