Bay County, Michigan - Chapter 16, 1905 (part 1 of 12)

Chapter 16

Alaskan methods of communication were in vogue in Central Michigan before the railroads took the place of "blazed" trail and corduroy roads. Mail was carried in summer by boats. In winter dogs were hitched to a trainole, led by a frontiersman on snowshoes and followed by a guard similarly equipped. Their camps en route were pitched wherever night overtook them, but usually in the midst of the primitive forest. Stages ran for 20 years between here and Alpena.

From 1850 to 1862, James M. Miller conducted the "pony post" between here and Saginaw, using the ice on the river in winter, but during rainy reasons he had to leave his pony north of the Cheboyganing Creek, and make the rest of the route on foot through the quagmires of the marsh. Since then the Pere Marquette Railroad track has become a dyke for the lands back of it, and by huge dykes and drainage canals most of this rich tottom land on the east side of the river has been redeemed, the McGraw farm and the Fifield-Mundy farm being among the very richest in Michigan. The celery raised on the McGraw farm is far famed, bringing fancy prices down East, the

M. Ueberhorst, a graduate of Germany's agricultural college, built the first prairie farm dyke, the ditch being five miles long, 30 feet wide at the top and six feet deep. The embankment above was 30 feet wide at the bottom, and five feet high. The floods of many springs have failed to undermine or break this hard clay bank, overgrown with grass and bushes.

The Michigan Chemical Company, of Bay City, is dyking a 10,000 acre farm on the Shiawassee, a branch of the Saginaw, for raising sugar beets or their sugar houses at Owosso and Lansing. The marsh on the west bank (if the ri\-er has not yet been dyked, but the lands are all taken up, and the river will be still further restricted, and more farm lands added that once were thought by everyone to be worse than useless. That done, there will not be a spot in all Bay County that will not be habitable and cultivated.

north of Bay Cit)'. The latest State surveys show Standish to he 625 feet above tide : Ster- I'mg, 743, and Summit, 829. Omer, nearer the bay shore, is 610 feet above tide; Emery Junction, 672; and Alpena, 601.

The water level on bay and river has been steadily receding in recent years, but experts predict that a return tide will soon bring the water back to its former level. A more lasting change has been brought about in the valley by the clearing of the forests, for the weather for the last half century has been gradually growing milder. The summers are not as hot as formerly, forest fires are unheard of, and cool breezes sweep unrestrained over the valley, making Bay City a veritable summer resort during the heated term. The winters are also less severe, and the snow-fall year in and year out is nothing compared to the mountains of "snowy white" the early settlers encountered. March, 1905, has gone on record as the warmest March ever known here. Contrary to the dictum of old residents, "it came in like a lamb, and went out like a flock of sheep." Drainage, both by the county and by individuals, is greatly reducing the danger of spring freshets and increasing the value of farm property.

The Saginaw went on a rampage in ]\Iarch, 1904. The heavy rains of the preceding fall had filled all the water-ways of the valley to overflowing when the frost king sealed them up. With the advent of spring all these waters poured into the Saginaw, drowning several people, considerable cattle and other live stock and fowls, and causing heavy property loss, as well as ruining crops in the lowlands. The valley south of Bay City was one huge lake about nine miles wide, with only here and there the dykes of the railroads visible above the water level. The bridges were saved by the free use of dynamite to keep the ice floes moving

Some of the commercial fisherman near the Interurban bridge are in 1905 literally fishing on "Dorr's Farm." In 1835 Albert H. Dorr bought 200 acres of lowlands there for pasture purposes. According to the old pioneers, the river level raised gradually from 1830 to 1838, submerging Dorr's land, and considerably altering the course of the river bed. Where in the summer of 1835 stood bluejoint grass, four feet high, interwoven with pea blossoms, morning glories and other wild flowers, presenting an enchanting picture, there was nothing but murky water the following spring. The 150 cattle and 50 horses, kept by Judge Albert Miller for Mr. Dorr, with this prairie hay supply gone had to winter under the care of Indians on cane rushes near Ouanicassee ; only a few of the horses succumbed.

Most of the fisherman in the ice of Saginaw Bay left the dangerous fishing grounds with the first intimation of a break up, but as usual some of the more venturesome remained to the last. A party of five men and one woman, fishing 30 miles from Bay City, found fishing so good they staid after all the other shanties had left the site of "Iceburg." A south wind during the night compelled them to leave their fish and personal belongings behind, and trudge over the treacherous ice for 24 hours, often breaking through, before being rescued near Oa-at-ka Beach. The members of the party were starving and utterly worn out when rescued.

Bay City has reason to be proud of her public bridges. From north to south, we have the Belinda bridge, uniting Banks and Dolsenville; Third street bridge, uniting the business centers on both sides of the river; Lafayette avenue bridge, uniting Bay City S. S., with Salzburg; and Cass avenue bridge uniting the

During the height of the lumber industry in the valley, the fire demon was much feared in Bay City. Time and again whole squares were wiped out in a few hours, despite all that the department and citizens could do. The fire which wiped out the heart of the South End in 1894 was the worst on record, all the buildings, sidewalks and trees in 32 squares being licked up. Forest fires were also much dreaded by the isolated settlers. In 1871 a forest fire swept over a large area to the southeast, Fred Beyer and his neighbors in Merritt township losing barns, fences, crops and timber valued at thousands of dollars, while the timber on the government lands wiped out would have aggregated a value, even in that period, of several hundred thousand dollars. With the clearing of the woods, this danger gradually grew less, until in 1904 not a single serious fire was reported.

An effort is being made to reduce the fire department companies by one man each, thus saving $1,500 annually. Since Bay City's low fire insurance rate is largely due to the efficency of this department, i)roven on many occasions, this economy would proba!)ly prove quite costly in the end.

as the peer of baseball twirlers, 1880-95, "^^'^lo played here in 1883-85, then for years was with Chicago, until sold for Si 0,000 to the world's champion team at Boston. He is still active in promoting the national game locally.

The Federal census of 1900 tells us that Bay County with 63.448 people has 333 factories, with 10,086 employees. Of these, Bay City, East Side, has 201 factories and 4,975 employees and the West Side, 69 factories with 4,179 employees. Pinconning with 729 people has seven factories, with 84 employees. Essexville, with 1,639 people has nine factories, and 502 employees.

Bay City had a Board of Commerce as far back as 1865, but periodically these worthy institutions come and go, lost usually for the lack of support by the business men and community at large. In 1905 the Board of Trade is a real. li\'e affair, with Walter D. Young, president, and L. ]\I. Persons, secretary. A strong executive committee, composed of our most public-tepii]ited and enterprising young business men augurs well for effective work for the welfare of Greater Bay City. A wealth of opportunities cluster about out river highway of trade and commerce. It only remains for our progressi\e citizens to attract the outside world's attention to our many advantages. There is a wide field for action for our Board of Trade.

The Bay City Club has for 35 years been one of the city's metropolitan institutions. In the burning of Wood's Opera House four years ago, the club lost all its property. In 1904 this enterprising organization built the beautiful, new, four-story club house on the Park plaza, Center avenue, and it is to-day the best equipped club house in Michigan. Every convenience is afforded for the recreation and en* joyment of its members and visiting business men. Baths, bowling alleys, gymnasium and physical culture rooms provide healthful recreation. The cafe and dining rooms, presided over by Stewart Upton, of Chicago, look well to the care of the inner man, while the reading room, billiard and card parlors, lecture room and ball room, all exquisitely furnished, airy and modern in every particular, make the club house the most popular rendezous of our business men and their families. Brilliant social functions weekly are the order of the season.

While the voters in Bay County were registering their will on April 3, 1905, a terrific shock rocked the roundabout country about 4 p. m. Three employees of the Thomas nitroglycerine works near Kawkawlin had been blown to atoms in the dynamite storehouse. A hole 35 feet deep and 30 feet in diameter alone marked the spot where the little brick structure had been for years. The men had no business there, and the cause of the explosion will always be a mystery. A little basket full of shredded human flesh and skin, picked from roundabout trees and bushes, was all that was found of the three unfortunates, one of whom was an Indian. Funeral services were held two days later, and the mortal remains were interred in a single grave. Windows in houses 10 miles away were broken, while some near the dynamite factory escaped injury.

Early on Sunday morning, April g, 1905, the inmates of the County Poor Farm found flames issuing from the roof near the chimney, and in less than two hours all the adjoining buildings were an ash heap. The inmates, many of them aged individuals, were with difficulty removed, and sheltered for the time being in the Bethel Mission, Third and Water streets. Plans for a new county farm building to cost $25,000 will be approved May nth.

The Hecla cement plant near the mouth of the river will untangle its legal difficulties in June, 1905, when by the order of the United. States Circuit Court the property will be sold at public auction, but no bid will be considered for less than $930,000, with $50 cash deposit to bind the bid.

Greater Bay City has now become an established fact, with 45,000 people, and all the natural advantages for future growth and development. The first message of the first mayor, issued April 10, 1905, urges economy in municipal management of public affairs. The first act of the united cities' first Council provides for standard time, and for clearing up the mixed financial status of the West Side. The Board of Supervisors on April 25, 1905, elected George Hartingh, of Pinconning, chairman for this term, contrary to expectations as the city has a majority on the board, but by his first act he evened up matters by giving Greater Bay City a majority representation on the committee on equalization, thus making it possible, for the first time in years, for the city to secure a fairer apportionment of the county's taxes, which heretofore have been largely assigned to the East Side. The next act of the hoard provided for passing an enabling- act through the Legislature, which was done April 27, 1905, allowing Bay County to bond for $20,000 for the erection of a new stone and brick home on the County Poor Farm, destro}-ed by fire April 9th. The first joint action of the business men of the united city resulted in securing the Faulkner Solvay Process Chemical Company, which will erect a monster plant on the West Side, north of the Kern mill : capital $200,000. The new hotel project is also being boomed, ex-Mayor Frank T. Woodworth.

Hon. Spencer O. Fisher, W. D. Young and others subscribing $10,000 each toward the $100,000 required for a hotel better suited to the needs of the larger cit}-, which has been served by the Eraser House for nearly 40 years and by more recent but smaller hostelries. An auditorium to accommodate large public meetings. State and national conventions, is another immediate local necessity.

Look about us where we will, in this month of April, 1905, we find much of encouragement and satisfaction in our living conditions. The booming days of the lumber industry are gone beyond recall, but to this place have come hundreds of smaller but more permanent industries. Many cozy new homes, and a number of palatial residences on Center avenue, will in 1905 add to the wealth and beauty of the metropolis of Northern Michigan. All our industries are in motion, no one need be idle, and our future prospects are brighter than before in many years. Providence has done much indeed for the "Garden Spot of Michigan." Let every one enjoying these blessings contribute a little effort in the years to come for progress, w'holesome growth, and the general advancement of individual and collective prosperity.

GRACE TUPPER, M. D. The pages of a history of Bay County would lack completeness without the honored name of the late Dr. Horace Tupper, that good man, kind and genial gentleman and skilled and experienced physician. The late Dr. Tupper, whose portrait is herewith shown, was born at Pine Plains, Columbia County, New York, October 2, 1830, and was a son of Dr. Archelaus and Leah (Strever) Tupper.

His father was a very prominent physician in Columbia County, and the young man seems to have been divided in his affection for medicine and mechanics. After completing the public school course, he secured his father's permission to enter a machine shop where he could be instructed in mechanical engineering, spending his days among the whirring of wheels and the turning of great lathes, and his evenings in his father's study, just as much absorbed in works on physiology and anatomy. As a result of his work in the machine shop, he invented and patented several valuable devices, one of these being a fare-box for cars and another being a street railway switch. The latter he introduced in the street railway system at Buffalo, New York, and it is yearly becoming more and more used on all street railway lines.

Until he was 20 years old. Dr. Tupper read medicine under his able father, and then entered the office of Dr. Frank Hamilton, who at that time was professor of surgery in the Buffalo Medical School. He thus enjoyed more than usual advantages, as he had full access during his term of study with Dr. Hamilton, to the Sisters' General Hospital. He then entered the Edward Street Female Hospital at Buffalo, where he combined study and practice for some two years and was graduated from the Buffalo Medical School in February, 1862.

The young surgeon found a coveted opening in the Civil War, then in progress, and, first as assistant and later as full surgeon, with rank of major, he entered an Ohio regiment and was assigned to service in a battery of the Sixth Division of the Army of the Tennessee. Dr. Tupper remained with his battery until he reached Corinth, Mississippi, participating in the meanwhile in the battles of Pittsburg Landing. Farmington and Corinth, and in many minor engagements. His preceptor, Dr. Hamilton, had gone into the service in order to make a special study of gunshot wounds. Both subsequently left the army and Dr. Hamilton located in New York City, where he became a great surgical authority.

In 1863, Dr. Tupper became interested with Samuel Bolton, a capitalist and lumberman of Philadelphia, in the manufacture of salt in the Saginaw Valley, building and operating a salt-block in connection with a sawmill which they had purchased. Without technical language, their plan was to use exhaust steam from the mill and also use the slabs and sawdust to keep up the required amount of heat to crystalize the salt. The plan proved successful and was quickly adopted by others and is still used in the salt-blocks of the Saginaw Valley.

By this time Bay City had grown into quite a village and Dr. Tupper was recalled to his profession, for years being the only accredited surgeon in all this locality, for 15 years traveling all over this territory to answer calls for liis surgical skill, and even continued to practice until the close of his life. After the graduation of his nephew, Dr. Virgil L. Tupper, from medical school, he had delegated his night work to the latter and had gradually retired from practice, but many of the older families could never feel safe in any other medical hands than those of the older doctor, who had so faithfully ministered to them. His death occurred on April 16, 1902.

On December 24, 1862, the year of his graduation from the Buffalo Medical School, Dr. Tupper was married to Elizabeth Trinder, a refined and cultured English lady, who is a daughter of William Trinder, of Chadlington, Oxfordshire, England. After her father's death, her mother married again and died at Bridgeport, Connecticut. Dr. and Mrs. Tupper had one son, Horace Tupper, Jr., who is an attorney at Bay City.

The late Dr. Tupper was always identified with the Republican party and was something of a politician, although he never was willing to accept political honors. He was actively interested in the Grand Army of the Republic and served as commander of the H. P. Merrill Post at Bay City. In all medical progress in this section, he was a leader for years. With Dr. Thomas he organized the Bay County Medical Society and was one of the organizers of the Michigan State Medical Society. He was one of the valued members of the American ]\Iedical x\ssociation and seldom missed one of its meetings and continually contributed to its literature. He had many pleasant social connections and the Tupper home has long been known as a center of literary refreshment and refined hospitality.

In this beautiful home; in the homes of others to which his presence brought comfort and healing ; along the city streets ; in the conventions where men of science prove their marvelous discoveries; at the meetings of civic bodies and boards of public charities ; and in a hundred other avenues of honor and usefulness, this great-hearted, kind, genial, able man will long be remembered.

E. JENNISON, president of the Jennison Hardware Company, of Bay City, Michigan, is one of the city's early business men and representative citizens. He was born in 1829, at Baton Rouge, Louisiana, and is a son of William Jennison, who removed to New York City when our subject was five years old.

William Jennison engaged there in the iron business in the metropolis under the firm name of Mackey, Oakley & Jennison. His home was in Brooklyn, but his death occurred in the city of Philadelphia.

C. E. Jennison came to Lower Saginaw (now Bay City) in 1850 and entered into general business in partnership with James Eraser. In 1864 he sold his other interests and entered into the hardware line, but is no longer active in its work, the business being under the management of William F., G. B. and D. M. Jennison. Formerly, Mr. Jennison was interested in other industries of this section and was one of the first to engage in the salt business.

For many years after coming to this city, Mr. Jennison took a very prominent part in its development along all lines, and he served on civic bodies and assisted in the founding of the present school system. Politically he has always been in sympathy with the Republican party. In earlier years he was active in the IMasonic and other fraternal societies.

VMES FRASER, deceased, one of the original proprietors of Lower Saginaw, IMichigan, and one of the original promoters of Bay City, was born in Inverness, Scotland, February 5, 1S03. His father was a British soldier in early life and participated in the war against the French in 1796. He lost his leg at the Island of St. Luce, and thereafter received a pension from the British government. His wife survived him some years, and spent the last year of her life with her son at Saginaw and her daughter at Lower Saginaw, dying in 1850.

When James Eraser was quite young, he engaged in business for himself, early showing those qualities which enabled him in later years to overcome successive reverses and rise triumphant to a station among the foremost financiers of his section of the State. He had no early educational advantages and frequently in the days of his youth waded barelegged through snow to carry a message to earn his ha' penny, and daily took a brick of turf under his arm to the village school as fuel for the fire. He achieved some success in his native country and upon coming to America in 1829 was possessed of several thousand dollars. His first business venture, however, was not a success.

In company with two or three Scotchmen, he attempted to build a sawmill in Rochester, Oakland County, Michigan. He spent his first winter in this country making preparations. They paid exhorbitant prices for materials and supplies and in the spring found their funds about exhausted, necessitating the abandonment of their enterprise. Mr. Eraser's experience proved costly though valuable in the lessons it taught, for he had only $100 left of the money he brought to this country. With this sum he went to Detroit, established a small grocery and made money rapidly. In the fall of 1833, he moved to the vicinity of Saginaw and occupied a piece of land along the Tittabawassee River, which he had previously purchased. At this time there was only an Indian trail between Flint and Saginaw, and the trip had to be made on horseback or on foot. He took his family with him; his wife, being then but 17 years old and having an infant in her arms, was pulled along on a sort of sled, although it was not winter time and there was no snow on the ground. After seeing his family well-located, he returned to Detroit to purchase cattle for his farm. W'hile driving the cattle on foot, between Flint and Saginaw they became wild and left the trail. He ran after them until he was tired out and heated, when he took off his coat and carried it. Finding what he thought to be the trail, he hung his coat on a shrub, while he ran to head off the cattle from again going astray. But when he returned to get his coat, he could not find it, although he searched for it several hours. After he had become a very wealthy man he used to tell that that was his severest loss, as the pocket of that coat contained $500, all the money he had in the world. He cleared some land and planted an orchard, which became the most flourishing in this section of the State. In the division of his estate after his death, this farm went to his daughter, - Mrs. A. B. Paine, of Saginaw. He found locating and deahng in government lands more profitable than farming, and devoted his energies to that end, removing with his family to Saginaw in 1836. In 1835 and 1836 land in good locations brought big prices, and his keen foresight and good judgment enabled him to multiply his fortune. In 1836, he was one of the promoters of the Saginaw Bay Company, which purchased the site of Bay City, but the panic of 1837 wrecked the company and most of the stockholders.

His remarkable record in business from 1835 to 1838 and the fact that he withstood the panic^ which carried nearly all down to ruin, marks him as a master of finance. He bought lands when they were cheap and held them until they greatly increased in value. After the failure of the Saginaw Bay Company, in association with several others he purchased considerable scrip and became one of the proprietors of Lower Saginaw. In 1845, ^''^ built a water-mill on the Kawkawlin River and began the manufacture of lumber. During the next three years he was interested in building and operating two steam sawmills on the Saginaw River, and later a steam-mill on the Kawkawlin River. He succeeded Judge Riggs as Indian farmer, the only office he ever held for which he received pay.

About 1857 he and his family removed to Lower Saginaw (now Bay City) and here in a commodious mansion was dispensed a most liberal hospitality. In this city his energies were devoted not alone to private enterprises. but to public improvements as well. The church edifice on Washington street, in which the Baptists worshiped, was almost wholly a gift from him. About the last of his business enterprises was the erection of the Fraser House at the corner of Center and Water streets, which he did not live to see completed. In 1864, feeling the necessity of rest and quiet after so many years of activity, he retired with his family to Brooklyn, New York, where they resided a few months, then removed to Westport, Connecticut, where he resided until his death on January 28, 1866. His last sickness came on as an ordinary cold and developed into typhoid pneumonia, from which he never recovered. His death was sadly mourned in Bay City, where the impress of his deeds and accomplishments stand as a monument to his memory. His remains were buried at W^estport, Connecticut, but were afterward removed to Elm Lawn Cemetery, Bay City.

In 1832, Mr. Fraser was united in marriage with Elizabeth Busby, a young English woman of more than ordinary attractions who came to this country with her parents in 1831. She was born in London, England, March 23, 1817, and was a daughter of James and Ann (Perry) Busby. James Busby was a native of Somersetshire, and was reared on a farm. He came to this country with his family and first settled in Detroit, then removed to Saginaw in 1833, he and James Fraser taking up farms on opposite sides of the river. He died at Saginaw in 1840. He married Ann Perry, also a native of England and a daughter of Joseph and Sarah (Brittain) Perry. To this union came the following offspring: Joseph, who died at De Land, Florida, January 29, 1905, aged 92- years ; James ; Elizabeth, wife of James Fraser ;- Thomas, of Ypsilanti, Michigan ; Lucy, deceased, who first married Ebenezer W. Perry, and, after the latter's death, married a Mr. Shaw; and Edward, who lives in New York City. Mrs. Fraser was a devout Christian and a member of St. Paul's Protestant Episcopal Church of Detroit. She died in 1848, aged 31 years to a day. James Fraser and his wife became the parents of the following children :

Alexander D., born October 6, 1833, deceased in 1850; Annie, born July 30, 1836, wbo is the widow of William McEwan, a record of whose life appears elsewhere in this work ; Elizabeth, born August 31, 1838, who is the wife of Elias B. Dennison, of Mobile, Alabama ; Jennie, born October 11, 1842, and deceased in 1900, who was the wife of Alderman B. Paine, who died in 1904; John J., born December 4, 1844, deceased in 1866; and William Wallace, born March 14, 1848, deceased in 1862.

On October 28, 1850, Mr. Eraser formed a second marriage, with Susan Moulton, of Westfiort, Connecticut, a woman of beautiful character and during his life she continued his faithful helpmeet. The life and character of Mr. Eraser were above reproach. He was a man of untiring energy and perseverance, and once having determined upon a policy he fought his way to the end, overcoming obstacle after obstacle. Eew are possessed of the hardihood and courage required by the kind of life he led. The volume of his business would be considered enormous even at the present day, when we have modern facilities such as railroads and telegraphs. He had a retentive memory and although for years his head was his ledger, he transacted his affairs with the utmost exactness as to details. In his intercourse with men he was most genial and pleasant, and enjoyed the friendship of everyone.

ON. NATHAN B. BRADLEY, the first mayor of Bay City, Michigan, ex-Member of Congress, founder and head of the firm of N. B. Bradley & Sons, and for a great many years one of the most active business men of Bay County, was born in Lee, Berkshire County, Massachusetts, on May 28, 1831. The Sag-

The father of the subject of this sketch wasa native of Massachusetts, where he was engaged in the tanning business until 1835. In that year he removed to Ohio, where the subject of this sketch attended the common schools. After finishing his schooling, Nathan B. Bradley began at the age of 16 years to learn the trade of a custom clothier. Having mastered this trade, he journeyed to Wisconsin in the' fall of 1849 ''"d there secured employment in a sawmill. He returned to Ohio in 1850 and in partnership with a brother engaged in the sawmill business until 1852. In that year Mr. Bradley came to Michigan. After living three years near Lexington, in Sanilac County, he removed in 1855 to St. Charles, in the Saginaw Valley, where he took a position as superintendent of a lumbering plant. In 1858 he removed to Lower Saginaw (now Bay City), and in the following year assumed the management of what was then called the "Erost & Bradley Mill." After managing this mill in 1859, he rented and operated it in i860, and in 1861, with two of his brothers, purchased it and operated it under the name of N. B. Bradley & Company. The manufacture of salt was added to the lumber business in 1864 when this company built the first modern steam salt-block in the Saginaw Valley. It was located near the foot of 1 6th street, in Bay City. This company afterw^ard built two other blocks in connection with the lumber business, and was successfully engaged in the manufacture of lumber and salt until 1891. The firm of N. B. Bradley & Company was composed of Nathan B. and his two brothers, Charles and Erederick E., of Chicago. About the year 1878, Frederick E. withdrew- and Nathan B: and Charles continued under the original company name and style until about the year 1880 or 1881 when, Charles having previously died, Nathan B. took his two sons into the business as partners, under the name of N. B. Bradley & Sons, which firm is still in business in Bay City. Mr. Bradley was -one of the active organizers of the Bay County Salt Association, and was for 3'ears a director -therein and for some years treasurer thereof. ;He also took a prominent part in the early development of the beet sugar industry, which has since grown to large proportions.

In January, 1867, Mr. Bradley engaged in the banking business in association with B. E. Warren. On the reorganization of the First National Bank of Bay City after its failure, he became one of the stockholders and served as vice-president of the institution for several years.

Mr. Bradley's political career has been extended and honorable, and he has rendered valuable service to his city, county and State. In 1865, when Bay City was incorporated, he was -elected its first mayor. In the fall of 1866 he -was elected to the State Senate, and in 1872 -was elected to the 43rd Congress, in which he was a member of the committee on public lands and rendered valuable service thereon. While in Congress, he secured appropriations for dredging the channel of the Saginaw River and for improving other harbors in his district. This work was of prime importance. Mr. Bradley was also a member of the 44th Congress, and served on the committee on claims, -on which he maintained a creditable record. During these two sessions of Congress, he represented what was then the 8th Congressional District of Michigan, since which time the district has been divided and Bay City is now in the loth Congressional District.

He Old Second National

BANK of Bay City has long been considered one of the leading financial institutions of the Saginaw Valley. It has age, experience and capital to back it. It was organized May 5, 1874, with a capital of $100,000, with 30 original shareholders, of whom only two are now living in Bay City. Of the other 28 original members, 14 have removed to other points and the hand of Death has laid the others low. The great institution they founded, however, continues to grow along the same lines of conservatism and safety that its founders laid out.

The first board of directors of the Second National Bank, by which title the bank was known during the life of its first charter, included these prominent citizens: W. H. Sage; John McGraw; William Westover; A. J. Cooke ; Wheeler L. Plum ; Judge Albert Miller ; W. H. Tonsey and George E. Smith, all of Bay City; and F. F. Hyatt, William L. Smith and Alexander McFarlen, of Flint, Michigan. The first officers were : William Westover, president ; John McGraw, vice-president ; and Wheeler L. Plum, cashier. The first banking office was situated on the corner of Fourth and Water streets. Bay City. In the fall of 1876, the office was moved to No. 723 North Water street, at the foot of Center avenue. The first commercial deposit was made by A. Hyman, a clothing merchant of Bay City.

The first change came about upon the death of Wheeler L. Plum, on January 10, 1878, when Martin INI. Andrews was elected to succeed as cashier. On the first of the following

May, 1878, the State Bank, an old-established institution, consolidated with, or was absorbed by, the Second National Bank, with the following official staff : \\' illiam Westover, president ; Alonzo Chesbrough, vice-president ; Orrin Bump, Cashier; and M. M. Andrews, assistant -cashier.

The banking office was now removed to the Westover Opera House Block, on the corner of ^Vashington and Center avenues. This building was destroyed by fire on January 17, 1886, and was replaced by the present stately and commodious structure. At the time of uniting with the State Bank, the capital was increased to $200,000, and at a later date, to $250,000. On May 5, 1894, the first charter expired and the bank was reorganized under its present title, - The Old Second National Bank.

During the first 20 years of its charter existence, the bank enjoyed a large share of the business patronage of the community at a time when the lumbering interests of this part of the State were in the most flourishing condition. Shareholders were paid regular dividends of five per cent., semiannually, and at the close of the 20 years they were paid, in addition to the par value of stock, 50 cents on the dollar in accrued profits. The Old Second National Bank began business with a capital of $400,000, but during the panic of 1897-99 it ^'^'^s conservatively reduced to its present amount, - $200,000.

The new bank officials, after the above reorganization, were: Orrin Bump, president; D. C. Smalley, vice-president; Martin M. An- 'drews, cashier; and Charles M. Bump, assist- ! ant cashier. In July, 1899, D. C. Smalley died and was succeeded by Capt. James E. Davidson as vice-president. On May 31. 1903, President Orrin Bump retired on account of failing health, and Capt. James E. Davidson became president and Frank P. Chesbrough. vicepresident. Mr. Bump, who had so long been executive head of the bank and its active manager, removed to California, and M. M. An- Andrews became the manager. At the annual meeting on January 10, 1905, Capt. James E. Davidson was elected president; Frank T. Woodworth, vice-president; and John L. Stoddard and George B. Jennison, directors. In addition to the two directors just named, the board is made up as follows : Edgar B. Foss, Capt. James E. Davidson, Frank P. Chesbrough, Frank T. Woodworth and Martin M. Andrews.

Since its organization this bank has shown a steady growth. At the close of business on December 31, 1877, the daily statement showed amount of bills discounted to be $180,888 and deposits $141,566. In November, 1904, the bank statement showed : Bills discounted, $897,613.00, and deposits, $196,725.00. During the first 10 years of the present corporate existence, - from May 5, 1894, to May 5, 1904, - the shareholders were paid $113,000 in dividends. In addition to that, there were credited to surplus fund $75,000, with still a balance of over $46,000 to credit of undivided profits. Thus it will be seen that the bank has well sustained its reputation of being one of the leading financial institutions of this section of the State.

lLLl.\:\t D. FITZHUGH. The late William D. Fitzhugh was identified so closely \\ith the early interests of the Saginaw \'alley, to which he came with his bride in 1849, that a history of the notable men of Bay County, men whose enterprise, energy, judgment and capital contributed to its development, must include his name among the leading characters. Mr. Fitzhugh came of a family of substance and influential connections. He was born in Livinston County, New York, and was a son of Dr. Daniel Hughes Fitzhugh and Anne Frisby Dana, his wife.

William D. Fitzhugh was descended on his father's side from William Fitzhugh, of Bedford, England, who was born in 1570. The latter's son, Henry Fitzhugh, also of Bedford, was born in 161 5. Col. William Fitzhugh, son of Henry and great-great-great-grandfather of the subject of this writing, was born in Bedford, England, in 1651, and was the first of the family to locate in this country, settling in Westmoreland County, Virginia. He was married to Sarah Tucker on May i, 1674, and died in Virginia, in 1701. His son, George Fitzhugh, of Stafford County, Virginia, married Mary Mason. Col. William Fitzhugh, of Stafford County, Virginia, the son of George and great-grandfather of our subject, was born January 11, 1721, and died February 11, 1798. He married Mrs. Anne Rousby, nee Frisby, of Cecil County, Maryland, January 7, 1752. She was born September 15, 1727, and died March 26, 1793.

Col. William Fitzhugh, the grandfather of our subject and son of the Col. William Fitzhugh just named, was born in Calvert County, Maryland, October 6, 1761, and died December 29, 1839. His wife, Ann Hughes, to whom he was married October 18, 1789, was born April I, 1 77 1, and died March 28, 1828. Col. William Fitzhugh, with his friends and neighbors, Nathaniel Rochester and Charles Carroll, visited Western New York in 181 5, after taking part in the War of 1812; they purchased lands in Livingston County, including the site of the present city of Rochester, which was named in honor of one of the party. Colonel

Dr. Daniel Hughes Fitzhugh, the father of our subject and son of Col. William Fitzhugh, of Livingston County, New York, was. was born April 20, 1 794, in Washington County, Maryland, near Hagerstown. He studied medicine and secured his degree but never followed the profession, having become interested in land values at an early date and continuing to be thus interested until his death, which occurred April 23, 1881, at the age of 87 years.

On April 11, 1820, Dr. Daniel Hughes Fitzhugh was married to Anne Frisby Dana,, who was born at Geneva, New York, December 22, 1803, and who died February 21, 1850. To Dr. Fitzhugh and wife were born 10 children, four of whom still survive. Mrs. Fitzhugh was a daughter of Capt. William Pultney Dana, who was born in Shrewsbury, England, July 13, 1776, and who was married in April, 1802, to Anne Frisby Fitzhugh ; the last named was born in Calvert County, Maryland, in 1782, and died in Geneva, New York, in January, 1804. Captain Dana died in Shrewsbury, England, June 29, 1 86 1. He was a son of Rev. Edmund Dana, who was born at Cambridge, Massachusetts, November 18, 1739, graduated from Harvard in 1759, and was married about 1765 to Helen Kinnaird. Rev. Edmund Dana lived during great portion of his life in England, where he died May 7, 1823. He was a son of Richard Dana, who was born at Cambridge, Massachusetts, in 1699, graduated from Harvard in 1718 and died in 1772. The wife of Richard Dana was Lydia Trowbridge, of Boston, Massachusetts. His father was named Daniel Dana.

justly represented to be one of the finest farming districts of the Union, in aildition to being rich in mineral wealth and transportation facilities. Among those who came to see this land of promise for themselves, were a little party of capitalists from Livingston County, New York, who made the trip in 1834. Satisfied as to the future of this country, then but a dense woodland wilderness, they invested in large tracts of land, Dr. Fitzhugh and Judge Charles H. Carroll buying many acres in the rich Saginaw Valley. After the admission of Michigan to the Union, in 1837, and the establishment of a stable government, Dr. Fitzliugh purchased more land, becoming possessed of all that tract along the river which is now the site of West Bay City, and later he became one of the proprietary owners of Lower Saginaw (now Bay City).

The late William D. Fitzhugh grew to manhood surrounded with every influence to develop his mental faculties and physical strength. He remained in Livingston County until his marriage in December, 1848, to Anne Carroll. This lady is a daughter of the late Hon. Charles H. and Alida (Van Rensselaer) Carroll. Mrs. Fitzhugh was born at Utica, New York, May i, 1828. Judge Carroll came from a distinguished Maryland family, and was born at Bellevue and was educated at Georgetown. After his admission to the bar in 1820, he settled in Livingston County, New York, and there became prominent in law and politics. He was the first judge of Livingston County and served both as Representative and as Senator from that county in the State Legislature. He accompanied Dr. Fitzhugh in his prospecting tri]) to the Saginaw Valley and invested largely in land here. He had participated in the War of 181 2. For some 3'ears prior to his death, in 1865, he had given his

William D. Fitzhugh and his bride came to Michigan in 1849 '^"^l were among the earliest settlers to found homes in this locality. Mr. Fitzhugh was led to select this section in order to look after his father's and his father-inlaw's landed interests, but he later became personally identified with the locality and the people and to such an extent that Bay City has always numbered him with her own representative men. In point of fact, Mr. Fitzhugh lived in Bay County but four years, but continued his identification with her interests as long as he lived and testified, during his numerous visits, to his devotion to her welfare and to his pleasure in commingling with her people.

Shortly after coming here, Mr. Fitzhugh, in company with a Mr. Alberta, made a complete survey of all that portion of Michigan, including Tuscola and the other counties adjacent to Bay. He was quick to note public impt-ovements needed and the great enterprise of draining Bay County was accomplished by following his example of extensive ditching. While 'Mr. Fitzhugh resided at Bay City, the great cholera epidemic, swept the country and it is still recalled how he accompanied and assisted his friend, the noble Dr. August Nabert, in caring for the sick and in burying the dead. Mr. Fitzhugh survived his humanitarian labors, but his friend was a victim. During one season, in order to ensure the carrying of the mail from Saginaw to Bay City, Mr. Fitzhugh attended to this public duty himself. He was super\-isor of his township and many of the early improvements were inaugurated by and through his personal efforts.

within the corporation limits. It was built by his brother, Daniel Fitzhugh, Jr., and was destroyed by fire in 1850. In the following year he built a new home on the corner of loth street and Washington avenue, the present site of the City Hall, a spot then surrounded by a dense forest. After Mr. Fitzhugh decided to return to his native surroundings, his brother purchased this house and subsequently sold it to the city.

In those early days, Mr. and Mrs. Fitzhugh were not only the center of social life here, but were also leading factors in the organization of religious affairs and educational opportunities. They were the founders of Trinity Protestant Episcopal Church and Mrs. Fitzhugh was one of five communicants who attended the first service held in Saginaw, and still holds her membership with Trinity Church here. For some years she has resided in Bay City with her daughter, Mrs. Richard F. Conover, Mr. Fitzhugh having died in Livingston County, New York, in 1889. Of their eight children, six grew to maturity and three still survive, viz : Anne Dana, who is the wife of Judge Hamilton ]\Iercer Wright, of Bay City; Cornelia, who is the wife of Richard Field Conover, a prominent business man of Bay City ; and Edward F., who is a resident of Idaho.

Mrs. Fitzhugh's recollections of a half- century ago are clear and her relation of them gives a vi\"id picture of times and conditions which it would take pages of this history to record. The time is not so long, measuring by years, but in the light of achievements, how remote it seems ! ^\dlen she and her husband came to this section, it was very close to the beginning of the history of Bay City. She has in her possession a number of legal papers with the signatures of Presidents Jackson and Van Buren, relative to the lands purchased by her father and the Fitzhughs,

In 1878, Mr. and ]\Irs. Fitzhugh deeded to the city a valuable tract of land to be used for a public park. This land was formerly owned by Judge Carroll, her father, and was presented to her by him. In turn she gave it tO' Bay City, under the name of Carroll Park, and this public improvement will continue for all time to recall not only her honored father, but a lady whose beautiful life and character have endeared her greatly to those in the midst of whom she has chosen to spend the e^-ening of life.

\RTIX :Sl. ANDREWS, cashier and manager of the Old Second National Bank of Bay City, I\Iichigan, is a citizen whose business ability, civic usefulness and social qualities have brought him into justifiable prominence in Bay City. Mr. Andrews was born near Flint, Michigan, April 12, 1839, and is a son of Capt, Bushnell and ]\Iary (Mason) Andrews.

Capt. Bushnell Andrews was born and reared in New York, where his military title was obtained as a commander of State militia. He was a very early settler in Genesee County, Michigan, becoming an extensive and successful farmer in the vicinity of Flint. Both he and his wife died there, the latter survivinguntil the age of 90 years. Their children embraced two sons and one daughter.

Martin M. Andrews completed the public school course at Flint, and then entered Oberlin College. Ohio, in 1859, where the outbreak of the Civil War found him a student. Answering the first call for troops, Mr. Andrewsenlisted on May 20, 1861, in a company composed entirely of college students, mustered into the United States service as Company C, Seventh Reg., moted to ist sergeant, and during the last year of their first term of enhstment was in command of his company. He was then commissioned 1st Heutenant and appointed adjutant of tlie 185th Regiment, Ohio Vol. Inf.; for gallant conduct he was later commissioned captain, and w-as honorably discharged in 1865. His service was one of much danger, hardship and varied experience, including the battles of Cedar Mountain, Gettysburg, Chancellorsville, Chattanooga and the Atlanta campaign, during which time he was a thousand times in imminent danger and ^vas thrice wounded, fortunately never seriously, as soldiers are accustomed to reckon injury. His military record is one to which he can refer with justifiable pride.

When the time had come to put aside the sword and resume peaceful pursuits. Captain Andrews repaired to St. Louis, Missouri, and accepted a position offered him by one of the large wholesale hardware firms of that city. In 1875 he came to Bay City, Michigan, and associated himself with the Second National Bank as bookkeeper, from which position he was promoted to that of assistant cashier. The bank's first charter expiring in 1894, it was reorganized under the title of The Old Second National Bank and }ilr. Andrews became cashier.

Mr. .\ndrews' long and close association with banking interests here has not excluded him either from other business enterprises or from taking a prominent part in civic improvements. He has been of great service to the city where his business capacity and high personal character made him representative. He has been treasurer of the Building & Loan Association of Bay City since its organization. For several terms he consented to serve as a member of the board of education, but subsequently was obliged to resign on account of the press of personal business.

The home of Mr. Andrews is one of the beautiful and substantial ones of Bay City, and his domestic circle is one of culture and refinement. He married Mary Plum, a native of Flint, Michigan, and they have two charming, highly accomplished daughters, - Jessie I. and Lora A. Both young ladies completed the educational course offered by the Bay City schools and subsequently graduated at Oberlin College, Ohio. They are highly gifted in music and are very prominent in the city's choice social life.

Mr. Andrews was one of the organizers of the First Congregational Church of Bay City and for years has taken a very active part in its work. Recently he has given over a great part of his Sunday-school work to his daughters. He is a very prominent member of the Grand Army of the Republic and has been commander of the post many times. He has served on the staff of the State commander and is identified at present with H. P. JNIorrill Post. His other fraternal connections are with the Royal League, the Royal Arcanum and the Knights of the Macabees.

AJ. L. G. WTLLCOX, a distinguished niember of the bar of Bay County, Michigan, residing in Bay City, is now retired from active practice. His career has l)een one of brilliancy both in the military service of his country and in the discharge of the duties of the various offices he has been called upon to fill. He is a native of Michigan, having been born in Avon township, Oakland County, in 1834. He is a son of L. J- and Ilopey (Green) Willcox, and a scion of a family which has borne its part in the development of this country from the colonial period to the present date. His ancestors fought in the Revolutionary War and the War 1812.

L. J. Willcox, father of our subject, was born in Oneida County, New York, in 1803, and in 1824 moved to Oakland County, Michigan, traveling on foot. He settled in Avon township where he became a leading business man. He founded and for many years conducted a flouring mill, furnishing a market for the grain of the entire country from Lapeer County to Ann Arbor. Late in life he sold his mill and retired to his farm of 600 acres in Avon township, where he resided until his death in 1885, aged 82 years. He served as supervisor of Avon township, but ne\'er was a seeker for political preferment. His wife died in 1834, at an early age.

The subject of this sketch received his preliminary education in the public schools and in the academy at Romeo. He then took the law course at Hamilton College at Clinton, New- York, from which he was graduated with the degree of L. L. B. He then practiced law in Detroit until the war broke out, when he organized a company of 150 men. He was commissioned captain and his company was enhsted at a part of the Third Regiment, Michigan Vol. Cav., being sent to St. Louis for training. They then went to New Madrid, Missouri, then to Island No. 10, and thence to Pittsburg Landing and Shiloh. He participated in the siege of Corinth and went with his regiment to Alabama, being placed in command at Tuscumbia. He took part in the battles of luka and Corinth, and in 1862 was elevated to the rank of major. His command accompanied Grant's army through Mississippi to Granada, and his soldiers occupied Oxford, where he served as provost-marshal at the close of the campaign. They spent the winter of 1862-63 in Tennessee, where they engaged in frequent skirmishes. While encamped near the city of Jackson in March, 1863, occurred an incident which showed the diplomacy of Major Willcox, as well as his ability to view a subject broadly and without bias, and to present his views in a manner to win the regard even of his bitterest enemies. He was called upon by G. D. Penn, who at one time was a captain in the Confederate service; Rev. Mr. Harris, a brother of the Confederate Governor of Tennessee : and J. Hall and Mr. Pinkerton, the two last named meeting their deaths later at the hands of Confederate sympathizers. All were residents of Lexington, Henderson County, Tennessee. After a friendly conversation on general topics relating to local affairs, one of the party remarked: "Major, could our people be made to see the condition of affairs as you do, we think it would lead to a more friendly feeling." The following corespondence soon took place:

Dear Sir : - After consulting several citizens in this vicinity, I found it met the approbation of all that you should address them, and, thereupon, Thursday, April 2, 1863, was fixed upon for you to do so, and was so published throughout the county. I would be much pleased to have you call and make my house your home while you are among us. The citizens are all anxious for you to be here on that date, and I hope you will make it convenient to be present.

Gentlemen : - It will give me great pleasure to meet the citizens of Henderson County. I accept your invitation, not as a compliment to myself, but as an indication of patriotism and an earnest desire on your part to mitigate the calamity of this terrible war and reconcile citizens who are now in open conflict with each other. I will lend my tongue as readily as my sword for the good of the cause; and I desire all, irrespective of political opinions, to be present and assure you no person conducting himself peaceably at the meeting, whatever may be his sentiments or position, whether he be a Confederate soldier or a Union man, shall be molested, but will be permitted to depart as freely as he comes. Let us have a good old-fashioned citizens' meeting, without an element of war about it. Your fellow-citizen,

Western Tennessee was at that time overrun by both Union and Confederate soldiers and such an undertaking as the one proposed involved no small risk. But after receiving permission from the department commander, Major Willcox accepted the invitation. General Kimball then in command advised him to take a large force with him, but he went the distance of 28 miles escorted by only eight men, and addressed a large meeting composed of Southern citizens, some of whom wore the Confederate uniform. As a result of the meeting, an earnest Union feeling was developed in that section and a Union force was organized in Western Tennessee. Twenty-four days later, on April 2Gth, Lieutenant Bingham, brother-in-law of our suliject. was killed on the road a few miles from Lexington. From Jackson the regiment made regular cavalry expeditions through Mississippi. When the term of service expired, the members returned home and reorganized and then returned to the field of battle. In the fall of 1864. Major Willcox's health failed and he resigned his commission and returned to Detroit, where he resumed the practice of his profession. He was soon appointed register of the land ofiice at Traverse City, Michigan, a position he filled until 1870. Then because of ill health in his family, they made a trip to California. In the meantime, in connection with E. L. Sprague, he had established and edited tlie Traverse Bay Eagle. He served one term as prosecuting attorney and circuit court commissioner for Antrim County, and later was appointed prosecuting attorney for Emmet County. For several years he was correspondent for the ll'esfeni Rural and Chicago Tribune and other publications, and has always been a strong, versatile and forceful writer. After his return from California, he practiced at Pontiac until appointed receiver of public monies at Detroit. In the summer of 1885 he became editor of the Bay City Tribune, removing to this city at that time. After a little more than a year, he was appointed assistant prosecuting attorney for Bay County, in which position he served two years, and next became postinaster of Bay City. His popularity is shown by the fact that the committee appointed by the then Congressman from this district to designate the choice of the people, voted unanimously for him among 13 applicants. He assumed charge of the office in May, 1889, receiving a commission for a full term dating from January 8, 1890, and served five years in all.

Major Willcox married Azubah Bingham, who was born in Watertown, New York, and is a daughter of Roswell Bingham, a native of New Hampshire. They had three children : George, a mechancal engineer and patent attorney of Bay City; Minnie B., deceased; and Mabel, who died in infancy. Religiously, the members of the Willcox family are Presbyterians. The Major is past commander of Dick Richardson Post, No. 147, G. A. R., of Pontiac, Michigan; past commander of H. P. ilerrill Post, No. 419, G. A. R., of Bay City ; adjutant of U. S. Grant Post, No. 67, G. A. R., of Bay City; and a member of tlie Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States; of the National League of Veterans and Sons ; and of Bay City Lodge No. 129, F. & A. M. He has been a member of the Board of Education some years, and was presidential elector-at-large when IMcKinley was reelected in 1900. He is a fine orator and one of the best after-dinner speakers in the State. He is a RepubHcan in politics, but beheves in clean politics, and will support no candidate whose methods and character are not above reproach. His portrait accompanies this sketch.

iNST FRANK, one of the prominent citizens of Bay City, Michigan, senior member of the firm of Ernst Frank & Son, general insurance agents, was born in Kuernbach. Baden, Germany, September II, 1829, and is a son of Rev. Johann Heinrich and Augusta Dorothea Charlotte (Scholl) Frank.

The Francke family, as the name was spelled until the last generation, is one of great antiquity. There are not many individuals who can clearly trace an unbroken ancestry as far back as the early part of the i6th century, but Mr. Frank, our subject, enjoys this distinction.

The family is pure German. Hans Francke, our subject's great-great-great-great-greatgrandfather, was born in Karlsdorf. He was a landowner and farmer in Tautendorf, Saxon-Altenburg, and died August 31, 1590. On February 9, 1574, in Tautendorf, he was married to Katharina Mauers, a daughter of George Mauers, in Tautendorf ; she died July 31, 1611.

Jakob Francke, the great-great-great-gre^tgrandfather, died during a general epidemic, in 1 64 1. It is recorded that he was twice married, our subject being a descendant of the second union, with Eva Pfessler, who died December 8, 1665.

died February 4, 1658. On June 20, 1659, in Lindenkreuz, he was married to Marie Krahner, daughter of Heinrich Kralmer. She was the ancestress of our subject, and she died August 22, 1700.

Jakob Francke, the great-great-grandfather, was born July 15, 1677 and was buried July 8, 1755. He was a farmer and landowner. The name of his wife was Christine and she was buried July 22, 1739.

Gottfried Francke, the great-grandfather, was born May 21, 1714, and was buried October 29, 1760. He was an extensive farmer in Tautendorf. On September, 13, 1747, in Lindenkreuz, he was married to Rosine Beer, a daughter of Andreas Beer.

Hans George Francke, our subject's grandfather, was born November 30, 1750, in Tautendorf, and died February 14, 1812, in Roda, Saxon-Altenburg. On May 5, 1778, he was married to Susanne Marie Linde, who was born September i, 1756, in Poessnen, Saxon- Altenburg, and died in Roda, December 12, 1799.

Rev. Johann Heinrich Frank, faher of our subject, was born December 6, 1794, in Roda, Saxon-Altenburg, and died October 8, 1864, in Dietlingen, Baden. He married Auguste Dorothea Charlotte Scholl, who was born June 26, 1794, and died January 17, 1861, in Dietlingen, Baden. She was a daughter of a prominent preacher in Cochsheim, Baden. Rev. Joliann H. Frank was a preacher in the German Lutheran Church. He was a scholarly man, having been thoroughly educated at the University of Jena, and at Heidelberg.

Ernst Frank was 21 years of age when he came to America. He had been educated as an optician and was skilled in the manufacturing of mathematical and philosophical instruments, as well as those of his trade, all of these being almost entirely hand-made. He arrived in New York City in April, 1851, and started for Saginaw, Michigan, to visit his hrothers and sisters, who hved on a farm about six miles from the city of Saginaw. This year he declared his intention to become a citizen of the United States, as it was his intention to make this country his home. He helped on the farm until November, 1851, when he returned to New York City to work at his occupation. After reaching New York he was employ?d first by Benjamin Pike & Sons, opticians, with Avhom he continued for two years. In 1852 he went to Louisville, Kentucky, and followed his trade there for a short time, but in the fall of the year 1854 he removed to Milwaukee, Wisconsin, where he established a business. He continued there until the spring of 1863, and then came to Bay City. He opened here a cigar and tobacco store and also did something in the way of fire insurance, and continued this business until 1875. ''vhen he disposed of his store in order to give his whole attention to insurance.

Several years after coming to Bay City, in 1865, he was elected village treasurer, in the year that the place took its present name of Bay City. A special election was held and he continued as treasurer for four years. An active Democrat, Mr. Frank was frequently appointed and elected to offices of responsibility. During the first administration of President Cleveland, he served as deputy postmaster of Bay City, and in 1889 he was elected city treasurer, and served four years in this office. He also was supervisor of the town and served two years as a member of the School Board.

After closing out his tobacco business, Mr. Frank became the representative for many of the leading insurance companies of the country, and at present represents 12 of the strongest fire insurance companies, among which may be mentioned the Buffalo German ; Concordia of Milwaukee; the Milwaukee Mechanics"; the Prussian National, of Stettin, Germany; the Cooper of Dayton, Ohio ; the Spring Garden and the Mechanics' of Philadelphia ; and others. He also represents the well-known and substantial Germania Life Insurance Company of New York, and occupies one of the finest offices in Bay City, having a suite of rooms in the Crape- Block.

Since 1902, Mr. Frank has had his son, Ernst Edward Frank, in partnership with him, and the business is conducted under the firm name of Ernst Frank & Son. The younger member of the firm was born in Bay City, June II, 1875. His education was secured in the common and high schools. Previous to becoming associated with his father, he was employed in a clerical position in one of the city banks.

Our subject was married October 20, 1859, - to Emma Scheurmann, who was born in Baden, Germany, February 21, 1840, and is a daughter of Ernst Scheurmann, of Nagold-W'urtemburg. Eleven children were born to this union, seven of whom reached maturity, namely : Ottilie Sophie, born April 27, 1865, wdio married William A. DeMars on January 5, 1893; Bella Emilie, born March 19, 1869, who married Charles Neil Ghent, of Alpena, Michigan, on June 9, 1892; Emma Stephanie, born January 20, 1871, who married William J. Hogan, of Warren, Pennsylvania, on February 19, 1901 ; Marie Lina, torn October 4, 1873. who married Ubald R. Loranger, of Bay City, on October 2, 1895; Ernst Edward, of Bay City; Bertha Christiana, born April 4, 1877; and ]\Iartha Johanna, born September 23, 1879, who married Emil Etzold, of Bay City, on June 9, 1904. The family belong to the Germen Lutheran Church. It is one of the leading German families of Bay City.

OX. ANDREW CROSBY MAXWELL. After a long and useful life of 70 years, crowned with honors and blessed with family affection and public esteem, the late Judge Andrew Crosby Maxwell died at his home in Bay City, Michigan, on February 15, 1901. Judge Maxwell was born on July 11, 1831, at Pompey Hill, X^ew York, and was a son of Robert and Margaret (Crosby) Maxwell.

The parents of Judge ]\Iaxwell were born and reared in Scotland, which country they left on their wedding day, in the year 18 19, taking passage for New York, which port they safely reached and subsequently established a home at Pompey Hill, where our subject was born. In 1844 Robert Maxwell remo\ed with his family to Oakland County, Michigan, where he died in 1864. His widow died three years later. Their family consisted of three sons and five daughters, Andrew C. being the fourth in order of birth. One of his brothers, Judge Samuel Maxwell, became very distinguished, a member of the Supreme Court of Nebraska and a law lecturer in the University of Michigan and X^orthwestern University at Chicago. Until the family removed to Michigan, Andrew C. ALaxwell attended the Pompey Hill schools, and then assisted his father for a year in clearing up the Michigan farm, returning then for two years to New York, where he also engaged in farm work. In 1847 ^^^ came again to ]\Iichigan and worked for two years, earning the money with which to pursue certain studies at Oberlin College, where he remained until 1852. By this time his choice of life work had been made and when he returned to Oakland County, he entered upon the study of the law, under the direction of Lieutenant-Governor O. D. Richardson. During the winter of 1852-53, while teaching school in Lapeer County, he continued his law studies and in

1854 he was elected prosecuting attorney of Lapeer County, an office he resigned after capably filling it for one year. In 1857 he moved with his family to Bay City. He had been admitted to practice before the Supreme Court at Washington, D. C, and frequently argued before that august body.

In the meantime he had entered actively into politics, identifying himself with the Democratic party, which was not in the majority in this section. His personal popularity, however, made him a formidable antagonist in the political field, and in 1864 he was elected to the State Legislature. In 1866 his party, on the strength of his fine record in the lower house, made him its candidate for the State Senate, and in the ensuing contest at the polls he came within a very few votes of election. He continued to be one of the party leaders and in 1876 he was sent as a delegate to the Democratic X^ational Convention at St. Louis. In 1882 he was again honored by being selected by his party as their congressional standardbearer, but the Republican forces were too strong in this section to allow any Democrat, however popular, to be elected. His only other public office was that of circuit judge to which he was elected in 1893, a selection agreeable to all factions.

During the many years that Judge Maxwell was active in public life, his personal character was never assailed nor his legal knowledge or judicial impartiality questioned. He was public-spirited to a marked degree and was tireless in his efforts to secure good government for Bay City and to promote her best interests to the extent of his ability. It was mainly through his efforts and influence that the city secured the large government appropriation, wdnch assured the dredging of the mouth of the Saginaw River for the first time.

He also was mainly instrumental in securing the construction of the famous stone roads of Bay County and the Third street bridge between Bay City and its neighbor across the river, - West Bay City.

Judge Maxwell was a man of charming personality, dignified and courteous in manner, yet so filled with the milk of human kindness that he is best recalled on account of his loyal friendships and genial generosity. He had a penchant for practical jokes and few of his intimates could boast of ever excelling him in this line.

In December, 1853, Judge Maxwell was married to Sarah Hart, of Lapeer, Michigan, w'ho died December 27, 1891. She was a lovely Christian character, a daughter of Oliver B. and Amanda (Harrison) Hart, a pioneer family of Lapeer County. They had five children, two of whom are living: Robert and Jeannette. The former has large business interests, both at Bay City and at Rochester, New York, and divides his time between the two points, spending his summers at Rochester and his winters at Bay City. The daughter is Mrs. James B. Hammond, of Boston, Massachusetts. In June, 1896, Judge Maxwell married Mrs. Edna Merrill, of South Bay City, wdio survives him.

VRUS A. GAIL, one of the prominent and substantial citizens of Bay County, Michigan, an experienced lumberman and now filling the responsible position of head filer for the Diamond Match Company of Biddeford, Maine, also owns a fine farm of 80 acres, which is situated in section 8, Merritt township. Mr. Gail was born in Erie County, New York, Neveml)er 30. 1849. and is a son of Hugh A. and Electa M. (McKeen) Gail.

The father of Mr. Gail was born in Erie County, New York, and died in the Pennsylvania oil regions in 1864, aged 45 years. He was a farmer and well-digger and after coming to Michigan, in 1861, he dug many wells and saltpits and subsequently was engaged in digging oil-wells in Pennsylvania. The mother of Mr. Gail has reached the age of 78 years and resides at Pequaming, Michigan. The children in the parental family were : Allen \V.,of Bay County ;. Cyrus A., of this sketch ; Arthur A., Frank A. and Edwin D., of Pequaming: Ida E. (!Mrs. Sanders), of Mobile, Alabama; Ellen D. (Mrs. Osterhout), deceased; and Annie, who died young.

Cyrus A. Gail was seven years old when his parents came to Bay City in the spring of 1861, and he attended school here, during the winter seasons, until he was 18 years of age. Since the age of 11 years he has spent but one season out of a sawmill, beginning work at the bottom of the ladder, making shingles at 50 cents a day. Now, as head filer with one of the great corporations of the world, he commands a large salary. Mr. Gail has held all intermediate positions, has been sawyer, superintendent in the woods, foreman in the woods, prospector and selector and was employed for threeyears as head filer in the "Spanish ]\Iills," on Georgian Bay, Ontario. For a period of 10 years, he was paid at the rate of $6 per day by N. B. Bradley, the great lumberman of this section, and he still follows this business in which he has become an expert. Some six years ago, Mr. Gail purchased his farm for his sons, who conduct general farming operations upon it.

In 1872, Mr. Gail was married to Elnora Rhodes, who was torn at Battle Creek, IMichigan, and died at Bay City, at the age of 30- }ears. She was the mother of three children : Hugh A., of Bay City; Louis H., living at home; and Gertrude, who died aged 17 years. In ^892, Mr. Gail married Carrie Darhng, who was born November 20, 1850, in Seneca County, New York. She is a daughter of Lewis L. and Jane (Miller) Darling, natives of Seneca County. Mrs. Gail came to Bay County at the age of 19 years. She is a member of the Baptist Church at Bay City.

Mr. Gail has lived too busy a life of individual effort to have had time to devote much attention to politics. He is a valued member the Independent Order of Odd Fellows at Bay City. In time of service, Mr. Gail probably holds the record, in his line of head filer, and his retention by the great company with which he is connected places him at the head of the list in point of skill.

RXST A. \MTTWER, M. D.. a physician and surgeon of Auburn, Bay County, Michigan, was born in Switzerland, February 27, 1876, and attended the schools of Wurtemberg, to which kingdom his father moved from Switzerland, and later a gymnasium, which corresponds to a high school of this country. He then attended a business college to fit himself for handling the commercial end of his father's cheese business, but continued only three months after graduation.

Coming to America in 1893. our subject located at Elkton, Michigan, and there attended school to perfect his knowledge of the English language. In 1896 he visited his parents in Germany, returning to this country in the fall of the same year and locating at Saginaw. He began the reading of medicine under the preceptorship of Dr. Otto Frenzel, of Pigeon, Michigan, and in 1900 completed a four-years 'Course in the Saginaw Vallev Medical College which has since been consolidated with the Michigan College of Medicine and Surgery at Detroit. After graduation. Dr. Wittwer settled at Auburn, in Williams township. Bay County, where he has built up a good practice. His territory is wide and professional competition limited. He has the confidence and respect of patients, and has a wide acquaintanceship throughout this section. He is a member of the Bay County Medical Society, Michigan State Medical Society and American Medical Association.

On October 18, 1900,, Dr. Wittwer was united in marriage with Anna Bryce, of Saginaw, and they reside in a large and comfortable home which he erected. Religiously, they are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. The Doctor is a Republican in politics, and serves as health officer of the township, and as physician of the poor of Williams and Beaver townships.

Oehringer Brothers

florists of Bay City, Michigan, where they have erected a large number of greenhouses, have attained promiand established an extensive trade throughout the part of the State lying north of Bay City. The firm consists of Albert G. and Rudolph G. Boehringer, who have studied and experimented in horticulture in a scientific manner, thereby acquiring a knowledge by which they have been enabled to excel and meet every kind of competition in their line of business. They are men of energy and enterprise, and their success has only come through their own persistent efforts. They are natives of Wurtemberg, Germany, and sons of Rudolph and Barbara (Widner) Boehringer.

ringer, was born in Wurtemlaerg, Germany, and died there on February 18, 1885, at the age of 48 years. He was a prominent farmer and principally engaged in the culture of sugar beets and hops, although he raised grain enough to keep the cattle and horses, with which his farm was well stocked. He also contracted with a beet sugar factory to take charge of the annual crop of sugar beets from 1 2 to 15 villages, - pitting, storing and protecting them from frost until the factory was ready to use them, when he would be required to hire scores of teams and send the beets to the factory by the wagon load. He was united in marriage with Barbara Widner, who was born October 8, 1840, and now resides in Bay City. She is a member of the German Lutheran Church in Bay City; her husband belonged to the Lutheran Church in Germany. They were parents of seven children, four of whnm grew to maturity, namely: Pauline, wife of George Nusselt, of Bay City ; Albert G. ; Rudolph G. ; and Amelia, of Bay City.

Albert Boehringer, an uncle of our subjects, came to America in 186S, and located in Bay City, Michigan, where he thereafter lived throughout the remainder of his life. In 1885, he made a visit to Germany, and having no children of his own, persuaded Albert G. Boehringer, his nephew, to come to Bay City with him.

Albert G. Boehringer was born September 20, 1868, and was educated in his native land. After coming to this country with his uncle, he secured employment with the John C. Irvine Greenhouse Company and continued to work for them for five years, in the meantime attending night school in Bay City three winters, after which he took a course of special studies in the Michigan Agricultural College at Lansing. In August. 189,3. he formed a partnership with liis brother, Rudolph G. Boehringer. under the firm name of Boehringer Brothers, and built two small greenhouses in Bay City. They first gave their attention equally to vegetables, such as lettuce and radishes, and to cut flowers and potted plants. Almost every year since the inception of the business, they have added a greenhouse, until at the present time they have 12, all of which are modernly equipped and devoted to the culture of flowers for cutting and to potted plants. There are more than 35,000 square feet of glass covering the greenhouses; two horizontal tubular boilers of 40 horsepower each furnish steam heat, which is supplied to the dift'erent houses through more than one and a half miles of steam pipes. They are growers of new varieties of carnations, for a period of 10 years having been growing and improving seedlings of carnations by hybridization and fertilization, a record of each plant being kept from one generation to another. They gi\-e employment to five men and two girls, in addition to which they devote their own attention exclusively to the business. Their remarkable success may be attributed to their technical knowledge and the scientific methods they pursue.

Albert G. Boehringer was united in marriage with Marguerite Weber, a daughter of Philip Weber, of Bay City, and they have the following offspring: Alma M. ; Anne Dora Minnie; Nelda Gertrude; Edwin Oscar; and Carl Herman. They are members of the German Lutheran Church, of which Mr. Boehringer is trustee and financial secretary. He is also vice-president of the Bethel Aid Society.

Rudolph G. Boehringer was born June 23, 1872, and received his educational training in his native land. He came to America in 1888 and located in Bay City, Alichigan, where he entered the employ of the John C. Irvine Greenhouse Company. He continued with that company four and a half years, and then, after spending one year in the employ of Charles Breitmeyer, formed the partnership with his brother, above mentioned. He is a man of ability, honesty and integrity, and has forced his way to the front through merit.

Rudolph G. Boehringer was united in marriage with Emma Gansser, a daughter of August Gansser of Bay City, and they have three children, as follows : Elsie, Clara and Rudolph E. Religiously, they are memters of the German Lutheran Church. Fraternally, he is a member of the Knights of the Loyal Guard.

ILLIAM McEWAN, deceased, was for many years one of the prominent business citizens of Bay City, Michigan. He was identified with many different enterprises, was one of the promoters of the present street railway system of Bay City and was a lumber manufacturer for many years. He was born in Glasgow, Scotland, March lo, 1824, and was a son of William and Margaret (Hunter) McEwan.

William McEwan, Sr., who was a native of Scotland, came to America in 1848, and lived first in New York City a few months, then in Detroit two years, and still later in Chicago, but never engaged in business in this country. He died in i860, aged 78 years. He married Margaret Hunter, a daughter of Alexander Hunter, of Scotland, and they became parents of seven children, who grew to maturity, namely: Alexander, deceased; Mary, deceased: Margaret, deceased: Elizabeth, deceased ; Mathilda, wife of Solomon Presley, of Bay City: John, deceased; and William. Religiously, the family were Presbyterians.

William McEwan in early life learned the trade of a pattern-maker and machinist at the great steamship-building plant of George Napier in Glasgow. The noise atending the work was probably what caused a slight deafness with which he was afflicted in after years. After coming to America he followed his trade in Chicago and Detroit, and during spare time he and his brother, Alexander, built sawmill machinery which they brought to Bay City. They purchased a mill-site of James Fraser, who afterward became father-in-law of our subject. Alexander and William McEwan formed a partnership under the name and title of Mc- Ewan Brothers, and later another brother, John, was taken into the partnership. After the death of Alexander, which occurred about 1854 or 1855, William and John continued the business until 1872, when John purchased the former's interest and continued in the business until his death in 1882. They were extensive manufacturers of lumber and in the early days shipped largely to Sherifif, Shepherd & Smith, of Chicago. About 1865, William McEwan formed a partnership \vith John J. Fraser, under the firm name of McEwan & Fraser, and operated what later was known as the "Fulsom & Arnold Mill," continuing about one year until Mr. Eraser's death. In the meantime he had continued the partnership with his brother. In addition to his other interests he helped in promoting the street railway system of Bay City and superintended its construction. In 1857 he built the first grist mill in Bay City, operated it for some years and then sold to Harry Griswold. He and his brother opened a salt-block and operated it for a number of years. From about 1868 until his death in 1887, Mr. McEwan was retired from business activity, with the exception of looking after the property of himself and wife. As a business man he was unexcelled, success attending his efforts on every hand. His life consisted of business and home affairs to the exclusion of all else, and when he was not found at his

Hon. George P. Cobb

On February 4, 1858, Mr. McEwan was united in marriage with Annie Eraser, who was born July 30, 1836, and is a daughter of James and Elizabeth (Busby) Eraser. A biographical record of her father and his family appears elsewhere in this work. She is a woman of estimalile character and has many friends in the vicinity of Bay City, where she has lived so many years. This union resulted in the following offspring: James, born December 4, 1858, deceased May 13, 1877; William H., born October 23. i860, who is a resident of Seattle, Washington; Alexander F., torn December 29, 1862, who with his brother, William H., is in the lumber business in Seattle; Allan, born March 29, 1865, who lives in Bay City; Jessie, born January 29, 1868, who married Walter Tompkins of Tomkins' Cove, New York, and died June 6, 1895 ; and Marion, born September 28, 1878, and deceased November 15, 1894.

OX. GEORGE P. COBB, a lawyer of high repute, residing in Bay City, Michigan, whose portrait accompanies this sketch, was formerly judge of the 1 8th Judicial Circuit of Michigan, comprised of Bay, Arenac and Gladwyn counties. Judge Cobb was born April 13, 1841, in York township, Livingston County, New York, and is the only son of Elijah V. and Lucy H. (Pomeroy) Cobb. Elijah V. Cobb, who followed the profession of a teacher, was Imrn of New England parentage in Oneida County, New York, in 181 4. He moved with his family to Rochester, New York, in 1842. There they lived until 1855.

of Massachusetts. He was drafted in the War of 1812, and died from disease contracted in the service. Of his two children. Albert died at the age of 76 years, and Elijah V. is still living, in his 91st year. The latter was reared on a farm and came to Michigan in 1855. Fof five years he lived in Lenawee County, and then moved to Ann Arbor, where he remained until 1884. At that period he retired from active life and has since made his home with his children.

Elijah V. Cobb was married in January, 1840, in New York State, to Lucy H. Pomroy, who was a native of Ontario County in that State. She died at Ann Arbor, Michigan, in 1877. Their union resulted in three children, namely : George P. ; Mrs. Mary A. Pomeroy, a widow of Bay City; and Mrs. Augusta T. Wood, who died in Bay City in 1893.

George P. Cobb was reared on a farm, and received his early mental training in the public schools. In 1855 he accompanied his parents to the northern part of Lenawee County, Michigan, where he remained on the farm for five years. During that period he spent the winter months in attendance at the Ypsilanti Seminary, pursuing, in the meantime, an extended course of study under his father's supervision at home. Subsequently, he moved with his parents to Ann Arbor, where he attended high school and also received private instruction.

In the spring of i860. Judge Cobb began teaching school and continued in this occupation until 1865, having charge of schools in Macon, Lenawee County, in the city and township of Ann Arbor, and in Salem, Superior and Pittsfield. Early in 1865, he enlisted in the Fifth Regiment, Michigan Vol. Cav., and was at City Point, Virginia, at the time of General Lee's surrender. After his service in Virginia, he marched West from Leavenworth, Kansas, having been transferred to Company B, Sev- enth Reg., ^Michigan Vol. Cav., and accompanied the expedition sent across the plains to Salt Lake City, riding an old cavalrj^ horse 1,200 miles. The route was from Leavenworth, Kansas, by way of Fort Kearney and Julesburg, to Fort Collins, Colorado, and thence to Fort Bridger and Salt Lake City. He was honorably discharged February 16, 1866, at Camp Douglas, Utah Territory.

In the fall of 1866, Judge Cobb entered the law department of the University of Michigan, where he graduated with the class of 1868. In September of that year he located at Bay City, and shortly afterward opened a law office. His reminiscences of the then small city of about 7,000 population would fill a chapter. He remembers the time when there was but one bridge across the river at this point.

In July. 1870, Judge Cobb became a member of the firm of Grier, McDonell & Cobb. In 1871, Mr. Grier became circuit judge, and died in 1872. The firm continued as ]\IcDonell & Cobb until 1874, and is now McDonell & Duffy. 1873, ]Mr. Cobb was elected supervisor of the Third Ward of Bay City and served as such during 1873 and 1874. In 1880 he was elected State Representative and served in the House during the two sessions of 1881-82. From the spring of 1879 until January i, 1888, the Judge was associated in practice with Hon. J. W. Mc- ISIath. He assumed the duties of circuit judge on the latter date, having been elected to that office in the spring of 1887.

When in the Legislature, ^Ir. Cobb was a member of the committees on insurance and ways and means, and introduced the bill that resulted in the adoption of what is known among insurance men as the "Michigan Standard Policy." He was also active in securing the passage of the noted Ontonagon &: Brule River Railroad bilk and of the tax law of 1882. He was a member of the special committee appointed to investigate the charges of misconduct against the management of the State Reformatory at Ionia. In 1881, he was appointed a member of the visiting board of Albion College. In local politics, he has never had an inclination to figure. His offices are located on the corner of Adams street and Center avenue.

On November i, 1S71. the subject of this sketch married Laura IMunger, a daughter of the late Algernon S. Munger, of Bay City. Mr. Munger was one of the first settlers of the city, and one of the most active promoters of its various interests. He was one of the organizers of the East Saginaw & Bay City Railroad, now a part of the Pere Marquette system. He served as mayor, county treasurer and supervisor, and was always identified with measures tending to promote the public welfare. His daughter, Mrs. Cobb, was born in Cass County, Michigan; her parents removed, when she was a child, to Bay City, where she was reared and educated. To Judge Cobb and his estimable wife have been born two children, namely : Susan, who died at the age of six years ; and George Arthur, born August 3, 1875, educated in the Bay City schools and Alma College, and married to Maggie Parker on July 23, 1892.

Judge Cobb was grand regent of the Royal Arcanum of ]Michigan for 1884, having been vice grand regent in 1883. He is also a member of the National Union. He belongs to H. P. Merrill Post, No. 419, G. A. R., and was a charter member of that post as well as of U. S. Grant Post, No. 67. He has held the offices of quartermaster, adjutant, chaplain, commander and trustee. He was a delegate to the National Encampment held in Boston in 1890. He is now past commander of two posts, having filled every position of trust.

tees of this church for a numljer of years and also served as treasurer. He has been a member of the sessions for 1 1 years, and officiated as clerk during: half of that time.

jlOHN CARROLL, proprietor of the largest wholesale produce and fruit establishment of Bay County, Michigan, is one of the most enterprising and successful business men of Bay City. He began life under adverse circumstances, and it was only after years of hard and consistent effort that he was enabled to take his place among the leaders in the business world of this locality. He was born in County Kerry, Ireland, in 1848. and is a son of Daniel and Catherine (Welsh) Carroll, both natives of Ireland. Our subject was two years old when his mother died and his father soon after emigrated to America, leaving him in Ireland with a younger sister, Margaret, who is now the wife of Patrick Cahill, of Orange County, New York.

John Carroll was given only an ordinary in Ireland. On September 14, 1865, he landed at New York, where he turned his hand to various occupations in an endeavor to earn an honest living. Removing to Orange County, New York, he worked on a farm, but not having a taste for that life he returned to New York City, where he was employed for a time as a laborer on a railroad. Later he did contract work and superintended the construction of some buildings. He was then called upon to assume management of the old Alanhattan Hotel at No. 29 Centre street. New York, while its owner was abroad, and this he did successfully for a period of nine months. He later made application for a position on the New York police force. Out of 45 who took the examination, he was one of the five that passed, but he decided to go West before he qualified. In 1869, he came to Bay City. INIichigan, and opened a butcher shop. He had good backing but not caring to use another's money he closed that business, and engaged as manager in the same line at the same stand, continuing there atout one year. He then engaged in draying for a few months, when he again started in the butcher business in association with D. F. Kenny, to whom he later sold out. ]Mr. Carroll then engaged in farming and buying cattle and slaughtering for the market. After about five years, he returned to Bay City and engaged with Hammond, Standish & Company, as manager of their fresh meat department. He remained three years and then again started in for himself. The firm of Logan & Carroll, produce merchants, was established in 1889 and continued for three years. After the dissolution of the partnership, the firm of Carroll, Hurley & Company came into existence and continued for one year, being succeeded by that of Carroll & Rose. Later, Mr.. Carroll purchased his present building and has since continued alone. He was the first produce merchant in Bay City to handle oranges in car-load lots, and the first and the only one in the city to make a business of storing eggs. He is a wholesale dealer in produce, fruits, confectionery and the "Peerless" brand of Baltimore oysters. His store, located at No. 113 Third street, has ample storage facilities connected therewith. 'Mv. Carroll has been highly successful and has every reason for feeling proud of the rapid progress he has made. He erected four dwellings in South Bay City at a cost of from $1,200 to $2,500 each, and has a beautiful home on Lincoln street, which cost $4,000. He has served as highway commissioner of the village of Portsmouth, and as supervisor of Bay City two terms.