Howard Township

Howard Township

The above picture shows the crowd at the last day at Douglas School, March 9, 1915. The crowd was estimated at 200. Mr. M. U. Huff, the teacher, aged 50, taught the same school 31 years ago, in the winter of '83-'84. Many of the patrons now were pupils then. The enrollment then was 52. This year there were 26. The patrons brought a big dinner and the school gave a literary program in the afternoon.

Educational Report 67 The Flower Club

Officers PBI sis lt) bana sagen wertuadtobatwruededl Mrs. Edgar D. Bush WiCE=PRESIONE 60 to ws esed netwess Sdoarrdaseaaerasubads Juanita Durnil DORTOIAMY.. ore hha aaciebstawenwe has What Hewes seach sem Sh seoaets Hazel Dean MT CASUCRE oc He oct bch sao ouwteieaees se cdss duteiesPaotes Helen Schaffer Membership Comittee. scaiiccacadnescosccsnss eee Gladys Wyman

Our school terms are short and vacations long. Realizing the need of something in the educational line for our girls in summer, Mrs. Edgar Bush organized this little class, called "The Flower Club."

There are twenty-two members. They meet every two weeks and beginning with the next meeting will have all day sessions, the girls coming and going while it is cool.

With songs and marches, rapid drill work (mental arithmetic), music, reading, gardening, demonstrations, serving, rambles in the woods for such things as Jack-in-the-Pulpit to be studied with the poem, a hunt for "The Spreading Chestnut Tree" under which to study The Village Blacksmith, and so many things in God's great school-room with Mother Nature as teacher, the girls spend an interesting day.

At the next meeting the girls will make seed-bags and begin their collection of seeds for next year. They will study one of the flower children, The Radish Bloom, and gather the seed babies, that have been tucked away so snugly by their mother, in their little cradles, for a long, long sleep, each with a basket of lunch.

The development of the social and the musical instinct, keeping them in touch with their school studies, brightening their vacation period and awakening a new interest in things about us; as birds, bees, flowers, trees, etc., is the purpose of this class.

The first mill at this site was built of logs in 1808. The building shown in the picture was erected in 1861. The mill was used to grind flour and corn meal as late as 1905. It is now used mainly to crush grain for feed.

This building was erected for church and school purposes about 1808. It was used last as a school building in 1859. John A. Beck, the man in the picture, is 77 years of age. He attended school in this building 56 years ago. The boy standing near him is his grandson,

Educational Report 69

"John Beck commanded a company of rangers at the battle of Tippecanoe, in November, 1811. Upon the return of the men a volley was fired at Beck's Hill. This volley was heard a long distance and gave rise to the report that the settlers there had been attacked by the Indians. About that time a fire, which had been started in the woods, threw up large volumes of smoke, and the report also went out that the Indians were burning the cabins and murdering the settlers. People hastily gathered in strong cabins and forts and made the best preparations possible for defense, but soon the delusion was dispelled."

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Hardinsburg maintains a two-year high school course, for which the students receive full credit in the Salem High School, graduating at the end of two more years' work.

The Fourth Grade Arithmetic Class

One is how many times one-eighth? Eight. Give the squares of the fractions %, 34, 34, up to %, Jesse. %, %, %e, 195, 2546, 2849, 4%4, 9461. Why do we study the multiplication tables, Aldo? To get by memory the sets of numbers we use often. Why do we usually stop with nine times a number, Clara? Because we do not often need a table any higher. Teacher, can you give the nines backwards? Certainly. Let's hear you. 81, 72, 63, 54, 45, 36, 27, 18; 9. I'd like to hear Aldo give the sixes upside down. All right. Aldo, give the sixes upside down for Mary. 9, 18, 27, - The sixes, Aldo, not the nines. 36, 45, 54, 63, 72, 81. Explain yourself, Aldo. See this six on the calendar? Turn the calendar upside down, then the six

Oh, yes; like a written h turned over for a y, or a y for an h. Teacher, can you give the ones? Certainly. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,9. Now, Aldo, give the table of 2520 multiplied

Educational Report

Salem-Washington Township High School Building. Every corporation and township holds a contest the first Saturday in March to select their champions for the county contest.

There are three classes of contestants: Class A consists of two pupils who are enrolled in the seventh and eighth grades. Class B consists of two pupils who are enrolled in the fifth and sixth grades. Class C consists of two pupils who are enrolled in the second, third, and fourth grades. The first and second best spellers of each class in the local contests are eligible to enter the same class in the county contest.

On the last Friday in February each teacher holds a spelling contest to select representatives from his school for the Classes A, B and C in the township contest.

Any pupil who has been champion of the local contest and who did not attend the county contest is not eligible to enter any local contest again.

8. In case all contestants who are on the floor fail to spell a word, the word shall be dropped, all who missed shall re-enter the contest and the next word pronounced.

9. Contestants from the same school shall not stand near each other in the local contest, nor shall contestants from township stand near each other in County Contest.

The Alexander Speller, The Indiana Speller and the McGuffey Speller will be used in the County Contest. The books will be used in the same order as named.

Educational Report 81

"The attendance was good and the interest manifested by the pupils and teachers prove that Spelling is receiving due attention from the teachers of our county. The children made a splendid showing in this subject and it encourages us to believe that old time spelling may again become paramount in the branches taught in our common school course." - Salem Democrat.

"A great interest is aroused in the county schools every winter in the subject of spelling and many spelling bees are held of evenings preparing for the big county contest held every spring by County Superintendent Orra Hopper, who thus hopes to overcome the tendency to slight the subject of spelling in the schools.

"The usual big crowd of young people, fond parents and interested friends made the day a lively one for the county capital. The auditorium of the high school was crowded both morning and afternoon, standing room being in demand some of the time." - Republican-Leader.

Winners, 1915. Left to Right - Gilbert Matthews, Edna Martin, Ralph Turner, Mabel Wright, Herman Gray. Gilbert Matthews is the county champion.

Diploma Examinations

Gibson Township © oi. csr cea bs 8 81.7 Brown: Township: +. .c:0c0 00 se00 0 92. Frasklin Township zcceswes lows ocak 90.8 Flowaed TOwnushig 2 oc iccecacncakes 94. Jackson Township: ...scccg.0cases 88.8 Jeflerson Township' .6osi0cic05 bene 90. Madison TOwnship: ciscicss ace ds acs 86.6 Monroe Township <....3¢s..0 2.00% 83. Potk "Pownslip 6.06002. 2e5.nclsace 93.4 Pierce TEwEship. ace sg hss awslen os 86.7 Posey Townshipy ois occ. ecseie tab co 92.6 Vernon Township: .......c06<0s «gens 86.5 Washington Township ............ 91.

Bible Stories

IGHTH grade students who took the diploma examination were requested to write stories on Moses, Joseph, and Job. These stories were graded on originality, language, and thought. Prizes were awarded the writers of the three best stories.

The Story Of Job

There lived in the land of Uz a man named Job, who feared God, and was careful to do no evil. God gave him great riches. Job had seven sons and three daughters. His sons and daughters, who were grown, feasted together and made merry. When the feasts were over Job always asked them if they had done wrong because he feared they had displeased God.

After Job enjoyed his riches for many years God sent trouble upon him to test his patience. His oxen and asses were driven away by robbers, his sheep were burned by fire falling from the sky and his sons and daughters killed. But Job was patient and said that God took them away because he knew what was best.

God sent him more trouble, such as sickness and sore boils which covered his body. Then Job sat down in despair. His three friends came to comfort him; they thought his troubles were because of some evil he had done. But Job knew better. He said he would rather die than live. When he saw he couldn't die, he became impatient and found fault and said God was cruel to him.

Job became angry at his three friends and they talked angrily to each other. They heard a voice speaking out of a whirlwind; it was the voice of God. He said Job's three friends had done wrong to him and therefore should offer a burnt offering and ask Job to pray for them for He would hear his prayers. They did as God commanded and Job prayed for them; and they were forgiven. Then God took away Job's sickness and gave him twice as many riches as he had before. He had seven sons and three daughters born unto him again.

His brothers, sisters and friends and children came to his house and had a great feast. Every man gave a piece of money and an earring of gold.

The Story Of Joseph

Joseph, the son of Jacob, was born in Syria. He was the eleventh of twelve sons, and because he was his father's favorite his brothers hated him. While he was young he had dreams which his brothers thought meant that he would some day rule over them and this made them hate him more.

Joseph's brothers took their father's flock to graze in another land. Jacob sent Joseph, who was then seventeen years old, to find out if his brothers were well. His brothers saw him coming and decided to kill him, but Reuben persuaded them not to kill him but to place him in a pit. They did this and later sold him to a party of Ishmaelites. His brothers dipped his coat in blood and took it to Jacob. He felt sure that a beast had devoured Joseph and he mourned many days.

The Ishmaelites took Joseph to Egypt and transferred him to the service of the king. Later he was thrown into prison having been falsely accused. While in prison he interpreted the dreams of the king's butler and baker and because of their fulfillment he was called upon to interpret the king's dream. After this the king released him and made him governor over all the land. Joseph then had the people to prepare for a great famine.

When the famine came, Egypt was like a large granary and people came from many lands to get food. Jacob, Joseph's father, sent his sons to get food. When they came to Joseph without knowing him and he made himself known to them there was much rejoicing.

The Story Of Moses

After Joseph died, his people stayed in Egypt, and after a few years there were so many Israelites in Egypt that the new king (whose name also was Pharaoh) began to fear that they would finally take his crown away from him; so he ordered that all the young boys of the Israelites be killed.

After a while he was found by Pharaoh's daughter who took him and gave him to his mother to nurse. (She didn't know that she was giving him to his mother.) He grew and she called him Moses.

After Moses grew to be a man he refused to be called the son of Pharaoh's daughter; so he ran away to where the Israelites were making bricks. As he approached them he saw an Egyptian beating an Israelite. Moses slew the Egyptian and hid him in the sand. King Pharaoh tried to kill Moses, so he fled into the land of Midian where he married and stayed forty years. One day while Moses was on a mountain with his father-in-law's flock, he saw a burning bush and God called to him out of the midst of it and told him that he must go down into the land of Egypt and bring the Israelites out of that land into the wilderness where they could worship Him. Moses began to make excuses but God told him that his brother Aaron would go with him and that He would certainly be with them and keep them from any harm. So Moses and Aaron went and told Pharaoh that God had commanded him to let the Israelites go into the wilderness and worship Him there; but Pharaoh wouldn't let the people go.

Then Moses and Aaron went out from Pharaoh and God sent ten plagues on the land of Egypt; the first of them was a plague of blood, when the water was all turned to blood; then He sent frogs, lice, flies, murrain of beasts, boils, hail, locusts, darkness and the death of the firstborn. Not until after the death of the firstborn would Pharaoh let the people go. Although none of the Israelites were hurt, the Egyptians suffered greatly. Then Moses gathered together all the Israelites and they started on their journey to the wilderness, God going before them in a pillar of fire.

When Pharaoh saw the danger was over, he sent his men to bring them back. Just as the Israelites were at the Red Sea, they saw the Egyptians coming. They were very much frightened when they saw them, but Moses stretched out his hand over the waters and they parted, and the Israelites passed over on dry land.

Pharaoh and his men were about half way across when the Israelites were over. Just as the Israelites were across, the waters closed in upon the Egyptians and not one of them escaped.

On account of the people's disobedience they wandered around through the wilderness for many years, and lived on manna which fell from heaven. On Mt. Sinai Moses received the law (from God) from which the ten commandments are taken. At one time the people were without water for so long that God told Moses to speak to a certain rock and water would run out of it. Moses was so vexed with the people that he smote the rock also; for this sin Moses was not allowed to go into the promised land.

God told Moses to go upon a high mountain and look over into the land of Canaan but not to go into it. On this mountain Moses died, and no one to this day ever knew where he was buried.

The Heacock Fruit Company

planted one hundred acres in young trees, of such varieties as Grimes Golden, Winesap, Rome Beauty, Jonathan and other high quality apples, which experience has shown may be produced to perfection on their location just north of Canton.

This orchard is cultivated and such cover crops as soy beans, crimson clover, and other leguminous crops are grown between the trees for soil improvement.

A bearing orchard of about six acres is also located on their property, and although this orchard had been neglected before the company took charge of it, good crops are now secured almost every year, and the winnings of this company at the Indiana Apple Shows, which are recognized as the best shows east of the Rocky Mountains, demonstrate the quality of fruit which may be produced here under proper care.

Among the awards at this show may be mentioned the grand sweepstakes on best box of any variety, a two hundred dollar prize, won in 1914. The first prize on commercial exhibit in competition with the best commercial orchardists of the state, a three hundred and fifty dollar prize, won in 1912, and second in this class in 1914. Grand sweepstakes on best twenty-five box exhibit of any variety, grand sweepstakes on best tray of any variety, and numerous firsts and smaller prizes. This is mentioned as indicating the fact that no county in Indiana can produce finer fruit than Washington.

Selection Of The Tree

while apple, pear, plum and cherry may be either one or two years, there being no essential difference, the one-year trees, if well grown, being somewhat cheaper, easier to set, and more likely to withstand unfavorable conditions. There is no material difference between trees budded or grafted on whole root stocks, and those known as piece root grafted, either in hardiness, productiveness or longevity.

Selection of cions from trees of particular qualities of fruit or productiveness, producing what are called "Pedigreed trees," is a practice which has been resorted to by some nurserymen in the hope that desirable qualities might thus be continued or improved, but experiments have proven quite conclusively that there is little difference between such trees and those grown in the ordinary way. The reason is simple: each budded or grafted tree is a part of the parent tree of that variety, and it can only change through environment or bud variation; the latter exceedingly rare, while the variation through environment is seldom permanent, disappearing with a return to the original environment.

Trees should be free from any injurious insects or diseases, the ones most prevalent in nursery stock, such as Scale, Aphis, Crown Gall, etc. being easily distinguished.

Preparation Of The Tree For Planting

When taken from the nursery row in late fall or early spring, the tree should be in a dormant condition, and held in that condition until planted. If set in the fall the work should be done after the wood has fully matured, and if in the spring, it should be done before the small fibrous roots have begun to grow.

All broken and injured roots should be removed, and a large part of the root system may be cut out without injury, even to the extent of leaving only the central or tap root, as is the practice in the Stringfellow method of planting, provided the tree is properly treated otherwise and conditions are right, but the better practice is to prune to about half the original root system, and cut back the top to balance, leaving a low and rather open head. In pruning peach at planting, it is usually advisable to leave only a straight whip two feet or less in height, the idea being to remove at least as large a proportion of the top as has been taken from the root system.

The hole should be dug large enough to accommodate the roots without crowding, and deep enough to allow the tree to stand a few inches deeper than it stood in the nursery row. It should be leaned slightly against the direction of the prevailing winds, and the loose dirt worked thoroughly about the roots, and tamped down very firmly. No manure, fertilizer or other material is needed at planting time, the success of transplanting depending upon moisture, heat and sunlight, rather than upon fertility, so that clean culture to conserve moisture after planting is essential, and the addition of necessary fertilizers should be attended to after the tree is fairly started in its growth.

Protection from rabbits should be secured by the use of screens made from one-inch mesh poultry netting, and where mice are troublesome care should be taken to remove all grass and other rubbish for a distance of two feet or more.

Soils And Location

Most trees will grow in a variety of soils, but that which is favorable for the best development and the production of the highest quality of fruit, is, generally speaking, a rather loose clay loam, underlaid with limestone at a good depth, and in all cases, sweet, well drained, and containing an abundance of humas.

The lighter soils, containing some sand or gravel, are well adapted:to most varieties of peach and cherry, while apple and pear will thrive on a good clay loam, but none will do their best on a very heavy cold or wet soil, and while even a very rich loam is suitable for some varieties, ordinarily it gives an excess of wood growth at the expense of fruit, and hinders the best development of quality and color.

There is much discussion as to the particular slope which should be selected for an orchard location, the preference being given to a northern or eastern slope, but this is a comparatively unimportant feature, the essential point being that there must be suitable air drainage, which will prevent the frequent damage from late spring frosts. Comparatively level, or gently rolling upland, surrounded by valleys, gives an ideal location for the orchard site, and affords an opportunity for the practice of modern methods of culture.

A great many varieties of tree fruits are worthless or of very limited usefulness, and with so many varieties of known merit it is useless to plant those of poor quality or which are unproductive. The following list, while naming only a few of those which may be grown profitably, may serve as a guide in part for our section, some being suitable for home use and others for market. A few good varieties well cared for will prove much more satisfactory than numerous inferior kinds.

Rules For Spraying

1. For all fruit trees that are subject to San Jose scale, spray during dormant period with commercial lime-sulphur solution that tests 32° Baume Lydermeter test, one part limesulphur to 8 parts of water.

2. Spray for apples just as the pink in the blossom begins to show, but before blossoms open, with one part lime-sulphur to forty parts of water. Also add to this mixture one pound dry arsenate of lead to fifty gallons of water. This will control scab, bud moth, etc.

3. Spraying is of very great importance and must be done at the right time. Use same mixture for second spraying, just after the petals fall and before the calyx lobes have closed. This is generally 4 to 10 days later. This is the time to spray to prevent the codling moth worm and curculio in the apple.

4. To prevent apple blotch and the summer brood of codling moth, spray about the last week of June or early in July with Bordeaux mixture with one pound dry arsenate of lead added.

If bitter rot is prevalent use Bordeaux mixture every two to four weeks, according to the weather conditions that cause bitter rot to spread.

Eighth Grades, 1914-15

Mann - chapter 20 or 21. Purdue Bulletin No. 23. Principal Insect Enemies of Growing Wheat - U. S. Bulletin 132. Germination. Purdue Bulletin No. 110. Circular No. 25. Testing Farm Seeds in the Home and Rural Schools - U. S. Bulletin No. 428. Read for Review while studying wheat seed corn - Mann - chapter 13. Legumes. Mann - chapter 22 or 23. Purdue Extension Bulletin No. 31. Purdue Extension Bulletin No. 2. Fisher and Cotton - chapter 13. Purdue Leaflet No. 44. Red Clover - U. S. Dept. Farmers' Bulletin No. 455. Soy Beans - U. S. Dept. Farmers' Bulletin No. 372. Leguminous Crops for Green Manuring - U. S. Bulletin No. 278. Rotation of Crops. Mann - chapter 18 or 19. Fisher and Cotton - chapter 16. Tillage and Improvement of Soil. Mann - chapter 12 or 13. Renovation of Worn Out Soils - U. S. Bulletin No. 245. Soil Conservation - U. S. Bulletin No. 406.

h. Grasses. Mann - chapter 21. i. Farm Weeds. Mann - chapter 27. Read - Mann chapter 17. j. The Orchard. Mann - chapter 24 or 25. Insect Enemies of Plants - Mann, chapter 28 or 29. Disease of Plants - Mann, chapter 29 or 30. Purdue Extension Bulletin No. 19; Bulletin No. 138.

Every school should subscribe for one or more good farm journals. Farmers in school communities will gladly loan their farm papers to the schools.

Every school should have an agriculture exhibit not later than November. The farmers of the school district should be invited to attend and take part in judging and scoring products. Photographs of the exhibits, patrons and school should be taken. One photograph should be sent the county superintendent.

County Board Of Education

Brown Township - aA...L,. Preedes . ean ea es ene Campbellsburg Franklin Township - William Huston................ New Philadelphia Gibson 'Township - William Wilson... .i.c00b. esa05 os sa 20 Scottsburg Howard, Towiiship - Frank Beck... .., P20 22 ee ees oe es Salem Monroe Township - Chas. Winslow. .. 2.5.14 viv eyees oe hee es een Salem Madison. Township - Clyde Patton... ..... .. oan Wes come Campbellsburg Jefferson Township - Newton Booker................0..555. McKinley Jackson 'Township - Aupustus Miller... .. 0 5c cuig ae ten oe orate mae one Pekin Pierce Township - EHlga Bartlett. 26.0 20 5 od ow aah aoe ee ptleiens Glee Pekin Polk Township - Clyde Schleicher. . 0... 0.04. casus const eee pee Pekin Posey Township - Frank Cranes oii ce es ac oe ce sd oe wees Fredericksburg Vernon Township - M, Le Smedely.... ...... 0 ese cae des cee ee Smedley Washington Township - Lemmuel' Purlee.. .. 2.4060 +5 eee wen on Salem

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Have delighted scores of Washington County households with their durability and decorative effects. KURFAGITE for your furniture, GRANITOID for the floors, ART PAPERS for the walls and KURFEE'S PAINTS for the outside.

We Guarantee Senega Gameras

Gome in and see the FOLDING SCOUT or the BOY SGOUT BOX GAMERAS, $2.00 to $50.00, and every one guaranteed, Also a full line of photographic supplies, FLASHLIGHTS and BATTERIES, FISHING TACKLE, BASE BALL GOODS and outing specialties.

Brushes, Gombs, Baby Sets, Toilet Waters, Perfumes

Our line of FRENCH IVORY is the most complete in town. Our gift line also includes TOILET SETS, MILITARY BRUSHES, MANICURING SETS, BRUSHES, GOMBS, BABY SETS, TOILET WATERS, PERFUMES, PIPES and CIGARS.

Initial Stationery And Gards Our Sghool Supplies

Include every thing needed by TEACHER or PUPIL. See us for LAIRD & LEE'S WEBSTER'S NEW STANDARD DICTIONARIES. They have Washington Gounty's official stamp of approval.

Double Disc Records

Our Corsets are guaranteed to wear one year. We have a model for every figure. | We guarantee each garment to fit. | Your corset is made to your measurements. | If not already a customer, give our corset a trial.

Lillian Clarke Weaver

Our stock of MILLINERY is always complete. We are showing all the latest styles in | popular priced materials. We assure every customer the very best service. Before purchasing give us a call.

Place

Our stock is clean and up-to-date. Will be the best this fall it ever was. We try to give you the best goods that money can buy at the price.

Apple Specialty Co South Side Of Square

| We keep everything that is usually kept ina 1oc store. Nothing over loc. By buying in large quantities, we are able to give you a much larger and better article for 10c than other people can give you that are not in the same line of business.

Salem, Indiana

We discharge the duties of the profession with Skz//, Promptness and Delicacy. We perfect all arrangements and superintend interments in all cemeteries.

Dealer In

For the most beautiful and durable Heaters and Ranges see S. B. Hosss, who is the agent for the celebrated Globe Ranges and Stoves. World's Best. We have over two hundred satisfied customers using them,

We make a'specialty of Hot Air heating. Trustees wanting Heaters or Hot Air Furnaces for school buildings, should see us. Parties wanting a Hot Air Furnace will profit by calling on us before purchasing. We are agents for Furnaces that were awarded the first premium at the World's Fair.

North Side Of Public Square Salem, Indiana

small. @Also, we furnish Grave Vaults, Curbing, Steps, Hitching Posts, Flagging for Walks, Cistern and Well Tops, and in fact anything in cut or rough stone.

H. W. Tipps Store

And see how we are absolutely ready to supply you with Fall Clothes, hundreds of Quality garments in every good weave, every new pattern, every correct style, for men, young men and

EVERYTHING FoR Tp. OrFices, Roaps AND ScHOOLS Domestic Science and Manual Training Equipment J. P. SUPPLIES. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL APPARATUS. PRIMARY SUPPLIES Standard Clean Air Heaters. Wayne Sanitary School Cars SEESAMPLESOF EVERY THINGIN OUR SAMPLE ROOM BEFORE BUYING. WESTRIVE TO PLEASE The House of Quality and Prompt Shipments

School Kitch En Textbook

[Tt HAS a complete modern course planned for one year with two lessons a week. There are 59 lessons on cooking and food groups, and 82 pages (20 chapters) on

Spiceland, Indiana

To do the right thing, at the right time, in the right way. To do some things better than they were ever done before. To eliminate errors, and to anticipate requirements. To act from reason rather than rule. To work for the good of our customers and to be satisfied with nothing short of perfection.

The Pekin Roller Mills Salem Flour, Grain And Food Exchange

7 41 B ° B k By N. MOORE BANTA and ©. DrTOWTE BOOKS atrua Banta BENSON THE BROWNIE PRIMER. Grade 1. Intended as a first book for children beginning to read. The familiar Brownie characters in telling their stories just as children would tell them, in joining in the child's chosen activities furnish subject matter of the most interesting kind. The vocabulary is simple.

THE SECOND BROWNIE BOOK, Grades 1-2. This follows the plan of the author's first book, "The Brownie Primer," but is not dependent upon it in any way. THE BROWNIES AND THE GOBLINS. Grade 3. Children who have read "The Brownie Primer" and "Second Brownie Book" will welcome with delight this third appearance of their old friends and the Gray Goblins. Together they have

Because

BECAUSE We can and do sell the best qualities for less. We buy our goods in enormous quantities and get the advantage of the very lowest prices, and in consequence sell for less.

BECAUSE - - Our stocks are most varied and you can get from us almost anything you want in the lines of Hardware, Building Materials, Stoves, Ranges, Furnaces, Gasoline Engines, Cream Separators, Cutlery, Bath Room Supplies, Pumps, Pump Jacks, Churns, Tinware, Wooden Ware, Tubs, Buckets, Ladders, Cream Cans, Cooling Cans, etc., and many other useful articles that a visit to our mammoth establishment would convince you that we are able to supply your wants in the many lines to your entire satisfaction in the matter of

We Have Recently Installed An Up-To-Date Tin Shop

Where we are prepared to do Tin Roofing, Galvanized Roofing, Guttering, Spouting and all kinds of Repair Work. Also build special Tin and Galvanized Work to your order - and our prices are as low as the lowest.

It is an accepted truism in business circles, that A Pleased Customer is the Best Kind of an Advertisement. It is also true that THE BIG STORE wishes to make the first sale to you the beginning of your patronage with us instead of the end. To this end we realize that we must and do sell you goods of merit and at prices that are less.

Hauger & Alexander

Building Materials, Builders' Hardware, Tools, Cutlery, Shingles, Metal Roofings and Rubber Roofings of all descriptions. COAL, LIME, SAND, CEMENT, LATHS. DeLaval Separators. Gasoline Engines is becoming more and more powerful as a means of bringing facts before young people. In Professor Mace's Revised book for history teachers this feature has attracted widespread attention. In states the Elementary School Journal, University of Chicago. Continuing it says: "The major part of this section deals with the materials for picturemaking. It is not a discussion of illustrative materials as the heading might indicate, but a program for history in the grades based on the psychological doctrine that history should lead to the development of mental pictures.

University of Chicago it is this same suggestion, sentation in map work, - that is making such a sensation in the map world. Here essentials stand out with a vividness that is striking.

"T have studied the map with regard to both general and detailed aspects, and am convinced that it is the best. In fact I do not believe that in our present state of knowledge a better map could be made."

Undertaking And Embalming

Cuts the thread of life the undertaker must be called. His services are absolutely necessary The laws of health and the state demand that certain things be done at once. We give immediate attention to all calls and are prepared to carry out instructions with strict regard to details. " Study, training and experience has given us a thorough knowledge of UNDERTAKING AND EMBALMING

Price 40 Cts, Price 40 Cts. Price 40 Cts. ' Cloth 40 Cts

This book contains 164 pages, over 300 illustrations, and covers every phase of the engraving question as it would interest the staff of a college or school publication. Tull description and information as to how to obtain a copy sent to any one interested.

We make a Specialty of Halftones, Color Plates, Zine Etchings, Designing, Etc. For College and High School Annualsand Periodicals. Also fine copper plateand steel die embossed stationery as

Source changes here: from Centennial History of Washington County, Indiana : Its People, Industies and Institutions : with Biographical Sketches of Representative Citizens and Genealogical Records of Many of the Old Families, by Stevens, Warder William, published 1916; 4,239 words in this source stream.

Howard Township

Wliep the townships of the county were arranged so as to make the congressional and civil townships correspond as nearly as possible Howard township was made just the same as the congressional. It was named in honor of Gov. T. A. Howard, of Indiana. Along the streams that crossed the township there was heavy timber, but the greater part of it was an open country and there being no springs it was slow in settling up. Ponds could be started in the basins, and water could readily be found by sinking wells, but the early settler was not inclined to enter lands where there was no living springs, until all other lands were appropriated. The prairie lands produced lots of grass and abundance of snakes. There were a great many rattlers and copperheads. It was an excellent range for deer in summer and fall, and when a fox hunter desired to have a good chase he invariably went to the "barrens."

Before the coming of the white man this land was burned over every fall or spring, thus making it impossible for trees to get a start. After the burning was stopped a heavy growth of black jack and red oak sprang up, and some of these trees are now three feet in diameter, the growth of a century. About 1845 cisterns began to be made and soon came into general use as a water supply for household i>urposes.

Among the very first settlers in this county, and the first in Howard township, were the Becks, who figured very prominently in every enterprise or move that furthered the de\eloi)ment of the county. George Beck, St., was a Re\-olutionary soldier of considerable note on account of his bravery and daring ad\entures. In bis old days he took great pleasure in relating incidents connected with his army life. He lived in Brown county, North Garolina, and fought all through the Revolutionary War, always insisting that no British bullet could hit him. and they never did. In every engagement he was in, he was always found in the thickest of the fight, and always came out imscratched. Upon one occasion the patriots and the British occui)ied different sides of the Yadkin river, in the Old North State, and George Beck concluded he nuist capture a prisoner. Pickets were posted by each army along the banks of the stream, and Beck's comrades endeavored to dissuade him from the rash attempt, but to no purpose. He got a canoe, and with some assistance they carried it some distance up the stream and launching it. Beck floated gently down the stream in the darkness, until he had passed the outlying pickets when he slowly drew near the shore, and landed among some underbrush. Fastening his canoe he stole stealthily up the bank, when he halted, and presently a sentinel passed within a few feet of him making his rounds to see that "all was well.'' As he passed Beck arose and with a club felled him on the spot, tied and gagged him, took him to the canoe and carried him to the .\merican lines. Of course he was the hero of that day.

At another time, it was desirable ti^ know how luany British troops were encamped in a certain place, and Beck volunteered to find out. Under the cover of night, and with the craft of a border spy, he penetrated their camp, went all through it while the troops slept, passed the lines of the sentinels and returned to the patriot forces undiscoxered. Beck was at the battle of Tipjjecanoe, where he ranked as major, and his bravery in that fight was highly commended.

The Bf.Cks Arrive Ix Howard Towx.Ship

Beck came west with his family in the fall of 1807, and they made their first stop at Bear Grass, in what is now Louisville. From what he could learn the most desiral>le location for an emigrant lay across the ri\er along the \'incennes trail, accordingly, on the 25th of December, accompanied by his two sons. John and George, Jr., they crossed the river below the falls, and started out on the old trail in search of a new home. \A'hen thev reached the top of the knobs they left the trail and bore off to the northwest, until they arrived at a point on Blue river, in section ,^i, nn lands afterwarik entered by David \'oyles, who lived there until he was more than ninetv years old. Here they built a temporary shelter beneath a huge elm tree and with an ax, the only tool they cnmnianded, proceeded to erect a cibin, which being completed the\- went back to Kentuckx- and brought out the rest of the family, and the)- were soon housed in their new home.

They had no money, InU ;l11 hands went to hunting and trapping and they soon had enough coon skins ;md other ]>elts to make a load for their horse, and these they carrie<l back to Louisville and exchanged them for cornmeal and ammunition. The boys would start out with their guns, dogs and axes ;ind be gone several da\> at a time hunting the furrv coon, and taking in a bear occasionally. In one of these hunts they discovered what is now "Organ spring," so named because of the fact that as it poured out of a cave it made a noise resembling an organ. The elder Beck inspected this site for a mill seat, but it wasn't exactly to his liking. He was particularly anxious to find a good location for a mill, well knowing that a mill put in operation would not only put a stop to long trips to Louisville for breadstuff, but besides would be a paying investment.

In another hunt shortly afterwards the boys came across another cave spring in section ii, Howard township, some six miles northeast of their first location. This, when passed upon by the elder George, was pronounced ideal, for the proposed mill site, and arrangements were accordingly made to move up to it. They had cleared up about ten acres of land, around the spot where the first cabin was built, which was planted to corn, but as early in the spring of 1808 as work could be started, the mill was begun. There had been an old Indian village a short distance below the mill site, at the mouth of Mill creek, and several acres of land had been cleared up by the redskins, and this, too, was planted to corn. In the rich alluvial soil of that (lav corn required very little cultivation.

A Much-Needed Mill

The first work done at the mill was to put up a cabin, which was completetl in March, and work was pushed on the mill as rapidly as possible. A set of buhrs was procured at Louisville and the services of a mill-wright, named Canada, were secured to assist in planning in putting the mill in operation. An overshot water wheel was made, to which the water was conveyed by means of large poplar troughs, chipped out with axes. By the time corn was hard enough to grind in the fall of 1808 the mill was finished, the first one in the county, or within a radius of thirty or forty miles.

There was then not a single settler between the Hill and Royse's Lick. There was a small settlement near where Hardinsburgh now stands. The luaiL-st neighl)or was a man named Wilcox, who had settled on Bear creek, somr ciijht miles southeast on the Greenville road. Jacob Click was the fn>t (.inner in the neiijhborhood who settled in section i, in Howard township. Anicis \\ ri^Tht came in 1809 and .settled at a spring a short distance east tit the Hill. He was one of the earliest preachers of the Independent Baptist--, hut would never ])reach a funeral sermon, .saying that he "preached (37)

In the summer of 1810 there were quite a number of new settlers located in the immediate vicinity of the new mill. Thomas Green was a preacher in the Church of Christ of this vicinity in the early days. He also operated a distillery in connection with his water mill - a striking combination of pursuits, but not considered incongruous in his day. A wag of the neighborhood, by the name of Absalom Charles, composed the following stanza concerning him :

A school house was erected in the fall of 181 1. In 181 2 the Indians became troublesome and two forts were built, one on the hill south uf the mill, the other on the point just east of the mill. Militia companies were organized in every settlement in tht country where enough men could be collected together. John Beck, the eldest son of George Beck, commanded a company at Beck's Hill. Captain Bussy had another at Greenville and William Pitts another about Royse's Lick. These were the first to be organized in the county, up to 181 1. Two men were selected from each company to range over the countr}' west and northwest, on the lookout for war-like or thieving bands of Indians, and in case any were discovered to carry word to the settlements. They traveled in pairs, and ranged from the mouth of the Muscatatuck river to "Hindustan," a sort of fort at the falls or shoals down on White river.

Scouting For Indians

George Beck, Jr., and a man named Patterson were selected to represent the Beck's Hill company, and they put in the whole summer of 1812 ranging over the country. Fur this ser\ice they received nothing, until by an act of Congress, in 1850, they were allowed a land warrant for one hundred and sixty acres, almost forty years after they had put in their time in the service of their country-. While ranging in the spring of 18 13 near Guthrie creek, in what is now Lawrence county, the scouts came across signs of Indians, whom they rightlv judged were on the war-path. Indians all through the southern part of the state seemed to be determined to exterminate the whites along the frontiers that year, and it was only by vigilant watching that more serious troubles were avoided. Two better men than Beck and Patterson could not have been selected for scouting over the country, as they were good in woodcraft, never got lost, and were the equal of the red man in every way. They ascertained that the band was not a very large one, so they concluded to follow their trail. They did not travel far down Guthrie creek till they heard guns firing at a cabin where a man by the name of Flinn lived. The Indians beat a hasty retreat as soon as they discovered Beck and Patterson, but they had shot young Flinn in the left breast, the ball coming out just beside the backbone. His father they carried away prisoner, whom they kept till the following August, when he managed to escape. A silk handkerchief was pulled through the wound young Flinn had received, to clean it out, as was the custom in those days, but he lived but a few hours.

The settlement was soon in arms, and headed by the two scouts, were soon in pursuit of the savages, but they were never overtaken. The township of Flinn, in Lawrence county, was named for this unfortunate settler. Some time later four big braves came to the settlement about Becks, and professed great friendship for their "white brothers." They were given plenty to eat and were loaded up with meal at the mill. They left very suddenly in the night, each one taking a fine horse. Among these was a mare that George Beck, Sr., prized very highly. A half dozen men lost no time in taking up their trail, it not being a very difficult matter to keep track of the horses. The Indians were overtaken about ten miles north of the Muscatatuck river. The Indians saw that it was useless to make any resistance to their captors, and began to plead innocence of any theft, insisting that the horses had followed them without any fault of theirs. One Indian, in order to make a strong and clear case of it, declared that his horse was the "sweetheart" of Beck's mare. The horses were recovered and the thieving savages were allowed to go their way without punishment.

As late as 1812 there were some little bands of Delaware Indians that still tented up Mill creek, a few miles above Beck's mill. Two of them were "medicine men," and they used roots and herbs as well as Indian psychology in the healing of ills. In the summer of 1811 a man named Nugent was kicked by a horse and seemed to be badly injured internally, and beside had his jawbone broken. Dr. Simeon Lamb, of Royse's Lick, was called. It happened that the two Indian doctors were at the Hill when

Doctor Lamb came. They looked on with stoHd indifference while Lamb made an examination of his patient. After a diagnosis of the case, Lamb pronounced the injury fatal and said Xugent would die before morning, and that it was no use to give him treatment or unnecessary pain. After Lamb had left, one of the Indians, clad in his leggings, beaded moccasins, and blanket, turned to Beck and asked: "Is that your big medicine?" Upon being informed that it was, the Indian continued : "And he says white man die before sun up." An affirmative answer was given, when the Indian asked: "Why did not big medicine man set bone?" and the reply was, that it would be of no use as he would die anyway. The Indian then said: "White man not die. When sun up. top of trees: Indian come; Indian can fix him; will not fix him till white man say he die." An eiYort was made to get the Indian to treat him then, by using entreaties and offering presents, but he stubbornly refused to touch Nugent until the time expired when Lamb said he would be dead. Shortly after sunrise, the following morning, the two Indians were on hand and Nugent still lived. They set his jaw-bone and bandaged it up, and then applied their medicaments to the injured parts of his body, and in a few days had the man up and on the road to s'peedv recovery.

Indian Medicine-Men

About that same time Major Beck took the flux, and was so bad that a doctor was brought out from Louisville to attend him ; but Beck made no improvement and after he had suff'ered eighteen days the doctor gave him up to die and returned to Louisville. The old Indian had been watching the case but said nothing until after the doctor had gone, when he went to Beck's cabin and intiuired aliout his "white brother." and after eliciting the facts in the case, he straightened himself up and remarked: "\'ery poor big medicine man no cure Beck ; Indian cure soon." He went directly to the woods and shortly returned with a lot of roots and Viark and a double handful of blackl)erries. He made Beck eat the 1> his root tea, and it was Imt a few days till the singing the ]irai'<e.-- nf his redskin healer. The this was the onl\' gnod Indian he ever knew.

which the old fellow pretended had been stolen from him by the settlers. The writing had been done by some white man, but the paper did not say who. Beck read it over carefully, and told the Indian he knew nothing of his horse; neither had any of the settlers seen it when inquiry was made. The Indian became angry and retorted to Major Beck, "Maybe lie." A man named Fluster stood by and said with a big oath, "Major, why don't you knock the redskin down?" Beck said they'd better let the old fellow go on his way without any .serious trouble. The Indians then left for a few days, but returned. Beck was killing hogs at the time and the two Indians stood around looking on. i\fter a while George. Jr., missed his knife and told his "daddy," and he said to the old Indian, "Your boy has got my boy's knife." The young redskin denied it. Presently all parties went into the fort except \oung George and the Indian boy. Beck accused him again of having his knife, and the Indian again denied it. Beck knew the boy had it and was determined that he should not get away with it, so he sprang upon the young Indian and they had quite a scramble for a time, but Beck floored him, jerked of^" his l)elt and leggings and found his knife, then giving him a few kicks told him to be gone at once, and never show his face again on the Hill. The boy gathered up his things as quickly as possible, and calling his father, they both left the country for good.

There was a white man named McCullough who was a preacher among the Indians, had a squaw tor ;i wife, and was a chief, as he was always at the Indian councils and a speaker and prominent man among them. He often accompanied George Beck, Jr., on his scouts and hunts, and married Beck to his wife in 1814. He was last heard of among the Ox tribe in Gibson township when the\- left the country.

George Beck. Jr. (he also had a son (leorge), was a powerful man. 1 Ic was over si.\ feet and straight a^ an arrow. In his latter days his beard reached down to his waist antl was as white as snow. He was the leading hunter in the count}-, and wheuex'er an\one found a b-ear in a cave Beck was sent for to get him out. He could tell uKjre bear stories than anybody, and this interested his hearers. .Some of his exploits in hunting will be ^i\i.-n. In iS(],x, when the mill was to be raised at the Hill, some meat had to be proxiijed for the wurknten, most of whom were to come from about Ko\-.e'- I.ick. So Major I'.eck took George and went back west to kill a Inirk \\ lien about three mile- out thev found a large tree that had blown over and they got on this to rccunnoiter. They soon discovered two deer a few hundred yards away, one big buck playing around in the hazel brush. The Major told George to remain in the tree top and he would make a circuit around and probab'y start them towards his hiding place, and if they came that way to make a sure shot on the big felluw. I'resently the boy heard the report of his father's gun and saw the deer jump up lugh in the air and then make right for the tree where George was. As he came on at full speed, snorting and shaking hi> tail, George knew he was wounded. George took good aim, but his gun in the pan." and failed to go off, when the deer saw hnn and turned in another direction. The Major got in another shot, but the deer would not fall. They tracked him some distance by the blood, but did not come up with him. Young George wanted to go home and get the dogs, but the Major insisted that they would soon find him, and sure enough they did, in a big bunch of grass, mortally wounded. The deer could go no farther, and was soon finished. They then had meat and to spare for the mill raising. The buck had eiKirmous horns having eight points mi them.

George and John Pieck, the two l)<i\s, started out coon hunting nm- night, and the dogs treed sometb.ing in a huge poplar tree, too l)ig to cut down. The tree was hollow and showed signs of bear. They set to work to smoke out whatever there was. They had a big pack of dogs along that kept up a terrible barking. Shortly after the fire was started they heard a rumbling and snorting inside, and in a few minutes a bear crawled out on a large limb. Now, a bear does not come down a tree gradually, but let> all holds go when in a hurry and tumble^ down. John concluded to take u shot at the bear in the dark, and blazing aw.i\- lie tool< him through the fore leg. when down only thing then was to carr\- him iKniie. .i diMancv -miie f.inr miles, which took them most of the night. I'.tit there w.i^ an abinidanee of meat and oil in the house for a coujile of weeks. T.ear's <iil was flicn sax'ed n|) for cooking juirposes and to burn in their lani]is.

In the fall of 1808 the Beck boys started out on a hunt, and when down on section 25, the dogs ran something into a cave. They were not prepared with lights so as to enter the cave at the time, concluding if it was a bear's den he would keep. They were sure it was either bear or wolves that inhabited the cavern. The boys heard of the Indians capturing some bear down the river, so on Christmas day they started out, and their dogs again ran something into the cave, but they could not be induced to enter it. The boys concluded to go in and see what could be found. On all hunting trips they carried a tinder box equipped with the usual supply of flints, steel, punk or scorched linen. With torch lighted and guns cocked they went in. As they turned at a short angle they discovered the bear lying in his waller. John took the first shot while George held the light. It was not a dead shot, for the liear shulfled ahead of them and curled up in a close corner, where the boys were afraid to enter. They could still see him and another bullet put an end to the bear. With forked sticks twisted into his fur they succeeded in dragging him out of his den, and when he was dressed he weighed over four hundred pounds.

An Interesting Foot Race

In the summer of 1856 George Beck was in Salem talkmg over old times with Le\-i Wright, both being about sixty-five years old. Wright was boasting about still being nuich of a man, and finally challenged Beck to a foot race from the public square down to the railroad station. Beck agreed to run, and each was to go "barefoot." The bet was a dollar, and the parties were to take any part of the street or sidewalk they liked. Judges were selected ;md stationed at lioth starting and ending points of race. Boh AIcKinney was to ;i.ct as starter and stakeholder. All being in readiness the hat was dropped and away they went. Wright was quickest and took tlie lead and started down the east side of the street, while Beck took the center of the street. As Wright got opposite a blacksmith shop that stood about half way down the street he struck some sharp cinders that caused him to slacken his gait, and while he was trying to avoid the cinders he vtunihled and fell. Before he could straighten himself out again Beck lia<l t;iken the lead with his loping gait, which he kept up steadily and won out h\- ten feet, and got the stake, which was' soon spent and the old fellows ni.-ule merry and put in the rest of the day talking over old times anew.

Games At The Old Mill

Beck's Hill was a great sporting place in early (.lays. People came there from all parts of Wq country to get bread stuff. They came from parts as far north as Gosport with their grist to grind. Often they would have to wait two or three days for their "turn." and to amuse themselves horse racing, gander pulling, foot races and shooting matches were indulged in. There was always a shooting match arranged for Saturdays, and good marksmen would come in regularly to test their skill. A few who were crack shots were barred from participating in these matches, otherwise the average fellow stood no show and would not "chip in" to buy the turkeys or fatted calf. A strong effort was made to ha\e the county seat located at the Hill, but the commissioners, after viewing the site, concluded the land was too rough and too far from the center of the c(ninty. Beck always said the reason they chose the site in the forks of Brock creek and Royse's fork was on account of the many springs of good water that were then all along the banks of the two streams.

In the summer of 1809 a saw-mill was put in operation in Howard township, the first one to be started in the county. The first grist-mill was a log structure fifteen feet square. In the summer of 1825 a frame building, twenty by thirty feet, took the place of the old log building, and in 1864 a commodious, two-story frame was built. In 1827 a lean-to was built and a carding machine was put in operation. When the two-story mill was built the carding machinery was placed in the second story. This mill is still in good condition and is now operated by Alerrit Beck.