Anderson Township (part 1 of 3)

To Sleep And Causes Adjournment Of Council

REPORTS OF OFFICERS - CLAIMS FILED - RETRENCHMENT OF THE ORDER OF THE DAY - COUNCILMEN DOXEY, HUNT AND BURR OFFR THEIR SERVICES TO THE CITY FREE - WAGONER SAYS " NAY " - REPORTER GOES TO SLEEP AND CAUSES ADJOURNMENT OF COUNCIL.

Our city fathers congregated at the Council Chamber, at tlie usual hour, on Monday evening, for the transaction of regular business All the officers and members were present.

New Claims Filed And Referred

As all the above claims were certified to by Patrick Ryan, First Ward Supervisor, Dr. Burr expressed the opinion that the time had come for the Council to inquire into the power of the Supervisor to employ men to work upon the street. He understood that they only had authority to work out the two days' privilege, and beyond that they could not go without transcending the limitations imposed upon their offices. Bills are continually being presented to the Council which he believed were not right. Every claim should be carefully scrutinized before it is allowed.

Mr. Wagoner said that as these bills were for work performed some time ago, they should have been presented earlier. It was always more difficult to get reliable information in regard to the justness of an account after it had run three or four months.

As the last bill was read, Mr. Doxey sprang to his feet and suggested that if anybody else owed anybody anything, it would be proper for that anybody to bring in a claim against the city for the amount of the debt. He insisted, with a good deal of earnestness, that too many accounts were being brought in, and mildly hinted that there was a disposition on the part of certain individuals to organize a corner on city orders. He was in favor of the immediate suspension of all street work, the sale of the hook and ladder apparatus, and that Coiyicilmen should give their services for half pay or gratuitiously. If we kept on at the present rate the City Treasury would soon become bankrupt, and the city would be compelled to put her bonds on the market at seventy-five per cent, discount.

Marshal Stone explained that the work being done under his supervision was ordered by the Council, and that it was being done as cheaply as it could be. It was ail necessary work.

Dr. Burr said that the Claims Committee were a little relax in examining the bills referred to them. He accepted Doxey's pi'oposition to work without pay.

Dr. Hunt was willing to work for nothing, but he wished it distinctly understood that the plan was not accepted by him as an electioneering scheme.

Mr. Wagoner said that he was decidedly opposed to giving his services free. The city was able to pay its officers a reasonable compensation for their services. He would not examine the claims that came before the Council each evening for less than $2.

ilayor Pi,oach informed the Council that the fees of officers were not impoverishing the Treasury. It was the multitude of little claims for work that were coming in. All unnecessary work should cease. He had recommended economy from his first introduction into office, but his advice had not been heeded. Men were at work now upon the streets, when, from the condition of the weather, they could not put in full time.

Stone said that he would pay for the work done under his supervision if not satisfactory to the Council, all of which the Mayor, remarked was simply " bunkem," whatever that is.

Further discussion was had, during which the reporter was charmed to sleep by the eloquence of the speakers, whereupon Major Doxey moved that the Council adjourn, which was carried.

Sketch Of Alexandria

This town is situated a little to the east of the center of Monroe township and eleven miles north of Anderson. Whether it derived its name from the man who, it is said, wept because there were no more kingdoms to conquer, or from the ancient city of that name, we are not advised ; be this as it may, we have a modern Alexandria. Though it may not compare with the ancient Alexandria, it is, nevertheless, a handsome and thriving little town. The site was well chosen, on an elevated piece of ground, on the north side of Pipe creek, and on the land originally belonging to Connor and Stephenson. It was laid out in the year 1835. Anions: its first citizens we find the names of David Pickard, N. Berry, Mr. Stephenson and Joseph Finnemore. The first physicians were W. F. Spence and David Perry. The first hotel was kept by David Piekard, The first tanyard was started by Aaron Williams. From the Indiana Manual of 1846 we ffain the followinsj information : The merchants were Cottingham & Son ; the physicians were W. F. Spence, David Perry and Cyrus Westerfield ; the attorney at law, P. H. Lemon ; the postmaster, N. E. Tomlinson. Among the principal business firms of the present are : Merchants, N. E. Tomlinson and S. B. Hinshaw. Druggists, E. H. Menefee and D. K. Carver & Co. Shoemakers, Nathan O'Brian and John Silcott. Hardware merchant, W. G. Kelly. Grocer, Gideon Keiper. Grocer and baker, R. Zimmerman. Harness maker, A. Birtche. Blacksmiths, Finch & O'Kain, Finch & Fritz, and J. L. Humes. Wagon maker, Thomas Shepherd. Furniture dealer, J. P. Condo. Carpenters, Perry & Painter. Phy- sicians, J. E. Inlow, Brakston Baker, Wayne McMahan, John Sullivan and C. H. CuUum. Attorneys at law Charles Nation and Floyd S. Ellison. Millers, John E. Young & Co. Proprietors of the planing mill, Perry & Painter. Tanner, Frank Sparks, Alexandria contains an excellent brick M. E. Church, Masonic and Odd Fellows lodges, a splendid grist mill, some of the finest business houses in the county, and sev^eral handsome residences. It is the third town in importance in the county and contains a population of six hundred. It is on the line of the Lafayette & Muncie railroad, and when this read is completed Alexandria will become a town of no small importance. The proposed railroad from White Pigeon, Mich., to Anderson will doubtless pass through this town. Alexandria has an extensive trade, amounting in the aggregate to $300,000 ; and, on the completion of the above roads, its trade will be thribbled.

The town of Alfont was named after William Alfont, an old settler in this county. Although the town is older than the railroad on which it is situated, its history may properly be dated at that period, which was in 1851, the railway serving as a stimulus to this town, which was heretofore of but little importance. This town is situated on the south bank of Lick creek, near the Hancock county line, six miles south of Pendleton. For the first few years, after the introduction of the railroad, considerable business was done here, a warehouse established, a large amount of wheat was bought and shipped, the trains nearly all stopped, and for a time bid fair for a town of some importance. Fortville, however, springing up, took the lead in trade and injured the future prospects of this town materially. We find among the first settlers here William Alfont, C. P.

Miller, William Snodgrass and Nathaniel Blackburn. The first merchant was William Molden, who was also the first postmaster. The first blacksmiths were John Eoss and William Coterell. The first shoemaker was Mr. Lyman. The present postmaster is Joseph Cohen, who keeps the only store in town. He also acts as railroad agent. The first railroad agent was William Molden. The present blacksmith is C. V. Hardin ; present wagon maker, Thomas Hall. A small water saw mill was erected here in 1835 by William Alfont. It was consumed by fire in 1847. After the railroad was constructed a steam saw mill was built, served its day of asefulness, and is now reckoned among the things of the past. Lick creek is here spanned by one of the finest railroad bridge.'j in the county. It is two hundred leet in length and thirty feet in hight from low water mark. From this place the creek flows west and empties into Fall creek near the Hamilton county line.

Anderson Crossing

This point, from its remoteness from Anderson, is deemed of sufficient importance to form a separate and special notice. Its existence might properly date from the introduction of the Cincinnati & Chicago Railway, when houses sprang up and real estate in the vicinity commanded high prices. In the year 18G4 the highest point was reached, when the Bellefontaine Railroad Company built both a passenger and a freight depot. All trains on both roads stopped here, and the place assumed quite a business appearance. Grain depots were built, a hotel and eating houses, and, it was said, if a person watched their chance, they could get something to drink. But everything must have its day, and the crossing is a thing of the past, as far as business is concerned. The hotel was burned in 18G6, and the Noland warehouse met a like fate soon after. The

Bellefontaine Railway Company transferred its business to the new buildings, three-fourths of a mile west and immediately south of the city. The steam saw mill, erected in 1864 and lately converted into a heading factory, and owned by J. S. Isley & Co., was consumed by fire in July, 1874. Thus stripped of all its advantages, the crossing is left to reflect on its past prosperity. Possibly there may be a bright future for the Crossing, on the completion of the Anderson & St. Louis Railway.

Sketch Of Chesterfield

This town is among the oldest in the county, dating back to about the year 1827. Those who first located in the immediate vicinity were Allen Makepeace, William Diltz and Bronnenberg and Daniel Noland. Chesterfield at one time was prosperous and bid fair to rival Anderson. It had an extensive trade and was a place of considerable importance. It has, however, lost its prestige, and many of its houses are untenantable. It now has a new eliurch and a new brick dwelling, just completed by Quiney Makepeace, which is one of the finest residences in the township. It also contains the residence of the late Allen Makepeace, whose widow still resides here. Its principal merchants have been Allen and George Makepeace, Jacob Shiraer, J. M. Diltz, Carter & Bro., and Trueblood & Dusang. Its princi2)al physicians have been Drs. Goodwin, Benninggall, William Cornelius, L. Killgore and William H. Pratt. The first postmaster was Amasa Makepeace. The present one is W. T. Trueblood. Chesterfield also contains a Masonic lodge and a school house. On the south side of the town is the Bellefontaine Railroad, where we find a neat depot, warehouse and steam flouring mill. The site of Chesterfield is beautiful. It is on the south bank of White river, in Union township, near the Delaware county line. Its inhabitants number near two hundred.

Sketch Of Elwood

This town is on the Cincinnati & Chicago Railroad, fifteen miles northwest of Anderson, in the northwest corner of Pipe Creek township and on the south bank of Duck creek. The town was formerly called Quincy, but changed about 1870 on account of another town of the same name in the State, which caused some confusion among postmasters. It is a comparatively a new place, but a town, however, of considerable business. A large amount of lumber and heading and stave material is shipped from this place. It contains an M. E. and a Christian church, a brick school house, a railroad depot, a good hotel, a livery stable, a tanyard, a flouring mill, and several neat and tasteful private residences. Among the business firms are Burriss & Quick, J. M. Deherty & Son, H. C. Calahan, R. Free, and A. Chanless & Dwigins. The druggists are F. M. Hunter, J. F. Mock & Hunter and Waymire. The harness makers, T. Samuels & Bro. Shoemakers, James Pearson, William Hopenrath and John Buchanan. Wagon makers, J. M. Overshiner & Co. Blacksmiths, George Barns & Son, and James Hannah. Lumber dealer. Justice Creamer. Sawyers, Cochran & Sons. Miller, J. T. Adair. Postmaster, F. M. Hunter. Railroad agent, Perry A. Taylor. Elwood contains a population of four hundred.

Sketch Op Frankton

This town is situated on the Cincinnati & Chicago Railroad, nine miles from Anderson, in Pipe Creek township, and on the south bank of Pipe creek. It was laid out in 1837 and contains a population of near five hundred. It is rather a neat town and the streets and sidewalks are well graveled. It contains two good churches, Methodist and Chris- tian, and a two story brick school house, also Masonic and and Odd Fellow halls, a steam grist mill and saw mill, and many tasteful residences. The principal business firms are C. Quick & Co., H. C. Brown, Bennett & Bro. and John Hannah. The druggists are Richwine & Kimberling and Van Winkle & Layne. The hardware merchant, Mr. Coffmau. Harness maker, S. B. Edsou. Shoemakers, Cramer & Mayes and J. H. Van Valkenburgh. Blacksmiths, B. F. Davis and Cluckner & Spenser. Wagon maker, G. B. Hartley. Carriage maker, B. F. Davis. Physicians, Wm. Suman, Robert Harvey, W. M. Sharp, S. W. Edwins and John Canada. Postmaster, C. A. Star. Railroad agent, Mr. Johnson. Miller, John Townson. Sawyer, W. H. Cochran. Frankton is the fourth town in importance in the county. Its citizens are wide awake clever people. The business house of C. Quick & Co. is worthy of special notice. It is ninety feet in length and has but few superiors in the county. The names of this enterprising firm are C. Quick, W. H. Quick and John Sharp.

Sketch Of Fishersburg

This town is situated in the western part of Stoney Creek township, near the Hamilton county line. It was laid out about the year 1830, and was named in honor of the elder Fisher, father of Charles Fisher. It is ten miles west of Anderson and seven miles northwest of Pendleton. The town is pleasantly situated on a hill on the northwest bank of Stoney creek. It contains a commodious M. E. church and a briv.k school house just erected. Its merchants and mechanics are as follows : George Dunham, dry goods and general assortment store ; Lewis Elston, groceries ; Daniel Barnhiscr and Oren Elston, blacksmiths; Clinton Welch, wagon maker. The following are the physicians : Daniel Cook, Hiram Fisher, J. W. Hillegoss and J. M. Fisher.

The postmaster is George Dunham. This town contains a large business house with two rooms below and a hall above now used as a Grange lodge. This building was erected by Daniel Cook in 1868. The town also contains the parsonage of the Fishersburg circuit. The Fishersburg folks are noted for their church going antecedents, and if they are not moral it is not for the want of admonition.

Florida Station

This station is in Lafayette township, on the Cincinnati & Chicago Railroad, six miles from Anderson and four from Frankton, and is within a few rods of the geographical center of the county. It was originally called Clark's Station in honor of T. G. Clark, who lives here. The first merchant here was Henry Hendrick, and the present merchant is Enos Mustard. The first postmaster was George Craighead; the present one Enos Mustard. The first physician was Thomas B. Fortner; the present one is J. S. Guysinger. There is a steam saw mill here owned by Vanwinkle & Co. Florida also contains a neat M. E. Church, of which an account will be given in another part of the book. Nearly all the trains stop here, and they have a daily mail, v/hich is of no little importance. The first warehouse was kept by James Vanwinkle. The blacksmiths have been Isham Webb, B. F. Davis and Mr. Coffman. Florida Station, notwithstanding its central position in the county and its railroad facilities, is not a town of much importance; neither does its future look encouraging on account of its nearness to Anderson, which must always affect materially its trade. Just north is the Center, or Keller School House, which is the precinct of the township.

Sketches Of Huntsville

This town is situated on Fall creek, one mile northeast of Pendleton and seven miles southwest of Anderson. Amonothose who first settled here were John Montgomery, John Jones, Enos Adarason, William Hunt, the latter from whom the town derived its name, Dr. McCain and William Wright. Coming soon after, about the year 1834, were Thomas and J. T. Swain, Abel Johnson, Benjamin Snodgrass and B. F. Gregory. Its principal merchants have been Dr. McCain, Benjamin Snodgrass, Simeon Lewis, W^illiam Johnson, John Tillson, Benjamin Lukens, Nathan Wilson, Warren Campbell and Horace Lewis. The first physician was Dr. McCain. The first school teachers were William Curtis and Alfred Killgore. The first hotel was kept by Mr. Antrim. The first postmaster was David P. Hazleton. The postoffice was afterwards kept by J. W. Roberts for a period of sixteen years, who was said to be one of the best postmasters that was ever in the county. Its principal mechanics have been : Carpenters, J. T. Swain, B. F. Gregory, P. K. Maul and John Cook. Tanners, Wm. Wright, Horine & Mullendore, A. K. Eockenfield, Frank AVright, George Harden and Miles Rozell. Its blacksmiths have been Z. Rogers, J. W. Wirts, Ezra Grain, Charles Harden and Mr. McVaw. Its physicians have been Dr. McCain, John Hunt and Joseph Weeks, W. P. Brickley, E. C Prigg, Dr. Davidson and Walter H. Lewis. The shoemakers have been J. W. Roberts, Jacob Wirtz, E. G. Mostler and Andrew Welch. Its wagon makers have been Philip and John Harden, JWilliam Smith, A. R. Dalong, Benjamin Cockayne and Lineberry & Bro. Huntsville at one time was a flourishing village, but on the completion of the Bellefontaine Railroad through Pendleton its trade has gradually decreased. It is pleasantly located on the north bank of Fall creek and contains about two hundred inhabitance. There is here an excellent saw mill and grist mill, spoken of in another place. The mercantile business of Huntsville is now conducted in one room under the management of Horace Lewis. The school house in Huntsville is a two story frame building, built in 1872 by J. B. Lewis, who was Trustee at the time. Huntsville is a quiet village, not contaminated with the wickedness that attaches to more ])retentious cities.

Sketch Of Hamilton

This town is situated six miles west of Anderson, on the Strawtown road and on the south bank of White river, and in the southeast corner of Jackson township. It was laid out in 1838, by Henry Devlin, of Milton, Ind. The first merchant was ^yilliam King; the first doctor, William Godell; the first blacksmith, John Ashby ; the first shoemaker, Lewis Snell ; the first school teacher, J. M. Garrettson, now of Perkinsville. The present postmaster is G. C. ^loore. This town is one of the precincts of Jackson township, and contains a population of seventy-eight. It is located in one of the very best parts of the county. Large and beautiful farms extend up and down White river. Near it on the east side is the saw mill of P. Epperly, and on the south is an extensive tile factory. Adjoining the town on the northeast is the finest grove in the county. I am indebted to Marion Davis for the above information.

This town was first laid out by John Markle, from whom it derived its name, in 1852. The town is situated on the Pendleton and Newcastle turnpike, seven miles east of Pendleton and fourteen west of Newcastle, two miles from the

Henry county line and eleven and a half miles southeast of Anderson. Its merchants have been Newton Busby, E. B. Garrison, Halph AYilliams, David Johnson, J, AY. Shimer H. H. Markle, John W. Blake, G. W. Stevenson, h! Coon, Sebrell & Blake, and Hardy & Lewis, who are now in business here. The last firm spoken of has, perhaps, done the largest amount of business of any mentioned having in 1873 sold goods to the amount of |30,000. Thev have just completed a large store room, twenty-four by seventy feet, finished in good style.

We find the physicians who have practiced here to be Daniel Cook, William Hendricks, William Swain, Dr. AVear, William Harter, Jacob Harter, John Windell, J. C. Smith, B. L. Fussell. The postmasters have been John Markle, Samuel Harden, William Swain, Duvid Johnson. S. F. Hardy is the present postmaster. The blacksmiths are James Fulton, B. Fort, David Judd, Shoemakers, Ed. Poor, Oliver Alice, Elijah Wright, Frederick Heater and William A. Lynch. Harness maker, Samuel Harden. Wagon makers, Robert Markle, John Gipe, Albert Cochran. The town contains about one hundred inhabitants, a neat frame church, brick school house, two physicians, two blacksmith shops, one shoe shop, one store, one circle saw mill, two millinery establishments and post office. There is in connection with the above mentioned saw mill a shingle factory.

The above town was laid out in the year 1834. Its location is on the south bank of Fall creek, six miles south of Anderson, and near the east line of Adams township. Its site is on a hill, some thirty feet above low water mark. Among the first settlers, we find Hiram Birch, William Miller, Henry Armstrong, J. M. Zeak, and Dr. Horn. The first merchants were Hiram Birch and William Miller, followed a few years later by J. M. McClanaham. The first })hysician was Dr. Horn. The following physicians have practiced there, in the order named : Drs. Parry, Smiley, Hildretli, Joel Pratt. W. B. Cooper, W. B. Bair, Samuel Troy, S. W. Edwins, D. H. Rider, and D. H. Myers. The last two named are now practicing there. Its postmasters have been William Miller, James Peden, Joseph Peden, Hiram Peden, G. W. Hodson, i*foah Trayer, and Levi Patterson. The present merchant is Mr. Branson. The blacksmiths are William Rumler and John Woods. The carpenters are Levi Patterson and McDonald Purdue. Columbus contains a Masonic hall, a Lutheran Church, and a brick school house. Formerly it was a place of considerable trade, but of late the trade is principally done at Anderson. The society here in early days was nothing to brag on, as regards morals. Whisky was sold here in abundance, and it was the scene of many rough-and-tumble fights. Election day was looked forward to as a big time, when sundry disputes were to be settled. This day, however, we ai'e glad to say, is passed away. Its citizens will compare iavorably with any other town in the county ; the elections ])ass off quietly ; there is no more fighting in the streets, and the church bell summons, on every Sabbath morning, the children to the Sabbath school.

This is a spiall place, situated in the northwest corner of Monroe township, and five miles northwest of Alexandria. It was laid out in the year 1855. Its site is on a level })lain. Its prospect for any considerable growth is not very ilattering. The first merchant was E. M. Trowbridge; the first physician. Dr. Eppard ; first postmater, E. M. Trowbridge; first blacksmith, David Perry ; first wagon-maker.

John Raines, and first shoe-maker, Abslom Webb. The ])resent merchant is Elijah Eing, who, also keej)s the postoffice. The present pliysician is Dr. C. Free. There was formerly a steam saw mill, but it is not now in operation. One mile north, is the Christian Church, spoken of in another place. Osceola contains an excellent frame school house, with two departments, well arranged, and supplied with ample blackboards. It was built under the supervision of David M. Scott, who was then trustee, and cost $2,000. Adjoining town, on the west, James Gordon is building one of the finest barns in the county. What Osceola derived its name from, the author is unable to say, unless it was from the famous Indian chief of that name.

Sketch Of Pendleton

This town is situated in Fall Creek township, on the south side of the creek of the same name, and on the Bellefontaine Railroad, seven miles southwest of Anderson. It is the second place of importance, and contains about eight luindred inhabitants. It derived its name from Thomas Pendleton, who was one of the early settlers of the township. Among its first merchants were Lewis Bordwell, James Gray, William Silver, and Palmer Patrick. The first physicians were Lewis Bordwell, John and Corydon Richmond, John H. and Ward Cook, and T. N. Jones. Among the first postmasters were Lewis Bordwell and James L. Bell. Among the first ministers, were Janes Reader, Edwin Ray, and Nathaniel Richmond. Although Pendleton is one of the oldest towns in the county, it never assumed much importance until the completion of the Bellefontaine Railroad, in 1851. Since which time its business has gradually increased, until it now annually amounts to near §400,000. Its railroad facilities, its excellent water power, and the highly cultivated country which surrounds it, will

Exports From Pendleton Table Of Expokts For Bine Months, Ending June 30

Among the counties of Eastern Indiana, there have none made sucli astonishing progress in improvement, either socially, materially, or in education, than Madison county. Situated in a central location, surrounded by other counties, unsurpassed in the State for fertility of soil, and facility for cultivation, for many years she lay without any notaable effort being made to render her productive, or place her in competition with her neighbors. An old county, she is yet a young county so far as determined effort at improvement is concerned. But however slow she has been in taking up the implements of reform and advancement, she has not been slothful in making good use of her resources since the need of it became apparent. The wonderful prductiveness of her soil, the mild and equable temperature of the climate, combined with the stirring energy of her citizens, have within a short time placed her in advance of most of the counties of the State, and unsurpassed by none. With a view to showing something of the advancement which has been attained, together with the resources of the county, we have prepared a statement of the amount of different kinds of farm products which were raised and husbanded within the county during 1873, as returned by the Assessor, and endorsed by the Board of Equalization.

In 1873 there were produced in Madison county, 500 bushels of lime, 445,733 bushels of wheat, 1,503,958 bushels of corn, 13,744 bushels of rye, 70,832 bushels of oats, 9,125 bushels of barley, 952 bushels of clover and grass seeds, 12,310 bushels of flax seed, 24,585 bushels of fruit, 3,914 tons of hay, 4 tons of hemp. These several articles were produced from 39,274 acres of Avheat land, 62,753 acres of corn land, 5,573 acres of oat land, 12,695 acres of meadow land, 57,667 acres of wood land, or a total of 169,- 631 acres under cultivation.

Besides these there were produced 488,149 pounds of bacon, 118,123 pounds bulk pork, 144,727 pounds of lard, 27,790 pounds of wool, 11,160 pounds of tobacco, 1,751 pounds of maple sugar, 23 barrels of pork, 25,964 gallons of cider, 9,837 gallons of vinegar, 60 gallons of wine, 3,826 gal.ons of sorghum molasses, 938 gallons of maple molasses.

The number of live stock in the county has increased very materially within the last few years, and the standard of (juality has been raised in like proportion. Much attention has been given of late years to the importation and breeding of the best stocks of cattle, horses, sheep and swine, and many of our farmers boast as fine herds and flocks as roam the fields of England or the Eastern States. The assessment rolls give the following figures for live stock : Xumber of horses, 7,586, mules 855, cattle 18,073, sheep 16,000, hogs 68,455. Among the cattle thorough-breds of Durham and other short horns are becoming popular, of sheap Cottswold, South-down and Liecester, of swine Chester White, Berkshire and Poland China decidedly predominate. Many of our farmers have stocked their farms direct from Pennsylvania, imported animals.

Much attention has been devoted of late years to the subject of draining, and the enactment of the ditch law by the Legislature a few years ago, (to whom the county is largely indebted to our distinguished fellow citizen, Judge Harvey Craven,) many valuable acres have been added to the fertile tillable land of Madison. The fact is, though a number of tile factories exist in various parts of the county, all of whom are doing a heavy business, the supply this spring was wholly inadequate to the demand. Besides the ordinary drains extending through farms, there are in many localities large open ditches controlled by corjjorate bodies, created under legislative provisions. We regret that we have no date at hand showing the amount of lumber annually produced, used and exported from the county, but from the amount of clearing of lands, and the excellent quality of the timber, it must be immense. From the shipping point of Pendleton, alone, the number of cars loaded entirely with lumber, during the nine months closing on June 30th, 1874, were one hundred and eighteen. At the same ratio the yearly exportation would exceed 150 cars, and this, outside of the home consumption, which for the past year must also have been quite a considerable item.

Among some of the articles in use in the county which would seem to indicate a highly cultivated state of society, might be mentioned, 160 pianos, 90 melodeons, and 125 organs, while 1,944 sewing or knitting machines distinguish us from barbarians.

In summing up the miscellaneous statistics, then, we should say the populatian in 1870 was 22,770, the number of polls 3,748, the value of lands $6,868,346, average value per acre |24.22, being an increase of six per cent, within ten years. The value of improvements in the county in ten years has been $1,750,153, and the total value of taxables in her borders aggregates 1 11,830,103. The number of miles of railroad track in the county is 58, with a valuation of railroad property aggregating |643,625.

In point of intelligence and education, Madison county ranks equal to any in the State. Her school system is excellent, and the corps of officers and teachers are admirable. The school property of the county forms a very considerable exhibition of the prosperity of the county. According to the statement of the County Superintendent the number of children over the age of six years, who can not read, does not exceed one thousand.

In religious training and moral character our citizens are far above the average, and the numerous church organizations scattered over the county speak volumes in corroboration of the statement. The Sunday school work is under the control of the best men in the county, and has already been productive of much good.

These straggling and disconnected statistics will serve to .show, in a few particulars, that in the great march of matter and of mind Madison county has nobly done her part, and displayed an earnestness of purpose and an energy of action which rivals any of her contemporaries.

I^eaving the county, and confining our remarks to the southern part of the same, we have still more flattering evidences of a high condition of civiliwition and niaterifil prosperity.

South ]\Iadison county i^the garden spot of Indiana. In no other region does the t^oil furnish sustenance to more bountiful vegetation, in no other place is the average yield of cereal crops greater, in no other place does the stock bear more marked evidences of care and attention, or such a thorough breeding, in no other place do the fanns show a higher state of cultivation, or thrift and prosperity become more fully personified. And last, but not least, there is scarcely another town in the State which - in proportion to its size - possesses a larger import and exjx>rt business than is done in Pendleton, the metropolis of South Madison county.

Located in the valley of Fall creek - a valley unsurpassed in richness - surrounded by a fertile country that knows no bounds to productiveness ; the habitation of a wealthy, generous, prosperous and high-toned population - mostly from the Eastern aud Middle States - Pendleton occupies a proud and enviable position among the corporations of Indiana, and is entitled to the consideration of capital and labor seeking a location.

The limits of the trade of Pendleton extend over considerable portions of Madison, Hancock, Henry, Hush and Hamilton counties, and Indainapoiis, even, has been compelled to recognize its merits as a trading post - as evidenced by the numerous agencies from the Capital City now established here. Our stores compete with those of Indiana})olis in prices, and our mechanics enjoy an uninterrupted monopoly, broken only by competition among themselves. Pendleton's manuiactories - planing, saw aud flouring mills, flax, barrel and furniture factories, hay, stock, grain and produce markets, shipping and commission houses, her schools and churches, her magnificent residences and commodious business blocks; and above all, and beyond all, the-

Through the kindly favor of Mr. J. 11. Page, agent ot the Bee Line Railroad Company, we are enabled to present some statistics in support of the claims above set forth. These figures, in part, show the amount of the export trade of Pendleton during the nine months immediately preceding June 30th, 1874. It will be observed, however, that this list only includes the full cars of the articles mentioned, and has no reference to the mixed freight wherein more than one class of articles were shipped in a car. The report shows a considerable increase over the corresponding months of 1872-3, and is a most flattering exhibit of our manufacturing and industrial enterprise: Lumber, sixty-six car loads; saw logs, twenty- four car loads; heading and .stave bolts, twenty-eight car loads; stone bowlders, thirtysix car loads ; building stone, seven car loads ; draining tile, live car loads; flax tow, twelve car loads; hay, twenty-two car loads; grain, one hundred and five car loads; flour, nineteen car loads ; cattle, twenty-seven car loads ; sheep, two car loads; hogs, one hundred and thirty-three car loads ; wool, three car loads ; making a total of four hundred and eighty-nine car loads within nine months. Making an estimate from this for the remaining three months we would have a yearly export trade by this one line, of more than six hundred full car loads. No town in the State, of twice its size, can make a better exhibit.

Sketch Of Perkinsville

This town derived its name from William Perkins, who came to the county in 1825. The site of the town is good, being on the north bank of White river, near the Ham iltou county line. The population in 1850 was one hundred and fifteeu, and in 1860, three hundred and fifteen, and in 1870, three hundred and eighty-five. It is one of the oldest settled places in tlie county. It now contains an excellent school house, churches, mills, stores and manufactories. The following are among its merchants and mechanics : T. L. Beck with, Warren Cole, A. J. Applegate and Luther Lee, merchants; Fisher Bonner, wagon-maker; Moses Jenner, harnessmaker ; Gideon Richwine, J. W. Etsler, A. F. Armstrong, and Samuel Sinkle, shoemakers ; Samuel Garrison, gunsmith, and Christopher Hemm, cabinet makers. Its physicians are C. N. Branch, J. M. Garretson, J. S. Houghraan, and Charles Diven. Among its first merchants were T. L. Beckwith, and Hedrick & Bristol. The first physicians were Dr. Douglass, T. L. Carr, Dr. Clark, and Thos. Cook. Its first and only postmaster is T. L. Beckwith. There are also Masonic and Odd Fellows lodges at this place, a separate account of which will be given in another part of this work ; also, of its churches and mills. There is at this writing, 1874, a bridge being erected over White river, on the county line, just at the western part of the village, the expense of which is to be borne equally by the two counties. The work is being superintended by T. L. Beckwith.

This town is located in Van Buren township. It was laid out in the year 1868. The first merchant was Henry Roby, who continued in business four months. He was succeeded by Aquilla Moore, who is at present one of the merchants. A. M. Williams commenced business in 1872. Both keep general assortment stores. The first postmaster was John Kelsey, the present one is Aquilla Moore. J. D. Marsh established a drug store in March, 1874. It has a flouring mill, built by Williams, Moore & Dove. Its cost was $4,000. It is now owned by Bratton & Finneraore. The first blacksmith was Jasper Webb. The present smiths are Webb and Hacker. The first shoemaker was R. Snelling. The first doctor was C. Y. Garrett, who was followed by John Wright, W. V. McMahon, and ISI. L. Cranfield. The present harnessmaker is Aaron Williams. There is a tan yard owned by A. M. Williams, and a wai;oii shop by Charles Ray. Summitsville, though a new place, is quite a lively town. There is no town near to injure its local trade. The prospective railroad from Marion to Anderson, will doubtless make this a station, when it M-ill make a town of some importance. It already contains some tasteful private residences. The population at present is about two hundred. It has an excellent school room, and at this writing a school is being taught by W. M. Croan. Summitville is a pleasant place, and we wish for it a bright future.

Sly Fork Station

This place was formerly a station on the Cincinnati and Chicago Railroad, and is in Union township. It sprang iij) on the completion of the above road and flourished for a short time. The cars, however, do not stop there at the present time. It contained at one time a store, kept by Beninggall & Tucker ; a ware house, kept by James Ross, which was consumed by fire April, 1871, and a postoflice, kept by G. W. Tucker, which has been discontinued. Tlie store room referred to above was consumed by fire, containing goods belonging to Burr & Windell. At this writing there is nothing here to indicate a town, except a few empty houses, and it may be numbered among the things of the past. A sad accident happened here in the year 18G3, in which a young man by the name of Judd lost his life m attempting to get on the cars. The station is about mid- way between Anderson and Middletown, and three miles south of Chesterfield. It is located in a very good part of the county, but as a town and station it has proved a failure. A short distance northeast Sly Fork and Mill creek take their rise. The former flows south into Fall creek, the latter north into White river near Chesterfield.

. We will now introduce the number of letters received from different parts. Those letters have been written by request, thinking they would lend an additional interest to the work. They are given here as they were presented, and each speak for themselves. And we think we will not be presuming too much, when we say they will be read with interest. In each case the writer's name will be given. In making this request, the Author was particular, in writing to none except those who had considerable experience in the early history of which we write. They will be recognized at once as intelligent and wortliy men. The reader will be assured that he is not reading fiction, but facts, as they occurred. A place is gladly given in this work for these letters. The writers of these incidents will soon pass away. It is fitting they leave a line behind, telling of the hardships of by-gone days. Some of these may iiot live to see these letters in print, as our pioneers are fast passing away. Even since the Author commenced the preparation of this Book, the following have died, viz : Isaac Busby, J. T. Swain, B. F. Walker, R. N. Clark, Judge Marshon, Thomas Silver, David E. Studley, and Moses Maynard, all of which wili have an appropriate notice elsewhere.

Having been solicited to contribute whatever of interest from this part of the county, to to the forthcoming history, I now proceed to comply with the request. I deem the subject of great importance, not only to the present, but to all future generations of the county. In this communication I desire to aj^proximate and combine brevity and accuracy, so far as facts of history are concerned. As to an accurate and reliable history of our county there is not the least doubt ; but of course we can not expect every particular in detail.

We fondly hope to be able in some, though faint, degree to refer to some of the facts and incidents connected with our county, and point out with pride some of its past and present developments.

Madison county is bounded on the north by Grant, on the east by Delaware and Henry, on the west by Hamilton and Tipton, and on the south by Hancock. The county was surveyed in townships in 1821, and in 1822 it was divided in sections. It is twenty-nine and three fourths miles in length and fifteen miles in breadth, containing an area of four hundred and forty-six and a fourth square miles. It originally had but twelve townships, but at present contains fourteen, with a population of twenty-five thousand, nearly five thousand three hundred of whom are voters.

Early in the spring of 1820 a company of some six or eight left Springfield, Ohio, and came out and pitched their tents on Fall creek, some three miles southwest of where Pendleton now stands, forming a kind of pioneer colony. The names of those " braves" were Elias Hollingsworth and William Curtis, his brother-in-law. The rest of the company I have forgotten. They were joined by Mr. Liusey and Mr. Richmond, of Indianapolis.

first white woman ever in Madison county, and E. P. Hollingsworth, now of Iowa, w^as the first white child born in the county. Suffice it to say that this country was a vast dreary wiklerness where naught Avas seen or heard save the hideous yells of the Indians, the scream of the panther, the insidious wolf, the wild deer, etc. Such were some of the incidents connected with the early history of the county. For a series of years subject to the innovations of the Indians, incident to a new country, they had trials and hardships of which we know nothing.

I hope the reader will indulge me while I relate an incident showing the genuineness of friendship and kindness which characterized the early pioneers. Mrs. Hollingsworth was taken quite sick, and after she became convalescent she thought if she could get some " store" tea she would soon get well and be able to attend to her domestic affairs. Upon this being made known to Mr. Coonrod Crossly, one of their colony, he started upon horseback for Newcastle for this much coveted article. When he arrived at that place ho found that there was none to be had, but nothing daunted, he pushed on to Riclimond, where he met with no better success. The next morning he mounted his horse for Eaton, Ohio, where he obtained the desired object. So he faced about for his sick woman's log cabin, where a cup of the wholesome beverage was administered \vith eminent success.

Mrs. Hollingsworth lived to raise a large family, all members of the M. E. Church; she, with her kind husband, moved to Missouri in 1849, where they both crossed over to " that better land." Mr. Crossly died a few years since not far from where he first settled.

The first sermon preached in Madison county was by the Rev. Elias Hollingsworth, in the winter of 1820 and '21, in his own log cabin, to this pioneer colony. In 1821 the Rev. M. Taylor, of Brook ville, Ind., was sent out by Bishop Asbury as a missionary to collect the almost " lost sheep of the House of Israel," and to organize them into some kind of society, which he did with success. These pioneer mis-

Pendleton was for some years the place where the civil and criminal courts were held, but at some subsequent period they were removed to Anderson, and Anderson became permanently the county seat. The courts were held in an old rickety frame building until about the year 1835, when the present Court House was built, "\Ve fondly hope the day is not far distant when our city will be honored with a first-class Court House.

Madison county for its tertility of soil, good timber and water privileges can not be surpassed in any locality in central Indiana ; hence the great surplus of products which is annually shipped to northern and eastern cities. We ship annually some five hundred thousand bushels of wheat, a large amount of corn and twenty-five or thirty thousand head of fat hogs.

Having thus far given a very brief syuoppis and ostensible summary view of the early settling of this county, I now propose giving a brief, though somewhat imperfect sketch of our towns and villages, which may be of some importance to the readers of our County History :

Anderson is the largest town in the county, situated on a high bluff on the south side of White river, and contains at present some five thousand inhabitants. It is one of the most flourishing and business like cities of its size in the State. When I first saw Anderson in 1833 it was but a small town. The people vere void of any spirit of enterprise or ambition. There was nothing at all flattering - nothing but an element of idleness and dissipation; but since or about the close of the late rebellion it has sprung up as if by magic. It has three first-class edifices, the M. E. church, the Presbyterian and the Christian church, one Baptist church of fair dimensions and one Catholic church, all having fine congregations and good Sabbath schools. There are published two weekly newspapers, the Anderson Herald and the Anderson Democrat, both of which have a respectable circulation. It has seven dry goods stores, selling annually .^270,000 worth of goods ; has seventeen groceries, one wholesale, Skehan & Co., sell alone some $50,000 worth annually ;- three drug stores selling ahout $75,000 worth ; three hardware stores selling $70,000 worth ; two tin and stove shops selling $60,000 worth; five boot and shoe stores - am not advised as to the amount they sell; two carriage shops turning out very fine work; five smith shops, two planing mills, two chair manufactories, one foundry, one spoke and hub factory, two grist mills, two banks, three harness shops, three graded schools, four warehouses, three agricultural warehouses, two marble shops, one stone cutting, two tanneries, two daguerreotype galleries, a number of tailors, three dentists, one first-class hotel and two second-class, four livery stables, two railroad depots, one book store, one grain cradle manufactory, two cabinet shops and furniture stores, two pump manufactories, several boot and shoe shops, and a large i^mp- })ly of ministers, doctors and lawyers - " enough an('} to spare." Vie have two first-class railroads, Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati & Indianapolis and the Cincinnati & Chicago, both doing a very large business ; also two more prospective roads, the Anderson, Lebanon & Bloomington, 111., and the White Pigeon & Anderson, all centering at the latter place. We also have the Lafayette & Muncie Railroad, which is about ready for the iron. It runs through the north part of the county via Alexandria and Elwood, crossing the Cincinnati & Chicago at the latter place. The aggregate length of all the roads, when completed, will be about ninety-two miles within the county.

Pendleton is eight miles southwest of Anderson, located at the falls of Fall creek. It is quite a business town, in a very rich part of the county, and is proverbial for its morals ; has fine lime stone for building purposes and the best water power in the county.

Elwood is eighteen miles northwest of Anderson, on the Cincinnati & Chicago Railroad, and is quite a flourishing and business little village.

Alexandria is twelve miles north of Anderson, located on Pipe creek, in a fine part of the county. It contains some fine business rooms, a brick church, school house and an excellent grist mill.

Perkinsville is eleven miles west of Anderson and located at the junction of Pipe creek with White river, and near the Hamilton county line. It is a town of some note, iu a fine agricultural district.

Chesterfield is six miles east of Anderson and is an old town situated near the Indian mounds, and was the home of the late Allen Makepeace.

Markleville is eleven miles southeast of Anderson, located on the Pendleton and Newcastle turnpike, and is rather a lively little village. It contains a neat church and a brick school house.

New Columb^is is six miles south of Anderson, on the south bank of Fall creek, and contains rather a good Lutheran church ; is an old town on the " down hill grade."

Frankton is nine miles northwest of Anderson, located on Pike creek, and is quite a business place. It has two good churches, Methodist and Christian. A two story brick school house and some fine business houses and residences.

Independence is twenty-five miles northwest of Anderson, located on the line between Boone and Duck Creek townships, and also on the line dividing Madison and Grant counties.

With the above summary view the kind reader will necessarily arrive at the conclusion, that with such facilities our county will be one of the first in the State. Our educational

With a well regulated system of education, and the Sunday school cause properly developed, the state of society will be as a grand palladium of our country, and which will secure to us the perpetuity of civil and religious liberty, which will be transmitted through the annals of history, unimpaired to future posterity.

This (Richland) township was formed, or cut off from Anderson township, about the year 1831 or '32 ; it is only live and three-fourths miles long and five miles wide - it being a fractional township on the north side. Big Killbuck runs diagonally through the township, on the east, and Little Killbuck on the west side, the former affording sufficient water for mill and machine purposes, all the year, and the latter, a good supply of stock water.

William Curtis was the first white man, with his family, that settled in what is now Kichland township, in the spring of 1829, and his log cabin was on the spot where Mr. Robert Adams' barn now stands. The first eighty acres of land entered, was by him, in 1830, and is now owned by the above j\Ir. Adams. The next was John Shinkle and family, in the spring of 1830, on the land where Thos. Thornburg lives ; the next a Mr. Barker, Joseph Barnes, Isaac -fones and Archibald Parker, in 1830, on Big Killbuck ; also, Joseph Brown and family, settled on the land now owned by Harrison Canady. A mile or so above there, Richard and Timothy Parsons and families, also settled in 1830, then all a dreary wilderness, inhabited only by the red man and wild animals. These pioneers had to get their bread, etc., from Wayne county, and other places, as best they could, until they could raise it themselves. They knew nothing about luxuries, but dined upon "corn dodgers," " Johnny cake," opossom, coon, wild turkey, venison, etc., without salt or molasses. Their drink consisted of "Adam's ale," pure and unadulterated, as it flowed from the fountain head, down the hill-side, or tinctured with a little sassafras or spice wood.

The first school house or cabin erected was m 1831, on the ground where one of H. Canady's frame houses now stands near the pike, and the first school was taught by an Irishman, in the spring of 1832.

The land in this part of the county was offered for sale by Congress, and by 1S36 or '37 was nearly all taken up, and preparations made for cultivating it.

When I first visited this township, in August, 1833, I found it very wild and dreary, but the few inhabitants were remarkably hospitable and kind in every way : yet they were not of the most refined and cultivated, for, although they had large, generous souls, they were very limited in education. -'They were the right men in the right place "

My brother-in-law, Christian LoMcr, and myself, moved from Wayne county, Indiana, to where I now live. AVe had to cut out our road as we came, and arrived here January 5th, 1839. I had hired a cellar dug and a hewed log house built, 18x22 feet, with a clapboard roof; also, an acre of land, cleared and fenced, the latter costing $15. There were but four or five houses between here and Anderson, and no roads only as we cut them out, except the one from Anderson to Pipe creek, which is now a turnpike. Had no church edifices, but held religious services in private houses. " Log rollings and house raisings " were novel scenes to us, for we had not witnessed the like in Wayne county. We rolled logs thirty-one days, in the spring of 1839. The first thing was to divide the logs, or the ground, as nearly equally as possible, then each one take a dram of the " O. B. Joylul " and all " pitch in." We fancied ourselves as but boys, by the side of those stalwart Virginians and Kentuckiaus. How every thing has changed since then ! Religion, the light of science, and the temperance cause, have dissipated the moral gloom, and banished the " little brown jug" from our public gatherings ; and to-day we have good churches and school houses, nice houses and barns, fine farms, railroads, telegraphs, turnpikes, etc., enough to make any community contented and happy.

and it is already longer in detail than I expected or anticipated when I began. May the blessing of civil and religious liberty ever stand out as a beacon light to cheer us on

Communication From Rev. J. W. Forest

Friend Harden : - Yonr favor requesting a sketch of the early history of Boone township is received and in compliance with the same I now proceed to give a brief outline. In the fall of 1847 I first set foot in this township and in that part known as the Miami Reserve. There was nearly one-half of the above township in this reserve. This land was not at that time in the market, but could be secured by actual settlers by pre-emption. The greater portion of the township was one unbroken wilderness; no traces of civilization in the western part save hunters' camps, an abundance of wolves, deer, squirrels, etc. There was at that time a small settlement in the eastern ])art of the township.

The first election held there were but eighteen votes cast, and the tickets were deposited in the inspector's hat. All was satisfactory so far as I know. I will give the names of those who voted as they recur to my mind, most of whom, however, are dead : James and John Tomlinsou, AVright Smith, John James, William and Thomas Brunt, AVilliam Bevis, Morgan McMahan, Robert Webster, Dudley and George Doyle, Jesse McMahan, Peter Eaton, Samuel Moore and David Jones - the names of the others I have? forgotten. The first house raising I was at there were but two hands .the first day, three the second, four the third, and the fourth day we finished. At the first log rolling there were but eight hands " all told."

The second one I helped raise was a rough log house, with one end open for a fire place and a log cut out instead of a window and a wide puncheon serving for a writing table - the teacher agreeing to teach only as far as the ^' single rule of three,"

The first preaching was by Samuel Partee, of the United Brethren faith; the next was by Wm. Boy den, of the Methodist faith, and the third by Wm. Golden, a Baptist. These meetings were held, generally, in private houses. The first Sabbath school was organized in the year 1854, with J. W. Forrest superintendent.

The first settlers were men of limited means, their first object was to secure homes and then convert them from a wilderness to a state of cultivation. They were men of industrious habits and had due respect for morality. You would scarcely hear an oath at the house raisings and log rollings of that day. I knew of no bottles of whisky being at any of the public gatherings the first few years after settling in the township. The Reserve was settled very fast; the sound of the ax and maul were heard throughout the land. Enough land ^vas soon cleared on which tb raise our own provision, and then we felt as though we were at home. The principal part of the milling was done at Jackson's mill, near Anderson, which required tvro or three days to make the trip. Our trading was done at Enos Wright's, Anderson, and Nathan Tomlinson's, Alexandria.

With industry, strict economy and perseverance our improvements marched on rapidly. The people were neighborly and social i 1 the extreme. Churches and school houses soon sprang up in proportion to other improvements. Our land was naturally productive and soon increased in valuation. We now have a good township and with more ditching will favorably compare with older parts of the county. Of course it has taken toil and sacrifices to accomplish this. Many have fallen by the way, but a few have been permitted to live to see what then looked impossible. We yet lack a railroad, which we hope soon to have, for it would be of great advantage to us in getting our surplus to market. We are also deficient in gravel vrith which to make good roads, for our land is low and of such a nature that it is impossible to make good roads without it.

Your humble writer is one of the last surviving pioneers who settled here as early as 1847, spared for some cause, I hardly know what. Although I have passed through the " flint mill," so to speak, I still enjoy good health, for which I am truly thankful. I came from Virginia when I was thirty-seven years of age, and have now lived in Indiana twenty-seven years ; have tried to preach the gospel in my poor stanmiering way for many years, laboring to l)uild up Zion, not only in Boone, but in different parts of the country ; have served my township in the capacity of Justice of the Peace for twelve years; acted as Swamp Land Commissioner, and have of late been acting with the Grange movement, which I think will accomplish good, but of course I can not see what is in the future.

You are at liberty to use this imperfect sketch, which I would gladly extend, but I find my memory deficient of late in giving dates, names, etc., with many other incidents connected with our early history.

John W. Fokrest

Duck Creek township was organized in 1852, by Anthony Minuick, Henry Cochran and Fielding Sampson, who were then Trustees, or Directors, as they were called by law. The first election took place in August, 1852, in the little United Brethren log church, on the bank of the creek, at the present site of the Waymire grave yard. This continued to be the voting precinct until 1856, when a school house was erected two and one-half miles northeast, on Anthony Minnick's land, to which place it was removed. As the time of holding elections was changed, the first regular election was held in April, 1853.

The first Trustees eiecte<l were John Adair, John Hosier and Thomas W. Harmon. Hosier and Harmon were re-elected. The first Treasurer elected was David Waymire; the first Daniel B. Newkirk; the first Assessor, Anthony Minnick ; the first Jui^tices of the Peace, Elliott Waymire and Massey Clymer, the latter serving acceptably for sixteen years.

The first Sunday school organized was at v/hat then was, and still is, known as the Minnick school house, in the summer of 1857. Thomas W. Harmon was elected Superintendent. The first and only resident minister was Samuel Purtee, of the U. B. Church, He was a man of considerable ability and great zeal, but lacked culture and refinement. Owing to the negligence of his person and the affairs of his family, his influence was not what it otherwise would have been. But he continued a zealous minister and labored in various parts of his country until his death, February 21st, 1872.

During the early history of the township wolves and other wild animals were in abundance, but the last trace of the wolf was seen in the western part, near Tipton county, v/here a den of them was killed by Aquilla and James Purtee, in the year 1859. Deer were numerous, but the last was killed a few years later.

The township, generally speaking, is fiat and is intersected from southwest to northeast by two branches of Duck creek. The soil is good and the country well timbered, occasionally there being a swamp. A mile and a half north of the center are the dividing woiers of the White and Wabash rivers, the water flowing south into Duck creek and thence into ^7hite river, while on the other hand it flows Morth into Wild Cat creek, thence into Wabash river.

John N. Haemon

When mankind wander in the realms of fancy, outside of the domain of demonstrative fact, the theories thus constructed amount only to speculation. In the infancy of nations, it was the custom ot their writers to attempt to give an account of the world, its cosmical development and history, in a few pages of a book. Time sanctified these traditions, and in process of time they became ineorported with the sacred legends of the country; a part of its faith, that amounted to skepticism to doubt. In the decomposition and recomposition of States, the most cherished of these traditions were carried into the new. The wreck of old ideas was the material out of which the new was to be constructed. Every idea of the structure of earth or of the origin of man, has had its antecedent idea in opinions that have had their youth, their manhood, and their age and decay, in systems loug since forgotten. In our day, two theories are occupying the attention of the learned world, that of Creation, and that of Development.

The Creation theory is the more orthodox, as it is older. Old opinions are sound, as long as they have the pupular sanction ; opinion may err in the present, as it has in the past, hence the necessity for investigation before we give ourselves away to any threadbare whim^ because it is old, or mount the whirlwind of fancy, because it is new. It concerns man more to be in possession of fact, than it does to construct theories to prop up the traditions of by-gone ages. The six days of creation and the seventh of rest, is looked on by educated men more in the light of allegory than of literal, cosmical history. Geological harmony is attained by the following ;5olution, compared with the cosmology of Moses : The morning and evening of the first day constituted the Azoic epoch of indefinite time; The second day of Biblical creation was the age of the earliest appearance of animated existence; the age of jNIolusks, or Silurian age. On the third day, th© Devonian age, or fish epoch, was ushered in. The fourth day represents the carboniferous period of geology. The fifth day is the period of the great culmination of those huge reptiles, whose remains are found only in the rocks ; among which are found the Ichthyosaurians, whose frame was enormous, and length not less than thirty feet at maturity. The Flesiosaurias, with snake-like head and feet that were used in water as fins, and on dry land as organs of locomotion. Also, to this period belongs the Ptesodactyl, or birdlike reptile, in consequence of its ability to fly in the air by means of bat-like wings. In the latter part of this period, first appears mammals, or beasts who suckle their young. On the sixth day, or age of mammals, many of the lower order of living existents disappeared from the earth, and gave place to a higher order of animated nature. This is the quaternary period of geologists. The animals of note that belonged to this epoch, which have since disappeared from the earth, are the paloeatherium, the dinotherium, the mastodon or American fossil elephant, the mammoth and the magatherion, the latter, a gigantic sloth, exceeding in size anything now living, the elephant alone excepted.

The most rational and natural divisions of the existence of the earth are, first, when it was purely mineral, in its .second stage it was mineral and vegetable, the third, mineral, vegetable and animal, the fourth, mineral, vegetable, animal and man. There is no discrepancy of opinion as to the advent of man, being the last introduced upon this planet. But the time of his introduction has puzzled archaeologists, both sacred and profane, in all ages of the world. The Mosaic chronology has been tortured by skepticism and the rationalists for the last two hundred years. Every advantage of its weak points has been taken by its enemies, by giving a literal interpretation to the six days of creation. Enough to say, the literal six thousand years, since all things were chaos, and disembodied nonenity is no longer considered tenable by educated men anywhere. It, perhaps, marked a very important revival in the history of man, in which he began to record the traditions of his ancestors.

But to say that man has had an existence on earth coexistent with its first inception and development, and that the planet was habitable in a short week, and that this infant child and his mate were fitted for the duties of their station, and that all created things were of the same age, belonged to the same epoch, and started together in this early morning of time, taxes our credulity beyond endurance. It suits our purpose to accept the Mosaic chronology as an elucidation in part of the historic age. Geology has a record in the rods, in the drift, in the change of season, as indicated in tropical flora preserved in immense beds of carbon, all over the country. Falaeontology, or the science of fossils, shows a succession of living existents in each physical change or revolution, that tlie material substance of the earth past throufgh, from the Pakeozoic period to the present time. Animal forms, belonging to certain stratum of the earth, and not being foinid in older deposits, and their continued existence arrested in newer formations, we are led to suppose that the conditions upon which life depended, no longer existed, and death was the result.'

Such is the trlobite found at the falls of Fall creek, imbedded in the solid rock. Tins little three lobed animal properly belongs to the upper and loM^er Silurian. None are known to exist at the present, and the rocks are the sole record of their being. The stratum is thus named from its cropping out in Wales, the ancient seat of the Silures, who gave the Romans, under Julius Cesar, so much trouble to conquer. Their name, almost forgotten, comes up in geology, and by it, is immortalized.

This little creature is much sought after by students at school, as a representative of the long distant past. Untold ages have roled away since a tro])ical sun warmed the lagoons in which they dwelled. We introduce them here as they once had a home in Madison county, with hundreds, perhaps thousands of other fossils, the names of which are known only to tliose who make their remains a study. The irilabite dwindles into insignificance when compared with another fossil of our county, found in the limestone deposits, plentifully distributed in the vicinity of Anderson.

erally broken in disengaging them from their firm stony case. It is remarked by M. Figuier, that they were the tyrants of the ancient seas. Their epoch is more recent than the trilabiie. Their burial place is principally in limestone rock, secure from everything save the rude violence of man. It has never been our fortune to come across a complete fossil of this fillibuster among reptiles. The head and posterior extremity is generally wanting. What were its habits, its food and its social relation with the monsters of its day, are questions that will remain unanswered. It suited the divine economy of the Supreme Architect of the Universe, to bring into life the lowest order of animated nature, first, and from this, build the pyramid of creation, placing man at the top, as the completing capstone and perfection of his work. Did man and tlie higher order of animals make their appearance on earth as soon as vegetable existence? We think not for many })lausible seasons. The igneous period of earth's history had disengaged so many noxious gassesthat it would have been impossible for an air-breather to perpetuate an existence in such a medium. It is an axiom in philosophy, that matter is inannihilable ; wha,t has become of those noxious gasses? They have been crystalized in the imm nse vegetation, that in aftertime constituted the coal beds that underlie so much of the surface of Indiana, and formed carbonates and carburets witli other simples, until the gasseous fluid surrounding the earth was so far freed from carbon, that the lowest order of airbreathers could begin to exist. Nature makes no mistakes ; life was introduced as soon as the physical conditions of the universe would admit of it. Well may we suppose, and prove by parity of reasoning, that a low order of physiological conditions proved an unperfected state of physical conditions; that progression and gradation in one, prove the same in the other. But Jo take Mr. Weeks' experiment of developing animalculae from vegetable albumen, that they, in turn will overleap the type of their organization, and in time become a fish ; that the fish will become an air-breathing reptile; .Ihat the reptile in process of time, develops wings and feathers, aud assumes all the characteristics of a bird; that the feathers of the bird is changed into hair and the wings into feet, and this aeriform animal drops to earth as a quadrui)ed ; that this quadruped learns the ha])it of walking on its posterior extremities erect, and that the front feet are developed into hands, and assumes the station of man. We are prepared for many wonders in nature, but do not urge those extreme opinions of the law of development, or else, our credulity, being overtaxed, might revolt. Palaeontology fails to furnish those links by which all created living things are thus rendered homogeneous ; one aud the same ; but, only, in different stages of development. Type of being has its law, and, in the present state of our knowledge, the bonds have not been broken and the line of demarkcation swept away. The hog has never become an elephant, neither has the lion ate grass as the ox. Yet this does not argue that man is a mechanical machine ; that he is the same, mentally, that he was during the Lacustrin settlements in Switzerland, the formation of the Kitchenmiddens ol Denmark, or during the period of Hound- building in America. He was unpolished, ignorant and unrefined then, but, nevertheless, he was man. He is a " little lower than the Angel," still. His imj)rovement is mainly due to the civilizing influences of society, the habitual exercise of mental pursuits, and the accumulated experience of untold ages. It is as improbable, for one type of existence to invade another by assumption of form and character, as it would be for man to become a God. The idea may be illustrated by a diagram. Each type of animated existence is a point within a circle. It has a play from center to circumference, but never passes the bounds of the circle, neither does one circle encroach upon another.

With regard to man three opinions are prevalent in the world. The first is that he was created an angel and fell to be a devil. The second that he was originally a devil and that he has been growing better ever since. The third is that he is now, what he always has been, with the modify-

It is the opinion of the most eminent arehiaeologists that man antedates the Glacial epoch, that he was cotemporary with the cave bear, the mammoth, the mastadon and many other extinct species of animals that ceased to exist during tliis transition state. Speculation is not historical fact and much of the investigation on this subject has failed to convince either for or against the extreme antiquity of man. The era of man's existence on earth is divided into three ages. That of iron, covering a period of four thousand years; bronze, that of two thousand years, and the stone age seven thousand, in all thirteen thousand years. What hmgth of time man wandered in the infancy of his existence before he became a worker in stone implements none have ventured to guess. Sir Charles Lyell, when he visited the United States in 1846, gave the subject of the co-existence of man and the mastadon on this continent a careful investigation. Ke expresses himself guardedly by saying that in " other parts of America, which I myself have not visited, I have not as yet been able to obtain authentic proofs of the co-existence of man with the mastadon, though it is highly probable that such proofs will eventually be brought to light. Professor Whitney, indeed, points out that, ' amid the foot hills of the Sierra works of man have been frequently found among the recent deposits of auriferous gravel, in close connection with the bones of the mastodon and elephant,' but I have not yet had an opportunity of examining fully into the evidence."

Dr. B. Dowler described a human skeleton exhumed in the delta of the Mississippi, to which he ascribed an antiquity of fifty thousand years. Figures are easily made, but it is another thing to estimate their numerical value. He failed to give enough of the thread of his reasoning to enable us to judge of its accuracy. Four superimposed forests were interlocked above the remains, which had a depth of sixteen feet beneath the surface.

article, but to preserve a logical connection, it may be remarked that the co-existence of man with the mastadon is relative to the suliject as the bones of the latter have been found in Madison county in two or more places. Human remains have never, in this locality, claimed any great antiquity. Two thousand years ago the bones of this fossil elephant was as much of an enigma as they were to the workmen who brought them to light on the farm of Mr. John Harmason in the year 1871. While constructing a ditch to drain a marsh of several miles in length, the workmen came upon the huge bones of an extinct species of animals belonging to the class called pachidenus, or thick skinned animals. The Avord mastadon is a compound of two Greek words signifying nipple-tooth. When did these huge monsters rove in herds in Madison county, shaking the solid ftiundations of the earth with their tread? Ask the everlasting hills and they are silent; inquire of the forests, and ths answer will be tliat a hundred generations have passed away since one of these browsed upon its branches ; interrogorate the marshes in which they are found, and the silence of death that reigns there gives no information of the rolling years and cycles of time that bars us from tlie date of their existence. Tlie winds have no pen to record, or tongue to tell of the thousand ages that have passed in the dim twilight of the early morn of time, when the mastadon, monarch of the land, shook his hoary mane in the wintry wind. Fossil remains of several species of this huge beast have been exhumed in all countries of the known world except in southern India and Africa, the home of the living elephant. There may be a relative proportion existing: between the size of the teeth of an animal and the animal itself. If this rule is even proximative, and in the vicinity of truth we attain all that is expected by the comparison. We have in our possession a tooth of an ox that had a living weight of eighteen hundred pounds. As the ox's tooth is to its living weight so is the mastadon's to its live weight. The rule, if correct, makes the weight of the living mastadon, whose bones were found as aforesaid in the vicinity of Anderson, forty thousand one hundred and twelve pounds. It is not claimed that there is any great degree of accuracy in the calculation, but as good as any from the kind of material we have to reason from. Tiie workmen that found the bones in question informed us that tliere was also a reddish brown hair mixed with the muck, but it was carelessly thrown aside and we failed to find any of the clothing of the beast on the day following the discovery. If man, on this continent, ever beheld a living mastadon, it is so far in the distant past that the physical records of time have grown illegible. The Indians have a tradition that goes back to the epoch of the mastadon, but it is not trustworthy. It is too silly to recapitulate, but nevertheless it might amuse. It is related that once upon a time the Great Spirit felt himself much aggrieved by the sad havoc committed by the mastadon on the deer, elk and buffalo that were created for the Indian ; that he resolved to destroy them, and for that purpose seated himself upon a high hill and hurled thunderbolts at them until they were all destroyed save one old bull, Avho, facing the divine wrath, shook off the electric fluid as it fell on his forehead, until failing to catch and turn it aside, he was wounded in the side, when, with a mighty roar, he bounded across the Ohio and the great lakes in the north, and at last took up his abode in a far distant country, where he is living to this day.

Their bones are much larger than those of the elephant, the hight of some skeletons, about thirteen feet, with body much longer in proportion to hight. They seldom have more than eight teeth in use at one time, thus, § -H . The front grinder is about two-fifths smaller than the one back of it. Its food was plainly vegetable, as proved by the remains of twigs, leaves and other vegetable matter found between its ribs. It was probably like othev pachydenns, fond of visiting marshy places, in search of more abundant food, where it became mired in the place where its bones are so frequently found. About thirty species of mastadon have been described by palseontologists. Those wishing further

Madison county, like every other point in the State, presents its relics of a by-gone age. Flint arrowheads, spearheads, scrapers, raullers, rollers, and many other stone implements are found, the uses of which, we at this distant time, can scarcely guess at. It is thought that no metal ic substance of high antiquity has been found. These things have the impress of a European origin, and in no wise attributable to the ancient inhabitants of the country. In M'^xico and Peru the civilization at the time of the conquest, hud advanced to the bronze epoch, while in Europe that j)oint had been passed four thousand years before. In the northern part of North America, there is no satisfactory evidence that bronze implements had ever come into general use; that they were at least six thousand years behind their European neighbors, allowing four thousand years for the age of iron, and two thusand for that of bronze. Stone implements found here belong to the two ages of stone - the rough, and the polished. There is not a vestige of evidence that would prove the existence of man in the central parts of Indiana over two thousand years ago.

He may have been here ten thousand, but the evidence of this high antiquity is not present. Flint implements have no date, they leave no record ; the time of their use is shut out by the dead ages of the past, without leaving their marks on the wings of time. The mounds near Chesterfield, the work of the ancient inhabitants, present many features that are interesting as iood for reflection. Their regularity suggests the idea of mathematical accuracy. The circuit of the larger is about three hundred paces. The length of one step is a unit of measure, with all rude or uncivilized people. Why three hundred ; did they have the use of the Arabic numerals ? Perhaps not, but they had the same suggestive idea of the Semitic races, in counting by tens, on the digital extremities of the hands. The pace made a unit of measure, and the fingers suggested its multiplication by tens.

Those who have given the niouncls the greatest attention in trying to decipher their object and uses, have divided them into three classes : First, military or defensive ; second, that for the interment of the dead ; and third, that for adoration or worship. Our principal mound at Chesterfield comes under the denomination of the latter. The ditch is on the inner side ; the elevation of earth in the center is what is usually denominated the sacrificial altar ; the opening in the embankment, frontng the south, may have reference to the sun at meridian hight, and an object of worship by almost all nations iu a certain stage in their civilization. The ancient Egyptians M'ere worshippers of the sun, and the Incas of Peru called themselves the children of the sun and the Aztecs of Annihuac adored that luminary and ])Oured out libations of praise to the other hosts of heaven. There is too much speculation in the whole subject to say positively what the complete object was in the minds of the architects. The work, as well as the people that did it, is a mystery that time will never unfold. Whence came they, whither have they gone, how long did they remain, and what were the causes of their taking ofi"? This ancient people, the Mound Builders, might have been destroyed by war and conquest; famine is more terrible to a half civilized people than it is to an enlightened nation ; pestilence folows in the train of other disasters. War, famine and pestilence are the three principal causes of the destruction of all the ancient States. Wlien they had filled the measure of their existence, and their purposes and objects were complete, it would not bother the mind of the Infinite to get rid of them. When knowledge and virtue walk hand in hand, the prosperity of the people is secure ; when these become stationary, prosperity is on the retrograde ; Avhen knowledge and virtue decline, the spectacle becomes contemptible, and the blot is generally wiped out with the the existence of nationality. If the Mound Builders once had an existence in Madison county, there was a purpose in it. If they had fulfilled the objects of existence, they would, no doubt, be here to-day; but wherein their

If some of the pioneer views of the antiquity of man are objectionable, I can apologise better by making a quotation, a saying of Prof. Agassiz, " that whenever a new and startling fact is brought to light in science, people first say, ' it is not true,' then that ' it is contrary to religion,' and lastly, 'that every body knew it before.' "

W. A. Hunt The Big Lick

The source of Lick Creek, proper, is what is generally called the Big Lick. Many an incident occurred here which gave much merriment and laughter among the old settlers, then living in this part of the county. It was a great place of resort for the wild game of the woods at that time, especially deer. (My informant states he saw seven one morning before breakfast, a pretty fair sight on an empty stomach indeed,) which would come and sup of the water that oozed from the sides of the low banks, water which seemed everlasting , and many an one was shot down by sporting men who then lived in this vicinity. Scaflfolds Nvere built in the branches and forks of the trees which surrounded the basin or pool. Then at night or at early dusk ascend the tree, conceal themselves, having a little fire on some boards covered with dirt. Here would each one sit on Ids own tree, with his old flint lock in hand a.waiting the arrival of the deer, which would generally soon make their appearance, not suspecting their enemies who were perched above them. When the man nearest the deer, would brighten up his light with some dry kindling, which was always prepared for that purpose, the light would blind the deer, then a charge was let loose from the old trusty, gun then a general charge was made by the entire party often killing several. Crippling on such occassions was not considered a good shot.

This place is somewhat noted in other respects. It was here that Bacy's trace crossed; the first emigrant train that passed through this part of this country, traveling west. In fact this route was taken l)y the traveling public tor some time, emigrating West. Also much had been said in reference to mineral deposits here.

Iron ore exists in small quanties. It was thought by some that the Indians made salt here at one time. It is said that a man by the name of Tigaret in the year 1850, made some experiments in reference to the discovery of salt. But it was a grand failure. My informant states that he came with mattock, spade, pumps, etc., and to work he went, where tradition had pointed out, as he said, the exact spot for operations. His first part of the work was to sink a shaft if possible to the briny liquid. It was soon found impossible to continue this part of the work successfully, unless a curbing of some kind to keep out the falling mud could be procured. Consequently a large sycamore gum was obtained, about ten feet long and four feet in diameter. At last the gum was placed in position, the salt man did the work of excavation and again commenced in earnest. By this time the gum is lowered, only leaving about one foot above the ground. In a short time the men above became somewhat discouraged, but a few words of encouragement from the man below set them to work with renewed energy ; for they had now reached a place where the precious liquid lay awaiting the removal of the alluvial deposits, which was now almost done. Great anxiety was now manifested by the intent party, and others of the neighborhood who had

As the anticipated depth was about reached, where treasure would be revealed, all eyes were strained to their utmost to catch the first view of what would perhaps make this day memorable for generations to come ; and to give advantages here of which few places could boast. Sure enough just at this moment the vein is tapped; all is excitement above and below ; it is rising rapidly up the legs of the man below. He is in danger of being submerged before relief can be afforded him. But our faithful friend above was equal to the task. All was now safe and each ready to test, by tasting the relative qualities of the new discovery, which was by this time flowing over the top of the gum in great sluces. " Sulphur," says one, " coperas" says another," iron " says a third. Now we can not imagine the surprise and disappointment of these men when they found this fluid to be merely good drinking water, perhaps only slightly impregnated with iron. The water has been flowing over the top until recently. The flowing over of the gum caused the filling up with sediment.

This place is one and one-half miles north of the line between Madison and Hancock counties, and two and onehalf miles west of the Henry county line. A great change is observed in the vicinity of the spring compared with its appearance forty years ago. It has lost much of its wild and romantic scenery.

It was near this place where Mary Ann Afford was killed by lightning in the year 1855. And on his farm, lying a short distance west of the spring, is where John Slaughter becoming weary of life took the fatal dose of morphine, which terminated his existence in about forty-eight hours. He was a German by birth, had moved from Pennsylvania in the year 1834, where he settled in the woods and cleared up a large farm and accumulated a great deal of wealth ; the management or control of which seemed to give him much trouble, hence he sought relief by his own efforts to free himself of the turmoils of life. In the year 1833 or 4, Mrs. Surber, wife of James Surber, hung herself in her own house, cause unknown. This house stood but a short distance west of the Big Lick. In the same neighborhood, still a little farther west, Josephus Poindexter committed suicide by cutting the jugular veins of his neck with a razor, causing almost instant death. This occurred in 1858. He was much respected by all who knew him. He had been Justice of the Peace for several years ; was fifty years of age. He had raised a large family of children which had grown up to respectability. In 1858, Thomas Shelton an old citizen of this neighborhood was found dead on his own premises. The decision of the Jury was that he died of apoplexy.

Just a little further southwest a youth by the name of John Padgett, was found dead in the woods, cause of death unknown. And down Lick creek a little way, Frederick Windell shot himself accidently. A full account of this matter will be found elsewhere in this work. He was highly respected by all who knew him. It seems that casualities of this kind have been much greater in this neighborhood than in other localities in this county.

Deae Sie : Your favor of the 14th instant is before me, and contents noted. By it I am informed that you are hunting up materials for a history of Madison county. In it you solicit me to contribute something for your proposed work.

I can sincerely assure you it gives me very great pleasure to comply with your request, and should I, by my feeble pen, contribute any thing which may add any interest to your forthcoming book, I shall feel myself most happy thereby.

First : I was born on Saturday morning, November 13th, 1813, in Knox county, then in the territory of Indiana (now Sullivan county, taken from Knox), in a very small log cabin in a little " picket fort " erected to defend the whites against the hostile Indians.

I was born of poor but respectable parents. My father's name was Friend Lemon, born in Virginia. My mother's maiden name was Mary Hansbrough, daughter of Peter Hansbrough, for whom I was named. My parents came to the then territory of Indiana, and settled near Vincennes. My father was by profession a miller and a farmer. His farm is located on Willard's prarie. Gill township, Sullivan county, four miles north and west from Carlisle. He was born March 10th, 1782, died August 17th, 1862, aged eighty years, five months and seven days. My mother died when I was only some three or four weeks old,

I was bred on the farm, and worked on the farm until I was seventeen years of age when, September, 1830, 1 went to learn the blacksmith trade in Carlisle, with Alonzo Coulton. The volcanic art proved too hard for my physical powers, so I abandoned it and turned my attention to books. The old log school house, common in this country in that early day, was the kind in which my first ideas were " taught to shoot." I mastered Webster's American Spelling Book, Pike's Arithmetic, the English Reader, and Introduction to the same by Lindley Murray, and with the old goose quill I had learned to write a tolerably fair hand. Thus far finished in my education, in the spring of 1832 I began the occupation of a pedagogue, taught a nine months' school near Bruceville, Knox county. In the spring of 1833 I went to Vincennes and went to school to the Rev. Henry Moore Shaw, an educated Episcopal clergyman. With him I learned the art and mystery of " speaking and writing the English language with propriety," according to Murray. In 1834 I taught a school in Palestine, Crawford county, Illinois, and commenced reading medicihe with Dr. Norton, became dyspeptic, and to cure the same farmed it in 1835. In 1836 went to Alabama and lived with an uncle, who was a lawyer. Studied law, was licensed April 10th, 1839, at Merom, Sullivan county, Indiana. July 4th, 1874, was the "orator of the day" at Merom. I forgot to mention that on the 26th of March, 1839, I was married, in New Lebanon, Sullivan county, Indiana, to Miss Sarah Ellis, daughter of Jesse Ellis, of Madison county. Left IVJerom March 8th, 1841, for Madison county, Indiana, moving in a two horse wagon. Arrived at Alexandria, Madison county, on March 17th, 1841. Delivered the Fourth of July oraation at Alexandria. Practiced law. Left Alexandria for Anderson May 5, 1845. In 1848 edited the True Democrat, published by the brothers, John Q. & Wm. Howell. In 1849, with Dr. Townsend Ryan, bought the printing press and started the Weekly Democrat. " Busted up."

Now as to my office holding : I was elected Justice of the Peace for Anderson township in, September, 1847, for five years. Re-elected, in 1852, for four years (new Constition). In October 1855 was elected Clerk ot the Madison Circuit 'Court. My opponent was the late Judge James N. Starkey, at that time the deputy Clerk for James Hazlett, Esq., my predecessor. Judge Starkey was a Democrat, but ran independently. The Whigs ran no candidate for Clerk that year. I served my term out. Was not a candidate for re-election.

Removed from Anderson to Indianapolis October 24th, 1863, so that my life spent in Madison county was a little over twenty-two and a half years - four at Alexandria and eighteen and a half in Anderson.