Blue Earth County, Minnesota - Biographical sketches, 1901 (part 6 of 15)

New York. September 13, 1861, he married Miss Helen, daughter of David Wylie, of Bemis Heights, New York. Born of their union were the following named children: David, deceased ; Frank, who married Miss Elizabeth Fox of Blue Earth county and is now living on a farm near the old homestead; Libbie, wife of George L. Steven?, of Shelby township, Blue Earth county; Grace, wife of Bay Salisbury of Shelby township; and Willard, who has charge of the home farm.

The second enlistment of Mr. Hannay in the Union army took place August 38, 1864, and made him a member of Company L, Fifteenth New York Engineering Corps, under Captain I'ond, Colonel Brainard and General Benham, assigned to the army of the Potomac, and stationed at City Point near Petersburg. Meantime Mr. Hannay was detailed as chief clerk under Colonel Chester, who was brigade inspector and assistant chief in the mustering office 'of the Army of the IPotomac. By special order of the war department Mr. Hannay was continued in the service after his company was detailed home, and he was honorably discharged July 5, 1865, in New York City. Soon afterward he came to Minnesota and purchased a tract in Vernon Cen^ ter township. Blue Earth county, where he brought the land under cultivation, built substantial fences and erected needed buildings. Since tlie death of his wife in 1903 he has been practically retired from active cares, giving into the hands of his sons the management of the estate of one hundred and seventy-five acres. Among the offices which he has filled may be mentioned those of school director, chairman of the board of town trustees and member of the board of county commissioners which last-named position he held from 1887 until 1899, a period of twelve ;\ears. With his comrades in the Grand Army of the Eepublic he enjoys recounting the days of the Civil war and the dangers of that national crisis. In fraternal relations he is identified with the Knights of Pythias. For a number of years he officiated as an elder of the Presbyterian church at Amboy and always has been generous in his contributions to movements for the uplifting of humanity and the promotion of the cause of Christianity,

HAEEINGTON, M. D., ZINA GOODBLL. - The life of Dr. Zina Goodell Harrington has been raised to observance upon the utilized opportunities of a gi-eat profession, and the benignity conferred by a harmonious, gentle and generous nature. He has been a familiar figure upon the streets and in the homes of Mankato since the spring of 1870, and the amount of good made possible by his skill and thorough mastery of medical science is practically inestimable.

Dr. Harrington comes of old iS'ew England ancestry, and he was born in Londonderry, Vermont, August 20, 1830, his parents, Emery and Calysta (Goodell) Harrington, being "natives of Orange, Massachusetts. About thirteen years old when the family moved to Bennington, Vermont, the doctor was educated in the public schools, at Westriver Academy and Bennington Seminary, thereafter spending three years in educational work in the state of Delaware. For three -years he read medicine with Dr. L. G. Whiting, of Chester, Vermont, and soon after entered the Albany Medical School, from which he was duly graduated in 1857. Eeturning to Chester, he was associated in practice with his former preceptor, Dr. Whiting, for fifteen years, and during that time increased his opportunities for usefulness as superintendent of. the Chester public schools for several years.

Since coming to Mankato Dr. Harrington has been actively engaged in the general practice of medicine, and evidenced his characteristic progressiveness during 1900 and 1901 by studying in the great hospitals and medical schools of England and the continent, thereafter traveling extensively with his wife in Greece, Egypt and the Holy Land. He is a Eepublican in politics, and while never drawn to the feverish arena of political preferment, has served on the board of aldermen of Manlcato. He is a member of the Minnesota A'alley Medical Association, of which he has been president, and of the State Medical Association and American Medical Society. His marriage to Julia B. Bobbins occurred October 20, 1874, Mrs. Harrington being a native of Chester, Vermont. The crowning honor conferred upon this noble and high minded citizen was his election to the presidency of the Mankato State Bank in January, 1903. Thus has he gained professional, social and financial distinction, compensations which have come without solicitation, and with biit a sunple ]-egard for the fine and worth while aiid splendidly useful opportiTnities of existence.

HAEEIS, EVAN L. - No class of people have contributed to the development of Blue Earth county in a higher degree than have the farmers, the men of skill in the direction of agricultural afi'airs, energy in action and wise Judgment in rotation of crops and raising of stock. A goodly proportion of the agriculturists of the county possess these attributes, which have enabled them to surmount diffieul'ties in the clearing and impro^ang of their land and to overcome obstacles in the path to financial independence. To their eiTorts may be attributed the present high standing of the county as an agricultural community, and as one of their number Evan L. Harris is entitled to his share of credit for the gratifying condition of this part of the state from an agricultural standpoint. Much of his life has been passed within the limits of this county. When he came here he was a mere lad, and ever since then he has made his home on a farm, where at an eerh- age he gained a thorough knowledge ot every department of ani-i cultural work. For years he has resided on section twenty-eight, Ciimbria township, where lie has a farm bearing a neat set of buildiiii^'s, improved with, substantial fences, and l)y its air of thrift attesting the proprietor's industry and ability.

Born April 20, 1853, Evan L. Harris is a son of William and Sarah (Lewis) Harris, who came to. this country in 1858 and settled at La Crescent, Houston county, Minnesota. Eight years were spent in that part of the state, after which they came to Blue Earth county in 1866 and purchased a tract of one hundred and sixty acres. In due time the land was transformed from a barren tract into a fertile estate, and it still remains the family homestead, although the parents have been taken from the familiar surroundings by the hand of death. The father died January 24, 1892, and the mother passed away March 28, 1898, both spending their last days on the old farm. In their family were six sons and one daughter, whose wise training in the home fitted them for honorable standing in their community as well as success in agricultural pursuits.

When Mr. Harris was a mere lad he was led to consider national problems by reason of the C'ivil war that cast its dark shadow over our national prosperity. As soon as he attained his majority he began to vote the Eepublican ticket and from that time to the present he has never swerved from his allegiance to the party, casting his ballot for its candidates at all elections. In religious views he is of the Congregational faith and belongs to the church of that denomination, whose missionary enterprises he supports as his means permit. In all of his efforts he has had the constant co-operation of his wife, whom he married December 27, 1883, and who was Amelia Hughes, a native of Wisconsin and a sister of Judge Hughes of Mankato. They are the parents of six sons and three daughters, who in order of birth are named as follows: William C, Hannah L., Everett T., Sarah N., Ruth, Robert, Wallace, Bruce and Lewis E. The home farm lies along the line of rural route No. 5, from New Ulm, Brown county, and the family have many warm friends across the line in Brown county, but their chief interests center in Blue Earth county, where they have a large circle of acquaintances among the people in whose midst they have lived and labored for years.

HA WES, BENJAMIN P. - The property long known as the Henry Dyer mill estate was acquired by Mr. Hawes through purchase in 1888 and since then he has lived on the land, devoting his attention to its management. A part of the present buildings stood here at the time of the purchase of the tract and the balance he has erected from time to time as his means permitted or as occasion demanded. The farm consists of one hundred and ten acres, of which forty acres are under the plow, and the balance is in timber or utilized for the pasturage of the shorthorn cattle, the Poland-China hogs and the fine horses to be seen on the place. The building up of the homestead represents years of

Near the shores of the Atlantic ocean, in the state of Maine,. Benjamin P. Hawes was born December 15, 1844, being a son of Benjamin and Rachel (Storah) Hawes, also natives of Maine. Led by the spirit of emigration that was impelling the easterners to seek homes on the frontier, this family bade farewell to old friends in Maine and crossed the country to Wisconsin where they settled in Dodge county. From there in 1868 they came to Minnesota and settled in Rapidan township. Blue Earth county. The parents passed away while making their home in the village of Good Thunder. In 1869 Benjamin P. Hawes was united in marriage with Lydia King, daughter of Sherman and Ruth King, descendants of colonial families. The father was born in New York and became a pioneer of Columbia county, Wisconsin. At the time of the removal of the I-Iawes family to Minnesota Mr. King accompanied them to Blue Earth county and took up land here. Eventually he removed to Nebraska, entered a claim from the government, developed a farm, and remained there until his death.

There are six children in the family of Mr. Hawes, namely: May, Eflie, Myrtle, Grace, Clarence M. and Stanley. The last-named married Gertrude Jewell and is now in charge of the old homestead. The family has a high standing among the people of Rapidan township and are welcomed -guests into the best homes of their community. Politically Mr. Hawes votes with the Republican party both in local and general elections, and is in thorough sympathy with the principles of that political organization. Whilt never a seeker for office, he consented to act as justice of the peace upon the solicitation of 'the people of the township and for six years he filled the office, proving himself to be impartial, just and judicious.

HAWKINS, HON. JAMES D. - The life history of Hon. James D. Hawkins is a record of obstacles overcome, discouragements ignored and opportunities turned to good account. A well balanced and well trained mind, a capacity for painstaking effort, and faith in the saving grace of labor led him into worth while and invariably useful fields of activity, and his name is engraved upon the annals of this northern country as farmer, legislator, soldier and man of genera! affairs. Mr. Hawkins inherited the strong and fundamental qualities of his Green Mountain ancestors, qualities which guided his ambition and directed his life, notwithstanding the fact that he was only eight years old when his family removed to Wisconsin from Vermont, where he was born December 9, 1836.

Mr. Hawkins was educated in the great field of human equality, the public schools, and the duties of the home farm engrossed his formative or earlier years. In 1863 his family moved to Dodge county, remaining one and a half years, then located in McPherson towTiship, where he engaged in farming for the balance of his active life, or until his death, July 3, 1894. This farm, now owned and operated by the sons of the earlier owner, is one hundred and sixty acres in extent, and was sold by the government to Mr. Hawkins, having been Winnebago Indian land. He was a conscientious and painstaking farmer, exact as to details, and in all ways neat about hi? work. He invested heavily in high grade machinery, and was quick to adopt such labor saving devices and methods as appealed to his practical judgment. As a farmer of this well favored section of the country he was thoroughly representative, and abreast of the best known in agricultural science in his time.

Early in his active career Mr. Hawkins evidenced a capacity for political service, and such capacity was recognized by his fellow townsmen to the extent that he held practically all offices of any importance, culminating in his election to the legislature of the state in 1880, his term expiring the following year. During the Civil war he enlisted in Company D, Eleventh Minnesota Infantry, and served until mustered out of the service at Fort Snelling, at the expiration of hostilities. One of his best remembered and most interesting experiences was his participation in the Spirit Lake Indian outbreak. Mr. Hawkins was survived by his wiie, formerly Pauline Hill, and iiis two sons, James and Dudley. Mrs. Hawkins was born in New York

Of the sons of Mr. Ha^^-kins who live on the old farm, James married. May 1, 190(i, Estella Milnor, a native of Minnesota, and Dudley married, June 7, 190G, Bessie Matteson. Both young men inherit their father's thrift and enterprise, and are highly esteemed in the community in which they live.

HAZEL, C. H. G. - The stranger driving through Sterling invariably notes with pleasure the well-kept homestead of Mr. Hazel, which \.'ith its modern residence, substantial barns and general air of thrift convinces the passer-by that its 0T\ner is a man of energy and progressive spirit. A'ot the least pleasing feature of the farm is the grove of poplar, evergreen and other trees, which not only forms a windbreak during the storms of winter, but also adds to the appearance of the farm. The residence, erected iii 1898, contains modern improvements, while all the farm buildings have been arranged to promote ease of work and convenience of arlangement. The land has been drained by a thorough and effective system of tiling and thus brings excellent returns even in seasons of exceptional rainfall. The acquisition of an adjoining farm in 1887 gave the place its present urea of two Imndred and forty acres, all of which the owner keeps in first-class condition either for cultivation or for pasture land.

The Hazel family became established in Virginia during the colonial period of our country's history. Hugh Hazel, who was a Virginian by birth, removed from that commonwealth to Ohio and spent the balajice of his long life in the Buckeye state, dying in 1896 at the age of one hundred and one years and ten months. Through all his active life he worked as a mechanic. His son, Hugh C, was born in Lorain county, Ohio, and moved from there to Wisconsin, but two years later, in 1861, he proceeded still further toward the west, and settled on section twentyone. Sterling tovraship. Blue Earth county. Afterward he engaged in improving a farm and also followed the carpenter's trade, building many of the first frame houses erected in the township. Though he never gained wealth he acquired a competency and now, at the age of seventy-five, in the enjoyment of fair health and ample means, he is living at Garden City. In early manhood he married Emma Parrell, who was born in New York state and died in Minnesota in 1881. Two sons and two daughters blessed their union, of whom the sons are now living.

The eldest of the family, C. H. G. Hazel, was born in Sterling township. Blue. Earth county. May 20, 1864, and received such advantages as country schook then afforded. Through all of his life he has remained at the homestead. The scenes familiar to his childhood are those which surround his maturer years. Reared to a knowledge of farm work, he selected agriculture as his occupation and has continued in the same with gratifying success. In addition to the raising of general crops, he devotes considerable attention to thoroughbred stock and each year raises about one hundred hogs of the Poland- China breed. In horses his preference is for the Xorman, of which he has some fine specimens. A goodly number of fine shorthorn cattle may be seen on his farm. At the head of the herd i'; Royal Ensign No. 204877, weight more than one ton, sired by Baptin Ensign, which received the prize at the St. Louis Exposition. Erom this animal he has fine registered stock, that is admired by expert judges of stock and regarded as exceptional even for a county with as many fine cattle as Blue Earth may boast.

The marriage of Mr. Hazel, October 17, 1890, united him with Ida May Lamp, daughter of I. Lamp, a respected pioneer of Sterling township. A daughter, Hope B., blesses their union. Ever since boyhood Mr. Hazel has been interested in educational work and has worked for the progress of local schools. For years he served as a member of the school board and for fifteen years he officiated as clerk of the board. The Eraternal Union has his name enrolled as a member, and in addition he holds membership with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. In the township where all of his life has been passed he occupies a prominent position as a public-spirited citizen, substantial farmer and genial neighbor, and the prosperous appearance

HEALY, OSCAR WARREN. - The colonial era of American history witnessed the emigration of the Healy family from the old world to the new, where they settled along the north Atlantic coast. William Healy, Sr., and his son and namesake were natives of Connecticut, and the latter established stores at Pleasant Valley and Pine Meadow, that state, also for some time traveled as a salesman for an eastern firm. His death occurred at the age of sixty-five years. In young manhood he married Clara Higby, a native of Middletown, Connecticut, and a daughter of a gunsmith, who made guns and swords for the American army during the Revolutionary war. Among the five children of William ITealy, Jr., the eldest was 0. C, born at Midd'eton, Connecticut, July 9, 1835. During boyhood he learned the blacksmith's trade at Pleasant Valley and followed the trade in a machine shop, where also he learned the machinist's trade. Later he was employed at Bristol and New Haven, also for a time in the Boston locomotive works at New Britain. Owing to ill health which necessitated a change of climate and occupation, he joined the Taylor colony in 1856 and came to Minnesota, taking up a government claim in Faribault county. The original tract of one hundred and seventy-three acres still remains in the family. For some years it v/as his custom to work the farm in the summer, then return to the east for the winter and follow his trade. After the death of his wife he removed to Mapleton, where since he has made his home.

During the year 1850 0. C. Healy married L^abel Shaw, who was of English parentage, born in Ireland, and brought to America in infancy. After over forty years of happy wedded life Mrs. Healy died in 1892. They were the parents of the following-named children: Hattie, the widow of George Wilde; Ada Belle, Mrs. Joseph Latourell; Oscar Warren, president of the Lincoln State Bank at Glenburn, North Dakota, and a farmer of Blue Earth county; Emery D., who is engaged in this county; Ralph H., a farmer of Beauford township, this county; Edward Shaw, cashier of the Lincoln State Bank at Glenburn, North Dakota; Elbridge B., who for Iwo terms has been county attorney of Clay county, South Dakota, and resides at A'ermilion ; and William Higby, who is engaged in the banking business in North Dakota. After the death of his first wife the father again married, being united November 2, 1894, with Jennie Brown, of Albany, Green county, Wisconsin.

The postoSice at Grapeland, Faribault county, was named by 0. C. Healy and for twenty years h(, served as its postmaster. For several terms he also filled the office of assessor and was justice of the peace. His love for the machinist's trade has continued throughout life and he still has on his place a small machine shop, where as a diversion he does much ingenious work. Fond of music, he led a choir in Connecticut and played in the Mapleton Methodist Episcopal church during late years where he found much gratification in playing a 'cello. Though now more than four score years of age he is hale and hearty and enjoys the full possession of his mental and physical faculties, which enables him to pass pleasantly the declining days of his long and active life.

The gentleman whose name introduces this article was born at Grapeland, Faribault county, this state. May 12, 1859, and always has made his home in the immediate vicinity of his birthplace. In 1883 he settled on a farm just across the line in Blue Earth county and from there seven years later he moved to his present place in Mapleton township, where he has six hundred and eighty acres largely under cultivation. Bosides the raising of such products as suit the soil, he engages in raising stock, his specialty being full-blooded Herefords. As previously mentioned he acts as president of the Dakota bank in which his brother, Edward, is cashier. The bank has been successful from the start and has met with constantly increasing patronage from the people. Mr. Healy is also a director and stockholder in the Mapleton State Bank and lias served as township treasurer since 1899. February 19, 1883, he was united in marriage with Minnetta A. Whitney, daughter of C. H. Whitney, an early settler of Mapleton township.

this county. The home of Mr. and Mrs. Healy is brightened by the presence of their thrcb children, Harold Whitney, Edward Oscar and Elizabeth Isabel, who share with their parents in the esteem and good-will of the community.

HELLER, WILLIAM. - The opportunities afforded by the northwest to men of energy and perseverance have made possible to Mr. Heller the accumulation of valuable property during the period intervening since his service in the Civil war. The farm which he has owned and occupied since the fall of 1866 lies in the southeastern corner of Blue Earth county and embraces two hundred acres of section thirty-five, Danville township. Adjoining the homestead he ov.ns one hundred and sixty-seven acres in the township of Minnesota Lake, Faribault county, and one hundred and sixty acres in the township nf Vivian, Waseca county, so that he is a taxpayer in three counties, although the land lies in one body suitable for direct personal supervision.

On the farm are to be seen good grades of cattle, horses and hogs, and a profitable adjunct of general farming has been found to be the raising and sale of stock. Indeed the stock industry has always been a favorite occupation with Mr. Heller, who for some years engaged in buying and shipping stock and meanwhile made his headquarters at Minnesota Lake. The family residence is a brick structure, built in the substantial manner necessary to withstand the rigors of winter and furnished in a cheerful, cozy style indicative of the refinement of its inmates. On the land there is considerable timber, which furnishes fence-posts, fuel, etc., as may be needed on a large and well-kept place. The Big Cobb river flows through the estate and furnishes a never-failing stream of water for the use of the stock. All in all, the homestead contains many valuable features and justly ranks among the best in the region.

The history of the family shows that in 1856 William and Wilhelmina (Tuckow) Heller, natives of Pommern, Germany, left their native land and immigrated to America. Proceeding direct to Wisconsin, they became pioneers in

Dodge county, Wisconsin, where he improved a farm. There he is still living, in the enjoyment of fair health, notwithstanding his eighty strennoiis years. Of his family of five children the eldest, to whom was given his own name, wab born in Pommern, Germany, August 31, 1843, and was a youth of about thirteen years at the time of coming to America. Primarily educated in his native land, he had the further advantage of receiving an English education after settling in Wisconsin. His devotion to the country of his adoption was proved by the offer of his services at the opening of the Civil war. May 20, 1861, he enlisted as a member of Company E, Third Wisconsin Infantry, under Colonel Hamilton, of Pond du Lac, where the regiment was mustered into service. Ordered without delay to the front, the youthful soldier took part in various skirmishes on the Potomac and served as provost guard at Frederick City, Maryland. In the spring of the following year he took part in the battle of Winchester, where he was taken a prisoner by Confederate troops, and afterward for one hundred days remained in a southern prison. On being exchanged he was sent to Washington, and there received an honorable discharge. Eeturning to Wisconsin he remained on the home farm until his second enlistment, which took place January 4, 1864, and made him a soldier in Company E, Thirty-fifth Wisconsin Infantry, under Colonel Henry Orff of Milwaukee. With his regiment he was sent to various points along the Mississippi and participated in numerous engagements near New Orleans, including a battle at St. Charles in 1864, and battles at Forts Spanish and Blakely in 1865, after which he engaged in the battle of Mobile Bay. From Mobile he was sent with his company on a. transport to Santiago and thence to Brownsville, Texas, and assisted in driving the ill-fated Emperor Maximilian out of Mexico, after which he received an honorable discharge from the army April 15, 1866, at Brownsville.

Eeturning to Wisconsin Mr. Heller spent the summer of 1866 in recruiting his strength after his army service and in the fall of the same year he came to Minnesota, where since he has resided on a farm in Blue Earth county. Shortly after coming here he established domestic ties and brought a bride to his farm-house, his mar riage March 28, 1867, uniting him with August; Eeese, a native of Ponmiern, Germany, and i daughter of Peter Eeese, who settled in Wiscon sin in 1856. The family of Mr. and Mrs. Hellei consists of the following-named sons and daugh tors: Frank, who is engaged in farming oi section twenty-six, Danville township; Lena, de ceased; Henry, who assists his father in th< cultivation of the old homestead; Mary, whc married William Schultch and lives at Blue Earth City, this state; Tillie, wife of Ottc Brant, of Minnesota Lake; Martha, who married August Schraeder and resides in Wasecs county; and Hulda, who remains with her parents and is her mother's capable assistant in the care of the home. Eemembering the years of his army service with a kindly feeling toward all who gave their country a similar service, Mr, Heller has found pleasure in his association with the Grand Army of the Eepublic. In addition he has been active in the local work of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. His high standing among his fellow-citizens is indicated by the fact that he has frequently been solicited to fill positions of trust and responsibihty, Among such offices which he has filled with fidelity and intelligence may be mentioned those of township assessor, member of the county board of supervisors, members of the school board and treasurer of the township for a period of thirtyfive years.

HEMINGWAY, P. S. - Shortly after the conclusion of the Civil war, in which he had borm an honorable part as a Union soldier, Mr. Hemingway came to Minnesota and settled in Blue Earth county, taking up a tract of raw land anc beginning the difficult task of transforming i1 into a productive estate. Ever since his arriva' in the county he has lived upon the same home stead, this being located about one mile north o: Vernon Center in the township of the sam( name. At this writing he owns five hundred anc forty acres of valuable land devoted to the rais ing of crops suited to the soil and climate, anc containing ample pasturage for his herd of fim shorthorn cattle. In addition to raising cattle h

Biogeaphical Histoky

New Hampshire is the native home of F. S. Hemingway and December 21, 1839, the date of his birth, his parents being Jesse and Lois (Richardson) Hemingway, natives of the same locality as himself and farmers by occupation. For a time the family lived in New York and thence removed to Berrien county, Michigan, taking up land near Benton Harbor and remaining there for a long period. The parents died on that homestead. Primarily educated in the common schools of New York, Mr. Hemingway later attended Fox Lake college for one term, he having removed to Fox Lake, Dodge county, Wisconsin, during his youth. At the outbreak of the war he at once gave sympathy and influence to the Union cause and in 1862 was accepted as a member of Company H, Twenty-ninth Wisconsin Infantry, with which he went to the front. During the course of the war he traveled by land and water over fourteen thousand miles and took part in seven battles and forty-seven skirmishes. Among his principal engagements were those at Fort Gibson, Champion Hill, Jackson, (Mississippi), Eed Eiver, and Mobile (Alabama). For forty-seven days he was stationed with the army iu front of Vicksburg and meanwhile took part in many encounters with Confederate troops. His regiment did not remain in winter quarters for more than a week at one time, but traveled through the Gulf states and saw almost constant active service.

Upon receiving an honorable discharge from tlie army, July 2, 1865, Mr. Hemingway returned to Dodge county, Wisconsin, and during the same year took up land in Blue Earth county, where he has since risen to a position of influence among the farmers of his township. September 11, 1862, he married Miss Delia Randall, daughter of David and Candace Randall, natives of New York state, and pioneers of Dodge county, Wisconsin, where they took up farm land and remained until death. The family of Mr. and Mrs. Hemingway comprises four children. Louis E. is engaged in farming at Amboy, this connty. Mabel married George Gray, a farmer of Vernon Center township. Fred L. has charge of land owned by his father. Clara, the youngest of the children, resides with her parents. Ever since attaining his majority Mr. Hemingway has been stanch in his allegiance to the Republican party. While not active in politics, he has consented to fill various oSices, including that of assessor, which he held for sixteen years and the duties of whieli he discharged without resorting to the usual method of driving over the township. In addition, he served as town clerk for seven years. Both of his grandfathers were revolutionary soldiers.

HERITAGE, JOSEPH W. - Very early in the colonization of America the Heritage family became identified with the history of New Jersey, where subsequent generations lived, labored and died. In that state an ancestor for years preached the Gospel as a minister of the Methodist Episcopal denomination. In addition to ability as a thinlier and speaker, he possessed inventive ability and a bent of mind toward mechanics. One of his inventions was a machine for weaving silk, on which he was granted a patent and which was recognized as eminently practical. However, the expense of building the machine was great and was not justified by the very limited amount of siUv weaving done in the United States.

The first of the family to seek a home in the northwest was Joseph B., a son of the inventor and preacher, and a native of Seaford, Delaware. As early as 1861 he resigned an excellent situation in the east and sought a home on the frontier. For a short time he sojourned in St. Paul. From there he went to Nicollet county and in 1862 took up a tract of raw land near St. Peter. The uprising of the Indians caused General Sibley to take all of the horses and the settlers for use in the service, and the farmers were thus forced to do their work with oxen. To add to his troubles, Mr. Heritage lost his bam by fire which took his stock, harness and grain, and made the future look anything but encouraging to a man who had left a good position in the east. His next venture took him to St. Peter, where he and James Nutter carried on a hardware store. Afterward he engaged in the lumber business for some years, but eventually re- turned to the hardware trade, continuing until 1882, when he entered the employ of a large lumber company. Although he is now seventysix years of age, he is active and enjoys excellent health, and at present is connected with the Rea Lake Lumber Company of Minnesota. His wife, who bore the maiden name of Jane Bacon, was born in Smyrna, Delaware and died in Minnesota in 1869. Of their eight children all are still living with the exception of three.

The third among the children in order of birth was Joseph W. Heritage, whose name introduces this article, and whose birth occurred in Denton, Maryland, during January of 1860. His earliest recollections cluster around St. Peter and Nicollet county, where he received a fair education, graduating from the high school, and was a schoolmate, chum and close, intimate friend of Governor John A. Johnson. Later he took a course of study in the Globe Business college at St. Paul, after which for one year he was employed by the Strong and Hackett Wholesale Hardware Company, next conducting a wood yard in the western part of the state for a few months. On coming to Blue Earth county he took up farm pursuits in the summer and engaged in teaching during the winter months, but after a time he gave his entire time to agricultural work. In 1887 he purchased the Pawson's old honrestead on section twenty-four, Pleasant Mound township, where he has improved a very valuable property, devoted to the raising of ordinary farm products, and to the breeding and raising of hogs, cattle and horses. The attractive residence stands on a slight elevation affording a view of the country for miles in every direction, and protected from the severe storms of winter by a fine grove planted by the owner.

The first marriage of Mr. Heritage took place August 15, 1881, and united him with Miss Sarah B. Hewson, of Wisconsin, daughter of Joseph Hewson, who was born in England, immigrated to the United States, settled in Wisconsin, and eventually came to Minnesota. Mrs. Sarah Heritage died in 1893, leaving a son, Walter, who is now in the employ of the St. Paul street railway company. June 17, 1896, Mr. Heritage was united in marriage with Miss lone Corbett, who was born in Shelby township.

Blue Earth county, being a daughter of A. Corbett, represented elsewhere in this volui The children of the second marriage W( Sfaurice, Bernice and Gordon, of whom i daughter is deceased. The family are identifi with the Christian church. The interest whi Mr. Heritage feels in school affairs has led h to serve as a member of the school board a ill addition for some years he held off: as justice of the peace. He was also a pror nent candidate for the legislature in the f of 1908.

H:ERIN'G, M. D., henry H. - An hon( able record as a soldier in the Union army a a subseqiTcnt gratifying success in the pract: of his chosen profession entitle Dr. Hering r;ink among the prominent physicians and si geons of Blue Earth county, where, since the a tumn of 1876, he has engaged in the practice medicine at Lake Crystal. Coming here a you: man without friends or infiuence, he gradua' became known as a promising physician, and t success of his efforts with' his first patients 1 to a steady increase of patronage. Eventua he acquired a valuable practice and an envial reputation for skill in the diagnosis of disc's and in the application of remedial agencies.

Born in Greene county, Ohio, in 1842, I Hering was a son of Jacob and Mary (Steel Hering, the former of Swiss descent and t latter of Scotch lineage. Both spent their \h in Ohio, where the mother died in 1868 and t father in 1886. During the years of his activi he had engaged in farming and for a time ma a specialty of raising grapes and manufacturi wine. As a boy Henry H. Hering attended i public schools near the family home, but he Vi not satisfied to remain content with such edu( tional advantages as they offered. Early in 1 he aspired to a thorough education and a knoi edge of the medical profession, and these aspi: lions found their culmination in the conferri upon him of the degree of A. B. by Miami U vevsity at Oxford in 1865 and the degree of D.J by one of the medical colleges of Ohio i uated at Cincinnati, Miami Medical college.

The outbreak of the Civil war found Dr. Heriug a stanch believer in the Union cause. As a private he enlisted October 8, 1861, in the seventy-fourth Ohio Infantry, and out of the ranks he rose to be adjutant of the regiment. Among the engagements in which he participated were those at Perryville, Stone river, Hoover's Gap, Chickamaugua and Chattanooga. After the lastriamed battle he re-enlisted for three years, and foon received a commission as captain of Company E. With his men he accompanied Sherman on the march through Georgia, but after the Atlanta campaign he resigned at Savannah, Georgia, on account of the malaria. Returning to the north he accepted a position as house physician of the Sailor's and Soldiers' Orphans home at Xenia, Ohio, where he remained for one year, and meanwhile also acted as county coroner and health officer of the city for three 3'ears. During the autumn of 1868 he came to Lake Crystal, Minnesota. Along the line of his profession he holds membership with the American, State, Minnesota Valley and Blue Earth County Medical Associations, in the work of all of which he maintains a warm interest. Fraternally he is associated with the Masons, the Knights of Pythias and the Modern Woodmen of America, while in religious views he is liberal, a friend of all movements for the uplifting of humanitj^, and especially interested in the work of the Protestant Episcopal church, which his wife attends. Mrs. Hering was formerly Miss Alice Murphy and was born in Ohio, where she received excellent advantages in girlhood, graduating at the Xenia Conservatory of Music, and in 1873 having conferred upon her the degree of Professor of Music. Afterward Mrs. Hering occupied the chair of chief instructor in a conservatory, of music at Madison, Indiana. Their niarriage was solemnized in Xenia in March of 1874, since which time they have made their home at Lake Crystal, and have won a high place in the best society of the county. In his profession Dr. Hering ever has been progressive, and it is his ambition to keep in touch with every advance made in the science of therapeutics. As a consequence of his constant thoughtful reading of current medical literature he keeps abreast with the profession and has the advantage of

HERZBERG, C. F. - Various interests have lent variety and brought a fair degree of success to the life of C. F. Herzberg, who ranks among the leading farmers of Lyra township and owns a valuable farm situated in the vicinity of Good Thunder. The property comprises two hundred twenty-one and one-half acres of land, one hundred and sixty-five acres of which are under the plow, the balance being land that is heavily timbered. Since the estate came into the possession of the present owner, it has been his aim .to maintain the soil in a high state of fertility, keep the fences and buildings in repair, and add such improvements as the growing needs suggest and circumstances justify. Besides managing the property he holds office as manager of the creamery of Lyra township, which he assisted in establishing and the success of which he has promoted by sagacious leadership.

As the name indicates, the Herzberg family is of German origin. Ferdinand and Fredericka (Heim) Herzberg wore born and reared in the Fatherland, whence they emigrated during early 3'ears to the new world, settling in Wisconsin, where after 1858 he engaged in agricultural pursuits. Prior to emigration he had served in the army of Germany, but after coming to the United States he devoted himself entirely to farming. For twenty-two busy years he carried on farming in Wisconsin, but in 1880 he came to Minnesota and settled in Blue Earth county, where at the age of eighty-three (1908) he now makes his home in Decoria township, honored by a large circle of acquaintances.

Primarily educated in country schools, Mr. Herzberg later attended the graded schools of Watertown, Wisconsin. His early memories cluster around Wisconsin, where he was born in Dodge county January 28, 1859, and where he remained until starting out for himself in 1877. For seven years he was employed in operating stationary engines and for seven years he was in the employ of the Mapleton Milling Company in Blue Earth, county. Since leaving the milling business lie has been interested in farming and in running the creamerj'. In politics he has allied himself with the Democratic party. For four years he held office as chairman of the board of township trustees of Decoria township and manager of the Beauford Creamery for nine years and in addition he has officiated as clerk of the school district. Last fall he was elected representative to the legislature from this county. During 1887 he was united in marriage with Mary Kowalk, a native of Germany. They have four children, Hugo, Walter, Bertha ( ?) and Freda, all at home. The family hold membership in the Lutheran church and the children have been reared in the faith of that denomination.

HILGEES, JACOB. - A recent recruit to the business contingent of Mankato is Jacob Hilgers who embarked in a general livery business at 115 East Main street, October 1, 1906. Mr. Ililgers gained both his love for horses and his knowledge of their proper care on the farm in Lime township. Blue Earth county, this state, where he was born May 13, 1878. He is of German ancestry, and his parents, Barkley and Mary (Eoemer) Hilgers, were born in Prussia, immigrating to this country in the early history of Wisconsin, and from that state coming to Lime township, where the father died when his son, Jacob, was but nine months old. The mother survives, as do also three of her four children: Albert, a farmer of Lime township; Gertrude, v/ife of Mathew Lensce, of the same township; and Jacob, Rose, the twin of Jacob, died in early childhood.

Educated in the district schools of Lime township, and the German parochial school of Mankato, Jacob Hilgers, pursued the quiet existence of the farmer until coming to Mankato in 1906. He has one of the best liveries in the town, and can furnish a variety of equipages and fine, well cared for horses. Many things sustain his expectation of large success, among them a kindly disposition, a desire to be of practical use in the world, and a keen appreciation of his duties and responsibilities as a citizen in an enterprising and progressive community. The marriage of Mr. Hilgers and Clara Albert, daughter of George Albert of Mankato, occurre November 25, 1902. There are two children c this union: Lauretta P., and Margaret 6. Mi Hilgers is a member of the Catholic Benevoleii Society, and is otherwise identified with the sc cial and general life of the community.

HILTOlsr, HENEY S. - The gifts of industrj perseverence, good judgment, integrity and pa triotism which found convincing expression in th life of Henry S. Hilton, inevitably won him per manent place among the upbuilders of Blu Earth county, who labored for its welfare fror before the Civil war until the dawn of a ne\ century. January 22, 1901, this able millei farmer, civil engineer and soldier passed beyoni the ken of those who had known and honorei him, and whose memories are fragrant with th sense of his upright and noble nature.

Born in far off Maine, January 7, 1842, Mi Hilton -svas a son of Joseph and Sarah (Smith' Hilton, the former of whom died in Maine an{ the latter in Boston, Massachusetts. He wa one in a family of seven children, and he wa reared in comparative poverty and obliged h assume early responsibility. He acquired thi rudiments of education in the country school of Maine, but by nature a student, he late availed himself of every possible opportunity o acquiring knowledge. Seeking a larger opportu nity for his powers than seemed to present itsel iji his native state, he mo^-ed from Maine in ver; early manhood, and after a short sojourn in Wis consin took up his residence in Mankato wher he became interested in saw-milling until th' outbreak of the Civil war. He later settled oj the farm in McPherson township now owned b; liis family and here he devoted his energies t^ general agriculture and stock-raising with excel lent financial results. He also practiced civi engineering to a considerable extent. His farm however, was his chief source of profit and de light, and he improved it continually, addin each year to its effectiveness as a place of resi dence, and its facilities as a money making prop osition. He was a lover of trees and the bean tiful things of nature, and was very orderly i: his methods and habits.

August 17j 1866, Mr. Hilton married Katherine Donahue, a native of Illinois, and of the union there were seven children, four sons and three daughters: Eben, a resident of St. Claire; Charley, a painter; William, a civil engineer; Georgiana, wife of Thomas .McCarty, a farmer of Northern Dakota; Libby of Portland, Oregon; Margaret and Ralph, the last two living on the home farm. Mr. Hilton was a Republican in politics, and in religion was a Congregationalist.

HIMMELMAN, EDWARD J. - In the commodious, comfortable and modem hostelry of Mankato, known as the Hotel Heinrich, is seen a fitting tribute to the large-hearted hospitality and generous nature of one of the best known pioneers of Blue Earth County, Henry Himmelman, whose son, Edward J., is its builder, proprietor and developer. He is a native of the city to which he has given so noteworthy an institution, the date of his birth beingthe 28th of July, 1864. His father's long and prominent connection with the community is detailed elsewhere in this work.

Edward J. Himmelman was educated in the public schools and at the State Normal School of Mankato, at the conclusion of this literary training pursuing a business course ?it the Commercial College, of La Crosse, Wisconsin. For a time thereafter he was a bookkeeper, and then entered the United States Mail Service as a postal clerk on the Northwestern Railroad running between St. Paul and Council Bluffs. After holding that position for several years he was connected with a mattress manufacturing company, and later became bookkeeper for a braneli Oi the Val Blatz Brewing Company at Sioux City, Iowa. In 1903 Mr. Himmelman again fixed his residence in Mankato, becoming proprietor of the City Hotel. In 1904-5 he built and furnished the Hotel Heinrich, opening it to the public July 2d of the latter year.

The Hotel Heinrich was equipped in modern style, and from the first has attracted a superior class of patrons, its trade having so greatly increased that during 1907 Mr. Himmelman will be obliged to materially expand its accommodations. His up-to-date methods and pleasing personality have firmly established an institution of which the entire county is proud, and which materially adds to Mankato'e prestige as a live and progressive place.

Edward J. Himmelman was married in 1887, to Miss Marguerite Leader, a native of Nicollet county, Minnesota, by whom he has had two children - Troy E. and Fred H. Since becoming of age he has been an active member of the I. 0. 0. F. and has also been long identified with the Knights of Pythias and B. P. 0. B.

HIMMELMAN, SR., HENRY - In the early period of the colonization of Blue Earth county it was the good fortune of the region to attract as permanent settlers an unusually keen, alert, honorable and energetic class of pioneers. Destiny favored the upbuilding of this section of the northwest in bringing hither men and women of exceptional character and refinement. With genial good-fellowship these pioneers labored side by side, working for the same great end, the upbuilding of the commonwealth and giving of advantages to their children. No discouragements were allowed to turn them from their great purpose. No obstacles daunted their steady coura,'Te. Nn hardships of severe winters whose bitter blasts brought suffering into rudely-construetecl frontier homes could turn them aside from their ambition. Such men and women form the bulwark on which rests the stability of our government and the happiness of its homes.

Not the least prominent of the pioneers who aided in securing the early business development of Mankato and who established the citj^'s fortunes upon a steady commercial basis, was Henry Himmelman, Sr., who belongs to that class of German-American citizens so helpful in the growth of the northwest. Born at Elsass, Germany, in 1834, he received in boyhood the advantages of the excellent German schools of his home town. In accordance with the custom of his country he left school at the age of fourteen years and began an apprenticeship to a trade, his chosen occupation being that of a wagon-maker. While still a mere lad he had heard much concerning the opportunities offered by America and had resolved to seek a home in the new world. Accordingly in 1854 he crossed the ocean and Joined friends at St. Charles, Missouri, where he remained a year.

Coming to Minnesota in 1855, Mr. Himmelman joined the few settlers who were established within the limits of Blue Earth county. The following year many settlers joined the little throng of pioneers and it then became practicable to begin work at his trade, so he opened a wagon and blacksmith shop on the present site of the City Hotel. For some years he followed his trade with patient industry and, while no great gains came to him from the work, he secured a comfortable income and won many friends among his patrons. In 18G9 he built the City Hotel. Through working at his trade he had made a large circle of acquaintances among the farmers, who for market purposes frequented Mankato from a vast radius of country in every direction. It was natural that these should become his best customers when he opened his hotel, and for years his hostelry was the headquarters of the agriculturists of the county. A few years after building the hotel he erected the Union hall. In 1890 he became interested in the manufacture of mattresses, and as that business grew it demanded his entire attention, so he tnrned over the management of the hotel to his son, Henry, Jr., who made the house a popular resort for traveling men as well as the general public. While conducting business pursuits Mr. Himmelman maintained the deepest interest in civic affairs, rendered faithful service for fifteen years as a member of the board of aldermen, and from the time of his arrival in Mankato to the present time (covering a period of more than fifty years) he has been a steadfast contributor to all movements for the benefit of the educational, business and moral interests of the city.

When Mr. Himmelman came to Mankato he was a single man. His marriage took place August 8, 1858, and united him with Pauline Heinze, who was born in Germany February 5, 1840. At the age of ten j'ears she came to the United States with her pajents, settling near Milwaukee, Wisconsin, but removing to Mankato, Minnesota, during August of 1856. Five children were born to the union of Mr. and Mrs. Himmelman, four now living, namely: Mrs. H. Engelbert, of St. Paul; Mrs. Ida Schabert, of St. Paul Park; and Henry and E. J., both of Mankato. Mrs. Himmelman was survived by tliree brothers and a sister, namely: F. G. and Frederick Heinze, of Mankato; Herman Heinze, of Oklahoma, and Mrs. Charles Forster, of Eagle Lake. With her husband she enjoyed a wide acquaintance and a circle of warm personal friends, and was particularly interested in the work of the old settlers' association, in which she was a prominent member for many years.

HIMMELMAN, JE., HENEY. - A benefiter to a certain extent of the natural law of progression as existing between a father who establishes and a son who builds upon the foundations of business, Henry Himmelman has used well his opportunities, and is recognized as a young business man of many excellent quaUtes, whose wealth is as much a matter of character as of finance, and whose future will be guided by a well directed and well controlled mind. A native of Mankato, and born January 35, 1861, Mr. Himmelman is the namesake of a father long identified with the history of Blue Earth county, and mention of 'whom may be found elsewhere in this work.

The educational chances of Mr. Himmelman were varied and practical, and included the publie schools of Mankato, the State Normal School, and the German School at New Ulm, this state. His primary independence was secured as a clerk in the county auditor's office during vacation time, and he later worked in a grocery, and in the Cit}' Hotel, the latter established by his father in 1868. A natural aptitude for hotel keeping resulted in his assumption of the management of the hotel May 10, 1886, and for seventeen years he was thus employed, maintnining a hostelry which fully met the requirements of latter day trade, and won for the manager the credit of possessing courtesy, consideration and kindred invaluable qualities to the man who makes a success of dealing with the traveling public. While still connected with the hotel Mr. Himmelman proved his many sided- ness and resource by purchasing the plant of the Linseed Oil Company, of Mankato, converting the same into a brewery, and as president of the Standard Brewing Company operating the same imtil disposing of the plant to eastern parties in 1D06. The brewing venture proved a profitable investment, and for the last three 3'ears of its existence was managed by ilr. Himmelman.

Although no partisan, Mr. Himmelman is a broad gauged Democrat, and among other offices has held that of member of the city council for several years, having also been connected with the board of public works and charter commission. He is a" member of the Conimercial Club and Driving Park vlssociation, and fraternally is connected with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows,' Knights of Pythias and Sons of Herman. The marriage of Mr. Himmelman and T/juise Schuerer, daughter of Curl and Christina (Emil) Schuerer, of Watertown, Wisconsin, occurred May 4, 1886. Of the union there are three children: Florence P., Louise L. and Farry W. In a community which has watched his progress through boyhood to the period of business responsibility and achievement, j\lr. Himmelman is held in high esteem, and his genial and unaffected nature has drawn to him the closer regard of a host of friends.

HODAPP, PHILIP. - Honored among the pioneers of Blue Earth county, where for years he successfully followed agricultural pursuits and where now in the city of Mankato he enjoys a well-earned rest from former activities, Philip Hodapp is a native of German)-, born April 23, 1833, to Wendell and Mary Ann (Hunt) Hodapp. When four years of age he was Ijrought ill the United States by his parents, who settled near St. Charles, Missouri, the father spending the balance of his life as a farmer and merchant of that locality. In the family of thirteen children Philip was third in order of birth, and he is one of four survivors, the others being as follows: Wenzel, of Xorth ]\rankato; ilary, Mrs. John B. Thro, of St. Charles, j\Iiss(mri; and Joseph, who makes Mankato his home.

schools as yet had been established, hence the children were deprived of the educational advantages they desired. However, Philip Hodapp enabled to attend school four winter terms in St. Charles and this, with the addition of study on his own part, forms the basis of his present varied knowledge. During 1853 he married Elizabeth, daughter of John ]M. Borgman, a year after his marriage he remained on the heme farm, but in 1854 he joined a colony of five families bound for the northwest. The party started up the Mississippi by steamboat, with St. Paul as their destination. All went well as far as Eock Island, but there the boat stranded and the passengers were detained for six weeks. It was during the period of enforced Plaiting that sickness broke out on the boat and I\Irs. Hodapp's sister. Gertrude, wife of Michael Hunt, died of cholera. jMr. Hodapp also was stricken, but recovered after a serious illnes.^. Early in the month of October the boat cast anchor at St. Paul, and a few days later the party proceeded to Blue Earth county, where they arrived October 15, 1854.

Securing a claim of timber land two miles northeast of ^Mankato in Mankato township, Mr. Hodapp diligently entered upon the arduous task of clearing and improving the property. It speaks well for his work when the statement is made that many people consider his farm one of the very finest in this part of the county. The substantial buildings were erected under his supervision. From year to year improvements were made as their need was suggested to this wideawake and capable farmer. Ample facilities were provided for the storage of grain and the shelter of stock. Proper methods of tillage brought the land to a high state of productiveness. Everything about tlie place indicates the tlirift of the owner. After years of constant and fruitful application. "Mr. Hodapp retired from manual labors and now resides in a comfortable home on Xorth Fourth street, Mankato, where he enjoys the merited fruits of his years of labor.

From the earliest period of ]iis identification vith Blue Earth county Mr. Hodapp has been interested in every movement for the local welfare. Time and again it floulil have been pos- sible for him to hold such offices as were within the gift of his acquaintances, but he jDreferred to remain in the political background, and tcok no part whatever in politics aside from voting the Democratic ticket. Almost the only position he ever consented to fill was that of treasurer of Mankato township, which he has held for nineteen years. When he came to this county he realized that a place for religious worship was one of the needs of the settlers and he was eager to enlist others in such a project, the result being that a meeting was held in Leo Lamm's shoeshop and it was there decided to enter upon the work of church -building. Mr. Hodapp was one of those who selected the site for building and secured the lots where St. I'eter and St. Paul's church now stands.

The first wife of Mr. Hodapp died in March, 1875, leaving the follovring-named children: John B., and Mary (Mrs. George May), both of Mankato; Henry, living in Decoria townshi^3. Blue Earth county; George, who cultivates the old homestead in Mankato township ; Otilia, deceased; Elizabeth, who married Joseph Bruels and lives in St. Paul; Philip, now of St. Charles, Missouri; Frank, and Gertrude (Mrs. Joseph Keber), both of Madelia, Watonwan county, Minnesota. In 1876 Mr. Hodapp was again married, his wife being Anna C, daughter of Peter and Elizabeth Bruels, natives of Germany, and lifelong residents of that country. It has been Mr. Hodapp's privilege to witness the growth and progress of Blue Earth county for more than fifty years. Remarkable, indeed, has been the transformation during that period, and his industrious hands aided in the change wrought by the pioneers. Lack of supplies and the rigor of the winters combined to make those early years full of toil. Those who enjoy the civilization of the twentieth century cannot realize how much they owe to the fortitude and endurance of the early settlers, who made possible the comforts of the present. More than once it was necessary for Mr. Hodapp to drive oxen to St. Paul for supplies when the thermometer was below zero and when from eleven to fifteen days were required for the trip. Flour cost $18 per barrel and other necessities were proportionately high. Conveniences were conspicuous by their aljsence. The improved machinery in common use on the farms now was unloiown then and most of the work was done by hand. Wild game furnished the families with their meat, S((uirrel being the most frequent addition to the table. A coffee-mill was used for the grinding of corn, as grist-mills had not yet been built and feed-grinders were unknown. In listening to a recital from Mr. Hodapp of the trials and privations of the '50's, one feels that a special tribute of praise belongs to the pioneers who passed through such tribulations and cheerfully bore such sacrifices in order that their sons and daughters might be blessed by their labors.

HODSON, JAMES. - Xotwithstanding the fact that he is of foreign nativity, Mr. Hodson has exhibited a deep and constant devotion to the interests of his adopted country and particularly is interested in the progress of his home city of Mankato, where he ranks among the progressive business men and the leading members of the Commercial Club. The shire of Derby in England is his native locality, and July 13, 1850, the date of his birth. At the age of ten years he was brought to the United States by his parents, Joseph and Ellen (Shaw) Hodson, settling with them on a tract of unimproved land near Hebron, .Nicollet county, Minnesota.

The improvement of the land occupied the attention of the father during the remainder of his active years, and he passed away at the old homestead in 1889 at the age of seventy-one years. Three years before his demise occurred the death of his wife at the age of sixty-six. Of their four children one died in infancy, and three are now living, namely: Thomas, who remains ir Xicollet county; Henry, who removed to South Dakota; and James, who makes Mankato his home. The last-named received a district-school education and remained on the old home farm iu Nicollet county until twenty-two years of age, '.vhen lie began independent farming near his father's place. There he continued until 1901, wl;en he came to Mankato, and embarked in the dragon and implement business at No. Il4 East Main street. The beginning of the business was small, but it was conducted with such skill, ac- curacy and judgment that an extension of the trade necessarily followed. The original partners of Mr. Hodson were E. il. Znel and M. C. Johnson, the firm title heing James Hodson & Co., but in October of 1903 the interests of Messrs. Zuel and Johnson were purchased by W. E. Davey, and since then the title has been Hodson & Davey.

During June of 1903 the business was removed to more spacious quarters at Xos. 314-316 South Front street, where now may be seen a full line of buggies, farm wagons, windmills, pumps, and farm implements of every description, and in addition the firm, acts as agent for gasoline engines and threshing machines of the most modern types. While giving his attention principally tO the careful and successful conduct of the business, j\Ir. Hodson finds leisure to assist in the activities of JIankato and Blue Earth county and freely contributes to the aid of progressive enterprises. Believing that the strongest and most permanent growth of a town cannot be effected without the aid of religion, he always has been interested in work for the uplifting of humanity by means of the Gospel, and in his own denomination and congregation (the Centenary Methodist Episcopal church) he has become known for his earnest" advocacy of plans for the furtherance of Sunday-school, missionary and other organizations allied with the church.

The first marriage of Mr. Hodson took place October 22, 1871, and united him with Minerva A. Trask. daughter of D. P. K. Trask, of Belgrade, iSTicollet county, this state. Mrs. Hodson died in 1889 at the age of thirty-seven years. Xine children were born of that union, and all are still living except the sixth child, Louis H., who died in 1892 at the age of twentj'-one years. The other members of the family are named as follows: Mary E., who married Merrill Furrier and lives at IJlen, Clay county, Minnesota; Ida L., 'Mrs. John 0. Kenne, of Mankato township. Blue Earth county; George A., of Mankato; Frank H., now living in Stark count}', North Dakota; Joseph E., whose home is at IJlen, Minnesota; Delia, who married W. N. Dunham and lives at Dlen; and Chester A. and Schuyler C, both of whom are now in Los Angeles, California. The present wife of Mr. Hodson, whom he married March 8, 1893, was formerly Addie Furrier, of Belgrade township, Nicollet county, and by this union there is a son. Jay W. Hodson.

HOHJIAJSr, JOHN H. - Mr. Hohman is a young man of ability, energy' and metropolitan ideas, and his long training in St. Louis has given him that familiarity with the business, which, added to his personal talents, explains the' remarkable expansion of his enterprise which is now only two years of age. He is a native of the city named, born April 27, 18G9, son of Casper and Theresa (Buesclier) Hohman, both natives of German]' - the father coming to the United States in 1848 and the mother, in 18.55. They sjient the active years of their maturity in the cit}- of St. Louis, where Ca.-^per Hohman died in ]\Iarch, 1893, at the age of sixty years, and his good wife survived him until January, 1898, when she too departed into the Future, the years of her earthly life having been fiftj'-three.

John H. Hohman is the oldest in a family of four children (all living), and obtained his mental instruction in the parochial schools of his native city and at the St. Louis University. When quite a young man he engaged in the manufacture of bank, store, office and bar fixtures and continued in these lines for fourteen years. In 1005 he located in ^lankato, and, in partnership with Otto Lamm, conducted for several years the leading establishment for the sale of furniture and house furnishings in the city, and one of the most prominent in the state, later taking an active part in the management of the Standard Brewery company of Mankato.

On November 20, 1901, Mr. Hohman was married to ^liss Carrie Lamm, daughter of the late Stephen Lamm, of ilankato, and sister of his business partner. They have been the parents of two children - Lambertine and Aloysius J. Fraternally Mr. Hohman is a member of the Knights of Columbus and the Elks. Personally, he is sociable, popular and able, and in his broader relations a progressive citizen of noteworthy enterprise and judgment.

liOLBROOK, Dr. JOHX S. - It can no longer be said that the bright sons of the famil)', who have a longing for professional life, turn instinctively to the law, for Mith the remarkable advaneemeni; of scientific and clinical methods in medical education and practice, to creditably occupy the field of the physician and surgeon are required an intellectual grasp, a steadfastness of purpose and a broad endowment of natural attainments, which are bringing into the j-anks of his profession some of the strongest and finest of the country's young men. A good illustration of this type, who would have made a success in any other profession as well, is Dr. John S. Holbrook, of Mankato, this county.

Dr. Holbrook is a native of Wisconsin and was born in the town of Arkansas, that State, on the 17th of December, 1874, being the son of Willard F., and Mary (Ames) Holbrook, both natives of Massachusetts. They came to Wisconsin in 1850, where I\Ir. Holbrook engaged iu the manufacture of furniture and died in 1887, at the age of sixty years, his widow passing away in 1889, aged forty-nine. There were five hoys and five girls in their family, of whom John S., was the sixth child.

The Doctor's early education was obtained in the public schools of his native town and at the jSTorthfield (Minn.) High School, his medical course at the University of Minnesota covering the years 1893-6. He began his practice as resident Physician at St. Mary's hospital, Minneapolis, and in June, 1887, located at Mankato, his large clientele being among the best people in the city.

Dr. Holbrook's high standing is well established, both by his patrons and his fellow practitioners. He has been president of the Blue Earth Medical Society, and is actively identified with the State Medical Association, the American Medical Association, and the Minnesota Yalley Medical Society. He was married in August 1900, to Miss Mary Whiting, of Northfield, Minnesota, daughter of Dr. D. J. Whiting, of that place, and is the father of three children, Marigen Louise, Eleanor and Mary Ames.

HOL]\IES, ROY F. - To be in thorough harmony with one's work, to find one's self an integTal part of it, and in inclination inseparable from its obligations and compensations, is perhaps as enviable a destiny as rewards the fiiiving of mankind. Such is the good fortune of Roy F. Holmes, an enthusiastic lover of all things musical, and who, with his music, his scund producing instruments, and his business fa]- sightedness, is one of Mankato's most earnest aij'd painstaking merchants. Mr. Holmes was born in Sparta, Monroe county, Wisconsin, July 20, 1881, and is a son of Clark L. and Jennie (Butler) Holmes, the former born in New York state, and the latter in Wisconsin. The family was established in Mankato in 1886, in which year the elder Holmes engaged in the book and stationery business at 321 South Front street, in partnership with John H. Stewart. The firm of Stewart & Holmes caters to a large and dependable trade in the town and county, and carry a complete line of the commodities associated with the stationers business. The three children in the family of Mr. Holmes are Grace, Roy P. and Harr)-, all of whom owe their educational and other chances to the city of Mankato.

Roy F. Holmes early evidenced musical ability, and Avhile attending the public schools availed himself of every opportunity to cultivate his accomplishment. Finally he bought a half interest in the music store of George B. Owen, and in 1905 purchased the business outright, since then conducting it alone with signal success. His show rooms contain many of the best makes of pianos, including the time honored Stein way and Chickering, as well as the Bush & Geru and Estey makes, and a specialty is made of tuning, repair work. Mr. Holmes has supplied many homes in the county with instruments, and lias done much to encourage the purchase of thost of high grade and lasting quality. His enthusiasm for music is contageous, and his success is largely hinged upon this admirable business quali' fication.

Mr. Holmes is a young man of fine mora character and high business and general ideall His opportunities for usefulness extend t( the Young Men's Christian Association and thi

Baptist church, he being a director in the former, and chorister in the latter for the past four years. Fraternally lie is connected with the lioval Arcanum, and he is a member of the C'cmmercial Clulj. His marriage to Greta Hanson occurred in August, 1906, Mrs. Holmes being a daughter of A. L. Hanson, of Faribault, Jiinnesota. Jlr. Holmes commands the respect and good will of all who know him, and his gentle and particularly earnest life in fulfilling a noble and far reaching purpose in the city of liis adoption.

HOTALIiYG, HERBERT CLEVELAND. - The Blue "Earth County Enterprise, which was established as a weekly journal in 1888 under the title of the Mapleton Enterprise, has been conducted by Mr. Hotaling from the period of its establishment to the present time, and under his tactful, resourceful management the paper has attained a high degree of popularity throughout this locality. Various other ventures, journalistic and commercial, have engaged tlie attention of Jlr. Hotaling, who for several years was interested in the milling business. During 1900, he purchased the Amboy Herald, v,-hich he owned for a number of years. ^Vlso for some time he owned the Independent-Times at Hutchinson, Minnesota, selling the same in 1905, since which time lie has devoted himself principally to the paper in his home town. From boyhood he has been familiar with the printing business and has displayed genuine ability in journalistic affairs. As a young man he was prominent in prohibition work and in 1888, served as secretary of the prohibition state convention being the youngest person ever selected for the position. In August of 18S.5, he established the Third District Messenger, a temperance publication, at JIankato, from which city the paper was distributed throughout this part of the state.

The birth of Herbert C. Hotaling occurred at Mankato, Minnasota, August 5, 1865, his parents being Benjamin F. and Mary Jane (Cleveland) Hotaling,, the former a tinner by trade and the owner of a hardware store in Mankato. Eis ancestors came to this country from Holland. As early as 1856. he established the first hardware store at Hastings, Minnesota, and two years later he started the first businuss of the kind in ^Mankato. Hmler a commission from Alexander Ramsey, ^linnesota's war governor, dated September 1."), l,S{i-2, he served as second lieutenant of the ilaidcato Home Guard, Minnesota A'olunteer militia : also under date of Januaiy 29, 1863, he was commissioned first lieutenanr of the Twelfth Regiment, Minnesota state militia, holding his commission during the period of the Indian troubles. His wife, who was a distant relative of the late president Grover Cleveland, descended from Revolutionary stock, five of her grandfather's brothers having served in the ci'ntinental army. Her education was received in the Wesleyan seminary at Lima, Xew York. During the Indian outbreak of lS6'i, she remained at her home in ilankato where she hospitably furnished food and shelter for many of the refugees from the frontier.

After having been educated in the Mankato public schooU and the IMankato State Normal school, Herbert C. Hotaling turned his attention to the printing business of which he had gained a thorough knowledge in boyhood. At the a,no of sixteen years he entered the printing office of .1. C. Wise, Sr., where he worked for R\e years in learning the trade. Next he was employed on papers in Janesville, Waseca and New Richland, iliunesota, and for a short time edited the Lake .Alill= North Star at Lake ^lills, Iowa. In 188S he came to Mapleton, ^iinnesota, where he has since been associated with the publication of the Enterprise. The paper is Republican in political views, but places loyalty to city and county above partisanship. In 1903, he was elected clerk of the board of education of ^fapleton, which office he sUU fills. Since 1901, he has been a director of the :Mapleton State Bank. During 1904-05 he was village recorder, from ISOT to 1900 he was chief of the fire department, and since 1902 he has acted as resident director of the ]\Iankato Citizens' Telephone ('(.impany. Elected president of the public library of ^lapleton in 1900, he aided in the establishing of a first class library and secured a donation from Andrew Carregie for the library building.

The fraternal associations of Mr. Hotaling are numerous. He has been connected with the Good Templars, Sons of Temperance, Independent Order of Odd Fellows, Masons, Modern Woodmen of America, and is also a member of Benevolent Protective Order of Elks at Manliato, No. 225. The work of all of these organizations has enlisted his sympathy and received his support. June 26, 1889, at Brownton, Minnesota, he married Janie L. Mann, by whom he has a daughter, Mary Evelyn. Prior to her marriage Mrs. Hotaling engaged in teaching, for which v/ork she was prepared by a course of training in the Mankato State Normal school. For years she has been prominent in secret society work and in 1897 she was honored with the office of State president of the Rebekah assembly of Minnesota. The Eastern Star also has had the advantage of her membership and her efficient labors as worthy matron, besides which she has held the ofEice ol: deputy grand matron and represented her lodge in the grand chapter.

HOIJK, R. L. - The vice-president of the State Bank of Good Thunder is one of the leading men of his home town, where he has numerous interests, financial and commercial. Ever since starting out in life for himself he has made his home in this village and meanwhile has risen from poverty 'to independence, being now the owner of large farming interests as well as other business activities representing large investments. It was not until 1905 that lie embarked in the milling business. During that year he erected a modern mill with splendid equipments and since then he has established a reputation for the quality of milling done at the plant. The mill adds an important industry to the business interests of the town and contributes to the general prosperity.

Born in Cass county, Indiana, April 15, 1854, R. L. Houk is a son of Levi and Jane (Thornton) Houk, natives respectively of Pennsylvania and Ohio, and after 1860 residents of Lyra township. The farm upon which they settled was brought to a high state of cultivation through the efforts of the father, assisted by his familj and he continued theie until his death. His wif passed away in 1884. At the time of coming t Blue Earth county R. L. Houk was only six year of age, and his education was secured in Lyri township, where he was a pupil in a school hel( in a log cabin. The equipment of the school wa meagre and the methods of instruction wen crude, but he succeeded in gaining a fair edu cation and is now a well-informed man.

The marriage of R. L. Houk took place h 1881 and united him with Miss Emma Chapel daughter of John D. and Catherine Chapel, o: eastern birth and ancestry. Prior to the Civi war Mr. Chapel brought his family to Minnesoti and settled in Faribault county, where he tool up unimproved land and gave his attention t( the improving of a farm. Mr. and Mrs. Houl are the parents of three daughters. Jessie is i graduate of the State Normal at Mankato anc also attended the State University for one year since which time she has devoted herself to edu cational work. Nellie also is a graduate of th( Normal at Mankato and a successful schoo teacher. Fanny is a graduate of the Mankat( high school and possesses ability as a musician.

Through ' all of his active life Mr. Houk hai retained farming interests and he now owns thre( hundred and ninety acres in Lyra township ad jacent to the village of Good Thunder. Fertiht; of the soil as well as proximity to town give f high valuation to the land, of which two hund red acres arc under cultivation, the balance beinj utilized for pasture. For thirty years or mori Mr. Houk has engaged in buying and selling grain and he also has extensive interests in thi buying and shipping of cattle and hogs. Tb first grain elevator at Good Thunder was oper ated under his management and he has alway' ranked among the most proficient judges of th' grain and stock markets. In politics he vote with the Republican party. In addition to hold ing school offices he has served as president o Die village and as president of the council. H is not identified with any fraternities nor is he communicant in any denomination, but he con tributes to the work of the Episcopal churcl with which his wife was identified.

HOWARD, EICHAED E. - Were a volume to be compiled concerning the experiences of Mr. Howard in the west in an early day, much interesting information might be preserved for future generations bearing upon a period now merging into the remote past. Even now the hardships and sufferings of pioneers are not fully understood or appreciated by those enjoying the civilization of the twentieth century, and still less will their perils be realized by those who follow after us. The introduction of civilization, the incoming of settlers, the building of railroads, and the springing np of villages have caused a iransformation in the lives of the people, and have thrown pioneer experiences into the region of romance.

Although he has lived in the west and northwest ever since early life, Mr. Howard is ot eastern birth and parentage and was born in Saratoga county, Sew York, May 15, 1831. His parents, Peter and Elioda (Randall) Howard, were natives respectively of Massachusetts and A'ermont and died in Xew York, where they had engaged in farming pursuits. The father was bcrn in 1800 and attained the age of eightythree years. Of his seven children the third in oi'der of birth was Richard E., who gTew to manhood upon a farm and received such advantages as the early schools afforded. In the spring of 1854 he left his home in Xew York going to Dodge county, Wisconsin where he was employed in the well business until the spring of 1857, M"hen he went to Miami county, Kansas, and preempted a quarter section of land five miles west of Osawatomie remaining there improving it until the spring of 1859, when he with many others crossed the plains to Pikes Peak and Denver remaining in that mining country till the fall of 18G1, when he went to New Mexico. In the fall of 18G2 he secured employment with the government, first on the fortifications, then promoted to overseer of the tool rooms, and from there was transferred to the clothing department, and from there to the Ordnance department, where he was night watch for about one year. He then bought an interest in a train of seven wagons with five yoke of oxen to each wagon, received employment for some -time hauling interior freight, he then made two trips from Fort

Union, Xew ]\Iexico, to Lawrence, Kansas, where loaded with corn for the Guvei-nment, which he hauled back to Fort Union, a distance of about six hundred miles. This work was done at great peril as the Indians were numerous and exceedingly hostile. The route of the government lay through a region almost wholly uninhabited. Savages lurked in the distance ready to harass or attack the expedition. At one time three of the men accompanying Mr. Howard were scalped by the red men, and his own life was in the greatest peril, but he continued his work undi.smayed by dangers, and remained in the government employ until the close of the war terminated the need for his services. Thereupon he returned to Johnson county, Kansas, and took up farming pursuits. For some years he re- u.nmarried, but eventually he returned to Wisconsin for a wife, being united in Dodge county with Miss Minerva Bayley, daughter of Benjamin and Hannah (Horr) Bayley and a first cousin of Congressman B. G. Horr of Michigan. Her parents were born and reared in Vermont, but lioeame pioneers of Wisconsin and developed a farm in Dodge county, wliere they remained during the greater part of their lives.

For six years after his marriage Mr. Howard engaged in farming in Johnson county, Kansas. During 18T7 he came to Minnesota and settled in Vernon Center township. Blue Earth county, where since he has developed and improved a farm of one hundred and sixty acres still in his possession. Upon retiring from farm pursuits in 1906 he came to the village of Vernon Center and purchased property in the east part of town, where he now resides. In his family there are six children, Blanche M., L. Rose, Gustava, Edwin R. and Benjamin L. Ever since the organization of the Republican party he has supported its principles. In local politics he has been A^-armly interested and has served with efficiency as a member of tlie town board, also in other offices of trust.

HOWIESOK, WILLIAM. - Xumbered among the progressive farmers of Blue Earth county, and exhibiting as an agriculturist the steady, resolute forcefulness of the Scot supplementing the typical energy of the American, we mention the name of William Howieson, who has a wide acquaintance throughout Mapleton township. The son of a pioneer now passed from among us, he has been a resident of Blue Earth county ever since boyhood and has risen to a position among its prosperous farmers. In fact, there are few agriculturists in the county more widely known and none more highly honored than William Howieson and his brothers, Thomas, James A. and Andrew, all of whom own important landed interests. The eldest of the brothers, Thomas, is a Scotsman by birth as well as by parentage, and now makes his home in Lyra township, M'here he cultivates a farm of three hundred and twenty acres. James A., who received fine educational advantages in the State IN'ormal University at Mankato and Curtis Brothers College in Minneapolis, has taiight school during the winter for twenty-four years, while the intervening summers have been given to farm pursuits, and he owns an improved farm of one hundred and sixty acres. Andrew occupies land adjoining the original homestead ' and has the title to two hundred and forty acres. William remains on the old homestead, owning two hundred and forty acres. These four sons form the family circle, with the addition of a sister, Eliza, now the wife of W. L. McQueen, of Mapleton.

The father of this family, Andrew Howieson, was a native of Pifeshire, and married Janet Henderson, of the shire of Inverness. During the year 1857 they came to America and settled in Wisconsin, where they remained some seven years. During their residence at Waupun, that state a son was born whom they named William, and whose birth occurred July IT, 1S59. When he was five years old the family came to Minnesota and since then he has lived on a farm in Blue Earth county. The father died February 1, 1903, and the mother passed from earth September 16, 1906. Honored by all w^ho knew them, they left to their children the heritage of . rtoble characters, imspotted reputations and industrious lives, and whatever of success their descendants may achieve, whatever of prominence the future may bring to- them, not a little of the praise for their success may be given to the stalwart Scotchman and his gentle helpmate, whose

HUBBARD, JAY. - Is a man who has always shown great interest in the affairs of corporations bearing his fathers name, and the welfare of ]\Iankato in general.

The family of which he is a member has been influential and honored for many years in thife part of Minnesota, his father, the late Rensselaer D. Hubbard, having been a pioneer in the milling business at Mankato, where he engaged in that industry until his death ended his successful labors. Born in the city where he now makes his home. Jay Hubbard is now in the prime of life, his birth having occurred January 8, 1871. The rudiments of his education were obtained in the common schools and in 1890 he was graduated from the high school, after wdiich for two years he carried on the regular studies of the University of Minnesota. The milling enterprise inaugurated by his father early engaged his attention and commanded liis best efforts. For a time he was secretary and treasurer of the Hubbard Milling company and upon the death of his father he succeeded him as president of the Hubbard-Palmer Milling Company. This important and responsible position he filled until 1906, when he was succeeded by George M. Palmer and since then he has given his efforts to other lines of application. He is now president of the Hubbard Company, a corporation to handle the R. D. Hubbard estate.

For some years Mr. Hubbard has acted as president of the Heusner Baking Company of Chicago, he is also treasurer of the Hubbard & Palmer Company.

The qualities of Mr. Hubbard are such that he is well adapted to the management of large enterprises and averse to being identified with trivial affairs. He has always entered into the management of large affairs with enthusiasm and earnestness, and has proved the possession of executive ability as well as energy and progressive spirit.

L. Oeborn of Mankato, who died in 1900. Two j-ears later he was united in marriage with Miss Minnie C. Sehoyen, and their union has been blessed with one son, Eenssclaer D. The political views of Mr. Hubbard bring him into sympathy with tlie Bepublican party. Ho^vever, his interest in politics is that of a public-spirited citizen onl}-, and otficc-seeking or leadership in local party matters have never been sought by him.

HUBBAED, EENSSELABE DEAN. - There is no personality more interesting than that of the self-made business man. While it is evident to all that no man is entirely the arbiter of his own destiny, but to a large degree is the creature of heredity, environment and association, yet some there are with the will power to overcome adverse surroundings and carve out for themselves positions of honor and influence in their community; such men may appropriately be denominated self-made. To this class belonged the late E. D. Hubbard, one of the most widelyknown and influential men who ever selected Minnesota as the center of their commercial activities. It was his good fortune to be descended from colonial ancestry of the finest type, prominent in the early history of Xew England. On the other hand, the immed'ate family of which he was a member, while standing high in a farming community, possessed limited means, and thus he was forced by dint of circumstances to do without an education, instead of which he left home at the age of fifteen to make his ovm. way in the world. From that time forward he depended upon his unaided exertions for whatever of success he achieved. The fact that he became wealthy and eminent proves that he possessed rare qualities of mind and stability of character.

The life which this article depicts began in Maryland township, OtsegO' county, Xew York, December 14, 1837, in the farm home of Oliver R. and Lavinia (Chase) Hubbard, natives of Connecticut. The close of earth's activities came in Mankato, Minnesota, in 1905, in the midst of scenes far removed from those of boyhood and early youth. Between these two dates there was compressed volumes of personal history, from which we glean the most salient points. After having studied for a few years in district schools and for a few months in a select school, at the ago of fifteen years the youth began to earn his livelihood, his first work being with a sur\eying party engaged in locating the Albany & Susqhehanna Eailroad (now the Delaware & Hudson Canal Company). In the spring of 1854 he sought the far-distant shores of the Pacific coast, and soon secured work as a farm hand in the Sacramento valley. Out of his wages of $50 per 2iionth within two years he had saved $1,13G, all of which he sent home to his parents.

After a venture at farming rendered vmsuecessful by reason of a drought, in August of 1857 Mr. Hubbard went to the Humboldt river country and began to trade with the immigrants. In July of the next year he went to the Fraser river in British Columbia at the time of the excitement caused by the discovery of gold in that region. During the fall of 1859 he returned to the east and visited his old hoiue. March of 1860 found him again in Sacramento, where he secured a clerkship in a grocery at $50 per month and in four months was promoted to be head manager at a salary of $160 per month. In January of 1863 he went back to New York intending to enlist in the Union army, but was prostrated by a severe attack of pneumonia on the journey, and thus was rendered unfit for military duty. Settling at Sidney Plains, New York, he engaged in the raising of tobacco for two years. In the fall of 1866 he removed to Corey, Pennsylvania, and embarked in the grocery business, meeting with such success that his original capital of $2,000 in four years had enabled him to clear $30,000. During 1870 he made another trip to California, with the intention of starting a bank, but he found conditions unfavorable, and returned to the east, after which he spent some time investigating various parts of the country in search of a suitable location.

Chance directed j\lr. Hubbard to Mankato, with whose prospects he was so pleased that he settled permanently in this city. Building a warehouse, he engaged in the wheat business. With J. A. Willard and J. B. Hubbell, in ilarch of 1872 he organized the Mankato Linseed Oil Company, of which for eleven years he was the manager. Meanwhile in 1879 he established the Mankato Milling Company, Avith himself as president. The plant was operated as E. D. Hubbard & Co., until 1894, when the name was changed to E. D. Hubbard Milling Company, and in 1897 the title became the Hubbard Milling Company. The early type of the stone system was soon replaced by the roller process, and the capacity was gradually increased until twelve hundred barrels comprised the daily output. Over one and onehalf million bushels of wheat pass through the mill every year. The business ability and sound judgment of the founder of the business contributed largely to its success and under his capable supervision the plant became one of the largest and most important in the southern part of the state.