Bay County, Michigan - Chapter 16, 1905 (part 10 of 12)

On April 17, 1885, Mr. Hubbell was united in marriage to Rose Woltz, a daughter of Henry and Hannah (Wrenz) Woltz, natives of Germany, who came to America in 1844. Mr. Woltz died February 6. 1905. and Mrs. Woltz died when her daughter, Mrs. Hubbell, was but three years old. Mr. and Mrs. Hubl^ell have one child, - Lulu May, born July 3, 1897. They have a very pleasant home.

^:ANK p. YOUXG. a well-known citizen of Bay City, is a member of a family which has been prominently identified with successful business enterprises here since his grandfather. George Young, came here in 1870. Frank P. Young was born at Albany, New York, October 21, 1869, and is a son of George H. and Mary (Phillips) Young.

was born in Scotland, January 12, 1820, and came to America in 1840. He located at Albany, New York, where he worked first as a grocery clerk and later went into business for himself, operating a wholesale and retail grocery at Albany until 1870, w'hen he came to llav City. He was a very successful business man and became interested in financial afifairs in Bay City, which led to his organizing the Bay City Bank, of which he continued vicepresident until his death on January 18, 1890. In 1845 lie married Annie McCormick, who was a daughter of William McCormick, of Bethlehem, New York, and they had four children : George H., Charles E., William A. and Walter D. The mother of this family died January 12, 1905, aged 78 years. She was a woman of strong and beautiful character. Until advanced years caused her retirement from active church work, she was very prominent in the benevolent and social enterprises of the First Presbyterian Church, of which she was a devoted member.

Frank P. Young was but two and a half years old when his parents brought him to Bay City, where he was educated in the common and high schools. Later he became a clerk in the Bay City Bank, of which his father is president, and remained there six years and then entered into partnership with his uncles, Walter D. and C. E. Young, who were doing business under the firm name of Young Brothers. Upon the admission of our subject, the firm style became Young Brothers & Company, which continued until 1896, when he became sole proprietor. He now conducts the business under his own name. This business is one of the largest retail ones in the city. Coal, wood, sewer pipe and masons' building supplies are dealt in. It was established originally in 1880 bv T. R. Dennison, who was succeeded in 1889 by Young Brothers. In addition to this busi- ness Mr. Young has other interests, being secretary, treasurer and general manager of the Michigan Coal Mining Compan}-. He possesses the necessary equipments for business success and enjoys the confidence of the public.

Mr. Young married Sarah Davidson, who is a daughter of James Davidson of Bay City and they have three children : Davidson, Miriam and Frank P., Jr. The family attend the Protestant Episcopal Church.

Mr. Young is prominent in Masonic circles, being a member of Bay City Lodge No. 129, F. & A. M., and of higher Masonic bodies at Bay City, which go to the i8th degree. He has taken higher degrees, to the 32d inclusive, in Michigan Sovereign Consistory S. P. R. S., at Detroit, of which he is a member. He is also a member of Moslem Temple, A. A. O. N. M. S., at Detroit.

SlOHN W. EGBERT, who owns a f^rstclass farm of 40 acres, situated in section 6, Portsmouth township, is a well-known and highly respected resident of the township. Mr. Egbert was born November 29, i860, near Hamilton, Canada, and is a son of John and Elizabeth (Newton) Egbert.

The family is of English extraction. The paternal grandfather, John Egbert, was born and died in Canada, his home being near St. Catharines, Ontario. There the father of our subject, also named John Egbert, was born in 182 1 ; he died in Portsmouth township, Bay County, Michigan, December 12, 1901. He was a man of more than usual intelligence and possessed chemical knowledge and business faculties which enabled him to become a successful match manufacturer. He was one of the pioneers in this business and on several occasions nearly lost his life in experimenting. He was a born mechanic and understood many lines of manufacture. He came to Bay County in 1863 and, with his other industries, opened up a boarding house near Essexville for laborers in the lumber camps. This he conducted for some 10 years and then removed to Portsmouth township and settled down to farming. He was a very moral man and in his earlier days was a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, but in his later years w-as affiliated with the Church of the Latter Day Saints.

The mother of our subject was born in Ontario, Canada, and died at Essexville, Bay County, on January 24, 1869, aged 33 years. She was the mother of three children, namely: Herman zA.ugustus, who died aged one year ; John \V., the subject of this sketch; and Flora Marinda, who was accidentally burned to death when four years old.

John ^V. Egbert was only three years of age when his parents came to Bay County, in which his home has been ever since, although his residence has not always been here. ]\Ir. Egbert has not always been a farmer. When he was 18 years of age he became a sailor on the Great Lakes and for the past 25 years has spent every summer on the w-ater. His present farm, now so well-cultivated, was totally unimproved when his father bought it of Henry Brandt in 1869. The whole region was then covered with woods and no roads had been cut by which the new owners could reach their property. Mr. Egbert's father cleared this land and put it under cultivation and also built the present substantial house and barn. It is a valuable property and Mr. Egbert carries on general farming here, raises some stock and does a little dairying.

)X. COLUMBUS V. TYLER. M. D. Among the many men who have attained justifiable prominence in Bay City, none are remembered with more admiration and esteem than the late Dr. Columbus V. Tyler, who, as physician, surgeon and statesman, was a representative man in city, county and State for so many years. Dr. Tyler was born in 1S25 at Auburn, Xew York, and was a son of Lewis S. and Martha (Eldridge) Tyler.

The family is of Xew England origin. Elliott Tyler, the grandfather of Dr. Tyler, was born in Connecticut in 1781, and died in 1856. He accompanied his parents to New York, where he engaged in agricultural pursuits all his life.

Lewis S. Tyler, father of Dr. Tyler, was born in the hamlet of Nuntz, Cayuga County, New York, in 1804, and died at Grand Blanc, Michigan, in 1871. Very early in its settlement, among the pioneer families from the East, the Tylers removed to Genesee County, Michigan, and located near Grand Blanc.

In that county, with scanty educational advantages, was Columbus V. Tyler, the future eminent physician, reared. Much of his youth until he was 21 years old, was spent in assisting to clear the farm. This life had no charms for him and when his uncle. Dr. N. B. Eldridge, gave Columbus an opportunity to study medicine with him, the offer was eagerly accepted. Dr. Eldridge was located at Lapeer and there the youth completed his medical studies and settled then at Flushing, Genesee County, to practice. This was in 1850 and he remained there until 1869. In addition to attending to a large practice, he served as postmaster from 1856 to i860. Although an old-line Democrat, he was fully in accord with the administration during the Civil War, and served at Flushing as a deputy United States marshal, and, as such, took the census of the northern district of Genesee County. While at Flushing he organized the first Masonic lodge there, and through his efforts an effective medical society was organized in Genesee Coimty.

In July, 1869, Dr. Tyler came to Bay City and almost immediately took a leading position in public and professional life. He served as presiflent of the Bay County Medical Society and was a member of the judicial council and the first vice-president of the [Michigan State Medical Society and was also a member of the X^ational Sanitary Association. In 188,3 li^ was appointed a member of the State Board of Health by Governor Begole, and filled the office until October. 1888, when he resigned on account of ill health. He had suffered from a fall which produced an abcess in his side which was subsequently the cause of his death. In 1885 Dr. Tyler was appointed one of the board of medical examiners for pension claimants and held the ofiice until October, 1888.

Dr. Tyler was not only a man of commanding presence and magnificent physique, being six feet tall and weighing 200 pounds, but he was also one of the brainiest men in public life in Bay County in his time. In 1877 he was elected to the State Senate and in 1878 he was a candidate for Congress and failed of receiving the nomination by but a few votes. In 1879 Dr. Tyler was returned to the Senate and again in 1889. receiving at the last election 5,892 votes, although the district was strongly Republican. John McKim, the Republican and Union Labor candidate, received 5.067 votes, and David .-\. Ross, Prohibitionist, received 148 votes. During this last session of the Senate, he served on the following committees : Counties and townships, saline interests, roads and bridges and religious and benevolent societies.

Dr. Tyler was married to Marie Antoinette Herrick, who was a daughter of Truman Herrick. She was born in Connecticut, but at the time of her marriage resided in Genesee County. They had three children of whom the only survivor and the only one who reached maturity is Frank Elliott Tyler, of Bay City. Both Dr. Tyler and wife were consistent, worthy and valued members of the First Presbyterian Church.

After the death of Dr. Tyler on June i, 1889, a special meeting of the Bay County Medical Society was held to take action in regard to his decease, and speeches were made by Drs. Landon, Newkirk, Baker, Erwin and Carron, They remarked upon the purity of Dr. Tyler's professional character, his widespread generosity and the general sorrow that was felt by the community at large. It was voted that the society attend the funeral in a body and the following resolutions were adopted, a copy of which was presented to his family :

Whereas, We would give expression to the sincere sorrow we feel in his loss and indicate by appropriate resolutions our esteem for him as a man and as a physician, be it

Resolved. That in our deceased brother. Dr. Tyler, we recognized one who was a gentleman, an able physician and a sympathizing friend and neighbor, whose pure character and regular deportment through life commands respect and may well be emulated by all.

Dr. Tyler may well be said to have been one of the best citizens of the State in the sense of always furthering her interests. His public life was as sincere and honest as was his private career and his repeated elections and appointments to positions of trust showed that he continued to have the esteem and confidence of the county. On all subjects pertaining to the public health, sanitation, water supply, epidemics, etc., he was an authority, keeping in close touch with the most advanced thought on these sul> jects, and his position as such was acknowledged by the most eminent of Michigan's professional men.

rSTACHE MASSON, Jr., an industrious and worthy farmer, whose homestead is situated in section 9, Fraser township, was born in Montreal, Province of Quebec, October 4, 1849. He is a son of Eustache and Mary [De Lome) Masson. Both of his parents died in Montreal, - his father in his 75th year, and his mother, when she was 45 years old.

The subject of this sketch attended school near Montreal, and came to Bay City, Michigan, in 1865. He cooked in the lumber camps during the w-inter months for 22 years, and in summer worked in sawmills. In 1891 he bought his farm of 40 acres in Fraser township, and has built a fine dwelling and a convenient barn. He is engaged in general farming and raising stock.

Mr. Masson has been twice married. In 1882, he married Oxile Sharkey, a daughter of Calias Sharkey, who lives near Bay City. Six children resulted from this union, namely: Louis. Melvina, William, Henry, Amendine and Oxile. Louis keeps a hotel in Beaver town- sliip. He married Ida Bennett, and kas one cliild, - Norien. Melvina married Thomas Parry, and lives in Massachusetts. She has three cliiiihxn, - Henry, Charabelle and an infant. Oxile married Amos Foche, and has three children, - Clara, Glendolia and Lulu. William. Henry and Amendine are deceased. The mother of these children died March 27, 1884.

For his second wife, Mr. Masson married Elsere Turmell, a daughter of Thomas and Amy (Belodo) Turmell. Mr. Masson is a Republican in his political opinions, and in religious belief is a Catholic.

HILLIP MARTENS, one of the leading citizens of Frankenlust township, and its present township clerk, was bom in Phenish, Prussia, Germany, March i, 1849. He is a son of John and Mary .Anna (Schmidt) Martens.

Our subject has no memory of his mother, as she died when he was a babe only three days old, nor has he many recollections of his father, lor he passed away when Phillip was but 10 years of age. There were seven children in the family, four of whom came to America, our subject being the youngest. The others were.: John, who died in Detroit; William, a resident of Lansing. Michigan; and *Mary, who lives in Detroit.

From the age of ten years until he was 17, our subject lived in the home of his brother-inlaw, John Stangier in the city of P)et7.dorf, where he had e.xcellent educational opportunities. Tw^o of his brothers emigrated to America and as both of them had prospered the youth grew anxious to join them. In 1867 he reached Detroit, joined his brother John on his farm and while he worked on the farm also learned the trade of carpenter from this brother. This excellent trade Mr. Martens has followed more or less in the subsequent years, when other interests and public duties have permitted. After a winter spent with his brother William, at Lansing, he moved to Saginaw in 1870 and in the following spring came to Bay City. In 1876 he located in Frankenlust tow-nship where he first bought 10 acres of stump land, for which he paid $7.50 per acre, and later added 15 acres more. He resided on this farm, wdiich he improved w^ith excellent buildings, until the spring of 1904, when he sold it. At the present time he owns a one-acre corner lot in section 9, Frankenlust township. Here he erected a handsome home in 1904.

Mr. Martens has always been one of the useful men of his township, a leader in its alTairs and a man of such substantial character that his fellow-citizens have found it not only to their best interests to consult his judgment, but to also elect him to responsible puljlic positions. In politics he is a stanch Democrat. He w-as elected township clerk and served continuously for eight years, from 1885 to 1893. In 1900 he was reelected to this ofifice and is still serving. While Frankenlust township was still a portion of Saginaw County, he was elected justice of the peace. He efficiently administered the duties of this office for a period of 10 years.

In 1870 Mr. Martens was united in marriage with Barbara Daeschlein, who was born in Germany August 20, 1850, and is a daughter of Michael and Mary (Schmidt) Daeschlein, who came to Bay County when she was only two years old. .A family of 12 children have been born to this marriage, all of whom survive and are highly respected members of the sections in which they live, all of the sons, with one exception, adopting their father's trade. They are: William, of Frankenlust township: Lena (Mrs. Holiday), of Detroit; Margaret, wife of Charles Phippen, of Detroit ; J\Iary. a resident of Detroit ; Herman, of Frankenkist township ; George, a cheese-maker living in Detroit : Henry, of Bay City ; Emma, of Detroit; and Phillip A., Jr., Edward, John and Albert, who live at home with their parents. Mr. Martens is a consistent member of St. John's German Lutheran Church at Amelith and has been church treasurer for six years. He is a representative man of his section of the county and enjoys a full measure of public esteem as he commands the respect of all who know him, either in public or private life.

LARENCE B. CHATFIELD, of the great milling and grain firm of Hine & Chatfield, of Bay City, has been identified very prominently with many of the important business enterprises of the Saginaw Valley for a number of years. ^Ir. Chatfield was born at Dryden. Tompkins County, New York. December 15, 1851, and is a son of David Asa and Elizabeth (Brown) Chatfield.

Mr. Chatfield comes of Revolutionary stock, his great-grandfather having served in the patriot army. The great-grandfather resided in the vicinity of Albany, New York. He was a good citizen and a faithful adherent of the Presbyterian Church.

David Asa Chatfield was born at Ballston Spa, Saratoga County, New York, in 1825, and when 10 years of age accompanied his parents to Dryden, New York, and after becoming of age engaged in farming. He was a son of William Asa and Asenath (Warner) Chatfield. For 30 years he was an elder in the Presbyterian Church. He married Elizabeth Brown, a daughter of Conrad Brown, and they had fi\e children who reached maturity, viz : Clarence B., of Bay City; Estella, wife of Charles G. Fitts, of Dryden, New York ; Anna, deceased, who was the wife of William Haire, now of East Jordan, Michigan; Aaron W., of Bay City ; and William, of Dryden, New York. Mr. Chatfield died in 1894. The mother died at the age of 32 years, about 1863.

Clarence B. Chatfield's boyhood and youth were spent on his father's farm and his education was secured in the district schools, in which he subsequently became a teacher for a few winters. After a course in Eastman's Business College at Poughkeepsie, New York, in 1875, Mr. Chatfield came to Bay City, Michigan, in the capacity of bookkeeper for John McGraw & Company, with which firm he remained two years and then entered into the same relation with Carter & Maltby. In 1879 ;Mr. Chatfield formed a partnership with Eli A. Spear in a retail grocery business, under the firm name of Spear & Chatfield, which was continued for three years, when Mr. Chatfield gave up his grocery interests and bought a onehalf interest in a milling business.

In 1877 the firm of Fray & Merrill established a grist-mill on North Water street. Bay City, between Seventh street and McKinley avenue, the present site of the Phoenix Flouring Mills. Shortly after, a new firm succeeded (Fay & Gates), which made improvements here, installing new machinery and enlarging the business. In 1882 Mr. Gates purchased Mr. Fay's interest and in April of that year :\Ir. Chatfield purchased *a one-half interest from Mr. Gates. The firm style now iiecame Gates & Chatfield, later C. B. Chatfield & Company, and in 1898 took its present name of Hine & Chatfield. The original name of the business was the Central Mills which was continued until the structures were burned in November. 1886. After the present improved plant was completed on tlie old site, the name was adopted of the Phoenix Flouring Mills. \\'ith greatly increased capacity, the output becoming 250 instead of 125 barrels of flour per day. and with elevator storage increased from 20.000 to 60.000 bushels, the business has continued to steadily advance in volume until it now leads in its line in the Saginaw Valley. Its leading brand "Purity" is known to the trade all over the country, although the demand is so enormous in Michigan that almost all the output is sold at home. Use is made of Michigan wheat.

In addition to merchant milling, this firm engages in another entirely distinct line, being jobbers of grain, manufacturers and jobters of feed and grain, jobbers of grain and field seeds and operators of a custom feed mill, doing an immense business in every line, leading both in milling and grain dealing, not only at Bay City but all through the valley. To hold this position in the face of competition indicates that the business is managed with great capacity.

One of Mr. Chatfield's leading interests, aside from the enterprises mentioned, is his fine farm of 150 acres, situated in Portsmouth township. It has long since been cleared of forest growth, stumps and stones and is probably as valuable as any land in the rich southeastern section of Bay County. He has stocked it with Shorthorn and Durham cattle and Berkshire swine, and owns many valuable animals. This farm it is his pleasure to operate as a dairy farm and he keeps some 40 head of the finest milch cows.

Although Air. Chatfield has had such large personal interests to look after for .so many years, his fellow-citizens have alwavs found him ready to give time and financial assistance to encourage public enterprises tending to promote the welfare of the people. He was one of the organizers and active promoters of the Michigan Sugar Companj', which was the initial company in the State, and was one of the directors. To Hon. Nathan B. Bradley and himself must be given the credit for the introduction of the industry, which through their urgent efforts has become an important and profitable one in this section. Mr. Chatfield was one of the organizers of the Alutual Building & Loan Association of Bay County and served for 10 years as president of this body. He was also one of the organizers and directors of the Commercial National Bank and served as president of this institution for one year. Air. Chatfield has never been an aspirant for political honors, although he has been offered many public offices. His feeling of civic duty caused him to accept one term as a member of the City Council.

Mr. Chatfield has one of the most tasteful homes in Bay City. He has a charming family of wife and four children. He married Charlotte P. Russell, who is a daughter of Rev. William P. Russell, who was pastor of the Congregational Church at Memphis, Michigan, for 30 years. The four children are : Blanche Elizabeth: William Russell, of Bay City; Ray Prall, a student at Alma College: and Frederic Stevens.

The family belong to the First Presbyterian Church, of Bay City. Mr. Chatfield has been an elder for the past 20 years and a trustee for the same length of time. He has always been interested in the work of the Sunday-school and has served as superintendent at various times. Fraternally he is a Mason and is at present worshipful master of Joppa Lodge. No. 315, F. & A. M., and is also a member of Bay City Chapter. No. 136. R. A. M.. both of Bay City.

comes from an old and honorable American family, the roots of which are entwined around the firm foundations upon which this great country has risen to its place among the nations of the world, and because of the material success he has obtained through the legitimate conduct of great business enterprises. Personally, Mr. Chatfield impresses a visitor favorably. While quiet determination is marked in manner and speech, he possesses the courtesy and consideration of gentle breeding and easily converts a business acquaintance into a personal friend.

ENRY VAN POPPELEN. one of the highly respected citizens and substantial men of Hampton township, resides on his well-cultivated farm of nine acres, situated in section 19, which he devotes to gardening and fruit-growing. Mr. Van Poppelen was torn December 27, 1854. in the village of Niftrick, Province of Gelderland, the Netherlands, and is a son of Anthony and Anna Mary (De Haan) Van Poppelen.

The father of our subject was born April 26, 1 82 1, in the province of North Brabant, the Netherlands, and died at Essexville, Bay County, Michigan, October 10, 1891. He was a gardener all his life and through his industry accumulated an ample fortune. Politically he was a Democrat. He belonged to the Catholic Church. He married Anna Mary De Haan, who was torn June 26, 1826, in the Netherlands, and who still survives, residing with her youngest son at Bay City. They had seven children: Theodore, who died aged 41 years; Henry, of this sketch; Alphonse. a resident of Hampton township; Mrs. Helena Finn, of Hampton township; Frank, of Superior: Albert, of Hampton township; and John, of Bay City.

Our subject was educated in Holland and came to America with his parents in 1872. They located at Bay City and he has continued to live in Bay County ever since. His work has been in sawmills and on farms. During seven years when he was engaged in sawmill work, he continued to live with his parents and then bought a tract of 20 acres of favorably situated land and inherited 10 acres from his father, which he devoted to market gardening. This, in addition to the growing of choice fruit, he has found very profitable and after his years of industry he finds himself ready to retire from hard work. He traded the 30 acres for his present place of nine acres receiving quite a sum in addition. He has a very comfortable home and excellent buildings.

On June 21, 1887, Mr. Van Poppelen was married to Huberdina Janssen, who was born May 13, 1859, at Alphen, the Netherlands. She came to America in the spring of 1873 with her parents, Anthony and Antoinette (Van Lent) Janssen. i\Ir. and Mrs. Van Poppelen made a very enjoyable visit to Holland in the fall of igoi, returning to their American home on February 24, 1902. In religious belief they are Catholics. Politically, Mr. Van Poppelen is a Democrat. He served two years as drainage commissioner and has been connected with the local School Board for many years, at present serving as treasurer of School District, No. i, Hampton township.

Ohn Walker Hauxhurst

OHN WALKER HAUXHURST, M. D., physician and surgeon, of Bay City, West Side, was born at Jericho, Long Island, in Queens County, New York, April 30, 1848, and is a son of Jacob V. and Mary (Hicks) Hauxhurst.

George W. Ames

lowed tlie business of builder and contractor for many years, but subsequently settled on a farm in Wisconsin. He was Ijorn in 1817 and resided on Long Island until 1856, when he removed to Richland County, Wisconsin, where he followed building and contracting until 1862, when he retired to his farm in Eau Claire County where he clietl in 1884. He was a most worthy man in e\ery respect. In religious belief he was a Quaker. Of his 12 children, 10 reached maturity and became scattered through various States where each established a home of his own. These were : James, of Los Angeles, California ; Sidney, deceased, who was a wholesale grocer in Milwaukee, Wisconsin ; Eliza, who married James Young of Eau Claire, Wisconsin; Ann A., who married Robert Swift of Eau Claire, Wisconsin; John W., of West Bay City; Jacob, of Salt Lake City, Utah ; Cynthia, who married George De Long, of Minneapolis, Minnesota ; William, of Tombstone, Arizona ; Elisha, of Salt Lake City, Utah ; and Mary, wife of Charles Ingram, of Eau Claire, Wisconsin.

The early youth of Dr. Hau.xhurst was that of the average farm boy, - attendance at the local schools and the vigorous out-door labor which were strenuous in the extreme. In 1870 he left home and went to Boonville, Missouri where he taught school for two years. His spare moments during this time were spent in reading medicine, and in this way he prepared himself for entrance into the medical department of the University of Michigan, where he jvas graduated in 1876. He then came to Wenona, now Bay City, West Side, and has continued in the successful practice of his profession here ever since. He is well known all through this section and is a valued member of the county and State medical societies and of the American Medical Association.

pleasant family circle. He was married to Mary Fox, who is a daughter of James Fox, of Angelica, New York. They ha\e one son and one daughter, \iz : Henry Austin, a graduate of Princeton University in the class of 1902 and of Harvard Law School, class of 1905 ; and Florence Clarke, who is a member of the West Bay City High School, class of 1905. The family attend the Presbyterian Church. Dr. Hauxhurst belongs to the Royal Arcanum and also to Bay Tent No. 194, Knights of the Modern Maccabees.

EORGE W. AMES, whose portrait accompanies this sketch, is an active and energetic real estate and insurance agent of Bay City, Michigan, with office located in the Phoenix Block.

Mr. Ames was born October 31, 1852, at Albion, New York, and is a son of George C. and Sarah (Howell) Ames. His father is engaged in mercantile pursuits. The son received his mental training in the public schools of Erie, Pennsylvania, which he attended until he was 16 years old. At that age he went to work on the Philadelphia & Erie Railroad as a news agent. When he w-as a year older, he was employed as a brakeman <in the Erie & Pittsburg Railroad, having a run from Allegheny City to Sharpsville, Pennsylvania. In 1870 he took up his residence in Detroit and l>ecame a brakeman on the Detroit, Lansing & Lake Michigan Railroad, now included in the Pere Marquette system. On October 4, 1872, he was transferred to the Detroit & Bay City Railroad, which was under the same management as the D., L. & L. M. He remained at work on this line until May 14. 1888, latterly in the employ of the Michigan Central Railroad Company, which had obtained control of the road. During this period Mr. Ames served as a passenger conductor for 12 years, of which the last six years were spent on a run between Bay City and Mackinaw.

The first lousiness experience of Mr. Ames dates from 1884. In that year he began to buy and sell property through agents in Chicago, Detroit and Bay City, and in this line he prospered. Within three weeks of the time when be severed his connection with the Michigan Central Railroad Company, he opened offices in Bay City, where he has conducted a successful business ever since. He has handsome quarters on the lower floor of the Phoenix Block, where he has an extensive real estate and insurance patronage, his business being liberally advertised. His patrons include many of the leading banking institutions and railroad companies in different States, as well as prominent attorneys and other citizens.

Mr. Ames is a member of Joppa Lodge, No. 315, F. & A. M. ; Blanchard Chapter, No. 59, R. A. M. ; and Bay City Commandery, No. 26, K. T. He is also a member of the Bay City Club and the Board of Trade.

lONAS JOHNSON. Among the most enterprising citizens of South Bay City, is the subject of this sketch, who was born in Sweden, March 29, 1836. Mr. Johnson is a son of John and Katherine Johnson, of whom the latter died when her son, Jonas, was four and a half years old. He has one brother, August, living in the old country, who is a widower, with three children.

The subject of this sketch emigrated from Sweden to the United States, May 15, 1870. He first went to Chicago and from there came to Bay City. He gained the competency which he now possesses by toiling as a laborer, applying himself to whatever work he could find to do, in order to make an honest dollar. He was one of the first to be employed on the waterworks. He continued striving in various laborious occupations until about 1889. when he had accumulated an amount sufficient for the construction of several dwelling houses on South Lincoln avenue.

On the arrival of Mr. Johnson in this vicinity, the ground occupied by the street on which he now resides was a swamp and cattle were often herded through it. In the 300 block on South Lincoln avenue he now owns a row of five houses and has spent considerable money on sewerage and cement walks. He expects to lay more cement walks in 1905.

There were but few dwellings on 12th street, now called Columbus avenue, when the subject of this sketch first settled here, and he and his good wife lived in a shanty. They still occupy a humble cottage in plain and simple style.

iNIr. Johnson has contributed freely to all movements which tended toward the improvement of the city, giving liberally to church and school.

He is a strong believer in improvements and warmly favors the location of manufacturing enterprises in South Bay City. He voted for the street railway francliise, and helped to grade Lincoln avenue. In 1900 he put in new sewerage for all his tenants. He derives a good income from his houses, which furnish him a comfortable living with a surplus to lay by.

In 1857. in Sweden, the subject of this sketch married Johanna Johnson, who did not have to change her name. Their first meeting was at a place where he was working. There he also obtained employment, and their courtship began, which resulted in marriage. She well remembers how wild things looked when they first settled in Bay City. She has stuck to her husband througli thick and thin. Togetlier tliey accumulated what they have, and now a happy, old couple, they together enjoy the fruits of their labor.

OBERT NIVEN, whose comfortable and attractive home is situated in section 27, Hampton township, on a portion of his fine farm of 120 acres, which extends through sections 33 and 34, was born in the famous old city of Glasgow, Scotland, ^lay 3, 1834. He is a son of Mars and Susan (Don) Niven.

Although our subject was a man grown when his feet first touched the soil of the United States, the blood of his great-grandfather, Capt. Robert Niven. had been shed here during the Revolutionary War, while he was leading his British command at Crown Point, New York. Capt. Robert Niven left two sons, John and Robert, the latter of whom was not born until after the tragic death of the father.

Robert Niven, our subject's grandfather, born under such cirsumstances, was educated by the British government and was technically instructed in the art of weaving. He died in Scotland, leaving these children : Robert, Andrew. Daniel, John, David, William, Mars, James and two daughters. Three of the sons served with gallantry in the British Army and two in the British Navy. One of those in the army was badly wounded in the Napoleonic wars.

Mars Niven. father of our subject, was given a rather unusual Christian name, under these circumstances. His oldest brother was at the time of the child's christening signal officer on the British man-of-war "Mars" and was the first man to sight the French fleet off Trafalgar. In celebration of that triumph, the infant brother was named Mars. However, he never took to military life. As a means of support he learned the trade of weaver. In 1841 he came to the United States and worked at cotton spinning for two years at Providence, Rhode Island, and then removed to Canada, where the remainder of his active life was spent in farming. His last three years were spent with our subject and brother and he died in Michigan, aged 75 years.

Mars Niven married Susan Don, who was born at Glasgow, Scotland, and died in Canada, aged 70 years. Robert Niven, our subject, was the first born of the family of six children, the others being as follows: ]\Iargaret, a resident of Montreal; Susan (Mrs. Porter) , of Hampton township ; Janet Catherine, of Lindsay, Ontario, Canada ; a daughter Agnes, who died in Glasgow, Scotland, aged four years: and John, who was killed at Saginaw by the railroad. Mars Niven and the distinguished African explorer. Dr. Livingstone, were schoolmates and later neighbors.

Our subject was 10 years of age when his parents settled in the village of Lanark, Canada. Until he was 21 years old he was submissive to his father, giving all his earnings to the latter, although from the age of 13 years he worked on farms and later at the carpenter's trade all over the neighborhood. He moved to Huron District, Ontario, when he was about 18 years old, and then worked as a carpenter until he was about 32 years of age. .After he had satisfactorily built his first barn, he started out for himself as a builder and, as such, he came to Bay City in 1866. Here he helped to build many of the great mills of this section, working as a millwright for eight years. He assisted in the building and operating of the old Hargrave

Finally ]\Ir. Niven decided to purchase a farm and settle down to an agricultural life. Land was plentiful, prices were within his means and during a very dry spell of weather, he was induced hy unscrupulous agents, to buy his farm, - 120 acres of unbroken, low lying prairie land, with no settlers in sight, no roads and no improvements. Mr. Niven was obliged to suffer for some years on account of the season of the year in which he had visited his property, for he found when the rains came that he had land which could ne\er be made productive without extensive ditching and a great system of drainage. During the first six years he made a living by ditching through this neighborhood as his crops were all drowned out, but all the time he was getting his land, the soil of which was rich and wonderfully fertile, in good shape, and now he is well repaid for it is one of the best farms of the township. He has made all the improvements, erecting a dwelling and two barns on section 34 and on the home place has a comfortable dwelling, two barns, a granary and a workshop, including a tool shed and all necessary out-buildings. These he has constructed himself and all are substantial buildings. Mr. Niven has set out two fine orchards. He has 10 milch cows and sells his cream wholesale. He carries on general farming, raising grain, hay and sugar beets and many fine cattle yearly and is probably one of the most successful farmers of his section.

Mr. Niven was married on June i, 1867. to Mary Tacie, who was born in Huron District, Ontario, Canada, March 17, 1848, and is a daughter of Prosper and Harriet Tacie, of Quebec, Canada, of French extraction. They have had 14 children and have been very fortunate in rearing 12 of them, viz: Mrs. Susan Bort, of Bay City; Mrs. Janet Bort, of North

Dakota ; Mrs. Mary Grischke, of Merritt township; Mrs. Margaret Smith, of Chicago; Mrs. Harriet Quinn, of Pittsburg, Pennsylvania; Robert H., living at home; Mrs. Elizabeth Pittsford, of Chicago; Mrs. Julia Agnes Zimmerman, of Merritt township ; Mrs. Bernice Vernon, of Chicago ; and John, Arthur and Edward, who are living at home. Two little girls died, - Margaret, aged one year and Laura, aged nine months.

Mr. Niven was long identified with the Democratic party, but when it departed from its old standards, he could no longer support its principles and has since been affiliated with the Republicans. He has always been a leading man in his township, one whose responsible character has made his advice regarded with consideration on all public matters. For 18 years he has been connected w'ith school offices and it was mainly through his efforts that the creditable school building was erected in School District, No. 6, Hampton township. For two years he was school inspector.

-,-,AUL RICHARDS, an industrious, yM thrifty and worthy farmer of Bay County, is located in section 19, Kawkawlin township. He was born in Germany in 1835 and there received his schooling. He came to Bay County and bought his farm of 40 acres in 1886, and has since then been successfully engaged in general farming. In 1902 he built his present residence.

The subject of this sketch was married in Germany, in 1869, to Augusta Spawlock, a daughter of John Spawlock, a shoemaker, who died when Augusta was nine 3'ears of age. They have had 12 children, eight of whom were born in Germany. Those who came to this country were : Conrad, Jennie, Alvina and

Clara. Four died in Germany. Conrad is living at Port Huron, Michigan. Jennie was married to William Deplounty, a farmer of Kawkawlin township. They have si.x children, as follows : Julia, l*"rancis, W'illiam, James, Jennie and Sarah. Alvina was married to Thomas Cavanaugh, who lives in West Bay City, and is a conductor on the Michigan Central Railroad. They have reared five children, namely : Lizzie, Thomas, Irene. Clara and Harold. Clara was married to Peter Monltane, a stationary engineer, who lives in Bay City. They have two children : Harvey and Theresa.

Four children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Richards since they came to this country, namely: Frances, who lives at home; Lizzie, who married Edward Moultane, and has one child. Lewis; Paul J., who is living with his parents on the home farm ; and Kate, deceased.

HARLES T. NEWKIRK, ^I. A.. M. D., a well-known physician and surgeon of Bay City, and a specialist of wide experience in yellow fever, was born near Simcoe, Norfolk District, Ontaria, December lo, 1844, and is a son of Moses and Catherine (Topping) Newkirk.

The Newkirk family is of Dutch extraction, its founders having settled in Eastern New York many years ago. Peter Newirk. the paternal grandfather, was torn in the Catskills, but subsequently moved to Canada.

Moses Newkirk, our subject's father, was born in Norfolk District, Ontario, where his whole life was passed. He was a local minister and also a farmer and was known far and wide, not only for his eloquent expounding of the Gcspel, but also for his charitable and philanthropic work. It is related that his gifts of speech were so unusual that no edifice could ever be found, in that section, large enough to hold his auditors, whether his subject was religion or politics. He lived a long and blameless life and died at the age of 78 years.

The mother of Dr. Newkirk was a daughter of John Topping, also of Norfolk District, Ontario. She became the mother of a large family, many of whom occupy prominent positions in life.

Dr. Newkirk was educated at Victoria Uni- \-ersity, where he secured both his degrees. After his final graduation, he practiced his profession for four months in Canada and then started on a visit to South America. At Buenos Ayres he secured the position he desired with the Argentine Army, one which enabled him to make a special study of tropical diseases. Four months later he resigned and entered the Brazilian Army, and served there for four years, with the rank of major, taking part in the memorable war which waged between Brazil and Paraguay. In 1868 he settled down to practice at Buenos Ayres, but in 1872 he was homesick enough to return to his native land. It was an accident that caused his location at Bay City. He came here on a visit to his brother and was so impressed with the natural beautiful location and the evidences of commercial prosperity and educational advancement, that he decided to make it his future home.

When in the late war with Spain the soldiers of the American Army, youths born and bred in a vigorous Northern climate, were suddenly hurried to Southern points, without any chance to get acclimated, it was feared that yellow fever and kindred troubles would claim more victims than Spanish bullets. Realizing this. Dr. Newkirk offered his services to General .'\lger, then Secretary of War, who pre- sented them to the late President McKinley, who gladly availed himself of the knowledge and skill of one who had had such unusual experiences in tropical diseases. Dr. Newkirk fully realized what he was undertaking, but he heroically accepted the conditions and served through the whole period of the Spanish- American War as brigade surgeon, with the rank of major. His whole attention was devoted to the yellow fever camps and his remarkable work is a matter of war history. He returned to Bay City with a consciousness of duty well performed, but with his own system almost wrecked.

Dr. Newkirk has spent much time in foreign travel and has visited all the important centers of Europe, increasing his medical knowledge and his social acquaintance with those of congenial aims. He was a member of the International Congress of Military Surgeons who attended and carried on their deliberations at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition, at St. Louis, in 1904.

Dr. Newkirk was married to Mary J. Anderson, who is a daughter of John Anderson, of Dover, Ontario, but was born at Cleveland, Ohio. They had a family of six children, the two survivors being : Harry A., a graduate of the University of Michigan, class of 1896, who is now a practicing physician at Iron Mountain, Michigan ; and Dolores, now a resident of New York City. This cultured and accomplished lady was born in Corrientes, Argentine Republic. She graduated first from the Leggett School, at Detroit and then entered Vassar College, at Poughkeepsie, New York. She has traveled extensively in Europe and speaks the languages of France and Spain like a native.

Bay County Medical Society, the Michigan State Medical Society and the American Medical Association. He is surgeon of the Third Infantry, Michigan National Guard ; is a member of the Spanish War Veterans and the National League of Veterans and Sons. He is also United States pension examiner at Bay City. He was made a Mason at Asuncion, Paraguay.

OACHIM SIGELKO, one of the successful farmers and much respected citizens of Merritt township, who owns 40 acres of well-improved land in section 10, has made his own way in the world and through his own industry has become a man of independent means. Mr. Sigelko was born in Magdeburg, Germany, May 2", 1858, and is a son of Christopher Sigelko. Mr. Sigelko's mother died when he was four years of age, leaving two other children : Frederick, of Germany ; and John, of Tuscola County, Michigan. The father also died in Germany and our subject came alone to America and in 1880 reached Tuscola County, ]\Iichigan. For about three years he worked at railroad construction and on farms by the month, and then came to Bay City and began to work in sawmills and lumber-yards. After about 10 3'ears of this labor, Mr. Sigelko bought his farm of 40 acres in Merritt township, which at that time was all covered with a heavy growth of timber. For a time he lived in a little log house he found on the place, but since clearing his land and getting it under cultivation he has erected a very comfortable home and a substantial barn. He has made many other improvements and now has a valuable property in which he takes much pleasure.

November 3, 1863, and came to Bay County in 1 87 1 with her parents, August and Alary Mau. Mr. and Mrs. Sigelko have six children : Annie, Henry, Elsie, Emma, Bernhardt and Minnie. Tlie older ones attend school. In politics Mr. Sigelko is a Democrat. He is a member of the German Lutheran Church at Merritt. He bears the reputation of an honest, upright, industrious man, a good husband and father and a liberal supporter of the church.

ENRY C. THOMPSON, city engineer of West Bay City, Michigan, was born in Middlefield, Geauga County, Ohio, April 4, 1855, and is a son of Augustus and Rovilla (Johnson) Thompson.

William Thompson, the paternal grandfather of our subject, was born in Pennsylvania but before the birth of his son Augustus he had settled in Ohio. He was a soldier in the War of 1812. Later he became a substantial farmer. .'Xugustus Thompson was born March 12, 1825, in Middlefield, Ohio, and grew to manhood on the home farm in Geauga County. He married when about 26 years of age and in 1856 moved to Ashtabula County, where he was engaged in farming when the Civil War broke out. He was one of the first loyal patriots to respond to the call to arms and served through a threemonths enlistment in Company D, 19th Reg., Ohio Vol. Inf. and then reenlisted in Company A, 29th Reg., Ohio Vol. Inf., for three years but was honorably discharged in July, 1862, on account of disability. In the fall of that year he removed with his family to Bay City. Here he engaged in teaming, jobbing and farming for 14 years. In 1876 he went to Little Rock, Arkansas, where he spent two years on a farm and five years in a planing mill. Mr. Thompson then went to Texarkana, Texas, where he engaged in hotel-keeping for a year, after which he returned to Ohio and settled on a farm in the vicinity of Yellow Springs. There he followed farming for the next 20 years, but in 1904 he retired from active labor and is now a venerated member of his son's household at West Bay City. In spite of a life of unusual activity, Mr. Thompson is hale and hearty and bears his 80 years very easily.

Augustus Thompson was married first to Rovilla Johnson, who was a daughter of Erastus Johnson, a native of New York State, and they had two children : Henry C. and Frank C, the former of West Bay City and the latter of Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan. The mother of these sons died in 1890, aged 54 years. She was a good. Christian woman. Mr. Thompson was married second to Matilda Hamma, who died in 1904. Mr. Thompson is a member of the Masonic lodge at Yellow Springs.

Henry C. Thompson came to Michigan in the fall of 1862 with his parents, and accompanied them to West Bay City in 1864. He attended the public schools but the bent of his mind was so much in the direction of civil engineering that by the time he had completed the common-school course he had learned the practical details of his chosen profession under the instruction of J. M. Johnston, who was then city engineer at Bay City. The youth decided to become an engineer and in 1872 he went into Mr. Johnston's office and worked under him and under his successor, Capt. George Turner, until 1895. ^or a period of 10 years of this time he served as county drain commissioner. In 1895 he went to Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan, where he was engaged as civil engineer for the Board of Road Commissioners of Chippewa County, and remained there during 1895, 1896, 1897 and 1898. During the last three years he was also engaged as engineer and as superintendent of the water- works at Sault Ste. Marie. Mr. Thompson spent one year at Lansing, Michigan, as city engineer and then returned to the Sauk where he was assistant engineer on the Water Power Canal until 1891, when he became city engineer of West Bay City, a position he has filled ever since.

Mr. Thompson married Kate M. Whitmore, who is a daughter of George R. and Frances (Nims) Whitmore, of Champaig'n, Illinois. Mrs. Thompson was born in Vermont. Her father, the late George R. Whitmore, was a son of Perley Whitmore and was born in Winfield, Vermont, in 1835 and died March 8, 1897. He was a school teacher the greater part of his life, and came to Wenona, now West Bay City, in 1873, from Marine City, Michigan, where he had taught school for many years. In 1880 he left West Bay City and removed to Cape Girardeau, Missouri, where he engaged in the fire insurance business until his death. He married Frances Nims, who was born December 5, 1832, and is a daughter of Warren Nims. a native of New York. They had two children : Mrs. Thompson and Perley Nims. i\Irs. Whitmore makes her home with Mr. and Mrs. Thompson.

Politically the family voters have been identified with the Whig and Republican parties. Mr. Thompson has served in several political offices, having been deputy treasurer of Bay County for several terms and in 1882 and 1883 was city recorder of West Bay City. He is a member, like the other masculine members of the family, of the Masonic fraternity, and belongs to Wenona Lodge, No. 296, F. & A. M. of which he is past master ; of Blanchard Chapter, No. 59, R.A. M., and all the Scottish Rite bodies up to the i8th degree in Bay City. He is a 32d degree Mason, having taken the degrees from the i8th to the 32d in Michigan

RANK SERMEYER, who owns a valuable truck and fruit farm situated near Bay City, consisting of 30 acres in section 19, Hampton township, was born June 18, 1858, at Bay City, and is a son of Joseph and Theresa (Sattler) Sermeyer.

The parents of Mr. Sermeyer were born in Bavaria, Germany, the father in 1809 and the mother, in 181 6. The former died at Bay City at the age of 62 years, and the mother died on March 12, 1895, aged y^ years. Joseph Sermeyer came to America in 1852, a stone-mason and carpenter, trades he followed for a time and then engaged in farming. He was one of the first Republicans in his locality. In religious faith he was a Catholic. The children of Joseph Sermeyer and wife were: Jacob, who died in Germany; John N., of Bay City; J. B., of West Branch, Michigan; Joseph, who has been lost sight of; and Martin (deceased) and our subject, who were both born in America.

Frank Sermeyer has lived in Bay County all his life and was 10 years of age when the family removed to Hampton township. His little farm is one of great fertility and is in a high state of cultivation. He raises garden produce and fruit and makes a specialty of the tuber known as the "six weeks potato."

Ever since attaining his majority, Mr. Sermeyer has been identified with the Republican party, and on numerous occasions he has served in township offices. He is the present treasurer of Hampton township, has been constable and path-master, and in November, 1894, was a member of the Bay County grand jury. He bears the reputation of being one of the honorable and upright men of his section. He has owned his fine farm for the past 10 years, having acquired it through his own efforts. Both he and his wife are consistent members of the Catholic Church.

RANK ELLIOTT TYLER, an enterprising business man of Bay City, president of the Bay City Omnibus Company, president of the Wood's Opera House Company, one of the man?gcrs of the Crapo Building Company and one of the managers of the Shearer Brothers Building, was born April 4, 1852, at Flushing, Michigan, and is the only surviving son of the late Dr. Columbus V. and Marie (Herrick) Tyler.

Mr. Tyler was 19 years old when he accompanied his parents to Bay City, where he worked as Ixjokkeeper for the old dry goods house of Munger & Company for two years and then entered the Bay City Bank. In this institution he filled every position from bookkeeper to assistant cashier and is still associated with it as a member of its directing board.

r^Ir. Tyler then embarked in an extensive livery business, building for its accommodation the fine brick stable on Saginaw street, which is now occupied by the Bay City Omnibus Company. He was one of the organizers of this company and has ever since been its president. He has many other large business interests here, all of which are pushed with the vigor and success of an able business man. Although he has always shown commendable interest in the development of Bay City, he has never taken as active a part in city politics as have many of his contemporaries, usually casting his influence in the direction of tried, true men, oblivious of party ties. In 1890 he was elected alderman but an attack of typhoid fever prevented him taking as prominent a stand on the leading questions of that time as he desired. L'ntil 1896 he was a Democrat, by sympathy and rearing, but since then has been identified with the Republican party, voting first for the late President McKinley. He is a member of the Board of Police Commissioners and one of the directors of the Elm Lawn Cemetery Company.

In 1875 ^I''- Tyler married Ella Fay, who is a daughter of Hon. William L. Fay, who was one of the first mayors of Bay City. His son. La Fountain, is a student in the Detroit University and will graduate in the class of 1905 in mechanical engineering. The family belong to Trinity Episcopal Church, in which Mr. Tyler has been a vestryman for a number of years. Fraternally he is a member of Joppa Lodge, No. 315, F. & A. M., Bay City Chapter, No. 136 R. A. M., and the Scottish Rite bodies in Bay City to the i8th degree, and Scottish Rite bodies at Detroit from the i8th to the 32d. He is a member of Michigan Sovereign Consistory, S. P. R. S., and Moslem Temple, A. A. O. N. M. S., both of Detroit. Mr. Tyler assisted in the organization of the first lodge of Elks in Bay Cit3\ although he is not now connected with that body. Socially he belongs to the Bay City Club.

ICHARD GILLESPIE, principal of the Bay City Business College, is one of the well-equipped educators of Bay County. He was born near Cobourg, Canada, September 24, 1869, and is a son of Edward and Martha (Davies) Gillespie. The parents of Mr. Gillespie have passed their lives in the Dominion of Canada and now reside in the vicinity of Hamilton, Ontario, where they located about 1870. The father was born near Cobourg, December 7, 1824, and although he has passed his 80th milestone he is still active, both in mind and body. He has always led an agricultural life. He married Martha Davies and they had seven children, viz: William, of Battle Creek, Michigan; Elizabeth, wife of Wesley Packham, of Hamilton, Ontario; Sarah Jane, wife of George T. Packham, living near Hamilton, Ontario; Charles, of Perry Sound. Ontario; Mary, wife of D. D. Springsted, living near Hamilton; Margery, wife of Robert Lewis, of Hamilton, Ontario; and Richard, of this sketch.

Richard Gillespie comes of sturdy old Scotch ancestry, his paternal grandfather having left his native land on account of religious persecution. He settled at Belfast, Ireland, and some years later was an early settler in the Province of Ontario. Our subject was educated in the public schools at Hamilton, the Hamilton Collegiate Institute, the Albert College at Belleville, Ontario, and later secured a I St grade teacher's certificate from the Hamilton Institute. He then engaged in teaching in the suburbs of Hamilton for some four years, filling important and responsible positions. In

1897 he turned his attention especially to commercial work and subsequently came to Bay City to become principal of the business department of the college here, and in 1903 was appointed principal of the college. Notable changes have been made since his connection with the school, resulting in increased attendance and extended facilities. The graduates have no trouble in securing good positions, the thorough preparation given them here making them familiar with every form of a business education. Special attention is given to penmanship, Professor Gillespie giving this his personal direction. He secured his training at the Zanerian Art College at Columbus, Ohio.

Mr. Gillespie was married to Edith Williams, who is a daughter of Henry Williams, of Hamilton, Ontario, and they have three children : Margery, Cora and Florence. The family are adherents of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Our subject is a member of Joppa Lodge, No. 315, F. & A. M. He has made a name for himself in Bay County as an educator and has won many personal friends on account of his courteous manner and sterling character.

OHN M. ARNOLD, one of the leading men of Monitor township, who owns a fine, well-improved farm of 70 acres in section 30, Monitor township, and 30 acres in section 19, Bangor township, was born June 27, 1868, at Salzburg, Bay County, Michigan, and is a son of John G. and Anna B. (Zill) Arnold.

John G. Arnold was born in Bavaria, Germany, and came to America in 1853. on a sailing: vessel which was tossed on the ocean for nine weeks. Two years prior to this his two sisters had come to Bay County and were married and settled in Frankenlust township. Mr.

Arnold joined them and was a resident of the county from that time until his death, which occurred July 30, 1900. At first the young man sought any kind of work that he could do, providently saved his money and in 1854 bought 20 acres of wild land in Salzburg, which he placed under a fine state of cultivation and then added 40 acres more. Then, in partnership with two others, he bought 80 acres in ^Monitor township; in 1868, 30 acres in Bangor township; and in 1888, another 30 acres in Monitor township. All these lands he redeemed from the wilderness, draining, clearing and Cultivating them. He also owned 20 acres on Center street. Bay City, of which property all was sold but five acres. Prior to his death, he gave 66 1-3 acres to his son George L., and 30 acres to our subject, the latter being a wedding present. Politically he was a stanch Democrat. He was one of the leading members of the German Lutheran Church, of which he was a trustee and for two years was treasurer. His remains were laid to rest in Monitor township. His children were : Margaret (Mrs. A. G. Hufnagel) ; Barbara E., wife of George Feinauer; Michael, deceased; George L., a farmer of Monitor township; IMaria A., who married J. L. Hufnagel, and at her death left two children, - .\ndrew M. and Clara .A. ; Anna B., wife of George Leiberger; John M., of this sketch; and Kunigunda, deceased.

Our subject was educated in the schools of Frankenlust township and enjoyed the advantages of one term at Salzburg. When he married, his father gave him 30 acres in Monitor township and he purchased 40 acres, and he has continued to carry on general farming ever since. He has a very valuable property and an exceedingly pleasant home.

have had seven children, all of whom survive, except the eldest, George L., namely : John G., Adam G., Edwin G., Emily A. B., Alfred G., and Edmund L., the eldest 13 years old and the youngest, a babe of two years. This is a bright, merry, happy family, who will be given every chance to develop into first-class American citizens.

Grandfather Kolb was born in Germany in 1821, and his wife, in 1818. They came to America with their son, Thomas G. Kolb, in 1852, and Mr. Kolb worked in the lumber mills until he had earned enough to buy 11 acres of wild land in Frankenlust township. This was his home for many years. He adopted the principles of the Democratic party and was very highly thought of, and served as roadmaster and as township treasurer. He was buried in West Bay City. Mrs. Arnold's father was six years old when the family came to Michigan. He assisted his father until the age of 24 years, and then married, and became the father of 11 children, viz: Maria R. (Mrs. Arnold) ; Margaret E., wife of Leonard Gerlinger; Caroline A., wife of John Scherzer; George, of Brooks, Bay County ; Barbara .\. (Mrs. Heaberlaiid ) ; Johanna, wife of John Huber; John H., of Monitor township; Anna B., deceased ; Fred J., of Monitor township ; Michael G., deceased; and Emma, of Monitor township. Mr. and Mrs. Kolb reside in section 30, Monitor township.

Mr. Arnold has always taken part in politics and is one of the stanch Democrats of the county. In 1892 he was elected township treasurer and in 1893 ^^^ ^^^^^ reelected. The largest vote ever known in the township was polled and at the next election he had no opposition whatever. This was a pretty fair evidence of the confidence and esteem of his fellow-citizens. In 1894 he was appointed census taker by his friends" efforts, without his knowledge. In

1896 he was elected townsliip clerk and afterwards was reelected, serving in all six years. His capable management of the clerk's office has resulted in general satisfaction through the township, and by his courteous and obliging manner he has won hosts of friends. These regret the partial loss of hearing, which was caused by a serious accident in 1899.

ACOB F. BOES, proprietor of a meat market at No. 705 Adams street, Bay City, is also the owner of a large stock and fruit farm near the city. He is one of the enterprising and progressive business men of this locality^ having risen to a position of importance in the community from the lowest round of the ladder. He was born at Port Washington, Ohio, July 12, 1862, and is a son of Charles J. and Caroline (Eckfield) Boes.

Charles J. Boes was born in Birkenfeld, Germany, October 2, 1830, and died September 15, 1881. His father, John Boes, was a wealthy dealer in linseed oil and was a manufacturer of linen on the river Rhine. Charles J. Boes was a young man when he came to America and located at once in Cleveland, Ohio, where he became a malt buyer for a big malting concern. He traveled extensively through New York State, Michigan and Canada until 1852, in which year he entered the employ of the Penn- S3dvania Railroad Company as construction foreman. He had charge of a gang of 1,000 men in the construction of the "Panhandle" Railroad from Pittsburg to Columbus. He continued with that road until 1863 or 1864, then proceeded to Port Washington, Ohio, where he conducted a general store and meat market until 1872. In that year he moved to Coshocton, Ohio, where he leased and conducted a brewery with success for some years. In the winter of 1874-75 he purchased ice from Saginaw, Michigan, at $20 per ton F. O. B., but as he could not get a sufficient quantity $25,000 worth of beer was lost. He closed out the brewery and returned to Port Washington, where he went into the grocery and saloon business, at which he continued until his death. He was a Democrat in politics and served as alderman and held other minor offices. He was a very popular man, was generous to a fault and a good friend to all who knew him. He married Caroline Eckfield, who was born in Birkenfeld, Germany, February 2, 1836, and was a daughter of Jacob Eckfield. who came to this country from Germany in 1840 and lived at Mount Eaton, Ohio, where he followed farming. Eight children blessed this union, seven of whom grew up, namely : Caroline, wife of Edward J. Schmidt, of Unionville, Michigan; Elizabeth, deceased: Otto C, deceased; Jacob I". : George B., a carriage manufacturer of Bellingham, Washington; Christina, wife of Fred C. Leyer, of Unionville : and Theodore C. All were members of the German Lutheran Church. The Eckfield family is noted for its longevity, nearlv all reaching the age of 84 years or more. The father of Mrs. Boes died in 1875, aged 72 years, while his wife attained the age of 84 years.

Jacob F. Boes received a common-school education and when 13 years old started to make his own way in the world, working on a farm for $8 per month. He continued until October of the same year, then served an apprenticeship of three years to the tanner's trade, working at this eight months of the year, the other four months being spent in a planing-mill and in attendance at night school. He next served two years at learning the butcher's trade, after which on April 21, 1883, he came to Bay City, his capital at that time being $73.20, which he had saved out of his earnings. Two (lays later he began work for \V. E. Tapert, on Center avenue, and two months later for George W. Mansfield, with whom he remained until January 18, 1889. Two days later he entered the employ of L. Bertch & Son, and on August 26, 1890, formed a partnership with E. \V. Funnell, under the firm name of Funnell & Boes. After one year the partnership was dissolved and on September 14, 1891, he opened his i)resent meat shop. In 1896 he bought the old Partridge farm on the Tuscola road, where he lives and raises stock and fruit. He feeds more cattle than any man in Bay County, also sheep, hogs and poultry, and does much of his own killing. He is secretary of the Retail Butchers' Association. He is a member of Joppa Lodge, No. 315, F. & A. M. ; Lodge No. 88, B. P. O. E., and Camp No. 1328, M. \V. A., being venerable councillor for three years, during which time the membership of the lodge was increased from 14 to 140 members.

Jacob F. Boes was united in marriage with Katherine HofYmann, a daughter of Frank H. Hoffmann, of Bay City, who came here in 1854. This union resulted in the following issue : Lillian M.. aged 15 years; Helen L., aged 10 years ; Katherine May, aged five years ; Dolores C, aged three years. Our subject and his wife are members of the German Lutheran Church.

nWARD M. WRATTEN. a wellknown and popular railroad official of Bay City, occupies the position of freight agent of the Detroit & Mackinaw and Pere Marquette railroads.

Richard Wratten was born in Kent, Englantl, where he learned the trade of a carpenter. He was a young, unmarried man when he came to iVmerica. After following his trade in New York City for some time, he went to Utica, New York, where he worked as a carpenter during the remainder of his active life. He married Mars- E. Messenger, a daughter of John Messenger, of Jamaica, Long Island, and later of Sodus, New York. Their union resulted in three children, namely : Edward M. ; Amy ( Mr.s. Dagwell), of Utica, New York; and Mary Elizabeth, who is married and resides in Utica. Richard Wratten died in 1898, at the age of 82 years, his wife having passed away in 1894. when 84 years old. Both were members of the Protestant Episcopal Church.

Mr. Wratten's grandfather was a native of Kent, England, and a carpenter by trade. He came to America at the same time as did his son Richard, and for many years carried on business as a carpenter and joiner in Utica. He lived to the age of 88 years. On the maternal side, Mr. Wratten's great-grandfather (Messenger) was an early settler on Long Island.

The subject of this sketch attended the public schools of Utica. and after completing his early mental training was emploj^ed as clerk in a store until 1871. In that year he came to Michigan and located in Bay City, where he entered the employ of the Flint & Pere Marquette Railroad Com])any, as a clerk in the freight office. In the course of time he was promoted to be cashier, and in 1888 was again promoted to the position of freight agent.

At the beginning of Mr. Wratten's service with the company here, l)ut three men including himself, were employed in the freight office. The number of clerks and warehouse men now employed in the freight department in Bay City is 26. Much of the increase in business indicated by this fact is attributed to the faithful management of Mr. Wratten.

The subject of this sketch was married to Hester Jane White, a daughter of Thomas Wiiite, of Utica, New York. Four sons resuhed from their union, namely: Arthur D.. of Bay City, warehouse foreman for the Pere Marquette Railroad Company; and three who died in infancy. Mrs. Wratten died in January, 1902, aged 55 years. She was a member of Trinity Protestant Episcopal Church of Bay City.

In politics, Mr. Wratten is a Republican, Init is not ambitious for political preferment. Fraternally, he is a member of Joppa Lodge, No. 315, F. & A. M.: Blanchard Chapter, No. 59, R. A. M. ; Bay City Commandery, No. 26, K. T. : and Moslem Temple, A. A. O. N. M. S., of Detroit.

DWARD C. BABCOCK, a wellknown citizen of Bay City, is engaged in the business of a general decorator and dealer in wall-paper and painters" supplies.

Mr. Babcock was born in Buffalo, New York, February 3, 1861, and is a son of Edward V. and Sarah (Cornwell) Babcock. His father was a native of the same city, and learned the painters' and decorators' trade when a boy. This he followed as a journeyman in Buffalo until 1865. He then came to Bay City and pursued the same occupation about six years. At that period he established the business which the subject of this sketch now carries on. He was the first man engaged in this line of work in Bay City, and was active until the time of his death, which occurred in 1896. at the age of 56 years. His first location was at No. 508 Jackson street.

namely: Edward C. : George R., of Portland, Alichigan ; and Lucy, wife of Louis Koch, of Bay City. The father of this family attended the Methodist Episcopal Church, of which his widow is a member. Fraternally, he was a member of Bay City Lodge, No. 129, F. & A. M., of which he was worshipful master several years. He also belonged to Blanchard Chapter, No. 59, R. A. M., of which he was past high priest ; and to Bay City Commandery, No. 26, K. T.

Edwin Babcock, the father of Edwin V., was a native of Buft'alo, New York. There when a boy he learned the carpenter's trade, and pursued that vocation throughout his life. The subject of this sketch received his early mental training in the public schools of Bay City, after which he learned the trade of painter and decorator with his father. He also gave considerable study to portrait and figure work, in which line he is the only artist in the city. He was in business with his father from 1884 until the latter's death under the firm name of E. V. Babcock & Son.

In 1896 Mr. Babcock opened a store at No. 909 Center avenue, where he continued two years, and then moved to No. 816 Washington avenue, where he remained until 1905, when he located in his own building on Jefferson street, near the Pere Marquette Railroad Station. This was formerly the home of Devlin's Business College. At first Mr. Babcock merely dealt in wall-paper, paints and oils. Now he does an extensive business throughout the State in decorating churches and theaters and residences of the higher grade. He has done work on about 50 churches outside of Bay County and employs on an a\-erage 20 men throughout the year.

Harry N. The family attend the Congregational Church. Politically. Mr. Babcock ie a Republican, and has .ser\-ed a term as member of the Board of Education. He is not an aspirant for office.

I'raternally, the suliject of this sketch is a 32d degree Mason, being a member of Joppa Lodge, No. 315, F. & A. M. ; Michigan Sovereign Consistory, S. P. R. S., at Detroit; and Moslem Temple, A. A. O. N. M. S., at Detroit. He is also a member of the Maccabees and of the Modern Woodmen of America.

ELSON LETOURNEAU, who is a successful farmer and prosperous merchant in section 9, Kawkawlin township, and the owner of a farm of 40 acres here and of 160 acres in section 2, Garfield township, was born in the Province of Quebec, Canada, in 1846, and is a son of Eustache and Zoe (Ramon) Letourneau.

The parents of Mr. Letourneau were of French extraction. The father lived to the age of 76 years, l)ut the mother died when our subject was an infant. Of their 18 children, only two remain, - Nelson and Joseph, the latter of whom owns a 40-acre farm in section 9, Kawkawlin township.

Our subject was only a child when his father settled at Chatham. Ontario, and he worked there as a laborer until 1880 and then came to Michigan. He had learned the carpenter's trade and was employed for 10 years in F. W. Wheeler's shipyard in West Bay City, being a master workman in the ship carpenters' and caulkers' union. In 1891 he bought 40 acres of land in the northwest corner of section 9, Kawkawlin township, which he has operated ever since in connection with a general store. In 1902 he bought his second farm.

Mr. Letourneau was married first on May 18, 1868, to Elizabeth Pachett, who died in 1874, the mother of five children: Elizabeth (La Pane), deceased, who left one daughter, Elizabeth; Noel, who died aged 16 years; Emma (Duroshire), deceased, who left one daughter, Louise; Gilbert, who married Caroline Poirer and has five children; and Rosa, who married James Lagenness and has four children. In April. 1882, Mr. Letourneau was married to Maggie De Lisle, born in Canada, who died July 20, 1890, leaving two children, now deceased. Mr. Letourneau's third union was to Fanny Dupuis, who was born in Canada, and is a daughter of Boniface and Matilda (La Bounte) Dupuis.

During his residence in West Bay City, Mr. Letourneau took an active interest in city affairs and served as alderman of the First Ward for four years. He served also as school director and has held this position in Kawkawlin township for three years. He is a consistent member of the Catholic Church.

DWARD E. EVANS, the rising young man of afifairs, alderman and prominent fraternity man, modest as he is popular, was born at Selkirk, Province of Ontario, Canada, November 5, 1873.

The whirr and buzz of Bay City's many sawmills attracted many people from Queen Victoria's domain about 1882, and among the number was the Evans family. They came prepared to make their way by dint of hard and honest labor, and their expectations were not disappointed.

mite of a boy, early began life in Bousfield & Company's woodenware works in the South End. For three years he worked in the Leaver & Vance box factory, part of the time cuttingboxes by the thousand on contract, with Orpha Coffin, since deceased, and demonstrating thus early the qualities of enterprise and energy, that have since given him marked prominence and success in other fields. Desiring a still wider field of action, he entered the coal business with Charles Coryell in 1896, remaining for three years, and then taking a larger position with C. H. Klumph & Company in 1899, until in 1901 he became the active manager for Boutell Brothers & Company, the largest distributor of coal, cement, brick and masons' supplies in this part of the State. The success attending his well-directed efforts in this new field has earned for him the appreciation of the company, and the plaudits of the business community.

Though charged with the supervision of extensive and varied business interests, he has managed to find time for devoted and appreciated public service, being elected alderman of the I ith Ward by the largest popular vote ever given a ward candidate on the Republican ticket. He was reelected in April, 1905, for two years service on the first Council of Greater Bay City, and is chairman of the important committees on judiciary and ways and means. He has brought to his public duties the same exacting business methods and integrity that have brought him success on other fields of endeavor. The "Midget" of the City Council, tipping the scales at little above the century mark, he has in his brief public service made his presence felt along lines of public enterprise, tempered with sound business judgment.

the antlered tribe. He was a knight for two terms, and exalted ruler for two terms, stepping out of this position to accept "the rumpled and wrinkled robe of District Deputy for Eastern Michigan which has been ironed out and properly creased, and it now enfolds, by virtue of Grand Exalted Ruler O'Brien's dictum, the small stature but mighty form of Aid. Ed. E. Evans of Bay City," to quote the exact announcement made by The Friendly Elk, upon the promotion made in April, 1905, the recipient of the honor being too surprised to adjust the rolie properly, until he had the commission, under the great seal of the order, and this commission verified by wire through Grand Esquire Phelps, as the real thing and no counterfeit. Deputy Grand Exalted Ruler Evans was the representative to the Grand Lodge meeting at Cincinnati in 1904, and is one of the best known and most popular members of the order in Michigan. Equally exemplary has been his home life, being ever a devoted husband and fond father. In public or private life. Aid. Evans is one of those favored few, whose friends are indeed lesion.

HARLES F. KUHLOW, deputy county treasurer of Bay County, and one of the prominent and influential men of affairs at Bay City, was born in Bay City, January 21, 1874, and is a son of John and Caroline (Zahrt) Kuhlow.

The paternal grandparents of Mr. Kuhlow were Frederick and Maria (Erdman) Kuhlow, both of whom were born in Mecklenburg, Germanv. In 1873 Frederick Kuhlow came to Michigan and settled in Bay County. He became an employee of a lumber company at Bay City and was injured in one of the sawmills two vears later, which incapacitated him for the rest of liis life. He died in Monitor township. His five children were : John, of Monitor township ; William, of Bay City ; Fredericka, w'ife of John Black, of Monitor township ; Frederick, of Bay City; and Lena.

John Kuhlow, father of our subject, was born in 1844 at Strelitz, Mecklenburg, Germany. He was reared on the parental farm until he had reached the age of military service and then served in the army during the Franco- Prussian War. In the fall of 1872 he came to Bay City, where a brother was already settled, and for several years he was engaged in the lumbering industry, but later w^ent into contracting, owning a team of horses. In 1891 he moved to Monitor township and settled on a farm which he had taken up soon after coming to the county, and he has resided upon that property ever since. He is a supporter of the Republican party but is a man of domestic tastes and quiet life and has never desired political office. His marriage with Caroline Zahrt resulted in the birth of five children, the two survivors of the family being : Charles F., the efficient deputy county treasurer, and Gustave. Both ]\Ir. and Mrs. Kuhlow are consistent members of the German Lutheran Church.

Our subject enjoyed the educational advantages offered by the German Lutheran parochial schools and later the public schools of Bay City. After the completion of his education, he learned the trade of bookbinder and paper ruler, one which he followed first at Chicago and later at Detroit. In 1899 he returned to Bay City and embarked in a bookbinding business of his ow-n, one which he conducted with satisfactory success for several years, but increased business brought about the necessity of a partnership and he associated w-ith him O. W. Widman, the firm style becoming Widnian & Kuhlow. This continued until

I\Ir. Kuhlow's life-long fidelity to the Republican party was recognized about this time by his appointment to the position of deputy county treasurer of Bay County. This position Mr. Kuhlow still fills, his services giving entire satisfaction to the public at large.

Mr. Kuhlow has one of the very pleasant and attractive homes of Bay City. He married Alma Zagelmeyer, who is a daughter of Alexander Zagelmeyer.

In addition to being prominent in political and business life, Mr. Kuhlow has long been active in several fraternal organizations. He is a member of Joppa Lodge, No. 315, F. & A. M. ; McCormick Grand Lodge of Perfection; Bay City Council. Princes of Jerusalem ; Saginaw Valley Chapter, Rose Croix, all of Bay City; and Michigan Sovereign Consistory, S. P. R. S., and Moslem Temple, A. A. O. N. M. S., of Detroit. He is also an Elk and a Knight of Pythias and a member of the National League of Veterans and Sons. From 1892 to 1894 he was a member of Company C, Third Infantrv, Michigan National Guard.

AVID H. YOUNG. The late David H. Young, whose portrait is shown on the opposite page, was one of the most highly respected citizens of Bay County, Michigan, and at the time of his death owned 140 acres of fine land in sections 15 and 22, Alonitor township. Mr. Young was bom December 6, 1833, in Schoharie County, New York, and died in his comfortable home in Monitor township, on September 6, 1900, aged 67 years.

overseer of Henry W. Sage's salt-block. Mr. Sage owned one of the first salt-pits in this section, and, through Mr. Young's careful and economic management, this industry reached immense proportions. He continued as a valued employee of Mr. Sage until 1888. For seven years he made salt by the barrel and during his whole period with Mr. Sage was regarded by the latter as his "right hand man."

While Mr. Young's duties confined him to the salt-pits, he looked forward to the time when he could retire from that arduous work and settle down to peace and rest on his own farm. He therefore bought several tracts of well-located land, - one of 60 acres and another of 80. These he hired cleared and put under cultivation, making the second tract his home, to which he retired in 1898. For some 10 years Mr. Young enjoyed an agricultural life, growing on his fertile fields the crops best adapted to them and carrying on a large dairy, selling the milk product of 50 cows.

In 1870, Mr. Young was united in marriage with Elizabeth Davis, who was born in Luzerne County, Pennsylvania. She had one brother, Charles Davis, whom she lost sight of some 40 years ago. She accompanied Mr. Young to Bay County and materially assisted him during the early days, when hardships in this section were many and comforts few. She still survives and resides on the homestead.

Mr. Young was always identified with the Democratic party and, while he never would accept any office, he took a lively interest in his party's success. He was a charter member of Wenona Council, No. 38, Royal Arcanum, of West Bay City. His religion was one which must be recognized as a good one both to live and die by, a conscientious following of the "Golden Rule." He is remembered by all who knew him as a hearty, whole-souled, liberal. God-fearing man.

Apt. Augustus H. Gansser

APT. AUGUSTUS H. GANSSER, the editor and compiler of the historical features of this volume, whose portrait is shown on page 16 of this work, was born among the foot-hills of the Alps, in Wurtemberg, Germany, July 5, 1872. The quaint little village nestling among vineclad heights lies on the headwaters of the Xeckar, one of the main tributaries of "Father Rhine." Its rushing waters turned the old water-wheel of the primitive sawmill which for generations had been owned and operated by the Gansser family. The quaint old church, where he worshiped in his youth, had then celebrated its 350th anniversary, and his ancestors dated back their direct lineage even centuries beyond that period. Among the weatherbeaten stone crosses in the churchyard cemetery, the young student delighted to decipher the names of both branches of his family, who had helped to build that church and the chapel that had preceded it. In the old town hall were records that proved that the ancestors of both father and mother had stood high in the military annals of the "Fatherland," while others had served with equal loyalty, but less public clamor, in the pursuits of the sciences and the arts of peace.

Captain Gansser's grandfather, surnamed Augustus, according to time-honored family tradition took an active part in the revolutionary movement in Germany in 1848, and only his previous good service for his king and country saved him from banishment. But the sacrifices then made brought the family into financial difficulties, which eventually lirought the last survivor of the family to Michigan in 1873. Peter Baur, grandfather of our subject on his mother's side, was for over 30 years district treasurer and moderator, positions of trust held by his family for many generations before him, a faniilv heirloom. like the sur-

Augustus Gansser, the father of Captain Gansser, was educated at the University of Tubingen, but early found the confines of the little kingdom too narrow for his roving nature. Before marriage he traveled almost around the globe, his trip including a stay among the gold fields of Australia. Returning to take up the burden which age compelled his father to surrender, he wooed and won Miss Baur in 1865. The first three children died in infancy, but Emma (now Mrs. R. Boehringer) and the subject of this sketch brightened the lives of their grandparents' declining years. Both families would survive through these infants, and to the good old people who prized their family tree above all else, this meant much.

By 1872 a business depression throughout Germany brought the climax to the entanglements of the sawmill and gypsum properties, and reluctantly enough the family relinquished this heirloom of many generations to strangers. Hearing of the "big mill" in Wenona. the head of the family determined to apply his practical sawmill experience in the heart of the world's lumber industry in Bay County, and that very year began life anew as gang foreman for Henry \V. Sage on the W'est Side. Emma accompanied her parents, while Augustus H.. the immediate subject of this sketch, remained with his grandpai'ents, at their earnest solicitation. One by one the old folks passed away. Grandfather Baur dying after only a few days illness in the fall of 1880. The following March his daughter returned to the old home to straighten up family affairs, and in June the little lad, who never remembered seeing his mother, and who had studied assiduouslv in the German di.strict school, was united with his family at Bay City. Eugenia and Emil, born on the West Side in the meantime, and Emma took the little foreign stranger to the Sherman School, and for two years he worked hard to master a new language, trying experiences never to be forgotten by the principal.

In June, 1884, Augustus H. Gansser graduated from the Ninth grade and was admitted to the High School. The loss of father left the little family entirely dependent upon the invalid mother that summer, and the oldest son assisted by working before and after school, for local newspapers as carrier and mailing clerk. That fall he secured, in addition, a position with B. H. Briscoe & Company, then a box factory (in 1905 the Quaker Shade Roller Company), which he held for three years, continuing his newspaper work evenings, and studying nights. In 1887 August Rathke was accidentally killed at this factory while he and our subject were adjusting a broken lielt. and this fatality changed the whole course of the young man's life. His mother insisted other fields might be less remunerative at first, but they offered a wider field, were less dangerous, and within a week he began more than nine years experience in the carpet department of Capt. A. J. Cooke (formerly See Brothers & Cooke), for many years subsequently, city librarian.