Kosciusko County, Indiana - The whole text, 1887 (part 15 of 21)

1"°^ J ° in Preston County, West Virginia, September G, 1835. His mother died when he was quite young, leaving a brother and sister older than himself. He was taken into the family of John Anglin, who then lived in Barbour County, sixty miles away, near Phillippi. In the fall of 1836 the Anglins, with a number of other families, started for this county, and secretly brought him with them. They first stopped in Prairie Township. In the fall of 1839 they entered forty acres of wild land from the Government; afterward adding eighty acres more. He was but four years old when brought to this fai-m, right in the woods. The family moved into a small log cabin, in which they lived for many years. There were but three families living within a radius of two miles, their names being Martin, Anglin and Biggs. This was then a wild country, full of all kinds of wild game, and the Indians were yet here in the county. Mr. Zinn was i-eared in Anglin's family as one of their own children, and for many years he knew no difference, but was treated as their own child. The first school was taught in the neighborhood in a log cabin, the half of one end cut out and fixed for a fireplace to burn big logs in. It was a three months subscription school, and it was a number of years before they had any better. The people had hard times to get along. Their grain market was Michigan City and Fort Wayne, some sixty or seventy miles away. For their wheat they got from 60 to 65 cents per bushel. He attended a short term of school eacli winter tititil lie was eighteen years old. During this time he learned that he was not legally one of Anglin's children, but could not learn how it was, and in the latter part of December, 1860, he started, in company with J. W. Anglin, of Galveston, fur "West Virginia, his object being to learn something about his former history, and if he had an}' relatives on this e rth. They lirst landed at Phillippi, Barbour County. Here they witnessed the scene of a number of colored men, women atid children sold on the block to the highest bidder. Here the first battle of our late war was fought. He remained two weeks in this county, but learned but little about his history. He only had distant relatives there, but learned he had near relatives in Preston County, some sixty miles away, and leaving Mr. Anglin with his friends Ire started alone on a horse for Preston County, and on the second day, late in the evening, he arrived at his grandmother Weaver's. She was then eighty-live years old. After refusing to let him stay over night with them, he asked her what she remembered about a child being taken away from that neighborhood many years ago. She knew all about it. Mr. Anglin had taken the child West, and it had died when quite small, and they never expected to see him. He continued the conversation with her until she was convinced that he was the lost child, and had returned to the home in which he was born. He remained two weeks in this county with his friends. He was informed there that his father, brother and sister were yet living. His brother was living in Weston, Lewis County, about eighty miles from there. His sister lived in Richie County, sixty miles from Weston. His father had married again, and in 1852 moved with his family to Hancock County, Illinois. He returned the horse he had borrowed in Barbour County, and went on foot to AVeston. His brother wa^ away on business, and he did not see him, but lie continued his journey on foot si.\ty miles farther to Richie County, through a wild, rough and mountainous country, alone. There he met his sister, grandmother Zinn, and a large number of relatives, all of whom had been informed tliat he had died when young. He was then twenty-five years of age. He stopped with them two weeks, and then returned home. He had always gone by the name of Anglin, but had now learned that that was not his proper name, and at once chaTiged his name to Zinn. He was married January 2, 1862, to Miss Mary E. Lucas, daughter of James and Catherine Lucas. To this union were born eight children. One died in infancy, and seven are living, whose names are - Hiram C, James F., Morris D., Eva A., Charles C, Ruth E. and Robert W. His wife was born in New Philadelphia, Tuscarawas Count\', Ohio, October 4, 1841, and moved with her parents and grandparents to this county in 1855. Her father enlisted in the late war, and returned home on a sick furlough, and died in 1863. James Lucas Atwood Post was named in his honor. In 1863 John Anglin and wife, Mr. Zinn's foster-parents, were left alone and unable to take care of themselves and the farm. By a mutual request of them and their children, Mr. Zinu came to take care of tiiem. In 1864 they both died, leaving the farm by will to him. Fourteen years of hard work and care have added to and made great improvements over 100 acres of cultivated land and good farm buildings. He was elected township assessor, and held the office three terms in succession. Afterward he was elected township trustee, and served two years with satisfaction. His former politics were Democratic, but the last two years he has been a Prohibitionist, and had the honor of being a candidate for county treasurer on that ticket in the tall of 1886. Mr. Zinn's grandparents were all Pennsylvanians, and lived to a good old age. His father is yet living, in his eighty-tirst year. Mr. Zinn has been in the West four different times. He has seen the Niagara Falls, and was at the Centennial. He and his wife are both members of the Methodist Episcopal church.

l^ERBERT HUFFMAN, a prominent l^^i farmer of Plain Township, was bom in TS^d Elkhart County, this State, December 25, 1842. His parents were Elkanah and Mary J. Huffman, of whom mention is made in another portion of this volume. He was reared a farmer, and like most yonng men of his time received but a limited education. Jan nary 6, 1864, he was married to Mary E. Thompson, of Southern Indiana, who died in March, 1867, leaving one child - Frank M. October 12, 1876, he married Cynthia A. Thompson, daughter of Charles Thompson, of this county. Mr. Huffman owns a wellimproved farm of 110 acres. He is a member of tlie Masonic fraternity at Leesburgh, and in politics he is a Democrat.

fACOB EOSBRUGH, a prominent pioneer of Plain Township, was born in Greenfield, Highland County, Ohio, December 30, 1813, son of Hilkiah and Susan Rosbrugh. Twelve children were born to bis parents, all of whom grew to maturity, and six of whom survive - Henrj', Jacob, Nancy, Thomas, Michael and Peter. Jacob was reared in his native State, and when in his twenty-first year, in 1834, went to Cass County, Michigan, over rough roads and stony paths, on horseback. He remained there a year and nine mouths. In 1837 he pre-empted land in this county, upon which he settled in April of that year, " in the woods," enduring, like others, all the hardships of pioneer life. January 1, 1837, he was married, in Cass County, to Melissa Grubb, formerly of Logan County, Ohio. They have had eleven children, eight of whom survive - Benaiah, Andrew W., Susan, Julia, Jane, Stephen V., Eliza and Melissa. William, Cornelia and Olive M. are deceased. Mr. Rosbrugii has probably seen as much of pioneer life as any one in Plain Township. He owns valuable real estate, and has served as road supervisor. In politics he is a staunch Republican. He is a liberal contributor to all worthy enterprises. Mrs. Rosbrugh died March 21, 1880.

,ENJAMIN A. THOMAS, farmer, sec- , tion 34, Scott Township, was born in that township December 9, 1851. His father, Samuel S. Thomas, is a native of North Carolina, and his mother, Eliza (Beckner) Thomas, is a native of Ohio. Samuel S. Tliomas removed with his parents from North Carolina to Union County, Indiana, about 1888; thence to Elkhart County about 1836. Jacob Beckner removed to Elkhart County from Ohio about 1834, remaining there until 1847. Samuel S. Thomas and Eliza Beckner were married June 10, 1847, and removed to Scott Township, Kosciusko County, where he purchased eighty acres of unimproved land, which he has since cleared, and it is now in a good state of cultivation. They had twelve childi-en, five dj'ing in infancy. Those living are - William, Benjamin A., Chancy II.; Dovey E., who married Adam C. Gearliart; Samuel F., Solomon p., and Sally E., who niai'ried John Yurian. Our subject worked at the carpenter's trade until 1S82, when he began fanning. He was married April 29, 1880, to Miss Mary C. Phares, daughter of Amos and Elizabeth (Minnis) Phares, both natives of Virginia. Mr. and Mrs. Thomas have one child - Ghaddis G. Mr. Thomas purchased twenty acres of unimproved land, which he has cleared. He has built a nice residence and good farm buildings. In the spring of 1882 Mi-. Thomas was elected township assessor, and in the spring of 1886 was re-elected. Politically he aftiliates with the Democratic partv. His wife is a member of the Christian church.

,:^"^()SES WALLACE, deceased, was .\i. L\- '""'" '" Greenbrier C-!ounty, Virginia, ^-i^s^^ March 31, 1820, son of Robert and Mary Wallace. He came to this county in 1844, and remained a resident until his decease, Ajiril 12, 1885. He endured the hardships that usually attended the life of the early pioneer, having settled in the forest and spent many years of earnest toil and industry, the fruits of which developed a comfortable home for his family. He left each surviving member in good circumstances. His life was devoted to agricultural pursuits, and of him it can truly be said that he was an honest man, the noblest work of God. Like all young men of the olden time he was early inured to hardships, and his educational advantages were limited, but by his own efforts in after life he became a well-informed man, displaying excellent judgment in business affairs. He left a large estate, the accumulation of which required that shrewd sagacity and management to an extent which few men possess. Strictly honorable in his dealings with his fellow-man, the wrong-doer could expect no sympathy from him. Li his domestic relation he was a kind and affectionate husband and father, and socially his many manly qualities were recognized by all who had the pleasure of his acquaintance. He was twice married. His first wife was Elizabeth Stevenson, of this county, by wlioni he had one child - Mate E., deceased. In February, 1851, he was married to Mrs. Ts'ancy, widow of Samuel Davis, formerly of Ohio. She was a sister of Milton Jeffries, of Plain Township. To this union have been born three children - Mary, now Mrs. William J. Banks, of this county; Samuel, and Sarah E., now Mrs. James S. Black, of Clarke County, Ohio. By her first marriage Mrs. Wallace had one child - John L., deceased. Politically Mr. Wallace was a Eepubliean. He was a member of the Masonic fraternity, who, at his death, did him honor. His wife still resides at the old homestead, on section 31, Plain Township, and is a highly respected member of society.

|W|NDPtEAY J. PAIR, merchant, of Warr"^;. saw, Indiana, was born in Wayne Coun- ty, Ohio, June 21, 1816, a son of George and Mary Ann Bair, the former a native of Pennsylvania, and the latter of Ohio, both of German ancestry. He was reared a farmer, but when twenty years of age obtained employment in a store in Wooater, Ohio, where he remained until 1841, and in the meantime during his leisure hours studied law. On leaving Wooster he went to Marion, ^Marion County, Ohio, where he engaged in the practice of law, and edited the Marion County Whig, rem.aining there eighteen months. In 1 43 he came to Kosciusko County and located at Warsaw, practicing three or four years, and in the meantime was elected and served one year as prosecuting attorney of Kosciusko County. In 1846 he abandoned the practice of hxw and founded the Kosciusko County Repuhlican, the first paper printed and published in Warsaw. In 1852 he sold his printing establishment, and was variously engaged until 1857, and from that year until 1868 was in the drug business. In the fall of 1868 he was elected treasurer of Kosciusko County, for a term of two years, and in 1870 was re-elected. Since 1875 he has been in tlie boot and shoe business, and is now one of the prominent merchants of Warsaw. He was married in March, 1849, to Eliza J. Hazzard, daughter of David Hazzard, of Marshall, Indiana. She died at Warsaw in 1854, leaving three children - Jerome, Henry and Mary E. The sons are deceased, and the daughter is the wife of Dr. H. W. West, of Yates Center, Kansas. In 1858 Mr. Bair marri>;d Mary E. Boulton, of Bourbon, Indiana. They have two children - Frank L., who is clerking for his father, and Louis L., of Wichita, Kansas. Mr. and Mrs. Bair are members of the Presbyterian church. He is a member of the Odd Fellows' order, both lodge and encampment.

fOHN F. POUND, farmer and teacher, was born in Montgomery County, Ohio, March 22, 1852. His father, Philip Pound, is a resident of Plain Township. His mother, Rosanna Pound, is deceased. In 1859 Mr. Pound removed to Elkhart County with his parents, and in 1870 came to this county. He received his early education in the public schools of Elkhart County. In the spriii<£ of 1874 he entered the Normal scliool at Valparaiso, graduating in the scientific course in 1876. For fifteen years he has been a successful teacher in Elkhart and Kosciusko counties. In September, 1884, he was married to Miss Sarah J. Denman, daugiiter of Rev. Abner Denman, formerly a pastor of the Baptist church at Oswego, this county. Mr. Pound settled upon his present farm, on section 34, in 1880. He is identified with the Republican party, and himself and wife are leading members of society.

T^TILLIAM DEWART, one of the suc- \/\r cessful farmers of Van Buren Town- \^^y^ ship, is a native of Pennsylvania, born in Northumberland County, June 4, 1836, a son of Samuel and Margaret Dewart, who were also born in the State of Pennsylvania. They were among the early pioneers of Kosciusko County, settling on section 24, Van Buren Township, when our subject was a boy. The principal inhabitants at that early day were Indians. The father first erected a log cabin for his family, building it in the woods, and then went to work to clear up his heavily timbered land, and the first year had a small crop of liuekwheat. With the help of his sons the old pioneer cleared his farm, converting it from a natural state into one of the best farms in Van Buren Township, living on it till his death, which occurred in 1853. His widow survived him till 1877. They were the parents of nine children, of whom only three are now living - Lewis, Simon and William. The names of those deceased are - Gilbert, Samuel, Jemima, Amos, Reuben and John. William Dewart, the subject of this sketch, grew to manhood in Kosciusko County, being reared to the avocation of a farmer, and receiving in his ! youth such educational advantages as the ! district schools of that day atibrded. He was married May 24, 1863. to Miss Caroline -I' Siiarp. who was horn in Fulton County, Penn- ''', sylvania, October 9, 1842. Her parents, j]' David and Sarali Sharp, came from Pennsyl- J^' vania to Kosciusko County, Indiana, in an ;"', early day, and settled on a heavily timbered - ' farm in Turkey Creek Township, which they J<' cleared and improved, and are still living ^' tliere. Tliey had born to them eleven chily dren, of whom ten are living - George, Caro- -^'' line, Joab, Susan, Mary, John, James, }', William P., Matthew and Eliza. Sarah E. -1' is lieceased. To Mr. and Mrs. Devvart have been born live children - Mary E., David; Martha A., Norman and Ohloe. Mr. Dewart has met with excellent success in his farming operations, and now owns a well-improved farm, containing 105 acres, which he has ac- (juired by years of persevering toil and industry. In politics he is a Democrat. Both he and his wife are members of the United Brethren church, of which he is at present .iLli serving as trustee and steward.

'^TTLLIAM BENFOPtD was born No- \/\j vember 5, 1810, in Somerset County, i~y^^-j Pennsylvania, where he was reared until his majority, when he went to Ohio and served an apprenticeship with Mr. Biicy, a miller at Yellow Springs. After this term of service he went to Elkhart County, Indiana, where he took charge of a grist-mill erected by Mr. Baker at Waterford, one of the first mills in the county. He followed milling up to near the time of his marriage. He was married to Mary M. Rhorer November 28, 1843. After this event he bought, cleared and improved several farms in the county, disposing of them when they advanced in value. Jn the spring of 185(3 he moved to New Paris, where he engaged in the mercantile trade until April, 1865, when he moved to Milford, Kosciusko County, where he continued in the mercantile business until a short time before his death. In May, 1868, he purchased an interest in the Milfoi'd Mills, which he retained until his death. "When he moved to Milford, in 1865, there was not a meeting-house in the village; nowhere for Christians to meet and worship in save an old school-house, where the JVtethodist Episcopal class (then few in number) met occasionally to worship. Mr. Benford and tiie minister in charge soon saw the necessity of having a better place of worship, and by putting thought into action they succeeded in building a comfortable house, which is still in use liy that denomination. To the building of this house Mr. Benford paid $1,500, besides much labor. Previous to this he liad helped with means to build the first meeting-house in New Paris, Elkhart County. He was a Methodist in the true sen&e of the term, always ready to bear his share of church l)urden. He served the church in various capacities, as Sabbathschool superintendent, steward and classleader. He was a member of the Methodist Episcopal church for over thirty years, and was respected by all who knew him. He paid over $1,000 to the Cincinnati, Wabash i& Michigan Eailroad. He also built one or more business houses in Milford, thus contributing of his means to the improvement and advancement of his adopted county and State. He was a true Republican, but not an aspirant for office. He did what he could for the party of his choice in a quiet, unassuming way. He began work for himself poor, but by habits of industry and economy he acquired considerable property. He was honest in business, noble in purpose and . generous at lieai't. Thus ends a short history of one of Indiana's best men. He died

August 16, 1877, and was buried in the New Paris cemetery, there to await his Master's ealL His wife (ilary M.) survives him, and is identified with the Methodist Episcopal church. Slie is now the wife of James Skellej, to whom she was married December 13, 1885.

ffERRY E. STEPHENSON, sheriff of Kosciusko County, was born in Van ""K, Buren Township, this county, February 9, 1842. He was reared a farmer, and received as good an education as the times afforded. The school-house was a long distance from his home, and he could only attend when not busy with farm work. His father, Samuel Stephenson, was one of the earliest pioneers of Kosciusko County. He purchased land at the Government land sales in 1834, and improved a farm of 160 acres in Van Euren Township. He came from Jackson County, Ohio, in 1834. He died at Leesburgh in 1874, having retired from farming, at the age of seventy j^ears. He was a native of Virginia, and of Irish origin. He was a member of the Baptist church, and politically an enthusiastic Republican. He belonged to the Masonic fraternity, and was buried with the rites of their order. The mother of our subject, Dorcas (Groves) Stephenson, was a native of Ohio, and of German ancestry. She married Mr. Stephenson in Ohio, and soon afterward came with him to the timbered wilds of Kosciusko County. Indians were then numerous, and for a time their only neighbors. She died at Leesburgh in 1871, at the age of sixty-three years. She M'as an efficient member of the Baptist church. They were the parents of eleven children, of whom the subject of this sketch is the seventh. Mr. Stephenson remained on the homestead until

February 17, 1864, when he enlisted in the Union army as a private in Company I, Seventy-fourth Indiana Infantry. He remained in the service until the close of the war. He was in all the battles of the Atlanta campaign, in Sherman's march to the sea, and through the Carolinas to Richmond, Virginia, and was not absent from his regiment or off duty while out. He was discharged at Indianapolis August 5, 1865, after being mustered out at Louisville, Kentucky. He then engaged in farming in Plain Township, but his health being impaired in consequence of his exposure while in the service, he was obliged to abandon farm life. He was next engaged in the drug business at Leesburgh, being associated with his father, as Stephenson A: Son. They continued this business about two years, when William D. Wood became his father's successor, changing the firm name to Stejihenson & Wood. This tirm continued ten years, the business relation being very pleasant. He was postmaster at Leesburgh from 1869 until 1880. He tlien retired from the drug business and became associated with Henry Berst in the live-stock and grain business at Leesburgh, in the firm name of Berst & Stephenson. They built the present steam elevator at Leesburgh. During the time Mr. Stephenson was associated with Mr. Berst, he was also engaged in the dry goods business at Leesburgh, with William Zimmerman for a partner, as Zimmerman & Stephenson. He retired from this firm in 1882, and engaged in farming. In 1884 he was elected sheriff of this county on the Republican ticket, and came to Warsaw to assume the duties of that office, and was re-elected in 1886 by an increased majority. February 25, 18G4, after his enlistment, he was married in Plain Township to Mary M. Thomas, daughter of Antipass and Nancy (Johnson) Thotnas. They have five children - Charles H., Eerton L.,

George. Cora and Ollie. All are at home, and students of the Wai'saw high school. Mr. Stephenson and wife are members of the Christian church. Mr. Stephenson is a Master Mason, and member of Leesburgh Lodge, JS'o. 181. lie is also an encampment Odd Fellow, and lielongs to the lodge and encampment at Leesburgh. He has passed the chairs of both, and was the first noble grand of the lodge, and first chief patriarch of the encampment of Leesburgli. He is also a comrade of J. A. (!anfield Post, C. A. R., at Leesburgh. lie sustained tlie reputation of an efficient officer, an honorable and upright citizen, ever ready to lend aid to the needy, and always a hearty supporter of pul.)lic enterprise. He gained a host of friends aiul maintained their love and confidence.

§AMUEL I). ANGLIN, superintendent I of schools of Kosciusko County, was .J- born in Prairie Township, this county. May 9, 1843. His father, James Anglin, was a native of West Virginia and of Irish ancestry. His mother, Matilda M. (Hall) Anglin, was also a native of West Virginia, and of Scottish ancestry. Both parents are deceased. Samuel 1). was reared a tarmer, and obtained his early education in the common district school. At the age of eighteen he entered the il. E. College at Valparaiso, this State, taking an irregular course, and attending a part of each year I'or three years. He then attended the Iron City Commercial College at Pittsburg, where he graduated in the spring of 1865. From that time until 1881 he taught school during the winter season and worked on a fai-m during the summer. In June of that year he was elected county superiutendent of schools, and reelected in June, 1883, and in June, 1885, the term being two years. Politically he affiliates with the Democratic party. November 22, 1866, he was married at Warsaw to Miss Axsa S. Boggs, daughter of Andrew H. and Martha A. (Thomas) Boggs, pioneers of Kosciusko County. They have four children - Etta Estella, James Hamilton, Thomas Wayne and Rolla Ancil. Mr. and Mrs. Anglin are memliersof the Christian church at Warsaw.

,Wf HEODURE L. HAMMOND, a pros- -(ji I , ]>erous farmer of Van Buren Township, ^^ was born in Lancaster County, Ohio, November 12, 1850, a son of David M. and Susan Hammond, his father a native of Maryland, and his mother of Virginia. When he was eighteen months old his parents moved to Whitley County, Indiana, and there lie was reared and educated. When he was fourteen years old his parents died, leaving six children, all of whom are living - William, Joseph, David, Theodore L., Charles and Mary. After the death of his parents he was thrown on his own resources, and from that time has taken care of himself. He came to Kosciusko County in 1877, and located on section 36, Van Buren Township, where he lived nearly eight years, moving to his present home on section 35 in the fall of 1884. He owns a well-improved farm of ninety-eight acres, and his farm buildings are among the best in the township. His property has been gained by industry and good management, and although a poor boy when he started for himself he is now numbered among the prosperous farmers of the township. Mr. Hammond was married October 6, 1872, in Elkliart County, Indiana, to Mary M. Linderman, a native of that county, born September 22, 1851, a daughter of John and

Hannah Linderman, her father a native of Germany, and her mother of Ohio. Of eleven children in her father's family, eight are living - Jacob F., Jesse C, Mary M., Sarali E., Annie C, Christena R., Sabina 11. and Joanna E. To Mr. and Mrs. Hammond has been born one daughter - Sabina, born December 8, 1886. In politics Mr. Hammond is neutral. He and his wife are members of the Dunkard church. He is a liberal supporter of all enterprises of public benefit, aiul is an honored member of society.

;^!OTTLOB GU(4ELEIl, farmer, section .' I T7. 1, Tippecanoe Township, owns sixt}'- W'- two acres of land on section 1, and 100 acres on section 36, Turkey Creek Township, making a total of 162 acres of the old farm, and he also owns 105 acres on section 27, Turkey Creek Township. He came here with his parents in 1847 and settled in his present home, where he has lived ever since. There Were eight children in his father's family, and all came to the county at the same time except his sister, Ilosina, who married in Pennsylvania, and came the following year. There was a small log cabin on the place when the family came, and four or live acres had been cleared. Mr. Gugeler's father, Gottlob Gngeler, was born in Germany in 1793, and was reared and married there. All their children were born in Germany. The father died March 14, 1873, on the old farm, and was buried in Webster cemetery. The mother, Eberhardyna (Othlieb) Gngeler, was born in Germany September 14, 1793, and is still living on the old farm where the family first settled, at the age of ninety-three years. The father and his family came to America in 1846, landing in New York in September, and settled in Erie, Pennsylvania, where they li\'ed till the next spring, then they came to Kosciusko County, Indiana. The mother is supposed to be the oldest person in the county, and Benjamin Johnson is the next oldest. She is around the house and does all the work except the washing. Her son Gottlob helps her by carrying in the wood and water, and she does the rest. Gottlob was born in Wurtembnrg, Germany, February 22, 1820, where he was reared and attended the common schools of his native city. His brothers and sisters are still living, except his sister Louisa, who died in Ligonier, Indiana. Their names are as follows - Henrietta, Gottlieb, Kosina, Jacol>, Christian, Louisa and William. All except Gottlob and Henrietta are living in Dickinson County, Kansas. Mr. Gngeler is a Pepublican in politics, and himself and mother are members of the Albright church.

^^ ary 5, 1816, a son of Thomas and Murgret (Byford) Hughes, the former a native of South Carolina, and the latter of Xorth Carolina. They were married in Indiana, while it was yet a Territory, probably in 1814. They reared a family of ten children - Caleb, Mary, Elizabeth, Sabitha, Levica, William, John, David, Hester and Martha. The two latter were born in this county after the family settled here, in 1835. A permanent location was made on section 1, Prairie Township. Caleb received a liberal education before coming to this county, and was quite a mathematician. Being desirous of completing his education, he attended a school in his disti'ict, but the teacher was incapable of further instruction in mathematics, consequently Caleb prosecuted his

Studies alone. lie mastered civil engineeriiio; in this way, and in 1864 he was elected surveyor of Kosciusko County, serving from tliat date, with the exception of one year, until 1884. In 1841 he was married to Rehecca Eaker, of this county. Four children have heen born to them - .Joanna, deceased; -Tohn njarried Prudie Wallace; Jemima, tlie wife of Nathaniel Sleeper, and Ira, deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Hughes have been residents of Warsaw for twenty-two years, and none know them except to do them honor. Perhaps there is no man better known in this county than Mr. Hughes, his long service, wliich has been so satisfactory to the people of this county, endearing him to both old and young. He lias passed his seventy-iirst birthday, and his wife is in her sixty-eighth year. Both are well-preserved and enjoy life, /rem the fact of their freedom from physical infirmities, and the knowledge of liaving lived blameless lives.

fACtJB SMITH, a prosperous farmer of Prairie Township, was born in Crawford -,^ County, Pennsylvania, August 25, 1806, a son of Peter and Rachel (Reynolds) Smith, natives of the same State. They grew to maturity in that State and were married al)out the year 1799, eight children being liorn to them - Fane, wife of James Bishop, of Pennsylvania; Ibby, deceased; Jacob, our subject; Mary, wife of Nehemiah Turner, of Minnesota; Nancy, deceased; Ruth, wife of John Laughtery, both now deceased; Isabel, wife of Eli Turner, both of whom are deceased, and James IL, deceased, lost on Lake Erie on Brandy Wine. The father died in Pennsylvania at the age of sixty-three years. The mother died in Minnesota at the advanced age i>f eighty-four years. Jacob Smith, whose name heads this sketch, grew to manhood in his native State. In the fall of 1829 he came to Indiana, locating in Logansport, Cass County, where he resided till 1833. In that year he came to Prairie Township, Koscinsko County, being one of tlie early settlers of the township. In 1834 he purchased 320 acres of land which was entirely unimproved, from Edward McCartney, Government agent and Indian interpreter. He soon sold 160 acres of his land, and afterward added 183 acres, all of his land being now under a fine state of cultivation. He was married November 16, 1832, to Miss Jerusha Thomas, a daughter of Isaac and Mary (Lumbeck) Thomas, who were natives of Kentucky, and of Swedish descent. To this nnion were born eleven children - Edward, born August 31, 1834, died in infancy, lie being the first white child born on Turkey Creek Prairie; Edward McC, born September 28, 1836; Alwilda, born January 28, 1839, wife of Robert E. McBride; Hiram, born March 18, 1841, living in Prairie Township; Isaac T., born August 1, 1843; Oliver H. P., born August 1, 1846, living in Marshall County; Henry O., born July 9, 1848, died June 7, 1855; Mary I., born November 9, 1850, wife of William H. Webster, of Prairie Township; Elizabeth A. born January 11, 1852, died in November, 1860; Dange, born January 7, 1854, died in November, 1860, and one born August 27, 1860, who died unnamed. In ])olitics Mr. Smith affiliates with the Democratic party. Mrs. Smith is a member of the Methodist church. Their fifth child, Isaac T. Smith, was reared on the home farm in Kiisciusko County, receiving iiis education in the common schools, which he attended till twenty years of age, when he began teaching school, following that vocation for fourteen winter terms. He was married September 26, 1867, to Miss Mary J. Rose, a daughter ot'.Iohn P. and Meliiida .1. (Caiy) E.ose, who were natives of New York and Vermont respectively. They liave three children - Edward T., born June 20, 1869; Claude M., November 6, 1874, and Goldie E., April 5, 1886. In the fall of 1876 Isaac Smith bought eighty acres of land which was partially improved, to which he added fortyseven acres of improved land. His farm is now under a high state of cultivcition, and his residence and farm buildings are comfortable and commodious, he being numbered among the active and progressive farmers of Prairie Township. He was elected township trustee in the spring of 1880, serving two terms with satisfaction to his constituents. Politically he affiliates with the Democratic party.

fOHN STOCKMYER, a farmer in Tippecanoe Township, owns the east half of the northwest q^uarter of section 36. He came here in the spring of 1866, and buying twenty-nine acres of land on section 26, he lived on that place eight years, then sold it and purchased his present farm. There were some improvements on it, and he has added more until his farm is very well improved. Mr. Stockmyer was born in Allen County, Ohio, August 31, 1836, and when he was thirteen years of age his parents removed to Henry County, where they lived until 1855, when they removed to the State of Iowa. Here our subject learned the carpenter's trade, which he followed for live years. He then went to Logan County, Ohio, and August 13, 1861, he enlisted in Company I, Ninetysixth Ohio Infantry, first serving in Kentucky; thence to Memphis, Tennessee, where the regiment was placed in the Thirteenth Army Corps. He participated in the siege of Vicksbnrg, and was present at its surrender.

He had the lionor of being on tiie skirmish line at the time the llag of truce came in to surrender. The regiment then went to New Orleans; tiience to the lied River expedition with General Banks, acting a prominent part in the battle of Sabine Cross-Roads. The following winter the regiment did guard duty up and down the IMississippi River nntil spring, when they operated againt Mol)ilo under Genei-al Canby, and was at Mobile at the time the war closed. He was mustered out -luly 7, 1865, and returned to Logan County, where he worked at his trade until the spring of 1866, then came to Kosciusko County. March 16, 1866, he was married to Mrs. Martha M. Kaylor, who was born in Logan County, Ohio, March 12, 1838, where she lived until she was twelve years of age. Her parents then removed to this county, and settled in Washington Township on section 2, where she grew to womanhood. Her first marriage was with Daniel H. Kaylor, who died in the hospital in 1864 while in the Union service. Her maiden name was Weaver. Mr. Stockmyer's father, George Stockmyer, was born in Germany in 1798, and when two years of age was brought to America by his parents, who settled in Pennsylvania, where he grew to manhood. He was married in Ohio. The mother, Mary (Kaylor) Stockmyer, was born in Virginia in 1808, and when a girl her parents brought her to Logan County, Ohio. The father died in 1844 in Allen County, Ohio, and the mother died in Carthage, Missouri, in 1878. Mr. and Mrs. Stockmyer have two children - George L. and Charles S. Mr. Kaylor left one child - Daniel H., who is living with Mr. Stockmyer. Mrs. Stockmyer's parents were George and Mary (Clark) Weaver. The father was born in Virginia, and served in the war of 1812. The mother was born in Pennsylvania, and died February 22, 1887, aged eighty-nine years. 8he received a pension for her husband's services in tlie army. Politically Mr. Stockuiyer is a Prohibitionist, and himself and wife are members of the Free-Will Baptist cluirch.

fAMES PARKS, engaged in farming and stock-raising on section Iti, PrairieTownsliip, is a native of Kosciusko Count}^ Indiana, born September 17, 1846, a son of William C. and Mary (Hughes) Pai-ks, natives of Kentucky and Indiana respectively. He grew to manhood on the home farm, and was educated in the common schools, he attending school during the winter months till twenty years of age. He was united in marriage August 30, 1867, to Miss Annie Siets, a daughter of Philip and Elizabeth Siets, of Prairie Township, who were born in the State of Pennsylvania. Mr. Parks still resides on the old homestead entered by his father, which he has improved till it is now one of the best farms in Prairie Township. He has a fine residence and good farm buildings, and is considered one of the best farmers of the township. In ]iolitics Mr. Parks athliates with the Republican party. To Mr. and Mrs. Parks have been born four children - Eosalie, born January 6, 1869; John W., born January 26, 1871; Elizabeth, born February 19, 1873, and Walter C, born August 16, 1875. William C. Parks, the father of our subject, came from Bourbon County, Kentucky, to Marshall County, Indiana, in an early day, and from Marshall County to Prairie Township, Kosciusko County, about the year 1835, when he entered eighty acres of unimproved land, afterward purchasing 200 acres of land which was also in a state of nature. He afterward disposed of eighty acres, and the 200 acres he cleared and put under high cul- tivation. He was married May 10, 1838, his wife being a daughter of Thomas and Margaret Hughes, natives of North Carolina. They were the parents of seven children - Elizabeth, born February 19, 1839, died August 10, 1864, she having been the wife of Philip Orcutt, of Randolph County; Margaret, born June 19, 1842, married Peter Edler, of Prairie Township; Esther, born May 31, 1844, died December 27, 1882; James, the subject of this sketch; Thomas, born January 7, 1849, died August 29, 1860; Mary, born December 13, 1851, wife of Frank P. Gearhart, of Scott Township, Kosciusko County, and Tabitha, wife of August Long, of Marshall County. In politics the father affiliated with the Republican party till his death, which occurred February 17, 1879, at the age of fifty-nine years. His widow survived him till January 25, 1884, dying at the age of sixty-six years.

SllROYER, deceased, was Virginia June 5, 1808, and f^ when a boy removed with his parents to Montgomery County, Ohio. He was married in that county to Miss Sai'ah Wolf. They had seven children, of whom hve survive - Susan, wife of Michael Akers, of Elkhart County; John W., of Logan, Illinois; Daniel, a resident of this county; Lewis, of Logan County, Illinois, and Hiram, of Elkhart County. Mr. Shroyer came to Elkhart County, this State, in an early day, and resided there several years. He subsequently removed to this county, where he passed the remainder of his days. His wife died August 28, 1861. His second wife was Mrs. Phoebe (Counts) Bennett, a daughter of James and Sallie Counts, who settled in this county about 1839. By this union there were two children - Oliver J. and Clara A. Mrs. Sliroyer's first husbaud was Charles E. Bennett. They had four children, of whom two are living - Mary L. and Amanda Q. Mr. Bennett was a soldier in the late civil war, having entered the service in September, 1S62. He died at Murfreesboro, Tennessee, in January, 1864. He was a member of Company I, Twelfth Indiana Infantry. Mr. Shroyer settled upon the farm now occupied by his wife in the spring of 1878. He died June 11, 1880, lamented by numerous neighbors and friends. He was a kind and affectionate husband and father, and an honest and upright citizen. Tie was a member of the Lutheran church, and in politics was a Democrat. He lefr a comfortable home and 217 acres of valuable land. He followed coopering for a few years when a young man, and was a farmer the rest of his natural life.

ip^jARVEY MILLER, farmer, Wayne frpni Township, was born in Jackson County, %i Ohio, August 25, 1828. His parents were James and Lorinda Miller, the former a native of West Virginia, and the latter of Ohio. His maternal grandparents, William and Martha Poore, were among the first settlers of Jackson County, having located tliere in the wilds, among the Indians. Seven of the children born to his parents are now living - Harvey, Griffith G., Jacob, John, William, Richard and Courtney. In 1844 the family came to this county, settling in Prairie Township, where the father died in 1852. In 1855 the mother, with her youngest children, removed to Iowa, and settled in Marion County, where she died two years later. Harvey Miller received a rudimentary education in the district schools of his time, and has always been engaged in agriculture.

August 3, 1853, he was married to Margai'ut Stinson, born in Ohio, October 25, 1833. Her parents, Jacob and Sarah Stinson, were early settlers of Pike County, that State, and came to this county in 1838, settling in Washington Township, where the father died in 1870, and the mother in 1872. Eight children were born to these parents - Mary, John, Margaret, Sarah, James, Samuel, Huldali, and one deceased. Jacob Stinson was one of the pioneers of Washington Township. Settling in the wild forest it became necessary to cut brush and timber, in order to erect a log cabin, to make a home for his family. Ten children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Miller, eight of whom survive - Charles, James, Olive, Mary, Lulu, Effie, John and Maggie. Mr. Miller owns 317 acres of well-improved land, with modern buildings, and resides on section 21. Himself and w'ife are consistent members of the Methodist Episcopal chui-ch, and take an active interest in church and Sabbath-school work.

J^EORGE WILBER McCARTER, county tlW ^iii'^^JO'" of Kosciusko County, was born 'W^ in Leesburgh, this county, July 26, 1859. His father was an itinerant Methodist Episcopal minister, hence young McCarter was reared at the various places in this State where his father was stationed - Columbus City, Warsaw, Bourbon and Muncie being among them. During the years of 1871, '72-'73, while his father was located and lived on the farm in Washington Township, young McCarter worked as a farm hand. His father again moved to the farm in the year 1878, and George spent the greater part of the time there also, from that time up to the fall of 1884. His elementarv education was obtained in the common schools. In the year 1876 he attended tlie liigli school at Mnncie, Indiana, and in the years 1879-'81-'82 he attended the Foi't Wayne Colleije. where he graduated in the academic course with the class of "82. In 1883 he entered Asbury University at Greencastle, Indiana, attending the schoo'l year of 1883^'84. In 1877 he began to teach school, and taught one term in Jay County, this State, and four terms in this county. In 1884 he was elected county surveyor of this county on the Republican ticket, and was re-elected to the same office in the fall of 1886. He is unmarried, and at this writing makes his home Mith his parents in Washington Township. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church at Morris Chapel of the North "Weltster Circuit. His parents are the liev. A. G. McCarter (whose biography may be seen elsewhere in this volume) and Sarah A. (Stinson) McCarter. The latter was a native of Ohio, of German ancestry. She settled on the farm where she now resides with her father, Jacob Stinson, in the year 1838.

fONATHAN NliS'E, deceased, was born in the State of Pennsylvania, Januarj' 16, 1798, a son of John and Magdalena Nine, with whom he removed to Ohio when a boy, and was there reared to manhood. He was married in Ohio in August, 1822, to Catherine Chrowl, a native of Virginia, born May 2, 1803, but reared to maturity in Miami County, Ohio, she having been brought there by her parents, Dewalt and Salome Chrowl, when but a year old. Ten children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Nine, of whom only five are living - Rachel, Lucinda, Catherine, John and Jacob. About the year 1835 Mr. Nine immigrated with his family to Indiana, spending the first winter in Elkhart County. The following spring he came to Kosciusko County, when he settled in Van Buren Township, on the farm which is still occupied by his widow. He settled in the woods, and after erecting his humble log cabin he went to work to clear up his land, out of which he made one of the best farms in Van Buren Township. Here he and his family endured many hardships and privations in their pioneer home, but through hard work and frugality he lived to see his family surrounded by all the necessary comforts of life, and to enjoy the fruits of his years of toil. His death, wliich occurred January 27, 1883, was a source of universal regret throughout the community where he lived, he being a much respected neighbor and citizen, as well as an afl'ectionate husband and father. In politics he was a Democrat. He left to his widow his farm of 160 acres, where she still resides. She is a member of the Dunkard church.

^^EANKLIN LONG, proprietor of saloon |r3 and billiard room atClaypool, is a native ~^ of Ohio, born in Portage County^ March 22, 1850. He came to South Whitley, Indiana, in 1867 and for several years was engaged in various occupations. He was married in Columbia City to Miss Si;san Bentz, May 19, 1873, her parents, George and Lydia Bentz, being natives of Stark County, Ohio, and early settlers of Whitley County, Indiana. Mr. and Mrs. Long have two children, Lydia and John F., both natives of Whitley County, the former born February 15, 1874, and the latter September 5, 1875. Mr. Long came with his family to Claypool, Kosciusko County, in 1884, and purchased his fine residence property of Thomas Seaman, and his business house, which is located at the junction of the

Biographical Sketohks

Nickel Plate and Cincinnati, "Wabash & Michigan Kailway, was formerly carried on by Mr. Hoppis. Mr. Long has since fitted it up in good style, and enjoys a good patronage. This is the only saloon, billiard and poolroom in the village, and is conducted in the most orderly manner. Mr. Long has also added an amusement hall, which is the first public hall built in the village. The hall is neatly furnished, has a good stage, comfortable chairs, with a seating capacity of 250 spectators. It is a credit to the genial proprietor, who has shown his enterprise in this instance, and should for his investment receive the liberal patronage of the public. Mr. Long takes a deep interest in the Odd Fellows' order, and has served as noble grand of Claypool Lodge, No. 515. He is also a memljer of Stauffer Encampment, No. 166, of Silver Lake, Indiana, and his hand is ever open to help a brother in distress.

ilLLIAM L. VANCUREN, farmer, resides on the west half of the ^i^I southeast quarter of section 6, Washington Township, where he was born November 23, 1848, and where he was reared and educated in the common schools. His father, Benjamin Vancuren, was born in Genesee County, New York, April 17, 1823, and died March 1, 1886. He is buried in Morris Chapel cemetery. He was an old settler of Washington Township, having settled there in the fall of 1840. When he was a small boy he removed with his parents to Pennsylvania, remaining there a few months, then loaded their worldly possessions upon a wagon, and started for the wilderness in Ohio. They lived there a few years, then removed to Kosciusko County. Benjamin was then seventeen years old. The country was then a wilderness, and the soil was mostly in possession of the Indians. The family first rented land for a few years. Benjamin married Eliza Crouch, and soon after purchased the farm opposite Mr. Alexander's, on section 8. He made his first start by working out by the month and by the day. Even after his marriage he worked by the month. He bought his first forty acres by clearing land for Jacob Stinson, and paying at the rate of $1.50 per acre. His second forty acres he bought in the same way. At his death he left an estate worth several thousand dollars. He was a member of the Methodist Episcopal church, and in politics a Republican. Many friends and relatives mourn his loss. The mother was born in Pennsylvania in 1824 and came to this county about the same time that Mr. Vancuren came. The Crouches were of Irish descent. The grandfather of our subject, James Vancuren, died in Illinois, at the home of one of his sons, and is buried in that State. The Grandmother Vancuren died at the home of her son Benjamin and is buried in Morris Chapel cemetery. William L. was married November 15, 1871, to Miss Rachel C. Roath, who was born in Noble County, Indiana, March 12, 1850, and died November 6, 1883, and is buried in Morris cemetery. She left five children - Wilson, born August 22, 1872; James B., born November 22, 1873; Arthur M., born September 1, 1875; Homer E., born February 10, 1878, and Jennie M., August 19, 1880. April 19, 1883, Mr. Vancui-en was married to Mrs. Delilah Gillespie, who was born in Fairfield County, Ohio, October 9, 184G. When a child she was brought to this county by her parents, who settled near Warsaw, where she grew to womanhood, and received her education in the common schools. Her father, Aaron Bohlenbaugh, was born in Ohio, October 8, 1820, and is living in Harrison Township, this county. The mother, CiitlR'rine (Walters) Bohlenbaugli, was also horn in Ohio, March 8, 1822, and is still living. Mrs. Vancuren has been twice married. Her first marriage was with Benjamin Gillespie, who was born in Ohio June 10, 18-46. They had three children - Charles A., born May 6, 1867; Evalena, born January 22, 1870, and Lotta, born September 15, 1873. Mr. and Mrs. Vancuren have two children - Alice, born Jane 19, 1884, and William Grant, born August 19, 1886. Mr. Vancuren is a Hepublican in politics, and himself and wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal church. Mrs. Vancuren is of German ancestry. Her grandparents, Jacob and Elizabeth (Moore) Walters, were born in Germany, and were earlv settlers in Ohio.

§EORGE ALLSPAUGII, an old settler of Kosciusko County, was born in ^ij.-^ Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, April 17, 1825. His father, George AUspaugh, was a native of Germany, and his mother, Catherine AUspaugh, was a native of Switzei'land. When he was five years of age his parents removed to Columbiana County, Ohio, where they remained two and a half years, then removed to Stark County, where he was reared to manhood, receiving a common-school education. He has been married four times. His first wife was Ann Gaskill, and they had ten children, four of whom are living - Catherine, BenjamiTi F., Harriet J. and Silas T. His second wife was Matilda A. Lutes, by whom he had three children; two are living - Carrie A. and Jacob G. For his third wife he married Mrs. Nancy E. (Sanders) Hamlin, and his present wife was formerly Sarah (Gaskill) Carey. Mr. AUspaugh came to Kosciusko County in the spring of 1851, settling in Hari'ison Township, lie resides on section 17, and owns 140 acres of land. He has served four times as trustee and justice of the peace in Harrison Township; is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church, and in politics is a Republican.

j^iHARLES W. THOMAS, merchant of Ills Warsaw, was born at Goshen, Indiana, ^i February 20, 1849. When six years of age he came with his fatiicr to Warsaw, where he was reared and educated in the public schools. He also took a commercial course at Hillsdale, Michigan. At the age of sixteen he began to clerk in his father's store at Warsaw. In 1868 he went to Goshen and clerked in the store of his brother until 1871, when he i-eturned to Warsaw and engaged in business with his brother Andrew W., as A. W. Thomas & Brother. This partnership was dissolved in 1880, since which time he has carried on his business alone. In 1883 he built the Thomas block on Center street opposite the court-house. Politically he is a Republican. April 20, 188G, he was married at Warsaw to Miss Lizzie I. Cook, daughter of Wesley and Menervia Cook, pioneers of this county. She is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church. His father, Thomas Thomas, was born in Delaware, in December, 1792, and was of Welsh ancestry, his forefathers having come to America before the Revolution, and settled in Virginia. He was reared a farmer, and was a soldier of the war of 1812. In 1815 he was married to Mary Kelley, of Monroe County, Virginia. In 1827 he removed to Indiana, and located in Richmond, where he lived one year, then removed to Elkhart County, where he followed farming about twenty years.

Upon the organization of Elkhart County he was elected county clerk, and served as such for fourteen years, and during that time he was also engaged in the mercantile business at Goshen. In 1855 he came to AVarsaw, where he continued in the mercantile business until 1872.

§' ANIEL JERMAN, a carpenter of War- I saw, was born in Philadelphia, October -^sfif 20, 1821. AVhen he was very young his parents removed to Catawissa, of that State, where he lived until lie was fourteen years of age, when they removed to Urbana, Ohio. In 1838 he went to Mechanicsburg to learn the trade of millwright, and he followed that trade fourteen years. In 1854 he came to Warsaw and followed his trade, in connection with carpentering. In 1847 he was married at Mechanicsburg to Rebecca C. Finley, a native of Pennsylvania. They had two children - Mrs. Mary Frances Roe, of Chicago, Illinois, and Mrs. Jeannette Bentley, of Warsaw. Mr. Jerniijn is a member of the Methodist Episcopal cliurch.

y^IIARLES EARTLETT BENTLEY, ilt-'^ manufacturer of cigars and dealer in 'Vi cigars and tobacco, at Warsaw, was born in Boston, Massachusetts, August 24, 1856. His father, Richard Phillip Bentley, is a native of Liverpool, England. He came to America in 1846, and located in Boston, and followed his trade of manufacturing cigars, where he still resides and continues his business. During the late war he was a volunteer soldier and served two years in the Array of the Potomac. He was taken prisoner at Harper's Ferry, and was held until exchanged.

Lie was in the second battle of Bull Run, Chancellorsville, Fredericksburg, and several others. The mother of our subject, Ann (Mclnnis) Bentley, was a native of Ireland, and came to America during her girlhood. She was married to Mr. Bentley in October, 1855. Mr. Bentley was reared in Boston, and between the age of twelve and fourteen he was a boot-black and newsboy on the streets of that city. He obtained his education by attending the night schools. At the age of fourteen he commenced to learn cigarmaking at Dover, Massachusetts, working there seven months, then returned to Boston and served an apprenticeship of a year and a half. When sixteen he went to Westfleld, where he received regular wages. He then worked at various places as a journeyman, but mostly in Boston, until 1880, when he came to AYarsaw and worked a year as a journeyman. The following year he established himself in business. October 1, 1883, he was married at AYarsaw to Miss Jeannette Jernian, daughter of Daniel and Rebecca (Findley) Jerman, of Meclianicsburg, Ohio. They have one child - Phillip Jerman. Mr. Bentley is an attendant and his wife a member of the Methodist Episcopal church at AYarsaw. Mr. Bentley is a member of Lake City Lodge, No. 430, I. O. O. F.

I^EV. AVILLIAM B. NEFF, a prominent ilK' ^"^ influential citizen of A^au Buren Township, where he resides on section 10, was born in Elkhart County, Indiana, January 20, 1856, his parents, Daniel and Lydia Neft', being natives of Virginia and Canada respectively, and among the early settlers of Elkhart County. AA^illiam B. was the eldest in a faihily of ten children. He was reared to manhood in his native county, where he prepared for teaching, and has been engaged in this profession fdr some time. lie was married in Elkhart County, Indiana, December 24, 1876, to Miss Eva C. Miller, a daughter of Samuel R. and Mary A. Miller, her father being a native of Pennsylvania and her mother of Ohio, they having settled in Elkhart County in an early day. Of the two children born to Mr. and Mrs. Neff, their son, James I)., is the only one living. A child named Maud Eerry also finds a home with them. Mr. Nefl" devotes considerable time to his tarm in \^an Buren Township, and in his agricultural pursuits has been very successful. In the year 1870 he united with the German Baptist chui'ch, and has since taken an active interest in Sabbathschool work. March 13, 1884, the Bethel District of the German Baptist church was organized with about 120 members, when Elder W. R. Deeter was selected as pastor. In the fall of 1885 Rev. W. B. Neft" was elected to the ministry in the first degree. The deacons are M. Treesh, John Robinson, Cyrus Lentz, John Weybright, Theodore Hammond and A. Cripe. The present trustees of the church are Rev. Neff, Benjamin Hoover and Enoch Hoover. Meetings have been held every fortnight in Pleasant View Chapel in Bethel District since its organization, and revival meetings are held once a year. Mr. Neff is not radical in his political views.

County, Ohio, where they lived two or three years. He was married in Ohio, .June 15, 1838, to Eliza Easterley, born in Pennsylvania, June 14, 1819, and a daughter of Lawrence and Catherine Easterley, natives also of Pennsylvania. To this union have been born eleven children - George, Frederick, Jonathan, Mahala, wife of Philip Maish, Catherine, wife of A. Gu}'; Susan, wife of John Lehman; Louisa, now Mrs. George Lehman; Artimecia, wife of Frank Epler. The deceased are Mathias, Mary and one who died in infancy. In 1842 Mr. Tinkey came to this county, spending the first night after his arrival under a beech tree. He had very little to start with, and has done a great deal of hard work. His real estate is extensive and valuable, and he resides on section 15. Himself and wife are members of the United Brethren church. Politically he is a Democrat.

jgillRISTIAN HARMAN, a prominent |flft citizen of Prairie Township, engaged '^pl in farming and stock raising on section 27, was born in Dauphin County, Pennsylvania, February 17, 1834, a son of Jonathan and Susannah (SchafFstall) Harman, who were also natives of Pennsylvania, their ancestors coming from Germany, the mother being a daughter of Solomon and Catherine (Hawk) Schaflstall, who were also natives of the same State, the father being a soldier in the war of 1812. The parents of our subject were married about the year 1830, and to them were born eleven children - Abraham "W.; Christian, our subject; John, deceased; Elizabeth, wife of William Siets, of Wisconsin; Catherine, wife of J. J. Rapp, of Scott Township; Emma, deceased; AVashington P.; Emanuel, deceased; Susanna, wife of

Biographical Sketcues

Geoi-ge W. Wyinaii, of Kaiisus; Sarali, wife of John Diiidcrman, of Ogle County, Illinois, and (_)liver. Tlie father removed with his family from Pennsylvania to Crawford County, Ohio, about 1835, and in 1S63 came to Prairie Township, Kosciusko County, where lie bought 128 acres of improved land, which lie subsequently sold, and is now making his home in Wisconsin. Ilis wife died in October, 1883, at the age of seventyone years. Christian Harman, our subject, was married in Crawford County, September 6, 1860, to Miss Magdanena Phfleiderer, a daughtei- of David and Mary (Heckenlively) Phfleiderer, of Ohio, who were of German ancestry. Mr. and Mrs. Harman are the parents of three children - Mary S., wife of Leonard Parick, of Prairie Township, Ada and Jonathan U. Mr. Ilarinan came with his family from Ohio to Kosciusko County, Indiana, in the fall of 186-1, when he purchased eighty acres of partially improved land in Prairie Township, which he has brought under a high state of cultivation. He was elected to tlie office of township assessor in the fall of 18G7, and was re-elected to the same office in 1868, serving with credit to himself and satisfaction to his constituents. In politics he afliliates with the Republican party. Both he and his wife are members of the United Brethren ciiurch.

^ilIILIP W. SNOKE, an enterprising -j| and public-spirited citizen of Seward Township, is a native of Pennsylvania, born in Perry County, June 2, 1833, a son of John and Catharine (Wachs) Snoke. Three years after the birth of our subject they removed to Seneca County, Ohio, and nine years later settled in Clay, now Lake Township, Ko>ciusko County, Indiana. John

Snoke built the first cabin on the land on which he settled on coming to the county in 1845, and cleared and imjiroved the land on which he resided till his death, which occurred ?,ray 1, 1873. His widow survived till 1878. They were the parentsof fivechildren,of whom theeldestdied in infancy. Philip was the second child, and is the onl}^ surviving member of the family, Mary M., Susannah and John being deceased. Philip W. Snoke received as good an education as could be obtained in the schools of that early day, and at the age of nineteen began his career as a teacher, teaching his first term in the Hays School near Silver Lake in the winter of 1853-'54. He has taught in the county for thirty consecutive years, having followed his profession continuously longer than any man in the county. Among the popular and successful teachers who have been his pupils may be mentioned. Porter Jamison, JMellie Kinse}', Henry Kinsey, William Hanes, beside many others. Mr. Snoke was married in 1854 to Miss Catherine Kurtz, of Kosciusko County. Her parents, Philip and Margaret (Gall) Kurtz, were natives of Germany, coming to America before their marriage. They were united in marriage in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and afterward moved to ^tark County, Oluo, in which county and State Mrs. Snoke was born. Since their marriage Mi', and Mrs. Snoke have resided on their present farm with the exception of one year. Nine children have been born to them - Delilah, wife of Rev. J.T. Keesey, a son of John Keesey, who is well known throughout this and adjoining counties; Isabella, wife of Algernon S. Davis, of Claypool, Indiana; William AV., Sylvester K., Charles H., Susannah, Lorenzo D., Edward M. and one who died in infancy. All have received the benefit of a common-school education,and will) the exception of the two married daughters reside at home with their parents.

In 1881 Mr. Snoke began tlie cultivation of small fruits on a very limited scale, commencing with a few strawberry plants, and tlie results were so satisfactory that he rapidly extended the business, and now has twelve acres devoted to small fruits, which during the summer of 1886 gave employment to forty hands, and his shipment in that year amounted to 706 bushels. He has given up his profession and intends to devote his entire attention to his business. He is a practical man in every respect. He has conducted his farm on a thoroughly scientific basis, and the large returns have been amply satisfactory. His land is admirably adapted to fruit growing. ]\Ir. Snoke is the first man in the county to pack his winter fruits in sand, his crop of 1886 being stored in that manner. Mr. Snoke has been clerk of elections as often perhaps as any man in Seward Township, and in every enterprise for the advancement of his township or connty he takes an active interest.

§OHjS banks, one of the representative pioneers of Kosciusko County, residing 'li on section 22, Prairie Township, was l)orn in Westmoreland County, England, August 10, 1809, a son of John and Agnes (Booth) Banks, who were born and reared in the same country. They were married in England about the year 1805, and lived in their native country till their death. They were the parents of eight children - Eden, John, Jane, Jlichard, Isaac, Ellen, Thomas and James. .loliii Banks immigrated to America in 1832, settling in New York City, where he remained two years. lie then went to Niles, Michigan, coming thence to Kosciusko County. Indiana, in 1834, when he entered eighty acres t)f unimpr(}ved land, adding to his original purchase forty acres, all of which he cleared and put under fine cultivation. On first coming to the county he built himself a log house, in which he lived for a number of years, when he erected his present line frame residence and his commodious farm buildings. He was married May 10, 1836, to Mary Rippy, a daughter of Joseph Rippy, a native of Virginia. Eight children were born to this union - Jane, born August 23, 1837, died August 28, 1864; Joseph li., born September 11, 1839, died May 12, I860; Elizabeth, born November 18, 1841, died September 12, 1843; John D., born ^larch 29, 1844, enlisted in the service of his country in Company K, Seventy-fourth Indiana Infantry, August 14, 1862, and died at Nashville, Tennessee, September 11, 1863; Matthew T., born November 20, 1846, died October 21, 1847; William, born July 11, 1849; Isaac N., born July 25, 1852, died January 16, 1878, and Mary Ellen, born August 27, 1855, married Andrew Ulmer, of Prairie Township, and died September 10, 1877. Mrs. Banks died April 1, 1881, at the age of sixty-nine years, at Leesburgh, Mr. Banks having purchased property there, where he resided nine months before his wife's death. He is living witli his son William, and still owns the old homestead where he settled so many years ago. He is now seventy-seven years of age, and has always lived an. upright and honorable life, and is a highly-esteemed citizen of the county. William Banks, his son, is considered one of the best farmers in Prairie Township. He is the only surviving child of his father's family, and was reared to manhood on the old homestead, remaining with his parents till twenty-one years of age. He then went to Kansas, returning to Kosciusko County two years later, where he has since made his home. He was married February 20, 1874, to Mary Wallace, of Plain

Towiisliip, her ])arents, Moses and jS'ancy (Jeffries) Wallace, being natives of Virginia and Kentucky respectively. They have had three children - Washington, born September 3,1875; Nancy J., born October 29. 1877, and died April 29, 1878, and John W., born January 30, 1883. William Banks purchased eighty acres of unimproved land in Huntington County, Indiana, to which he subsequently added 120 acres, all of this land being now under a high state of cultivation. In August, 1885, he bought 223 acres of partially improved land in Prairie Township, Kosciusko County, where he now makes his home. His residence is comfortable and convenient, and his farm buildings are noticeably good. He and his wife are members of the United Brethren church. His father, in his religious faith, is a Methodist. Both father and son, in their political views, are Republicans.

|mi,NDREW HAMILTON BOGGS, an >/Mv- enterprisinij and progressive farmer of '^p^ Prairie Township, was Ijorn in Jackson County, Ohio, March 7, 1821, his parents, Andrew and Susannah (Bowen) Boggs, being natives of Greenbrier County, Virginia. They came to Indiana in 1825, locating in Wayne County, and subsequently removed to Henry County, where the mother died May 4, 1834. Soon after her death the father settled in Blackford County, Indiana, where he was married a second time. He served as justice while living in Delaware ancl Blackford counties, and also held the office of associate judge of the courts of the latter count}'. He was one of the proprietors of Hartford City, the county seat of Blackford County. After a long and useful life he died January 27, 1854. A. H. Boggs, the subject of this sketch, had very limited educational advantages in childhood, but in later life, by his own persistent efforts, he obtained an education which has been a source of value to him in later life. At the age of fourteen he was practically thrown upon his own resources. In the spring of 1835, in company with two of his brothers, he left Wayne County for La Porte County, making the jourtiey on foot, and there found employment as farm laborers at $10 per month. After accumulating sufficient money to pay their expenses, they pursued their journey, passing through the Miami Reserve, walking from Marion to the present site of Peru, the country at that time being very sparsely settled. In the fall of 1835 our subject came to Kosciusko County, Indiana, and for a time made his home with his brother-in-law, Joel Long, Sr., re.^iding near Leesburgh. His earliest ambition was to be a farmer and become the owner of an estate where he could engage in his chosen avocation in an independent way, and to this end every effort in life was put forth, and by strict economy while a farm laborer he saved from his earnings sufficient to purchase a tarm, upon which he spent years of toil in improving and cultivating till the dream of his youth was realized, he being now the owner of a fine tract of land, well improved and well stocked, and is classed among the substantial farmers of Kosciusko County. Pie was united in marriage December 14, 1843, to Miss Martha Ann Thomas, a daughter ot Antepas and Axsa Thomas, who were born in Tennessee, coming tVom that State to Union County, and in the fall of 1835 became residents of Kosciusko County. To Mr. and Mrs. Boggs were born nine children - Axsa S., wife of S. D. Anglin, who is now serving his third term as county superintendent of schools, residing on a farm two miles southwest of Warsaw; Thomas W. married Matilda Hildenbrand. and lives on a larm four miles south of Warsaw; John L., living on a farm five miles northwest of Warsaw, married Rose Norris; Lucinda, Samuel, Clinton, Jennie, Harvey D. and Rozena, still living at the old liomestead with their father. The motlier died at her home June 3, 1886, in the hope of a blessed resurrection. She was a consistent member of the Christian church, a loving wife and mother, and as a neighbor she was held in high esteem, her death causing universal regret throughout the community in which she lived. In his religious views Mr. Boggs is a Seventh Day Adventist. He is very charitable in his disposition, and the needy are never turned away without receiving assistance from him. He is ever on the side of right and justice, and always condemns the wrong. Politically he has l)een a life-long Democrat, yet he never allows political prejudice to subvert his knowledge of duty, often voting for principle and worth rather than by reason of party atfiliation.

T*TILLIAM H. HOLDERMAN, a \/\r jirominent agriculturist of Van Buren Township, is a native of Indiana, burn in Randolph County November 10, 1837, a son of William and Nancy Holderman, both of whom were natives of the State of Pennsylvania. To them wei'e born five children, their names being as follows - Jacob N., John H., William IL, Susannah and George. William H. was i-eared on a farm in his native county, and there attended the common schools, where he obtained a fair education. He left Randolph County in his nineteenth year, coming with his parents to Kosciusko County, they being among the early settlers and representative pioneers of the county. November 7, 1850, he was mai-ried to Miss Barbara Cably, who was born in Montgomery County, Ohio, a daughter of Charles and Catherine Cably, who were natives of Germany and Pennsylvania respectively. Her parents came from Montgomery County to Kosciusko County in the year 1846, and were pioneers of Jefferson Township, where Charles Cably served four years as trustee. He was a member of the Catholic church, and was one of the representative citizens of Jelferson and Van Buren Township till his death. To Mr. and Mrs. Holderman have been born three children, two of whom are living - Rosetta B., wife of John Ruple, and Charles W. Mr. Holderman was engaged in buying and selling stock for some twenty years in connection with his general fanning, but he is now devoting his entire attention to his farm, which contains 200 acres of choice land well improved, and a good residence and commodious farm buildings. In politics Mr. Holderman is a Republican. He has served as school director, and was assessor of Van Buren Township for four years, serving witli credit to himself and satisfaction to his constituents. He is a member of both the Masonic and Odd Fellows' orders. Mrs. Holderman is a member of the German Baptist church.

fWHORNTON FRANK, a farmer of '^^ , Washington Township, was born in "^^ Fayette County, Pennsylvania, the date of his birth being April 20, 1832. His parents, Isaac and Mary (Shadwick) Frank, were natives of Pennsylvania and Virginia respectively, the father of German ancesti'y, and the mother of Welsh parentage. The mother left her native State when eleven years old, being brought to Pennsylvania by her mother, her father being dead. When she was nineteen, in 1830, she was married to Isaac Frank, and to them were born five children, of whom two (twins) died in infancy. Tiiose yet living are - Thornton, whose name heads this sketch; Ann Eliza, wife of Samnel Billingsley, of "Wood County, Ohio, and Saraii Jane, wife of William Badger, of lona, Michigan. In 1839 the parents removed with their family to Perry County, Ohio, and in 1843 settled in Wood County, Ohio, where the father followed fanning, being a farmer by occupation. He lived on his farm in Wood County until 1880, when on account of his advanced age he sold it, and is spending his last days with his son Thornton in Kosciusko County, Indiana, being now eightyf^ur years old. The mother died on the liomestead in Wood County, in 1880, at the age of seventy-two years. Thornton Frank, our subject, was reared to the avocation of a farmer, and has always followed agricultural pursuits. He remained on his father's homestead in Wood County, Ohio, long after attaining his majority. He was united in marriage December 20, 1861, to Miss Catherine Wilev, a daughter of James M. and Sarali (Wriglit) AViley, the former a native of Virginia, born September 17, 1809, of Irish parentage, and the latter born in Franklin County, Ohio, of German parentage. Mr. W^iley moved from Virginia to Franklin County, Ohio, where he married Miss Sarah Wright, and in 1834 moved to Woods County, Ohio, when he bought a farm near Rockford, where he lived until his death, which occurred January 22, 1879, aged sixty-nine years, four months and five days. He left a widow and five children, four children having preceded him to the better land. Five children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Frank - Everella, who was married to James Devenny, of AVasbington Township, Kosciusko County, March 16, 1882, by Rev. McCeg,of Warsav;

Alma Susan and Sarah Ann, both living at home with their parents, and two who died in infancy. Mr. Frank farmed his father's homestead in Wood County until 1874, when he came to Kosciusko County and has since followed farming on his present farm in Washington Township. Mr. Frank was a soldier during the late war, enlisting in 1864 as a private for six months. He was assigned to Company E, One Hundred and Fortyfourth Ohio National Guards, and at the expiration of his term of service was discharged at Camp Chase, near Columbus, Ohio.

^s^s^ILLIAM BOGGS, a representative WffMjk pioneer of Kosciusko County, and {-<JW] one of her self-made men, is a native of the State of Oliio, born December 25, 1812, a son of Andrew and Susan Boggs, who were of Irish ancestry. From his fiftli to his sixteenth year he lived in Jackson County, Ohio, when he came with his parents to Indiana, who first located in Henry County. In the fall of 1835 he caine to Kosciusko County, when he bought a quarter section of land in AYayne Township, paying for the same SI. 25 per acre, his land at tinit time being heavily covered with timber. He settled on this farm, on section 24, in 1840, which he cleared and improved, converting it into a splendid farm, the entire surroundings proving the owner to be a thorough, practical farmer. Mr. Boggs received in his youth only limited advantages for obtaining an education, he being obliged to assist with the work of tlie farm from an early age, but the lessons of industry and persevering energy he learned in the days of his boyhood have been of lasting benefit to him, and from comparatively nothing he has by his own efl'urts become one of the prosperous agriculturists of Kosciusko County. Mr. Boggs lias been twice marriec). taking for liis first wife Lydia Groves, by whom be liad four cbiklren, of wlioin two are deceased. Two are yet living, whose names are Mary E. and James S. For liis second wife Mr. Boggs married Mrs. Sarah (Yisley) Mingle, widow of John Mingle, who came from Pennsylvania to Kosciusko County among the early settlers. Of the eight children born to this union, four are yet living - John H., William A., Alma and Axie S. Mr. Boggs is an active member of the Christian church at Palestine, and is at present serving as trustee. He is an enterprising, public-spirited citizen, and gives liberally of his means for the support of his church, or toward enterprises which have for their object the development of his township or county. In politics he casts his suffrage with the Democratic party.

I^ARTLETT Y. BEESON. one of the old 'J^K) ®^''^'^''* *^^' Kosciusko County, and an '^'^ active and enterprising farmer of Harrison Township, is a native of North Carolina, born in Randolph County, October 25, 1825, a son of William and Martha Beeson, natives of North Carolina, the father of English descent, and the mother of French origin. When our subject was nine years old his parents left their native State, removing to Wayne County, Indiana, they having left the South on account of their hatred of slavery, they being Quakers. Their ancestors were at one time slave-holders, but afterward liberated their slaves. B. Y. Beeson, the subject of this sketch, remained in AYayne County until attaining his nineteenth year, when he removed with his parents to Henry County, Indiana. He was reared to agricultural ])ursuits, his youth being spent in assisting on the home farm, his educational advantages being limited. He was married in Henry County, Indiana, February 20, 1845, to Miss Lydia Smith, a native of Ohio, born in May, 1827, a daughter of Amos and Margaret Smith, who were of Quaker origin, the father l)eing a native of Ohio, and the mother of North Carolina. Ten children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Beeson, of whom four are living - ^Margaret J., wife of Absalom Burkett, of Kansas; Melinda, wife of George Creekbaum, of Franklin Township; Marquis de La Fayette, living in Harrison Township; and Isaac M., in Nebraska. A grandchild named Daniel E., a son of their son John H., is living with them. The names of the children who are deceased are - John E., Martha A., Maria E., William C., George and Alpharetta. Mr. Beeson left Henry County in 1855, coming to Kosciusko County, when he settled in what is now Seward Township, and there resided for many years, and with the exception of a short time spent in Marshall County, he has made his liome in Kosciusko County. In the spring of 1880 he removed to his present farm in Harrison Township, where he has eighty acres of choice land, well improved, and under cultivation. Owing to his industrious habits and persevering energy, he has met with success in his farming operations, he having commenced life without means, his tine property having been acquired by his own efforts. In his political views Mr. Beeson casts his suffrage with the Bepublican party.

fOHN F. BAER, one of the active and enterprising citizens of Wayne Town- ship, was born in Columbiana C'ounty, Ohio, April 3, 1855, a son of William C. and

Bioohaphical Sketches

Christiana Baer. The father was a native of Stai'k County, Ohio, and a son of Aaron and Raciiel (Ellison) Baer, the former a native of Maryland, and the latter of Virginia. The father of our subject came with his family to Kosciusko County, Indiana, in 1865, where his death occurred one year later, at the age of thirty-three years. After the death of his father, John F. was obliged to do his part toward maintaining the family, he being then a lad of eleven years. He received a thorough, practical education, which he acquired by close application to study in tiie district school and at home. At the age of twenty years he received a teacher's certificate, and began his career as a teacher in Kosciusko County. Since then he has spent most of the winter months as a teacher, managing the farm in the summer season, and has become a popular instructor. He commenced life almost entirely without means, but by his persevering industry and good management, he has become classed among the well-to-do men of Wayne Township, where he has a finely improved farm of eighty acres, which he purchased in 1882. Mr. Baer was married April 8, 1878, to Miss Lizzie Ulch, a daughter of John Ulch, of Wabash County, Indiana. This union has been blessed with two children - William E. and Estella C. Both Mr. and Mrs. Baer are members of the German Baptist church. In politics he casts his suifrage with the Republican party.

1B|^0LIVER G. PARKS, one of the active j||] 'M and enterprising citizens of Prairie ^^ Township, residing on section 15, is a native of Kentucky, born in Bourbon County, June 6, 1822, a son of James and Elizabeth (Hughes) Parks, the father being a native of Maryland, and the mother of Vii-ginia, and of Irish and Scotcli ancestry respectively. They were united in marriage about the year 1807, and to them were born twelve children - Polly P., wife of Solomon Linn, both now deceased; George W., now deceased, was a prominent physician of South Bend, Indiana; William C, deceased; James O., an attorney and farmer of Marshall County; Edward R. was a prominent physician of Kosciusko County, now deceased; Penelope M., wife of John Greer, of Bourbon, Marshall County; John P., a prominent physician of Bourbon, Marshall County; Grason H., deceased; Toliver G., our subject; Isaac, deceased ; Elizabeth, deceased, and a child who died in infancy, unnamed. The fatlier removed with his family from Kentucky to Rush County, Indiana, in 1828, and in 1836 settled in Marshall County, being one of the oldest settlers of that county, where he lived till his death, September 29, 1839, at the age of sixty-three years. The mother died in December, 1873, at the advanced age of eighty-six years. Toliver G. Parks, the subject of this sketch, received his primary education in the common schools which he attended till twelve years of age. He then entered the academy at Indianapolis, where he spent four years. December 27, 1842, he was married to Miss Lucinda Wood, a daughter of Eli and Elizabeth (Carr) Wood, who were natives of Ohio. Isine children were born to this union - Joel H. and Hezekiah, both deceased; Artemesia, wife of Jackson Thomas, of Prairie Township; Alice A., wife of Jacob Harland, of Marshall County; Fiavius J., living in Marshall County; Palatha A., wife of W. H. Robinson, of Kosciusko County; Dovie J., wife of Joseph Lavender, of Scott Township, Kosciusko County, and one who died in infancy. Mrs. Parks died April 20. 1875, and October 24, 1886, Mr. Parks was married to a widow whose maiden name was Ada E.

Cowen. Mr. Parks came to Kosciusko County in 1853, when he purcliased 200 acres of partially improved land, sixty acres of it being under a high state of cultivation. In connection with his agricultural pursuits lie is engaged in the practice of law, in which he is meeting with fair success. Politically he affiliates with the Republican party. Since 1840 he has been an anti-slavery lectui'er, and ever since the organization of the Republican pai'ty has voted with that party.

j|^;ONSTANT M. SMITH, an active and IviKi enterprising citizen of Mentone, is a ^1 native of Kosciusko County, Indiana, born January 17, 1850, a son of Mark and Louisa (Shaw) Smith, both of whom were natives of New York. They removed to Ohio with their respective parents in an early day, and were married in that county. In 1840 they removed with their family to Kosciusko County, Indiana, and settled in Franklin, now Seward, Township. Mark Smith, the father, was a teacher in Ohio, and after getting his family settled in Kosciusko County, he began teaching in the old Franklin church, he being the first teacher in Franklin Township. This was the first house of worship erected in tlie township, and although owned by the Presbyterians, was used by all religious denominations. To the parents of our subject were born nine children, four in Ohio, and five in Kosciusko County, as follows - Abigail, wife of Henry Ilines; Jane, wife of John Paxton, LaFayette enlisted in the late war in Company F, Twelfth Indiana Infantry, and died in the hospital during his term of service; Samuel married Hannah Seibert, and after her death married Lilly Yaidiouten ; the first child born to them in Kosciusko County die(i in infancy; Seymour married Matilda Carr; Lydia, wife of Henry Long; Richmond married Martha Hossman, and Constant M., the subject of this sketch, who was married in 1881 to Miss Arabelle Leonard. C. M. Smith received a good common-school education in his youth, and afterward graduated in the teachers' course at the National Normal University at Lebanon, Ohio, and both before and after marriage taught school in Kosciusko, Miami and DeKalb counties, this State, making it the business of his life for ten 3'ears. His first experience in journalism was in 1883, when he leased the office of the Times at Silver Lake. In 1885 he bought an interest in the Herald, of Warsaw, and three months later was induced to remove to Mentone and take charge of the Gazette, which he has since edited. The Gazette is not only a well-edited paper, but is a permanent fixture in the village, and the patronage it receives proves it to be a fine investment. Mr. and Mrs. Smith have one daughter, Mabel, who was born in 1882.

LEWIS H. TENNANT, physician and farmer, section 10, Monroe Township, came to Kosciusko Cminty with his father in 1854, and settled on the farm where he now lives. His father, Lewis B. Tennant, was born in Hartford, Connecticut, in the spring of 1800, and when eighteen years of age went to New York State and engaged in the new method of distilling liquors. He subsequently went to many places in the South, where he followed the same business. He was married in 1824 to Miss Elizabeth Dewitt, who was a native of New Jersey and about five years his junior. She was reared at her birthplace, but was married at Hamilton, Canada, where her par- ents settled a few years betore. She died in 1845, in Lake County, Indiana. In 1854 Lewis II. and his father came from Upper Sandusky, Oliio, to Kosciusko County, and settled at Warsaw, and moved from there the same year to Monroe Township, and settled on section 10, where about tliree acres had been cleared and a log house built. Here in the wilderness they set up a still for distilling the medical properties of shrubs, barks, roots and berries, and the father resumed the practice of medicine, using the eclectic system. His father was twice married, and had by his first wife ten children, born as follows - Louvicy, in 1825; Earlyam, in 1827; Eachel, in 1829; Eliza Jane, in 1831; Whitman, in 1833; Demerious, in 1835; Lewis H., in 1887; Johnnie, in 1840; James D., in 1842, and Philip, in 1844. Seven were born in Canada, and the three youngest in Lake County, Indiana. James D. enlisted August 10, 1862, in Company I, Tenth Minnesota Regiment, and died at Le Sueur, Minnesota, April 23, 1863. Lewis H. enlisted August 11, 1862, at Warsaw, in Company C, Fourth Indiana Cavalry, commanded by Captain J. P. Leslie, and was discharged in July, 1865. His company was detached for headquarters body-guard duty, and served as bodyguard for Generals Q. A. Gilmore, A. J. Smith and Granger. In 1863 our subject was appointed detective, with his headquarters at Indianapolis and La Fayette, and while in the detective service he read and practiced medicine with Dr. P. Jamerson, of Indianapolis. When discharged from the United States service he returned to the farm. His father died the 10th of the following September, and he took up the forty acres he left, to which he has added until he now owns 114 acres. In 1876 he built a new house, at a cost of $1,100, and in 1885 built a barn, costing §1.000. For the past twenty years he has carried on farming in connection with his practice, confining his practice mostly to chronic cases, and making a specialty of treating diseases of the eye. He was married at Logansport, Indiana, while in the service of the United States, in August, 1864. to Miss Elizabeth Barron, daughter of John and Elizabeth (Ilauman) Barron. Dr. and Mrs. Tennant have had eleven children - John D., born June 19, 1865; Charley B., born December 11, 1867; Demerious M., November 8, 1869; Lewis W., August 2, 1871; Walter M., Septemljer 12, 1873; Frank A., September 30, 1875; Frederick T., March 2, 1878; Elroy E., born June 2, 1880, died May 22, 1885; Alma L., born September 12, 1882; James E., April 17, 1884; Otis B., April 22, 1886. Mrs. Tennant's father, John Barron, was born in Germany April 9, 1809, and immigrated to America when a young man, landing in Philadelphia. He settled in Dauphin County, Pennsylvania, where he purchased a farm, although prior to coming to America he learned the weaver's trade. He was married in Dauphin County, in 1830, to Miss Elizabeth Ilauman, a native of that county, born July 24, 1813. They had a family of seven children - Susanna, born December 8, 1832; John C, born December 28, 1834, died February 18, 1873; Louisa, born October 26, 1837, died November 23, 1874; Jacob M., born June 17, 1840; Elizabeth, born June 16, 1844; Sarah, born July 27, 1847; Catherine, born September 17, 1851. In 1855 Mr. and Mrs. Barron sold their farm in Dauphin and moved to Cass County, Indiana, near Logansport, and in 1856 bought the farm where he died June 27, 1883. Mrs. Barron still lives on the homestead with her daughter Sarah. The paternal grandparents of Mrs. Tennant died in Germany, and her maternal grandparents in Dauphin County,

]*ennsylvania. Dr. Teiinaut's paternal grandparents, Whitman and Demerious Tennant, were natives of Scotland, and died in Connecticut, aged nearly one hundred years. His maternal grandfather, John Dewitt, died in Cass County, Michigan, and his grandmother in Canada. In politics Dr. Tennant is a Republican.