Blue Earth County, Minnesota - Biographical sketches, 1901 (part 10 of 15)

The old homestead, which Mr. Morrow occupies and operates, comprises two hundred and forty acres of land, the greater portion of which is under the plow, the balance being utilized for the pasturage of Shorthorn cattle. Besides his iine cattle Mr. Morrow is making a specialty of Poland-China hogs and has won deserved success with this popular breed of swine. Since 'nc acquired the property he has made a number of improvements^ chief among which has been the building of a barn. It has been his aim to put up substantial fences and considerable work of that nature has been accomplished under his supervision. Devoting his attention to farming with unwavering energy, he has had neither leisure nor inclination to participate in public affairs and has held no positions except school offices, nor has he taken any part in politics aside from voting the Eepublican ticket. In religious connections he and his wife are believers in the doctrines of the United Brethren church.

MOEEOW, WILLIAM. - The early recollections of William Morrow are associated with the ftate of Minnesota, but Canada is his native land, his birth having occurred in the province of Ontario February 12, 18G0. Wlien he was three years of age he was brought to the United States by his parents, James and Jeanette (Currie) Morrow, and in 1864 the family settled in Blue Earth county, where the father built the first house in Beauford township. The oiiginal caljin stood across the road from where now may be seen the comfortable country home of John Morrow, one of the older sons in the family. Eight of the ten children survive, Barbara and Maggie being deceased. The eighth in order of birth was William, whose name introduces this article and whose education was secured in the country schools of this county. The years of boyhood and youth he passed uneventfully in the schoolroom and on the farm, and after he had attained manliood he started out to earn his own way as a farmer.

The marriage of William Morrow and Nellie S. Taylor was solemnized in 1888, and has been blessed by one child, Agnes, who was born April 2", 1898. Mrs. Morrow is a daughter of Eobcrt Taylor, concerning whom mention is made in the sketch of T. B. Taylor elsewhere in this volume. Through diligent application and wise judgment Mr. jMorrow has become the owner of four hundred and fifteen acres of land. Fifteen acres lie within the corporate limits of Mapleton in Beauford township. The large farm is improved with neat buildings and fences, and every facility has been provided for the prompt and sytematic discharge of farm work. Upon retiring from the personal management of the land Mr. Morrow^ moved into Mapleton in ISHU and here he has an attractive residence bearing modern improvements. During the summer after his removal into town he sold machinery and in 1906 he began to buy wheat for the Mapleton Milling Company. He is too young a man to enjoy complete retirement from business activities and hence we find him, although no longer on the farm, interesting himself in everything that makes for the improvement of the farm lands of the county or for the upbuilding of the village.

It has been Mr. ilorrow's custoju for years to keep posted concerning political issues and he has given his allegiance to the Eepublican party after carefully weighing the platforms of the various political organizations. In his opinion the principles of the Eepublican party will best conserve the prosperity of the nation. At one time he was chosen to act as assessor of Beauford township, but with that exception he has not been personally identified with local affairs. Through all of his life he has endeavored to exe]nplify the doctrines of the Presbyterian church, of which he is a consistent mem1)er, and ho has further striven to live iip to the lofty principles of brotherhood as enunciated by the jMasonie fraternity. In the latter organization he holds membership with ^Mapleton Lodge Xo. 128, A. F. & A. M., and maintains a warm interest in the activities of the order.

JMOUNTAIN, JAMES. - The farm in Lyra township upon whicli ifr. Mountain has made his home since 187? embraces two hundred and seventy acres of fertile land, bearing excellent improvements and brought under a high state of cultivation. The neat appearance of the property is attributed to the energy of the man who has been its owner for thirty-one years. Under his supervision all of the improvements have been made and he has been especially careful to maintain the fertility of' the soil by means of proper methods of fertilization and by a systematic rotation of crops. The annual harvests bring him fair returns for his care and cultivation. A portion of the crops is sold in the markets and the balance is fed to the stock, which includes graded cattle and hogs. A special feature is also made of the breeding of French coach horses.

Born in Washington count}-, Wisconsin, June 28, 1846, James ilountain is a son of William and Ann (Flynn) Mountain, the father a native of the United States, the mother born in Ireland, but living in this country after IS^J. For a time he followed railroading in his early manhood, but later he devoted his time wholly to farming pursuits. Early in the 40's he became a pioneer of Washington county, Wisconsin, and took -up a tract of raw land from the government which he converted into a productive tract. During the year 1868 he removed to Minnesota and settled in Lyra township, Blue Earth county, where he died in 1900. His wife passed away in 190^ at the age of more than ninety years. In politics he always voted with the Democratic party. His tastes were averse to public affairs and he never consented to hold office.

After having completed the studies of the common schools, James Mountain was sent for one year to the Wisconsin State University at iladison and after\^-ard took up agricultural pursuits in his native county. During 1876 he married Catherine Gaynor, a daughter of Patrick and iMary (Coughlan) Gaynor, natives of Ireland, and pioneers of Washington county, Wisconsin, where they settled the same year with the family of William Mountain. From Wisconsin they came to Minnesota during the year 1877 and settled in Lyra township, Blue Earth county, where the father died in 1900. The mother had passed away in 1886. All of their eight children are living excepting one. In the family of Mr. and Mrs. Mountain there are six children, namely : William J., who received his education in the Mankato State Normal and is now engaged in mining at Xome, Alaska; M. Cecelia, who was graduated from the Normal and is now the wife of John E. Flynn, a banker at Park Eapids, Minnesota; Edwin J., who received his education at the Normal; Louella, a graduate of the Normal at iMankato; Lillian and Rose, "who like the older children are being given excellent educational advantages. It has been the ambition of the parents to prepare their cliildren for -whatever responsibilities may await them and they have spared no pains in giving ti-iem the best opportunities their means afEord. The Roman Catholic church represents the religious viefl-s of the family and they have been generous in promoting its maintenance and philantliropies. In politics Mr. Mountain votes with the Democratic party and has kept posted concerning the issues before our nation. During the year 1890 he was selected to serve as county commissioner. The other township offices he has filled with care and fidelity, including the offices of supervisor and chairman of the board of township trustees.

:\IOUNTAIN, JOHN. - While only a small proportion of the citizens of Blue Earth county trace their lineage to Ireland, those who possess Irish ancestry display in their lives a cheerful acceptance of circumstances, a willingness to make the best of adverse surroundings, and a persistent application that in the end rewards them with a fair degree of success. In this class mention belongs to the ilountain family of Blue Earth county, whose present representati\es are among the most energetic and resourceful farmers of their various communities. A record of the family in brief outline appears in the sketch of James Mountain, a brother of John and a son of William Mountain, who during 186-8 settled in Lyra township and there remained until his death in 1900. The wife and mother died seven years later.

A native of Washington county, Wisconsin, John ilo'antain grew to manhood in the place of his birth, receiving only a meagre education and at an early age became self-supporting. Farming was his chosen occupation and he remained on a farm in Washington county for a considerable period. Five years after his brother James settled in Blue Earth county he came to this part of jMinne'sota and took up a tract of raw land, where he became interested in general farming. In 1883 he married Bridget O'Connor, daughter .of David and Johanna (Gleason) O'Connor, natiycs of Ireland, hut at early ages emigrants to the United States, settling first in Washington county, \VisconsiTi. From there they removed to Blue Earth county, ilinnesota, and about 1873 took up land in Beauford township, where ]\Ir. O'Connor passed away. Later his widow made her home with her daughter, Mrs. ilountain, until her death. Nine children were born to the union of Mr. and Mrs. Mountain, namely: Mary A., who married William Weir, a fanner of Lyra township; David J., Cartherinc, William L., Joanna B., Francis (deceased), Gertrude E., :\rartha E. and Lorettai A. The children have been educated in the county schools and have been trained in the faith of the Eoman Catholic church, with which their parents are identified.

The farm owned and operated by John jMountain lies in Lyra township and comprises two hundred and thirty-five acres, of which two hundred acres are under the plow. Stock on the place include Xorman horses, (Shorthorn cattle and Poland-China hogs, in each of which only good grades are kept. A neat house furnishes a comfortable home for the family. A substantial barn and other buildings add to the equipment of the homestead and furnish needed conveniences for the care of the stock. Since coming here iff 1882 Mr. Mountain has worked with untiring zeal and has wrought a transformation in the appearance of the property which speaks eloquently of his industry and thrift. The fine grove of maple and willow trees was set out by himself years ago and now furnishes a windbreak that is ornamental as well as useful. In politics he always has voted the Democratic ticket. For four years he was a member of the board of trustees of Lyra township and for a long period he served as school clerk, being willing at all times to aid movements for the general welfare of the community and particularly for the building up of good roads and good schools.

MOUNTAIN. P. H. - While having the advantage of receiving aid from his father in securing a start in agricultural affairs, yet the large holdings of ^^Ir. ^Mountain have come principally through his own exertions, and by dint of energy, perseverance and wise judgment he has risen to a position among' the large land-owners of Blue Earth county, where he owns and operates a farm in Lyra townsliip. Born in Washington county, AA'isconsin. Xovcmber 24, 1854, he was a son of William and Ann (Flynn) Mountain, pioneers of Blue Earth county, and the parents of children who have been prominently identified with the development of this county. The family removed here from Wisconsin in an early da}-, the son, P. H., having received previously a fair education "in the common schools of his childhood ' home. During 1882 he was united in marriage with ]\Iiss Alice Belson, daughter of John and Bridget (Carey) Belson, natives of Ireland, but immigrants to the United States and pioneers of Washington county, Wisconsin, where they remained until death.

The family of Mr. and ]\frs. Mountain comprises twelve children, all of whoni are yet at home and are being given the best educational advantages within the means of the parents. They are named as follows: William J., Edward F., Len, ilichael J., Catherine M., Cecelia, Theresa, Madeline, Theodore, Arthur and Evelyn. Ever since coming to this county from Wisconsin ^Fr. ^Mountain has remained on the same farm, it being the old homestead originally purchased bv his parents after their arrival in Lyra township. At this writing he is the owner of six hundred acres, of which five hundred acres are under the plow and twenty-five acres are in heavy timber, the balance being utilized for pasturage of Shorthorn cattle and other stock. A specialty of the owner is the raising of Poland-Cliina hogs. The greater part of the large tract is operated bv the owner with the assistance of his sons, only a small portion oi the estate being rented out to others. Of recent years a number of valuable improvements have been made. The house is neat and comfortable, the barns substantial and the other buildings well adapted to their several purjioses. the whole forming an estate that may well be the owner's pride.

Eeared in the faith of the Eoman Catholic denomination, Mr. ilountain always has been stanch in his adherence to the doctrines of that church and has contributed generously to its charities. In politics he votes independently, giving bib support to candidates whom he considers best qualified to represent the interests of the people. For several years he has filled the office of school director and meanwhile has been a stanch supporter of movements for the benefit of the schools of his district. Fraternal organizations do not appeal to his tastes and he has never become identified with any, finding in his farm, his cliurcli and his community a sufficient outlet for his energies. Among the people of the neighborhood he is considered a thrifty farmer and capable citizen.

?tIf)I'XTAIX, WILLIAJl. - One of the large and well-improvtd farms of Lyra township belongs to William j\[nuntain, wlio for a long period has made his home on the place and to whose energetic, judicious efforts may be attributed the neat appearance of the homestead as well as its profitable cultivation. The farm consists of four hundred acres, all -ivithin the limits nf the township and near the village of Good Thunder. At the time of the location here of the jiresent owner the land was in almost the primeval condition of nature, few attempts having been made to till the soil hitherto. Under his o\'ersight buildings have been put up, fences have been placed where needed, a systematic rotation of crops has been adopted, and satisfactory rtsults have been secured. In stock a specialty has been made of Shorthorn cattle and Poland-China hogs.

On the 4th of July, 1847, William Mountain was born on a farm in Washington county, Wisconsin, being a son of William and Margaret (Flynn) j\liiuntain, natives of county Cork, Ireland, and emigrants to the United States during their early life. The family settled among the pioneers of Washington county, Wisconsin, and there the mother died in 1S6G. Surviving her are the father (now ninety-five years of age) and five children, William, Margaret, David, Edward and Ann. The first-named received a common-school education in Washington county and at an early age gained a thorough knowledge of tilling the soil under the oversight of his father. When he arrived at man's estate he started out to earn his own way in the world and during ISTO arrived in Blue Earth county, where he remained for two years. Eeturning to Wisconsin he spent three years there and then again came to Blue Earth county, this time as a permanent settler. AYhile back in Wisconsin he married Winifred Shannon, who died in Blue Earth coi.nty, leaving three children, James, Mary A. and Margaret. Later he was united in marriage with IMary Garvey, daughter of Thomas and Johanna (O'Connell) Garvey, natives of Ireland and for many years farmers . of Washington county, Wisconsin. The second marriage of Mr. Mountain was blessed with six children, all living, namely: Hannah, Thomas, Winifred, Walter, ]\Iathew and Lloyd. The family are believers in the doctrines of the Eoman Catholic church and have been generous contributors to the charities of the denomination. For many years Mr. Jlountain has held school offices and meanwhile he has been warmly interested in all movements for the advancement of the district schools. Politically he has been stanch in his allegiance to the Democratic party and always has given his ballot and influence to its men and measures.

MUELLEE, LEWIS P. - For more than fifty years the farm on section twenty-six, Lime townsliip, now owned by Lewis P. ^tueller, has been in the possession of the family. The eventful year of IS.Ki, which witnes'^ed the arrival of many of the pioneers later prominent in the history of Blue Earth count}-, brought hither Philip ^fueller, who secured the land through preemption and gave his attention to transforming the wild tract into a productive property. In this his efforts were sucessful. Industry and intelligent tilling of the soil brought him a fair degree of prosperity. His quiet but useful life afforded another illustration of the thrift and energy of our German-American citizenship. Born in Germany January 9, 1829, he received a fair education in his native language and grew to manhood sturdy, self-reliant and economical. In 1856, three 3'ears after his arrival in the United States, he came to Blue Earth county, Minnesota, Joining the small colony of pioneers ambitious to develop this section of the country. During October of 1863 he married Augusta Liedloff, who was born in Germany ilarch 19, 1846, and at the age of about one year was brought to America, but did not come to Blue Earth county until the early part of the year 1863. After their marriage they settled on the claim, which was then a wilderness. The ensuing years were filled with toil, but brought increasing success and eventually they were enabled to retire from active labors, having accumulated a competency. In 1890 they removed to Mankato, where the father died ^STovember 3, 1906; since his death the mother has continued to make this city her home.

There were thirteen children in the Mueller family, but only two are now living, namely: Adolph and Lewis P. The last named was born on the farm where he still lives. After having completed the studies of the district schools, he entered the Mankato State Normal School and continued there until his graduation in 1888. Two years later he began to teach school and for three years he continued successfully in that work, after which he returned to the old homestead and took up the work of an agriculturist. October 38, 1902, he was united in marriage with Miss Elizabeth Oehler, who was born in Blue Earth county September 13, 1883, being a daughter of Adolph and Mary (Schell) Oehler. The union of Mr. and Mrs. Mueller has been blessed with two children, namely : L. Inez, born December 6, 1903; and M. Harold, March 30, 1907. Ever since attaining his majority Mr. Mueller has been a stanch supporter of Eepublican principles and never fails to give the party the support of his franchise, but at no time has he sought political positions, his interest being that of a public-spirited citizen, not a partisan or politician. Without solicitation on his part in 1907 he was chosen to fill the office of treasurer of Lime township, and this position he fills with efficiency. In addition for the past six or more years he has filled the office of justice of the peace. In fraternal relations he is identified with Madison Lake Lodge No. 375, A. -0. U. W. Among the people of the township he and his wife have a large circle of friends, who repose ithe highest confidence in their integrity, hospitality and fine characters.

:\IUEPHY, JOHN. - The fact that he has risen to a position among the most prosperous farmers of Garden City township proves Mr. ilurphy to be a man of considerable native ability, for he had no advantages whatever in youth. Born in Ireland in 1840, he was of humble parentage and it was necessary for him to earn his own livelihood from childhood, so that he had no educational advantages whatever. His parents, Patrick and Bridget (ilaroney) ^^lurph)', were natives of Ireland and came to the United States when their son was quite small. The father secured employment in slate quarries in the east, but wages were small and the struggle to provide the necessities of life for the family was unusually severe. Before he had conquered poverty he died in Brooklyn; hifi wife passed away at Eochester, New York.

As already intimated, John ]\rurphy was selfsupporting at an age when most boys are pupils in school. ;Vny occupation that offered an honest livelihood was eagerly grasped, and early and late he labored for others. For a short time he was employud in a store at Lyons, New York. When the war broke out he was in sympathy with the cause of the Union and soon offered his services in behalf of his adopted country. During January of 1863 he was accepted as a private in the One Hundred and Fifth New York Infantry, which in 1864 was consolidated with the Ninety-fourth New York Eegiment. During the period of his service he was with his regiment at the front and participated in many of the most decisive battles of the war, among them being the second battle of Bull Eun, South IMountain, Slaughter Mou.ntain, Antietam, Fredericksburg, Gettysburg. Petersburg and Appomattox. While fighting at Gettysburg he fell into the hands of the enemy, but later was sent to the parole camp, where he remained for some five months, when his exchange was effected, and he returned to the regiment.

Immediately after receiving an honorable discharge from the army Mr. Murphy came to Minnesota and in August of 1865 became a resident of Blue Earth county, where ever since he has engaged in agricultural pursuits, owning a wellimproved tract of land in Garden City township, on rural route Xo. 2, out from Lake Crystal. His neat cottage is presided over by Mrs. ilurphy, formerly ]\Iiss Eachel Pedwin, whom he married in 1ST8. They are the parents of three daixghtcrs. The family attend the Baptist church at Lake Crystal and contribute to its maintenance. For years Mr. Murphy has been an interested worker in the Grand Army of the Eepublic, holding membership with A. T. Murphy Post No. 108, at Lake Crystal, and sharing with the other members the pleasure of frequent reunions around the camp-fire, where stories are told of thrilling events connected with their service in the south during the war.

NAYLOE, JAMES. - When reflecting upon the agricultural progress of Minnesota Mr. ISTaylor may well say, "All of which I saw and part of which I was."' More than fifty years have come and gone since he arrived in what was then the frontier region of the United States. Indians stili molested the white settlers and on more than one occasion he has shouldered his rifle and gone forth to fight the savages. It was during 18.56 that he landed in Minnesota and six years later he enlisted as a volunteer in the Union army, being accepted as a private in Company A, Tenth Minnesota Infantry, assigned to the army of the west, and later transferred to the Sixteenth Army Corps, army of the south. His service in the war covered a period of three 3'ears and fourteen davs and came to an end with the close of the contest, when he was granted an honorable discharge. After he enlisted his first battle was with the Indians at Devil's lake in Minnesota, and later he took part in the battles at Nashville, Tupelo, and other points in the south, but sickness forced him to remain in a hospital at Memphis for six months and in the battles of that period he had no part. As a soldier he proved efficient, courageous and quick to grasp military tactics, and he served his adopted country faithfully and well.

Born in Lincolnshire, England, October 31, 181-2, James Naylor is a son of John and Elizabeth (Eux) Naylor natives of the same shire as himself and emigrants therefrom to America during the year 1850. Their first location was on a tract of land in Cook county, Illinois, near Chicago. During 1856 they brought their children to Minnesota and took up a claim' in Steele coanty, where afterward they engaged in developing and improving a farm. On that place the wife and mother died in 1899 and the father in 190.3. They were parents of' eight children, namely: John, Edward, George, Mary, James, Elizabeth, William and Arthur. When the family came to the United States James was about eight years old and he was fourteen at the time of arriving in Minnesota, where he has since made his home.

The marriage of .James Kaylor took place August 7, 1867, and united him with Carrie Burgess, daughter of Joshua Burgess, a native of Massachusetts and a pioneer of Blue Earth county, Minnesota, where he followed the trade of a carpenter. On account of the failure of his health he went west and traveled in the hope that he might be benefited by the change, but the hope proved futile and he died while stopping in Salt Lake City. Mr. and ^Irs. ISTaylor have three children. The eldest child, Herbert, married Myrtle Eemick and makes his home in Minneapolis, where he is employed as a bridge carpenter. The second son, E. J., who married Alice Croswell, now has charge of the home farm. The only daughter. Myrtle, was educated in the ]\rankato State ISTormal and now is engaged in teaching school in ISTorth Dakota.

After many years of residence in another part of Minnesota Mr. Na^dor came to Blue Earth county in 1887 and now owns two hundred acres of land in Eapidan township, of which one hundred and fifty acres are under the plow. The attractive residence, erected by the present owner, is sheltered by a grove of forest trees and pre- Lscnts an appearance of refinement and thrift. The land is under excellent cultivation and bears valuable improvements, all made by Mr. Naylor, who deserves to be classed among the progressive men of his township. For years he has been connected with the Grand Army of the Eepublic at Mankato. In polities he is a Eepublican. Interest in local affairs led him to accept the offices of overseer of the roads and school director, and the movements toward good roads and good schools have in him a firm friend and intelligent champion.

XEILSEX, XEIL. - The landscape gardeners art ever has been regarded as one of the most satisfying of the creative industries of man.. The lover of nature knoMs that his opportunities are boundless, and his work one which always is appreciated bv the majority of his kind. Sluch tliat is noble must live in the heart of a man who thus is permitted to spend his days in close companionship with liis flowers, shruljs and the vistas of distance whieli he is able to create. One finds the truth of this assertion in Neil Xeilsen, who, though a companative newcomer to ^fankato, has made his influence felt through his success as a florist and gardener.'

Practically all of Mr. Xeilseu"s life has been spent in an atmosphere of flowers, and their care and propogation w^as the keynote of the industry which prevailed in the home in Denmark, wliere he was born February 24, 18GG. His father, Christian Xeilsen, was an ardent devotee of flowers and plants and shrubs, and his entire active life was spent in developing and selling them. Under his wise direction the son grew in knowledge of the fascinating industry, flnally succeeding to the management of the paternal business. Thrifty as are his people as a nation, he lived within his means, saved a little, and in 1891 established a home of his own, marrying Christiana Petersen, a native also of Denmark. The young people came to America during the fall following their marriage, and ^[r. Xeil^on selected Chicago as a ])nssible field fm- liis future life work. For five years he was employed by various gardeners and florists, and his ability and knowledge received ample recognition, especially when the World's Fair was in process of building, when he served three years in the landscape department. He next went to St. Paul, Minnesota, and was employed by a leading florist, in 1901 coming to ]\Iankato, which since has been his home.

In Mankato Jlr. Xeilsen bought the greenhouses establishel more than thirty years ago by Herman Lorentz, and located on the corner of State and Marshall streets. In the meantime he has greatly enlarged their capacity, and his space now is represented by aljout eight thousand feet of glass. He is engaged in a large trade throughout the county, sending to many distant towns cut flowers and potted plants, as well as catering to a gratifying local demand.

Mr. Xeilsen is a Republican in politics, and in religion is a member of the Danish-Norwegian church. To himself and wife have been born five children: Christian, Letta, Ernest, Holger and Harold.

XELSEX^, JACOB B. - It has been the mission of Jacob B. Xelsen to contribute more towards the making of his architectural surroundings than any other man in southern Minnesota. It is a pleasure and satisfaction when walking abroad in ^Mankato to st'e on every hand evidences of his skill and reliability, of his ability to house the institutions and people of the community, and of the confidence reposed in him by individuals, singly and in the aggregate. Xor is his reputation dependent upon local estimate, for scattered throughout the state, and even in the adjoining states, are public and private buildings erected under his supervision, and with that thoroughness and regard for detail and substantiality ^\hich characterizes the man who labors for the love of his work, and who thinks his best is none too good for an expression of himself.

'Mv. Xelsen typified tlie best that comes to our shores from the little country of Denmark, where ho was born April 14, 186.3, and wliere he received a ])ractical education in the public schools. His immigration to America, in 188.'J, at the age of twent\'-two years, was characteristic of the spirit of advancement which since has influenced his career, leading him to a citizenship as varied and many sided as it is useful and influential. A^'ere the bottom to drop out of the building business he might turn his attention to the miller trade with assurance of success, as it was this line of work which yielded him his first independent livelihood. For a 3'ear and a half he followed the miller' ^^ trade in Omaha, Nebraska, then came to Mankato, where he since has engaged in contracting and building, at first as an employe of 0. E. Mather, with whom he remained about six years. During this time he learned every phase of the business, and by his faithfulness and quickness of perception, laid the foundation for his subsequent success. In the fall of 1893 he began to build and contract along advanced lines, and in the meantime has erected the Public Library, Chicago, ililwaukee & St. Paul Eailway Passenger Station, Immanuel Hospital, Independent Order of Odd Fellows Buildings, Eichard's Block, J. I. Case Building, F. M. Currier's Residence and the State Normal School, Mankato, Minn. He also built the Court house at Windom, Minn., the Court House at Fairmont, Minn., also Gustavus Adolphus College, County Jail, High School and Nurses' Dormitory, State Hospital, St. Peter, Minn., the Park Hotel, St. James, Minn., the Presbyterian Chuch and Ladies' Dormitory at the State Agricultural College, Brookings, S. D., Nurses' Dormitory, State Hopsital, Eochester, Minn., the St. Lucas Hospital at Faribault, Minn., and other buildings.

Mr. Nelsen makes his home in North Mankato, where he has a beautiful residence, and where he is prominent in the political and sncial life of the community. He has been three terms president of the Village Council, and at present is a member of the Board of Education. He has been a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows for the past twenty years, and now is Past Noble Grand. He is also connected with the 32nd Degree of Masons and Shriners, the Benevolent Protective Order of Elks, and the Modern Woodmen of America. His business sagacity and substantial wealth have brought him into active association with the banking interests of the town and county, and he is a director of the National Bank of Commerce of ifankato, Minn. In 1899 ili'. Nelson was united in marriage to Anna Xelsen, a native of JFankato, and of the union there as six children; Lucile,

Engrel, Lillian, Edvold, Esther and Jennes. Adaptiveness and resource have been important factors in Mr. Nelson's assimilation with American in.?titutions and responsibilities. He has none of the clannishness or norrowness met with in many of our capable representatives from other countries, but on the other hand has given of a sunny and sj'mpathetic nature to the many peoplp and interests with which he has beSn and now is identified.

NELSON, JOHN. - While most men are fortunate if master of one useful trade, it is given to John Nelson to confidently face the future with a thorough knowledge of two. Should he discontinue his present profitable tailoring business in Mankato, Mr. Nelson could command recognition as a carpenter and builder, an occupation with which he became familiar as soon as he was old enough to handle tools, and which he learned from his father in Norway. Born in that far off and picturesque country September 26, 1864, he is a son of Nels and Amelia Christensen, neither of whom ever left Norway-, and the former of whom died at the age of forty-eight years. Nels Christensen was a farmer as well as carpenter in early life, but latterly has devoted his energies entirely to building. In his family are seven children, all of whom are living.

Educated in the public schools of Norway, John Nelson quit the carpenter trade at the age of sixteen, and learned the trade of tailor, to which he since has devoted his energies. In search of larger opportunity than seemed to exist in his native land, he emigrated to America in 1882, locating first in Winona, this state, and in 1887 settling in lyiankato, where in 1902, he established his present tailoring business at 206 South Front street. Mr. Nelson has a growing and dependable trade, and his reputation for skill, good judgment and reliability has been won by unceasing devotion to the best business tenets. He supplies all grades of masculine wearing apparel, and can turn out a Tuxedo or hack about suit with equal facility.

dren: VAwm Martin and Einer Arnold. Mr. Xelson is prominently identified with the Xorwegian Lutheran Synod church, and has served as trustee for many years, and as treasurer for ten years. Fraternally he is identified with the lioval Arcanum, and politically is a Eepublican. He is tactful and obliging, always keeps his word, and is above subterfuge and misrepresentation dealing with his many customers.

XELSOX, OLE. - A really honest and superior workman lias his reward not only in the good, tangible, usuable things of the world, but in the unqualified respect which he receives from all classes of men and women. This is the enviable station in life occupied by Ole Xelson, the expert, reliable and prosperous metal worker of ilankato. Does the householder or business man require first-class furnace work, a steel ceiling, a water-proof sky-light, nr any other thing in the line of tin, copper and galvanized iron work, the first thought is of Mr. Nelson and his whereabouts. The result of his skill and faithfulness in these specialties is to give him the great bulk of the ]\rankato trade.

Ole Xelson is a carefvil, industrious, true son of Denmark, son of farmer parents and born September l."), 1868. As his father died when he was a mere lad, at the age of eleven years he came to America to live ^\ith his sister ^laria, whose husband, Hans Knudson, was connected with the Eapidan mill, in Eapidan township, this coiinly. Here Ole was employed for a time, before commencing to learn the tinning trade with Lamm & Schroeder, of ^Fankato, in 188."). He afterward secured em])loyment along these lines in the. Twin Cities and at various points in Xebraska, but finally returned to ^lankato and became connected with Schroeder & ]\Iurpliy. Thus thoroughly qualified to do efl'icient metal work, iir. Xelson, in 1899, made the fortunate venture of opening an establishment of his own at ">23 South Front street, and his reliable work, promptly ext'cuted, has since brought to him there the patronage of the l)est people in the city.

Woodmen of America, fraternally, and his political relations are with the Democracy. He is a kind and indulgent man of family; married to Turena Woge, of iladelia, Minnesota, in June, 189'?. he is the father of four children: Isla D.. Howard 0., Marie A. and George E.

Since establishing his home and professional headquarters in ilankato in 1901, Dr. Xerbovig has engaged in the practice of neurology and ophthalmolog}'. Xeurology is the science of analyzing the causes of human ills in such a mathematically accurate manner that nearly all of them may be found and removed without the use of drugs or operations. Ophthalmology is a branch of neurology and treats of the eyes. If the eyes consume an amount of the body's reserve force in excess of their natural share, some of the organs must suffer because they have so exhausted the nerve supply that nb organ can perform its functions purely from a lack of nerve forci' tn operate it. Then there are symptoms of deranged functions. Without the use of medicine or operations he has been able to effect some remarkable cures, thus proving the practical value of the method he has adopted. The close relation of the eyes to the rest of the nerves and the fact that the eyes are the most delicate and yet capable of performing more labor than any organ in the body, and under normal conditions consumes ten per cent of the nerve force of the body, but when defective can consume as' high as eight per cent more than the normal amount, thus depriving the normal organs of their necessiiry supply, and causing all kinds of disturbances which are called disease, hut in reality are only functional disturbances. Tn preparing for his work he had the advantage of a course of study in the Xorthern Illinois College of Ophtbalmolo<;T, and also the ^feCorraick Xeurologioal College of Chicago, from both of which institutions he received diplomas at the completion of the regular course.

Born in Xorway Xovember 18. 1807, Dr. Nerbovig is a son of Hans H. and Gurina Xerbovig, also natives, of that country. During 1870 the father brousrht the family to America and settled in Jlinnesota, where for five years lie lived at ilankatOj later resided in Janesville and Winona and since 1903 has made his home at Waseca. From early life he has followed the trade of a jeweler. Uf his family of ten children five died in infancy. John is a photographer; Carrie is the widow of Harry Blanchard, of Wapello, Iowa; Halver H. is a jeweler at Sheldon, Iowa; and George C. is engaged in the practice of neurology and ophthalmology at Faribault, this state. The mother of these children died in 1887 at the age of forty-four years.

The public schools of Janesville and Winona ga\'e to Christopher H. Xerbovig the necessary educational preparaticn for a busy career. While still a mere boy he L.gan to help his father in the jewelry business a^xd gained a knowledge of the trade, which he followed for some years, first in St. Charles, and later at Mapleton, Minnesota. Meanwhile his attention had been called to the science of ophthalmology as early as 1891 and he becaine a close student of optics. When his means permitted the collegiate training he desired he gave up his trade and entered college, where he thoroughly equipped himself for his life work. Since leaving college he has built up a growing practice in Mankato. Sharing with him the esteem of the people of this city is his wife, whom he married November 18, 1891, and who was Anna M. Van Gorder, a native of Few York state, but at the time of their marriage a resident of Winona, Minnesota. Six children were born of their union, three now living, namely : Gertrude Lucille, Myrtle Louise, Harriet Blanche and Christopher Herbert. Two sons, Harold C. and Kenneth C, died in infancy. The fraternal connections of Dr. Nerbovig include membership in the Eoyal Arcanum, the Modern Woodmen of America, the blue lodge and chapter of the Masonic order, and the Eastern Star, and in the last-named order he has been honored with the office of worthy patron of the Mankato chapter. He also is a member of the Knights of Pythias and the Benevolent Protective Order of Elks.

NICHOLS, L. M. - One of the veterans of the Civil war, whose service covered the entire period of the struggle and a portion of the period of reconstruction afterward, was L. M. Nichols, who came to Blue Earth county in 1869 and was identified with the agricultural interests of this part of the state. For almost thirty years he resided in Eapidan township on the farm which during that entire period he owned and operated. Though not one of the largest farmers of the township, he was an industrious farmer and labored Avith the greatest persistence to secure the needed improvements on his property. More than ordinary discouragement came to him, for twice his house was burned down, but each time he rebuilt, and the family now have a neat little home furnished in a manner indicative of their refined tastes and orderly spirit.

Near Saratoga Springs in the state of New York, L. M. Nichols was born June 5, 1840, being a son of William and Charity (Hewett) Nichols, natives of New York and pioneers of Wisconsin, where they died on a farm. The education o-f L. M. Nichols was secured in country schools in Wisconsin. While still quite young he enlisted in a Blackhawk company and later became a, private in Company C, Fourth Wisconsin Infantry, in which he served for two years, until the expiration of his time. Shortly after he enlisted in the Fourth Wisconsin Cavalry and remained with it at the front until after the close of the war, being in active service for more than five years. On leaving the army he returned to Wisconsin and took up general farm pursuits. From 1869 he made his home in Blue Earth county and since 1879 he lived on the present homestead in Eapidan township until his death which occurred September 11th, 1907, at the age of sixty-seven years, three months and eleven days. His was an industrious, persevering life, and he won the esteem of a large circle of acquaintances.

xA.t the time of coming to Blue Earth county and for some time thereafter Mr. Nichols was a single man, but in 1877 he established domestic ties, being united during that year with Miss Jane Lonlett, daughter of Mitchell and Jane (Tasscy) Lonlett, natives of Vermont and pioneers of Blue Earth county. The death of Mrs. Lonlett occurred in Madelia, while her husband passed away in Vernon Center township. There are four children in the family of Mr. and Mrs.

Nichols. The eldest child, Cortenous, is a resident of ilankato. Stella is married and lives in this count}-. Allen B. and Edward V. remain with their mother on the home farm in R.apida,n township. Ever since casting his first ballot Mr. Nichols was a stanch Republican and supported local candidates of that party by his ballot and influence. For years he was a member of the Grand Army of the Republic at Mankato and maintained a warm interest in the reunions of the veterans of the war.

NIMS, S. J. - Ever since establishing his home in Blue Earth county in 1865 Mr. Nims has been a resident of Vernon Center township, with whose agricultural and commercial interests his name is closely associated. A^'ery soon after his arrival here as a resident he acquired land by purchase and to the original tract he added from time to time until now he owns a farm of two hundred and thirty-five acres, which under his sagacious management has been transformed from a desolate waste of school land into a valuable and productive property, bearing neat improvements and the necessary equipment in buildings to enable the tenant to carry forward expeditiously the work of the place. After having cultivated the land for twentj'-four years, in 1889 he rented the farm and removed to Vernon Center, where he owns a beautiful residence surrounded by an acre of well-kept grounds. For some time he has been retired from active cares, but at first after removing to town he had numerous business identifications. For six years he engaged in the buying and shipping of stock and wheat, for the latter purpose building an elevator that still stands. For four years he carried on a lumber yard. While actively engaged in the shipping business he shipped the first shelled corn and the first baled hay ever sent out from A'ernon Center. In all of his dealings with farmers he proved to be thoroughly honest and straightforward, and he won their confidence by his honorable methods of conducting business.

was likewise a native of Saratoga county, followed saw-milling in an early day and also engaged in carpentering. For a time he took contracts for buildings of all kinds. During the early '50s he came to the west and settled in Dodge county, Wisconsin, where he engaged in carpentering for twenty years. A brief sojourn was then made in Missouri, after "which he returned to Buffalo county, Wisconsin, to make his home. During 1887 he removed to Washington and settled in the growing city of Seattle, where his death occurred in 1893. Nine children comprised his family, namely: Eliza, Martha, Devritt, who died in the War of the Rebellion in 1863, S. J., Amelia (who died in girlhood), Paulina, Mary, Julius and Julian, who died in infancy.

The marriage of S. J. Nims occurred in 1865 and united him with Sarah J. Cook, by whom he has one daughter, Winnifred; the latter in 1884 was united with Joseph D. Morrison, a carpenter engaged in business at Vernon Center. The father of Mrs. Nims was Sheldon Cook, a native of New York state, by occupation a farmer, and after 1858 a resident of Wisconsin, where he engaged in agricultural pursuits in Dodge county, dying there in 1869 ; his wife, who bore the maiden name of Alma Covley, died in 1ST6. During the year of his marriage Mr. Nims came to Blue Earth county and settled in Vernon Center township, where since he has been intimately identified with farm and business activities, meanwhile holding a high place in the regard of acquaintances, and contributing his quota to the development of the material resources of the township. Deeply interested in educational work, he has held school offices for many years and has done all within his power to promote the welfare of the schools of the township. The only political office which he has held is the position of township assessor, to which he was elected by the Republican party of the town. In religion he holds membership with the Baptist church, while his wife is of the Presbyterian faith. Both were well educated in Fox Lake college in Wisconsin and Mrs. Nims taught school after completing her studies, winning a local fame for thorough work as an educator. Possessed of literary ability, she has written con- siderable poetry, has often reported for leading papers of Minnesota, and lias the distinction of liaving written more obituary notices and memoirs than any other resident of tire entire county. Por this work she is qualified by her wide acquaintanceship, fine command of language and thorough education, and her influence extends through all of the most cultured circles of the county.

NOE, JOHN C. - Intimately conversant with the values of farm lands and real estate in Blue Earth county, Mr. Noe has the necessary equipment for the successful prosecution of his special work in the buying and selling of properties, and for a long period he has conducted such an enterprise with significant success, meanwhile also carrying on a loan agency. Xo one is more deeply interested than he in the promotion of the city's welfare, and his home town of Mankato has been benefited by his residence therein, covering the entire period from February of 1871: to the present time. Meanwhile he has served as president of the Board of Trade, has been prominent in other agencies for the development and extension of Mankato's commerce, and has given proficient and judicious aid to worthy projects in their days of struggle for a business foothold.

Born in Xewburgh, New York, ilay 2, 1814, John C. Noe was a son of Albert Noe,- a wellknown merchant of that city. During the years of his boyhood he received excellent advantages in local schools and later qualified himself for the legal profession by a thorough course ol study of the law. Admitted to the bar in 1866, he took up professional work in his native city, where he passed through the discouragements which fall to the lot of all in securing a start in the midst of older and more experienced lawyers. In 1873 he decided to settle in the west, and in search of a suitable location he came to Minnesota, making a brief sojourn in Winona, where he was admitted to practice in this state in 1873. In February of the following year he came to Mankato, where he has since engaged in the real estate and loan business and the practice of his profession and also has maintained an interest in civic affairs, proving himself a conscientious supporter of every good work. Sharing with him in the esteem of the community is his wife, formerly j\liss Anna Chandler, whom he married June 23, 1868, at Fishkill, New York, and wlio is a member of one of the old families of the east.

NORTON, JOHN R. - Very soon after tlie building of the railroad through Mapleton had brought the village into close touch with the outer world, Mr. Norton became a pioneer of the place and since has been identified with its business interests. Finding a favorable opening for a lumber business, he opened a yard soon after becoming a resident of the town and from that time to tlie present he has engaged continuously in the business. His yards are situated in the northeast corner of the town and contain a general line of hard and soft lumber of all kinds, as well as doors, sash, lime, stone, cement and all other lines of building material. A generous proportion of the trade in his line comes to his yards -and his reputation among the people of the community is that of an honorable business man and progressive citizen.

On the western coast of Ireland, in the county of Limerick and near the city of the same name whose sweet-toned chimes have made its name familiar through all parts of the world, there still stands the homestead where the Norton family followed agricultural pursuits. Thomas, son of John Norton, was born there in 1801, and married Margaret Reedy, a native of the same county, born in 181G. In 1852, years after their marriage, they came to the United States and settled at Sherburne, Chenango county. New York. Four years later they proceeded still further west and identified themselves with the pioneers of Sauk county, Wisconsin, where the father developel a raw tract of land into a fertile farm. Upon retiring from agricultural pursuits in 1880 he moved to Waukesha, Wisconsin, and there he passed from earth in 1885, having survived his -wife six years. They were the parents of five sons and five daughters, the fifth of the ten children being John R., who was born in Limerick, Ireland, March 19, 1840, and at the age of twelve years accompanied the family to the new world. Four years later he came west with them and aided in the hard task of clearing the home farm.

After having spent the years 1864-G5 as an employe in a machine shop in Rockford, Illinois, during the latter year ilr. Xorton became interested in the raising and dealing of hops, which he continued for ten years, meanwhile also dealing in stock. As previously stated, he came to ilapleton shortly after the completion of the railroad and since then he has been a prominent business man of the town. Prospered financially, he has become a director in the First National Bank of Mapleton and has acquired other interests in or near his home town. While devoting himself with assiduous enthusiasm to business matters, at the same time he has discharged every duty devolving upon a patriotic citizen and has been active in his support of educational and public measures beneficial to town and county. As a member of the school board he has earnestly labored to promote the usefulness of the town schools. Though preferring not to accept political offices, he has been interested in politics and has maintained a stanch allegiance to the Democratic party.

O'CONNOR, CHARLES. - The family represented by this well-known citizen of St. Clair traces its lineage to Ireland, where many successive generations li^'ed and labored. It was not until near the middle of the nineteenth century that this branch of the family established a home in the United States, the original immigrant having been Patrick O'Connor, a native of county Sligo, Ireland, and a man of versatile ability and unquestioned loyalty to the country of his adoption. To him belongs the distinction of having been the first man to sign as a volunteer for the Mexican war. When he crossed the Atlantic to the new world in 1838 he was accompanied by his wite, who bore the maiden name of - ]\Iargaret ifcDerniott and was a native of Dublin. After they had established a home in Albany, New York, there was born to them a son, Charles, December 10, 1843. The family left Albany in 18-17 and journeyed to Chicago in the primitive fashion preceding the introduction of railways. For nine years they remained in Cbicago, where the son attended school and where it was his privilege to study in the famous university, St. JIary's of the Lake.

A later place of residence was at Fond du Lac, \Visconsin, where the family made their home for nine years. From there they came to Jlinnesota in 1864 and settled in Blue Earth count}^, where they pre-empted a claim of one hundred and sixty acres. Both in Wisconsin, where he had secured government land, and subsequently in Minnesota, the father conducted general farming and earned a livelihood by tilling the soil. His last years were passed in retirement from agricultural cares and he passed away at St. Clair in 1905 one year after the demise of his devoted wife. Among the pioneers of his part of the county he is remembered as a farmer of ability, a kind-hearted neighbor, generous to all in need, and solicitous to pro-, mote the welfare of his community.

The marriage of Charles O'Connor was solemnized in January of 1875 and united him with i\liss Susan Goodwin, a native of Canada. Three sons and one daughter blessed their union, namely : Arthur, who is engaged in the freighting business; Charles, William E. and Laura, all living in St. Clair. The oldest son is married and has one child. The family are faithful members of the Roman Catholic church and contribute generously to religious movements under charge of that denomination. In politics Mr. O'Connor has been a believer in Democratic principles all of his life, and has voted that ticket ever since attaining his majority. For eight years he held the office of postmaster of St. Clair, to which office he was appointed upon the solicitation of prominent members of his party. For twenty years he has officiated in the capacity of town clerk and for a quarter of a century he has been justice of the peace. His qualifications for the latter office, as indeed for all positions held by him, are increased by his knowledge of the law, which he studied in early manhood for a considerable period, thus familiarizing himself with jurisprudence to a degree very useful to him in subsequent affairs. As an attorney his counsel often has been sought by the people of the village and surrounding country and his advice upon disputed legal points is considered authoritative by his clients. As a citizen he has shown a constant interest in all measures for the upbuilding of the town and has contributed of time and influence to aid important projects.

O'CONNOR, FRANCIS. - An enquiring mind, constant progression and well applied industry are responsible for the success of Francis O'Connor, who, with his brother, Charles O'Connor, is farming the old O'Connor homestead. In the sketch of Charles O'Connor, on another page of this work, is a more complete record of the family connection with Blue Earth county. Francis O'Connor is a son of Patrick and ]\[argaret McDermot O'Connor, the former of whom died April 9, 1905, in St. Clair, and the latter died January 24, 1904.

Mr. O'Connor was educated in the public schools, and has had the average advantages of the country leared youth. Pie is a natural farmer, interested in his work, and a believer in its dignity and usefulness. Politically he is a democrat, but aside from the foimality of casting his vote, he is not interested in local political undertakings. In religion he is a Roman Catholic. Mr. O'Connor enjoys an enviable reputation in his township, and is a promoter of all that tends to the greater enlightenment and happiness of the community in which he lives.

ODJARD, OLE 0. - Specializing in business and manufactures is now as much the rule as following and developing a specialty in the professions, and it require^ an especially high order of excellence in work and ability of character to succeed in either. In the line of furniture manufacturing, Mr. Odjard, senior member of Odjard & Knoff, the well known Mankato firm, has e.itablished a fine business in the making and sale of bank, ofEice, church and saloon fixtures, being the pioneer in this specialty in the city, and the interiors of many of the prominent buildings of the locality bear witness to his skillful and tasteful workmanship. He is a practical wood worker and before establishing his own

Mr. Odjard is a native of Norway and was born October 29, 1844 being reared as a farmer's son and, to the age of fourteen years, receiving a limited education in the parochial schools of his Patlierland. His parents lived and died in Norway, having a family of five children, of -whom Ole and two brothers came to America. The former early learned the trade of carpentry and wood working, and in 186G became a resident of Piodgeville, Wisconsin, where for five years he was employed at furniture making and in other lines of his vocation. In February, 1871, he located at Mankato, but before commencing work secured a land claim in Martin County, Minnesota. Soon afterward he became associated with lierman Knoff in the manufacture of furniture and for over a quarter of a century have worked and prospered together, their output gradually being directed toward supplying the demand in the specialties mentioned above. With the in- . crease of their business they have enlarged their plant from time to time until their present manufactory at 516-518 South Front street is one of the most substantial looking establishments of Mankato.

Ole 0. Odjard was married in 1872, to Miss Plelen Holverson, also a native of Norway, who came with her parents to Wisconsin when she was five years of age. She was a well educated and refined woman and was for some time a companion to the wife of Governor Dodge, the first executive of Wisconsin. Mrs. Odjard died in 1903, at the age of fifty-six years, leaving the following children: Anna Ovedea, who is a gi-aduate of Vassar College and is now teaching in Albuquerque, New Mexico; Lelia Grace, a graduate of the Mankato Pligh School and the State Normal School, also a teacher; and Cora May, Mho graduated from the same institutions and ib engaged in teaching at Wells, Minnesota. Mr. Odjard is connected with the A. F. & A. M., Royal Arcanum, Eastern Star and Knights ol Pythias. In local affairs he is politically independent, but on national issues is a Republican, Although reared a Lutheran, he is not a member of the church, but is a supporter of the moral and religious institutions and movements which

OLESOX, GAEL L. - The development of a town is in no instance more permanantly promoted than by the establishment of banking ingtitutions of undoubted stability and solid worth. Such concerns prove of inestimable importance in aiding the prosperity of a community, and those having them in charge contribute to the general welfare in a degree not to be overlooked. The substantial financial interests of Mankato have been promoted by the keen judgment and financial ability of Carl L. and Albert 0. Oleson, who in 1902 inaugurated the enterprise taking formin the incorporation of the National Bank of Commerce capitalized at $100,000, with the following officers: Albert 0. Oleson, president; John Diamond, vice-president; and Carl L. Oleson, cashier. Since the establishment of the bank it has been successful beyond the most sanquine expectations of its founders and has won a high place in the moneyed circles of the county.

The Oleson brothers are natives of Lansing, Icwa. Carl L., who was born January 23, 1859, attended grammar school, later was a student in the high school at Waukon, Iowa, after which he took a course in a business college. For some years he was employed as a bookkeeper by various companies. During 1878 he came to Minnesota and settled in Eock county, where he was employed for six years. In ISS.) he was united in 'marriage with Jliss Hattie ^linard, formerly of Luverne, Eock county, this state, and of this union there are three daughters, Louise, ilildreJ and Loretta. Albert 0. Oleson was married in 1892 to Xora Heath, of Howard, South Dakota, and they have two daughters, Esther and Muriel.

Besides the bank at Mankato the brothers have been instrumental in founding other financial institutions and have carried on with unexampled success a number of such concerns, among them being the Wells National Bank at Wells, this state, (of which Carl is vice-president) the First Xational Bank of Howard, South Dakota, (of which he acts as president) and the Security State Bank of Delavan, Minnesota. Possessing keen insight, careful discrimination, sagacious judgment in investments, and aprogressive spirit, he has been-qualified by natural gifts for large success as a financier. Aside from his banking business, he has been prominent in various fraternities, including the Ancient Order of United Workmen, of which he has been gTand Eeceiver in the Xorth and South Dakota Jurisdiction. A stanch believer in the principles of Masonry, he has filled all of the chairs in the blue lodge and also has risen to the Eoyal Arch Cliapter and the Mvstic Shrine.

OLIYEE, GEOEGE G. - The traits of industry and economy that almost invariably characterize the representatives of the Welsh nationality in whatever part of the- world they may be found, predominate in the character and life of George G. Oliver, one of the prosperous land owners of Blue Earth county and a leading farmer of Pleasant Mound township, where he owns and cultivates an estate of two hundred and forty acres. Horses, cattle and hogs are to be found on his place, and in addition he is probably the uKist extensive sheep raiser in this section of ilinnesota, having a large flock that each year brings him a neat income fruiii the sale of the wool and mutton. The improvements on the farm include a neat residence and substantial outbuildings, surrounding which may be seen a fine grove of hardwood trees forming a desirable windbreak in winter storms.

William and ]\Iary (Hughes) Oliver, natives of Wales, came to the United States in 181G and stopped for a time in ^Milwaukee, wliich at the time contained only a very few houses. From there they proceeded to Waukesha county, Wisconsin, and took up a tract of raw land in that then sparsely settled region, where the father devoted the balance of his life to farming. The mother had four uncles who were clergymen in Wales, and the grandfather also was a life-long worker in the ministry. There were eleven children in the family of William Oliver, among whom we mention the name of George G. Oliver, born on the farm in Waukesha county, Wisconsin, November 10, 1856, and reared in the locality familiar to his earliest memories. During 1880 he removed to Minnesota and settled in

Blue Earth county, where he has since risen to a position of prominence among tlie farmers of Pleasant Mound township. As a stock raiser he has had a long and successful experience and has found the silo the greatest possible aid in the work, enabling him to utilize the feed without any waste and with the utmost benefit to the stock. His silo has a capacity of one hundred and eighty tons and it is his decision after a thorough trial of the same that he would not keep stock on the farm without the aid of one of these feed-storage plants.

Prior to removing from Wisconsin to Minnesota domestic ties had been established by Mr. Oliver, who was united in marriage November 20, 1879, with ]\Iiss ilary Eoberts, a native of Delaware count)', Ohio, and a daughter of Eev. Hugh and Alice (Evans) Eoberts, natives of the north of Wales. During childhood Hugh Eoberts was deprived by death of parental affection and care, but with self-reliance and determination he worked his way along through school, acquired an excellent education and entered the ministry of the Methodist Episcopal denomination, to which self-sacrificing labors he devoted his entire active years. The mother also had two uncles, two brothers, and a half brother who were ministers. In the family of Mr. and ilrs. Oliver there are five sons, namely : William H., who graduated from Parker college with the degree of bachelor of arts, and is now manager of a hardware business in Michigan; Claude J., now a student in Parker college; Earl, Frank and Burt, students in the local schools. Through all of his life Mr. Oliver has been in symijathy with educational work and by a service of eighteen years on the school board he has been helpful in promoting the welfare of his school district.

OLSOX, BAEXEY. - Intelligent and arduous labor merits success, a fair degree of which it ufually b&stows upon its seekers, and thus it has come about that Barney Olson ranks among the successful farmers of Medo township. When ho came to Blue Earth county during the spring of 1866, a few months after the expiration of his army service, he was without means, but he possessed an abundance of energy and a sturdy constitution, so that he was able to endure sacrifices that might have daunted one of less physical or mental hardihood. When he came to Medo township and bought as a claim the southwest quarter of section thirty-four, he found only a few settlers in this part of the count}-. With the other pioneers he endured many vicissitudes. Eoads had not yet been opened nor had bridges been built, so that the pioneers were compelled to ford all streams and make then way as best they could .across the unbroken, stretches of land. To sustain his family and provide them -with the necessities of life during that trying period was no easy task, but it developed the best in his nature, and those days of arduous labor remain among the most pleasant of his memories.

The early years of the life of Barney Olson were passed in his native place, Bergen, Norv.'ay, near the rugged Atlantic coast, whose stern and rock-bound shores brought destruction to many of the little fishing craft that furnished a means of livelihood to the toilers of the sea. His father, Ole B. Olson, was a native of Bergen and passed his entire life on a farm there. The son was born February 2, 1836, and at an early age was put to work as an assistant in the support of the family. Seeking a more favorable opening, he came to the United States in 1858 and settled in Jefferson county, Wisconsin, but eighteen months later he removed to Deerfield, Dane county.

During 1864, j\Ir. Olson enlisted in the union army as a member of the Forty-ninth Wisconsin Infantry and was mustered into service at Madison, Wisconsin, from which city he was ordered t'l Benton Barracks in Missouri. Afterward his regiment traveled through various parts of Missouri and followed gangs of bushwhackers and rc'bbers then infesting the country. In 1865, he received an honorable discharge at the close of the war and returned to his Wisconsin home, but from there in the spring of 1866, he moved to Minnesota and settled on the quarter-section farm which he still owns, and which is situated east of Cottonwood lake in Medo township. By additional purchase he has increased the size of the farm, which now comprises two hundred and forty acres. Crops are raised such as are adapted to the soil and climate^ and a good grade of cattle, horses and hogs are also raised. The owner has been successful in his farming operations and furnishes an excellent example of the Norwegian element that forms a sturdy addition to the population of our commonwealth.

The marriage of Mr. Olson took place in June of 1859, and united him with Annie Olson, who came from Bergen, Xorwa\-, to the United States in 185G, settling with other members of her family in Wisconsin. Tliey are the parents of the following named children : Betsy, ]\lrs. C, 0. Strom of Fargo, Xorth Dakota; Benner, also living in Fargo; Martha, who is married and makes her home in Fargo; Casper, of Grand Forks, North Dakota.; Albert who has settled in the state of Washington; Peter, Franklyn and John, who still remain -with their parents and assist in the work of the home farm.

OLSON, OLE K. - To begin independent farming without any capital except a pair of willing hands, a robust constitution and a resourceful mind, and to attain a position of prominence as an extensive farmer and progressive stockman, proves that one possesses more than ordinarv ability. Such may be claimed for Mr. Olson, who is unanimously pronounced to be one of the most enterprising young farmers of Blue Earth county, as he i.s also one of the largest farmers of Sterling township. All of his farm operations are conducted upon an extensive scale, yet each is superintended with the most exacting scrutiny and the strictest attention to detail. The Norwegian race in Minnesota, recognized as furnishing a most substantial addition to our population, has no repre- -ientative more industrious, capable and energetic than is Mr. Olson, whose success is well merited by the exercise of qualities, of honor, sobriety and industry.

Of American birth and Norwegian parentage, Ole K. Olson ^i-as born in Winneshiek county, Iowa, ifarch 30, 1SG2, being a son of Kettle Olson, who came from Norway in young manhood and settled in Iowa during the '50s. The year 1864 found him in I\Iinnesota, where he bought out the right to a tract of land in Sterling township, Blue Earth county, and since tiien he has devoted his attention to superintending the development of the fine farm of one hundred and sixty acres, the practical work of which has been given over to the charge of his son Theodore, although- the father continues to make it his home. When old enough to attend school Ole Iv. Olson was sent to the country schools in Sterling tow-nship and thus acquired a fair education in the common branches of study. ITpon starting out for himself he selected agriculture for his lll'e work. In 1882 he rented the Elder Hunt pjace of one himdred and sixty acres. Soon he acquired the title to the property Ijy purchase and added to tlie same by buying eighty acres adjoining. Later he bought the Farrell farm of one hundred and sixty acres. His next purchase consisted of eighty acres of tlie old ilonger farm. All of these tracts he still o\vus and operates. In addition he rents the Curry farm of two hundred acres and one hundred sixty acret belonging to his brother, so that altogether he controls and operates more than eight hundred acres.

Making a specialty of thoroughbred stock, 3Ir. Olson has a registered animal of fine quality at the head of his herd of Dnrhams and Shorthorn cattle numbering about two hundred head. The cattle are fattened and shipped to the Chicago market. At times he has as many as tv, 0 hundred head of hogs, Poland-Cliinas being his favorites. In horses he breeds the Pcrcherons and lias ' eight registered mares of the finest qjiality, besides which he usually keeps twelve other horses of the finest type of Percheron. The c( Its are sold in the home market and brinsr very high prices. As a judge of fine stock Mr. Olson has few superiors. As a stockman he is progressive, seeking only the best and discarding from his herds all animals that give evidence of falling below the accepted standard of perfection.

The marriage of 'Sir. Olson took place in ISi)? and united him with Maggie A. Currv, of Sterling township, daughter of the honored pioneer, Robert Curry. They are the parents of four children, Robert Walter, Theodore Edward, Ole Nello and ;\Iary Eliza. Notwithstanding the large tract of land w^hich he owns or rents and in spite of the many duties demanding his constant care, ilr. (Jlgon finds leisure to keep posted concerning local matters and is regarded as one of tlie publicspirited citizens of the township. For one term he served as justice of the peace and during that period his decisions -were recognized as showing a wide knowledge of the law as well as an impartial spirit. For four years he filled the office of assessor and for eight terms he was a member of the town board of supervisors^ during which time he gave his support to many movements for the benefit of the to'iviiship and county.

OTTEESTBIX, FEAITK E. - In no occupation embodied in the great working forces of the world is greater patience, persistency and good judgment required of its followers than in the science of farming. In it there are no short cuts to success, no magic by which hard work even with the best of modern facilities, can be avoided, of the real issues turned from their counsel. To profit by failure, to anticipate such emergencies as result from the uncertainty of the seasons, and to keep ever burning the lamp of research and advancement are the chief roads upon which one man travels faster or to better advantage than his neighbor of the same calling. It follows, therefore, that to own a large property when formerly one had no visible asset?, to be influential when in youth one was obscure, there are to be drawn deductions only of the most praiseworthy and encouraging character. In this connection it is gratifying to mention the name of Frank E. Otterstein, the owner of more than four hundred acres of valuable land in section 33, Shelby township, Blue Earth county.

j\Ir. Otterstein was born in Dodge county, Wisconsin, Xovember 15, 1853, and is a son of Carl Otterstein, a native of Germany. The elder Otterstein was a widower when he came to the United States as a comparatively young man, and he became one of the early pioneers of Wisconsin, where he farmed and married a second wife, Frank E. being a son of this union. Thfe lad was early depeiident upon his own resources, for his father died when he was eight years old and his mother a few years later. He was variously employed in Wisconsin until 1877, when he came to Blue Earth county and bought a part in his present farm in Shelby township. The land was crude and undeveloped at the time of purchase, but now it is one of the most valuable properties in the county, having ample facilities for the raising of high grade stock, including Durham cattle, J^orman horses and Poland-China hogs. This farm embodied the most advanced agricultural ideals known to the present generation of toilers, and may well be an example to the youth desiring the l^est start in his farming life. July 17, 1879, Mr. Otterstein was united in marriage to Minnie Brown, who was born in Fillmore county, Minnesota, October 26, 1861, a daughter of Frederick W. Brown, of Quebec, Canada, and j\Iaria J. (Andrews) Brown, a native of Cattarauguas county, Xew York. Mr. Brown came to Des Moines, Iowa, in 1856, and later bought land in Fillmore county, Minnesota, flhere he remained until 1862. He then moved to Blue Earth county and took up a farm in section 33, Shelby township, where he both cultivated his land and followed his trade as carpenter and builder. In the neighborhood he built many of the houses and barns which now still stand as monuments to his conscientious work, and continued to make this his home until his death, November 16, 1871. He was the parent of four daughters, two of whom are living : Mrs. Alice M. Covell, of Minneapolis, and Mrs. Otterstein, "Sir. and Mrs. Otterstein are the parentb of the following children; Nellie, deceased; Ag- I'cs, now Mrs. J. H. Kinney, of Amboy; Earl, of Minneapolis ; Fred W. ; Iva, deceased ; George ; Harold- Eugene; Robert Jlerton; Paul Aklen; and Dorisetta and Alicetta, twins, now deceased. Mr. Otterstein rejoices in his large and interesting family, and his children are receiving the best possible advantages within his power to beslow. The two eldest sons graduated from the Winnebago high school - Earl in 1906, and Fred in 1907.

OYEEilAN, ADOLPHITS M. - The business interests of ilankato received an energetic acquisition when in 1902 A. M. Overman came to this city, where since he has conducted a music store on the corner of Jackson and Second streets. A long experience in the business, dating back to the years of his childhood and his assistance given in a music store owned by his father, enables him to buy musical instruments with unexcelled judgment. There are few qualifications more important to a music dealer than an ear trained to tones and harmonies, aljle to detect discords instantaneously, and well versed in the people's preferences and musical tastes; these qualities Mr. Overman possesses and they enable him to conduct a growing l)usiness with judgment and success. Among the makes of pianos which he carries are the Schimmel, Chickering, ililler, Whitney, Schiller and the Story & Clark, together with the Cecilian plaj^ers; while in organs he makes a specialty of the Kimball, Farrand and Xewman Brothers varieties. A full line of sheet music is kept in stock, including the very latest additions to the modern musician's repertoire, and furthermore he carries stringed instruments of all kinds.

Knightstown, Indiana, is Mr. Overman's native place, and July 18, 187;i, the date of his birth, his parents being Eeuben E. and Anna (Ashbaugh) Overman, natives of Cleveland, Indiana. The father, who for years engaged in the music business, died in Indiana in August, 1906, at the age of fifty-six, and is survived by his widow. Of their three children the eldest, A. M., received a fair education, begun in public schools and completed in Fairmount college. From boyhood he was familiar with musical instruments and assisted his father in the store. On selecting an occup_ation it was natural he should choose the one with which he was most familiar, and he has made the selling of musical instruments his occupation. During 1899, he came to Minnesota and settled in Lanesboro, but in 1902 came to Mankato as offering a more favorable opening for the music business, and his decision in this respect he has had no reason to regret. A fe^v months before coming to Mankato he was united in marriage in September, 1901, with Miss Vina Ploff, of Wykoff, Minnesota, who shares with him the esteem of their acquaintances.

Side by side with the State Normal School, with exceptional advantages for the training of teacliers, stands the Toland Business Siliool, offering exceptional opportunities to young men and women of limited means to secure a business education. Four years ago tliis institution formed one of a series of several similar colleges organized Ijy Jlr. F. J. Toland and conducted along the lines of modern business methods for the purpose of preparing young people for business activities. The supervision of the Shorthand and Typewriting departments rests with Charles Clifford Owen, who has the distinction of being one of the organizers of the school, and who for the past ten years has been connected with the Toland chain of schools located in Wisconsin, Iowa and Minnesota. In June lOOT, Mr. Owen purchased the Mankato school, thereby 1)ecoraiug sole owner, and while it is not the lai'gcst in the state, it is one of the most modern liusiness training schools in southern ^linnesota. In the modern office of today will be found Neostyles, Tabulators, ^Mimeograph, ifultigraph, Commercial graphophone and Burroughs adding machine. These will be found in the Toland School, and it is to this thorough and modern preparation that had made the graduates of this school more than ordinarily successful. 'Sh. Owen's "ten years at it" has qualified him to wisely advise and counsel young men and women and plan and direct their commercial education with a degri.'e of assurance for their success that will be unequalled.

Jlr. Owen was born at Black Eiver Falls, Wis., Feb. ir, 1ST4, and is the son of Smith and Carrie (Peck) Owen, natives of Elmira, N. Y., and Springfield, 111. Among five children he was the eldest and he and his brother Lloyd are the only survivors.

Mr. Owen received his eaidy education in the public schools at ^luscatine and Lansing. Iowa. After leaving high school with the class of 1889, Mr. Owen took up newspaper work and, as he is an accomplished pen artist, he entered the cartoon department of the La Crosse Daily Press, La Crosse, Wis. A few years later he took his commercial course in the Toland Business University of the same city, from which lie graduated in 1899. This supplemented with an academic course, fitted him for teaching and he was engaged by Mr. Toland as an instructor until 1903. During the year of 1903-'04 he was principal of the Commercial department of the LaSalle-Peru Township High School, La Halle, 111., but at the close of the year resigned at the solicitation of Jlr. Toland to come to Mankato for the purpose of establishing the Toland college. For three years Jlr. Owen was its manager and executive head and its gratifying progress is due to his unceasing efforts and skilled leadership to make the school the representative of Its kind. He has been an active member of the Mankato Commercial Club since its organization and is Scci'etarv of the ilankato Boosters' Club. However, while championing every movement and organization for the benefit of the city, he concentrates his attention almost wholly upon his especial work. He was married September 1, 1806 to Miss Etta, daughter of J. J. ^fyrick, ilenomonie, "Wis., and their pleasant home in Mankato is brightened by the presence of their two children, Lelia Bernice and Donald Alvin.

OWEJTS. 0^\'EX E. - For more than forty years Mr. Owens made liis home upon the same farm, and during that long period he witnessed many changes in Blue Eartli county, endured many vicissitudes, overcame many oljstacles and surmounted many difficulties. It was during the spring of 18(53 that he arrived in Minnesota and shortly afterward he took up a claim frnm the government comprising one hundred and sixty acres. From that time until he retired to the A'illage of Lake Ci'ystal, in 1904, he gave liis attention to the clearing of the land and the improvement of a valuable farm. The early years were times of siifl^ering and selfsacrifice, ^lisfortune often befell the hardy pioneers. Perhaps the greatest of their troubles occurred at the time of the grasshopper plague, when fields of waving grain were left as bare as a table and the settlers were left in desperate straits. Many sutfered for needed food and c.'othing, and more than one caljin home bore the mark of destitution before another crop could be raised. Frequently ^fr. Owens walked to the i\rankato mill with a team of oxen and the trip of twelve miles was rendered unusually wearisome by reason of worn-out shoes. Sometimes, too, he went twenty-four miles for a load of lumber. After his crops were ruined by the grasshoppers he was compelled to go elsewhere in order to secure a start for another year. In spite of such the pioneers never abandoned hope, but continued to be patient, cheerful and optimistic, always believing that prosperity in due time would reward their exertions.

Owen E. Owens was born in Oneida county, Xew York, January .5, 1833, being a son of Eichard and Ellen Owens, the latter of whom died at the old homestead when her son was a boy of ten years. The former attained old age and passed away in 187 9, in Oneida county. The common schools of that county afforded l\lr. Owens fair advantages considering the time, and he always has been a reader and close so that now he ranks among the wellinformed men of his town. Agriculture has been his life occupation and he is familiar with all of its details. The character of the soil of Blue Earth county, the adaptability of the land to certain crops, the possibility of success along certain lines of diversified farming, and the intricacies of the stock industry, all these problems have become familiar to him through long and varied experience. While laboring to develop his farm, he neglected no duty falling upon public-spirited citizens. In politics he always has voted with the EepulDlican party and advocated its principles, and npon this ticket he was elected to the office of county supervisor, which he filled with recogTiized efficiency and faithfulness. In religion he is of tlie Welsh Calvinisti'- faith.

Upon coming to the northwest Mr. Owens was married, he having been united, December 9, 1856, with Miss ^fargaret Meridh a native of Oneida county, Xew York, and like himself a descendant of Welsh ancestry. Three sons and five daughters were born of their marriage, but they have suffered a heavy bereavement in the loss of six of the children by death. Only twi_' daughters are now living. ilargaret is the wife of Eichard Jones and Imogene married Eobert Hughes ; lioth dangliters reside npon farms in Blue Earth county and share with their parents the esteem of acquaintances and a standing in the best society.

PALMEE, GEOEGE M. - Inseparably associated with the city of Mankato is the name of George M. Palmer, who for many years has been connected with the manufacture of flour is widely known through his association with the agricultural and commercial interests of the northwest. Though at no time an agriculturist, few men are better informed than he concerning condition of the soil, suitability of certain crops to the character of the soil, and the possibilities of the season's grain output, and this knowledge has come to him largely in his connection with the elevator business. For years he has made a specialty of the buying and selling of wheat. Along the line of the adjacent railway's the elevators of his company may be seen. These are stored with the products bought from the farmers after harvest and are held until sales can be made to an advantage. It has been his task to superintend the buying, storing and selling, and when it is considered that in addition to such important and large enterprises, he has also been active in financial matters, has aided in the development of the board of trade, and for many years has labored hard for the good road cause, has labored for the higher usefulness of the local schools, has been a worker in reform movements and in religious affairs, and has ably filled the office of maj'or of ;\Iankatn, it may be seen that his is a busy and useful life.

Though born in the west, Mr. Palmer was reared principally in N"ew England. The Palmer family was established in 'New Hampshire from England at a very early period of our colonial history and in 1809, removed to Maine. John Palmer, a native of ^a^etto, Maine, removed to Wisconsin in 1848, and settled on a tract of raw land. His wife bore the maiden name of Cordelia Morrison and likewise was born in Payette of colonial ancestry. The Morrison family came originally from Scotland. In Winnebago county, Wisconsin, George M. Palmer was born Xovember 17, 1853. At the age of eight years he went to make his home with an uncle, who settled in Monmouth, Maine, and there the youth attended the common schools and academy. In 1SG8, he returned to the west, this time establishing himself at Garden City, Minnesota, where he attended school and later clerked in a store. In

1872 he took a course in a business college at 8t. Paul. After leaving the college he became bookkeeper for the Mankato Linseed Oil company, of wliieh B. D. Hubbard fl-as the manager, and this position he filled from 18?3 until the autumn of 1879. Upon resigning as bookkeeper he joined Mr. Hubbard in the building and management of the ]\Iankato flouring mill, with which he since has been identified.

In partnership with S. H. Grannis in 1888, Mr. Palmer embarked in the business of buying and storing wheat and erected elevators along the line of the railroad. After four years Mr. Grannis retired and the firm became Hubbard & Palmer, in 1897, being changed to the Hubbard-Palmer Company of which Mr. Palmer has acted as president from the first. In addition, he is president of the First jSTational Bank of Mankato, in which he has been for years a director and large stockholder. With a firm belief in the prosperity of this region he has investec! extensively in real estate and has bought and sold many properties. As a judge of real estate values he is regarded as an expert. His faith in the commercial and agricultural development of his state gives him an optimistic temperament, which temporary discouragements do not daunt nor depressions lessen. Wiile acting as mayor in 188-5, he was able to promote many movements for the general welfare and accomplished much' for the development of the city; nor did his interest decrease with his retirement from office, Init he furnishes an example of the type of citizen (seen none too often) whose contributions to the civic progress are as important coming from a private citizen as from an office holder. His marriage occurred in 1888 to Miss Olivia M. Eoberts, whose parents were William E. and Mary E. (Fowler) Eoberts, being then residents of Mankato. Two children bless their union. Earl M., and Euth. The family belong to the Baptist church, in which Mr. Palmer has been a leader in Sunday school work, and he also has been associated with the Young Men's Christian AsiSociation.

cf^tablished the famil)' in the new -world. One blanch Ijecame identified with the history of the south, while the other became transplanted in the west. From the latter branch descended William H. Palmer, an honored pioneer of Minnesota and for years identified witli tlie growth of his locality. During the pioneer era he settled in Money creek Talley, Nicollet county, and for some 'time acted as engineer of the Eagle ilills. Eeraoving to ^Mankato in 1880, he held a position as engineer in the oil mill for several years. In this city his death occurred in September, 1905, at the age of sixty-two years. By his marriage to x\lvikla Ballinger, who survives him, he had a family of four sons, namely : John, deceased ; Alfred E., a resident of Grand Forks, North Dakota; William E., whose name introduces this article, and who was born in Nicollet county Minnesota, December 3, 1871; and George who makes his home in Bemidji, this state.

Upon the completion of his education in the Franklin and Mankato scliools, William E. Palmer began to learn the trade of a jeweler with C. D. Taylor, of j\Iankato, and remained in the same capacity until he had perfected his trade in 1893. Going to the west, he pursued his chosen occupation at Helena and Missoula, Montana, and at Wallace, Idaho, but the failure of his death obliged him for a time to relinquish his employment. As soon as he was able to resume work he secured a position as foreman with C. D. Taylor of Mankato. Here he continued as an employe until the death of Mr. Taylor, after which he purchased the entire stock and has since remodeled and enlarged the store at No. 311 South Front street. Showcases of the finest glass have been purchased for the display of the stock and the interior fittings of the store are rctfined and elegant, while the stock comprises the largest line of exclusive jewelry in the city.

The marriage of William E. Palmer and Emma, daughter of Albert Krieg, took place April 10, 1902, and united two of the pioneer families of the state. Two children bless their union, E. H., and Lucile E. Fraternally l\Ir. Palmer holds membership with the Ancient Order of United Workmen. Personally he possesses the energy and ability requisite to success in the field of commerce, and at the same time has the