Jackson Township (part 1 of 2)

Jackson Township

Jackson township is bounded on the north by Elkhart, west by Union, south by Van Buren, in Kosciusko county, and on the east by Benton. This township may be divided into three sections, by the Elkhart river, and Turkey creek, viz. : eastern, middle and western. The eastern comprises Elkhart Prairie, where the first settlement in the township was made by Col. John Jackson, from whom it derives its name, who was sent here to disperse the Indians. Mr. Jackson being pleased with the face of the country, selected for his future home a large tract of land situated in what is now designated as sections 1 and 2. After succeeding in his undertaking, he returned home, and in January of 1829 came again to Indiana, bringing his family with him ; but finding that Messrs. Riggs and Simpson, with their families, had obtained possession of the site he offered them $50 for their rights, which they took and relinquished to him their rights they had acquired by virtue of their squatter's claim.

Immediately following Mr. Jackson's settlement came Mr. Thompson Weybright and Rippey, all of whom settled in the eastern division or on the east side of the river.

The next settlements were made in the middle division, or between the Elkhart river and Turkey creek, in the northern part of the township, called the " Barrens." We find settling here Mr Steward, John Rohrer, David Rodibaugh, Jonathan Wyland, Benjamin Bennett, Daniel Studebaker, Ingle, Allen Conley and Thomas Hall. About this time came Enoch Wright, Abshire Ilerriman and others. Of this number there are but two living; Benjamin Bennett and Frederick Herriman.

This division comprises more than two-thirds of the entire township, and in it we find the old Huntington road running northeast and southwest through the eastern part of the township and intersecting the State road in the extreme southern part of Elkliart township. This road was surveyed that a mail route might be had from Huntington to Chicago. The State road, also in this division pursues a direct southern course, after entering the township, to (999)

New Paris, and then makes a jog for about 20 rods to the west, when it assumes a southerh' direction for one-half mile, when it angles to the southwest. This was the first laid-out road in the township, and was surve\'ed bj' Mr. Crawford, Mr. Thomas Hall . piloting him from Logansport to Goshen.

The western division comprises nearly one-fourth of the township. Here we find Samuel Whitehead, Peter Whitehead, John Whitehead, Adam Whitehead, David Miller, John Miller and Coonrod Broombaugh, settling as early as 1S31 and '2. Of these all are living except two: Samuel Whitehead and Coonrod Broombaugh. This is known as the " Whitehead settlement."

We will, for convenience, make another division in the extreme southern part of the township. Between the State road and Turkey creek, extending north about one mile, is a section of country known as the '' Southern Barrens." Here we find settling at a very early date: Thomas Hall, Henry Mathews, Inks, John Mathews, Philip Mathews, Daniel Brown, David McGority, James Drake, Bennett, and the Clarks (two brothers and sister), James McGloud and others, all of whom are deceased, except John Mathews, James McCloud and Miss Clark. Tiie last-named is now in Ireland, where she has gone to seek her last resting-place. She has attained a good old age, and will soon pass away; but her name will remain in history for all time to come.

The roads in this township, with the exception of the State and Huntington, are accommodation roads, never haviug been surveyed; nor have there been petitions for the same. The early settlers of the township knowing that roads would be required, have left open to the public their fields, and by custom out of the mind of man, the roads have acquired their legal supremacy; and although they are rather arbitrary in direction, there can be found no better roads in the State, so far as travel is concerjied.

From good and reliable sources we have been informed that before Col. Jackson settled in this township Thomas Hall, a native of Ohio, settled on the Southern Barrens. But very little is known of Mr. Hall's location or of his burial place; but undoubtedly he peacefully slumbers beneath the soil that grows the wheat of which the bread is made that sustains the life of some younger man that has not as yet heard that there ever was such a personage as Thomas Hall.

rolling prairie land, while iu the southeastern, a section densely timbered and moderately undulating, with sufficient sand intermingled with the soil to obviate the sticky black mud found in Illinois; in the central part we find the barren lands, which undulate just enough to convex' the water from the laud. In the western part we find a repetition of those in the eastern and middle. In this township is found the highest eminence in the county, Buzzards Hill. From its summit can be seen the court-house in Goshen as well as every town in the county.

in ISoti Solomon's Greek Church was organized with Fredrick P. Loehr and Martin Weybriglit as ministers, and Jacob Arnold, John "Weybriglit, Joel Rush and Levi Wyland deacons. In the year I85S Daaiel Shively was chosen to the ministry, and in 1862, F. P. Loehr was ordained elder. After the Church was organized, the meetings were held in barns, school-liouses and private dwellings until 18(54, when the members built one of the largest meeting-houses in ^STortliern Indiana. This was at a time when volunteers for the war were exhausted and drafts became necessary; consequently commutation money in connection with the expense of building a house of worship taxed the members very heavily and was a source of some annoyance; but they paid the debt, and now the Church has no obligation which she is unable to meet. Just about the time the house was completed, in 186i, Martin Weybright was called to enjoy the reward of his labors upon earth, never having been permitted to worship in the new church; and early in 1865, F. P. Loehr moved to Michigan, leaving Daniel Shively alone in the ministry until June. 1866, when George W. Cripe was chosen minister.

In the latter part of the same year Peter Ilammon moved into the Church and remained about a year, when he moved away. In 1867 Joseph Hardman and Geo. Domer moved in, and in 1868 Lewis Muntz was chosen to the ministry. The same year Geo. W. Cripe moved into another district. In 1869 Jesse Calvert was received by letter of recommendation, and in 1871 Joseph Ilardman moved away and Joseph Ilartsough was received by letter of recommendation. In 1872 Abraham L. Neff was chosen to the ministry, and in 187-3 Geo. Domer moved away and David Yaunce moved into the district, and in 1876

Joseph Havtsough moved away, so that in 1S77 the ministers were Daniel Shively, Lonis Montz, A. L. Xeff and David Yaunce. Jan. 3, 1S7S, Daniel Sliively was ordained to the eldership and G. H. Warstler chosen to the ministry.

To the deacons already named there were added by choice in 1856 Daniel Shively, and soon after David Coy. In 18.58, as before stated, Daniel Shively was chosen to the ministry, and in 1860 Josiah Sensburger and Ashley Furgeson were chosen deacons. In 1861 Levi "VVyland moved away and Eli Myers was chosen, and in 1863 he departed tliis life; and in 1861 Josiah liensbiiroer and Ashley Furgeson moved away, and the same year Geo. W. Gripe, Elias Cline and Geo. Smith were chosen. In 1865 Geo. Smith moved away and Christian Harshman was received by letter of recommendation. In 1866 Geo. W. Cripe was chosen minister, and Daniel Forney moved into the district, and in 1867, John Arnold and Cyrus Lentz were chosen. In 1869 Jacob Arnold departed this life, and the same year Joseph Lantzenheiser and John Kobwevon moved into the district, and in 1870 Eli Harter also moved in. In 1872 Christian Harshman was disabled by a stroke of paralysis, and the same year Cyrus Leutz moved away. In 1873 Joel Rush died, and Joseph Lantzenheiser and Eli Harter moved away, and in 1871 Michael Treesti and J. H. Wars tier were chosen, which was the last choice held for Church servants, either ministers or deacons, until 1878, when Daniel Shively was ordained to the eldership and G. H.Warstler chosen to the ministry. In 1876 Cyrus Leutz was received back by letter of recommendation, making at present 10 deacons, as follows: John Weybright, Daniel Forney, Christian Harshman (disabled), John Arnold. David Coy, Elias Cline, John Robinson and Warstler.

By recapitulation we lind that in all 13 ministers and 21 deacons served in the Church since its organization, making a total of 33. Of these it will be seen that when the Church was organized there were two ministers, four were ordained and six received by letter of recommendation. Of deacons, four when organized, 12 chosen and five by letter of recommendation; there died of this number two ministers, viz.: Martin Weybright and Joseph Hardman; the latter died about the year 1875 in another arm of the Church, and three deacons, Eli Myers, Jacob Arnold and Joel Rush, five in all, leaving 28 as so many monnments of God's mercy.

Methodist Episcopal Ohubch

As early as 1830 we find Methodist missionary ministers in the township working in the Lord's vineyard. The names of these pioneer ministers have been forgotten. The first class was organized about 1S32 near Mr.MatthewIiippey's on the east side of the river and to this class Mr. and Mrs. liippey belong, with four other families. About 1850 this little band was transferred to Benton town, where they increased in numbers with a corresponding increase in wealth, until thej' considered themselves sufficiently able to build a church, which was completed about 1856, and since that time they have been a very prosperous people, doing an immense amount of good, holding successful revival meetings every winter, and thus adding to their number hundreds since the erection of their church. Of the old pioneers who belonged in 1S56, none are left e.x:cept Mr. and Mrs. Eippey, the others having been called into fields beyond the river, and they, too, soon must go, as the harvest is now ready and more reapers are required ; but they do not hesitate, as they have been faithful here and their reward is awaiting them there.

The next class organized in the township was at McCloud's in the extreme southern part of the town. At this place, as early as 1832, directly after the arrival of Mr. McCloud, we find Methodist gatherings at his house, which was built of logs, and stood at the south end of the house now owned by Thomas Clayton ; here, in harmony and unison, were met once a week the little band of sis or eight, and would consume an hour or so in communing with their God, and among them are remembered the names of James Mc- Cloud and wife, the two Mr. Clarks and sister.

After this class had increased in membership and wealth they determined on building a church, and the question ai-ose as to the most favorable place. At length they chose as a site the little village ot Milford, in Kosciusko county, and there they erected a church, an honor to the memory of the original little band of sis nr eight.

In thesoutiieastern part of the township, near Eenforour's, there was another small class and they built a church in ISTew Paris, the only one in the township, and to-day we find a large and appreciative audience in attendance every Sunday. ISTote the contrast of 50 years ago, when in barns, school-houses and private houses little bauds were gathered together to worship unmolested, and with the privilege of shouting if they desired. Not so to-day, but on the contrary we find those opposed to such demonstrations.

About 1S34 the first school held in the township was in an old lu£^ school-house about one-half mile north of New Paris. The school was opened in the winter and closed in the summer. The attendance was very slim on account of work necessary to be done in order to maintain their families through the winter, and there were but a few families living in the neighborhood, the most of them living three and four miles away. The teacher's name could not be ascertained. Suffice it to say, he was a man of rare ability and a representative of those times. Immediately following the erection of the first log structure for school purposes, similar structures were put up in different parts of the township; and as soon as convenient frame structures took their place, and thus was crowded out the last vestige of old pioneer days; and for all the old log school-houses of early times are despised, yet they were the more healthful, and in a measure, perhaps, the more convenient. Modern improvement again encroachinsr, we find frame school buildings giving place to the large and commodious brick edifices, and as the years roll on and each succeeding one brings its round of improvement, it is hard to say what next in the line of school edifices will be sought out; but let it rest where it now is, and the steady advance of civilization will in the next 50 years surpass what it has accomplished in the last half century.

Prior to May, 1832, Jackson township was a part of Kosciusko county, but in May, 1832, there was a survey made, and Jackson township was formed, and has retained its present boundary since. Before its organization there was a school commissioner appointed by the county commissioner. David Podibaugh received the appointment as such oflicer in the fall of 1831, and held that office until the organization of the township.

Joseph Cowan was elected the first trustee. He also held the office of assessor and justice. Frederick Herriman i'was elected constable, which office he held for 10 years. Joseph Cline succeeded him and remained in the office for quite a number of years. Mr. Cowan was also the first postmaster, which office he held for a great number of years.

The Mills

The first mill in the township was built as early as 1S31 by Mr. Ingle, near the line between Benton and Jackson, which furnished the greater part of the lumber for the early settlers. Directly after the building of this saw-mill Mr. Wyland erected a saw-mill in the northern part of the township, and some years later a steam saw-mill was built in the southern part. Of these three mills two are in active operation, and owned by David Rodibaugh and Lutz, Mr. E.. owning the one in the northern part and Lutz the one in the southern. Although these mills have been built for a great many years, yet they are in very good condition, and do a great deal of business. In 1833 Mr. Ingle put in a corn burr and ran a saw-mill and grist-mill witli the same water-power. Soon after this Mr. Wyland built a regular grist-mill and did custom work for a great many years; after a number of years he sold out to Mr. Bainter, who operated it for some time. Becoming at length tired with the business he sold out to David Kodibaugh & Clark. Mr. Clark expressing a desire to engage in some other undertaking, Mr. Rodibaugh bought out his half interest, giving to his son, L. E. Rodibaugh, one-third interest.

Mr. Landgraver, livery-keeper in New Paris, is the owner of a sawmill in that place which does a good business. There are also in this little village two wagon shops and one of the largest elevators in the county, all doing a paying business; Messrs. Johnson & Son are men of business capacity and know just how to build up a grain trade.

Messrs. Rodibaugh & Son have a woolen factory, which is the only one in the county and perhaps the largest of its kind in Northern Indiana. Mr. Neilson, the foreman, a Scotchman by birth, is a man who has devoted his whole life to the business, and is thoroughly competent to manage the monster undertaking. Everything in the factory is in the best possible working condition. There are two sets of machinery in operation and one spinner with 240 spindles, and another with 300 ; one loom with a weaving capacity of 240 yards per day. These looms are operated entirely by women of experience. The dyeing is all done by steam, and the chemicals used would start quite a drug-store. Over 200 styles were made last year, and this year will exceed those figures. Thirty years ago the factory building was but 20xJ:0, and now we find a building 60x100 feet, with all the modern improvements. As we look back upon the rapid growth of the business, we cannot help but think that it is in a great measure owing to the ability of its managers, and not entirely to the increase of population.

Fifty years ago Jackson township was a timbered wilderness, but by the strong arm and ingenuity of man the majestic oak and the valuable walnut have been laid low. Then comes the building period, and log houses spring up as if by magic, with their large and comfortable iire-places with the andiron and crane and the monster back-log; and around these sat the hardy lads and rosy lasses dressed in their linsey-woolseys, watching the sparks as they are drawn up the spacious chimney, and on either side sits the father and mother winding yarn, while the tallow dip glimmers in the wind blowing through the cracks between the logs, the driving storm beats through the clapboard roof In the morning the undaunted family, seeing the cold snow upon everything, don their heaviest clothing for the day's duties, again to gather around the inviting fire-place at night. Such was life during the otherwise long and dreary years of the early growth of the West.

New Paris

This village is located on sections 9 and 10 in Jackson township. It was laid out in 1838 by Isaac Abshire and Enoch Wright. The latter had settled here in 1829; the former did not come to the county until 1831; and both came from Preble county, Ohio. James R. McCord surveyed the town.

New Paris has several stores and the usual mechanics, and is particularly noted for the manufacture of wagons and carriages. The construction of the C, W. & M. railroad added much to the prosperity of the town, and was the cause of other improvements. A large saw-mill is cutting up thousands of logs every season. Johnson & Son purchase large quantities of wheat and other produce for shipment, and are also doing a banking business. The town has a fine brick school-building, and there is an average of a hundred'pupils attending the school.

The first settler in ISTew Paris was Frederick Harriman. He built the first house, a double log-cabin, on the lot where Abe Strohm now resides. He also erected a shop on the site now occupied by Strohrn's store, in which he manufactured spinning wheels.

The first dry-goods store was owned and conducted by David Parrot, a former citizen of Goshen. He removed West a number of years ago, and has grown wealthy.

The first hotel was built and kept by T. Divinnie, who was also the first village tailor. He was a mechanic of no mean pretension, and has long since passed to the other shore.

W. C. Matchett was the first physician of the town, and it is no disparagement to others who have resided here in the same capacity, to say that he was the peer of any of them.

The first divine of this place was the Rev. Mr. Hall, a pioneer preacher of the M. E. Church, who was sent here as a missionary, and preceded the Rev. G. M. Boyd.

The first postmaster was Jacob McFaddeu, and tradition says that the mail was kept in a bowl in the cupboard. Mr. McFadden removed to Kansas, where he became one of the first martyrs to that insatiate tyrant. Slavery. During the turbulent days of 1856, he was set upon by ruffians and murdered in his own house, which was reduced to ashes, his remains sharing the same fate, - all in consequence of iiis advocacy of free-soil principles.

Since the construction of the C, W. & M. railroad, JNew Paris has become quite a shipping point. Johnson & Son, the proprietors of the grain elevator and warehouse, have purchased grain and clover seed as follows, during the year ending Nov. 29, 1879: wheat, 183,614 bushels: corn, 25,585 bushels; oats, 12,822 bushels; clover seed, 7.701- bushels; paying out for the same, $225,824. The total disbursements of this firm, for the year ending as above stated, including general banking business, amounted to nearly half a million of dollars.

Among the business men of Elkhart county, none have had more signal success in the mercantile line than Mr. Abe Strohm, of jSTew Paris, the leading merchant of the village. Mr. Strohm was born in the township of Uxbridge. Upper Canada, on the 11th of March, 1839. When he was but two months old his parents moved to Indiana, where his mother died. He was taken to Canada again at the age of eight years, when he was left to make his own living. Many times young Strohni felt the pangs of hunger and cold in that icy country, but he bore his lot with that pluck and determination to make his way in the world that lias characterized his business life in later years. He again moved to Elkhart county in 1852, where alternately he was engaged in farming and teaching in Union township till 1870, when he became a resident of jSTew Paris. About this time he became partially blind, but still his courage did not forsake him. He clerked for a while, was frugal and careful, and in 1875 commenced business for himself with a wagon-load of goods. He fostered his business carefully, and now has one of the largest and most complete establishments in Northern Indiana. He sells dry goods, boots, shoes and groceries, the diflerent lines being kept in departments by themselves. He enjoys a very large trade, extending over a large territory. This short sketch would be incomplete in one of its most important particulars did we not refer to Mrs. Strohm, who has been a most excellent helpmeet to her husband, assisting in the management of the business with skill and tact. Mr. Strohm is a firm believer in the efficacy of printers' ink. and is a careful and judicious advertiser. He commenced life in the most abject poverty, and while nearly blind, has placed himself, while on the sunny-side of 40, in easy circumstances, with ample means for a rainy day. Verily, his life is a shining example for poor boys of the present day, who are possessed of pluck and honesty, to study and follow.

O-Nos-See

A large Pottawatomie village stood on what is now the farm of John E. Thompson, in Jackson tp., which was the residence of the chief 0-nox-see, or The Five Medals. In 1812 the Indians laid siege to Fort Wayne, and the savages were dispersed in September of that year by troops under General Harrison. One of the detachments of the troops, under Capt. Samuel Wells, of Kentucky, moved from Fort Wayne toward 0-nox-see's village, crossing the river at a point near the present village of Benton; but they found the village deserted. They set fire to the village, and also destroyed a large stock of provisions which the panic-stricken Indians had left behind them. Col. John Jackson, the father of Dr. A. C. Jackson, was a lieutenant in one of these companies. 0-nox-see and his followers retired to Detroit, and placed themselves under the protection of the British. In a letter dated " Great Crossings, Scott county, Kentucky, iSTov. 11, 1S12," the writer, CoL James Thompson, says: "I had the pleasure to assist in burning a very large Indian town on the Elkhart river 60 miles northwest of Fort Wayne; but the yellow rascals iiew in every direction before us.''

Biographical

The personal sketches which follow are principally of old settlers and prominent citizens of Jackson township. The prominent points of their lives form an essential and interesting feature of the community's history.

Henry Baringp.r, farmer, sec. 27; P. 0., ISTew Paris; was born in Ohio Oct. 12, 1S3S; son of David and Susannah (Kittz) Baringer, natives of Pennsylvania, of German descent, who came to this State about 1843 and located in Elkhart county, where they have since resided. Dec. 27, 1864, he married Miss Lutz, and they have had 2 children; but 1 is now living. Mr. Baringer has a limited education, owing to the amount of work he had to do when living at home. lie is engaged in threshing in the fall and works his farm in the summer months. He bought the first threshing-machine in this county. He belongs to the German Baptist Church, and in politics he is a Democrat.

Manasseh Bennett was born in Parry Co., Ohio, April 27, 1S33. He is tlie son of William and Phcebe (Skinner) Bennett, natives of Ohio, and of Scottish and German descent. He received his education in the common schools in Ohio. By occupation he was a farmer, till 17 years of age; he then commenced to learn the carpenter's trade, and worked as an apprentice till 21 years old, then came to Indiana, where he stands among the first workmen in the State, and by many is said to be the best carpenter in the county of Elkhart, Ind. He has been twice married; the first time to Susannah Myers. They had 3 children, 1 boy and 2 girls. The second time Mr. B. was married to Anna Stilwell. They liad 3 children, both boys. His wife died Aug. 23, 1879, a member of the Evangelical Church. Mr. Bennett is a Republican in politics; is a student, and has been all his life. He has taught school li winters in Indiana. Financially, he has been only moderately successful; is the owner of a house and lot in New Paris.

Dr. Charles S. Brodrick was born at what is now the countyseat of Auglaize couutjr, Ohio; at the time of his birth, which was in tlie year 1821, the place was an Indian village, called Wapahkonnetta, the name being derived from a prominent chief of the Shawnee Indians who resided there with a remnant of his tribe. The place still retains the original name. Prominent among the tribe at this time was the great Shawnee chief Tena-Squatawa, the prophet, and twin brother of the great warrior Tecumseh.

Robert Brodrick, tlie father of the Doctor, with his family, was living there in the capacity of sub- Agent, which position he occupied for 16 years, when he resigned, after the election of Andrew Jackson to the Presidency. This step was to save his head from the political block, as he had the hardihood to oppose the old hero in that presidential canvass. He removed the prophet and 200 of his tribe to Shawnee Mission, in Kansas, in 1826, under the direction of the Government, no other white man accompanying the expedition. In 1S34 he started to emigrate with his family to the Hock Eiver country in Illinois, but, owing to an accident which rendered further progress impossible, he was forced to stop in this county, thus giviug another example that man who runneth hath not always the power to direct his steps. The father of the Doctor was born in Sussex county, New Jersey, May 21, 1776 - the year that independence was declared - and died March S, ISiS. He married Pamela Sayre, of Orange Co., N. T., whom he survived but a few short years. The}' reared a numerous family, the subject of this sketch being the 13th child. The faiher's family is of Irish origin, the mother's of Welsh extraction. The Doctor's grandfather, Anthony Brodrick, took an active part in our struggle for independence, holding a colonel's commission in "Washington's army. He exjiended a large fortune, which was never refunded by the Government, as all his legal proofs were burned at the city of Washington, when the British troops sacked that city in the war of 1812 under the administration of James Madison, who was President at that time. The Doctor received his medical education in the medical department of the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, and after practicing one year with Doctor Buchtal at Elkhart, he married Miss Mary Adelia AYalton, of Cass county, Mich., and settled in the village of Benton in this county, where he practiced his profession IS years with signal success. In 1870 he removed to Xew Paris, where he still pursues his former vocation. He has but one living child, Ada L., the oldest of three daughters, the others having died in childhood; Idela May, the second, died at the age of 2 years and 5 months; Mabel Walton lived to be 7 years and 7 months old. They were both remarkably bright, the latter extremely brilliant; so much that she was a subject of remark by all who met her, verifying the old adage that death strikes at a shining mark.

It is now 16 years since the Doctor first entered the confines of Elkhart county, which had just been organized, with the countyseat located at Goshen, where it still remains. A great deal of the county was in a state of nature fresh from the hand of him who fashioned the universe, and indeed it was lovely and grand in its pristine dress before the spoiler had laid the hand of civilized life i;pon its native beauty. The magnificent old forests, so majestic in their grandeur, have long since given way to the woodman's sturdy strokes and the fertile farm, the thriving village, or the busy city, attest the advancement of enterprise and industry, where now can be heard the whistle of the lumbering locomotive. Then the red man chased the fleet-footed deer; there was no better Imnting ground on earth than Elkhart county, at the period of which we write. The Doctor has counted 19 deer in one herd; wild turkeys were abundant, and occasionally a black bear would put in an appearance; but -VS^ like their foe. the dusky denizen of the forest, they have long since ^ : '-1 disappeared from among us. to the shadow land. Politically he is a Republican, but never held an oiSce of trust or honor, as he never entertained any asjiiration for political preferment.

many.) His parents were natives of the same place, and farmers. He is a namesake of his father. His mother's maiden name was Magdalen a Baker. Her parents wei'e farmers. His father was all his life a farmer. David, Jr., was raised on the farm till 11 years old, when he commenced to learn the pottery trade, and in this as in everything that he undertakes, he endeavors to excel by diligence. As a proof of this he worked there till 21 years old. He learned his trade in Upper Canada, near Ft. Erie. Mr. Dansraan received most of his edncation in Germany, although he is a native of France. He went to school (German) seven years in Elsass.

His employer thought so much of him while he was learning his trade that he sent him to the English school six months, in Canada. He made Canada his home till he was 25 years old. He was married Aug. 3, 1841, to Magdelena Byers, who is a native of Canada, born in 1815, in Bertie tp. Her father was a farmer, and was living at the time of his daughter's marriage. The marriage ceremony was performed in Buffalo, New York. This happy union has been blessed with 6 children, all of whom are living; i of them are married and doing well, 2 living in Indiana, and 2 in Michigan. The children's names are Anna, Mary, David. Catherine, Samuel and Moses. The last 2 are at home with their parents. Mr. D. emigrated to Elkhart county, Ind., 1841, the same year he was married, lirst settling in Goshen, where he was engaged in the manufacture of pottery, in company with Mr. Julian Defrees. They have a successful business. Mr. D. has been engaged in the pottery business 21 years. He has the honor of running the first pottery in Elkhart county. He was engaged 10 years in the business in Union tp., this county, and several years in Jackson tp., where he lives at present. He has also always carried on a farm. He is the owner of 239 acres of land, most.of which is under a high state of cultivatiom He has made what he has by his own exertions.

Henry Dausman, farmer; sees. 26 and 7; P. 0., I^ew Paris; was born in Canada Dec. 1, 1843, and emigrated to this county in 1850. He is a son of Jacob and Mary (Hershey) Dausman, of English ancestry. Mr. Dausman has been twice married; his first wife. Sarah Brumbaugh, by whom wei's 5 children, Ida, Peachie, ISTorman, Bertie and Nora; second wife's name was Katie Higgle, by whom is 1 child, Orbie. Mr. Dausman is a Democrat, and cast his first vote for McClellan.

Anclreio Eclioie was born in Massachusetts in 1S50, the son of George and Jane (May) Ed wie, natives of Scotland; received Ijis education in the common schools in Massachusetts and Andover College. His occupation is that of a carriage trimmer, in which business he has been successful. He employs from two to three men most of the time. He is as good a workman in his line of business as any man in the county, if not the best. In carriage trimming he " takes a back seat" for no living man. Pie was married in] S7S to Sadie A. Clark. His political views are Democratic. He has lived in this county since 1S77. He commenced to learn his trade when he was only 16 years old, in JSTew Haven, Conn ; served four years, then ran a shop in Calais, Me., three years. At present he is in New Paris, working at his trade, has plenty of business and is doing well, as every intelligent mechanic should do.

Dr. Samuel Eisenbeiss was born in Pennsylvania Sept. 19, 1838, son of Frederick Charles and Anna M. (Dorathy) Eisenbeiss, who came from the town of Welsvijer, Prussia, located on the Khine. In 1855 the Doctor commenced the study of medicine at the Rush Medical College in Chicago, and on the completion of his course of study settled in New Paris. He was married to Elizabeth Heny, daughter of Joseph H. and Mary Bowman. Dr. Eisenbeiss' family consists of himself, wife and 3 children, whose ages are as follows: Erastus, 18; Albert, 16; and Charles, 10. The Doctor spent some eight years at South Bend and several years at Bremen, Marshall Co., this State, in early youth. He is the owner of a neat, comfortable house, in which he resides, and also other property, in the town of New Paris. During his residence in this township lie has acquired a lucrative practice, is held in high esteem by all with whom he has been associated, and is looked upon as a gentleman in every walk of life.

William E. Crilhert, farmer, sec. 25; P. 0., New Paris; was born in Ohio in 1837, son of Joseph and Mary (Juliem) Gilbert, natives of Ohio, of English ancestry; was reared on a farm; came to this county, and settled on sec. 2£, this tp. Jan. 10, 1860, he married Martha Jane Rookstool, and of their 7 children 6 are living: Mary Ellen, Henrietta, Melvina, Charlie, John and Tula. Mr. Gilbert united with the German Baptist Church in 1868, and is

Still a member of that denomination. He has been very successful in business, and is now the owner of 100 acres of land, all nnder cultivation and well stocked.

Albert Kaufman, farmer, was born in Blair county. Pa., Oct. 26, 1857, son of Joseph and Mary (Evans) Ivauffman, of American ancestry. March 12, 1S76, he was married, and he has now 1 child, Blanchie. He came to this county in 1819, and resided with his parents until he was married, when he took a farm and has since been farming for himself He is one of the best farmers in the county, and as he takes pride in his work he will succeed in all his farm undertakings. He is a Republican, and cast his first vote for Mr. Hayes.

Tobias Ke'im, farmer; P. O., Syracuse, Kosciusko Co., Ind., was born in Pennsylvania Oct. 26. 1822; son of Solomon and Elizabeth (Hostetter) Keini, of German ancestry; immigrated to this State with his parents Oct. 26, 1846. They located at first in ISToble county, but not being satisfied with their location, came to Elkhart county in March of the following year, where he has since resided. They came witli teams from Pennsylvania, having considerable difliculty in crossing swamps. He married Miss Anna Darner, of Ohio, and they have had 12 children, 10 of whom are living: Solomon, Frederick, Mary, Susanah, Samuel C, John C, Sarah, Maria, Ellen, Adam and Anna; he has one boy, who has attended . college and is now teaching school. Mr. Keim is an honored and respected member of the German Baptist Church. He is a Republican, and cast his first vote for Zach. Taylor.

whose parents were also Kentuckians. His father's parents were Pennsylvanians. The subject of this sketch commenced the study of medicine in the ofiice of Dr. P. D. Harding, at Goshen, Ind., continuing with him three years, and taking a course of lectures at the Ohio' Medical College at Cleveland; practiced two years at Detroit, a part of this time being at the hospital of St. Mary's, where he pursued clinical studies; also practiced some at Harper Hospital in that city; graduated at Detroit, then practiced three years at Wolf Lake, Noble Co., Ind. In 1872 he married Miss Mary Jane, daughter of William and ISTarcissa Cowan ; and their only child, a daughter, died at the age of four years, one month and 16 days. The Doctor resided at the William Cowan farm a short time, and then removed to New Paris to make that place his permanent home. In a professional point of view he is well situated, enjoying the confidence of an intelligent community. Politically he is a Republican, and both himself and wife are members of the Methodist Church.

John L. Miller was born in Montgomery, Ohio, in 1836. He is the son of David S. and Saloma (Leslie) Miller, natives of Ohio and of German ancestry. He received his education in the common school in Union tp., this county. He came to the county wlieu only five jears old. He was luarried in 1S56 to Sarah E,eckard. They have 3 children, 2 girls and 1 boy. Mr. and Mrs. Miller are both members of the German Baptist Church. Mr. M. has seen many chano-es in the county since he can remember; has seen Jackson tp. when it was almost a wildei-uess ; has seen the wild deer and wild Indians and other wild animals in this tp. He can remember when night would come the timber appeared to be alive with wolves and other animals; and, as he said, a local work like this might be written just about what he has seen here.

Samuel R. Miller was born in Bedford county, Penn., June 4, 1S20; his grandparents were from Germany, and came to -America previous to the Revolution, settled in one of the Atlantic States, and at a very earlj' day moved to Pennyslvania, and settled in Bedford county. They were among the iirst in this county, and endured the hardships and trials of pioneers. The Indians in that vicinity were exceedingly hostile, in consequence of the encj-oachments made by the whites upon their hunting grounds. They killed nine persons at one time during the wheat harvest. His grandmother was present at this massacre, and hid in the wheatfield, and thus eluded them, and efi^ected her escape after they had gone. Mr. Miller thinks that both of his parents were born in Bedford county. His father was a carpenter, and was frequently away from home at his trade. He therefore did not know much about him, as he died while tlie subject of this sketch was quite young. His father and mother had both been previously married, and each had children at the time of their union. He had but one own brother and one own sister. His brother died, and his sister married, and is living in Nebraska. His father died when he was but seven years of age. When he was twelve years of age, he moved with his mother to Montgomery county, Ohio, and engaged in farming for a very wealthy man at two dollars per month. Here he remained two j^ears, and then moved to Elkhart county, Indiana, and settled on sec. 6. This was in October, 1S35. Their hardships cannot be described. To tell the truth, the family were frequently in want of the necessaries of life - without money, and without the means of securing food and clothing. They endured all without murmuring, or even letting their neighbors know of tlieir wants.

At the age of 17, Mr. Miller entered SO acres in Union tp., and subsequently bought SO acres in Elkhart tp., and finally took up 120 acres, where he now resides, on sec. 17. Up to his 27th year, he was engaged in clearing land - handling the ax, mattock and maul, and was persevering in his efforts to make the wilderness a garden, and to secure for himself a home.

In lS-17 he married Mar}^ A., daughter of Adam Whitehead, an old settler in the county. They have had 8 children, 7 of whom are still living, viz., David W., Susan E., Eva C, Mary J., Samuel D., Sarah A., and Adam F. David W. married Mary E. Hower, and has 3 children.

Mr. Miller is a Democrat and has been identified with the political history of his tp. and county, havino; been Constable, Justice of the Peace, Supervisor, and Township Trustee, for nearl}' 20 years. He has frequently been a delegate to the County, District and' State Conventions, and was elected Sheriff in ISTi. rLe is deservedly popular in both parties, and has a.n eye to the welfare of his constituents. As Township Trustee, the whole management of the town aii'airs - employmeist of teachers, assessing taxes for schools and other purposes, and the various duties depending upon that office - have been conducted by him with such prudence and wisdom as to secure the general approval of all parties. In settling estates, as administrator and executor, and guardian, he has devoted a great deal ot his time, and has invariably performed these duties to the entire satisfaction of his clients and wards.

During the first years of his residence in this county, the family were supplied with fresh meat by his gun. Wild turkeys, deer, wolves, prairie chickens and wild geese, were very plenty when he first came to Indiana. He has himself killed witli his rifle several hundred deer. They were so numerous that the snow would be trampled hard by them, near the cabin, where a tree had been felled. They came to browse. Many a time by moonlight has he shot them. Sometimes, when a nice, sleek buck presented himself in close range, the clear, cold air of a Sunday would be startled by the crack of the rifle. The plea in extenuation would be, meat for the famil3^ During his j'outh and manhood his toil has been incessant. He has split 800 rails in a day from the oak that grew on his section. Labor has been rewarded. He now owns 120 acres of land.

His annual crop of wheat is from 20 to 38 acres; corn, from 10 to 20 acres, and about 10 acres of oats. Mr. Miller has also been engaged in the carpentering business. He is a downright honest man, social, genial, and good company.

Rev. Lewis Muntz\ P.O., Milford, Kosciusko Co., Ind.; was born in Ohio in 1825; came to this county with his parents in 1833, and settled near Goshen, Ind. In 1865 he was married to Miss Christiana Snyder. He has been engaged in the ministry for quite a number of years, and took an active part in building one of the largest mills in jSTorthern Indiana. Mr. Muntz is also a farmer, and is well-known in his locality for his excellent character.

James O^ NeaL was born in Indiana in 1857, and the son of Thomas O'lTeal of Irish descent, who was a soldier in the late Rebellion. He enlisted in the Hoosier State. He was killed while in the service of his country. James' mother died when he was young, and he does not know much about her. James received his education in the common school in this county. By occupation he is a farmer, but the last 18 months has been keeping a

John Pollock was born in Ohio in 1S16. He is the son of Andrew and Bets}- (Gilchrist) Pollock. His parents are natives of the Eastern States. They were Scotch-Irish. Sy occupation he is a farmer. He was married in 1843 to -Judith Potter. They have had 9 children, 6 of whom are living - 3 girls and 2 boys. Mr. Pollock received his education in the common schools iu Ohio; came to Noble county iu 1844. He acted as Supervisor, and also Tp. Treasurer six terms. He is a Hepublican.

He has one son living near where he does, George "W. He is a married man, living on his own farm. He was born in 1S49, in Noble county, Ind.; received his education in tlie common schools; has traveled some. He and his father counsel together in regard to business affairs. Mr. P. never has paid a lawyer any money in his life, and has never been sued. He started as a poor man, and at present is the owner of 150 acres of good land, worth $70 per acre.

Rev. D. J. Pontius was born in Marion county, Ohio, March 6, 1839, and is the son of John and Julia Ann (Worline) Pontius, the former a native of Pennsylvania and the latter of Ohio. March 22, 1864, he married Martha W., daughter of Jacob Myers, and 3 of their children are living, a son and a daughter. Mrs. P. died Nov. 13,1879. Children: Ada Adaline, born Sept. 10, 1866; George Clarence, 1872, and Amos Nathaniel, born in 1879 and died the same year. Mr. Pontins has been a minister of the Evangelical Church about 20 years, three years in Elkhart; received his education in Ohio and at the Northwestern College of Illinois. Is a Republican in politics; owns a farm in Fulton county, this State, and is worth now about $3,500.

Michael Price was born in Ohio in 1829, the son of Michael and Catharine (Otf) Price, who settled on sec. 3, in 1832. The father died here in 1844; he had been in the war of 1S12, and was a farmer by occupation, and the owner of 240 acres of good land. The subject of this sketch received his education in the log-house schools of early day in Jackson tp., where he liad the honor of attending the first school taught in the tp. This school-house was bnilt at the cost of about $30; almost everybody in the neighborhood helped to build it. Simon Boomershire was the teacher. Mr. P. was 12 years old before he went to school, then started in the a b c's to climb the hill of knowledge. He was married in 1857 to Delilali, daughter of Joseph Harper, an early settler of Elkhart county. They have 8 children, all girls, one married. Their names are Melissa, Nancy Ann and Agnes. Noah Ott is the son-in-law of Mr. and Mrs. P. Mrs. Price is a member of the Lutheran Church. He is a Republican in politics, is the owner of 172 acres of good laud, and is an industrious, liigh-minded man.

betli (Davis) Eippej, the former of Irish descent, born in Viro-inia, March 23, 1776, and died June 10, 1S30, in Henry county, this State, and the latter of AYelsh ancestry, born also in Virginia, Jan. 11, 17S2. In 1808 this family moved to Franklin county, Indiana Territory, and iu ISll to Wayne county, where the subject of this sketch was principally brought up at farming, which occupation he has followed through life with success. He lived on the frontiers in the time of the war of 1812, where the Indians were committing depredations almost every day, in the way of stealing horses, killing cattle and hogs, robbing people's houses, and once in a while, killing aman. Mr. K.'s school education was limited to a few winter terms, he having to go three miles to school; being the third in a family of 10 children, and his father a blacksmith, he had to work hard to aid in supporting the family.

August 3, 1826, in Wayne county, Ind., Mr. Eippey married Miss Jane P., daughter of Eobert and Sidna (Hellems) Montgomery, the former of Irish descent and the latter of German ; by this marriage Mr. E.. has had 5 children, -i of whom are living, namely : Elizabeth, now the wife of Myrick Watts, of Jackson tp.; Kobert M., who died in the army, being Captain of Co. I, 39tli Iowa Inf.; Kebecca A., now the wife of Joel W. Long, of Kosciusko county, Ind.; Joseph, a prominent farmer and stock-raiser of this tp. ; and William D., a very extensive farmer in Kansas, having 1,200 acres of corn this season. The children are all married.

Mr. Kippey moved from Wayne to Rush county, Ind., in 1827, and established his home in the wilderness; iu 1831 he came to this county, where he still lives. Though 77 years of age he is remarkably pert, and still retains all his mental faculties in a high state of vigor. When he was first married he had but little means, but by industry and economy he has accumulated considerable property, enabling himself to give each of his children 160 acres of good land, while he still owns 330 acres; he at one time owned about 2,000 acres. He attributes much of his success in life to the aid and counsel of his wife. He commenced for himself by working for $7 a month; afterward, for a time, he followed the chase, killing deer and selling their hams and hides to buy his groceries; also made some shoes at night, two pairs a week, to hire work done in clearing. Notwithstanding all his privations and strict economy, he has been liberal in aiding the philanthropic enterprises of his community. He is one of the oldest citizens of the county, highly respected by all his acquaintances. He and his wife are prominent members of the IVl. E. Church, to which society they have belonged for over 40 years. They are now living with a grandson, who conducts the old farm.

Of Mr. Rippey, the Ligonier Banner said: "The other day we had the pleasure of greeting in our sanctum that venerable farmer and staunch Democrat. Hon. Matthew Rippey, of Benton. Mr. R., though well advanced in years, walks as erect as a man of 30, and his intellect is as vigorous as ever. He was once a member of the

Legislature, and having resided in Elkhart county upward ot 34 years, he is pretty well acquainted with the pioneers of Northern Indiana. It always does us good to take these veterans by the hand and spend an hour in pleasant and profitable conversation." The Goshen Democrat copied this and added: "We copy the above for the purpose of giving it our hearty endorsement, and to correct some errors of statement."

-'Mr. Fcippey has been in this county nearly 42 years. He was elected Representative to the State Legislature in iS39 and 1840. The election of 1S40 was very highly contested, Mr. Rippey running against Hon. J. H. Defrees, whom he defeated by So" votes, while Gen. Harrison carried the county. In 1S44 he waselected to the State Senate, in the district composed of the counties of Elkhart, Kosciusko and Whitley, defeating Maj. Violett. Again, in 1848, he was elected to tlie Lower House. Mr. Eippey always had the conlidence of the people to such an extent that whenever there was doubt about the result, he was called upon to lead the forlorn hope. And in 1863, when it was supposed that no Democrat conld be elected, he was again elected to the Legislature, making in all four times elected to the Lower House, and once to the Senate. For a number of years he was Justice of the Peace, and Township Trustee many years, and as a neighbor, always doing business as administrator, and in other ways having the fullest coniidence of the people. He has now relinquished farming and intends taking the world a little easier. May he live for many years to enjoy the fruits of his labor, and the love and affection of his neighbors and friends."

David Rodllaxigh was born in Montgomery county, Ohio, 1S19, the son of David and Silum Eodibaugh, natives of Pennsylvania and of German descent. He received his education in the common schools in Ohio. He was married the first time in 1842, and the second time Jan. 1, 18.56. Of the last marriage there have been 8 children, 4 boys and 4 girls. Also there were 2 children by his first wife. He and his wife are both members of the German Baptist Church. In politics Mr. R. is a Greenbacker. He came to the county in 1831, therefore is an early pioneer settler of Elkhart county, locating on sec. 4, in this tp.; was worth at that time about $1,000. He has been remarkably successful in business, and has accumulated a handsome fortune. He is the owner of over 900 acres of land and the mill in Jackson tp., besides other property. He is well liked, is a very honest and fair man in his dealings. His sou is a part owner of the TOO acres of land where the mills stand. Mr. R. remembers when the deer and wolves were thick here, and when he could sometimes see a bear as it would skulk into the forest. He has seen this tp. change from a wilderness to a fruitful field of plenty. While he can remember all this, he can also remember of seeing many old settlers pass away never to return.

Daniel SMuely was born in Stark coimtr, Ohio, in 1829, tlie son of Isaac and Snsannali (Snyder) Shively, natives ot" Pennsylvania and of German descent. The si;bject of this sketch has been in this tp since 1849, and has stood on the walls of Zion faithfully in this community. lie has proclaimed the gospel hero in Jackson tp for 20 years tor three Churches, and at present the Churches are all in a flourishing condition. Rev. Shively seldom votes, but his political views are with the Republicans. In 1852 he was united in marriage to Hester Whitehead, and of tlieir 8 children only 2 are living. Mrs. Shively is a member of the same Church that her husband has so long preached for (the German Baptist). Mr. bhively is a man that reads and knows what is going on in the world, and, as he should be, is a teacher as well as a preacher. " An idea m the head is worth more than a dollar in the pocket." Mr. Shively has been moderately successful in business.

Abram Stromh was born in the tp. of Oxbridge, Upper Canada, March 11, 1839. Both parents were natives of'that county He came to Elkhart county in 1840, and settled in Union tp., and'afterward returned to Canada in 1848 and lived among the farmers the best way he could, roughing it at the very outset of life in the truest sense of the word. On leaving Canada in 1852 he came back to the same part of the State from which he had removed, to make a start in life for himself He commenced to work at farmino- and studying at night, withthe view of obtaining an education, so 'that he might be qualified to teach, which he finally accomplished by arduous exertion. He commenced to teach in the fall of 1858 teaching in the winter and in the summer was engaged at farmino-' and thus his time passed on for a period of 11 years, alternate?y engaged m teaching, studying and farming. In 1870 he moved to JNew Pans, at which time his sight was very much affected, the result of close application to his studies; so much so that he was compelled m consequence to change his business, and he eno-ao-ed in selling goods through the country. In July, 1875, Mr. Sti-omh commenced business in New Paris with a wagon load of goods, such as were sold in a general country store, and by strict inreo-rity and good executive ability and attention to business, has made'an enviyiable reputation as a merchant in the tp. in which he resides, and m a pecuniary point of view is well situated, and eniovino- the confidence of the people who deal with him.

In 1861 Mr. S. was married to Sarah E. Miller, daughter of Henry M. and Catherine Boomershire, and they havChad" 3 children, 2 boys and 1 girl, all of whom are living.

This would be an incomplete sketch without mention being made ot Mrs. Stromh, a most estimable woman, who has in every way been of valuable assistance to her husband in conducting his business, his impaired sight rendering her service necessary, which she always gave in the most cheerful manner. Mr. Strorali has a laro-e and commodious store, which is filled at all times with a full liSe of goods, such as his customers require; a fact that is undeniable

Jane Struhy was born in Ohio in 1830. Her maiden name was Mary Smith, and her parents were natives of Virginia. She has been married tliree times and is a widow at the present time. She is living in Jackson tp. on her own farm of 51 acres. She has one son living with her; bis name is J. 0. Middleton. He is capable of taking a hand at any kind of work on a farm and is not afraid of work. He and his mother are getting along very well.

Mark Baird Thomjyson was one of the old settlers in Elkhart county, and shared in the trials and triumphs of the early pioneers. He was born in Orange county, New York, Nov. IT, 1S02, and died greatly lamented by a large circle of acquaintances, June 23,1872. His ancestry is of English and Irish descent, and came to America subsequent to the Kevolution. His father was in the war of 1812, and participated in the battle of New Orleans. The family moved to Butler county, Oliio, when he was but one year of age, and bought a small farm, upon which he settled, and engaged in boating on the Ohio and Mississippi rivers, and died in New Orleans, where he is buried. The family remained in Butler county after his death for several years, where his wife died of cancer in the face.

Mr. Thompson, the subject of this sketch, followed farming during his minority, and also learned the tanner's trade, but abandoned it. Upon the death of his mother, the family were broken up, and he went to Wayne county, Indiana, and bought a tract of land, and engaged in farming. While here he married Jane Thomas, daughter of John Thomas, a native of Wales, and a shepherd by occupation in his ov/u country. At the age of 27 he sold his possessions and moved his family to Elkhart county, and pre-empted the east half of sec. 2 in Jackson tp. He arrived here April 5, 1829. One-half of his purchase was prairie land, and the other half heavy timber. The steel plow was not in use in that da}', and plowing the prairie was a difficult task. His more immediate neighbors were Col. John Jackson, Elias Eiggs and William Simpson. Major Violett, William Latta and Asel Sparklin came in about this time. The Indians were numerous, but never molested the settlers. Wild turkeys and wolves were plentiful, and the latter frequently annoyed the flocks. Deer were hunted by fire-lights on the river, and at first afforded the settlers a plentiful supply of fresh venison.

Mr. Thompson was twice married. His first wife had 6 children, 3 of whom died young. The others were : Harriett, who married Timothy McCarta, has a family and resides in Minnesota ; he was in the Union army during the Rebellion, and died in Libby prison ; John E., who lives near the old homestead; and Helen who married William Wyland, and resides in Shelby county, Iowa.

History Of Elkhakt Countt

Catharina J., Mark B., Lafayette H. and one who died young. Mark B. enlisted in the Union army during the Eebellion, and was killed in the battle of Jonesboro, Georgia. He was a worthy young man, and his loss was severely felt in the family circle. Mr. Thompson's patriotism was manifested by sending three boys to the army during the Eebellion, and by carrying on the farm alone at the age of 60. Mrs. Thompson died May 6, 1S72, and was soon followed by her husband " to that undiscovered country fi-om whose bourne no traveler returns,'' honored and lamented by the whole community.

Hon. John E. Thompson., a wealthy and influential farmer ot Jackson tp., Elkhart county, was born Sept. 20, 1S2S, in Wayne county, Ind. lie is the son of Mark B. and Jane (Thomas) Thompson. His father came originally from Orange county, JSTew York, from which State he first removed to Ohio, then to Wayne county, and afterward to this county. His motlier was a native of Wales and emigrated to this country in childhood. Capt. Thompson is a descendant of John Thompson, who was of Irish parentage, and who arrived iu the United States some years before the war of 1S12, in which he participated, serving nnder Gen. Jackson at the battle of New Orleans. The early education of the subject of this sketch was very limited, being obtained by an irregular attendance at the primitive common schools of a thinly settled country. Assisting in the hard manual labor of his father's farm, he could devote but little time to study, and when about 15 years of age he was obliged to abandon school entirely. Possessing an observant and retentive mind, he succeeded, notwithstanding his disadvantages, in acquiring suflicient practical knowledge for his guidance through an active and useful life. On attaining his majority he received from his father a deed for 40 acres of land, ou which he began life for himself. Prospering in the cultivation of this tract, he was soon enabled to purchase 96 additional acres. He erected a neat and substantial brick dwelling and out-buildings, and now possesses a model farm in every respect.

In politics Capt. Thompson was a Whig until 1854, becoming a Republican on the organization of that party, of which he has since been an earnest and consistent supporter. Although he has held many positions of honor and trust, he has accepted them only at the earnest solicitations of his constituents. In 1858 he was elected to the State Legislature for a term of two years b}' a flattering majority, and during the sessions served on the committees on temperance and on commerce. Sept. 19, 1861, he enlisted, and on the 24th of the same month was mustered into the service of the United States as 1st Sergeant of Co. K, 30th Eegiment Indiana Volunteers. In June, 1863, he was commissioned 2d Lieutenant of the above-mentioned company, and in the following January was promoted to the rank of Captain, in which capacity he remained until the company's term of enlistment expired. Among the many battles in which he participated during the war may be mentioned Pittsburg Landing, Stone E.iver, Liberty Gap, Chickamauga and Lookout Mountain, or "the battle above the clouds." Capt. Thompson also took part in the siege and capture of Corinth and Atlanta. His regiment accompanied Gen. Sherman to Lovejoy Station, 25 miles beyond Atlanta, at which point it was ordered back to Nashville, Tennessee, and thence to Indianapolis. Here it was mustered out of the service Sept. 29, 136-i, and Capt. Thompson proceeded to Goshen, where he arrived Oct. 5, and at once resumed his work on the farm.

In 1866 he was elected Commissioner ot Elkhart county, and served four years. He was again chosen to represent his county in the Legislature in 1S72, acting as Chairman of the Committee on Counties and Townships, and as a member of those on Corporations and on Statistics. Being re-elected in 1876 he was appointed Chairman of the Committee on Agriculture, and a member of the Committee on Fees and Salaries. In 187S he was one of the candidates for Representative of Noble aud Elkhart counties, jointly, and was defeated by only 10 votes. In Elkhart county he received about 100 votes more than his associates on the same ticket, but the Democratic and Greenback influence in Noble county caused his defeat. In the fall of 1S80 he was elected to the Legislature for the fourth terra, by 573 majority, and S3 ahead of the Senator. During his administration as Commissioner many of the public improvements of the county were inaugurated and consummated, among which were tl'e construction ol' long-needed bridges, and the erection of county buildings. In the discharge of the duties of liis ofhce he manifested such energy, ability, and fidelity, as tocommand the confidence and respect of his political friends and opponents. As a Legislator he was indefatigable in his efforts to promote the best interests of his fellow-citizens, regardless of their party affiliations. He introduced the bill for reducing the time of liolding the office of Tp. Trustee of schools to a period of two terms, the passage of which resulted in increased efficiency of the common-school system. He also proposed the bill providing for refunding to corporations, towns, etc., money which they had advanced in aid of pi'oposed railroads which had not been constructed within three years after such advance. This bill was also of great importance in certain sections of the State. Capt. Thompson is prominent in all enterprises undertaken for the benefit of the community and county in which he lives.

He married Jan. 1, 1872, Annie C. Jackson, of Jackson tp. He is not a member of a.uy Church, but is a liberal contributor to the Methodist Episcopal Church, of which his wife is a devout and worthy communicant. During his active career in Elkhart county, he lias won the respect of all; and now, in the pride of manhood, has the promise of many years of usefulness. He owns 136 acres of land.

Myrick Watts, farmer, sec. 12; P. O., New Paris; native of Vermont, of English ancestry; came to this tp. in 1844; has been twice married, first to Miss Mary Foster who died while they were living in Vermont; then he married a dauo-hter of Mr. Rippey. Mr. Watts was born in Vermont in 1S29, where he lived with his parents until he was married. He is a man of great energy, and as a farmer has been successful at every undertaking in which he has been engaged.

John Whetten, Jr., farmer, sec. 32; P.O., ISTew Paris; was born in Allen county, Ind., Nov. 25, 1852, of English ancestry. Dec. 25, 1872, he was married to Miss Adelphine Saver; they have 2 children, Nellie and Lou. Mr. Whetten has been a life-long Kepublican, casting his first vote for Mr. Hayes in 1876, and his second Presidential vote for Mr. Garfield; he is a man of ability and energy, who will make a success of whatever he undertakes.

Thomas Whetten, son of John and Jane (Greer) Whetten, was born in Allen county, Ind., March 31, 1850, and came to tliis county in 1864. lie has been twice married, first to Louisa Frasier; who died in 187- ; he married for his second wife Miss Mary McCloud, Oct. 25, 1S7-. Mr. Whetten is a very industrious young man and will succeed in whatever he undertakes. He has a farm of 100 acres all nnder cultivation, and has at the present time 30 head of hogs, eight horned cattle, 40 sheep and three horses, all of which denote high breeding. Mr. W. is a Pepnbiican, casting his first vote for Grant.

William Whetten, sec. 22; P. 0., New Paris; was born in Allen county, Ind., Oct. 18, 1844, son of John and Jane Whetten, of English ancestry ; was reared on a farm, and brought by his parents to this county in 1864, who settled on sec. 22, Jackson tp.; he married Catherine Dillen Oct. 22, 1869, and of their 3 children 2 are living: Eddie Edwamia and Woodford. Mr. Whetten is a very energetic young man and has accumulated quite a little fortune, which he knows how to preserve. He has 208 acres of land, of which 160 are under cultivation, with stock enough to consume what the farm produces. Mr. Whetten will in a few years become one of the foremost and wealthiest citizens of the community. He cast his first national vote in 1868 for U. S. Grant, and is still an advocate of Pepublican principles.

Dojuiel J. Whitehead was born in tiiis county in 1850. He is the son of Samuel and Sarah (Frantz) Whitehead, father a native Pennsylvania, mother of Virginia, and both of German descent. He received his education in the common school in this county. Py occupation he is a farmer. He was married in 1870, to Susanah Smith. They have had 4 children, but only 2 living at present. Two of the daughters are deceased and 1 boy and 1 girl living. Mr. and Mrs. W. are both members of the German Baptist Church, in which society he is a Deacon. He does not " take much stock " in politics, but when he votes, he votes the Democratic ticket. He is the owner of two-thirds of 160 acres of land, where he is living at the present time and where he was born and has passed his life, on sec. 17. He never went to school in any other place than in District ]^o.-6, where he resides.

S. S. Whitehead, carriage manufacturer in jSTew Paris, was born in this county June 7, 1844. He is the son of Valentine and Elizabeth Lantz, natives of Montgomery county, O., near Dayton, and of German descent. He received his education in the common school in this county. Plis occupation most of his life has been that of a carriage-maker, in which business he has been successful. At the present time the tirm name is Whitehead & Laudgraver. They also run a saw-mill. Mr. Whitehead had l)een in the business 10 years before Mr. L. cams in as a partner. Mr. Whitehead is a Republican in politics. He is a man that reads; he takes eight papers, and has a choice selection of good books in his library. His partner is a solid Democrat. Mr. W. has been twice married, the first time in 1865, to Henrietta Deitz, and they had 3 children, all living, 2 boys and 1 girl. He lost his companion in 1872, and in 1874 he was married to Martha Jane Vail. They have 2 children living, 1 boy and ] girl. Mr. and Mrs. W. are members of the M. E. Church. In business he has been successful, but not without some reverses. In 1874 he met with a sad loss by fire. His carriage and blacksmith shops and saw-mill all were burned to the ground. The firm name at this time is Bonebrake. Deitz & Whitehead. The building was rebuilt by the present firm, and on a more extensive scale. They employ about 22 hands, and are doing a great deal of first-class work.

Yaleiitine F . Whitehead was born in Montgomery county, 0., in 1833. He is the son of Samuel and Sarah (Frantz) Whitehead, father a native of Pennsylvania and mother of Virginia, and both of German descent.

He received his education in the common school in this county; he has spent most of his life in this county. His parents came here when he was only two and one-half years old. His occupation has been that of farming all his life, except four years spent in teaching school. He was married in 1861 to Christina Smith, and they have 2 boys and 4 girls. Mr. and Mrs. W. are members of the German Baptist Church. Mr. Whitehead is a Republican in politics. He has been financially successful in business; is the owner of 360 acres of land, 190 under a high state of cultivation. Mr. W. is a man that knows more than to idle away his time. Life is short to make the most ot, and he works industriously every day.

Marion W. Young was born in Pennsylvania; came to this county Aug. 16, 1827; both father and mother were natives of the same State. The subject of this sketch left Pennsylvania in 1854, and settled in Union tp., this county, and remained there about 20 years. On leaving, he settled in Elkhart county, where he has lived ever since. Mr. Young was married in 1849, to Margaretta Brothers, of Stark county, Ohio, who died in May, 1879, leaving no children. In regard to education his advantages were limited, having no other opportunities than those furnished by the common schools of early days. He has always followed the life of a farmer, and owns SO acres, which is under a high state of cultivation, and raises fine crops of wheat. His farm is located on sec. 7. George W. Zlnn was born in Franklin county, Ohio; the son of George and Elizabeth (Parnell) Zinn, natives of Maryland; father of German descent, mother of English. His great grandfather came from Germany. His father was an early settler in Ohio, and bi^ilt the first house in Mt. Yernon, Ohio. His father had 7 brothers, all of whom grew to manhood. Mr. Zinn received his education in the common schools, mostly in Ohio. By occupation he is a farmer. He was married in 1842 to Elizabeth Myers. They have -3 children living ; 3 are dead. The son is in business in Chicago. Mr. and Mrs. Zinn are members of the Methodist Church. He has acted as Steward of the Church. In politics he is a Kepublican. He has held several minor ofiices; at the present time he is the County Commissioner of this county. He came to Elkhart county in the month of October, 1837. He has spent some time in traveling; was in the city of Galesburg, Knox Co., 111., when there was only one house there; it is now the fifth town in size in the State. It is with surprise that the pioneers of Illinois and Indiana look back and see the rapid strides that these States have made in their raemoi'ies. Mr. Zinn has been a steady, hard-working and persevering man, and has steadily added to his farm since he came here. He started in without much of earthly possessions. To illustrate his increase financially, he holds five deeds for the land where he lives at present, of the different parts. He has one of the best farms in this county, consisting of 200 acres, well improved. Most of his land is prairie. In a financial point of view Mr. Zinn has been successful. He has given his children all a good opportunity to obtain an education.

This is a full Congressional township except one-half of section 31, which the Elkhart river cuts oft' by running from the southeast corner of the above section in a northwest course out of the west side of the section. The general surface of this township is much varied. That portion lying southwest of a line drawn from the northwest to the southeast corner is comparatively level, and is very fine for agricultural purposes; and its farms with its magnificent residences and large and commodious barns will compare favorably with tliose of other portions of the county. That portion lying northeast of this line as described is very rolling, and a greater part is so broken it is unfit for agricultural purposes. The farms are genei-ally small, and the attention of those occupying them is given to fruit-growing. There is in this township a body of water covering an area of about 100 acres, and is known by the name of Dock lake. Whence it derives its name, we are not informed. The surrounding Country for some distance is very rough and broken. Pine creek, which has its source in the southeastern part of the township, flows in a northwesterly direction, and leaves the township on section 6 about ^one mile from where it enters into the St. Joseph river. The numerous small branches which flow in this creek afibrd amp)]e drainage for almost all the land in the township.

To Thomas Carick and father, and a person named Stutsman belongs the honor of being the first settlers in this township. The former pre-empted the southwest quarter of section 21, but paid very little attention to farming, most of his time being spent in hiinting and trapping. James Wilson also settled about the same period, and was soon followed by James Defrees, afterward justice of the peace, being the first elected in the township. ISText came Joseph Gardner, who settled on section 22 in the spring of 1S35. William and Joseph Newell, William Martin, Elijah Adams, James Kane, John NeS and John Wilson soon afterward became residents, from which date the township was rapidly settled. Ozias Stotts, deceased, was an early pioneer, settling in 1834 on section 3i, and living to the ripe age of 75 years. R. C. Lake, Abner Blue, Joseph D. Knox, (1028)

Though struggling through the pressure of poverty and privations, early settlers planted among them the school-house at the ' earliest practical period. As may readily be supposed, the accom- - . , modations of the earliest schools were not good. Sometimes schools were taught in log cabins, which had a mud-and-stick chimney in one end of the building, earthen hearth and fire-place, wide and deep enough to take in a four-foot back-log. For win- ' -; dows part of a log was cut out in either side and maybe a few lights __ of eight-by-ten glass set in, or just as likely as not the opening _--:'- would be covered over with greased paper. Seats were made of ' . slabs, and writing desks were made to match. .-' all the requirements of that day. Its continuous occupation was up to the date of its burning. Here the young minds were taught to '' shoot " by a Mr. Stockdale. Directly after above building was - ^ .

burned, another was erected, and at present there is a fine brick structure standing in place of the first one. Things are changed now j ' ' ' .

where the sound ot the gospel is not heard." There is but one church building in this township, and this is occupied by the German Baptists.

As this township is centrally located among others well supplied with cities and villages, there is no municipality of this kind within its bounds, and no churches other than the one just mentioned.

Biographical Sketches

The biographical notices which follow constitute the most important element of the history of Jefferson township, being, as they are, life sketches of well-known citizens, some of whom have braved the hardships of frontier life, to which we have so often alluded in this volume.

Christidor Ast, a native of Switzerland, born Aug. 16, 1805, son of Chris, and Annie Ast, natives also of Switzerland, and now deceased. The subject of this sketch was reared on the farm and received a common German education. He came to America in 184:5, first settling in Stark county, Ohio, where he resided until 1850, at which thne he came to this county, settling in this tp. He was married in 1830 to Miss Magdaline Lounber, who was born in Switzerland in 1807. They have had 10 children, 8 of whom are living, to wit: Christian, Iludoff, Libba, John, Annie, Jacob, Joseph and Maggie. Mr. Ast was poor when he came to this country, and by hard work and close economy he has accumulated considerable property, owning 110 acres of good land. P. O., Goshen.

C. A. Barthel, a native oi Saxony, Germany, was born May 1, 1829. His parents were C. G. and Christiana Barthel, who came to the county in 1S53. The subject of this sketch emigrated to this tp. in 1849, in which he has lived ever since, except three years he resided in Goshen, when he followed his trade (masonry), giving the most of his time to farming, doing only occasional jobs of masonry work for his neighbors. He married in May, 1849, Miss Frederica A. Schultz, a native of Germany, by whom he had 5 children, tp wit: John. Lydia, Plenry, Mary J. and Alfred. Mr. B. lost his lifecompanion Oct. 12, 1868 or '9. He married again Sept. 5. 1872, Miss Susan Euhlman, who was born Dec. 28, 1841, in Mahoning coiinty, Ohio; by this marriage were 3 children: Hallie M., Catherine I. and Louis F. Mr. B. owns 120 acres of good land. Mr. and Mrs. B. are members of the Lutheran Church. " Eesidence, sec. 16; P. 0., Goshen.

E. Bemenclorfer was born Aug. 18, 1824, in Loudon county ,Va., son of Peter and Susan Bemendorfer. natives of Pennsylvania, who emigrated to Virginia in 1813, where they resided until 1828, when they moved to Stark county, Ohio ; here they remained some 10 years, at which time they migrated to .Carroll county, where they

Berkey. The latter came to this county in lSi7, working in woolen mills and various other kinds of work for three years, when he went to California and worked in several mines for nearly two years, returning again to this county, where he was engaged as clerk in a store. This he followed for some time, when he bought out a boot and shoe store. This business he pursued until the pur- ... -;

May 20, 1774. in Miami county, Ohio, and departed his life May 20, 1819; the latter was born Aug. 12, 1777, and died in this county Jan. 30, 1850. Abner was reared on the farm, and received a common education. At the age of 17 years he came to this county and followed the carpenter's trade for a number of years. -i

Bev. Thomas Comstock, of the North Indiana Conference, was a native of Ohio, born ]^Iarch 2, 1S29, but was brought witli his father's family toWabasii count3', Ind. , in 1836. Judo;e Comstock, his father, settled on Eel river, at the place which is now called Liberty Mills, where he opened a large farm, erected mills and engaged in other business pursuits. Here the subject of this sketch spent the years of his youth and earlier manhood, and was well trained to habits of indastrj' and business. He married Miss Elizabeth T. Thorne in September, 1852; she was a native of Belmont county, Ohio, born in 1828; their 4 children were Alma C., John D., Lnra E., and Wilbnr T. While Mr. Comstock was in his youth, he was converted at a camp-meeting. He was baptized and received into the Methodist Episcopal Church in 18i3, by Rev. C. W. Miller. He entered the jSTorth Indiana Conference in 1854, and traveled the Harlan Circuit one .year; bnt feeling the necessity of a more thorongh education, he attended school 'at Genesee College and subsequently took the regular course at the Garrett Biblical Institute. He served one year as professor in Fort Wayne College, and re-entered the Conference in 1859; he was Pastor at Decatur one year; at Goshen one year; at Elkhart two years; was again connected with the Fort Wayne College one year; Pastor of Warsaw Station three years, and of Wabash Station two years; though his retnrn was unanimously desired by his charge, he was then appointed to Central charge at Richmond. He was just entering upon his third year's work in this charge, when he was taken with typhoid pneumonia. All that affectionate care and the skill of two physicians, his own choice friends, to prescribe was done for six weeks, when he was informed by his physicians that his closing hour was near. The information did not startle or alarm him - not at all, though until then he had thought it possible that he would recover. He asked to have the Sacrament administered, and that prayer should be offered that he might have victory, and while they prayed God gave him triumphant victory to his weeping wife and children. He said most tenderly, " I love you ; I love you; gladly would I go with you through life, but Jesus loves you better." When ice-cold water was given him, he said ''Jesus the water of life will give." He gave directions to make no display, " The Master is coming, and I wait patiently his arrival." Such are but few of the many words uttered by him in his last hours.

At about 11 o'clock, a. m., June 17, 1872, he calmly and sweetly tell asleep in Jesus. Thomas Comstock was a model as a pastor. He was also an able, clear, pointed and successful preacher, and the several charges served by him will long remember him as a most consistent and indefatigable worker. "Mark the perfect man and behold the upright, for the end of that man is peace."

native of Connecticut and latter of Pennsylvania. John was reared on the farm, receiving a common education in district schools; he came with his parents to this State, lirst settling in. Forrest Grove near Middlebury. He lived two years in Lagrange county, and married Miss Phrebe Larimer Jan. 13, 1S42; they have had 6 children, 5 of whom ai'e living, to wit: Mary, Sarah J., Harriet, Emma and William. Mr. E. lost his life companion Sept. S. 1S66, and he again married in 1S67, and the third and last time, Ann Schermerhorn in 1S69. Mr. E. has been reasonably successful in life. He bought liis present farm of 100 acres in March. 1S7S. Mrs. E. is a member of the Lutheran Church; Mr. E. is a member of the Presbyterian. In politics Mr. E. is a Republican. Residence, seel; P.O., Bristol.

Joseph Ourdner, Sr.. one of Elkhart's early pioneers, is a native of Rottenburg, Germany, and the son of Joseph and Victoria Gardner. The subject of this sketch was born Feb. 22, ISIO, and at the age of 22 years he faced Westward, crossing the Atlantic, to seek his fortune (if such was in store for him) in the ISTew World. Fie first located in Buffalo, JST. Y., where he resided until 1S3.5, at which time he migrated to this county, first locating south of Goslien, where he resided one year; he then moved to his present farm, where he has resided continuously ever since, following the occupation of a farmer. In his boyhood and early manhood days he worked in oil mills. He was married Oct. 4, 1832, to Miss Catherine Yollmer, of Buffalo. X. Y., who was born April 9, 1809, in Rottenburg, Germany ; they have had S children, 7 of whom are living, to wit: John L., Wm., Joseph, Daniel, Charles and George W., twins, and Benjamin. Mr. Gardner received a good German education, and subsequently a common English education. He commenced poor in life, and now is owning 280 acres of beautiful land, besides giving each of his 7 children $1,100 apiece. He is of a remarkable family, being one of 22 children. Residence sec. 22; P. O., Goshen.

Joseph Gardner, Jr., a native of this county, was born Oct. 11, 1840, and is the son of Joseph and Catherine Gardner; was reared on the farm, and received a fair English education in the common schools of this county. He married Miss Nancy Logan Feb. 8, 1862, who was born Feb. 2, 1843, in Ohio, and their 4 children are: Charles, Carrie, Minnie and Ira. Mr. G. owns a nice farm of 160 acres on sec. 9.

Adam Harvian, a native of Mahoning county, Ohio, was born in 1814; his father was born in Adams county, Pa., and mother on ho&i-A oi a. y&z5q\ en route to the United States. Mr. II. married Miss Catharine Wolford, a native of York county. Pa., in 1840, and they have had S cliildren. Mr. Harman is a prominent farmer and stock-raiser, owning a nice farm on sec. 29. Mr. and Mrs. H. are members of the Lutheran Ciiurch. Residence, sec 29.

farmer, in which occupation he is at present engaged. He was married to Miss Amanda Bowers Feb. 16. 1ST5, who is a native of DeKalb county, this State, being born in ISoi; they have 1 child, Alfred E, Mr. H. owns 60 acres of Xo. 1 land, worth $70 per acre. Residence, sec. 15; P. 0., Goshen.

Paul Kirkiorffer, a native of France, was born July 6, 1S17, son of Christian and Mary Kirkdorffer, both of whom are now deceased. The subject of this sketch began learning the crockery trade at the age of li years, which business he followed some 30 years. At the age of 19 he came to the conclusion to try America, which he accordingly did. Oa arriving here he had but one dollar in his pocket, and coald sp3ak only his native langaage; he was in E"ew York withont friend-; or money to tight the battles of life with, under great disadvantages; he got trusted for board, and luckily found worS in a lumber yard, piling up lumber, for which he received $1 par day. This he did for a few days, when he went up N"orth river some 100 miles distant from iSTew York city, where he worked seven years and sa^'el as miny hundred dol lars. during the time working for $10 to §16 a month at the tanner's trade. Daring this time he lent $±00 of his hard-earned money, all of which he lost. Kot at all discouraged, he kept oa with that same energy. In consequence of this loss he concluded to push on furtlier West, which he accordingly did in ISil, first locating in Groslien. where he was engaged in the pottery business, which he pushed forvvard with great zeal. In 1352 he removed to Union tp., and settled on land j^urchased prior to this date, and here he also opened his pottery business, which he followed until 1871; in the meantime he carried on his farm. At this date he quit his trade and moved to this tp., where he has given his entire attention to farming and stock-raising. Pie owns 415 acres of beautiful land, all of which he has purchased from his own personal earnings. Mr. K. was married to Miss Soloma Dausman in 1847. Miss D. was born in Canada in 1330; 6 cinldren have since been born to them, viz.: Jacob, George, Mike, Paul, Edwin and David. He lost his companion in 1S63, and in 1^65 married Miss Lydia Knapp, who was born in 1S41 in this county. One child has been born of this union, Morris A. Many can be profited by noticing the situation Mr. K. was in when he lauded on American soil, and the difliculties he necessarily had to overcome. He has become independent, as far as the necessaries of life are concerned, by his energy, skill and good management. Residence, sec. 21; P. O. Goshen.

JPrank Knapp, a native of Ontario county, N. Y., is a son ot "William H. and Catherine E. Knapp, natives of IlTew York, who came to this county in 1S49 and settled in Middlebury tp., where they resided until their death, the former occurring in August, 1370. and the latter in April. 1S71. Frank was reared on the farm, and has always followed farmina;', except two and one-half years he was eng-aijed in the lumber trade. He worked in the Auditor's office under Gol. A. M. Tucker. He married Miss Jennie Lind, daughter of the late Judge Cliamberlain, Sept. 15, 1S71, who was born Feb. 24, 1851, in this county. They have 1 child, Christine JSTilsson. Mr. K. owns 70 acres of good land on sec. Si. P. O., Goshen.

Ji. 0. Lake is a well-known and respected citizen, and also among the early pioneers of this county, who came in 1836, when the Indian population was 20 to one white. Mr. L. attended schools in the early days, when the teachers were of the ox-gad persuasion; he received sufficient education in these schools to be of great use to him in business thus far. He was born March 27, 1S15, in Monongahela county, W. Va., and was married in 1846 to Nancy J. Middleton, who was born near Columbus, Ohio. They have had S children, 5 of whom are living, to wit: Mary, Geo. W., John 0., James I. and Hichard. Mr. L. has followed brickmaking, though at present he is engaged in farming, stock-raising and trading. He owns 320 acres of good land, all of which he has purchased with his own earnings. liesidence, sec. 10; P. O., Bristol.