Goodhue County, Minnesota - The whole text, 1878 (part 12 of 16)

As Wanamingo township is the center of the Norwegian settlements of Goodhue county, it may be well here to submit a sketch of the characteristics of the Norwegian immigrants, which we have been enabled to prepare with the assistance of a learned friend, who is himself a Norwegian, and which will, of course, be applicable to Norwegian settlements anywhere in the county.

The Norwegian Element

In the southwest part, where the country offers the greatest advantages for agricultural purposes, several townships are settled almost exclusively by them. In this fertile and suitable region, they have a better chance of having their energy and industry rewarded, than they had in Norway, where greater exertions were needed merely to gain a subsistence, whether it was as agriculturists on the small, stony and steep pieces of cultivated land, or as sailors and fishermen on the surrounding sea.

The Norwegians are also eminently fit to be the pioneers of civilization. In their lonely valleys, they have become more accustomed to live by themselves, and to be contented in their own company, than settlers from more densely populated countries; and they do not to the same degree,'feel the want of social advantages, from which the pioneers, to a greater or less degree, are excluded.

Self help was, in the old country, cultivated to a high degree, in regard to the mechanical work needed by the farmers. It was often a considerable distance to the next neighbor, and the farmers did much of the work themselves, where in other places a tradesman was called into requistion. Almost every one could, for instance, do his own horse-shoeing and other blacksmith work; thus they are well accustomed to the hard work called for in a pioneer country, because in their old home they had to work hard to make a living, and this rigorous training has made them hardy, strong and enduring.

faith and a strong arm. Many of them could not pay their own fare over the sea, but had, with their first earnings to pay back that outlay. When the older settlers get in better circumstances, they frequently send money to friends and relatives in Norway, with which to defray their expenses to this country.

As soon as they arrive, they commence working with a good will, and, almost universal] v, their exertions have been crowned with success. It is a fact, that hardly any immigrant with so small a beginning, do as well as the Norwegians. Wherever they- have been settled for some time the country shows good cultivation, splendid barns and commodious habitations.

The kind of property the Norwegians value most is landed estate. The first settlers tried to stretch themselves over as much land as they could, occupying land for their relations and friends yet to come, besides what they claimed for themselves. New land seekers were frequently turned off with the information that all the surrounding land was taken. The boundaries were sometimes so extravagant that controversies ensued with later arrivals, which on one occasion, at least, degenerated into blows. This collision caused the " Club Law," - established by some of the old settlers, for the retention of their extravagant claims - to be abolished.

As soon as the claim was secured, work commenced, preparing the ground for the seed, grubbing out the brush and breaking the soil. The lodgings were inferior, and for a long time confined to the primitive log hut, which, however, was solid and warm.

As the Norwegians care well for their domestic animals, the first improvements in the way of buildings, are good and substantial stables and farms. They do not, for immediate use, build a smaller and cheaper structure, but they wait until able to build at once, large and solid, and then, economical as they are, they do not shun the expense. "The best is the cheapest," is their motto.

As soon as the Norwegian has got a comfortable home, and often before, he looks around for more land, and buys of his neighbor, if he can ; thus the price of land rises in Norwegian neighborhoods. In the township of Wanamingo - which is the center of the Norwegian settlements - land has sold within a year for as high as $50 per acre, which is nearly one-fourth higher than the same quality of land will sell for in other parts of the county.

for themselves lands or property, frequently sell out and remove to other parts of the country, where they can get equally good land for less money.

Neighbors of other nationalities, especially Americans, who have somewhat different ideas of life, particularly in regard to the social relations, generally leave the neighborhood if the, yet, to them, unfamiliar Norwegians, who often can only express themselves in a foreign language, and remove to where they have their own countrymen for neighbors.

A difference in the national habits will also be seen in the way of settling. The Americans, like most other nationalities, are gregarious, and prefer to live together in villages in some places in this country. American villages, in otherwise Norwegian settlements, is the only American element for a long distance.

The Norwegians prefer to build each at a distance from the other. Everybody likes to have his own for himself and at a distance from his next neighbor, and to be as near as possible " Monarch of all he surveys, his rights none to dispute."

The first claim in this township was made in May, 1855, by Christian Peterson, who made his selection on sec. 26, upon which he erected a rude habitation, consisting of brush, with which the land at that time was mostly covered. This shelter was improved in the fall of the year by a few boards, and such material as the unbroken wilderness afforded. These hardships were shared by John Mabee and A. C. Ernsted. These claims were made in June, 1855, Mabee locating his claim on sec. 35, where he lived until the spring of 1856, when he returned to Norway.

Ernsted made his claim on sec. 26, and in 1856 occupied the deserted claim of Mabee, where he has since made it his home. Here are to be seen the records of his advancement and prosperity, in the preservation of the old pioneer hut, and some years later a larger and at that time commodious dwelling, which is now nearly obscured by a beautiful residence, which is but just completed at this date, October, 1878. The size of this building is 32 by 24 feet, with an addition 18 by 24. The exterior is painted white. On the west side is a portico, 32 feet long, surmounted by pillars of fine workmanship and design. To the front, facing the south, is a large bay window, through which the autumn sun warms into life the rare plants and flowers that adorn it. Above them creeps the ivy with its delicate foliage, kissing the welcome sunshine.

The interior is finished in artistic style, and contains sixteen rooms, with all the modern conveniences. These are the living pioneers of this township. But while we write of the living, let us turn to one, at least, who participated in those hardships, and was called to a better home at a time when he had just began to reap the benefit of his toil. That man was Daniel Eames, who made his claim in 1855. He was a man of sterling worth, and died in 1859, honored and beloved by all who knew him.

Julius Peck arrived in 1856 with the first team of horses owned in the township. Same year Messrs. Nichols and Ford built a flouring mill on the north branch of the Zumbro, in the southeast portion of the town. Another mill was erected on the same stream, about six miles above this, located on the line between Minneola and Wanamingo, the Zumbro forming the boundary.

This mill was then owned by Nelson and Olson. There are four blacksmith shops in Minneola. The first being built by Bant Thompson, in 1859. These shops are all doing a prosperous business, the proprietors' of which make it their exclusive business. The population of Minneola, is composed largely of Norwegians and Germans. In 1867, the Norwegians erected the first frame church in the southeast corner of the township, at a cost of $3,500. It is capable of accommodating 400 or 500 persons, and has a membership of 1,000.

The first minister was B. A. Mews. The pulpit is now occupied by John Yalversacker. Considerable attention is paid to educational interests, and there are a number of good school houses, in which schools are taught the greater portion of the year. Many of these school houses, as well as the better residences, were built by Hon. A. J. Grover, architectural mechanic of the township. The first school taught

Rev. Charles Shedd held church service as early as 1856, soon after his arrival. The following year a Sabbath School was organized with a fair number of pupils in attendance. In 1862, the school was re-organized, and has since flourished. Eli Mendenhail was superintendent some four or five years. The Methodists organized a society in 1868, and hold divine service on the Sabbath in the school houses.

A company composed of Ezra Wilder, H. H. Palmer, T. P. Kellett and others, built a large cheese factory on section 36, within the limits of Zumbrota. The town of Minneola was first organized as a part of Zumbrota, but was set off with a distinct organization in 1860.

The German Methodists have a fine church edifice in the north portion of the township; also the German Lutheran farther to the west of the town.

The first birth in the township was Eddie Crowell, June, 1857. The first marriage was between George Rees and Harriet Wightman, June, 1858. The first death was Daniel Eames, October 4, 1859.

The first school was taught in the house of Julius Peck, by Charles W. Warlock, in the winter of 1857-8. Rev. Mr. Waldron preached the hrst sermon at the residence of Daniel Eames, in which the first public school was taught by Miss Mary Dickey.

In 1871, a school house was erected on section 23, and was first taught by John Aldrich. The present teacher is Endora E. Carver. The school has an average attendance of thirty scholars. The growth and development of this township has been rapid and permanent in mechanical, educational and all other interests pertaining to the substantial prosperity of an agricultural people.

Township No. 110, ranges 15 and 16. Organized July 5, 1858. The first settler was William Fiske, who located a claim in the southeast part of the township, on Dry Run, in the spring of 1854. In early life he was a resident of Maine, and subsequently entered upon a seafaring life, which occupation he followed for some years. He was a bachelor and hermit in his way, which is demonstrated by the secluded spot he chose for a residence after coming to this county. He died in 1878, and was buried in the cemetery at Mazeppa, Wabasha county, Minn. John Cameron died December, 1856, which was the first death in the

In the fall of 1855 Rev. H. N. Gates, a missionary, who had been laboring in Iowa, returned to Stafford, Connecticut, where he had formerly lived, and proposed organizing an emigration company to establish a colony in the West. The first meeting was held in Stafford, at which time the company was organized, under the name of the " Stafford Western Emigration Company," with Albert Barrett, of Stafford, president, and Charles Ward, of Lowell, Mass., secretary. The following members constituted the board : T. P. Kellett, Josiah Thompson, Joseph Bailey, D. B. Godard, Dr. Ira Perry, James El well, Milton Bonner, Samuel Chaffee, Ruben A. Smith and C. C. Webster. At a meeting held in Palmer, Mass., January, 1856, they adjourned to meet at Lowell, February, 1856.

One hundred and sixty persons had joined the association at the time of the adjourned meeting in Lowell, and the capital stock paid in at that time was $30,000. At this meeting Rev. H. N. Gates, Albert Barrett and Mr. Sherwood were appointed a committee to go to Iowa or Minnesota and purchase a township of land. The funds of the association were placed at the disposal of Rev. H. N. Gates, chairman of the committee. The time this organization left for the West is not definitely given, but it is safe to say it was soon after this meeting. Nothing was heard from the committee after their departure until the latter part of May, 1866, when a call for a meeting was issued by secretary Charles Ward, and that the committee had returned and would report. Gates and Sherwood both made reports, but disagreed, and the company disbanded. A new company was formed soon after, changing the name to u Strafford Western Emigration Company." The members were Josiah Thompson, Ira Perry, Joseph Bailey, D. B. Godard, T. P. Kellett, and Samuel Shaffee.

In August, 1866, some of the members of this company came to this part of Minnesota, and after looking over the country in different localities, Samuel Shaffee, with Godard and Bailey, came across the Zumbro River Valley, with the intention of returning east via Red Wing. As they ascended the hill north of where Zumbrota now stands, Samuel Shaffee discovered the beauties of the valley, and to him belongs the honor of discovering the place where the company located. The following day they arrived in Red Wing, where Mr. Shaffee was taken ill, and died Aug. 9, 1856. He is buried in the cemetery in Red Wing. All honor to the memory of those who have passed away, and to the names of those who have been spared to see the wigwams and camp fires of the Indians give way to palatial dwellings.

There was quite a tide of immigration to Zumbrota, chiefly among those who belonged to the Strafford Emigration Company, in the fall of 1856 and spring of 1857.

Frink and Walker's stage route, from Dubuque to St. Paul, had previously been established through the township, but the route was changed in March, 1857, and led through the village of Zumbrota. T. P. Kellett was the first postmaster.

Village Of Zumbrota

Aaron Doty entered the northwest quarter and the southwest quarter of section 31, in 1856. The village was platted on this land by the Strafford Emigration Company, in September, 1856. Bailey and Thompson made an addition, which is called North Zumbrota in 1857. The west addition was made by Josiah Thompson, on section 36, Minneola township. The first house was built by C. W. Smith. It was a log structure, 14x18, and built on the south bank of the Zumbrota

.River. It is still standing at this date, October, 1878. Smith being a land speculator, he could not pre-empt the land, so he got Aaron Doty to take the claim and live in the house he had built. In 1857, Smith moved away, and was last heard of in Bay City, Michigan. The first store building was erected in October, 1856, by Thomas P. Kellett, in which he kept the first store. Miss Lizzie Shedd taught the first school, in the fall of 1857. A public school building was erected in 1865, 30x42, and was burned in 1870. The present school building was built in 1870, and is a two-story frame structure partitioned into four rooms. The following teachers are now in charge: William A. Snook, principal ; Osmar H. Parker, first assistant; Persis E. Scofield, second assistant.

Press

The "Zumbrota Independent," was established March 25, 1875, by E. A. Mitchell, the present editor and proprietor. In the beginning, it was a six column to the page folio sheet, then seven columns, eight columns, and it now speaks to the people a quarto sheet of forty columns. It is independent in politics, devoted to the interests of Goodhue county in general, and Zumbrota in particular. It has labored faithfully in behalf of the railroad interests of that section, enjoys a good circulation and is liberally supported.

Received their charter Oct. 24, 1866, with William Bickford, as W. M. ; H. H. Palmer, S. W. ; and James L. Scofield, J. W. The first meetings were held in a building owned by Mr. Blanchard, on Main street. After being located in different places, in 1873 they rented a hall of S.

Mount Carmon Chapter No. 23

The present membership is 127. Meet on Main street every Friday evening. Present officers are Mrs. Cooper, W. C\ T.; Miss May Shedd, W. V. T.; George Elliott, secretary ; and Rose Buchholtz, treasurer.

Congregational Church

In August, 1856, a small number of persons held religious services every Sabbath, which was conducted by some of the members. The ensuing spring, after families of the settlers had arrived and some additions were made to their number, steps were taken to organize a church. A temporary organization was formed in April, 1857, Rev. Charles Shedd as supply. June 28, 1857, the church was properly organized, with a membership of fourteen, Rev. Shedd continuing as supply until October, 1857.

At a meeting held September 4, 1857, the following officers were elected: Alpheus Hall, clerk ; Charles Ward, treasurer; Josiah Thompson, Charles Ward, and Joseph Bailey, committee. Albert Barrett and Charles Ward, deacons.

About this time they began holding services in a public hall over the store now occupied by Thomas P. Kellett, where they remained until 1862, when a church was built, 36x56, at a cost, including bell and furniture, of $3,000. It would be proper to state in this connection that the ladies of this church raised by subscription and otherwise $602, for the bell, fixtures and hanging. All honor to the ladies of the Congregational Church at Zumbrota. The membership of the church at the present writing is 148. Average attendance at Sabbath School, 150, with J. B. Lock, superintendent ; George Sanderson and J. C. Stearnes, deacons ; Charles Ward, clerk, and Bond Olson, treasurer.

held services in a little board house owned by Joseph Gate, June, 1858. July 17, 1858, the church was organized with a membership of thirteen. Samuel Person was elected deacon. Their present church edifice was built in 1864, and is 24x36.

The first services were held in Masonic Hall on Main street, in 1869, Rev. Boyd Phelps preaching, he having been sent by the Minnesota conference to preach regularly at this place. At this time the Methodists at this place only numbered about twelve. Their present church edifice was erected in the spring of 1874, at a cost of $1,200, including lots and church furniture. The building is 26x40, situated on part of lot 4, northeast qr. of sec. 36.

Zumbrota House

In October, 1856, the wing portion of this house was built and kept by Ezra Wilder. In 1864 he sold it to G. R. Slosson, and he to Fred. George, the present proprietor, in 1872; who in the spring of 1876 built a two-story front, 20x70. The wing which was built in 1856 is 20x60, two stories, and the whole house has thirty-one sleeping apartments.

Midland House

This house was built in June, 1877, by George W. Cunningham. The main building is 22x40, two stories, with wing, 18x60. He kept the house until March 1, 1878, at which time he leased it to J. R. Clark, its present proprietor.

Minnesota Midland Railroad

This road was surveyed from Wabasha to Zumbrota in October, 1877, and partially graded the same year, but was not completed until June 21, 1878. It is a narrow guage track, running sixty-two miles, the distance between the two places, in five hours. This snug, little highway is a great convenience to the interior towns and the surrounding country.

Forest Mills

This establishment was put up by Win. S. Wells and H. H. Palmer in 1867-8. It is now operated under the firm name of Hubbard, Wells & Co. The capacity of the mill is 150,000 bushels yearly.

Mazeppa Mills

Built in 1875 by Wm. S. Wells, Gen. Hubbard, C. D. Ford and W. P. Brown. The capacity of the mill is 250,000 bushels a year. Mr. Wells gives the enterprise his personal supervision.

Pine Island

The first settler in the township of Pine Island was Josiah Haggard, a youth. of nineteen or twenty summers, who located his claim near the present residence of Dr. Chas. Hill, in the spring of 1854. - This claim was jumped by a man named Howard, who came in soon after, when Haggard crossed the Zumbro and made the second claim, now occupied by the dwellings and business houses of this growing populace. Here he had partially established himself with a half-built log habitation, when Moses Jewell and son, Solomon, came in the fall of 1855, and secured this claim by pre-emption. They are, therefore, the oldest living settlers of this village. Jewell lived in a wagon, until he had erected a log shanty on the spot where the liberty pole now stands. Haggard then entered into co-partnership with Howard, and commenced the erection of the saw mill - 1856 - now occupied by W. W. Cutshall. This building was not completed until 1856, and was first run by a man named Leroy and H. B. Powers. The latter was the first settler in this township. He selected a claim on section 31, and built his cabin, in which he lived until 1856, when he moved to Roscoe, where he still resides.

In 1858 Haggard and Howard sold their interest in the mill to A. Tarbox, who came in 1857. Howard went to California, and his whereabouts is not at present known. Haggard returned to Delhi, Deleware county, Iowa, where he since died.

Nelson Denison was another pioneer, who came in the spring of 1854, and pre-empted east of the village, where he lived some years. His present home in unknown. The immigration that flocked in the following year renders it impossible for us to give in detail the exact date of their settlement. N. S. Newton, Giles Hayward, and many others, followed in 1855. The first marriage in the township was between A. B. Cron and Sarah C. Jewell, July 13, 1856, the ceremony taking place in the rude cabin of her father, surrounded by a tew of the hardy pioneers. John Salmon was the first preacher in the town, services being held at the homes of the settlers. He was followed by a man named Kullerford, who made monthly circuits through the adjoining townships.

Village Of Pine Island

Mr. Jewell took a claim on sec. 32, in April, 1855. The village was platted by William Rock, in the winter of 1856-7, on this land. This plat also included a portion of the land then owned by J. A. Tarbox, on which the village is built. The first house was built by Dr. Carver, a log structure. The first store building was erected by Jacob Wiltse and Mr. Worthing.

The first building erected for hotel purposes, was built in the spring of 1857, by E. Demmon, on lot 2, block 22. It was rented to William P. Hall, but in 1858, Demmon sold to Truman Parker, who has since been its proprietor, excepting a short time he rented it to Mr. Gilbert.

The first school was taught by Thomas McMann, in the summer of 1857. The present school house is built on lots 5, 6, 7 and 8, block 26. It is 26x36, and was built in 1864, at a cost of $3,000.

Religious

This church is the outgrowth of the labors of Rev. Rulliford, who held a camp-meeting in the grove on Mr. Jewell's land in the summer of 1855. Early in the spring of 1856, J. M. Rodgen, organized a church with fifteen members. In 1864, they built a brick church 36x50. Their present membership is one hundred, with J. Barnard, as pastor. L. D. Farrington, H. D. Cornwell, and A. Hamlin, trustees.

In pursuance of a notice previously given, a meeting was called to order by Dr. Wells, of Red Wing, (now Bishop of Wisconsin,) Monday, May 6, 1874, for the purpose of organizing a parish church. W. E. Sargent was elected secretary pro tem. The wardens elected at this meeting were as follows : Giles Hay ward and Daniel Sawyer. Vestrymen : S. S. Worthing, Henry Ahneman, Dr. Charles Hill, A. H. Kellogg, George Page, W. E. Sargent, and Charles Parker. Rev. Charles E. Grover was chosen rector, November 1, 1875. The church has been supplied by Revs. Cornell and Chandler. June 18, 1877, Rev. R. R. Goodey was called as rector, which position he has continuously held up to the present time. May 6, 1874, steps were taken to build a church, and subsequently a frame structure, 26x62, was erected at a cost of $2,800. The present membership is twenty-two. Average attendance at Sabbath School, forty, with S. S. Worthing-, superintendent.

A. F. And A. M. Mystic Tie Lodge No. 37

Present officers: William Warren, W. M. ; Daniel E. Sawyer, S. W.; Jacob Stuckey, J. W. ; Wallace Jewell, secy., and Henry Ahneman, Treas. The lodge is in prosperous circumstances.

Established in the spring of 1856, with John Chancel, postmaster, which position he retained until 1858, when J. A. Tarbox took charge and held it until 1861. McMannis and White held the office until President Johnson's administration, when S. S. Worthing was appointed at the beginning of 1865, serving continuously until 1868, when C. R. White was re-appointed. August, 1876, S. Hagler received the appointment and is the present incumbent.

Pine Island News

This paper was established August 30, 1878, by the "Pine Island News Company." A. M. Hutchinson, editor, It is a newsy sheet, well edited and popular for the time it has been in existence. The paper is an eight column folio sheet, typographically neat, and it is well filled with local and general information. It starts off with a liberal advertising patronage ; is issued on Friday of each week.

We are under obligations to A. H. Kellogg, Esq., clerk of the township, and the editor of the " Pine Island News," for the following catalogue of township officers : (First named supervisor, invariably chairman.)

At the third annual meeting, held April 3, 1860, there were elected : supervisors, Sylvester Dickey, Nelson D. Marble, John Harper ; clerk, H. M. Stanton ; superintendent of schools, Dr. Chas. Hill ; assessor, Win. Krapp ; treasurer, Peter Momany ; justice of the peace, S. S. Worthing; constables, James Pratt, J. D. Eells.

At the fourth annual meeting, held April 2, 1861, there were elected: supervisors, Otis S. Clark, Wm. Mead, Oscar A. Dickey ; clerk, H. M. Stanton; assessor, Calvin P. Clark; treasurer, Peter Momany; justices of the peace, Thomas McManus, Wm. S. Haskins ; constable, Jacob C. Cook; pound master, Truman Parker.

At the fifth annual meeting, held April 1, 1862, there were elected: supervisors, Henry Ahneman, C. C. Robinson, P. S. Fenton ; clerk, Thomas McManus; assessor, Henry Harper; treasurer, Jasper W. Dickey; justices of the peace, Thomas McManus, Peter Momany; constables, J. C. Cook, John Salmon; pound master, Moses Jewell.

At the seventh annual meeting, held April 5, 1864, there were elected : Supervisors, Martin Tarbox, Alexander Freeman, W. E. Nichols ; clerk, Thomas McManus; assessor, H. Ahneman; treasurer, Sylvester Dickey; justices of the peace, Thos. McManus, W. S. Newton; constables, J. C. Cook, H. F. Emery.

At the tenth annual meeting, held April 2, 1867, there were elected: supervisors, Sylvester Dickey, 0. C. Robinson, George W. Hay ward ; clerk, Hervy G. Clark; assessor, Oscar E. Smith; treasurer, J. C. Dickey ; constable, J. C. Cook.

At the fifteenth annual meeting, held March 12, 1872, there were elected : supervisors, Tho. E. Cooper, Henry Degener, Arthur Haunsinger ; clerk, Geo. W. Paige ; treasurer, S. S. Worthing ; assessor, W. C. Crandall; justices of the peace, W. E. Sergeant, Henry Ahneman; constable, L. D. Hart.

At the nineteenth annual meeting, held March 14, 1876, there were elected: supervisors, 0. H. Leavitt, Giles Hay ward, Thomas Halloway ; clerk, A. H. Kellogg ; assessor, Ladd Robie ; treasurer, H. T. Perkins ; justices of the peace, Henry Ahneman, Fletcher Hagler; constables, Henry Tome, Chas. Dickinson.

At the twenty-first annual meeting, held March 12, 1878, there were elected : supervisors, E. L. Swarthout, Geo. Newhouse, Geo. Reinhart ; clerk, A. H. Kellogg ; treasurer, A B. Cron ; assessor, Chas. Edison ; justices of the peace, Fletcher Hagler, Henry Ahneman constables, Henry Tome, H. A. Perkins.

The first settlement was made in Roscoe in 1854 by James Haggard and W. Wilson, both locating claims in section 5. Wilson subsequently returned to his home in the East, but Haggard remained until his shanty was burned, when he returned to Brown county where he still resides. Fletcher Hagler numbers among those of the earliest pioneers of the town, having selected his claim in 1855 on the site of ground where the village of Roscoe now stands, and where he erected the first frame house in this township. He was also the first postmaster appointed, and from this pioneer record removed to Pine Island, where he was enrolled among the number of early pilgrims in that township.

Oliver Webb, a lineal descendant of the pilgrim fathers, came in 1875, and pre-empted on section 18. He is still in the enjoyment of good health, at the age of 74 years. John G. Hepner. the representative blacksmith of Roscoe village, selected his claim in 1856, building his shop the following year, where he still follows his calling.

The Dickinson brothers came in 1856, selecting adjoining claims G. G. McCoy, H. B. Powers, B. W. Halladay, under whose supervision the principal roads of the town were laid out, came soon after. There are many others deserving of record, but their names have passed into obscurity.

The north portion of this township is settled mostly by Norwegians, who have advanced, not only in the cultivation of the soil, but in social, moral and intellectual culture as well. Prominent among them appears Frederick Petersen, who settled in this township in 1863 ; is serving the second term as justice of the peace, and is assessor at the present time. He was elected to the legislature in 1875-6. Among others is Lars Hovland, Erick Johnson and John O. Hanson, the village blacksmith at Roscoe Centre. This people support one church, the Norwegian Synod, a large and commodious edifice, capable of seating 500 persons. The " Kirketidende," a weekly religious periodical, is published by the church authorities. There are eight school houses and one church in this township - mostly parish schools.

The first church organization took place in the school house at Roscoe, in the spring of 1857. The first Sunday School was organized in 1858, and Loren Webb, son of Oliver Webb, was the first superintendent.

In the spring of 1855 Mrs. Haskell Burch, while living in a covered wagon, awaiting the completion of a better habitation, gave birth to twins, being the first natives of the sod to see the light of day in the township.

First school house was erected in 1857. Miss Annette Leek taught the pioneer school, in 1857. Then followed a fine immigration: farms were opened up rapidly, and the township was soon on the highway to prosperity, moral and social advancement, intellectual culture, and the crowning blessings of a rural people - comfortable homes and an abundance of the necessaries of life.

The first town meeting was held May 11, 1858, with the following officers: chairman, Oliver Webb; town clerk, William Sacket ; supervisors, James Mann, N. S. Libby; justices of the peace, Fletcher Hagler, J^mes Mann ; town collector, J. S. Wickham ; assessor, J. T. Mitchell; overseer of the poor, Horace Barber; constables, E. P. Penney, J. R. Good.

The present line of officers are as follows: chairman, C. R. Miller; supervisors, John Larson, Charles Swenson ; town clerk, C. Druse ; assessor, Frederick Peterson ; justices of the peace, 0. Druse, Frederick Peterson ; constable, L. G. Ward.

Among the line of officers that was elected at the first meeting in 1858, was J. T. Mitchell, who came in 1856 and pre-empted the land of his present home, and has always borne a conspicuous part in the interest of the town. He assisted in starting the first school, on the southeast corner of section eleven, better known at the present writing as McCoy's district. This school was first taught by Sophia Blanchard, present wife of John Gove, in the spring of 1858. The fathers of this township are slowly being called to their better home, and their places are quickly filled by the marching flocks of Norwegians, Swedes, and Germans, that swarm to the great American wheat fields of the West.

The township is watered by the Zumbro River, which runs from west to east through the southern tier of sections. The tributaries that water the central and more northern portions of the township are Shield's Creek and Dry Run. The sections along the Zumbro are, or have been, heavily timbered with hard wood, maple, oak, elm, and other deciduous timbers. A number of fine sugar orchards are among the beauties of this section.

Cheery Groye

The first permanent settler in this township was Madison Brown, who located a claim on sec. 31, in the spring of 1854, where he lived until the fall of 1855, when he sold his claim to Silas Merriman, and went to Iowa, where all trace of him has been lost. In Nov., 1854, the Woodward brothers, Reading and Benjamin, came on and selected adjoining claims on sec. 31, where Reading has since made it his home, and is the oldest

These pioneers were followed by others in 1855, but it is impossible to trace them in detail. Among others was a man named Hoyt, who settled in Hoyt's Grove. Isaiah Churchill and some others who have since disappeared. T. B. Haggard, who came in the fall of 1855, is still a resident near Fair Point, to whom the writer is largely indebted for many facts regarding the history of this township. Wilson Kelsey, another living settler, who spent seventy-one days journeying from Fond du Lac Co., Wis., with an ox team in the winter of 1855 and '56. There are others to whom we would gladly give space upon our pages, but the large numbers that followed constantly, render it impossible for us to particularize them. There was considerable strife among the settlers at this time, claims were being jumped and a general feeling of uneasiness pervaded the whole township. In the winter of 1855-56 a claim meeting was called and an organization effected for the protection of the settlers. T. B. Haggard was appointed captain. This force was soon after called together to protect the settlers from the marauding bands that scoured the township.

The first town meeting was held May 11, 1858. The following officers were elected : chairman of the board, Benjamin Woodward ; supervisors, Cyrus H. Burt and David Simpson; town clerk, E. G. Comstock ; assessor, Francis A. Crebb ; overseer of the poor, a tie on the vote and no election ; constables, James Haggard and Peter Stagle ; justices of the peace, John Haggard and F. A. Crebb ; road overseers, Israel T. Comstock and Reading Woodward. James Haggard was appointed collector in May, 1858.

The first marriage in the township was between Elizabeth, daughter of T. B. Haggard, and John Hart, in August, 1857. The first death was Eliza Jane, daughter of T. B. Haggard, who died December 16, 1857.

In 1857 a log school house was built at Cherry Grove, and the first school was taught by E. G. Comstock in the winter of 1857-8. In 1861 this structure was removed and a stone school house erected on the same site. The first church organization was effected in 1856 by the Christian Disciples, the first meeting being held at the house of James Haggard. David Haggard preaching the first sermon, which was followed by meetings held at the homes of the settlers. In an early publication it was reported that a Mr. Gates preached the first sermon in this township, but authentic sources furnish us with facts which prove conclusively the reliability of these records. This people are at this date, 1878, completing a church edifice at Concord, services at present being held at the school houses of Fair Point and Cherry Grove. The first post office was established at Fair Point in 1858. David Haggard was appointed and served as the first post master. That office is now filled by J. H. Kelsey, who, with his brother Byron, repr3sent the principal business of the village in a large store, keeping a general stock of goods. There are also two blacksmith shops in the village. West of the village is the fine structure of the German Lutheran Church erected in 1865. The Catholics are also building a stone church in section 28, near the residence of John Henry. The first post office was established at Spring Creek in 1861. The present post master at this place is J. O. Stranders, who represents the business of the place in a small store, but conducting a prosperous trade.

Among the earliest settlers in this part of the township, is Darius Johnson, who came in the spring of 1856, made his claim on sec. 6, where he has since made it his home. Payington Root came in soon after, and was followed by others, mostly Norwegians. This people have a good church also. This township now supports eight schools and four churches. One of these schools is Norwegian, through which their children pass the early years in learning, when at a more advanced age they are sent to the English college to complete their education. The people of this class are mostly refined, and making rapid headway in the cultivation of the soil and improving the mind.

Ken Yon

As nearly all those who first settled in Kenyon township have disappeared, we have found it very difficult to obtain correct data of the early settlement, hence our sketch must necessarily be brief.

In the next few years the north and west portions of the township were rapidly settled, but the southeast portion was but sparsely settled till within the last few years.

The farming part of the township is settled almost exclusively by Norwegians, while the little village of Kenyon is occupied almost exclusively by Americans.

The first birth was in the family of W. B. Burnham, in the spring of 1857, when a son was born, who was named George. The first marriage was that of Freeman Collamore and Mary A. Bullis, which took place in January, 1858. The first school was taught in the Winter of 1857-'58 by W. S. Bill ; the first religious service was also held by the same gentleman in 1857.

There are two churches in the township: "Gol's" Church, in "Gol's district of the Holden Congregation." It is a stone building, erected on sec.' 5, in 1870, capable of seating 600 people. Rev. B. J. Muus, of Wanamingo, and his assistants, have charge of the district. The " Holden Congregation" has another district with a place of meeting in this township, named " Moland ;" many of the congregation, however, reside in Rice and Dodge counties.

"Kenyon Church," of " Hauges' Synod," is a stone building on section eight, capable of seating 400 people - was built in 1872. The pastor is Rev. O. Hanson, of Wanamingo.

Kenyon Village

In May, 1856, James H. Day and James M. LeDuc claimed the land on which the village now stands. Subsequently, two men, named Howe and Hilton, became part owners of the land, and by these four men the village was laid out and platted. James H. Day built the first residence in June, 1856, and the same summer the village company erected a building which was occupied by Crowley & Baker as a general store in the fall of the same year. Stephen Bullis built the first hotel in March, 1857, and the same year a steam saw mill was erected by the " Town Company."

Kenyon Mill

Located on the north branch of the Zumbro River, about one mile from Kenyon village, was built in 1871, by a man named Gallish, who operated it about three years. It has, since then, changed owners several times, passing through the hands of Crowell & Gallish, D. B. Marble, Mann & Lucas, and came into the possession of the present proprietor, J. A. McReynolds, in November, 1877, who has repaired and improved it and added one run of stone, so that it now has four run of stone.

Biographical Directory

The subject of this sketch, whose portrait appears in this work, was born in Onestad, Sweden, December 23, 1832. His father was a well-to-do farmer, and now resides in the township of Vasa, in this county, and has attained the ripe age of seventy-four years, enjoying good health. Mr. Mattson received his primary education in a high classical school at Christianstad, Sweden. When nearly seventeen years old, he entered the military service as a cadet of artillery. Possessing an adventurous and restless spirit, the quiet garrison life of a solder became monotonous, and at the age of eighteen, he left the service, and was among the first of his countrymen in his native place to emigrate to the United States, arriving in June, 1851. His first two years' experience in obtaining a livelihood in this country were replete with hardships, trials and sufferings, such as few have ever experienced. Not used to toil, and suffering with ill-health, he was reduced to the most abject poverty. But with a determination to surmount all obstacles, he sought and obtained work as a cabin boy in a sailing vessel on our Eastern coast, then as a farm hand in New Hampshire, and afterwards with a shovel on a railroad in Illinois.

Through the kind assistance of friends his second winter in this country was spent in school, where he mastered the English language. In the meantime emigration from Sweden continued to increase, and his own parents and nearest relatives determined to make homes in the New World. He met them in Boston in the summer of 1853; conducting them, together with a large party of his countrymen, to Illinois, stopping at Moline. The object of this party was to find government land on which to settle, and Mr. Mattson, with others, was selected to go to Minnesota and secure a location. After looking about in several directions, they chose the. present township of Vasa, Goodhue county, and removed there in August, 1853. Being the only one of the party who could speak the English language, Mr. Mattson found himself, at the age of twenty, at the head of an important settlement. After struggling with the usual difficulties of a frontier life, he worked his way, by manual labor, to a comfortable position as a pioneer farmer. He married Cherstin Peterson, November 23, 1855. She was born in Ballingslof, Sweden, April 5, 1838, and was a daughter of parents which had lately come to the settlement. The marriage ceremony was performed by Rev. J. W. Hancock, at the residence of the bride's parents, in Vasa, and was the first marriage celebrated in the township, to which nearly all the old settlers were invited. At this time there was not a span of horses in the township, therefore the bridal pair were taken on a wood sledge, drawn by a yoke of cattle, from the home of the bride to that of the bridegroom. During his residence in Vasa, Mr. Mattson took an active part in the organization of the township; was judge of the first election ever held back of Red Wing; organized the first school district; laid out the first road, and officiated as lay reader at the first religious services under the blue sky, on the open prairie, near where Vasa church now stands.

Not content with a quiet farm life, he began speculating in lands, town sites, corner lots and merchandising, until the crisis of 1857, which swept away all his possessions, leaving him several thousand dollars in debt.

At the instigation of Warren Bristol - now judge of New Mexico - then a prominent lawyer in Red Wing, he commenced the study of law with that gentleman, and after one year's close application, was admitted to the bar, and commenced practice with very good success. During his professional studies he was elected city clerk of Red Wing, and on a salary of $150 per year supported himself and young wife. In 1858 he was elected county auditor, and re-elected in 1860, but resigned in 1861, enlisting in the Union Army as Captain of Company D, Third Minnesota Volunteer Infantry; his company being composed of Swedes and Norwegians from Goodhue and Chisago counties. Was promoted to Major in 1862; Lieut. Colonel in 1863, and the following year Colonel of his regiment, which he brought home in October, 1865, after more than four years' honorable service. The following winter he formed a law partnership with C. C. Webster, but in August, 1866, he accepted the position of editor in chief of a prominent Swedish newspaper in Chicago, 111., but did not move his family to that city. In January, 1867, was recalled by Grov. Marshall, of Minnesota, and appointed Secretary of the State Board of Immigration, which position he held for several years, doing the State excellent service in settling the far West with his industrious countrymen. In 1869, was elected Secretary of State, but before his term expired he was appointed land agent of Northern Europe in the interests of the great railroad corporations of which Jay Cook, of Philadelphia, was the head. After remaining over four years in Europe, with his family, in the discharge of the duties assigned him, he returned to Minnesota, and was one of her Presidential electors in 1876, but in the meantime had become connected with large land interests in the northwest part of the State.

He is now a resident of Minneapolis, Minn. , and in addition to his private land affairs, is editor in chief of the " Stats Tidning, ** a prominent Swedish newspaper in that city; also a large owner and general manager of the " Swedish Tribune, " of Chicago, one of the most important foreign and home journals of the United States.

It can be truthfully said of the subject of this sketch, that he has always regarded toil as manly and ennobling; and after passing through an honorable yet checkered life, he is now enjoying the comforts of a happy home

ADAMS, HUGH. The subject of this sketch, whose portrait appears in this work, was born in Franklin county, Pa., June 12, 1827. His parents moved to Licking county, Ohio, where he resided until emigrating to Washington county. Ills. After moving to Maiden Rock, Wis., he came in the fall of 1852, to this city. Married Mary Jandon, Dec. 3, 1869. She was born in Mifflin county, Pa., Jany. 25, 1811. Edward M., Jessie, Nellie and Nettie M., are his children. Mrs. Adams having been previously married, the following are the names of her children: Roland, Raymond, Jennie and Mary.

ANDERSON, A. of the firm of Martinson & Anderson, dealers in hardware, was born in Dane county, Wis., in 1817. Emigrated from native place to Wanamingo township, this county, in 1855, and married Amelia Olson, who died in 1877. Carrie A. is his only child.

ALLYN, J. S. Retired farmer. Born in New London county, Conn., June 16, 1835. Moved to Key West, Florida, in 1855, but returned to native county, coming to this city April, 1856. Married Theressa Gaylord, Jany. 22, 1859. She was born in Lewis county, N. Y., July 12, 1837. Erne A., Nellie S., Pearl R., and John S., jr., are their children.

AKERS, C. N. Attorney. Born in Jacksonville, Ills., Dec. 1, 1819. Came to this county with parents, settling in Cherry Grove township, Oct., 1859. Came to this city March 10, 1875. Received his primary education at district schools in this county, and afterwards attended the University of Wis., graduating in the class of 1871. Commenced the study of law with Hon. John C. McClure, and was admitted to practice July 11, 1876. Became associated with Col. William Colvill in the practice of his profession, April 1, 1877.

ANDERSON, SWANTE. Groceries. Born in Sweden, June 10, 1812. Came to this country in 1866, settling in this city. Married Charlotte W. Johnson, Nov! 29, 1876. She was born in Pepin county, Wis, Emily Henrietta Esther is their only child.

ANDERBERG, J. A. Livery stable. Born in Sweden, Nov. 1, 1841. Emigrated to this city June 4, 1868. Learned the blacksmith trade in Sweden, and worked at his trade in this county until commencing his present business in March, 1875. Married Caroline A. Bergen, April 5, 1872. She was born in Avon, Rock county, Wis., May 6, 1853. Johanna Creelia, born March 6, 1873, and died June 24, 1874. John Antone Theodore, born March 20, 1875. Ada Johanna Matilda, born Nov. 23, 1877, are the names and births of his children.

ASHELMAN, J. B. Harness manufacturing. Born in Luzern county, Pa., December 29, 1832. Married Elizabeth J. Dickson, January 1, 1857. She was born in Northumberland county, Pa., September 23, 1835. Mr. Ashelman established his present business in 1875, and in November 20, 1876, A. Gr. Skoglund became partner with him, and the business has since been conducted under the firm name of Ashelman & Skoglund. They are the only firm in the city who manufacture awnings, carriage trimmings and tents. They are located on Plum street, nearly opposte the DeBatlo House.

ARMSTRONG, H. F. Deputy Sheriff. Born in Steuben county, N. Y., November 28, 1833. Moved, with parents, to Wayne county, Mich., in 1849. Came to this city October, 1855, where he married Hattie E. Welden, April 12, 1864. She was born in the State of New York. Fred R. is their only child.

ALLEY, Et H., dealer in agricultural implements. Born in Lincoln county, Maine, Aug. 10, 1827. Moved to China, Kennebec county, Maine, where he married Ann H. Bragg, Oct., 1851. She was born in Kennebec county, Maine, April 30, 1830. He immigrated to Red Wing, April 16, 1857, and engaged in the agricultural trade in 1861, continuing the same on his own account until 1873, when he entered into partnership with Charles Betcher, but this firm was dissolved, and in 1876 he became associated with P. M. Jensen, in the same business.

ALLEN, ARLAND H., book-keeper for Wilkinson & Hodgman. 13orn in Norway, Sept. 28, 1846. Immigrated to this country, settling in Wisconsin in 1847. Moved to Iowa, where he enlisted in the Seventh Iowa Cavalry. Married' Louesa Noble, Jan. 13, 1872. Came to this county, Feb. 22, 1872. She was bom in Illinois, Aug. 16, 1848.

AUSTIN, GEORGE, was born in Kenebec county, Maine, Nov. 26, 1838. In 1857, he went to Lewiston, where he was engaged in a cotton factory until 1859, when he went to Haverhill, Mass., and worked in a shoe shop until June 26, 1861, when he enlisted in Company I, 12th Massachusetts Vol. Inf., and participated in the battles of Cedar Mountain, Wilderness, Antietam, Gettysburg and many others, and was honorably discharged June 26, 1864. He then returned to Haverhill and remained until the summer of 1866, and went to Brunswick, N. J., thence the following year to Philadelphia, thence in 1868 to Binghampton, N. Y., thence to Chicago, thence to St. Peter, Minn., where he established a boot and shoe manufactory, which he sold to Lanz and Randall, and went to St. Paul, where he was engaged as foreman for Johnson & Mason, boot and shoe manufacturers, until 1875, when he came to Red Wing, and has since occupied the position of foreman in the manufacturing department of Sterling & Co.'s boot and shoe manufactory of this city.

BROOKS, E. W. General Agent for McCormick's reapers, harvesters, and self binders. Born in Loraine county, Ohio, Sept. 28, 1825. Moved to Cleveland, Ohio, in 1851, and to this county, June 16, 1864, at which time he commenced his present business. Married Harriett Patterson, Nov. 12, 1851. She was born in Berkshire county, Mass. Louise L. and Edward D., are his children.

BETCHER, CHARLES, is a native of Prussia, born January 31, 1830. He attended the common and academical schools of the old country, and there acquired those fundamental lessons that eventually ripened into a liberal knowledge of the practical affairs of life. He immigrated to the United States in 1849, settling in Rochester, New York, remaining there for a time, thence removing to Wayne county, that State, and in 1855, from there to Winona, Minnesota, where he immediately engaged in the hardware business, and that year opened a branch house at Red Wing. In May, 1856, he located in the latter place, where he has since continued to reside. October 8, 1857, he was united in marriage to Miss Margaret Gowthrup, who was born in Wayne county, New York. Helen, Charles A., and Margaret, are their living children, and they have buried two, Willie G., and Herminie. Since his settlement in Red Wing, Mr. Betcher has been identified with almost every public measure pertaining to her growth and prosperity. He has steadily pushed ahead in his special avocations, and saw his efforts crowned with success. In company with Henry Brown, Esq., he is carrying on a heavy hardware trade, their stock and salesrooms being the largest in the city. In addition, he operates by himself large lumber manufacturing interests, extensive lumber yards, owns farms in Minnesota and broad tracts of choice hard-wood timber lands in Wisconsin. Mr. Betcher is a cautious but energetic business man, of good executive ability, and thoroughly at home in the intricate details of the various branches of business that demand his attention.

Charles Betcher 'S Residence

On the plateau overlooking the city, in a westerly direction from its business centre, stands Mr. Betcher's handsome new residence. It was begun in 1876, and completed in the summer of 1878. The location is one of the most picturesque and attractive to be met with in this part of the State. It commands a magnificent view of the bold bluffs that fringe the border of another State, and a long sweep of the great river and the intervening valley. To the south, half encircling it, is a grand ampihtheatre of cliffs, dotted with timber, grass lauds and cultivated fields. The building is of brick, three stories above a basement of cut stone, constructed in the most substantial manner, and of an unique and highly attractive style of architecture. It is finished and furnished in a manner appropriate to such an enterprise. There are two main entrances, one opening out to the east and the other on the north side, each with two sets of heavy oak doors and black walnut trimmings. On the first floor is the elegant drawing room, 17x24 feet, containing a mantle of beautiful Italian statuary marble, as pure and white as the driven snow. A large French plate mirror with firegilt and ebony mountings is another adornment. Pictures from Venice and Rome, and malachite from Russia, grace the apartment. Separated from the drawing room by the hall leading in from the north, is the library, with its catalogue of choice books, curiosities and costly fixtures. Double sliding doors separate those apartments. From the library a door opens out into the sitting room, thence into the eastern hall. On the right of this hall is the sitting room and library, and on the left the dining room and conservatory, complete in all their appointments. This floor yet contains the kitchen, and in it one of Warren's improved ranges veneered with brick, together with a large water-heater, supplied by a pipe connected with a tank in the upper story. By a system of pipes attached to a large force pump, hot and cold water is conveyed to the first and second floors as required. This pump, having its location in the kitchen, is connected by a pipe with two cisterns in the basement, holding each about four hundred barrels of water. Kitchen, pantry, bath room, closets, bedroom, and all the various apartments on this floor, are finished and furnished admirably, and are arranged with an eye to convenience, health and social comfort.

On the second floor, in the eastern portion of the building, is the elaborate suit of rooms occupied by the eldest daughter. They consist of a sitting room, dressing room - finished in colors of pink - painting, carpeting and all to correspond - and sleeping apartment. From the sitting room a beautiful view of the city is obtained, looking out through a large bay triset-window, which is directly above, and an exact copy of the one on the first floor. These rooms are tastefully finished, light and cheerful, and the many delicate and graceful fixtures are in perfect keeping. On this same side of the building, but in the southern portion, is the apartment occupied as a sleeping room by the son, and on the same floor is another fine room, elegantly furnished, the bedroom and boudoir of the younger daughter. Directly over the drawing room, and of corresponding dimensions, is the "blue room," finished and furnished with that soft, delicate tint that can only be rivaled by nature in the cerulean blue of the sky. Rooms for domestics, bath rooms, closets and all the appropriate apartments, with water and gas, together with the necessary appurtenances, are on this floor.

The apartments on the third floor are one large room for billiard hall or social gatherings, bed room, and others. These rooms are light and cheer- fnl, and from the various windows a grand view of the city and a wide sweep of the surrounding country is obtained. The house is lighted with gass, and supplied with soft water thoroughly filtered and rendered as pure as the dews of the morning. From the observatory a marvelous scene is presented; the wooded bluffs on the Wisconsin side, dotted with fields, farm houses and grass lands; the dark river creeping lazily along on its winding way to the lower country; the broad valley, with its alternate belts of timber and prairie, with lakes and ponds intervening; the beautiful city, with its great mills and business blocks, and churches, and fine school buildings, and elegant homes, and joyous activity; and finally the charming view on the south and west, - make up a panorama in nature, combining at once the grand, the sublime, and the beautiful.

In the basement is located the great furnace for heating the various apartments. Pipes radiate to all parts of the house through which steam is conveyed from the heated fountain. The basement is divided into a laundry room, where a small furnace is established to facilitate that branch of domestic duty, a wood room, a coal room, the furnace room and other useful apartments. Connected with, but beyond the outer walls of this apartment are the two large cisterns, holding eight hundred barrels of water.

The house enjoys a happy combination of the useful and the beautiful. It is a well-lighted, ventilated, convenient and cheerful home. Every thing pertaining to its construction is substantial, heavy, rich and elegant, but not gaudy. The fixtures are in keeping with the elaborate workmanship that adorns the interior. When the finishing touches shall have been applied to the building and its immediate surroundings, it will embody the elements of taste and refinement.

BENDER, CHRISTIAN, pastor of St. John's Church, (German Lutheran,) Red Wing. Born in Germany, Sept. 11, 1838; attended school in his native country, through the different grades, until 22 years of age, when he entered the Mission College at Basel, Switzerland, and, after an attendance of five years, he graduated in 1866, and immediately entered upon his duties as a minister of the gospel, at Wittinburg, where he remained until the autumn of 1867. He then came to this country, and after stopping a few weeks in Minneapolis, came to this place, where he accepted the pastorate of this church, delivering his introductory discourse on the first Sunday in December of that year, and has been in charge ever since. He also has charge of St. John's Church, in Frontenac, and Grace Church, in the town ot Goodhue, and has exclusive charge of the Lutheran school taught in his church here. He is a member of the Lutheran Synod of Minnesota. He was married in October, 1868, to Christina Dickhudt, who was born in Quncy, 111., March 7, 1850. They have five children, Lydia, Christian, Anna, Christina and Freda. Mrs. B. is also a member of the Lutheran Church.

BALDWIN, D WIGHT M., collection agency. Born in New Haven county, Connecticut, August 25, 1836. Moved to Fairfield county, Conn., in 184.4. Emigrated to Red Wing, April, 1862. Married Susan C. Holmes, September, 1860. She was born in Fairfield county, Connecticut. Alfred and Sidney are his living children. Harrison, born March 6, 1863; and employed as brakeman on the Milwaukee and St. Paul Railroad, was killed by railroad accident at Lake City, June 5, 1878.

BRUSENGARD, THOMAS, book-keeper and salesman with C. Clauson Born in Sogndal, Sogn, Norway, March 8, 1855, and was confirmed in the Stedje Evangelical Lutheran Church, Norway, June 19, 1870. Emigrated with parents to this city, Sept. 16, 1872, where he attended the public school in this city for six months. After working on a farm he was engaged as brakeman on the C. M. and St. P. R. R. Commenced his present business March 1, 1876, continuing the same until the present time. His parents and three sisters are residents of this city.

BLOOD, E. J., proprietor St. James Hotel. Born in Mackinaw, Mich., April 16, 1847; moved to Green Bay, Wis., with parents in 1848; thence to Appleton, Wis., in 1851. Married Laura A. Washburne, Sept. 16, 1867. She was born in St. Lawrence, Essex county, N. Y., February 22, 1846. Emigrated to Lawrence, Kansas, in 1869, where he engaged in business, and in 1871, went to Wichita, Kan., opening the Harris House; thence to Oshkosh, Wis., and was proprietor of the Beck with House. Came to this city, opening the St. James' Hotel in 1875.

August 4, 1832. Emigrated to this country in 1855, settling in the State of New York. Came to this county, settling in Belvidere township, February 26, 1859, and the same year came to this city, and was proprietor of the Franklin House. In 1860, took charge of the Goodhue House, and opened his present hotel October, 1874. Married Mary Wagoner, October 22, 1856. She was born in Luxemburg, Germany. Joseph P., and Charles M., are their children.

BIXBY, BRADFORD W., (deceased.) Born in Coopers Plains, Steuben county, N. Y., 1830. Married Susan J. Clark, October 27, 1853. She was born in Eastport, Maine, October 25, 1826; came to this county July 4, 1861, commencing business in 1862. Tarns, born Dec. 12, 1854, and George, born September 22, 1858, are the names and births of their children.

BAL ANGER, CLIFFORD. Dry goods. Born in Canada, March 18, 1858. Emigrated to this country in 1850, settling in Green Bay, Wis. ; thence to Winona, Minn. , in 1872. Came to this county in 1873, commencing his business at that time. Married Lizzie Joannes, December 13, 1876. She was born in Brussels, Belgium, February 20, 1852.

BOHMBACH, JOHN, dealer in groceries. Born in Germany March 7, 1827. Married Mary Burfend in 1819. She was born in Germany. They emigrated to this country in 1851, settling in Ohio; thence to this county in May, 1855, settling in Belvidere township, on section 6. Came to this city in 1866, establishing his present business in 1876. Has five children.

BRINE, CHARLES R., contractor and builder. Born in Oxford, Warren county, N. Y., April 12, 1831. Moved to Philadelphia, Pa., in 1817, thence to Chicago, in 1819, but -returned to New York City. Came to this city May 17, 1855. Enlisted in Co.'F, 6th Minn. V. I., serving three years. Married Lucinda Hill Nov. 26, 1860. She was born in Hudson, Hillsboro county, N. H., August 14, 1838. Jennie Matilda, Loui Ella, Mary Etta, are their living children. Frank, Edgar and Katie, deceased.

BERG, M. H., merchant tailor. Born in Norway, in 1817. Emigrated to this country, settling in Illinois, 1870. Came to this county soon after, and engaged in his present business July, 1877. Married Mary Olson in 1873. She was born in Norway. Marvin and Bergina are his children.

BOXRUD, BROS., merchants, 50 Plum Street. Anton H., born in Norway, August 28, 1819. Emigrated to this city in 1864, and commenced clerking in 1866. Bought an interest in a dry goods store in 1872, his brother buying the remaining interest in 1875.

B0UMBACH, HENRY, saloon. Born in Germany in 1823. Emigrated to this country in 1849, settling in the State of New York. ' Came to this county May 5, 1855, settling in Hay Creek township on section 32. Moved to this city in 1875. Enlisted in 2d Minn. V. I., and honorably discharged. Married Lesa Frederick in 1848. She was born in Germany.

BROWN, HENRY, dealer in hardware. Born in Ulster county, N. Y., February 14, 1837. Immigrated to La Fayette county, Wis., with parents, in 1852. Thence in 1855 to Winona county, Minn., and came to this city in 1863, going into partnership with Charles Betcher, January 1, 1875. Married Lizzie L. Elder, December 18, 1871. She was born in McGregor, Iowa, February 15, 1852. Fred L. and Harry M. are their children.

BRUCE, HEZEKIAH, retired farmer. Born in Washington county, Vt., Nov. 4, 1832. Immigrated to this county, settling in Goodhue township, May 1860. Married Emma M. Saunderson, Nov. 6, 1866. She was born in Winchester, Mass., February 14, 1817. They moved to this city in 1875, where they have maintained a continued residence. Ethel M. and Howard M., are their children.

BERGLUND, ROBERT was born in Sweden, June 9, 1845, came to America in 1867, and settled in this city, where he has since resided; married Caroline Peterson in February, 1872. Their children are, Matilda C, Anna L. and Leoni F. The family are members of the Swedish Evangelical Lutheran Church.

Mr. B. learned the trade of stone mason in the old country, and for five years after coming to this city, worked in the employ of Mr. Carlson, but since that time has been quite successful as contractor and builder and dealer in stone, lime, etc. Being the owner of extensive stone quarries in the eastern part of the city, he intends, in a few months, to establish a depot in his new stone building on Bush street, for the sale of lime, plaster, hair, cement, &c. See further in history of industries of Red Wing.

BOOTH, C. H., was born in Berlin, Conn., February 19, 1848. In 1855 he moved with his parents to Milwaukee, Wis., where he was engaged a number of years in the employ of H. Booth & Sons, tanners and curriers, of that city. In Nov., 1875, he came to this city, and has since been in the employ of the "Red Wing Mill Company." Married Louisa McNamara, Nov. 1, 1875. She was born in Milwaukee, and is the daughter of Dr. Francis S. McNamara of that city. They have one son named Francis H.

BUSCH, CHARLES, was born in Prussia, April 27, 1844; came to America in 1867, settling in Winona, in this State, where he remained until 1877, and moved to this city, he has since been in the employ of the Red Wing Mill Company, as millwright, having learned this trade in the old country. Married Wilhelmina Rackon, in Winona, in 1868; she is a native of Prussia. Their children are Bertha, Frank, Minnie and Lucy.

COOK, JACOB, (deceased.) The subject of this sketch was born in Freedom, Cattaraugus county, N. Y., March 13, 1825, and died in this city July 28, 1878. He married in Pine Island township, this county, Caroline Maze, April 6, 1865. She was born in Albany, N. Y., April 6, 1848. Mr. Cook was a member of the Order of Odd Fellows, a man of sterling worth, and beloved by all who knew him. Mrs. Cook is a resident of this city, and speaks highly of the kindness and generosity of the members of Odd Fellowship during her bereavement. Allen C. and Ralph Elmer are their living children.

CHAFFEE, SAMUEL,(deceased,) born in Endfield, Conn., in 1801; married Mariah Van Dyke, Nov. 19, 1828. She was born in Schenectady, N. Y., Aug. 2, 1802. They emigrated to this county in August, 1856, where Mr. Chaffee died, August 9, 1856.

CROSS, WILLIAM F., dealer in ice; born in Hanover, N. H., March 15, 1833; moved from native State to Washington county, Vt., in 1840; thence to Brandon, Vt., in 1852, where he married Mary Adelade Meacham, June, 1856. She was born in Brandon, Vt., Oct., 1837. Mr. Cross returned to Washington county in 1856, and the same fall emigrated to Prescott, Pierce county, Wis., and came to this county, settling in Red Wing Oct., 1859. Enlisted in Company E, 3d Minnesota Vol. Inf. in 1861; discharged Aug. 1862, and in June, 1863, commissioned 2d Lieut., Company A, Hatch's Battalion Cavalry; serving three years.

CARLSON, FRANK A. Groceries. Born in Sweden, Aug. 12, 1843; emigrated to this county in 1854, settling in Vasa township, where he married Signild Turner, May 9, 1866. She was born in Sweden, Jan. 19, 1848. Mr. C. came to this city in the fall of 1876, commencing his business in December of that year. Mr. Carlson enlisted in 3d Minn. Vol. Inf., Company D; serving to the close of the war. Rosa A., Algodt B., Minnie M., Anna M. and Harry are their children.

CLAUSON, C, dealer in dry goods. Born in Roraas, Norway, December 6, 1832. Emigrated to America in 1853, settling in Memphis, Tenn. Came to this city April 17, 1863. Has been identified with the business interests of this city for many years, and is now the vice president of the Goodhue County Bank.

COLVILL, WILLIAM, attorney at law, was born April 5, 1830, at Forestville, Chautauqua county, N. Y. Educated in the common school of his native place, and at Fredonia Academy. Studied law at Forestville, and afterwards at Buffalo, N. Y., and admitted to practice in April, 1851. Emigrated to this county, settling in Red Wing, in April, 1854. In 1861, he raised the Goodhue County Volunteers, and was mustered in with it as its Captain in the " First Infantry," April 28, 1861, serving with it until mustered out, in May, 1864, having been raised through the intermediate grades to be its Colonel in May, 1863. Was mustered in Colonel of the First Heavy Artillery, in May, 1865, and breveted Brigadier General. Mustered out in July, 1865. He was married in 1867 to Elizabeth Morgan, of Trenton, New York.

CRARY, G. H., dentist. Born in St. Lawrence county, N. Y., September 24, 1840. Moved to Mai one, Franklin county, N. Y., in the spring of 1860. Graduated at Pennsylvania College of Dental Surgery, Philadelphia. Married Kate Cooper, April 8, 1861. She was born in Coopersville, Clinton county, N. Y., February 24, 1840, and died August 16, 1874. Mr. Crary emigrated to Minneapolis in 1866. Georgie K. and Lillian are his children.

CRARY, W. H., dentist. Born in Potsdam, St. Lawrence county, N. Y., April 19, 1846. Moved to Franklin county in 1860, where he received his primary dental education, and March 1, 1866, graduated at the Pennsylvania College of Dental Surgery, Philadelphia. Practiced his profession in Malone, Franklin county, N. Y., eight years. In the fall of 1874, came to this city, going into business with his brother. Married Mary S. Sabin, June 17, 1869. Florence M. is his only child.

CHRIST, JACOB, proprietor Red Wing brewery. Born in Wyoming county, N. Y., Nov., 1, 1838. Married Catharine Koerner, March 4, 1866. She was born in Germany, and died February 11, 1871. Emigrated to Red Wing May, 1859, and enlisted in Co. G, 7th Minn. V. I., August 15, 1862. Honorably discharged August 16, 1865. Married Mrs. Christiana Hoffman August 23, 1871. She was born in Germany.

CHARLES, EARNEST A., born in Ireland in 1820; emigrated to' Canada with parents in 1824, where he married, and after residing in Huntingdon, Canada, emigrated to Sibley county, Minn., in 1858; came to this county in 1867. Mrs. S. E. Charles was born in Gilmantown, N. H., in 1833, and after coming to this city with her husband, engaged in the millinery trade, and now owns a large stock of goods in a store on Third street. Herbert A. and Eliza are their children.

C0GEL, C, retired farmer. Born in Lancaster county, Pa., August 26, 1822; moved, with parents, to Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1830, and on June 20, 1856, came to this city, and in company with Mr. Blakely built the first sash factory in the county. Married Julia A. Miller, who was born in New Jersey, January 23, 1849. Elizabeth A., George F. and Clara A. are his children.

CHAFFEE, S. W., contractor and builder. Born in Endfield, Conn., March 21, 1830. Married Almira Phelps, Sept. 2, 1852; she was born at Warehouse Point, Hartford county, Conn., Sept. 13, 1831. They emigrated to this county in the fall of 1857, settling in Red Wing. Hattie A. is their only living child. Charles Gilbert and Alice Elizabeth, deceased.

CULBERTS0N, JOSEPH, (deceased.) Born in Pennsylvania, May 24, 1824, and died in this county June 8, 1876. Married Sarah Jones Oct. 15, 1854; she was born in England Aug. 30, 1833. Mr. Culbertson moved from his native county to Whiteside county, 111. ; thence to Red Wing in 1855. John S., Margaret S., Fred M., Mariah J., Mary A. and Henry M. are the names of their children.

CARPENTER, P. P., manufacturer of brooms. Born in Westminster, Windsor county, Vt., Nov. 26, 1817. Moved to Watertown, N. Y., in 1838, where he married Esther Wheeler, March 29, 1842; she was born in Watertown, Jefferson county, N. Y. Mrs. C. died Aug. 15, 1863. In the fall of 1838, Mr. Carpenter participated in the expedition against Canada, where he was taken prisoner, but subsequently released. Emigrated to this city in October, 1865, establishing his present business in April, 1878.

CHANDLER, MARTIN S., Sheriff of Goodhue county, was born in Chatauqua county, N. Y., Feb. 14, 1824. In 1856 he came to this county and preempted a farm in Pine Island township, on which he labored successfully for two years. Soon after settling in Pine Island he was elected county commissioner, which office he held until Jan. 1. 1858. In the fall of 1857 he was elected sheriff, and upon assuming the duties of his office removed to Red Wing, where he has since resided. Mr. C. 's popularity and ability as a public officer can be expressed in no better way than by stating the fact that he has been re-elected sheriff at each succeeding election to the present time, and is now a nominee for the same office without an opposing candidate. He was also presidential elector in 1872. Married Fannie F. Caldwell, who is the second daughter of William and Electa Caldwell, Feb. 14, 1849; she was born in Steuben county, 1ST. Y., Oct. 2, 1830. They have one daughter, Florence C, now Mrs. Kellogg, who was born Sept. 23, 1850.

DE KAY, W. W., was born in Orange county, N. Y., August 23, 1831. He emigrated from his native county to this city in April, 1854, where he married Ellen I. 0*Reiley in November, 1862; she was born in Canada. Mr. DeKay has continuously resided in this city since his first coming here in 1854, and the publishers of this work are largely indebted to him for facts relative to the settling of the county. He went out in defence of his country in the war of the rebellion as 2d Lieutenant of Company E, 3d Regiment Vol. Inf. Oct. 23, 1861; was promoted 1st Lieutenant Dec. 1, 1862, Captain Feb. 11, 1864, but resigned Jan. 9, 1865. Maggie, William, Edwin, Cornelia and Mary are his children.

DAY, JAMES W., proprietor of Red Wing ferry. Born in Martinsburg, Berkeley county, Va., June 24, 1839. Emigrated to this city May, 1855. Enlisted in the 1st Minn. V. I., in 1861; re-enlisted in the 3d Infantry the same year, and veteraned in the fall of 1864. Honorably discharged September 1865. Married Angeline Caniff, March, 1866. She was born in Schoharrie county, N. Y. Millicent B., James W., Sarah and Harry D., are their children.

DAY, JOHN, born in Carlisle, Pa., July 11, 1819. When very young, his parents moved to Martinsburg, Berkeley county, Va., from which place in 1827, he went to Todd county, Ky. In 1828, he emigrated to Warren county, Ills., but returned to his home in Virginia, in 1810. Soon after, he again came west, settling in Lee county, Iowa. Married Sarah Shores, May 24, 1841. She was born in Christian county, Ky., April 1, 1815. They moved to Warren county, Ills., thence to Jo Daviess county, Ills., and to Grant and Iowa counties, Wis. Moved to Diamond Bluff, Wis , and in June 14, 1852, settled in this city. James L., Elizabeth B., Margaret S., John A., Mary, Sarah E., William H. and Charles B., are their children, four of whom are living. Mrs. Day being a widow when marmarried to John Day, has a daughter named Belle, who is now wife of a Mr. Coulter, living at Trenton, Wis.

DAVIS, CHARLES L. Born in Chester, Windsor county, Vermont, August 23, 1833. Was educated in the public schools and at Chester Academy. The 1st of May, 1851, went to Keene, N. H., and was apprenticed to J. W. Prentiss & Co., of the New Hampshire Sentinel, staying there until .the spring of 1853, when he went to Boston, Mass., and was employed on the Boston Journal, Boston Traveler, and in the book office of Demrell & Moore. In 1857 he came west, stopping the first year in Chicago, and came to Red Wing Nov. 26, 1858, and went into partnership with Gen. L. F. Hubbard, in the publication of the Red Wing Republican, afterwards the Goodhue County Republican. Sold to Gen. Hubbard in 1861, and bought the whole office again in the spring of 1862. August 16th, 1862, was commissioned by Gov. Ramsey Second Lieutenant, mustered into the United States service, came to Red Wing, and assisted in raising what was afterwards Co. D, 10th Regiment Minnesota Volunteers. On the formation of the company, was elected First Lieutenant. Was promoted to Captain in 1864, at St. Louis, Mo. Was honorably discharged from the service August 19th, 1865. Came to Red Wing and resumed the publication of the Republican in connection with Gen. Hubbard, Mr. Peake, and Maj. Wm. R. Snider. In 1868, sold his interest to Maj. Snider, and in 1869, bought the Red Wing Argus from the Argus Printing Company, which paper he has continued to publish ever since.

Mr. Davis was married Nov. 1, 1864, to Mary Elizabeth, daughter of Hon. Chris. Graham. She died July 20th, 1876. Sept. 24th, 1878, Mr. Davis was again married to Miss Agnes C. Norton, daughter of Wm. H. Norton, of Red Wing.

DENSMORE, ORIN, superintendent of lumber department of Red Wing Mills. Born at Emerald Grove, Rock county, Wis., August 6, 1848. Emigrated to Red Wing, April, 1857, and was employed by Cogel & Betcher from December, 1867, to 1873. Engaged in his present business April 1, 1874. Married Emma T. Phillips. She was born in Constf.ntine, Michigan, August 28, 1848.

DIEPENBROCK, JOHN ti. Dry goods, clothing, boots and shoes. Born in Holland, Oct. 14, 1817. Emigrated to this country in 1812, settling in Virginia; thence to St. Louis, Mo., where he resided 28 years. Married Adelite Hildebrand in 1811. She was born in the kingdom of Hanover, 1826. They came to this county May 10, 1860, at which time he commenced his business. George, Henry and William are their children.

Moved to Boston, and from thence came to this county in 1856. Married in Albion, N. Y., Julia Jones, in 1866. She was born in Rutland county, Vt. Mr. D. sells the El ward Harvester, Wood's reapers and mowers, Morgan & Co. reapers and mowers, Minnesota Chief threshers and F. K. Orvis' plows.

DANFORTH, WILLIAM, county surveyor. Born in Merrimack county, N. H., May 2, 1823. In 1813 moved to Massachusetts, and the following year was employed by the Northern N. H. R. R. ; thence in 1850 to the Champlain and St. Lawrence R. R. in Canada; in 1852 to the Great Western R. R. ; thence in 1851 to the Marietta and Cincinnati R. R. ; thence to the Grank Trunk R. R. in 1855; thence in the fall of 1856 to the Coburg and Petersboro R. R., Canada, and connected with the Grand Trunk R. R. from 1851 to 1859, when he returned to Vermont, where he was engaged in the preliminary survey of railroads until 1862, when he was commissioned Captain of Company K, 16th Vermont Vol. Inf. in 1862. In 1861 went to Colorado, returning in 1868; came to Minnesota, where he was engaged by the Milwaukee and St. Paul R. R on the river division from 1870 to 1871. Came to this city in 1870. Married Lucia A. Nichols, April 30, 1857. She was born in Wethersfield, Windsor county, Vt., May 5, 1828. William, jr. and Lucia E. are their children.

DANIELS, PETER, dealer in lumber, lath and shingles. Born in Nelson, Madison county, N. Y., Nov. 5, 1807. Married Mary A. Cummings, Feb. 12, 1817. She was born in Warren, Herkimer county, N. Y. Emigrated from native county to Red Wing, Jan. 1, 1857, and built the Red Wing Mills. His family came here and made a permanent settlement in April, 1868. Mary and Louisa are his children.

DANIEL80N, A., dealer in lime. Born in Sweden, August 18, 1833. Ernigrated to this country in 1855, settling in Grand Rapids, Wood county, Wis. Came to this county July, 1856; settling in this city. Married Enget Swanson, February 7, 1860. She was born in Sweden, July 6, 1833. Nannie A., Arthur D., Carrie E. and Mary are his children. Henry Swanson is an adopted child.

DRUSE, E. H., P. 0. clerk. Born in Belvidere, Boone county, 111., Dec. 6, 1839. Came to this county Nov. 10, 1856. Enlisted in Co. A, 5th Minnesota Vol. Inf. Dec. 19, 1861; was wounded at Nashville, Tenn., Dec. 16, 1861, from which cause his leg was amputated the following day. Married Mary E. Gilbert, Oct. 19, 1875. She was born in New York, May 26, 1819. Bessie May is their only child.

EAMES, OBEDIAH, farmer and manufacturer of staves, heading, &c. P. 0. Red Wing. Born in Oneida county, N. Y., in 1823, and emigrated with parents to Clark county, Ohio, in 1830, where they lived until 1836, when they moved to Warren, now Henderson county, where his father is still living at the age of 88 years. In 1851 the subject of this sketch married Mary A. Bigelow. She was born m Oswego county, N. Y., in 1827. He came to this county in the spring of 1851, and built or purchased a steamer and for twelve years followed life on the Mississippi, engaging principally in towing. In 1866 he purchased his present estate of 610 acres, upon which he settled, where he has since made his home. Has a cooperage manufactory at Red Wing, and is one of the directors and vice president of the Mill Company, at that city, and one of the early pioneers of this count}-. Thadeus, Clara, Olevia, Jessie, Harry, Paul, and Blanch, are their living children.

ERICKS0N, C. A., manufacturer of wagons. Born in Sweden, Dec. 25, 1811. Emigrated to this city in 1857, where he enlisted in Company H, 5th Minnesota Vol. Inf., March 25, 1862. He was wounded in the right breast at the battle of Nashville, Tenn., Dec. 15, 1861; re-enlisted March 28, 1861; honorably discharged Sept. 6, 1865. Married Augusta Forse, July 6, 1873. She was born in Sweden, Oct. 11, 1852. Hellen'S., born May 5, 1871; Wilhemma C, Feb. 11, 1876; Charles Earnest, Sept. 30, 1877, are the names and births of his children.

ENZ, J. F., dealer in groceries, South Park street. Born in Switzerland, Oct. 15, 1830. Emigrated to this country in 1836; settling in Galena, 111., and in 1811, moved to Potosi, Wis., thence in 1811, to Dubuque, Iowa; attended school in Platteville, Wis., two years. Returned to Galena in 1850, and came to this county April 22, 1855; settling in Red Wing. Married Mary F. Wright, Oct. 30, 1855. She was born in Harden county, Ky., Dec. 12, 1831. Eliza S., Nellie M., George T., and James Edward, are their living children. Bertha, deceased.

EAMES, H. T., meat market. Born in Illinois, October 27, 1852. Came to this county, settling in Wacoota, in 1855; in 1865, moved to Hay Creek Township, and came to this city, organizing his present business March 1, 1876. Married Hattie Cox, October 17, 1877. She was born in Burlington, Iowa, April 11, 1853.

FREDERICK, JOHN M., of the firm of Frederick & Hack; was born in Wurtemburg, Germany, February 21, 1810. On his arrival in America, he went to Milwaukee and remained about three months, but in the fall of that year came to Red Wing, where he remained but a short time; and went to Wacoota, and was in the employ of Mr. Bullard two years; he then returned to this city, and has since resided here. Married Charlotte Kempe, June 5, 1861. She was born in Sweden, Nov. 27, 1811.

FOOT, S.B., manufacturer and wholesale dealer in boots and shoes; born in New Millford, Susquehanna county, Pa., in 1831. In 1814, moved to Wayne county, Pa., where he resided nine years, and where he received his primary education. Moved to San Antonio, Texas, in 1853, and in following June, returned to Wayne county, Pa. Emigrated to this city, September, 1855, where he married L. Lorana Park, July 6, 1858. She was born in Montrose, Pa., August 19, 1836. Ezra P. is their only child.

FIFIELD, M. C, restaurant and confectioner. Born in Chautauqua county, N. Y., July 18, 1836. Moved with parents to Washington county, Mich., in 1839. Emigrated to Minnesota in the spring of 1853, coming to this county in October of the same year. Married Ervetta Drumm, October 13, 1850. She was born in Dutchess county, N. Y. Hattie, Grace E., Althea M., James E., are their children.

FIELD, F. S., proprietor of National Hotel. Born in Addison county, Vt., Oct. 16, 1810. Moved to Burlington, Vt., in 1851; thence to St. Albans, Vt., in 1855, and emigrated to this State, settling in St. Charles, in 1865. Came to this city in 1873. Married Rachel A. Chandler, in Burlington, Vt., Dec. 2, 1863. She was born in Fairfield, Franklin county, Vt., Feb. 10, 1811.

FEATHERSTONE, WILLIAM, retired farmer. Born in Yorkshire, England, Feb. 12, 1815. Married Catura Coverdale, Sept. 1831. She was born in Yorkshire, England. The subject of this sketch moved to Lower Canada in 1830, removing to what is now Lake county, Ohio; thence to Paynesville, Erie county, Pa., and after four years' residence there, moved to Painesville, Ohio. Two years thereafter he returned to Canada, coming from there to this county in April, 1856, settling in Featherstone township, which now bears his name.

GLARDON, P. F., superintendent of 0. Eames' cooper shops. Born in France, Sept. 6, 1820. Came to this country with parents in 1831; settling in Butler county, Ohio; thence to Wisconsin, opposite this city, Nov., 1865, and to Red Wing in 1867; commencing the cooper business, but sold out to 0. Eames in 1872, and has since been the manager of the business. Married Sarah E. Cox, Dec. 30, 1852.

GRANNIS, SIDNEY 8., was born in Orleans county, Vt., October 21, 1820. When about ten years old moved with parents to Madison county, N. Y. At about 11 years of age he entered a woolen mill at Eaton, where he remained until the age of 22 years, during which time he and Abraham Howe invented a wire heddle, which has since proved a valuable acquisition to the weaver's loom, and also another invention for the manufacture of the heddle. He soon after purchased his partner's interest in the patent and engaged in its manufacture a short time, he then sold his patent to John C. Mathews & Co., and was employed by them in its manufacture at Troy, N. Y., about two years; he then returned to Eaton and worked in a machine shop two years, then as superintendent in the erection and operation of a woolen mill for A. T. Smith in West Eaton, where he remained five years. He then removed to Morrisville, and in company with his brother, started a machine shop; remained about two years and returned to West Eaton, and was superintendent of the woolen mill of Alpheus Morse five years; he then returned to the machine shop, where he was still a partner, and remained until 1856, when he came to this State in search of a location for lumbering operations; returned and assisted in the formation of a company who sent him back to locate a site for a mill, and he accordingly returned and selected Red Wing, and the following spring (1857) commenced the erection of the Bluff Mill, under the firm name of "Grannis, Daniels & Co.*' This mill was burned in 1865. In 1863 he and his brother withdrew fromthe companj7, and bought a saw mill at Central Point, which the subject of this sketch now owns, and where he also had a lumber yard until about two years ago, when he removed his lumber yard to Lake City, where it now is. During the first years of his residence in this place he was a member of the city council; he was also elected in the fall of 1863 to the 7th General Assembly of Minnesota, and the next summer was elected county commissioner, and served three years. Married Sarah S. Howe in Morrisville, N. Y., in 1812. Their children are Ellen M., now Mrs. McCord, residing in Royalton, Wis. ; Edward H., a physician, in Menomonee, Wis., and Mary Etta, residing at home. They have lost three children by death, named Sidney H., Hiram and Sidney; all dying when quite young.

GRAHAM, CHRIS., was born in Augusta county, Va., 1806. When three months old his parents moved to Lincoln county, Ky., removing in 1816 to Boonville, Warrick county, Ind. After attending subscription schools - there being no district schools in those days - he was sent to Montgomery Academy, at Montgomery, Hamilton county, Ohio, where he finished his education. He married Louisa H. Hargrave, of Boonville, Ind., July 7, 1837. She was born February 14, 1814. Mr. Graham was elected to the lower house of the Indiana Legislature in 1835, remaining until 1841. The following year he was elected to the State Senate, which position he continued to occupy until 1846. Was appointed by President Polk as commissary of subsistence in the 2d Ind. Infantry at the breaking out of the war with Mexico, but resigned after one year's service. He was also a member of the State Constitutional Convention which framed and adopted the constitution of Indiana. In 1854, he came to Red Wing under an appointment by President Pierce as Receiver in the land office, then at this city, maintaining that position until 1861. His family followed in May, 1855, and they have continuously resided in Red Wing ever since. He was mayor of the city one term, and elected justice of the peace in the spring of 1869, which office he still holds.

GRAHAM, JOHN A., dealer in dry goods. Born in Boonville, Ind., October 22, 1840. Came to this city with parents in May, 1855, where he enlisted in company E 3d Minn. V. I., in 1861, and honorably discharged in 1864. Commenced his present business March 10, 1871, in connection with his brother, but in 1872 bought him out, continuing the business in his own name. Married Amelia L. Dunning, December 19, 1872. She was born in Prussia, January 1, 1845.

GROSS, HENRY, merchant. Born in Germany, May 2, 1831. Emigrated to this country when nineteen years old, settling in Ohio; thence to Iowa, and to this county in 1857, settling on section 11, Kenyon township. Moved to this city in 1869, and worked for C. Betcher & Co., and in 1873, returned to Kenyon, engaging in mercantile business; in 1876, returned to this city, where he has been engaged in his present business. Married Lovisa Hackenbracht, in Ohio, who was born in Germany.

GRATES, A. F., post master. Born in Clinton county, N. Y., December 25, 1832. Moved with parents to Vermont, when quite young. In 1852, enlisted in McLellan's Dragoons, which was afterwards called the 12th Ills. Cav. Served in the army of the Potomac until honorably discharged, April, 1865. Came to this county, April 21, 1865. Married Matilda Moshier, Oct. 3, 1865.

GROW, E. F., was born in Granville, Licking county, 0., March 16, 1843; when three months old, his mother died, and he was assigned to the care of his grandparents, who moved with him to Ottawa, Illinois, in 1847. On July 1, 1854, he, with his father, arrived in Red Wing, which has since been bis place of residence. He enlisted April 20, 1861, in Co. F, 1st Minn. V. I. ; participated in the battles of first Bull Run, siege of Yorktown, Fair Oaks, Antietam, Gettysburg, and many others, and was honorably discharged May 5, 1864. Returning to Goodhue county, he engaged in farming until 1868, when he was appointed deputy sheriff, which position he filled for nine successive years. In the fall of 1878 he was appointed policeman in this city, and is on the force at the date of this writing.

HOARD? JOSEPH SETH, was born in Augusta, Oneida, hoav Stockbridge, Madison county, N. Y., April 17, 1818. He attended the Stockbridge Academy of his native place for a number of years, and on the 21st of January, 1841, was married at Augusta, to Miss Laura M. Robins. Of this union three children live to bless their declining years - E. Harry Hoard, Mrs. Ada Louisa Tenney, and Miss Nellie Josephine. Mrs. Hoard was born in Augusta, June 3, 1819. The subject of this sketch followed mercantile pursuits in that county until 1844; a portion of the time at Morrisonville, the county seat of Madison county. That year he removed to Mansfield, Pa., where he resided until 1861. In the intervening time Mr. Hoard orignated and successfully founded the Mansfield Classical Seminary, now the State Normal School, an institution that to-day stands high on the roll of honor among the educational institutions of the country. For three years Mr. Hoard devoted himself to this good work with all the enthusiasm of his nature, until he saw his efforts crowned with success, and his brightest anticipations fully realized.