Kosciusko County, Indiana - The whole text, 1887 (part 4 of 21)

October 31, 1870, found the State in a very prosperous condition; there was a surplus in the treasury of $373,249. The receipts of the year amounted to $3,605,639, and tlie disbursements to $2,943,600, leaving a balance of $1,035,288. The total debt of the State in November, 1871, was $3,937,821.

Indiana is making rapid progress in the various manufacturing industries. She has one of the largest wagon and carriage manufactories in the world, and nearly her entire wheat product is manufactured into flour within the State. In 1880 the population

Internal Imi'Kovements

This subject began to Ije agitated as early as 1818, and continued to increase in favor until 1830, when the people became much excited over the question of railroads.

In 1832 the work of internal improvements fairly commenced. Public roads and canals were begun during this year, the Wabash and Erie Canal being the largest undertaking.

During 1836 many other projected works were started, and in 1837, when Governor Wallace took the executive chair, lie found a reaction among the people in regard to the gigantic plans for public improvements. The people feared a State debt was being incurred fi-oiu which they could never be extricated.

The State had borrowed $3,827,000 for internal improvements, of which $1,327,000 was for the Wabash and Erie Canal, the i-emainder for other works.

The State had annually to pay $200,000 interest on the jJublic debt, aud the revenue derived which could be thus applied amounted to only $45,000 in 1838.

In 1839 all \vork ceased on these im])rovements, with one or two exceptions, and the contracts were surrendered to the State, in consequence of an act of the Legislature providing for the compensation of contractors by the issue of treasury notes.

In 1840 tlie system of improvements embraced ten difl'erent works, the most important of which was the Wabash and Erie Canal. The aggregate length of the lines embraced in this sj'stem was 1,289 miles,

In 1840 the State debt amounted to §1S,- 469,140; her resources for payment wore such as to place her in an unfavorable liglit before the world, but be it recorded to her credit, she did not repudiate, as some other States of the Union have done. In 1850, the State having abandoned public improvements, private capital and enterprise pushed forward public work, and altliough tlie canal lias served its day and age, and served it well, yet Indiana luis one of the finest systeins of water-ways of any State in the Union, and her railroad facilities compare favorably with the majority of States, and far in advance of many of her elder sisters in the family of States. In 1884 there were 5,521 miles of railroad in operation in the State, and new roads being built and projected where the demand justified.

In 1869 the development of mineral resources in the State attracted considerable attention. Near Brooklyn, twenty miles from Indianapolis, is a fine sandstone formation, yielding an unlimited quantity of the best building material. The limestone formation at and surrounding Gosport is of great variety, including some of the best building stone in the M'orld.

Men of enterprise M'orked hard and long to induce the State to have a survey made to determine the quality and extent of the mineral resources of the State.

In 1869 Professor Edward T. Cox was appointed State Geologist, to whom the citizens of Indiana are indebted for the exhaustive report on minerals, and the agricultural as well as manufacturing resources of the State.

southwestern part of the State, and extend from Warren County on the north to the Ohio Kiver on the south, a distance of 150 miles, comprising the counties of Warren, Fountain, Parke, Vermillion, Vigo, Clay, Sullivan, Greene, Knox, Daviess, Martin, Gil)Son, Pike, Dubois, Vanderburg, Warwick, Spencer, Perry and a portion of Crawford, Monroe, Putnam and Montgomery.

This coal is all bituminous, but is divisable into three well-marked varieties; caking coal, non-caking coal, or block coal, and cannel coal. The total depth of the seams or measures is from 600 to 800 feet. The caking coal is in the western portion of the area described, ranging from three to eleven feet in thickness. The block coal prevails in the eastern pa: t of the field, and has an area of 450 square miles; this coal is excellent in its raw state for making pig-iron.

The great Indiana coal field is within 150 miles of Chicago or Michigan City by railroad, from which ports the valuable Superior iron ores are loaded from vessels that run direct from the ore banks.

Of the caimel coal, one of tlie finest seams to be found in the country is in Daviess County, this State. Here it is three and a half feet thick, underlaid by one and a half feet of block caking coal. Cannel coal is also found in great abundance in Perry, Greene, Parke and Fountain counties.

Numerous deposits of bog-iron ore are found in the northern part of the State, and clay iron-stones and impure carbonates are found scattered in the vicinity of the coal field. In some places the deposits are of considerable commercial value. An abundance of excellent lime is also found in Indiana, especially in Huntington County, where it is manufactured extensively.

In 1852 tlie Legislature authorized the organization of county and district agricultural societies, and also established a State Board of Agriculture, and made suitable provisions for maintaining the same, the holding of State fairs, etc.

In 1873 suitable buildings were erected at Indianapolis, for a State exposition, which was formally opened September 10, of that year. The exhibits there displayed showed that Indiana was not behind her sister States in agTiculture as well as in many other industrial branches.

In 1842 Henry "Ward Beecher resided in Indianapolis, and exercised a power for good aside from his ministerial work. He edited the Indiana Farmer and Gardener, and through that medium wielded an influence toward organizing a society, which was accomplished that year. Among Rev. Beecher's co-laborers were Judge Coburn, Aaron Aldridge, James Sigarson, D. V. Culley, Keuben Ragan, Stephen Hampton, Cornelius Ratlift", Joshua Lindley, Abner Pope and many others. Tlie society gave great encouragement to the introduction of new varieties of fruit, but the sudden appearance of noxious insects, and the want of shipjiing

In 1860 there was organized at Indianap olis the Indiana Bomological Society, with Reuben Ragan as President, and William II. Loomis as Secretary.

From tins date interest began to expand, but, owing to the war, but little was done, and in January, 1864, the title of the society was changed to that of tlie Indiana llortii'ultural Society.

The society has had a steady grovvtli, and produced grand results tliroughout the State, the product of apples alone in the State for the year 1884 being 4,181,147 bushels.

Education

The subject of education is the all-important subject to any and all communities, and the early settlers of Indiana budded greater than they then knew, when they laid the foundation for future growth of tlie educational facilities in the State.

To detail the educational resources, its accomplishments from its incipiency to the present date, would require a number of large volumes; but as space in this work will not permit, and as the people have access to annual State reports of the school system in detail, we will here give only the leading features and enormous growth, as well as flourishing condition of Indiana's school system to the present time.

The free-school system was fully established in 1852, which has resulted in placing Indiana in the lead of this great nation in educational progress. In 1854 the available common school fund consisted of the congressional township fund, the surplus revenue

This amount was increased from various sources, and entrusted to the care of the several counties of the State, and by them loaned to citizens of the county in suras not exceeding $300, secured by real estate.

In 1884 there were in the State children of school age, 722,846. Number of white children in attendance at school during the year, 461,831; number of colored children in school during the year, 7,285; total attendance, 469,116; number of teachers employed, 13,615, of whom 145 were colored.

And lastly we are pleased to say that Indiana has a larger school fund than any other State in the Union. The citizens may well be proud of their system of schools, as well as the judicious management of its funds, which have been steadily increased, notwithstanding the rapid increase of population, which has demanded an inci-eased expenditure in various ways, which have all been promptly met, and the educational facilities steadily enlarged where any advancement could be made.

In 1802 Congress granted lands and a charter to the people residing at Vincennes, for the erection and maintenance of a seminary of learning; and five years thereafter an act incorporating the Vincennes University asked the Legislature to appoint a Board of Trustees and empower them to sell a township of land in Gibson County, granted by Congress for the benefit of the university. The sale of the land was slow and the proceeds small; the members of the board were apathetic, and failing to meet, the institution fell out of existence and out of memory.

act for a State University. Bloom ington was selected as the site for locating the institution. The buildings were completed and the institution formally opened in 1825. The name was changed to that of the " Indiana Academy," and subsequently, in 1828, to the " Indiana College." The institution prospered until 1854, when it was destroyed liy fire, and 9,000 volumes, with all the apparatus, were consumed. The new college, with its additions, was completed in 1873, and the routine of studies continued.

The university may now be considered on a fixed basis, carrying out the intention of the president, who aimed at scholarship rather than numbers. The university receives from the State annually $15,000, and promises, with the aid of other public grants and private donations, to vie with any other State university within the republic.

In 1862 Congress passed an act granting to each State for college purposes public lands to the amount of 80,000 acres for each Senator and Representative in Congress. Indiana having in Congress at that time thirteen members, became entitled to 390,000 acres; but as there was no Congress land in the State at that time, scrip was instituted, under the conditions that the sum of the proceeds of the lands should be invested in Government stocks, or other equally safe investment, drawing not less than five per centum on the par value of said stock, the principal to stand undiminished. The institution to be thus founded was to teach agricultural and the mechanical arts as its leading features. It was further provided by Congress that should the principal of the fund be diminished in any way, it should be replaced by the State to which it belongs, so that the capital of the fund shall remain forever undiminished; and further, that in order to avail themselves of the benefits of this act, States nnist comply with the provisos of the act within five years after it liecaine a law, viz., to erect suitable buildings for such school.

March, 1865, the Legislature accepted of the national gift, aud appointed a board uf trustees to sell the land. The amount realized from land sales was $212,238.50, which sum was increased to $400,000.

May, 1869, John Purdue, of La Fayette, offered $150,000, and Tippecanoe County $50,000 more, and tlie title of the institution was established - " Purdue University."

The building was located on a 100-acre tract, near Chauncey, which Purdue gave in addition to his magnificent donation, and to which eighty-six and one lialf acres more have since been added. The university was formally opened March, 1874:, and has made rapid advances to the present time.

The principal design of this institution was to prepare thorough and competent teachers for teaching the schools of the State, and the anticipations of its founders have been fully realized, as proven by the able corps of teachers annually graduating from the institution, and entering upon their responsible missions in Indiana, as well as other States of the Union.

The Northern Indiana Normal School and Business Institute, at Valparaiso, was organized in September, 1873. The school occupied the building known as the Valparaiso Male and Female College building. This institution has had a wonderful growth; the first year's attendance was thirty-five. At this time every State in the Union is represented, the number enrolled being over 3,000. All branches necessary to qualify students for teaching, or engaging in any line of business, are taught. The Commercial College connected with the school is of itself a great institution.

In addition to the public schools and State institutions there are a number of denominational and private schools, some of which have a national as well as a local reputation.

Notre Dame University, near South Bend, is the most noted Catholic institution in the United States. It was founded by Father Sorin, in 1842. It has a bell weighing 13,000 pounds, the largest in the United States, and one of the finest in the world.

Benevolent And Penal Institutions

By the year 1830 the influx of paupers and invalid persons was so great as to demand legislation tending to make provisions for tlie care of such persons. The Legislature was at tirst slow to act on the matter. At the present time, however, there is no State in the Union which can boast a better system of benevolent institutions.

In behalf of the blind, the flrst efl:ort was made Ijy James M. liay in 1846. Through his etibrts William II. Churchman came from Kentucky with blind pupils, and gave exhibitions in Mr. Beecher's church in Indianapolis. These entertainments were attended by members of the Legislature, and had the desired effect. That body passed an act for founding an institution for the blind in 1847. The buildings occupy a space of eight acres at the State capital, and is now in a flourishing condition.

The first to awaken an interest in the State for the deaf and dumb was William AViilard, himself a mute, who visited Indianapolis in 1843. He opened a school for mutes on his own account with sixteen pupils. The next year the Legislature adopted this school as a a State institution, and appointed a board of trustees for its management. The present buildings were completed in 1850, situated east of the city of Indianapolis. The grounds comprise 105 acres, devoted to pleasure grounds, agriculture, fruits, vegetables, flowers and pasture.

The question in regard to taking action in the matter of providing for the care of the insane, began to be agitated in 1832-'33. No definite action was taken, liowever, until 1844, when a tax was levied, and in 1845 a commission was appointed to obtain a site for a building. Said commission selected Mount Jackson, near the State capitol.

Other buildings have been erected from time to time, as needed to accommodate the increased demand, and at the present time Indiana has an institution for the insane equal to any in the West.

The State hospital not aflbrding sufficient accommodations for her insane, March 7, 1883, an act providing for the location and erection of " Additional Hospitals for the Insane " was passed by the Legislature, and March 21 commissioners were appointed. After careful consideration three sites M'ere located, one at Evansville, one at Logansport and one at Richmond, called respectively the Southern, Northern and Eastern hospitals. The Southern Indiana Hospital for Insane is located four miles east of Evansville, and is built on the corridor plan. The buildings are situated near the center of the hospital domain, which consists of 160 acres of highly improved land. The structure proper consists of a central oblong block, which is practically the vestibule of the entire hospital. From the first floor and the two galleries above, entrance is had into the four lateral wings. The total capacity is 162 patients. This building has been erected at a cost of $391,887.49.

The Northern Indiana Hospital for the Insane is located a mile and a half west of Logansport, on a tract of land including 281 acres, lying on the south bank of the Wabash River, and is built on the pavilion plan. At the center of the ridge, in the maple grove, is situated the administration house. This is flanked on each side by tire pavilions, arranged in a straight line, which are intended and designed for the accommodation of the sick and infirm. On either side of the above named group, 205 feet distant, are located two pavilions, alike in every particular, intended for quiet patients. This liospital has a capacity for 342 patients, and was erected at a cost of $417,992.98.

The Eastern Indiana Hospital for tlie Insane is located on a tract of 306 acres, two miles west of Richmond, and is constructed on the cottage plan. The buildings, seventeen in numher, are arranged in and around three sides of a quadi-angle, 1,000 feet long, by 700 feet broad, near the center of the farm, the third, or northern side, being closed in by a grove. The southern front contains the administration house; the eastern front, five houses for female patients, and the western front, similar houses for male patients. This liospital has a capacity of 443 patients, and was erected at a cost of $409,867.88.

The first penal institution established in the State, known as the State Prison South, is located at Jeftersonville. It was established in 1821, and was the only prison until 1859. Before this j)rison was established, it was customary to resort to the old-time punishment of the whipping-post. For a time the prisonei's were hired to contractors; later, they were employed constructing new prison buildings, which stand on sixteen acres of ground. From 1857 to 1871, they were employed manufacturing wagons and farm implements. In 1871 the Southwestern Car Company leased of the State all convicts capable of performing labor pertaining to the manufacture of cars. This business ceased to 1)6 profitable to the company in 1873, and in 1876 all the convicts were again idle.

In 1.S59 the Legislature passed an act authorizing the construction of a State prison in the north part of the State, and appropriated $50,000 for that purpose; Michigan City, on Lake Michigan, was the site selected, and a large ni;mber of convicts from the prison Soiith, were moved to that point and began the work whicii has produced one of the best prisons in the country. It dift'ers widely from the Southern, in so much as its sanitary condition has been above the average of similar institutions.

The prison reform agitation, which in this State attained telling proportions in 1869, caused a legislative measure to be brought forward wliicli would have a tendency to ameliorate the condition of female convicts.

The Legislature of 1873 voted $50,000 for the erection of suitable buildings, which was carried into effect, and the building declared ready in September, 1873, located at the State capital, and known as the Indiana Heformatory Institution for Women and Girls. To this institution all female convicts in other prisons in the State were immediately removed, and the institution is one of the most commendable for good resuits to be found in any State.

In 1867 the Legislature appropriated $50,- 000, for the purpose of founding an institution for the correction and reformation of juvenile offenders. A Board of Control was appointed by the Governor, who assembled in Indianapolis, April 3, 1867, and elected Charles F. Coffin as President. Governor Baker selected the site, fourteen miles from Indianapolis, near Plainfield, where a fertile farm of 225 acres was purchased.

January 1, 1868, a few buildings M'ere i-eady to receive occupants; the main building was completed in 1869. Everything is constructed upon modern principles, and with a view to health and comfort. The institution is in a prosperous condition, and the good efiects of the training received there by the young well repays the tax-payers, in the way of improving society and elevating the minds of those who would otherwise be wrecked on life's stream before attaining to years of maturity.

Oliver Pebry Morton

LIVER PERRY ]\[ORTON, the AVar Governor of Indiana, and one of ,^ the most eminent United ''^ \p^ States Senators, was born ^-^ I ,. , (^ , vN^ in Salisbury, Wayne

£^ilfv2^ County, tliis State, August 4, 1823. The name, which is of English origin, was originally Throckmorton. When young Oliver became a lad he attended the academy of Professor Hoshour at Centreville, in his native county, but could not continue long there, as tiie family was too poor to defray his expenses. At the age of fifteen, therefore, he was placed with an older brother to learn the hatter's trade, at which he woi'ked four years. Determining then to enter the profession of law, he began to qualify himself b}^ attending the Miami University, in 1843, where he remained two years. Returning to Centreville, he entered the study of law with the late Judge Newman. Succeeding well, he soon secured for himself an independent practice, a good clientage, and rapidly rose to prominence. In 1852 he was elected circuit judge; but at the end of a year he resigned, preferring to practice as an advocate. Up to 1854 Mr. Morton was a Democrat in his party preferences; but the repeal of the Missouri Compromise caused liim to secede, and join the incoming Republican party, in which he became a leader from its beginning. He was a delegate to the Pittsburg Convention in 185G, where he so exhibited his abilities that at the next Republican State Convention he was nomiiuxted for Governor against Ashbel P. Willard, the Democratic nominee. His party being still young and in the minority, was defeated; but Mr. Morton came out of the contest with greatly increased notoriety and popularity.

In 1860 Judge Morton received the nomination for Lieutenant-Governor of Indiana, on the ticket with Henry S. Lane, and they were elected; but only two days after their inauguration Governor Lane was elected to the United States Senate, and Mr. Morton became Governor. It was while filling this position that he did his best public work, and created for himself a fame as lasting as the State itself. He opposed all compromise with the Rebellion, and when the Legislature passed a joint resolution providing for the appointment of peace commissioners, he selected men who were publicly known to be opposed to any compromise.

During the dark and tedious days of the war, in 1864, Governor Morton defeated Joseph E. McDonald, in the race for Governor, by a majority of 20,883 votes. The next summer he had a stroke of partial paralysis, from which he never fully recovered. The disease so affected the lower part of his body and his limbs, that lie was never afterward able to walk without the assistance of canes; but otherwise he enjoyed a high degree of jdiysical and mental vigor. In December following he made a voyage to Europe, where he consulted eminent physicians and received medical treatment, but only partially recovered. In March, 1860, he returned to the executive chair to resume his official duties.

In January, 18(37, Governor Morton was elected to the United States Senate, being succeeded in his State duties by Lieutenant- Governor Baker. In 1873 Senator Morton re-elected, and he continued a member of that body while he lived. In that position Mr. Morton ranked among the ablest statesmen, was one of the four or hve chiefs of his party, and, being Chairman of the Committee on Privileges and Elections, he did more in determining the policy of the Senate and of the liepublican party than any other member of the Senate. It was during tliis period that the many vexed questions of the reconstruction period came up, and with reference to all of them he favored radical and repressive measures in dealing with the rebellious States.

In the spring of 1877 Senator Morton went to Oregon as Chairman of a Senate Committee to investigate the election of Senator Grover, of that State, and while there he delivered, at Salem, the last political speech of his life. During his return, by way of San Francisco, he suffered another paral^'tic stroke, and he was brought East on a special car, taken to the residence of his mother-inlaw, Mrs. Burbanks, at Bichmond, this State, and passed the remainder of his days there, dying November 1, 1877. Tlie death of no man, with the exception of tliat of President Lincoln, ever created so much grief in Indiana as did that of Senator Morton. The lamentation, indeed, was national. The President of the United States directed the flags on public buildings to be placed at half-mast, and also that the Government departments be closed on the day of the funeral. The remains of the great statesman were interred at the spot in Crown Hill Cemetery where he stood on Soldiers' Decoration Day, in May, 1876, when he delivered a great speech to a large asscmlilagc. Never liefore did so many distinguished men attend the funeral of a citizen of Indiana.

Personally, Senator Morton v/as characterized by great tenacity of purpose and shrewd foresight. Taking his aim, he ceased not until he attained it, without comjjromise and without conciliation, if not by the means first adopted, then by another. As Governor of Indiana he exhibited wonderful energy, tact and forethought. He distanced all other Governors in putting troops in the field, and he also excelled them all in providing for their wants while there. Ilis State pride was intense, and in respect to the general character of the people of his State he brought Indiana "out of the wilderness" to the front, since which time the Iloosier State has been more favorably known. In the great civil war which tried the mettle and patriotism of the people, Indiana came to the front under his guidance, yea, to the forefront of the line. As a legislator, he originated and accomplished much, being naturally, as well as by self-discipline, the most aggressive, bold and clear-Iieaded Republican politician of his time. lie was also well versed in the sciences, especially geology; and even in theology he knew more than many whose province it is to teach it, although he was not a member of any church.

Homas Andrews

HOMAS ANDREWS HENDEIOKS, elected Vice-President of the United States in 1884, was born in Muskingum County, Ohio, near city of Zanesville, Septem- 7, 1819. The following ng the family moved to son, this State, and in to Shelby County, where opened up a farm in a parsely settled region near the ter of the county. It was W\3!^ liere that Thomas grew to manhood. After the completion of his education at Hanover College he studied law in the office of his uncle, Judge Thomson, at Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, and in due time was admitted to the bar.

In 1848 he was elected to the Legislature; in 1850, to the convention which framed the present Constitution of the State, being an active participant in the deliberations of that body; in 1851 and 1852, to Congress; in 1855, was appointed Commissioner of the

General Land Office, which lie resigned in 1859; 1863-'69,United States Senator; 1872- '77, Governor of Indiana; and finally, July 12, 1884, he was nominated by the Democratic National Convention at Chicago as second on the ticket with Grover Cleveland, which was successful in the ensuing campaign; but a few days before he should begin to serve as Speaker of the Senate, November, 1885, he suddenly died at his home in Indianapolis.

Going back for particulars, we should state that in 1860 he was candidate for Governor of Indiana against Henry S. Lane, and was defeated by 9,757 votes, while the Kepublican majority of the State on the national ticket was 23,524, showing his immense popularity. Again, in 1868, Conrad Baker defeated him by 1,161 votes, when Grant's majority over Seymour in the . State was 9,579, and this, too, after he had so bitterly opposed the policy of Lincoln's administration, and thereby lost from his constituency many Union sympathizers. And finally, in 1872, his majority for Governor over General Thomas M. Brown was 1,148; the same year Grant's majority in the State over Greeley was 22,924. Governor Hendricks was tlie only man elected on liis ticket that year, excepting Professor Hopkins, who was cliosen to a non-political office.

In 1876 Governor Hendricks was a conspicious candidate for the Presidency, being the favorite of the Western Democracy; bnt the East proved t^io powerful, and nominated Tilden, giving Hendricks the second pla(;e on the national ticket, thereby strengthening it greatly in the West.

During the intervals of official life, Mr. Hendricks practiced law with eminent success, being equally at home before court or jury, and not easily disturbed by unforeseen tui-ns in a case. He had no specialty as an advocate, being alike efficient in the civil and criminal court, and in all kinds and forms of actions. When out of office his voice was frequently heard on the political questions of the day. Indiana regarded liim -witli pride, and among a large class he was looked upon as the leader of the Democracy of the West. His adherents rallied around him in ISSO, and his name was again prominent lV)r the Presidential nomination, and might have been carried were it not for the opposition of the friends of Mr. McDonald.

As his views on governmental affairs were critical, definite and positive, he had many political enemies, bnt none of them have ever charged him with malfeasance in office, or incompetency in any of his public positions. He was a man of convictions, conservative, eloquent in puldic address, careful of his utterances, and exceedingly earnest.

Mr. Hendricks belonged to a family noted in the history of Indiana. His uncle, AVilliam Hendricks, was secretary of the convention that formed the first Constitution ot tlie State; was Indiana's first Ilepresentative in Congress, her second Governor, and for two full terras represented it in the Senate of the United States. A cousin, John Abram Hendricks, fell at the battle of Pea Eidge while leading his regiment against the enemy; and another cousin, Thomas Hendricks, was killed in the Teche country while serving in tlie Union army- Mr. Hendricks' father was an elder in the Presbyterian church, and he himself was baptized and brought up under the auspices of tluit denomination. He never joined any church until 1867, when he became a member of the Protestant Episcopal church, retaining his Calvinistic views. In person Mr. Hendricks was five feet nine inches high, weighed about 185 pounds; his eyes gray, liair of a sandy hue, nose large and prominent, complexion fair and inclined to freckle, and his mouth and chin were expressive of determination and tenacity. He wore no beard except a little near the ear. He was a man of good habits, health good, step firm and prompt, and voice resonant and steady.

After his nomination for the Vicc-Pi'esidency he took an active part in the campaign, delivering a number of powerful addresses, and while waiting for his term of official service to begin, death ended his days and cast an indescribable shade of gloom over his family. State and nation.

HIS eminent statesman was born in New York City, March 23, 1823, the only son of his ^yiclowed mother; was taught in the common schools of the city, finished his education at a high-school on Crosby street, and at ten years of age he had received all the school training he ever had. 'd After clerking in a store for three years, he removed to In- ^^^^'\A diana with his mother and f\^ stepfather, Mr. Mathews, settling in St. Joseph County. Here, in the village of New Carlisle, the youth served four years more as clerk in a store; then, at the age of seventeen years, he was apj^ointed deputy county auditor, and to fulfill his duties he moved to the county seat. South Bend, where he remained a resident until his death.

Like almost ev-ery Western citizen of any mental activity, young Colfax took a practical hold of political matters about as soon as he could vote. lie talked and thought, and began to publish his views, from time to time, in the local newspaper of the place. His peculiar faculty of dealing fairly, and at the same time pleasantly, with men of all sorts, his natural sobriety and common sense, and his power of stating things plainly and correctlj', made him a natural newspaper man. He was employed during several sessions of the Legislature, to report the proceedings of the Senate for the Indianapolis Journal, and in this position made many friends. In 1845 he became proprietor and editor of the St. Jose2)h Valley Mcyister, tlie South Bend newsjjaper, which then had but 250 subscribers; but the^'outhful editor had hope and energy, and after struggling through many disappointments, including the loss of his office by fire, he succeeded in making a comfortable living out of the enterprise.

Mr- Colfax was a Whig so long as that party existed. In 1848 he was a delegate to the convention which nominated General Taylor for President, and was one of the secretaries of that body. The next year he was a member of the State Constitutional Convention, being elected thereto from a Democratic district. Soon afterward he was nominated for the State Senate, but declined because he could not be spared from his business. His first nomination for Congress was in 1851, but was beaten by 200 votes, M'hich was less than the real Democratic majority ill his district. His successful competitor was Dr. Graham N. Fitch, M'ho, along wi*-h Ml-. l!right, hecanie so consiiiciious in the support of Buchanan. In 1852 he was a delegate to the Whig National Oonvention that nominated General Scott, and was again seeretaiy.

Franklin Pierce, the Democratic nominee, was elected President, and during his term the Wliig party was dissolved upon the issue of slavery, and, naturally enough, Mr. Colfax drifted in with the party of freedom. So did the people of his Congressional district; for, after having given their Democratic representative 1,000 majority two years before, they now nominated and elected Mr. Colfax to succeed him by aliout 2,000 majority.

The Congress to whicli he was thus elected is noted for tlie tedious struggle in the election of a Speaker of the House, resulting, February 2, 1850, in the choice of N. P. Banks. Mr. Colfax, who was second in the race for the Speakership, exhibited wonderful parliamentary tact in staving off the Southerners, who at times seemed on the point ot success. As to parties at this time, they were considerably broken up, comprising " Anti-Neljraska"' (Republican), Democrats, Know-Nothings and nondescripts. During this and tlie succeeding Congress, to whicli Mr. Colfax was elected, lie delivered several telling speeches, some of whicli were printed almost by the million and distributed to the voters throughout the North. These speeches were full of solid facts and figures with reference to the Pro-Slavery party, especially in Kansas, so that, by a sort of play upon his name, tlie people often referred to him as "Cold-facts."'

In 1860 Mr. Colfax was elected to Congress tlie third time, and in 1862 the fourth time. In December, 1863, he was chosen Speaker of the House, which position he retained to the end of the tei"m for which Lincoln and Johnson were elected, exliibiting pre-eminent parliamentary skill and an obliging disposition. Equally polite to all, he was ever a gentleman worthy of the liighest honor.

Tlie favorable notoriety gained by bis " cold facts " against slavery, parliamentary ability, his power of debate, and liis suavity of manner, led the Republican party in 1868 to place him on tlio national ticket, second only to the leading soldier of the Union, U. S. Grant. Being elected, he served as President of the Senate witli characteristic ability througliout his term. Tiien, retiring from political life, he devoted the remaining years of his life to lectures upon miscellaneous topics; and it was during a lecturing tour in Minnesota that lie was stricken down witli his final illness. He died at Maukato, that State, January 13, 1885.

ERE we luive presented a pi-actical illustratiuii of the type of man pi'oduced by a young and vigorous republic, fay(j^^ wbicb had, but a few ' years preceding his birth, asserted, with justice, and successfully maintained, her claim &^^^ to assume her rightful position as t* NKVp Qj^g f,f the nations of the earth. James D.Williams was born iu Pickaway County, Ohio, January 8, 1808, soon after that State had assumed her place among that galaxy of stars destined to become the greatest nation in the world.

In childhood he removed with his parents to Knox County, Indiana, whei-e be received a common-school education, and grew to manhood a tiller of the soil.

He entered the theater of life at a time when the stage scenery was of the most gigantic grandeur ever beheld by the eye of man. Nature in her stupendous splendor was around and abont the young actor, and he readily imbibed the spirit of his surroundings, and was filled with enthusiastic hoj^e for the future greatness of the vast and beautiful countiy, M'hich but awaited the call of the husbandman to answer in bountiful liurvests to his many demands. With young Williams the grandeur of the scene filled his soul with a hopeful determination to act well his part in the great drama before him, as the reader will find while following him down life's pathway.

When he attained to manhood he engaged in agricultural pursuits and stock-raising, and became widely known as a practical and successful Indiana farmer.

He had closely observed the passing events in the clash and conflict of political jiarties, and his fellow citizens saw in him the qualified elements of a representative man, and he was frequently elected as a Democrat to represent his county in the Lower House of the Legislature, where he discharged the duties devolving upon him with marked ability and even beyond the expectations of his constituents. The sagacity and ability with which he dealt with public measures in the LoM'er House opened the avenue to higher honors and more weighty i-esponsibilities.

In 1859 he was elected to the State Senate, where he continuously served his constituency imtil 1867, maintaining the reputation he liad gained in the Lower House for ability and the faithful performance of duty, and still developing a capacity for a wider field of operations.

Prominent Men Of Indiana

He was not permitted to long live in tlie liome life which he so much enjoyed. The able and faithful manner in wliich he had discharged his duties as a public servant, his common sense and social manner, made hiin friends even among his political opponents. lie bore honors conferred upon him nobly but meekly, never ceasing to gratefully remember those to whom gratitude was due for the positions of honor and trust to which they had called him.

He was destined to spend his life as a public servant. His fellow citizens again elected him to the State Senate in 1871, and in 1874 he was again crowned with higher honors, and was elected to repi-esent his district in the Congress of the United States, where he displayed the same ability in dealing with public questions that he had in the legislative body of his State. During his term in Congress he served in the important position of chairman of the Committee on Public Accounts.

He was a prominent and leading member of the Indiana State Board of Agriculture for seventeen years, and served as its president for three years. No one citizen of Indiana was more deejily interested and active in developing and promoting the agricultural and other industrial resources of his State than he. One leading feature of his ambition was to be in the front rank of progress, and to place his State on a plane with the sister States of tlie prosperous Union. He was equally active in the educational interest of his fellow citizens, and advocated facilities for diffusing knowledge among the masses, placing an education within the reach of children of the most humble citizen.

He gathered happiness while promoting the welfare of others, and step by step, year by year, his friends increased in numbers and warmed in devotion to their trusted, faithful and grateful servant. He was rapidly growing in State popularity, as lie had long enjoyed the confidence of his own county and district, and in his quiet, unassuming way was building larger than he knew. His plain manner of dress, commonly " blue jeans," caused him to become widely known by the sobriquet of " Blue Jeans," of which his admirers were as proud as were those of " Old Hickory " as applied to Andrew Jackson, or " Rough and Ready " as applied to General Zachariali Taylor.

The civil war had made fearful inroads in party lines; the public questions to be settled immediately following the close of the war involved problems which many leading men, who had jjreviously acted with the Democratic party, could not solve satisfactorily to themselves from a Democratic standpoint; hence they cast their fortunes with the popular party, the Republican.

The Democratic party had been impatiently but energetically seeking State supremacy. James D. Williams, so far as tried, had led the column to success, why not make him their Moses to lead them to possess the promised land. State Supremacy?

The centennial anniversary of American independence, 1876, seemed to them the auspicious j)eriod to marshal their forces under an indomitable leader and go forth to conquer.

They accordingly in that year nominated the Hon. James D. "Williams for Governor, and the Republicans nominated General Benjamin Harrison, a military hero and a lineal descendant of General W. II. Harrison. The contest will stand m history as the most exciting campaign in the political history of the United States, and resulted in the election of the Democratic leader. His services as Governor of the State were characteristic of his past public life. He died, full of honors, on November 20, 1880.

Robert Dale Owen

if'oOKING outside of the realm of statesmen, we find that the most eminent citizen of Indiana not now living '^ was the learned Scotchman named at the head of thib sketch. liobert Owen, his father, was a great theorist in social and I'eligious reforms. He was born in Newtown, Montgomeryshire, North Wales, March 14, 1771, where he died November 19, 1858.

He (the father) entered upon a commercial life at an early age, and subsequently engaged in the cotton manufacture at New Lanark, Scotland, where he introduced important reforms, having for their object the improvement of the condition of tlie laborers in his employ; afterward he directed his attention to social questions on a broader scale, publishing in 1812 " New Views of Society, or Essays upon the Formation of the Human Character," and subsequently the " Book of tlie New Moral World," in which he advocated doctrines of human equality and the abolition of class distinctions. Having won a large fortune in his business, he was able to give his views a wide circulation, and his followers became numerous; but, being outspoken against many of the generally received theological dogmas of the time, a zealous opposition was also aroused against him. After the death of his patron, the Duke of Kent, he emigrated to this country, in 1823, and at his own expense founded the celebrated communistic society at New Harmony, this State. The scheme proving a failure he returned to England, where he tried several similar experiments with the same result; but in spite of all his failures he was universally esteemed for his integrity and benevolence. His later years were spent in eftbrts to promote a religion of reason, and to improve the condition of the working classes.

Ilis eldest son, the subject of this biographical sketch, was born in Glasgow, Scotland, November 7, 1801 ; was educated at Fellensberg's College, near Berne, Switzerland; came with his father to the United States in 1823, and assisted him in his efforts to found the colony of New Harmony. On the failure of that experiment lie visited France and England, but returned to this country in 1827 and became a citizen. In 1828, in partnership with Miss Frances AVright, he founded "The Free Enquirer," a weekly journal devoted to socialistic ideas, and to opposition to the supernatural origin and claims of Christianity. The paper was discontinued after an existence of three years. In 1832 he married llary -lane lujbinson, of Kew York, who died in 1S71. After marriage he settled again in iS'uw Harmony, where for three successive years (1835-'38) he was elected a member of the Legislature. It was through his influence that one-half of the sui'plus revenue of the United States appropriated to the State of Indiana was devoted to the support of public schools. From 1843 to 1847 he represented the First District of Indiana in Congress, acting with the Democratic Jiart}'; took an active paat in the settlement of the northwestern boundary question, serving as a member of the committee of conference on that subject, and introduced the bill organizing the Smithsonian Institute, and served for a time as one of the regents. In 1850 he was a meinber of the Indiana Constitutional Convention, in which lie took a prominent part. It was through his efforts that Indiana conferred independent property rights upon women. In 1853 he went to Naples, Italy, as United States Charge (V Affaires, and from 1855 to 1858 he held the position of Minister.

In 18G0, in the ^'ew York Trlhune, he discussed the subject of divorce with Horace Creeley, and a pamphlet edition of the controversy afterward obtained a wi^le circulation.

After the breaking out of the Rebellion, Mr. Owen was a warm champion of the policy of emancipation, and the letters which he addressed to members of the cabinet and the President on that subject were widely disseminated. When the proposition was made by certain influential politicians to reconstruct the Union with New England " left out in the cold," Mr. Owen addressed a letter to the people of Indiana exposing the dangerous character of the scheme, which the Union Leagues of New York and Philadelphia published and circulated extensively. In 1862 he served as a member of the Commisson on Ordnance Stores, and in 1803 was Chairman of the American Freedmen's Commission, which rendered valuable service to the country.

Mr. Owen was a prominent Spiritualist in liis philosophical views, and published several remarkable works inculcating them. His mind, in his later years, beginning to totter, he was often too credulous. He also published many other works, mostly of a political nature. To enumerate: he published at Glasgow, in 1824, " Outlines of System of Education at New Lanark ;" at New York, in 1831, "Moral Physiology," the ne.xt year, "Discussion with Origen Bachelor on the Personality of God and the Authenticity of the Bible;" and subsequently, "Pocahontas," an historical drama; "Hints on Public Architecture," illustrated; "Footfalls on the Boundary of Another World," probably his most wonderful work; "The Wrong of Slavery, and the Pight of Freedom;" "Beyond the Breakers," a novel; "The Debatable Land between this World and the Next," and "Threading My Way," an autobiography.

The giant intellect of Mr. Owen being linked to a large and tender heart, his sympathies were constantly rasped by witnessing the boundless but apparently needless amount of suffering in the world, and chafed by the opposition of conservatism to all eflbrts at alleviation, so that in old age he was literally woi'n out. He die<l at an advanced age.

Diogra Piiical Sketches

-^m T\ K'lIAEL FUNK, soil of JMichael and Elizabeth Fniik, was Lorn on the Gth day of January, 1795, near the town of Mexico, in Pennsylvania, where he was reared to manhood and on tlie lOtli day of March, 1822, was united in marriage to Rehecca Ydcum, daughter of John and Mary Yocum, of the same \ieinity. Soon after their marriage they removed from ronnsylvania to the distant AVest, as it was then termed, crossing the Alleghany Mountains with horse and wagon, considered then a tedious and perilous journey, settling in Wayne County, Ohio, where they lived until the year 1843. Here to them were l)orii four sons and three daughters, in the following oi-dcr, viz. - JosejJi A., IVIary Jane, Ann Elizabeth, Lewis 15., William !>., iVustin (!. and Tabitlia A. His vocation was that of a merchant, and in the fall of 1843 he removed his stoclc of goods by the primitive manner - with horses and wagons - occupying some two weeks making the journey, arriving in AVarsaw, accompanied by Lis eldest son, Jose])li A. Funk, October 13, and quite a luuiiber of families from Wayne County, ()hio. A purchase was made of (-Jeorge Morn and (TCorge It. Thralls, east of the southeast corner of the court-house s(jiuirc, upon which was a small frame building used as a st(irc-rn(iin on the I'itst end of tlio Int. in wliicli his stock of goods were placed, and the store ojiened up in charge of liis son, and after arranging for the erection of a hotel (or tavern, as it was then styled) on the west part of said lot, he returned to his family in Ohio, to arrange to move to AV^arsaw in the spring, which he did, with several other families in the procession, arriving at Warsaw about the middle of IVfay, 1844. He soon became identified with the town and all its interests, completing the hotel, opening up the same as landlord, with a large run of custom for that day, especially during the terms of court, when judges and attorneys came from Fort AVayne, Logansport, La I'orte, South Lend, Coshen and otlier parts of the country, in the interests of litigants in tlie early times of the country. His career as a citizen of AVarsaw was of comparatively short dui'ation; during the latter part of April, 1846, he was attacked with pneumonia, and from the formation and breaking of an abscess on the lungs, his life was unexpectedly terminated May 4, 1846, in tlie vigor of manhood and activity, leaving a widow and six surviving children, the youngest, Tabitlia, having died in the fall of 1844, all of whom but one were in their minority (the eldest daughter, however, being married). As a citizen he was enterprising, strictly honest in all his dealiiins with his felluw man, <reii- erous, humiuiu and liberal (if possible to a fault), ready tu feed the hungry, clothe the naked and destitute, without liope of fee or reward in tliis life. lie was a mcTuber of the Methodist Episcopal church, and as one of the trustees was engaged in building the iirst chnrch of that denomination in Warsaw, at the time of liis death, being tlie old frame cliurch, located on the present site of the more commodious brick structure. In his seemingly premature death, the church, as well as the family and community, sustained a serious loss, as the old church building remained in an unfinished condition for several years, for want of a leader to consummate the work. His bereaved companion, in her continued widowhood, survived him until November 7, 1885, when, at the advanced age of eighty-two years past, at the house of her eldest son, Joseph A. Funk, with her four surviving sons and eldest daughter to minister to her wants, in age and extreme feebleness, around her dying couch, she gently and peacefully, as a Christian warrior from early childhood, entered into rest. To say that she was a woman of remarkable character, developing in her life the principles as eliminated by the Great Teacher, would but faintly express or convey the true idea of her life of devotion, suti'ering and self-sacritice to the minds and hearts of those of her family who knew her best, but to love, regard and cherish her in life, and in deatii to most sacredly revere her memory.

,C\ farmer and Dunkard preacher, of Wash- "^ii ington Township, Kosciusko County, is a native of Indiana, bt.n-n in Carr(jll County, August 7, IS-IU. "When an infant he was l)rouglit to Kosciusko County by liis parents, Daniel and Catherine (Grow) Rrallier, and there he was reared to the avocation of a fanner, receiving his education by attending the disti'ict schools of his neighborhood and at the I'ierceton idgh school. On attaining his majority, in 1871, he began teaching in the district schools of Kosciusko County, which he followed about ten years, principally during the winter terms. He was united in marriage April lU, 1874, to Miss Catherine Baer, a daughter of Abram R. T. and Sarah (Summers) Baer, who were natives of Ohio. Mrs. Brallier was born in Columbiana County, Oliio, but reared in Kosciusko County, Indiana, to which county her parents had removed when she was an infant. Her parents being Dunkards, she was reared in the same faith, and is still a member of that denomination. Mr. and Mrs. Brallier are the parents of four children - Alva IL, Lizzie Myrtle, Chester Arthur and Ilattie May. Being a member of the Dunkard church, Mr. Brallier, in 187U, was appointed to the ministry, and received the first degree of the Dunkard ministry, and during the following year he received charge of the second degree, and now preaches regularly at Gilead Chapel, in Washington Township. In politics Mr. Brallier affiliates with the Republican party. Daniel Brallier, the father of onr subject, is a native of Pennsylvania, of French and German origin. In early life he left Pennsylvania, and located in Richland County, Ohio, where he married Catherine Grow, who was also born in Pennsylvania, and was of German parentage. They were the parents of twelve children, of whom eight still survive - John, a farmer, living in Iowa; Levi, an inmate of the Soldiers' Home at Dayton, Ohio; jMartin, a farmer, of Cass County, Indiana; Da\id, farming in Iowa; Lovinia, widow of the late John Phili])S, of Washington Townsliip;

Henry II., our subject; Simon, a farmer, of Iowa, and Daniel, residing near the old luiinc. Anna died in Washington Township, September 30, 1851:, in her twentietii year; Samuel died September 1, 1803, aged almost twelve years; Isaiah, wJio was a soldier in tlie war of the liebellion, died September 13, 1877, in his thirty-third year, and Mrs. Margaret Cragun, who died in her twentynintii year, April 25, 1883. Eeside Isaiah, their three sons, Levi, Martin and David, were soldiers in the late war. In 1844 tlie father removed with his family to Indiana, from Richland County, <^hio, and until 1849 lie followed farming and worked at the carpenter's trade in Cass and Carroll counties. In 1849 he came to Kosciusko County, wiiere he cleared the farm in Washington Township, which is now occupied by the subject of this sketch, living on tliis farm until his death, which occurred December 28, 1870, his age being over sixty-one years, lie was reared a Dunkard, and died in that faith. His widow still survives, being now seventy years old. She has been a member of tlie Dunkard church for many years.

J. WIIITTE.XBERGEK, was born in Mercer County, Pennsylvania, in the '' year 1831, a son of William and Joanna (Sippy) Whittenberger. who were natives of Pennsylvania and Virginia respectively. They immigrated to Fulton County, Indiana, in 1836, and settled on a farm near Akron. They reared a family of ten sons and one daughter, all of whom have families living in Indiana, except John, who resides in Kansas. Of their children, A. J., AVilliam, Jacob, JosejJi, John, Daniel, Stephen and Thomas were born in the State of Pennsylvania; Isaac JN', and Hiram P. in

Medina County, Ohio, and Clarissa E., who is now Mrs. Dr. Ilarter, of Akron, Indiana, was born in Fnltini County, Indiana. The parents lived on their farm in Fulton Cdiinty, Indiana, until their death. Mr. A. J. Wiiittenberger M'ent overland to California in company with five others, leaving Aknm March 10, 1852, and arriving at Maiysville, California. September 10; and of their party only two returned, A. J. and his brother Thomas. They met with fair success in their mining investments, and after staj'ing in California for two years returned home via the Isthmus of Panama. This trip formed one of the most romantic pages in the life of our suliject, to whirli he now refers with pleasure. On the return trij) they narrowly escaped deatli by the vessel taking lire, and many are the humorous incidents he relates in connection with tlie same. Landing at Panama, the passengers were obliged to walk to the railroad, which at that time had only reached half way between Aspinwall and Panama, at which place they einliarked for jS'ew York. In 1854 Mr. Whittenberger came to Kosciusko County, Indiana, and in partnership with his brother started the pioneer store in Sevastopol, and engaged in the general mercantile business. In 1859 he was married to Sarah J. Lay, a daughter of Joseph and Adaline Lay. His wife died one year and a half later, and in 1802 he married Miss S. E. Christy, of Roanoke, Huntington County, Indiana, her parents, James P. and Rosanna Christy, being among the early and prominent settlers of that county. A. J. and wife are the parents of four children - Sumner B., William C, Rosa A. and Dessie C. Tiie sons have received a good practical education. William C. and Rosa are now students at the Fort Wayne College. Mr. Whittenberger remained in Imsiness at Sevastopol till 1805, most of wiiich time he was postmaster, and in tlie fall (if 1865 removed to Larwill, Indiana, where he was also appointed postmaster. He w'as engaged in the mercantile business at that place till l.S()'J. In 187-1 he came to Claypool, Kosciusko County, and opened the first general store in the village, which, in connection with dealing in grain, he lias since continued, and is still the leading merchant in the place, lie was appointed postmaster of Claypool in 1874, which office he held till 1885, making him the second longest term postmaster in the county. Asa citizen Mr. "Whittenherger has l^een one of the foremost in the development of the liusiness interests of Chxypool, and his name carries with it the confidence of the entire community, lie is a member of the Odd Fellows' order, lieing the lirst noble grand (.)f Sevastopol Lodge, No. 403, and also the first jioble grand of Claypool Lodge, Tv'o. 515, most of the time serving as deputy depai-tment grand master.

.~.^^j Fairfield County, Ohio, October 10, 1805. Ilis father, Martin Felkner, was a native of Tennessee, and his mother, Margaret Felkner, was a native of Virginia. His father was of C4erman descent, and his mother of English. They settled in Fairfield County in the spring of 1805, where our subject lived until lie was thirteen years of age, when he removed to Franklin County, and was there reared to manhood. lie received a rudimentary education in the early subscription schools of Ohio. He was engaged in stage driving for three years when a young man, and with that exception he has always followed fiirming. He was married in Franklin County, Ohio, December 3,1829, to Miss

Mary A. McCoy, born January 10, 1811, in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. Her ])areiits were Robert and Nancy McCoy, of Irish ancestry. To this union were born eleven cliildren, five of whom survive - Rachel, wife of Elias (Tartner, of Coshen, Indiana; Eliza, wife of Andrew J. Stephenson, of Council Rlufis, Iowa; Martin Y.; Thomas C, a lawyer of Nolile County, Indiana, and Neil. Martin and Neil comprise the mercantile firm of M. & N. Felkner, of Milford. In the spring of 1830 Mr. Felkner emigrated to Elkhart County, Indiana, settling near Goshen, whei-e he lived thi'ee years. In October, 1832. a final treaty was made witli the various tribes of Indians occupying the lands now comprising Kosciusko an<l otlier counties, by which these lands were ceded to the United States Government. Mr. Felkner is supposed to be the only man living in this county \vho was present at that treaty. It was made on the south side of Tippecanoe River, in Fulton County, about three miles north of Rochester. In Marcli, 1833, he came to Kosciusko County, and settled on secti<in 21, Van Rnrcn Township, on the wild prairie, where he ttiok u}> a half section of land. He improved this land, and li\ed upon it until the fall of 1805, when he removed to Milford, where he has since resided. He was elected county commissioner in 1835, and held the office for eight consecutive years, being one of the first three elected in the county. He served several years, at different times, as trustee of Van Buren Township. Although not a church ineinl)er, he lias always lent a helping hand in the cause of religion. His daughter, Mrs. Rachel (iartiier, was the first white child born in Kosciusko County; she was born May 15, 1833. Mr. Felkner built the first barn in the county, and also the first brick house. He brought the first wheat reaper into the county. He started in the world a poor man, but his industry, good management and his indomitable energy have enabled him to acquire a competence. His children are all comfortably situated, and he Is now, in his eightysecond year, enjoying the fruits of a wellsjient life. lie has, perhajis, done as much as any other man toward developing the interests of Kosciusko County. Politically he affiliates with the Democratic party.

^[ITARLES ROBERT LONG, 1\[. D., of 'xWa Picrceton, was born in Mount (-iilead, ^W^ Morrow County, Ohio, October 13, 1851, a son of Dr. James Porter and Editha (Hunt) Long, the father born in the State of J'ennsylvania, of Scotch and Irish parentage, and the mother a natix'C of Ohii). They were married in the year 1849, and to them were born three children - Charles Robert, our subject, Minnie who died aged four years, and Mrs. Addie Nichols, of Pierceton. The father was a physician of long practice, having followed his profession in Mount Gilead, Ohio, and Genesee, Illinois, from 1848 until 1868, when he came to Kosciusko County, Indiana, and practiced medicine at Pierceton until his death, which occurred in 1880. His widow still survives. She is a member of the Baptist church of Warsaw. Charles R. Long, the subject of this sketch, was educated principally in the schools of Fredericktown, Ohio, to which place his parents had removed when he was ten years old, an'd during his youth he was emploj'ed as a clerk. In 1874 he came to , Pierceton and began studying medicine with his father, and March 3, 1880, he graduated from the Detroit Medical College at Detroit, Michigan, after having attended two courses of lectures. He began the practice of medicine with his father at Pierceton, his father dying soon after. He has a thorough knowledge of his profession, and during his residence at Pierceton he has gained the confidence and respect of the people, and has ac(juired a good practice. Dr. Long was united in mari-iage March 10, 1881, to Miss Emma J. lloovei', daughter of Daniel an<l Henrietta (Ileagy) Hoover, who live near Pierceton, they beingone of the oldest families of Kosciusko County. Dr. and Mrs. Long are the parents of two cliildren, Elnora and Addie. The doctor is a member of Pierceton Lodge, No. 377, A. F. & A. ]\I., and also of Pierceton Lodge, No. 257, I. O. O. F., of which he has passed the chair of noble grand, and is a member of the Grand Lodge of Odd Fellows of the State of Indiana. Mrs. Long is a, meml)er of the Methodist Episcopal church.

ILLIAM D. FRUSH, farmer, section 28, Wayne Township, is a native l."=c:^-j of West Virginia, the date of his birth being December 1, 1823. His parents were John and Charity Frnsh, the former a native of Maryland and of Holland descent, the latter a native of Pennsylvania and of Scotch descent. His paternal grandfather, George Frush, was a soldier of the war of 1812, as was also his nniternal grandfather, Jones; the latter, with his sister, was captured by the Indians and taken to Canada, where they remained about seven years. John Frnsh was thrice married, and was the father of six children, of whom three survive - Elisha, Parmelia and William D. The mother died when William D. was very young. In 1834 he came with his father to Elkhart County, Indiana, and to this county in 1838. They were pioneers, and settled in the forest on section 26, Wayne Township, where the father entered 160 acres of (Tovernment land. They lived there many years, and later removed near the place where our subject now resides. The father died in 1871, having reached the age of eighty-eight years. Tlis last wife surviveil him several j'cars. AVilliam D. was reared on a fixrm and educated in the early district schools, such as were had in that day. lie has been twice married. His first wife was Phcebe Kirk, and their children were Jerome, Jehu, Jasper and John. Ilis second wife was Mrs. Ann Cook, widow of the late Enoch Ruch, of this county. Their children were William and Emma, the latter being the wife of Uarry S. Boyd, of DeKalb County, Indiana. Mr. Frusli has resided upon his present farm since 1859, and has seen much of pioneer life. lie is the owner of eighty acres of e.\cellent land, and has been successful in life. II is two sons, Jerome and Jasper, partici])ated in the late war of the Ilebellion, being soldiers in the Union army. In 1882 he was elected trustee of Wayne Township on the Republican ticket, and served four years, lie is a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and is recognized as one of the enterprising citizens of Wayne Township.

iWW I b< > R. BARBER is a native of Lou- I / \ ''""-' Massachusetts, born November ^Hji-^ 12, 1803, a son of R(.is\vell and Betsey Barber, who soon after the birth of our subject moved to Connecticut. When he was eight years old they removed to Sheldon, Genesee County, New York, living there till their death. They were the parents of five children - Laura, Sylvia, Milo, Nancy and Myron. The father was twice married, the maiden name of his second wife being Sofronia Case, and by his second marriage he had two children - Plirades and Elsie. Of his children, Myron, Nancy and Milo came to Indiana. They have been a rennirkably long-lived family, the ages of the children in 1883 averaging over eighty years. Tiie eldest daughter was ninety years old at the time of her death, and Sylvia, who is still living in Pennsylvania, is eighty-seven years of age, and both were pensioners of the war of 1812, their husbands serving in that campaign. Jerred Barber, brother of Roswell Barber, was a soldier in the war of the Revolution, and he held the iidcstand into which General Washington dipped his pen in signing the order for the execution of Major Andre. Milo R. Barber, whose name heads this sketch, was a tanner by occujiation when a young man. He learned his trade in Connecticut when eighteen years of age, and for several years worked at it in Newark, New Jersey. He subseijuently went to (4reene County, New '\'orl<, where he met Miss Miranda I'liitlcr, v.'ho was a resident of that county, and was married to her Se]itember 15, 1830. She was a daughter of Stephen and Sabrina (Sanford) Butler, and was lioru Ajn-il 10, 1811. Mr. and Mrs. Barber lived in Greene County about seven years after their marriage, and there their four eldest children, Abi, Charles, Sophronia and Myron, were born. They came to Kosciusko County, Indiana, in 1838. On reaching Fort Wayne, Indiana, they ])roceeded via the canal to Peru, thence to his brother-in-law's land in this county, with an ox team, bringing his wife and children and all his worldly possessions at one load. He came to the county without a dollar, but he owned a good ax aiid rifle, and knew how to use both. After living a year on his brother-in-law's place, Mr. Barber borrowed !?;100, and entered the eighty-acre tnict upon which lie still rc:~idr.~, and in 1840 built the lirst log cabin. He cleared his own land, and also did much hard clearing for his neighbors, and the second winter spent in the county he cut and split 7,700 rails, which he sold for §1 per hundred, and with the proceeds he pnrcliased liis iirst ox team. As a hunter he had no superior in the county, and their larder was always well supplied with venison and other wild meats. Mr. Barber was not only a great hunter, but a noted trapper, and for many years was engaged in trapping and buying furs. In tliis business it was necessary for him to have a horse, and he bought on credit a nag, which failed to make time, so he traded for a big grey, wliich, he declared, " trotted so hard that it shook all the tails off his coon-skins.'' He next secured a crooked-legged liorse, known to all the early settlers as Coon-skin Bill, and it is said that he frequently walked back to his master's house so enveloped in coon, mink and other pelts that only his head and crooked legs could he. seen. Mr. Barber was associated in his fur business witli William Thorne, who furnished tiie money to carry on the trade. Tliey were very successful, and one day's sale amounted to $r;,000. The following winter Mr. Barber purchased, with his share of tlie profits, another eightyacre tract, which he cultivated and improved. The farm is still ver^- productive, and is yet occupied by himself and wife, where they are surrounded with everything necessary for their comfort and convenience. Ilis years of arduous toil have been well rewarded, and as his family gi'ew be was able to i-eplace his pioneer cabin by his large two-story residence. Although eighty-tln-ee years old, jNTr. Barber still M-orks on his farm, and takes pleasure in keeping bis |)lace in good order. Both he and wife are hale and hearty considering their years, and Mr. Barber frequently walks to the village of Silver Lake and back to his farm in one day. Eighteen children liave been born to them, among them being three pairs of twins. Milo, Calvin, Sylvester, George and Theron were born in Se\vard Townshi]), Kosciusko County. Six of the sons were soldiers in the late war, all sharing in the great battles, and returning home full of honor. Myron was a member iif the Twentieth Indiana Infantry, and was wounded at the battle of the wilderness; ]\[ilo and Calvin belonged to the Twenty-sixth; Charles

(Tcorge in the ( )ne Hundred and Twentyeighth Indiana Infantry. Soon after his return from the army George was married to Lena Miller, and seven weeks later was stabbed to death by (4eorge llani.'S. Mr. Barber was the first trustee of Seward Township, appointed June 8, 1859, and has ser\-ed efficiently for five years. He is noted for spontaneous wit and quick repartee, and always takes great ])leasurein joking the Democratic party, of which he was a leader fur many years. He is a man of sterling integrity, and few local men possess the confidence and respect of the public to a greater extent than lie, who has been a resident of this county for so many years.

^ENKY PLANTAGENET CKOCXr \ ETT was born in England, August ( 1'.), 1854, son of Joseph and Martha Crockett, both of whom are deceased, the father dying in England. When four years of age he came with his mother to America, and settled in London, Canada. AVhen he was fourteen years of age they moved to Detroit, IMicliigan. He received a liberal English education, and at the age of twenty-one began to learn tlie trade of a millwright. Snlisequently he l)ecame a contractor i'or some time. In 1881 he engaged with John

T. Noyes & Son, of Buftiilo, New York, tlie well-known and extensive mill rcfittcrs, remaining with them until 1885. During the summer of 1884 he superintended the overhauling of his present mill property, preparatory to refitting it with rolls and machinery that would ])roduce the Ijest grades of Hour. The mill is a substantial frame structure, 40 x 50 feet, containing four stories. The engine room is 20x35 feet, containing a tuitular boiler twelve feet long and four feet in diameter, antl a liftyhorse - power engine. Mr. Crockett purchased the mill in 1880, and lias named it the Leeshurg Holler Mills, and manufactures a su})erior grade of roller Hour. The mill was built in ISG'J, liy INIessrs. Wade A: Armstrong, and it has since had several proprietors. Mr. Crockett purchased it of W. J. Crawford. Three workmen are employed, a miller, assistant miller, and an engineer, the pro])rietor personally superintending the work. Mr. Crockett was married December 7, 1885, to Levisa Stookey, daughter of John and Elizabeth Stookey, early settlers of this county, lie is a strong advocate of prohibition, and has long been engaged in temperance work. He was County Chief Templar of the Independent Order of Good Templars of Erie County, New York, one year. He and his wile are members of the Baptist church.

fAMES JM. AMISS, M. D., is a native of Wells County, Indiana, born May 22, 1852, son of Philip M. and Rachel (Good) Amiss. The father was born near Amissville, Rappahannock County, Virginia, the village being named in honor of his family, who were old and highly respected citizens of that county and State. The mother was a native of Perry County, Ohio. Tlie parents removed to Wells County about the year 1850, and two years later removed to Wabash County, where the mother died in April, 1873. The father is still living on his farm ill that county, aiul is now in his seventysecond year. Ten children were l)orn to them - Josejih. AVilliam, Elizabeth, .John, (ieoi-ge, ^lary, dames, Albert, Martha and Charles, all of whom are yet living; Charles, the youngest, is twenty-seven years of age, and all are married except him. Albert graduated from the Central Law School of Indianapolis, in the class of 1880. John is a lumber merchant of Cincinnati, Ohio. Joseph was, in 1886, the Democratic c;ui(lidate i'or auditoi- of Ilinitington (.'ouiity, and he is also trustee of the township in which he resides. George is also trustee of Pleasant Township, Wabash County, IndiauM. Pliili]) Amiss was one of the pioneer teachers of Wabash County, and all of his children received liberal educational advantages, and iive of them were for a time engaged in teaching school. James M. Amiss, the subject of this sketch, completed his classical education in the normal schools of Kosciusko County, and in 1870 began the study of medicine with Dr. W. Y. Wells, and later attended the Medical College of Indiana, from which noted institution he graduated in Eebruary, 1880. He then came directly to Silver Lake, and from the first has met with success in his profession, and is now enjoying a good practice. In October, 1880, he was married to ]\Iiss Ella Leckron, a daughter of Benjamin and Maria Leckron, of Kosciusko County. Her parents were natives of Licking County, Oliio, coming to Indiana in 1873, and have since resided on a choice farm located near the village of Si her Lake. Dr. Amiss is a very popular citizen, always taking an active interest in every enterprise whicli lie deems for the advancement of his township or county, and has sei'ved three terms very acceptably as village clerk. He acquired an excellent rejjutation as a teacher, having followed that profession for thii'teen consecutive terms.

W' EWIS S. CLAYTON, postmabter of ]\Icn- )!lw tone, was born in Decatur, Adams Coun- %^^ ty, Indiana, in May, 1853, a son of Joseph and Mary (Smith) Clayton. Tlio parents came to Indiana from Wayne County, Ohio, in 1844, where they settled in Adams County when there were but five houses in Decatur. The father purchased a tract of laud near the village, cleared it, and afterward settled on it with his family. In 18G9 the family removed to Noble County, where the parents have since made their home. Lewis S. Clayton, the subject of this sketch, received good educational advantages, attending the Valparaiso Normal School. His first term of school was taught in Will (Jounty, Illinois, in the winter of 1871-'72, and for nineteen consecutive terms he taught in Whitley and Noble couuties, liuliana, becoming widely and favorably known as a popular teacher. Many of his pupils sulisequently became prominent teachers, among whom may be mentioned J. W. AVeigel, Luther Adair, Louisa M. Stultz and Elma Piper. Mr. Clayton was united in marriage in 1877 to Miss Ella Myers, of Noble County, Indiana, her grandfather, Noah Myers, being the first white settler of that county. Four children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Clayton - Bertha I., Sherman C, Elsie E. and Grace M. (twins), of whom the latter died in August, 1886. In 1882 Mr. Clayton came with his family to the new village of Men tone, and he and C. E. Doane erected the third business house in the village, and engaged in the hardware business, they being among the first merchants of Mcntone. In the spring of 1881 Mr. Clayton disposed of his interest in the hardware business and jjurchased a general stock of merchandise, continuing in that line of trade until the following spring, when he sold out. The same summer he erected his present residence, which is a credit to the village. About the same time he was appointed agent of the American Express Company. Mr. Clayton is a staunch Democrat, and during the campaign of 1884 he took an active part in the local politics of his county. Jn 1885 he was appointed to his present position of postmaster, the first regularly appointed Democratic postmaster in this district under the new administration, and the first Democratic postmaster in the village of Mentone. He was the first treasurer of the school board appointed after Mentone was incorporated. He has served as notary public since 1884. His family was the second to settle in the village, William Kintzel having come with his family only two days befoi'e, and both families occupied the same ln)use for a time.

OSEI'II r. DOLAN, the principal of the public schools of Syracuse, was born in Brooklyn, New York, March 20, 1849. Ilis parents were poor, but possessed that sacred passion which characterizes so many Irishmen in America to-day, that is, to give their children a good education, that they may walk abreast with the vanguard of progress and intellectual culture. He was educated at the Franciscan Academy, and finished in the same class with Itev. V. Gardiner, who has since attained prominence as an orator and lecturer. Finding that the West oflei-ed a wider field for growth, and one less beset with temptations than the cities, lie went to Wisconsin in tiie fall of 1871, in time to witness the devastating tires whicii make that year meniiiralile. The next year he engaged with Tom lioek, a railroad contractor, as water-carrier on the Madison Division of the Chicago & Northwestern Railway, hut was soon given a position as time-keeper and bookkeeper, which plac^e he held till the completion of the work in November. At the close of this work the question of a permanent and suitable avocation was strongly thrust upon him. His predilection for books and literary work brought him into contact with teachers, in whose meetings and institutes lie took an active interest. He finally concluded that he would follow teaching as a profession, and immediately returned to school at Lodi, where Professor ^'ocuin was in charge, and reviewed his former work, besides making a study of the methods of the best teachers, spending the little surplus earned on the railroad. The spring of 1873 found him with a depleted treasury, and back to the railroad he went to recuperate, this time joining the firm of Jjill & Dalton as timekeeper and manager for their contract on the Baltimore it Ohio liailroad. This tirm had the contract to construct the road through Syracuse and vicinity; and at the close of the year Mr. Dolan sought a position as teacher, and was given the Mellinger school, where he taught his first term, which, as he says, was the most memorable four months' work of his life. The neighborhood was known as the " Devil's 36," and the pupils were reportcil to be wild, vicious and uncontrollable: but it was otherwise. He found them kind, docile and big-hearted Hoosiers, who were greatly misunderstood, and cruelly maligned. This was the year in which the law giving the ti'ustee the power to iiii-e tiie teacliers went into etfect, and which marked an era in the history of the public schools of the county. Township institutes were organized, and new life instille<l into them. The people Avere beginning to take an active interest in educational affairs, and the teacher's work was made pleasant by the ardent support given him, and served to strengthen his determination in following the teacher's work, but in the spring of 1874 he returned to complete the railroad work, which was full}' closed and the rails laid by the 1st of October, and having a few weeks before the winter schools began he went East to see his parents and brother and sister, and returned to Syracuse to teach the Mellinger school again. In the spring following the district gave him the three months' appropriation for teaching a sixweeks' term, and he again sought for a fortune on the railroad, but was disappointed, and returned to the school-room, where he has continued till the present, 1886. His talents, success and energy were recognized, and he was made teacher of the intermediate department, under H. 8. Eortna, who retired in the following year, when ]Mr. Dolan was ma<le principal, which jiositioii he has held uninterruptedly ever since. The school under his management has ])rospered until its reputation for thoroughness, efficiency and good discipline is surpassed by none in the county. For a number of years all the schools in the township and many of the adjoining counties have been taught by graduates of the Syracuse school. In connection with the public school a normal term is taught every year, the last term being the largest and most enthusiastic ever held. As an evidence of the appreciation of his labors and the esteem in which he is held by the people and his pupils, tlicy presented him with a fine gold watch and cliain at Ciiristirias, 1885. Mr. Dolan is the son of Patrick and Mary Dulaii, Itutli of whom were born in County Longford, Ireland. His uiotlier died in 1853, and his fatlier on December 7, 1879. Ill 1855 liis father married Mary Cahiil, a former seliool-inate in the old conutry, and their step-mother, whose praises he loves to recite, took the place of his natural maternal guide. She died in 1884, so that now he has remaining but a brother and sister, both of whom reside in Brooklyn. Mr. Dolan was married to Alice 13. Alexander, eldest daughter of John Alexander, November 28, 1880. To them was born, September 1, 1882, a daughter, whom they named Mary Lucille; but the reaper. Death, gathei'ed this, their only flower on the following July. In religion he is a Catholic, while Mrs. Dolan is a Methodist, rolitically he is a Democrat, but has never held any public trust, nor does he seek political honors. Mrs. Alice 15. Dolan is the eldest daughter of John and Lucy Alexander, and was born March 25, 1858, at Goshen, Elkhart County, Indiana, where her parents remained for about a year, when they removed to the farm of "William McVitty, on wiiicli they have remained for ten years. Here her father, through diligent economy and careful management, saved enough as a renter to purchase his home in A^an Buren Township, to which he soon removed, and upon which he has lived ever since. At this home she was reared, under what might be truly termed a pure Puritanical system, such as characterized the early, thrifty and Christian homes of Plymouth. She attended tiie district schools until 1873, when the new Syracuse school was erected, when she became one of its pupils, and after a year's study commenced teaching, when but sixteen years of age. Slie taught her first term in the "Bolivar" district, when the term "Bolivar " had some significance to it. Her first efforts were attended with signal success, but after five years' teaching iier health liecame seriously impaii-ed, and she ceased her laiiors as teacher. As a teacher she became associated early with her husband, and they were married at liei' father's liome November 28, 1880.

fOIIN F. BOCKMAN, a merchant of North Webster, Indiana, was born in ' -i Dul)ois County, Indiana, December 4, 1847. His father was an itinerant ministeiof the Evangelical Association, and frequently changed his locality, traveling in Indiana, Illinois and Ohio. From a young man Mr, Bockman was engaged in farming in this county, at first as a hired hand until married, after which he farmed for himself as a renter al>out three years. In tlie year 1870 he was received into the ministry by the Evangelical Association, of which he had l)een a member f(.ir a number tif years, and licensed to preach as an itinerant preacher. Edgerton, Ohio, was the first place assigned him as a field of labor, thence to Huntington, Indiana, thence to Van Wert, Ohio, and Decatur, Indiana. After the expiration of the conference year at Decatur, local relations were granted him by his Conference. He then moved with his family to South Bend, Indiana, soon after wliich lie remo\ed to North Webster, where, after a short time, he was again induced to re-enter the itineracy. New Paris circuit was assigned him as a field (if labor, and from there he was appointed to Mishawaka, Indiana, where he served one and a half years as pastor. Again locating and removing to North Webster, he has engaged in the general mercantile business ever since. He was educated in the common schools of this State. His fathei', William Bockman, entered the ministry as an itinerant, in the year 1853, at Hunting- burgli, Diiliois County, tliis State, and preached abtnit twenty-tive years, after wliicli lie located and moved on a farm M'liicli he had bought near Syracuse, Indiana, llis health soon began failing and also his wife's. Both are lis'ing with their son ,Tohn at North Webster, old and helpless, and a daily care of aged, iniirin helplessness. Our subject was married August 15, 1867, to Miss Matilda Kline, daughter of Jlenry and Christina Kline, the former having died in January, 1880; the latter is yet living at North Webster. They were among the oldest settlers of Kosciusko County. Mr. and TMrs. Bockman are the parents of four chileren - William Henry, Laura Ella, John Calvin and Bertha May. One child died at birth. Mr. Bockman has served as township trustee of Tippacanoe Township two years, and as postmaster seven years, when the administration changed and banged him out. Politically he is a Republican. Himself, M'ife and children are members ol' the E\an"'elieal ohureh.

,(<^^E()R(tE FESLEIi, a prominent farinei- Jill jj- and stock-raiser of Kosciusko County, is a native of Pennsylvania, born in Cumberland County Eebruary 2, ISK!, his parents, ,Iolin and Tiebecca (Rule) Fesler, being natives of the same State, and of German origin. When about a year old he was taken by his parents to Seneca County, New York, they locating on Cayuga Lake, where they lived till our subject had reached his eleventh year. They then removed with their family to Seneca County, Ohio, returning to New York (Hie year later, when they settled in Erie County, on Eleven Mile Creek, the father dying in I'h'ie Comity when our subject was in his thirteenth yt'ar. .\ I'ter the father's death the motlicr, with lici- family of six children, returned to Seneca County, Ohio, and shortly after removed to Norwalk, Huron County, ()hio, where George was apprenticed to learn the carpenter's trade, and for many years he followed that avocation. He was first married, in Ohio, to Matilda Thorn, by whom he had four children - Sarah J., Abi'aliam, Nancy A. and Rebecca, all of whom are deceased. h\ 1843 Mr. Fesler settled with his family in AVhitley County, Indiana, remaining there till the fall of 1855. He then went to Minnesota, residing there some three years, and in the fall of 1858 he settled in Clay Township, Kosciusko County, Indiana, l)eing among the pioneers of the county, and many were the hardships and privations he experienced in his pioneer home. His iirst wife died about eight years after marriage, and he was again married, to ()rilla Keeny, daughter t)f Rufus D. Keeny, who was formerly of ()hio, but at the time of her marriage lived in Noble County, Iiuliana. To this union were born four children - Elsie, wife of Stephen Shaw, of Kansas; John W., living in Marshall County, Indiana; Josephine, wife of John Kimmel, of DeKalb County, Indiana, and George, living in Kosciusko County. In the fall of tlie same year of his retui-n to Indiana (1858) he was again called to mourn the death of liis faithful wife, who fell a victim to typhoid fever, the then prevailing disease of the country. Mr. Fesler was a third time married, taking for his present wife Sarah Wyant, who was born in Champaign County, Ohio, in 1840, coming with her parents, Daniel and Ann Wyant, to Kosciusko County, Indiana, in 1852, wlierc^ she has since lived. Five children have been born to this union - Mary, wife of .lohii Dunn, of -Lisjier County, Indiana; Pelle, wife of Charles Garrett; Charles, Alice and Carrie, the last thi'ce living at home with theii- ]);irents. In tlir wilds of Whitley

County, with his young family to provide for, he began his first real life's work, clearing off the heavy forests, helping to raise the log cabins of his neighbors, and working at his trade, when work was to be had, in both Whitley and Kosciusko counties. The first good frame house in Washington Township lie built for John Makemson, an old pioneer and his life-long friend. Here, while struggling against poverty and afHiction, was formed the great desire of his life: to obtain an education and join the active itineracy of t!ie Methodist Episcopal church. But in this fate seemed to have reserved for his hands other work. Licensed first as an exhorter, and then as a local preacher, he gave both of his time and means the best that he could to the sujiport of the gospel, and, more than all, the record of an earnest Christian life and an uprigiit manhood. Jle still lives, at the ripe age of seventy-one years, on a goodly heritage, the work of liis own hands, surrounded by neighbors and friends whose confidence and esteem pay just tribute to his merit, and whose cliildren will always say witli pride, mv father was (^eorcre Fesler.

WILLIAM II. IIOPJCK was born in Ohio, March 1, 1840, on the old > 1 ' Wyandot Indian reservation. His parents were Jolin and Mary (Grimes) Ilorick, the former of whom is deceased. When four years of age he removed with his parents to Wyandot County, just across the line, wiiere he was reared to manhood. His father was a native of Pennsylvania and of (German descent. His mother was of Scotch- Irish descent. They were the parents of seven children, five of wliom are living - Washington, living in Wyandot County, Ohio; Harriet, wife of George Sigler, of

Crawford County, Ohio; James, residing in Wayne Township; Stephen and William II. Jefferson and Nancy are deceased. In 1865 the family came to Kosciusko County, and settled upon what is now known as the Ilorick homestead, on section 19, where the father died in October, 1884. His widow resides on the home farm. He had served in various township offices in Ohio, and was a man very much respected. Political!}- he was formerly a Whig, and latterly a Republican. Our subject was educated in tlie common schools, and after Fort Sumter was fired upon, April 19, 1861, he enlisted in Company I, Fifteenth Ohio Infantry, for three inontlis, serving in West Virginia, under General McClellan. He participated in several snuill liattles and skirmishes, and was discharged the following August. In November, 1863, he was sworn in as fusilier, his main duties being to repair bridges and roads, in which lie was engaged six months. He then came home and remained three days, when he again re-enlisted May 2, 1864, in Company H, One Hundred and Fortyfourth Ohio Infantry, and served in the Army of the East. He fought at Monocacy Junction and Perryville, having been engaged with Mosby, Tinder General Wallace. He was finally discharged Septemlier 1, 1864. He then returned to Ohio, and the following year came to this county. Fel)- ruary 5, 1865, he was married in Oliio to Margaret Start, of Wyandot County. Two of their tliree children are living - Ambrose L. and Orvilla. He settled upon his present farm in the spring of 1867, where he has since resided. He owns sixty-three acres of well-improved land. He is a Free Thiidcer in religion, and a Ilepublican in politics. In 1886 he was elected trustee of Wayne Township, and two years previous had served as assessor. In 1882 he was elected

/IP^iLARENCE E. DOANE, dealer in real estate and receiver for the IMentone 'W[ Machine & Novelty Works, is a native of Columbia County, Pennsylvania, born in JJloonisburg in 1847, a son of Norman E. and Rebecca (Bitters) Doaiie, both natives of the same county and State. The parents left their native State and settled in Three Rivers, ]\[ichigan, in 1849. - In August, 1S51, they removed to Mishawaka, Indiana. They resided in different places in Iowa, Wisconsin, Missouri, Illinois and again in Indiana, and in 1809 settled at Cromwell, Noble County, where the father died in 1874. The mother is still living, making her home in the village of Mentone, Kosciusko County. Four children were born to them - Clarence E., our subject, who is one of the oldest Itusiness men of Mentone, James W., Fanny L. and Harry C. Clarence E. Doaiie received his primary education at Mishawaka, Indiana, and in 18G2 graduated from F'ort Wayne Commercial College. He enlisted at the lirst call for troops in Company A, Second Illinois Infantry, under the command of General Prentice, and with his company he participated in tlie engagements at Springtield, AVilson's Creek and Lexington, Missouri. At Lexington his regiment was captured by Price's men, but owing to tlie difficulty of sending prisoners South they were parolled for one year and sent home. During the interval between his discharge and re-enlistment Mr. Doane served an apprenticeship at the carriage-ironing ti'ade at Fort Wayne, Indiana. Ill August. 18(')4. he enlisted in Company E,