Buchanan County, Missouri - Chapter 28: Reminiscences, 1904 (part 15 of 18)

Yarmulousky by name, who is now a banker in New York City. I found my way to this hotel and prevailed upon the proprietor to afford me supper and a night's lodging. On the following morning, I began to look for work and fortunately found a position with a Jewish hair-work establishment, on a salary of $1 a week, dinners and three o'clock coffee. A German dollar is 30 silbergrochcn, and out of this I managed to pay Mr. Yarmulousky 10 silbergrochen a week for lodging, and with the other 20 I managed my breakfasts and suppers and other items. I remained with that hair firm for four months and was advanced to $2 a week.

"Mr. Yarmulousky, like the rest of his countrymen, was not only a hotelkeeper, but a thorough business man. He invested money in anything that would bring returns and at that time was doing a large business in human hair. This was quite an industry, agents traveling all over Russia, Poland and Sweden, buying hair from every young girl they met who could be induced to part with it. Mr. Yarmulousky not only had his own special agents distributed all over the country, but used inducements with the poor emigrants who had the misfortune to stop at his place, to part with their hair for such sums as his cupidity made seem just. In this way he had accumulated quite a stock of human hair and his next step was to convert it into manufactured goods, which had a ready market. He knew that I was working in that line and by this time was considered quite an expert. He sent for me to come to his ofifice and, with every appearance of friendliness, said : 'My dear Adler, why should you work for that disbeliever for $2 a week, when I will pay }ou $4 a week, with board and lodging, for as long as you desire to remain in this trade?'

"With a boy's lack of business experience, I gladly accepted this proposition of this religious Jew, and started inunediately to work manufacturing for Mr. Yarmulousky. For two weeks all went well and then I found my room taken from me, I was compelled to sleep in the hall, on the bare flagstones, and to this day I have received not one silbergrochen for my work. For four months I lived on the crusts and scraps I could obtain from the cook. L still had on the same shirt in which I had started to work, had not a cent with which to either buy another or to have it washed, in short, my life was one of the extremest misery. I felt that I could tolerate it no longer and I determined to leave that den and make an attempt to board one of the steamers for America. I found out that two days before the Jewish New Year, September 6, 1872. the steamer 'Silesia' was to leave for New York, and I fully made up my mind to either board it and remain on it, or jump overboard and never return to Hamburg. I left Hamburg at 10 A. M. on the lighter which conveys passengers and their baggage to the Atlantic steamer, which we reached at 12 M. A gangway was lowered from the "Silesia' to the vessel we were on, and the captain on one side and another official on the other ordered the passengers to hold their tickets in their left hands. By 2 P. M., 1,400 such fortunate passengers, men, women and children, had boarded the 'Silesia,' while I remained on the small boat, although I had made many futile attempts to get on board. The gangway was then removed and a flat platform was lowered for the purpose of bringing up the baggage. In my wild desire to get on board, I even tried to climb this inclined plane, but the sailors forced me back with curses. When I saw that my plans would miscarry, I began to cry bitterly and thus attracted the attention of the captain. He questioned the cause of my grief, and, forced by necessity, I told him that my mother was on board the 'Silesia' and in the crowd had lost me and that the sailors would not permit me to go on board. He reached down and drew me up and marched me to his office, took the passenger list from his table and asked me for my name. I gave him one which it is difficult for any one but a Jew to either grasp or retain. He asked me if my mother had any other children and I told him of one more and, after a few moments of reflection, said : 'Well, boy, I shall go with you below, and he led me down three or four starways until we reached the steerage, where 1,400 human beings were huddled together worse than cattle. I led him a wild goose chase for an hour and a half, in search of my suppositious mother, h^inally I asked him if the shi]:) was very large and he answered that it was and that he was tired and would leave me to search alone for a half hour and then, if I did not find my mother, he would send me back to Hamburg. This was the opportunity I wanted and as soon as he left me. I began to look for a nook in which to hide. I found one and lay hidden until I felt a thrill of life in the boat. The ca})tain did not return and I found a bunk and an old mattress and there I made my hoiue for the next 24 hours. On Friday night we reached Havre, France, where we remained until 4 P. M. on Saturday. The steamer coaled here and all the steerage passengers were made to leave the boat and then return and deliver the coupons from the tickets which had been given them at Hamburg. I made many attempts to hide but was not successful and was forced off the boat. Realizing that I was going to be left there, in what country I did not know, I determined to make an attem])t to escape on the boat between the captain and his official at the gangway. With all my little strength, I bounded up, but was caught by the captain and asked for my ticket. Again I told the story of my mother and that she had given up the ticket, and again I gave my unpronounceable name. I was permitted to remain on board. In ro more days I landed at Castle Garden, New York."

Thus ends Dr. Adler's personal reminiscences. After these adventures, and landing an indigent boy, in a strange city, it is probable many other distressing situations faced him, but it is sufficient to know that the same persistency and bravery that brought him across the ocean enabled him to find work in the great metropolis and to enter the night school classes at Cooper Institute. He secured a position as bookkeeper in a mercantile house in New York, where he remained until 1881, and then took a similar position in Colorado and in the same year began the study of medicine under the private instructions of Dr. Delamater, a graduate of the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor. After one year of study, he came to St. Joseph, Missouri, and matriculated in the Northwestern Medical College, where he was graduated in 1884, and in the following year was elected to the chair of physiology in that institution. In 1886 he returned to New York and two years later was graduated from Bellevuc Hospital Medical College and took a post-graduate course at the New York University, and then entered into practice in that city. In 1903, with ripened ex])erience, he returned to St. Joseph, finding here many old friends who gladly welcome him back, and since then he has been closely occupied in practice.

It is a long step from the little stowaway to the cultivated gentleman and assured man of science. His success teaches an invaluable lesson and should offer encouragement to those who find themselves confronted with conditions not of their own making. Sometimes the rough discipline of life brings out an unsuspected strength of character, just as the cutting of the lapidary's chisel brings forth the glory of the diamond.

In February. 1897, Dr. Adler was united in marriage to Rose Levi, of Newport, Rhode Island, by wbiich there is one child, - Samuel M. By a former marriage there was one daughter, - Drusilla.

ILLIAAI G. HALL, M. D.. who has been engaged in the practice of medicine in the city of St. Joseph for a period of more than 40 years, is one of the best known professional men of this section of the State. He is a scientist in his profession, and has ever kept abreast of the advancement made in the science of medicine.

Dr. Hall was born in Pennsylvania and received his early education in the schools of Pittsburg. He entered upon the study of medicine at an early age, in 1853-54 attending Jefferson Medical College at Philadelphia. In 1858 he attended Western Reserve Medical College at Cleveland, Ohio, under Professor Weber. He later attended Cleveland Homeopathic Medical College at Cleveland, from which he was graduated. He entered upon the practice of medicine in Western Pennsylvania, and shortly afterward at Chagrin Falls, Ohio, where he continued during the following seven years. During the Civil W^ar he was assistant surgeon of the loth Regiment, Ohio Vol. Cav.

In 1865, Dr. Hall removed to St. Joseph, Missouri, and practiced wi/th much success until 1885. In that year he established Dr. Hall's Sanitarium in this city, locating it in a magnificent brick and stone building, three stories high, with a frontage of 80 feet and a depth of 50 feet, the construction of which cost in the neighborhood of $75,000. It was well equipped, having Turkish, Russian, electric, needle and electro-thermal baths and mechanical massage, and was fitted in an elaborate manner. It proved too great a step in advance of the times, and was doomed to failure after six years of varied success. The property was sold for $12,- 500. Since that time Dr. Hall has given his attention solely to office practice, making a specialty of gynecology, electro-therapuetics, orificial surgery and vibratory stimulation. He is a mem])er of the American Institute of Homeopathy, a past president of the American Association of Orificial .Surgeons and of the Alissouri State Institute of Homeopathy, a member of the Kansas State Medical Society, and an honorary member of the Nebraska State Medical Society. He was

In 1872, Dr. Hall was united in marriage with a daughter of Robert S. Carter. Mrs. Hall was a native of Kentucky and later a resident of St. Joseph. She died June 2, 1903. leaving one son, Edward Parks Hall, M. D.

Edward Parks Hall, M. D., was born in St. Joseph, where he received a common and high school education. He decided upon the profession in which his father had attained such prominence and success, and in 1897 was graduated from the Ensworth Medical College, of St. Joseph. During 1897-98, he was clinical assistant to Prof. R. C. Miles and Francis J. Quinlan in the New York Polyclinic, in the department of ''the nose and throat: and clinical assistant in the heart and lung clinic at the Northwestern Dispensary in New York City. In 1900 and 1902 he took a course in the Manhattan Eye and Ear Infirmary, the New York Eye and Ear Infirmary and was clinical assistant to Prof. A. E. Davis in the eye and ear department of the New York Post-Graduate College. He was also first assistant to Dr. Pearson at the Presbyterian Hospital, of New York.

Dr. William G. Hall and his son arc meeting with great success in practice in St. Joseph, both being ardent students and skilled practitioners. A portrait of Dr. William G. Hall accompanies this sketch.

HARLES H. NOLD, one of the prominent business men of St. Joseph, leading in the line of general building material, belongs to one of the city's early and substantial families. He was born in St. Joseph, December 2, 1873. and is a son of Charles and Sarah (Keiffer) Nold.

The father of Mr. Nold was born near Hamburg, Germany, and came to the PTnited States when 18 years of age, locating in Washington County. Illinois. After some six years there, he came to St. Joseph, Missouri, in 1865. Since that time he has been closely identified with the building and contracting interests of this cUv and is now one of the substantial men and highly respected citizens. The mother of Mr. Nold was. born in Pennsylvania. Pier death took place in 1900, at the age of 52 years. The family consisted of six children, our subject being the second son and third child.

In the public schools of St. Joseph, which are noted for their efficiency and excellence, Mr. Nold secured a good education which he supplemented with a commercial course at Rittner's Business College in this city. On completing this, he entered into the employ of the W. D. Bennett Lumber Company and remained with them for seven years. The five succeeding years were spent as traveling representative for the H. F. Cady Lumber Company, of Omaha, Nebraska. Mr. Xold then returned to his native place to enter into business for himself and he has built up one of the finest trades in building material in Buchanan County. He has also established a reputation as a shrewd, intelligent business man, one who, while guarding his own personal interests, recognizes the ethics of honorable competition.

Mr. Nold has a pleasant home at No. 1006 North 25th street, St. Joseph. He married Lillian O'Connor, a daughter of James O'Connor, of Galesburg, Illinois. Politically, Mr. Nold is an active and interested Republican. Plis fraternal connection is with the Elks.

The mother of our subject was born in 1800 and died in 1887, and the father died in 1847, aged 52 years. Their whole lives were passed in Switzerland. Their children consisted of three sons and four daughters, of whom the following came to the United States: Anna (Mrs. Berwein), of Council Bluffs, Iowa; Melchior, who died here in 1864; Jacob, who lives in Nebraska; and Conrad, of this sketch.

Mr. Tanner came to America alone, reaching the port of New York on February i, 1852. He first secured work, as a gardener, at Toledo, Ohio, and worked at various callings until the fall of the year, when he came to St. Joseph. He had a natural taste for mechanics and entered a plow factor)- here, where he worked for four and a half years. In the fall of 1857 he secured a contract to set up plows, in Savannah, Missouri. Upon his return to St. Josej^h, he found business dull in his line and this induced him to go into the

When Mr. Tanner came back to enter into business again in the city, he formed a partnership with his brother Jacob in the manufacture of wagons, locating on loth and Francis streets. Two years later he built a factory on Ninth street, which the brothers operated together until 1877 when Jacob withdrew from the business. Our subject continued alone until he was succeeded by his sons, who- capably manage the plant at present. By attending strictly to his business, Mr. Tanner built up a large establishment, made a large fortune for himself and contributed to the prosperity of the city. Mr. Tanner is one of the capable, persistent, trustworthy men of foreign birth but of American ideas, a representative of a class which has done wonders for every locality where they have taken root.

In 1857, Mr. Tanner was married at St. Joseph, by Justice Robidoux, to Genevieve Herman, who was born at Baden, Germany, December, 28, 1837, and came to the United States in 1855, accompanying her father and brother. Mr. and Mrs. Tanner have had these children : Conrad, Jr., and William L., who with the father own and operate the wagon factory, under the firm name of C. Tanner & Sons; and Pauline (Mrs. Wandt), who resides at home. Two sons are deceased : Edward and Adolph, both of whom were formerly connected with the firm. They were highly educated young men, completing their education at the New York Technical Institute and their deaths, separated by three years, were sadly felt in the business as well as in the family circle. Edward was born in 1866 and died in 1896, leaving two sons: Clarence and Roy. Adolph died July 5, 1899, aged 31 years.

Mr. Tanner has always been a useful citizen, lending his influence to all the enterprises promising to benefit the city. Politically, he has always been a Rej^iublican. He is a member of the Evangelical Presbvterian Church.

OUIS J. DANDURANT, M. D., one of the leading physicians and surgeons of .St^. foseph, a member of the faculty of the St. Joseph Hospital, of this city, was born in St. Joseph, Missouri,

John B. Dandurant. the grandfather of Dr. Dandurant, was born in Montreal, Canada: He resided in various parts of the United States, for a time in St. Louis, Missouri, and then came to St. Joseph, locating here during the life of Joseph Robidoux. Damas F. Dandurant was born at St. Louis in about 1846, and was but a child when his parents came to what was then called Blacksnake Hills. He was afforded the best education provided at the time. He learned the trade of harness-maker and was employed by William M. Wyeth, of St. Joseph, but later removed to Union Star, Missouri, and there opened a shop of his own. The failing health of his wife caused his return to St. Joseph, where he reentered the employ of the Wyeth concern. He is and always has been a stanch supporter of the Democrat party.

The mother of Dr. Dandurant was a daughter of John Clark, a native of England and a man of superior education, who at one time was prominetnly identified in British politics with Daniel O'Connell. He was also president of the Daniel O'Connell Club and a member of its reception committee to receive O'Connell at the great Dublin mass meeting and banquet. He had letters of recommendation from Lord Disraeli and Gladstone, who were great personal friends of his. He was one of the charter members of the order of Knights of Father Matthew and a member of the committee to draft the first Father ^Matthew medal. The mother of our subject was also possessed of superior talent, being the writer of some choice poems and literature, as well as being a prominent member of leading literary circles. Two of the four children born to the union of our subject's parents reached maturity, namely : Louis J., of this sketch ; and Sophia, who is the wife of E. L. Schott. of St. Joseph. The beloved mother passed away on December 4. 1899, aged 57 years. She was a devoted member of Ihe Catholic Church.

Dr. Dandurant was a student at the Christian Brothers' College through his earlier years, going from there to the noted classical and scientfic institution known as New Engleberg College, at Conception. Missouri. A feature of this college is the employment of highly educated instructors of European reputation. He completed the course in 1892, and later received the degree of B. A. He entered Central Medical College, of St. Joseph, Missouri, where he received his medical degree in IMarch. 1898. He spent four year^, while engaged in medical study, in the St. Joseph Hosi pital, securing practical experience that only such training gives. He has been connected with this hospital continuously for 10 years.

Immediately after graduation. Dr. Dandurant opened an office and also accepted the position of professor of chemistry, toxicology and urinalsis. In the following year he was appointed to the chair of anatomy, at the St. Joseph Hospital, and to a place on the surgical and gynecological staff of the Central Aledical College. The St. Joseph Hospital enjoys an enviable reputation for its skilled handling of both medical and surgical cases and no one practicioner has contributed more materially to this than has Dr. Dandurant. He enjoys the confidence of the public and of his brothers in the profession. He is enthusiastically devoted to his profession and is highly valued in the leading medical organizations, the St. Joseph, Buchanan Comity, Missouri State and American medical associations.

Fraternally, he is connected with St. Joseph Council, No. 571, Knights of Columbus, and of the Catholic Order of Foresters, for which he is medical examiner. Like other members of h.is family, he belongs to the Catholic Church.

ATRICK DEL AN FY, one of the prominent general farmers of Center township, Buchanan County, who operates a fine farm of 120 acres, located in section 11, was born in this township, June 12, 1858, and is a son of Daniel and Eliza (\Vhalen) Delaney.

Daniel Delaney was born in Queens County, Ireland, in 1802. He followed farming in Connecticut, Kentucky, Illinois, Nebraska and Kansas and visited St. Joseph three times, coming here the last time in 1856. He resided in Buchanan County during the whole period of the Civil War and as he took no part in public affairs was never disturbed in his peaceful pursuits of agriculture. He survived until 1891, dying at the age of 87 }ears. He married Eliza Whalen, who Avas born in the same countv as himself, and she still survives, at the age of '/d years. Their four children were: P"atrick, of this sketch; Daniel, also of Center township ; Mary, wife of Michael Cavanaugh, of Clay County, Missouri ; and John H., of Center township.

Patrick Delaney attended the district schools in his boyhood and has devoted his whole life to farming and stock-raising. For the past 21 years he has resided on his present farm, a part of which he cleared. He gives his main attention to grain-growing and the raising of first-class stock and has the reputation of being one of the most careful and successfiil farmers of the township. His property is well-improved and his residence, erected in 1893, is one of the handsome homes of the locality. His barns and outbuildings, his imjiroved agricultural machinery and his sleek, well-fed cattle indicate thrift and prosperity.

On November i, 1880, Mr. Delaney was married to Mary E. Farrel, who was born in Buchanan County in April, 1862, and is a daughter of ]\lichael and Bridget (Carey) Farrel, and a niece of Judge J. H. Carey. Five children have been born to them, namely : John P., Winnifred. Daniel M., Mary E. and Patrick E. The family belong to the Catholic Church.

Politically, Mr. Delaney is a stanch Democrat. He is considered one of the substantial men of Center township. He has always been industrious, working first for his parents and later for himself, and the result of industry and perseverance is shown in his comfortable surroundings. He is educating his children and takes an interest in the general welfare of his locality and in every way represents the class of good citizens of which his county is proud.

OHN J. BAZAN, M. D., one of the skilled physicians and surgeons of St. Joseph, whose medical work here has received the commendation of the public, was born near Vienna. Austria, October 22, T871, and is a son of Thomas and Annie Bazan.

The father of Dr. Bazan was also born near Vienna, and there he followed his trade of shoemaking for a number of years. With his eldest son, he was the founder of the family in America, where they resided in New York City for a time before th.e family joined them, in 1881. In 1882, they came to St. Joseph. The father now resides with our subject in this city. He is a consistent member of SS. Peter and Paul's Catholic Church. Dr. Bazan completed his primary education in his native locality and attended college in Vienna, where he was graduted in the classical department with the degree of A. M. Immediately after graduation, he accompanied the members of his family still remaining in Austria, to New York, and in 1882 to St. Joseph. Here he entered upon the study of medicine and was graduated at the Central ^Medical College in 1901, and has confined his practice to this city ever since. He belongs to a medical family, two of his brothers being practicing physicians, viz : Dr. Antony L. Bazan, of Salisbury, Missouri, and Dr. Joseph Bazan, settled at Glasgow, Missouri. One other brother, Andrew Bazan, resides in this city.

Dr. Bazan has not identified himself with any political party. He occupies well-equipped ofiices on the corner of Eighth and Patee streets, St. Joseph. His medical practice is along modern lines and his success has brought him prominently to public notice.

ILLIAM H. DRYSDALE, a prominent farmer and dairyman of Buchanan County, who owns a fine, wellke])t farm of 90 acres, situated in section 35, township 58, range 35, in Washington township, was born at St. Joseph, Missouri, December i, 1849, and is a son of John and Margaret (Ryan) Drysdale.

The parents of Mr. Drysdale were both born in Ireland where the}' married. In 1848 they came to America and. shortly after, to St. Joseph, INIissouri, making the trip from Weston in a wagon. For a time. John Drysdale served as sexton for the old Calvary Cemetery and made his home in St. Joseph, but later he rented land and engaged in farming it until T879, when the present farm of our subject was purchased. It was originally covered with timber. In 1888 Mr. Drysdale died, aged 67 years. He had worked industriously all his life, accumulating his property through his own efforts. His widow survived him manv years, dying in 1903. having spent her last days with our subject. In two more years she would have rounded out a century. But two of their children still survive, - our subject and a sister. IMrs. Ellen Dandurant. of St. Joseph.

Our subject was reared in h.is native place and was educated in parochial schools and at the Christian Brothers' (Tollege. He has lived on this farm for 35 years and it is one of the most attractive, best-kept and generously productive of any farm in Washington township. He has 90 acres located on what is known as the Drysdale road, two and a quarter miles northeast of the city limits. He devotes lo acres to a mixed orchard ; 15 acres to corn; 20 acres to pasture, having a dairy of 28 Jersey cows and a large herd of Shorthorn cattle ; 20 acres to hay and has four acres in blackberries, a fruit he has found very ])rofitable. His two-story white house is one filled with comforts and the well-kept hedge which surrounds his property adds materially to its appearance.

In 1872, Mr. Drysdale was married to Kate Conner, who was born in Ireland. They have had a family of 15 children, the survivors being: John, the only one born off the farm ; James, Francis, Mark, Charles, Mary, .Margaret, Ellen and Genevieve. Those deceased were : Willie (ist) and Willie (2), Leo, Edward, Joseph and Annie.

Politically, Mr. Drysdale is a Democrat. He is a consistent member of the Catholic Church and has reared his large family in its teachings. They are among the most highly respected people of this section, honest, kind and hospitable. Mr. Drysdale has not only made a material success of his life, but has earned the friendship and good will of his neighbors. He has seen many changes since he first came to his farm, and has always acted for the best interests of Washing- Inn township.

RANKLIN V A L L A N D I G H A M DOWNEY, one of the representative farmers of Lake township, Buchanan Comity, owns and resides upon one of the finest farms in his locality, comprising 160 acres of well-cultivated land in section 36. He was born in Platte County, Missouri, October 20, 1867, and is a son of John M. and Lucctta (W^illiams) Downey.

Our subject comes of an agricultural family, his father having followed farming all his life. John M. Downey, whose portrait accompanies this sketch, was born in Adams County, Ohio, February 4, 1840, and was educated in the district schools of his native localit\-. He remained in Adams County until 1867, when he removed, with his wife, by rail and lioat, to Platte County, Missouri, where he arrived March 14, 1867. He purchased a farm, settled down to agriculture, reared a family and died there at a good old age. He was one of the largest fruit-growers in Missouri, the firm of Rees & Downey having 320 acres in orchards in Platte County. At the time of his death, he owned 1,000 acres of land clear of all incumbrances. His widow still survives and resides at Weston, Missouri. He married Lucetta Williams, who is a daughter of Andrew Williams, formerly of Adams County, Ohio, but who moved to Platte County, Missouri, in 1868. The children of John M. Downey and wife were: Frank V. ; Thomas E., deceased : iVndrew B., a farmer of Platte County ; Rachel Ann, wife of Lee Turpin, a butcher at St. Joseph ; Henry, Lucetta and Margaret IMay, deceased ; and Amanda Mattie, wife of Thomas A. Rees, of Bean Lake, Missouri.

Frank \\ Downey was reared and educated at latan, Platte County, leaving school at the age of 21 years. He then began farming on his own account and continued operations in Platte County until March, 1902, when he came to Buchanan County. He located on his present farm, all of which is under cultivation and is in fine condition. His improvements are excellent and his property ranks well with the best in Lake township.

On November 20, 1889, Mr. Downey was married to Mary Belle Rose, a daughter of William and Frances (Horton) Rose, farming people of Mason County, Kentucky. They have three children : John Calvin, Lillie Frances and Roy Jennings.

Mr. Downey was reared to support the principles of the old Democratic party and was named in honor of one of Ohio's great Democratic statesmen, - Clement L. Vallandigham. However, he is in no way bigoted and in considering the principles involved is apt to cast his vote for honorable, upright and able men, irrespective of party tics. Since coming to Buchanan County, Mr. Downey has proved himself a good citizen and both he and his estimable wife have formed many pleasant social connections.

^. \UL M. HOFFMAN, deceased, was one ^J of the best-known and popular business men of foreign birth, in St. Joseph, where he numbered friends by the hundred. Mr. Hofl'man was born in Germany, September 2T, 1849, and died at his home in St. Joseph, January t8, 1900. He was a son of Richard P. Hoffman, who brought his family to America from Germnny in 1866.

a chair manufactory. In his own land Richard P. Hoffman had been a contractor and a manufacturer of chinaware. The subject of this sketch did not fancy either inchistry, but applied himself to his books and became an expert bookkeeper. Prior to coming to St. Joseph, ]\lissouri, in 1888, he had been emplo}-ed as a bookkeeper, both in New York City and in Atchison, Kansas. In this city he became manager for the Lemp Brewing Company and continued with this house untiL 1897, when he engaged in a wholesale whisky business, in association with the late Fritz Mast. The firm of Hoffman & ^last did a large business and by its honorable methods held the confidence and trade of the business world.

Mr. Hoffman was married on January 29, 1870, to Lillie Sussmann, who is a daughter of John W. Sussmann, one of the city's leading business men. They had six children, viz : Millie, wife of Samuel C. Simineo, of St. Joseph ; Louise H. ; Adeline L. ; and Paul M., Jr., Otto R. and an infant unnamed, deceased. Mrs. Hoffman and her two daughters enjoy a beautiful home located at No. 823 Charles street, St. Joseph.

In politics the late Mr. Hoffman was identified with the Democratic party. His fraternal relations were with the Knights of Pythias and the Odd Fellows. He was a warm-hearted, generous man, one who was willingly contributed to the city's charities and educational institutions and set an example of honesty in business life and devotion and affection in the domestic circle.

AMES W. WALKER, for many years a prominent business citizen of St. Joseph, closely associated with the city's commercial life, was born in 1856, at Savannah, Andrew County, Missouri, and died at Kansas City, August 22, 1895.

The late Mr. Walker was educated at Savannah and at Plattsburg, to which place the family removed, his father, Henry T. Walker, being largely interested in mercantile pursuits. Shortly after attaining his majority, Mr. Walker, in association with his brother, S. A. Walker, embarked in a banking business at Beloit, Kansas, an enterprise which proved highly successful. On January i, 1884, Mr. Walker, in partnership with a prominent man of affairs at St. Joseph, the late D. M. Steele, embarked in a wholesale grocery business, under the firm name of Steele & Walker. On account of I\lr. Steele's manv other interests, the greater part of the responsibility fell upon Mr. Walker's shoulders, and it was mainly due to his energy that this became the largest grocery house on the Missouri River. During his later years he was mainly interested in coal mining properties in Oklahoma, many of these being of great promise, and, operated with his known ability, would have returned large rewards. He was held in the highest esteem as a man of integrity and was made receiver for the wholesale clothing firm of A. N. Schuster, after its failure An 1894. Through times of financial depression and of consequent loss, Mr. Walker's business honor was never assailed nor was his business ability questioned. At the time of his death he was president and owner of the Savannah-Oklahoma Coal Company, which he had organized, and during some years he was interested in cattle deals in Texas.

On September 12, 1876, Mr. Walker was married to Mary Vance, of Plattsburg, Missouri, who survives, with one son and four daughters : Anna, who married F. Labrunerie, of St. Joseph, Missouri ; Bessie, who married W. H. Griffith, of St. Joseph ; Henry W., of St. Joseph ; and Ruby and Margaret, who live at home with their mother. Mr. Walker's home was always a cherished spot and his devotion to wife and children was one of his most marked and lovable characteristics. Tlie family are members of the Presbyterian Church.

For a number of years our subject was a prominent figure in Missouri politics, and was admitted to the personal friendship of President Cleveland, whom he ardently supported. Had he lived, he would in all probability been the Democratic standard-bearer in his congressional district. He had served on many charitable boards and with numerous civic bodies, was interested in all that goes to the development of the city's best interests and was able to claim as personal friends many of the leading citizens of city, county and State. James W. Walker will be remembered for his many sterling traits of character which endeared him to a wide circle outside his immediate family.

UTHER A. TODD, M. D., one of the leading physicians and surgeons of .St. Joseph, and a popular and representative citizen, was born at Morenci. ]\Iichigan, August 3. 1874, and is a son of Newell D. and Huldah (Aldrich) Todd.

Michigan, in 1845, ^ son of Ransome Todd, who was a native of New York. Mr. Todd remained on his father's farm until the age of 17 years when he enHsted for service in the Civil War, as a member of the nth Regiment, Mich. Vol. Cav., continuing in the army, until the close of hostilities. After his return from the war, he learned the drug business and was associated with his brother, Luther L., until 1875, when he removed to Atchison, Kansas, where he accepted a position with the Atchison & Eastern Bridge Company, in 1884 becoming superintendent, which responsible position he still fills. Prior to locating in Kansas, he was a prominent Republican and filled the office of county treasurer, but has taken no active part in political campaigns for a number of years. He is prominently identified with the various Masonic bodies.

The mother of Dr. Todd was a daughter of Anson Aldrich, a prominent citizen of Fayette County, Ohio, and she became the mother of three children, the two survivors being Luther A., of this sketch ; and U. H., of Atchison, Kansas, who is a superintendent of the Atchison & Eastern Bridge Company. The whole family belong to the Protestant Episcopal Church.

Dr. Todd entered upon his pursuit of an education in the public schools of Atchison, at Midland College, and then had three years of military training at the Shattuck Alilitary College, at Faribault, Minnesota. From this justly celebrated institution, he entered the Kansas State University, where he completed the studies of the junior year, going from here to Columbia University, New^ York City, where he was graduated in the medical department, in 1900, earning his degree of M. D. He was appointed to Roosevelt Hospital, New York, where he gained invaluable experience during two years as interne, and during his last six months filled the position of house surgeon. In March, 1902, he came to St. Joseph and opened an office, later establishing himself in the Logan Building, and his abilities received immediate recognition. He now fills several responsible positions outside of a large private practice, being professor of minor surgery at Ensworth Medical College : assistant surgeon for the St. Joseph & Grand Island Railway and assistant surgeon for the St. Joseph Railway, Light, Heat & Power Company. He is a member of the various county, city and State medical societies, anrl of the St. Joseph Surgical Society.

Politically, Dr. Todd is a Republican. Fraternally, he is a member of St. Joseph Lodge, No. 40, B. P. O. E. ; St. Joseph Lodge, No. 22, Knights of Pythias ; Roosevelt Hospital Alumni Association ; and he retains his membership in the college fraternities of Phi Gamma Delta and Theta Nu Epsilon. He belongs also to the Benton and Lotus clubs.

RS. AUGUSTA C. WILLIAMS, one of the most highly respected residents of W^ashington township, Buchanan County, who owns, operates and entirely manages a fine farm of 80 acres, in section 25, township 58, range 35, is the widow of one and the daughter of another old pioneer of this county. Mrs. Williams was born in 1845 in Buchanan County, Missouri, and is a daughter of Augustus M. and Rebecca (Farmer) Wylie.

The father of Mrs. Williams was born in Virginia. In early boyhood he went to Kentucky, and in manhood moved to Indiana where he married Re])ecca Farmer. In the year of Mrs. Williams' birth, they came with their ox team to Missouri. Attracted by the rich bottom land between the One Hundred and Two and the Platte rivers, they entered a claim and remained on that farm for some years. Later they moved to Illinois, but still later the father went to Arkansas and died in that State. Mr. Wylie was a man who naturally took a prominent place among his neighbors and fellow citizens. Nature had given him a stalwart frame and his pioneer life a courage and strength which served him well during the years he served as sherifit' of Buchanan County. The occasion of the theft of $4,000 in silver from Joseph Robidoux in 1842 and Sherilif Wylie's successful efforts in recovering the money and catching the thieves are well recalled in local histories. He was a very determined man, one who knew no fear and was dreaded by law-breakers from one end of the county to the other. His memory" should be kept green as one of the leading m.en of his time in this section. At the time of his death, in 1 88 1, Mr. Wylie had completed his 78th year. Mrs. Williams grew up on her father's farm and became not only a cai)able housekeeper, but a woman of practical ideas about business also.

otherwise she could not have so capably managed her large farm. She married Calvin Williams, who had lived in Buchanan County, since boyhood, being a native of \'irginia. His death occurred in 1872. leaving five children, namely: Belle; Julia; Hattie, wife of Edward Gallup; Benjamin, a wood and coal dealer at No. 511 Main street. St. Joseph ; and Dora, deceased.

Mrs. Williams has seen many wonderful changes in Washington township since her childhood. Her property is very valuable on account of its proximity to St. Joseph, being situated six miles northeast from ^Market square. She carries on a general line of farming, employs plenty of help and enjoys the reputation of being a most excellent agriculturist. Her comfortable twostory residence, some 50 \ards from the public highwa}-. is surrounded by a beautiful lawn and some fine old trees. ^Nlrs. Williams is well-known and has a wide circle of friends not only in the immediate neighborhood but in St. Joseph.

lOHN A. ]\IUCHENBERGER. a prominent business citizen of St. Joseph, a member of the firm of Muchenberger Brothers, was born July 8, 1869, in St. Joseph, Missouri, and is a son of Leo and ^lagdalena (Bashnagel) ]\Iuchenberger.

The father of our subject was born at Lenzkirch, in the Black Forest, Germany, September 5. 1828. As in the case of other German vouths. he was encouraged to learn a trade and ch.ose that of baker, and when he came to America, at the age of 22 years, he was able to earn his own way. although the country and customs \\ere strange. He located at Iowa City. Iowa, where he opened a bakery and operated it some }ears. In April. 1869. he came to St. Joseph and embarked in a bakery business here, opening his first shop opposite the old Patee ^Market House, but two years later he moved to Eighth and Felix streets, where he conducted a thriving business mitil 1880, when he retired from activity. His' death took place in the following year. He was one of the best-known business men of this city, and all who ever had dealings with him found him the soul of honesty and a good and kindhearted man. He was social by nature and belonged to the Odd Fellows and to the German Turn-Verein. Both parents of our subjects were members of the German Catholic Church, most people in every wa>-. The children who reached maturity were : Goodlive. who died in 1880, aged 21 years; Leo J. : John A. ; and Otto P.. who was drowned in Lake Contrary, August 28, 1893. aged 29 years and 10 months.

Leo J. Muchenberger. our subject's partner in business, was born January 19. 1867. in Iowa City, Iowa, and was educated in the public schools of St. Joseph and at the Christian Brothers' College. After a few years of em]~)loyment in the wholesale store of Ernst & Brill, he went into business for himself, establishing an art and picture frame store, in which he" continued until 1891, when he enlarged his business by adding a wall paper department, later going into the wholesale wall paper trade. This business was expanded until it now covers ^lissouri, Kansas, Iowa, Nebraska. Oklahoma and Texas. In 1899 a branch house was opened at Kansas City. He married Annie Weckerlin. a daughter of Philip Weckerlin, of St. Joseph, and they have one daughter, - Leanna. He is fraternally connected with the Woodmen of the World.

Our immediate subject. John A. ]\Iuchenberger, was erlucated in the puplic schools and then came under the care of Father Linnencamp and finally entered the Christian Brothers' College, where he completed the course at the age of 13 years. He then learned the trade of picture framer and shortly after entered into business with his brother, Leo J.^ under the firm name of Muchenberger Brothers. The business is one of the leading enterprises of St. Joseph. Mr. ]\Iuchenberger married Emma Huffman, a young lady reared in this city. He is a consistent member of the Catholic Church and belongs also to the St. Joseph Benevolent Society.

EXJAMIN W. CULVER, M. D., the oldest medical practitioner at Rushville. Buciianan County, and a man who is held in the highest esteem both personally and professionally, was born in Chemung County, New York. October i. 1832, and is a son of Nathan and Lena (Turner) Culver.

The Culver familv is of Scotch extraction and have mainly led agricultural lives. The founder of the family in America settled first in New Jersev, a wealthy and influential State largely indebted to the thrift and sterling character of the large majority of its early Scotch settlers. At a later period a branch of the Culver famil}- established itself in the rich farming lands of Chemung County, New York, where the grandfather of Dr. Culver was born. Nathan Culver, Jr., father of Dr. Culver, was born in Chemung County and followed agricultural pursuits. His wife, Lena Turner, was the daughter of a neighboring farmer. They had six children.

Benjamin W. Culver was reared through boyhood on his father's farm, obtaining his early education in the district schools. He completed his academic course in Benton County, Iowa, and secured his medical training in what was then known as the American Eclectic College, now the Cincinnati Medical College, where he was graduated in 1855. Dr. Culver's early practice covered a large territory, first in Iowa, later in Kansas, and in August, 1873, he located in Rushville, Missouri, where he has been established up to the present time. When Dr. Culver settled in Buchanan County, he found his section of the county a heavily timbered region, many portions of it not yet improved with bridges or public highways, and for five years his professional visits were made on horseback, traversing the bridle-paths through the forest that led to the scattered homes where his services were needed. That nothing ever prevented his answering a professional call reflects honor upon a man, who in an unusual degree seems to possess the esteem and love of his community. After more than 30 years of practice iiere, his people refuse to deny themselves of the benefits of his professional care, but the time has passed when he can visit homes. His patients must come to him and he still manages a very large office practice.

Dr. Culver was married first, in 1856, to Harriet E. Dolph, and they had four children : Emma, who married R. W. Jones, and at her death left t,wo children, - Nellie and Frank; Frank L.. of Kansas City ; Dora Ann, widow of William H. Allison of St. Josei)h, who died November 21, 1904, - Mrs. Allison has seven children, Clara, Gladys, Dolph, Matthew, Bornice, William and Charles ; and Orville, deceased. Dr. Culver's second wife, Nancy Reed, died two years after marriage. His third union was with Mrs. Mary Ann (Gentry) Bracken.

Dr. Culver belongs to the leading medical organizations of the countrv. He has always taken advantage of opportunities to perfect his professional knowledge, taking post-graduate courses and keeping in touch with modern scientific discoveries. He has long been one of the leading Democratic politicians of his locality and has frequently served as a delegate, attending m this capacity the congressional convention that nominated Hon. D. D. Burnes. He has been identified with the Masonic fraternity for many vears.

AMES A. GIBSON, a prominent farmer and stock-raiser of Piatt township, Buchanan County, located in section 11, township 55. range 34, was born in Boone County, Missouri, January 2, 1840. He is a son of Arthur and Jane (Moore) Gibson, and a grandson of Garrett Gibson.

Garrett Gibson was born in Buncombe County, North Carolina, and was of Scotch-Irish ancestry. He was a wheelwright by trade and also followed farming. He moved from his native State to Indiana, thence to Illinois, and finally followed his children to Buchanan County, Missouri. He was the father of seven children, Arthur being the oldest of his sons.

Arthur Gibson was born in Buncombe County, North Carolina, in 1803, and moved to Indiana with his parents, locating on a farm near Greencastle. He later went to Putnam County, Illinois, with his parents, and was there reared and lived until 1839, when he came to ^Missouri in .a wagon, locating in Boone County. In the fall of the following year he came to the Platte Purchase, where he resided on a farm until his death, having entered 160 acres in section 11, township 55, range 34, in Platte township, and having built thereon a log cabin, 14 by 16 feet, in which he lived with his family for about three years. He eventually acquired an estate of 640 acres, much of which he cleared. He raised hemp and wheat largely, marketing these products at St. Joseph. He made all his money in raising grain and stock, although he followed his trade as a wheelwright for some time. He manufactured nearlv all the furniture used in the community in the early days. He died in August, 1853. 'His wife. Jane Moore, who was born in Tennessee in 181 1,- and died in Jefiferson County, Kansas, at tlie home of her daughter Mrs. Levi Wilhelm, in 1887, was a daughter of Thomas and Nancy Moore, early settlers in the Platte Purchase. She and her husband were parents of the following children : Thomas G., deceased, at Winchester, Kansas, at the age of 68 }ears, who was a farmer of Oklahoma Territory: Rachel, wife of Levi Wilhelm, of Winchester, Kansas; Louis, who was in the

Confederate Army, and lives in Harvey County, Kansas ; Francis Marion, who was in the 100-day service during- the Civil War ; James A. ; Nancy, wife of ]\Iilton Witt, of Winchester, Kansas ^ Clarissa, wife of Wesley Clark, of Jefferson County. Kansas ; William R., a farmer of Jeft'erson County, Kansas ; and George W., of St. Joseph.

In the fall of the year of his birth, James A. Gibson was taken by his parents to his present home place in Platte township, Buchanan County, where he has resided ever since. He has a farm of 445 acres in sections 9, 10 and it, having purchased 100 acres of the old home farm when the partition of his father's estate was made. He raises grain and stock, having a large number of horses and mules, as well as Shorthorn cattle and Poland-China hogs. He is an extensive feeder and shipper, selling about five car-loads of stock annually. About two years ago he erected one of the finest country homes in the township, in which he now lives with his family. He has alwa}s been a stanch Democrat and cast his first vote for Gen. George B. JMcClellan. He has held numerous minor offices, has been school trustee and was at one time defeated as candidate for countv judge. He frequently has been delegate to county and State conventions. He has served on the executive board of the St. Joseph Baptist Association.

In 1863, Mr. Gibson w^as united in marriage with Louisa Caroline Holland, who was born in Jackson township, Buchanan County, Missouri, in February, 1844, and is a daughter of John and Jane Holland, natives of Tennessee. As a result of this union, the following children were born: Elmetta C, wife of Samuel Shoemaker, of Trcmont township ; Emma, wife of John Roberts, of Tremont township ; Thomas N., of Platte township ; Magdalene, wife of James Cone, of Marion township ; Jaly Ann, wife of George Schuster, of Platte township ; James W.. of Platte township, who attended the State University of Missouri for three years, and was considered one of the best football players on the "varsity" team, - he is now a teacher and a prominent political worker, being clerk for Senator \"oorhees. a member of the Democratic Central Committee, and having been at one time township assessor ; Francis M., who lives in Platte township ; Jennie S., who died at the age of 12 years ; Dora, who is a high school teacher; Jessie, who also is a teacher; George S., who lives at home and one who died in infancy. Our subject's son, Francis M., drew No. 161 in the government land lottery in the opening of the Rosebud Reservation in South Dakota in the summer of 1904, and filed on No. 155. He went there and after filing- built a sod house and will return in the spring of 1905 to reside there permanently. Our subject served on the petit jury in the first term of the United States Court held at St. Joseph. Fraternally, he is a member of the Masons, Grange and Farmers' Alliance.

ETER YOUNG, one of the prominent and successful market gardeners and IS! Staa farmers of Buchanan County, owning Ww^Ss a beautifully located home, on an eminence above the Savannah road, surrounded by a fertile farm of 563/4 acres, in Washington township, in section 33. township 58. range 35. was born in Bavaria, Germany. October 13, 1 831. He is a son of Kenrod Young.

The father of ]Mr. Young was born in 1800 and was a farmer by occupation in Germany. In 1844 he came with his family to America, making the voyage in a sailing vessel which, after 42 days on the ocean, landed the travelers at the port of New York. Mr. Young located in Pike County. Ohio, where he purchased 169 acres of land, which he operated until 1865. when he sold that farm and removed to Queen City. Missouri, where he resided until the close of his life, at the age of 72 years. Our subject was 12 years of age when the family came to America and has a very vivid recollection of the long and stormy voyage on the ocean. He attended a German school in Pike County, Ohio, and assisted in farming the home place until 1849. He then went to Chillicothe and learned the trade of stonemason, during which time he secured railroad work which then paid very well and he continued there for six years. In 1856 he came to St. Joseph where he found work on the Hannibal & St. Joseph Railroad, which was the first line constructed in Buchanan County. At the opening of the Civil War, he enlisted in the Union Army, on June 13, 1861, in the 13th Regiment, Missouri, A'^ol. Inf., and was taken prisoner September 20, 1861, at Lexington. After his release he reenlisted in the Fifth Missouri, and was discharged on lune 24. 1863. He then went back to Ohio and spent 1864 and 1865 in bridge construction; returning to Buchanan County in the fall of the latter year. Froni 1868 to 1894 Mr. Young was interested in farming and also did a large amount of contract work in the way of grading and macadamizing the St. Joseph streets. Mr. Young's farm is a very valuable piece of property both on account of the fertility of the soil and its high state of cultivation and also because of its close proximity to the city of St. Joseph, being situated within three and a half miles of Market square. He raises corn and hay but devotes much of his land to fruit, having 500 apple trees and a large amount of small fruit.

In 1859, Mr. Young was married to Louisa Deriff, \\ho was born in Germany, and they have a family of seven sons and one daughter, namely : John P., Lewis L., William, Charles C, Peter P., Henry V., Christina, who is the wife of John Staal and George W.

Politically, Mr. Young and all his sons are identified with the Republican party and all are well-informed, sensible men. Although Mr. Young has turned over the care of the farm to his son, he is still vigorous enough to do an ordinary man's day's work. He is very highly respected" b\- all ^^-ho know him.

TCHAEL CURRAN, one of the successful farmers and well-known citizens of Buchanan County, who resides on a finely improved farm of 240 acres, situated in section 9, Agency township, was born in County Tyrone, Ireland, in 1836, and is a son of Francis and Bridget (McGee) Curran.

Francis Curran was also born in County Tyrone, where he married and followed the occupation of laborer until about 1844. when he came to the United States with his family, settling in New York City, where he subsequently died. His widow some years later accompanied her children to ^lissouri and died in St. Joseph, at the age of "j^i years. Their children w^ere : Patrick, who came to the United States and to St. Joseph with his uncle, the first of the family, and died in California ; James, who died at an early age in Ireland ; Lettie, who died in New York, aged 20 years; Sallie (Mrs. Watson), who died in California : Michael, of this sketch; and Frank, who died in California.

Our subject spent his boyhood and early youth in his native land and in New York City. In 1856 the family decided to join the older brother, Patrick, and the maternal uncle, Michael McGee, at St. Joseph, Missouri. From St. Louis thev came up the river on the steamboat "Martha Jewett." Except for short absences, Mr. Curran has remained in Buchanan County ever since. His uncle was a harness-maker and Michael Curran learned that trade with his relative and worked at the same for some 25 years. In 1862, in company with his brother and brother-in-law, he started for the far West, but at Salt Lake City he concluded to return home. His brother and brother-in-law kept on to California, where both died. After a few months absence, Mr. Curran was again established in St. Joseph.

After accumulating sufficient capital, Mr. Curran purchased his present fine farm of 240 acres, located in section 9, Agency township. At that time it was heavily timbered and the old log cabin on the place had to be improved before it was a comfortable home, but it lasted as such until 1902, when the present commodious residence and substantial barn were erected. All the excellent improvements have been placed here by Mr. Curran, himself, including a five-acre orchard. He first made grain-growing his main business, but now devotes more attention to stock. He has prospered and ranks with the substantial men of his township.

At St. Joseph, in 1881, :\Ir. Curran was married to Maggie Deagens, who was born in Canada, and died in 1890, aged 25 years. She was a daughter of Archibald Deagens. The four children of this marriage were : Lettie, Frank, Maggie and Mary, who died in infancy.

In politics, Mr. Curran is a Democrat. He is a worthy member of the Catholic Church. A good farmer and kind and obliging neighbor, he is held in universal esteem throughout Agency township. Through his own efforts, he has become independent and he is but one more example of the certain rewards which attend industry, perseverance and upright living.

ATRICK P. KANE, one of the wellknown and popular and respected citizens of St. Joseph, who occupies the responsible position of chief of the city Fire Department, was born in Buchanan County, Missouri, March 5, 1864, and is a son of James and ]\Iary (Burke) Kane.

James Kane was born in Ireland but in voung manhood came to America and settled in Buchanan County. Missouri. By trade a mason, he worked at that for a number of vears and then

Patrick P. Kane was reared and educated in St. Joseph. In early manhood he took an interest in the Fire Department and as he possessed the physique and the physical courage necessary, he was admitted to membership in Hook and Ladder Company No. 2. in October, 1884. Strict attention to cluty and daring bravery in the face of danger attracted attention and in 1885 he was appointed foreman of his compan}- and still later, in the same year, was advanced to the position of assistant chief. He remained in this position until i8qt when he was made chief of the department, a promotion which met with the approbation of his subordinates and pleased his fellow citizens, who had learned to trust in his fidelity. The position of chief of the Fire Department of St. Joseph is no sinecure, as he has 12 engine houses and 72 men under his command.

In 1899, Chief Kane was married to !^Iargaret \'ahey, who is a daughter of Andrew Vahey, a native of England, and they have one daughter, - Gertrude. Their comfortable home is located at Noj 805 South nth street. Politically, the chief is a stanch Democrat. He is a consistent member of the Catholic Church.

RTHl"R W. BREWSTER, a lawyer of prominence in Buchanan County, is at the present time postmaster of St. Joseph, having been appointed to the office by President Roosevelt. February 8, 1902.

Mr. Brewster was born in Ashtabula, Ohio, in 1865, and is a son of A. S. Brewster, who took his family to Kansas in 1869. A. S. Brewster is a lawyer by profession and has three sons who are prominent in that profession. He is at the present time engaged in practice in Doniphan County. Kansas. The mother of our subject is also living, as are the following sons: S. i\I., prosecuting attorney of Doniphan County, Kansas ; Arthur W., our subject; R. R.. an attorney, of Kansas City. Missouri ; and Harry H.. who is assistant i)0stmaster of South St. Joseph. Two sisters of our subject are living, of whom one is unmarried and lives at home, while the other is the wife of I. B. Morgan, of Kansas City, Kansas.

moved to that State, and received his education in the grade and high schools and at Washburn College, from which he was graduated in 1890. He then studied law two years under the direction of his father and was admitted to the bar in Kansas, immediately thereafter moving to St. Joseph. He entered the law- ofSce of Huston & Farrish, and within a }-ear formed a partnership with the present police judge, P. J. Carolus, under the firm name of Carolus & Brewster. In the fall of 1894, he was elected to the Missouri State Senate, in which office he served four years, and in the meantime continued in the practice of the law. In 1896. when ]\Ir. Parrish was elected judge of the Circuit Court, the old firm was dissolved and in 1897 the firm of Huston & Brewster was established with offices in the German- Ame'rican Bank Building. It was a strong combination of legal talent and continued with success until dissolved by the death of ^Ir. Huston on November 24, 1903. Mr. Huston was recognized as one of the foremost lawyers of this section of the country and is greatly missed by the Buchanan County Bar. In 1898, ls.lv. Brewster was the Republican candidate for Congress but was defeated by the Democratic nominee, C. F. Cochran. He has ahvays been very active in working for Republican success in the campaigns, and stands high in the councils of his party.

On Christmas Day, 1894, Mr. Brewster was united in marriage with Ada Kanaga. of Hutchinson, Kansas, with whom he had attended Washburn College at Topeka. Religiously, Mrs. Brewster is a member of the Congregational Church. Fraternally. A. W. Brewster is a member of the Knights of Pythias, and of the Ancient Order of United Workmen.

APOLEON B. MILLER, a well-known farmer and stockman of ^^^ashington township, Buchanan County, residing on a very valuable farm of 215 acres, in section 34, was born here. April 23, 1859. in the residence which is still occupied by the family. He is a son of Isaac and Jane (Karnes) ^Miller.

The father of ]\fr. ]\Iiller was born in ^Ionroe County. \'irginia. in 1808. and died in Buchanan County, Missouri, ]\lay 29, 1866. His wife was also born in ]\Ionroe County and died here, Januarv 11, 1899. Both families were prominent ones in the "Old Dominion." In 1840, Isaac Mil- ler came to Buchanan County, Missouri, and settled in Washington township, entering a large tract of land which he subsequently cleared, improved and added to until, at his death, he owned 500 acres of fine land. He established three dairies and became one of the largest stockmen of the locality, his place being noted for its fine horses and excellent sheep and cows. In politics he was first a W hig and later a Democrat, being a leader in all township affairs. Six of his nine children still survive, namely: ^Martha S. (Mrs. ^latney) ; Amanda S. (^Nlrs. Albin) ; Sarah E. (Mrs. Goodlive) ; Arabella (Mrs. Wilkinson) ; Isaac A. and Napoleon B. The two sons own the home farm in partnership.

This farm now consists of 215 acres, 40 acres having been laid out in city lots, just north of St. Joseph, the subdivision being known as 'Tylaple Heights." It is a beautiful tract of land, admirably situated for residence purposes and the time is not far distant when it will be the home of wealth and aristocracy.

Our subject still occupies the old home in which he was born. It is a two-story, brick residence and when it was built, 45 years ago, was the finest home in all the surrounding region. Its walls are still solid, its brick uncrumbled and its timbers are sound, making it still one of the most comfortable residences on Ashland avenue, just one mile northeast of the present city limits. The farm is still devoted to general farming and stock-raising and under its present managenTent continues to be. what it has been for so many years, one of the most productive and valuable farms in Washington township. Mr. Miller, like his late father, has always been a Democrat, but is not a seeker for office. He is one of the solid, representative men of his localitv.

VLEX E. BISHOP. .AL D.. one of the most distinguished practitioners of medicine and surgery in the West, and for almost 40 years a physician at St. Joseph, whose portrait accompanies this sketch, passed away in this city on July 11. 1902. Dr. Bishop was born November 18, 1824, a worthy descendant of a fine old English familv, and a son of Jacob and Elizabeth (Elliott) Bishop. The family of Bishop was founded in New Hampshire in colonial days, and its representatives took prominent parts in all the early struggles with the Indians, and distinguished themselves in

Solomon Bishop, grandfather of Dr. Galen E., moved in 1800 from Virginia to Kentucky, and settled in Nelson County when his son Jacob was eight years old. The latter married Elizabeth Elliott, whose brother, Galen Elliott, was one of the most celebrated physicians of Somerset, Kentucky. Their father, Benjamin Elliott, moved to Kentucky from Maryland.

The late Dr. Bishop was born at Somerset, Pulaski Count}-, Kentucky, where he was made much of by his uncle. Dr. Elliott, and it is probable that thus was introduced an element which controlled the wlwle of his later life. In 1843 he accompanied his father and family to Platte County, Missouri, where the father died in 185 1. By trade he was a blacksmith and his son was trained to work at the forge, but from the age of 12 vears he was determined to make this only a stepping stone to assist him in securing a medical education. Every spare moment was devoted to studv of what medical works he could secure, spending every penny he could earn for their purchase, and thus he prepared himself for practice before he . had attained man's estate. During all these vears of hard work and close application, he never had a preceptor, never read an hour under any one's instructions, and he justly claimed the honor of being a self- taught physician.

Dr. Bishop first established himself in practice at New Market, Platte County, Missouri, in 1846, and from the first he was successful in his treatment of disease. In truth. Nature seemed to have designed him for healing, giving him the strong and steady nerve of the surgeon and the gentle, skilled hand of the physician. During the period of 19 years of practice in Platte Countv, his reputation constantly increased and his services were besought far and near. This rough country- practice in all seasons brought on an attack w hich threatened lung troubles and induced him. mainly, to look about him for another location. This resulted in his settling at St. Joseph, a point easily reached by his numerous patients, and in the spring of 1865 he became a practitioner in this city.

After locating here. Dr. Bishop devoted his attention to an office practice, making specialties of surgery and chronic diseases. In a way, he was a pioneer in this line here and many of the difficulties he met with in those early davs of practice have all passed away. He established a medical institution on Third street, St. Joseph, which became widely known and extended his fame and is a credit and ornament to the city. His extensive buildings were beautiful in architectural design and finish and were arranged with due regard for all sanitary conditions and fitted with every comfort and convenience possible for the accommodation of his patients from all over the land. Here Dr. Bishop performed quietly and skillfully some of the most difficult operations known to msdical science.

Originally, Dr. Bishop belonged to the Allo- ])athic school and thereby thoroughly acquainted himself with the merits of all medical systems. and in his practice he did not hesitate to adopt what had been proved rational, without regard to the school which originated the method. Thus his views were entirely devoid of that narrowness and unreasonable prejudice so characteristic of those who zealously advocate particular dogmas. The best works of all the ablest writers of all ?;chools of medicine could be found on his shelves, while his few hours of leisure were devoted to study and experiment. He was an enthusiastic student and, while his great library contained one of the best collections of medical works in the Western country, it also embraced the best authorities on law, theology, physical science and general literature. His beautiful library riim, which had dimensions of 22 by 30 feet, contained, in addition to his large collection of standard works, which were selected and arranged with studied care, many fine engravings and paintings, busts of noted scientists and other notable characters and many works of beauty and valuable articles of I'irlii.

Dr. Bishop claimed originality in medical science and he was supported in his claim by his wonderful success. Patients came to him from far distant States and carried back with them the proofs of his claims. He had been a contributor to medical literature for a long time, and in 1853 he established a medical journal of 32 pages, which he styled the Popular Journal of Medicine and Collateral Sciences, which continued for several months, Imt was abandoned on account of the time it took from his practice in its preparation. In it he expounded his views on many scientific subjects and it was a valuable mine of learning. He kept fully abreast of the times in modern scientific thought and was a subscriber and a reader of 20 different medical journals and periodicals, both foreign and American. His close study and faithful attention to his patients gave him very little time for recreation, and, remarkable as it may seem, during the last 12 vears of practice he did not lose a single da}', nor more than three months in a practice of 32 years. He was a living demonstration of the results of persevering industry. Possessing a kind and sympathetic nature his mere presence brought relief to those in pain and often he was able to cure without medicaments of any kind. He was honored and revered by hundreds of grateful patients and was esteemed in the highest degree by his fellow citizens among whom he had spent so many busy and fruitful years.

Dr. Bishop was survived by a widow and one son and one daughter, - Anna Lee and Galen E. He married Catherine T. Cochran, who is a daughter of Hon. Jesse Cochran, and she still is a resident of St. Joseph, occupying a beautiful home at No. 2610 North Second street. Deprived of a companionship of many years, she with her children cherishes the memory of one who occupied a very high place in his profession, in his home and in the hearts of all who knew him well.

James L. Spencer came from Kentucky to Buchanan County, Missouri, as early as 1836, and has successfully engaged in farming ever since. He is now located on Mitchell avenue road, three miles east of St. Jose])h. He has always been a stanch Democrat and in 1876 was elected sheriff of Buchanan County, an office to which he was reelected in 1888. He married a daughter of R. C. Thomas, who was an early resident of Buchanan County, living on a farm 12 miles south of St. Joseph until he removed to Piatt County in the "eighties," dying there at an advanced age. Mrs. Spencer was born in Buchanan County and has always lived here. As a result of her marriage she had five children, - two sons and three daughters who grew to maturity: Sarah P. ; Martin L. ; Alice, wife of Emery Hess, of St. Jose]ih : Katherine ; and James L., Jr.

the schools at Canton, ^Missouri. He began his active business career in St. Joseph and for a period of eight years served as steward at the State Hospital for Insane, No. 2, under Superintendent C. R. Woodson. He is an unswerving Democrat in politics, always taking an active part in the campaigns. He was elected sherifif of Buchanan County and served in such a creditable manner as to receive practically no opposition to his candidacy for a second term, which expires in 1905. He is a man of strong character and pleasing personality and stands high in the esteem of his fellow citizens.

Air. Spencer was united in marriage with Delia A. Finch, a daughter of T. N. Finch, a farmer and early resident of the Buchanan Count}-, who served as county recorder for a period of eight years. Two sons were born to bless their home, - Harold and John. The family home is at No. 316 North Fifth street, and it is there Mr. Spencer is always found during his leisure hours. Fraternally, he is a member of the Improved Order of Red A ten ; St. Joseph Lodge, No. 40, B. P. O. E. ; Modern Woodmen of America : and Invincible Lodge, No. 470, I. O. O. F. Religiously, Mrs. Spencer is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church.

UGO ZAGRODZKY, deceased, was for many years one of the good farmers and highly respected citizens of Washington township, Buchanan County, owning a well-cultivated farm of 50 acres in section 36, township 58, range 35. He was born on a farm seven miles from St. Paul, Minnesota, in 1857, '^"'^ ^^'^^ ^ ^o^"" of Victor Zagrodzky.

The father of our subject was a native of Poland, a country which has contributed to the United States many good and worthy citizens. He came to Buchanan County. Missouri, from Minnesota, when his son was eight years of age, and lived for four years in St. Joseph and then moved to what later became our subject's farm in Washington township.

From the age of 12 years, Hugo Zagrodzky followed farming on the farm in W'ashington township, which he left to his widow and children in good condition. He spent his whole life on the farm except seven years, during which period he resided in .St. Jose])h. He was an honest, industrious man, devoted to his family and was respected by all with whom he was acquainted. The land is verv valuable on account of its high state of cultivation, its improvements and its close location to St. Joseph, being within five miles of the heart of the city. The sons of Mr. Zagrodzky have cultivated the farm since the death of their father on October 27, 1899. They raise corn and hay as their main crops.

Our subject married Rosa Goss, who was born in Buchanan County, Missouri, and is a daughter of David Goss, who was one of the pioneers here. She has five children, namely : Ida (Mrs. Ryan) ; Frank. X'ictor, Albert and Minnie. The family belong to the Presbyterian Church, of which Mr. Zagrodzky was also a consistent member and liberal supporter. In politics he was a Democrat. He was a good neighbor, a kind husband and a devoted and careful father. His memory is preserved in loving hearts.

ILLIAAI E. JAMIESON. who has been prominent in the affairs of St. Joseph, for many years, was born in Glasgow, Scotland, March 27, 1854, and is a son of William and Elizabeth (Bell) Jamieson.

Thomas Jamieson, grandfather of our subject, was a Paisley weaver in Scotland, having a handloom in his home, on which he made his own shawls and cloth. He was a college-bred man. William Jamieson, father of our subject, was born in Scotland, and upon coming to the United States located in St. Joseph. Missouri, in 1863. He was formerly a marine engineer, running on the Allan line of steamers from Liverpool to Montreal. For 20 years he was engineer of Nunning's brewery at St. Joseph, and also worked in the machine shops later. He died in August, 1901. at the age of 70 years. He was on the first board of examining engineers at St. Joseph. Mrs. Elizabeth (Bell) Jamieson died June i, 1904, at the age of 73 years. The Bell family came to this country about the year 1849 <^^^ finally located in St. Joseph where the firm of Bell Brothers was a prominent one in business circles for some years. Of the children born to our subject's parents, A\'illiam E. was the oldest. He had two brothers and two sisters who reached maturity, as follows : j\Iaria F.. deceased in 1897, who was the wife of Emerson J. Potts, of San Francisco. California, here she practiced medicine for some years ; John B.. who was born in Scotland, died at Aurora, Illinois, March 20,

William E. Jamieson was reared in St. Joseph and attended Edward B. Neely's private school at the corner of loth and Francis streets. Upon leaving school, in 1867, he began to learn the trade of a harness-maker, serving an apprenticeship under Israel Landis. He then served a four-years apprenticeship in the machine shop of Burnside, Crowthers & Rogers, and in 1875 entered the employ of the St. Jose])h & Denver City Railroad Company, now known as the St. Joseph & Grand Island Railway Company, with which he remained 13 years. He was then superintendent of the St. Joseph Sand Company until the fall of 1890, and from that time until January 31, 1892, worked for the St. Joseph Terminal Company. In 1892 he organized the Jamieson, "Ment & Combe Iron \\^orks, but this was soon changed to the Jamieson-Combe Iron Works, a corporation. They began on Charles street in a small way, doing chiefly general repairs in iron work, and in a short time their business was more than doubled. Our subject continued as president of the company until September, 1904, when he disposed of his interest. In that year, with his two oldest sons as associates, he established the Jamieson Machine Company. They erected a two-story brick building, 40 by 120 feet, at Nos. 213-215 North Second street, adapted especially for a modern machine shop. It has the most modern equipment of any machine shop in this section of the country, electricity being used as motive power.

Politically, "Sir. Jamieson has always been a stanch Republican, and since 1886 has been an active worker for party success. In that year he was elected a member at large to the Council from the Fifth Ward, one of the first elected under the city's charter as a city of the second class, and was reelected in 1888, but in 1890 was defeated from the Seventh Ward. He was elected local alderman from the Seventh Ward in 1891, serving two years, and was reelected in 1895 and 1900 for terms of two years, serving as president of the upper house the last year. He was a candidate for mayor in 1902, but was defeated at the primaries by C. J. Borden.

Mr. Jamieson was united in marriage with Amelia C. Emmeluth, who was born in St. Joseph and is a daughter of William Emmeluth, who came here in the "fifties." Six children bless this union, nanuiv : William T., associated with our subject in the machine business, who is a Mason and Shriner ; John B., also associated in the business ; Richard, who is attending grammar school ; Elizabeth, wdio is attending high school ; and Corinne and Josephine, who live at home. Fraternally. Mr. Jamieson is a Mason, having held all the offices in the Blue Lodge up to master, and is a member of all the York rite bodies in St. Joseph, including the Shrine. He is past commander of .St. Joseph Tent, No. 23, _K. (). T. M. In religious views, Mrs. Jamieson is a Lutlieran, and her children. Episcopalians.

ILLIAM F. ALLISON, one of the well-known agriculturists of Rush township, Buchanan County, who resides on his well-improved farm of 100 acres, situated in section 23, belongs to one of the oldest pioneer families of this locality. He was born on the old Allison homestead in Rush township, July 29, 1856, and is a son of John H. and Dicy Ann (Trapp) Allison.^

William Allison, the paternal grandfather, resided in Kentucky where John H. Allison was born, in 18 13. About 1832 John H. Allison came to Missouri and located in the Platte Purchase in what is now Lafayette County, where he followed farming until 1835. In that year he came to Buchanan County, but returned to Lafayette County soon thereafter, where he continued to reside, engaged in agricultural pursuits, until 1837. when he removed to Buchanan Comity and settled permanently in Rush township, where he spent the remainder of his life. His wife, Dicy Ann Trapp, was a daughter of Rev. William Trapp, of Andrew County, a minister of the Ba])tist Church, and a sister of Rev. William R. Trapp, of Nodaway County, a minister of the Christian Church. They had 12 children: Jasper C. : Dora, who died in infancy : Houston, who is a farmer in Rush township ; Florilla, deceased, who was the wife of the late Ambrose Seever ; William F., who is the subject of this sketch; Tyrrell, who died in childhood ; Sarah Frances, .'\lwilda and John Henry^ all of whom died in childliood ; George M., who resides in St. Joseph ; Polly Ann, who is the wife of William Stanton, a farmer of Rush township ; and James, who is a resident of Gower, Missouri. John H. Allison was a man of consequence in his community, was a justice of the peace for 12 years, and was held in universal esteem by his fellow citizens. In politics he was a Democrat of the Douglas school. For many years he was an elder in the Christian Church.

\\'illiam F. Allison spent his boyhood like other youths of his locality, attending school in the old log house. i)rovided by the district for educational purposes, until the age of i8 years and in the meantime learning practical farming on the homestead. He has always been a farmer and stock-raiser and has given much careful attention to fruit growing, having orchards of ai)ple, peach, pear and small fruits. Mr. x\llison owns lOO acres of land here, all of which he has under an excellent state of cultivation. His improvements are all of a substantial character and indicate thrift, comfort and convenience.

On January 6. 1879, Mr. Allison was united in marriage with Rodilla Seever, who is a daughter of W. P. Seever, a farmer of Rush township. They have had nine children, namely: Geneva, who married William H. Page, a farmer of Bloom ingt on township, and has one child, - Myrtle Ruth; Edward C. and Frederick M., both of whom are teachers ; Mary Ethel, who died in childhood ; Grover C, Lena, Robert S. and John Wyatt, all of whom still reside at home ; and Ruby, who died in infancy.

PoHtically, Mr. Allison is a stanch Democrat. He has never accepted any local office with the exception of that of school director, his interest ir. educational matters making him willing to serve as such. For a number of years he has been one of the elders of the Sugar Creek Christian Church, in which he was formerly a deacon. Mr. Allison is known as a good farmer, as an honest and upright man and as a citizen who is in every way a credit to Rush township.

nSEPH ANDRTANO, who is a member of the City Council of St. Joseph, whose portrait accompanies this sketch, is a well-known citizen of the city, where he has been engaged in the manufacture of carbonated drinks for many years. The establishment conducted by him was established by his father as early as 1858, being the first bottling works in the city. He was born in Heidelberg, Germany, October 15, 184T, and is a son of Albert and Lizette (Meyer) Andriano.

he was knighted in 1600. He located at Manheim, Germany, where he established a tobacco factory and an oil mill, manufacturing oil from nuts. He also established the first porcelain manufactory in Germany and for his enterprise was knighted in that countr}-, where he died. The paternal grandmother of our subject was a viscountess.

Albert Andriano's uncle, Lawrence Brentano, was the instigator of the Brentano Revolution in Germany, in 1848, in which both fought. After the strife had been quelled, they came to America, Albert Andriano locatin.g in St. Louis and Lawrence Brentano, in Chicago, Illinois, in later years becoming Member of Congress from Cook County. Tor many years he was editor of the Sfaafs- Zeitimg. From St. Louis, Mr. Andriano removed to St. Joseph where he conducted a boarding house tmtil 1858, in which year he established the plant for bottling and manufacturing cari)onated drinks. He was very successful in this venture and continued until 1862, when he disposed of his interest to his son, thereafter living in retirement until his death September 11, 1882, aged 73 years. He was a very active Republican in politics and for one year was president of the City Council. His wife, whose maiden name was Lizette Aleyer, was born in Dantzic, Germany, where her father was an extensive brewer. Her only brother, who succeeded his father in business, died in 1875, leaving a personal estate of $250,000 and con'^iderable realty. Her first marriage was with a ^Ir. Borngesser in Germany, and they had six children, all of whom came to St. Joseph, as follows : Henry, who now resides in St. Louis ; William, who lives with his sister, Mrs. Bombeck; Jacob, Theodore and Mary, deceased; and Cordelia, wife of D. F. Bombeck, who lives on 22nd street, St. Josejih. Mrs. Borngesser was joined in marriage with Albert Andriano in Germany. After the failure of the Brentano Revolution, the family were separated and were reunited at Havre, France, in 1849, ^^'i^^ sailed for St. Louis by way of New Orleans. They became parents of two children : Joseph and Lena. Lena Andriano married Col. G. H. Koch, who died in New York state. She formed a second union with Dr. Hildebrand, of Chicago, Illinois, and they resided in Berlin, Germany, for a time, finally locating in San Francisco, California, where the Doctor died and where Mrs. Hildebrand now lives. The mother of our subject died in St. Joseph in 1877, aged 75 years.

two years, and was seven and a half years old when he came to St. Joseph. Here he first attended the old school where the Tootle Theatre now is, under F. X. Stuppy as teacher, then a school on South Fourth street taught by a Catholic priest. He went to Joseph Trice to receive instruction in German, and later to Charles Burnes, who when the Civil War broke out organized a company for service in the Union Army. Mr. Andriano joined Company C, of the State Infantry, with which he served one year, being .advanced to the rank of sergeant-major. When Henry R. ^\^ Hartwig recruited a battery, our subject joined and was elected ist lieutenant; the battery was attached to Company E, 25th Reg., Missouri \'ol. Inf. He was elected captain of the battery and served as such until the close of the war, after four years of hard service. In 1862, he purchased his father's interest in the bottling works established by him, and conducted it alone for four years. He then took Louis Fuelling into the partnership, and they continued until 1869 when he sold his interest to Air. Fuelling. He then went to Chicago and engaged in the passenger omnibus business in partnership with his father-in-law, William H. Younor,

Wabash avenue and 22nd street to Lake street, and later established the Lincoln Park Omnibus Line, but they were burned out in the great Chicago fire of 1871. They gained a new start and continued the business for about one year, when they were compelled to close because of the panic of 1873. Air. Andriano then returned to St. Joseph and accepted the position of chief of the registry department under Postmaster Francis M. Posegate. He resigned two years later and in 1880 was elected city collector on the Republican ticket, serving as such until 1885. He then purchased an interest in the firm of J. B. Huber & Company, composed of Isaac Ballinger, Nicholas J. Schlupp and John B. Huber. The firm was changed to the St. Joseph Brewing Company, and our subject was elected president and manager. After Air. Ballinger's death, it was reorganized as a stock company under the same name and Air. Andriano continued as president and manager until 1892 when he sold his stock. In the fall of 1886, he was elected sheriff of Buchanan County, his being the honor of having been the only Republican elected for a period of 16 years. He served until January i, 1889, and from 1891 to 1893 served as county treasurer. In 1894 he was again elected sherifif of the county and served with credit throughout the term of two vears. He is now a member of the City Council, and in 190 1 was elected to the upper house for a term of four years. He is now devoting his attention to the bottling business which he established in 1899, building a structure for that purpose on Patee street, between Eighth and Ninth streets. The plant has a capacity of 1,000 cases per day and is one of the most successful in the city.

Air. Andriano was married in Chicago to Isabelle Young, who was born in New Jersey and is a daughter of ^^'illiam H. Young. Her father came from New Jersey to St. Joseph in i860 and engaged in outfitting trains for the West. After his experiences in Chicago as told above, he returned to St. Joseph, where he lived until his death. This union was blessed by the birth of one son and a daughter, namely : William Albert, who died in infancy ; and Airs. J. D. Alartin, whose husband is a member of the wholesale dry goods house of Tootle, AMieeler & Alotter Alercantile Company. Fraternally, Air. Andriano is a member of Zeredatha Lodge, No. 189, A. F. & A. AI.. and the Royal Arch Chapter. He is also a member of the Improved Order of Red Alcn, Knights of Pythias, Ancient Order of United Workmen au-d the Turn-Verein. In religious views, he and his familv are liberal.

OHN AI. FRAZER. a capitaHst and prominent citizen of St. Joseph, was for many years engaged in the wholesale grocery business in this city as a member of the well-known firm of Turner, Frazer & Company. He has been a resident of St. Joseph continuously since 1864 and is widely known throughout this section of the country.

Air. Frazer was born in Cumberland County, Pennsylvania, and when a boy, in 1853, removed to Oregon. Alissouri, where an older brother was located. After remaining there a period of seven years, he removed to Forest City, Alissouri. where in. i860 he formed a partnership with R. E. Turner and H. L. Williams and engaged in a general merchandise business. In 1863. in Holt Countv. he recruited a company for the 12th Regiment, Alissouri \'ol. Cav., in the L'nion Army, but most of his men being over age the government \\ould not receive them into the service, although nearly all of the men were of the highest character and were willing to fight for their country. The success of the partners in their mercantile venture was such as to warrant them in seeking a wider field for operation and in 1864 the firm of Turner, Frazer & Company was estabHshed in St. Joseph, with place of business on Fourth street. After continuing there some three years, the firm removed in 1868 to Third street. In the early "seventies" they erected a commodious building on Charles street, with improved facilities for handling the largely increased volume of business. The firm name of Turner, Frazer & Company was familiar to the people throughout the northwest part of the State and continued so until the business was sold in 1898 to the firm of Letts, Spencer & Company, a corporation in which our subject is a stockholder. Since that date ]Mr. Frazer has lived practically in retirement, although he still has large investments which require his attention. He has been one of the city's most progressive citizens and has always been enthusiastic in his support of such measures and enterprises as were likely to advance the city's interests. He was foremost among those enterprising spirits who secured the erection of the Board of Trade Building on Third and Edmond streets, one of the best equipped and largest office buildings in the city, in which is located the Merchants' Bank, the St. Joseph & Grand Island Railway offices, many grain brokers and dealers, the Commercial Club rooms, and until recently the ofiices of the Western Union Telegrai)h Company. He has large investments in property in and surrounding St. Joseph, to which he devotes his sole attention at the present time.