Saline County, Missouri - The whole text, 1881 (part 11 of 28)

Early in January, the preliminary examination of John S. Womack, before Esquire Hawley, of Marshall, on a charge of complicity in the murder of Maj. Cockrell, in Blackwater township, resulted in Womack's discharge.

In July, the county officials becoming alarmed at the unsafe condition of the court house, removed the offices to buildings on the north side of the square.

At the fair in Marshall, in September, Robert H. Pisher and R. G. Mbntague, had an affray, in which Fisher stabbed and killed Montague, the latter dying in twenty minutes. Upon preliminary examination, Fisher was admitted to bail in the sum of $5000.

1880. The presidential election of 1880 excited much interest in the county, by reason of the probability of the success of the democratic party, with Gen . W. S. Hancock as its standard-bearer. - The defeat of Gen. Hancock was not only a matter of great regret, but of complete surprise to the majority of the people of the county. The vote in Saline county stood:

The winter of 1880-1 was one of uncommon severity. The weather was extremely cold, and in February and March, 1881, there was a heavy snow fall, which drifted in huge piles, filling up roads and making travel almost impossible. Trains were blockaded, and much inconvenience resulted.

On Sunday evening, April 3, 1881, the court house building, in Marshall, was destroyed by fire, the work of an incendiary. For some time the building had been deemed unsafe, and had been abandoned, and little but the empty building remained. The walls soon after fell in, and in a short time not much remained but a shapeless pile of brick and mortar.

A meeting of the citizens of the county, by delegates, was held in June, and it was agreed to ask the county court to submit to the votes of the county, a proposition to iexpend $51,800 for the erection of a new building.

The Missouri river was higher this spring than at any time since 1844. The bottoms were submerged, and a great deal of damage done, although there were but two persons drowned in this county. A young man, near Laynesville, from the country; and another below Miami. The river covered the track of the Chicago and Alton railroad, in the Glasgow bottom, and trains were stopped for some days.

By no means the least interesting chapter in the history of Saline county, is that concerning its newspapers. All are interested in knowing the history and mutations of such potent agencies of modern society. Editors of newspapers are in a great measure pioneer historians, whose daily labors furnish the material in detail, from which nearly all modern history is constructed; and therefore, some notice in this work is due the editorial corps of Saline county, past and present.

It was the life of a generation, after the admission of Missouri as a state of the Union, before the era of railroad building, and of "local" newspapers set in. Until 1865 no newspapers had been published in Saline. The weeklies of the great cities were the only journals circulated. During this long era, the old whig party was mostly predominant in Jackson, Lafayette and Saline counties, and the St. Louis Refublican, the St. Louis yournal, and the Columbia Statesman furnished most of their periodical reading, while the St. Louis Democrat, and the Louisville Democrat, were taken and read by the democratic party.

In the great presidential canvass of 1856 - the prelude to the still more stormy and eventful canvass of 1860 - the era of railroads had begun, and with it the era of county newspapers. The old whig party, on the death of its great leader, Henry Clay, had gone utterly to pieces, and its members, had at first gone almost in a body into the "know-nothing" or American party. In 1856 this party, though it made a national nomination, was already in a rapid process of disintegration, (except in some localities,) and its members mostly joined the new republican party, in the north, and the old democratic party in the south.

Never before had there been a more warmly contested election in Saline than that of 1856. The American partjj^ (as it was still called here) nominated Wm. H. Letcher for the legislature, and the democratic party nominated Judge R. E. McDaniel, who had previously belonged to the old whig party. Mr. Letcher, though then quite a young man, had already acquired a reputation that extended beyond the limits o6 his own county - while Judge McDaniel stood high, not only among the democrats, but among his old whig associates. The contest was keen and spirited, but honorable and manly. Such leading and influential Americans (or old whigs) as Letcher, Wilson, Crews, Bruce, Maupin, Lewis, Price, Hardeman, and others, readily subscribed the money necessary to fit up a printing office, and establish a newspaper, which they placed under the editorial and business control of Oscar D. Hawkins ; and thus, the first newspaper, - named the Saline County Herald, - ever published in Saline county, was started, It was a small sheet, in long primer type, and R. S.

Sandidge, now of the Saline County Progress, and Capt. Jas. Allen, now of St. Louis, were the " devils," and did most of the mechanical labor of the office. The Americans carried the county by a small majority, and Mr. Letcher was elected. Mr. Hawkins continued as editor of the Herald for about one year, then resigned, and lives now in Warrensburg, Missouri, and holds a public position in Johnson county. The Herald started with a paid-up subscription list of about 1,000 names ; the office of publication was a small 20x30 foot room, in what was then known as " Dog Row," and made money fast and easy for some years.

On the resignation of Mr. Hawkins, Col. George W. Allen became the sole editor and proprietor. The campaign of 1856, did not end the contest between the Americans and democrats for the control of Saline county. And, as might have been expected, it was not very long after the Herald made its appearance, before the leading democrats realized the fact that their party must also have a party organ, and such men as C. F. Jackson, (afterwards governor), John W. Bryant, Esq., Judge McDaniel, etc., speedily purchased the material, an,d established the Marshall Democrat, edited and published by John S. Davis, a man of culture and a practical printer.

About this time, as the campaign of 1858 approached, the Herald, under the control of Col. Allen, failed to give satisfaction as a party organ. It was conducted with first-class ability, but Col. Allen (who was afterwards killed at the battle of Wilson's creek while acting as aid on Gen. Price's staff ), had already begun to lean towards the democratic party, at least so the Americans thought. This feeling of dissatisfaction culminated in a third newspaper, published in Marshall, and known as the Saline county Standard, of which Samuel Boyd, Esq., was editor, and the Sandidge Bros., had charge of the mechanical department.

About this time, the local canvass of 1859, " personal journalism," may be said to have been at its zenith in Saline, and as a result, personal encounters were not infrequent. A mark^ recently to be seen in the walls of the Ming hotel, showed where a bullet struck, that was directed at Sam'l Boyd, editor of the Standard, by John S. Davis, editor of the Democrat.

Soon after the commencement of the publication of the Standard, the office of the Herald was moved to Arrow Rock, where Col. Allen and his son, Capt. James Allen, continued to publish it until the spring of 1861, when in May of that year it was merged in the Marshall Democrat. The Standard soon after also suspended. The Democrat continued a few weeks longer, and closed about the last of June, 1861 - and editors, typos, " devils," and all entered the army, north or south. As already stated. Col. Allen was killed at the battle of Wilson Creek. Most o^ the others survived the war. J. S. Davis lives now in St. Louis, as does also James

Allen. Samuel Boyd, Esq., is now, as then, a leading member of the Marshall bar. Messrs. R. S. and D. M. Sandidge are now the publishers of the Saline County Progress,

The Saline County Progress was the fourth paper ever established in this county, and has existed a much longer period of time than any other paper as yet published in the county. It was established in Marshall in July, 1865, by R. S. and D. M. Sandidge, and throughout most of its career it has been essentially a county paper. From the little six column weekly with which it begun, it has steadily progressed, until it now issues a nine column weekly and a daily as large as its first weekly edition. The Progress, for some ten years or more, has been owned by a joint stock company, and by its age and the experienced management of the Messrs. Sandidge, it is now not only self-sustaining, but yields a handsome per cent, on the money invested. About three-fourths of the stock is owned by the Sandidge Bros., under whose charge the paper has existed and prospered for sixteen years.

The Saline County Democrat was established in Marshall by Mr. Barnabas Frazee, in November, 1872, and is now in the tenth year of its existence. In the hotly contested local canvass of 1874, it attained a position as an unqualified democratic paper, which it has since continually sustained. In November, 1875, the Democrat was purchased by Mr. James H. Eakin (recently deceased); and under his control, and the editorship of Dr. C. A. Clarkson, its continued and flourished until October, 1880, when it passed into the editorial control of Mr. J. M. Yantis, a gentleman of some editorial experience, who has vigorously maintained its strong democratic line of principles. The Democrat may now be considered an established institution.

Saline county has been, in a measure, a graveyard for newspapers - so many have arisen, run a brief career, and then, like all the good, died young. More than half a dozen, since the war, besides the Progress and Democrat, have been started in Saline, and have perished. In 1868, Messrs. Bierbower & Maynard established in Marshall

The Marshall Banner

THE MARSHALL BANNER, with Vincent Bierbower as editor. It was stalwart republican in politics, and conducted with marked ability, but it perished for the want of patronage in about 'fifteen months. After the demise of the Banner, a Mr. Hampton, of Illinois, started in Marshall the

This paper was also republican in politics, and in his salutatory, Mr. Hampton announced that he had provisioned the crew of his little craft with one year's stores, and he " hoped then, to be able to announce that the enterprise was a paying investment." The Refublican continued to exist two years, there or thereabouts, and then 'perished in the political revolution in Missouri in 1870. It was a fairly good paper,. and conducted with fair ability.

In January, 1877, Dr. W. S.. Holland, started the Irrepressible Conflict in Marshall, as an organ of the prohibitionists in particular, and of temperance in general. It is said to have been the first paper of its kind in the state. It was published semi-monthly. At the end of fifteen months the books and good will of the Conflict were sold to F. M. Bemis, and was merged into the National Prohibitionist, of St. Louis, which also died in a year.

The Marshall Gazette

In the winter of 1877 and '78, Messrs. Frazee, Bryant & Bush started the Marshall Gazette in Marshall, a democratic and county newspaper, edited by W. D. Bush. A great deal of labor, mental and mechanical, was put upon this paper, and it was conducted with very decided ability, and zeal for democratic principles, but at the end of the year it gave out financially, and ceased to exist.

The Brownsville Herald

The Brownsville Herald was established, in Brownsville, in this county, in August, 1874, by a joint-stock company, called the "Brownsville Publishing Company," and leased to Rev. W. M. Prottsman and George W. Tuthill, then of Jefferson City - Mr. Prottsman as editor, and Mr. Tuthill business manager. At the end of the first year, Mr. Prottsman retired, and the office was leased to Tuthill, as editor, and Mr. J. W. Middleton, under the firm name of Tuthill & Middleton, until May, 1876, when Mr. Middleton's place was taken by Rev. Wm. J. Lapsley, under the firm name of Geo. W. Tuthill & Co., with Robert F. Yantis as business manager. In September, 1876, Mr. Lapsley sold his interest to Mr. Tuthill, who then became sole editor and business manager. The office is still owned by the Brownsville Publishing Company, with Mr. Samuel Shanks as president. Dr. B. F. Dunkley, vice-president; P. D. Vandyke, treasurer, and J. L. Ferguson, secretary. Mr. Tuthill is editor and pubHsher, and the Herald is steadily gaining in circulation and influence. The Herald is doing earnest work for Brownsville and Saline county - a reward due the . persistent effort, enterprise and

Brownsville Banner

BROWNSVILLE BANNER. Previous to the establishment of the Herald, and tor a time thereafter, a paper, called the Brownsville Banner, was conducted in Brownsville, by a Mr. Peterson - but it ceased to exist in 1875.

Miami Cable

MIAMI CABLE. In 187T, a small paper, called the Miami Cable, was started in Miami by Mr. Reynolds. In a short time it was transferred to Arrow Rock, by the same person, and there discontinued the next year.

The Miami Index

THE MIAMI INDEX. The Miami Index, a democratic paper, was established at Miami, in Saline county, March, 1874, by Calhoan & Kirby. In November, of the same year, Mr. Kerby became sole proprietor. In March, 1875, Mr. Kirby sold out to Calhovan & Daggett, who ran it until January, 1876, when they sold it to Messrs. Henry £. & Wm. M. Smith. In a year or so after, Henry E. Smith became sole proprietor, and continued so, with W. M. L. Irvine as editor, until the paper was transferred to Slater, Saline county, under the name of

The Saline County Index was removed to Slater, in the fall of 1880, where it has since been published (until very recently), by Maxfield & Smith - now solely by Henry E. Smith. It claims to be a local, not a political paper, but its publisher is a democrat.

is a newspaper started in Miami, since the transfer of the Index to Slater, and edited by T. H. Graves. It is devoted to the interests of the county, generally, but especially of Miami township. It was established in the fall of 1880, by T. J. Graves. It was conducted by him until February, 1881, when he sold out to his brother, Mr. T. H. Graves, present editor and proprietor.

Slater Sentinel

The first paper published in Slater, Saline county, was the Slater Sentinel, in 1879, by Mr. James Eastin, formerly of the Glasgow yournal, - afterwards, Eastin & Schaub. The Sentinel was discontinued in the spring of 1880. Democratic in politics.

The Slater Monitor

THE SLATER MONITOR. The Monitor, J. R. Miller, editor and proprietor, was first established in this county, in Marshall, in 1879, where it was continued about a year, and was then moved to Slater, in Jan., 1880, by Mr. J. R. Miller, who is a native of Ralls county, Missouri. He first established the Monitor at Jacksonville, Illinois, as a " greenback " paper, and through all its mutations, it has continued " greenback " in politics to the present time, - with one page edited by Mrs. Miller, and devoted to the temperance cause. The Monitor is now prospering and is said to be on a firm basis.

The Marshall News

Besides the Saline county Progress and Democrat, there are four other newspapers established, or about to be established in Marshall - the daily and weekly News - the weekly Independent Missourian, the Irrepressible Conjlict and the Marshall Re-publican.

The Marshall Daily News

The Marshall daily News was established in June, 1879, by John C. Patterson, formerly connected with the Progress office, in Marshall. Mr. Patterson was quite a young man at that time, - not yet twenty-one years old. Almost without capital, it seemed a hopeless enterprise, - starting a daily newspaper in a town of little less than three thousand inhabitants. Young as he was, however, he brought to his aid the most unflagging energy, industry, perseverance and self-assertion, and has, at length, succeeded in making the daily News, (a five-column sheet, printed all at home), self-supporting ; while the weekly News is paying handsomely, and is established upon a firm basis. The weekly News was established in October, 1879, first on the co-operative plan, but is now printed entirely at home. As yet, th'e News has taken no part in politics, though Mr. Patterson is a democrat. The indomitable pluck of its founder deserves success, and it has before it a fair and hopeful future.

The Independent Missourian

The Independent Missourian was established in Marshall in April, 1880, by Dr. W. S. Holland and S. E. DeRacken, as the organ of the prohibitionists, and devoted to the cause of temperance, generally. The paper is. a seven column sheet. It started with a large circulation, and claims to have held the same steadily. In the spring of 1881, Dr. Holland sold his interest in the /. M., to Mr. DeRacken - and the firm is riow DeRacken & DeRacken, with S. E. DeRacken as editor. It claims to be independent in politics, and devoted to temperance, prohibition and the moral interests of the county generally.

The Irrepressible Conflict

This paper, a two column octavo of sixteen pages, was estabHshed, or rather, revived in Marshall in June, 1881, by Dr. W. S. Holland, and unlike its predecessor, devoted solely and wholly to the cause of prohibition. It is issued semi-monthly, and bears the usual impress of Dr. Holland's earnest and vigorous pen.

THE (ARROW ROCK) ENTERPRISE. Some years ago, Mr. Scott Mills, son of Mr. Henry S. Mills, of Arrow Rock, then but a boy, started a six column monthly, or a convenience, paper, called the Enterfrise, The object of the Enterfrise was a special advertising medium for the business of H. S. Mills & Co. Mr. Scott Mills is a gentleman of excellent abilities, and he has made his Enterfrise a spicy, newsy and readable paper, as well as an advertising medium.

The Missouri State Republican

This is the very latest newspaper enterprise in Saline county to the present date. The founders of this new journalistic enterprise are Messrs. A. G. Harlan, of Andrew county, Missouri, and M. R. Stansbury, of Illinois. This paper is to make its first appearance iil this present month of June, 1881, with A. G. Harlan as editor, and Mr. Stansbury as business manager, and is to "be republican in politics.

The first effort at forming a medical society was made just after the close of the war, by two or three physicians, then living in and around Marshall, which was a failure, however, in consequence of the disturbed condition of society. A schedule of fees was adopted, but it, too, failed of general acceptance.

In 1868, Drs. E. S, Clarkson, Sam Smith, Chastain, Good, C. A. Clarkson, Tucker, and several others, met at the office of Drs. Good & Gale, organized an association, called the Saline County Medical Society, and elected Dr. E. S. Clarkson, president, Dr. , vice-president, and Dr. Good, secretary. This society also adopted a schedule of fees, and continued for three years to meet and transact business. The same officers Were continued until 1871, when it gradually ceased to meet.

In 1874, the number"of physicians in Marshall having increased considerably, notice was given to all the physicians in the county, that a meeting would be held on the 27th of January, 1874, in Marshall, at the office of Drs. Tucker & Anderson, for the purpose of organizing a medical society, or of reorganizing. The following physicians responded to the call: Doctors Staples, Lewis, Morris, Combs, Hall, Chastain, Duggins, Garnett, C. A. Clarkson, Tucker, and Anderson. The object of the meeting, as briefly explained by Dr. Combs, was to form a medical association, for the mutual diffusion of medical knowledge in the profession, to advance the interests of the profession in this county, and to bring physicians together for the interchange of opinion, the report of interesting

After fully considering the matter, it was determined to reorganize - that is, to adopt the constitution and by-laws which governed the previous society of 1868, which was' accordingly done, and the present society organized as a continuance, with the same constitution and by-laws, and the same name - that of the Saline County Medical Society. Dr . Matthew W. Hall was then elected president; Dr. Staples, first vice-president; Dr, Tucker, second vice-president, and Dr. Combs, third vice-president; Dr. Garnett, treasurer, and Dr. Anderson, secretary.

Under this organization the society has continued to the present time, and thereby proved itself now one of the permanent institutions of Saline county, and meets regularly in Marshall, once a month. Occasionally it has failed to meet at the regular times, from inclemency of the weather, or other transient causes, but, on the whole, it may now be classed as one of the county's fixed institutions.

The officers of the society are elected at the May meeting, of each year. The following is a list of presidents, down to the present time, from the beginning: Drs. E. S. Clarkson, M. W. Hall, G. H. Bowers, F. A. Combs, E. M. Talbott, E. S. Clarkson (twice), B. St. George Tucker (twice), and C. L. Hall.

Of these highly esteemed and able physicians, one is now dead. Dr. E. S. Clarkson, and two have left the state. Dr. F. A. Combs to California, and Dr. B. St. George Tucker to Colorado.

Doctobs. Postopficb The Fair Associations

Nq reports from the agricultural societies of the county have been received, although solicited. It is known, however, that as early as 1839 the county court ordered the sheriff to summon the citizens of the county to meet at Jonesboro and form an agricultural and mechanical association. Whether or not this was done cannot now be stated.f

This association was probably the first of the kind formed in the county. It was organized in 1856. Gov. M. M. Marmaduke was the first president. The citizens of Miami ' township t^ok a majority of the shares of stock of the association, and upon a* vote of the stockholders to determine where the grounds of the association should be located and its exhibitions held, the town of Miami was selected as such location. The first fair was there held in the year 1857.

During the civil war no exhibitions were held and the operations of the association were generally suspended. The grounds were occupied by the soldiery and the fencing and amphitheater totally destroyed. After the close of the war the association was revived, the grounds repaired, new buildings, etc^, put up, and fairs were held.

f A meeting of the citizens of Saline county for the purpose of forming a county agricultural society is ordered to be held in Jonesboro on the 17th of June, next, and the sheriff is ordered to give notice of the same by advertisements, put up in the different townships in this county. - Extract from the journal of proceedings of the county court. Mm/, 1839.

In early days in Missouri and Saline county, aU able-bodied men, between the ages of eighteen and forty-five, were required to organize into companies, choose officers, and meet at stated times and places for drill and exercise in military evolutions. The company commissioned officers were a captain and lieutenants. Companies were organized into battalions; battalions into regiments, with colonels, lieutenant-colonels, majors and other field officers ; regiments into brigades, with a brigadiergeneral in command; brigades into divisions, with a major-general in command, and the whole under the charge of the governor, ex-officio commander-in-chief of the military forces of the state.

In Saline county, company musters were held in nearly every township, at a town, if there was one in the township, and if there was no town, then at some other convenient public place. Battalion musters were held at Miami, Jonesboro, Marshall, Keyser's bridge, over Salt Fork, and elsewhere. General musters were at the county seat usually.

The militia of the county were all required to attend these musters, or present a satisfactory reason for a failure, or else suffer a fine. They were also required to bring their arms with them, if they had any, and in early days, these arms must be " in good order." As not every man had a gun, numbers went through the manual of arms with sticks, cornstalks, and other implements. As not every officer had a sword, " daggers of lath," and sabers and rapiers of pine were waved and flourished in directing the movements of the troops.

All the drilling that was done, however, was not of a very effective sort. The drill-masters were not very efficient, to begin with, and their tactics differed very widely from the more modern ones of Hardee and Upton. Then the " troops " were undisciplined, and resented all attempts to force them to become the " machines," which the Duke of Wellington said all men should become, in order to be good soldiers. Indeed, general musters were only kept up and submitted to by the people, for a long time.

on account of the "fun " that always attended them. The theory was a good one - that in time of peace people should prepare for war, and that a well regulated militia was necessary to the peace and security of a country; but, in practice, musters became troublesome, inconvenient, and unhandy, and productive of no good, and the legislature abolished the militia law about the time of the breaking out of the Mexican war.

The provisions of the militia law were changed from time to time, but as a general rule, company musters were held once a month, battalion musters, twice a year, and general musters, yearly. The men were not uniformed. The officers were compelled to uniform themselves, at their own expense. The state furnished a great many arms and equipments, chiefly holster and dragoon pistols, belts, sabers and the like. At Marshall these arms were turned over to Major John W. Bryant, who stored them away, and in 1850, parties going to California, broke into the building and appropriated the most of them.

One thing surely the musters produced - a bountiful supply of military titles. The county was abundantly furnished with captains and majors, and colonels, many of whom, though they never set a squadron in the field, or knew the evolution of a legion, yet were glorious to behold when they were clad in their showy uniforms, and mounted upon their spirited steeds, leading their commands to the drill ground.. But though* at times the parades were conducted with all the pomp and circumstance of glorious war, they came to be considered, as they were, nuisances, and the performances ridiculous and farcical.

There were not drillings and meetings enough to render the militiamen trained soldiers, and there were too much for comfort. Courts-martial convened at the court house quite frequently for the trial of offenders against the militia law, and many a luckless delinquent was fined for his non-attendance at drills or musters, or for other offenses.

There was always fun at the musters, more or less in quantity and better or worse in quality. Great crowds attended the general musters. Old darkies were there with spruce beer and ginger cakes ; refreshment stands abounded; horse races were made and run; foot-races, wrestling matches, and other athletic sports were indulged in, and many a fisticuff was fought on muster day. At all these things, and at the drilling and evolutions of the militiamen, the crowd stared and admired.

Ah, well ! Though we are disposed to sneer at the old militia musters and training days, there was doubtless more of good than harm in them, and they served in some degree as recreations and " places to go," so scarce in early times.

By The Superintendent

The public school system of Saline county, as also throughout the state, is comparatively in its infancy. The new constitution, however, has laid the foundation upon a basis, deep, broad and liberal; and by wise and judicious legislation, the system will ripen into maturity, and compare favorably with any state in the Union.

In 1874, by legislative enactment, county supervision, which required county superintendents to visit all the schools, deliver lectures, and maintain a direct influence, was abolished, except in counties adopting the provision of Section 7086, in the revised statutes of Missouri, and only one county in the state has availed itself of the benefits of said provision.

Many friends of the public school system, regarded ' this change in its agency, as adverse to the healthy growth, successful progress, and full development of educational interests.

The law creating the system is so comprehensive, its details of execution are so multitudinous, that school officers are not sufficiently skilled as yet to adjust the whole to its parts ; but there is some improvement in this direction.

In view of all the difficulties, imperfections and complications connected with the execution of the school system, there has been a gradual and hopeful progress in the past few years ; and while the advance has not been so rapid as might be desired, yet it is worthy of note.

Statistics

" I regret, much, that it is a matter of impossibilitv to obtain the correct history, with statistics, of the public schools of Saline county. During the late civil war, the court house at Marshall was burned (1864), and the records of public schools were also consumed, at least, their statistical history. So far from its being any trouble to me to have written a correct and coutinuous history of public schools in Saline county, tor your coming history, I would have esteemed it a pleasure and public benefit, if it were possible, but in the absence of such facts as we want, it cannot be done. The schools, during the war, were fenerally suspended. I can only give a correct account of public schools since 1873. When came mto the office of superintendent of public schools, of Saline county, I received no records, except a record of teachers' names, from my predecessor.

Steamboat Disasters

Mr. J. H. Pickett, an old steamboat man, has furnished a list of all the steamboats lost in the Missouri river, within the boundaries, or on the borde]:s of Saline county.

Commencing at Arrow Rock, there the steamer Tom Rogers was burned. One mile above, the New Sam Gaty was burned, after the war. Still above, the Dart was sunk many years ago. Next, the y. H. Oglesby was sunk, in the year 1850. Just below Glasgow, the Euphrasia, said to have been one of the best boats of her time, was lost, in the year 1840. At the Glasgow levee, the fine steamer, West Wind, was set on fire by Confederate partisan rangers, during the war, and entirely destroyed. Below Frankfort lies the wreck of the Little Missouri. The Waverly was sunk at the head of Keytesville bend ; the George C. Wolf above ; the Wahenda at the foot of Wakenda prairie, the latter steamer having gone down in the spring of 1846. Next above was the large sidewheel steamer, Columbian, sunk in 1870. Below Brunswick is the wreck of the R. W. Duggan, a stern-wheeler. Half a mile above the last named wreck, in 1857, there was lost the palace steamer, New Lucy. She belonged to the "Lightning" line of steamers, running from Weston, in connection with the Pacific railroad at Jefferson City. In the winter of 1857, she was frozen in, at a point opposite De Witt, and while ice-bound, was, by the carelessness of the watchman, burned. At Scott's Island, the stem-wheel steamer, Mary Bell, sank, in the year 1878. The Gov. Allen went to the bottom in Thomas' bend, seven miles above Miami, in 1876. In the year 1835, the Malta found a watery sepulchre for herself and some of her crew, in the bend which has since borne the name of Malta bend, near the town of that name. At Gilliam's landing, the steamer Mary McDonald, burned in the year 1873. The - Trofic, rendered somewhat famous by its connection with the great humorist, " Mark Twain," himself a steamboat pilot, sank just west of the confines of Saline county, in 1856. About thirty lives were lost. The previous spring she had met with a disaster, inside the boundaries of Saline county, " picking up " a snag, which passed through her engine room, severing a steampipe, by which several lives were then lost. Two of the Tropic's captains - Glime, who commanded when the first mishap occurred, and McMillan, her captain when she was destroyed - were victims of the burning and explosion of the gigantic St. Nicholas, on the lower Mississippi, in 1858, both losing their lives. The family of Capt. Glime also perished in the last disaster.

West Point Cadets

In 1874, Mr. Heber M. Creel was appointed, though Hon. John B. Clark, Jr., a cadet at West Point. With seven others he stood the examination, mental and physical, and entered the academy that ye^r, and graduated in 1878 with high honors. He now holds the office of lieutenant U. S. A., and has served over three years, four, years being the required time of service. In 1879 he was sent by the war department on special duty to the Indian frontiers - to learn their language and write a grammar and dictionary for them. Before he had completed any but the latter, he was ordered to rejoin his regiment in Dakota. He is now at Devil's Lake, Fort Totten, Dakota. He is a lieutenant in Custer's old regiment, 7th U. S. Cavalry.

In March, 1881, through the instrumentality of Hon. John B. Clark, Jr., who is stiU the member from this congressional district, Wilson Porter Boyd, son of Samuel Boyd, Esq., of Marshall, was also appointed by the war department a cadet at the West Point Military Academy.

The Sappington School Fund

Now amounting to more than $40,000, was originally a donation by Dr. John Sappington for the schooling of the indigent- orphan children of this county. The fund was placed in the hands of the following gentlemen, as a perpetual board of trustees, with the power of filling vacancies in the board: Claiborne F. Jackson, William Price, Erasmus D. Sappington, William B. Sappington, A. M. Davidson, R. E. McDaniel, William H. Lewis, John W. Bryant, Ossimus Hurt and John Lynch. The design of the donation was that the fund should be put at interest, and continue in existence for all time.

The fund has been so judiciously managed and appropriated that.it has served to educate a large proportion of the poor orphans of Saline, and many other poor children, who would, otherwise, have lacked the benefits of education ; and has likewise been steadily increased in the amount of its principal, until now it nearly doubles the original in amount. The officers of the board of trustees are a chairman, a secretary and treasurer. The present treasurer, Mr. Wm. B. Sappington, has held the office without interruption for twenty-four years, since 1857. By a provision of the instrument creating the " Sappington school fund," no officer of the board of trustees is permitted to receive compensation f orchis services. The board meets annually on the second Monday of August, and by the pro- visions of its creation no portion of the fund is to be loaned upon any security less than real estate, of three times the value of -the money loaned - except that sums of $500 and less may be loaned upon the personal security of three responsible parties, the interest to be payable annually. The first meetiug of the board was held on the first Monday in March, 1854, and C. F. Jackson was first treasurer, and acted until July, 1857, when the present treasurer, Wm. B. Sappington was chosen in his place.

The following biographical sketches of prominent citizens, now dead or absent, of the county, are entitled a place in this work. Indeed, no history of the county would be complete without them.

Gov. Claiborne F. .Jackson

Claiborne Fox Jackson, son of Dempsey and Mary (Pickett) Jackson, was born near Flemingsburgh, Fleming county, Kentucky, April 4, 1806. His father was a hardworking farmer, in moderate circumstances, and only able to give his children, of whom he had ten, a common school education. When a boy, young Claiborne was weak and sickly, and his mother, who did her own weaving, taught him to weave on a small loom, an article of furniture to be found in every household in that day, and it is said that he became quite a proficient weaver. As he grew older, however, he grew stronger, and was able to work on his father's farm in the summer and attend school in the winter. When not at work or in school he nearly always had a book in his hand, and was soon regarded as a young man of mose than average information and of great promise.

At an early age young Jackson left Kentucky and came to Old Franklin, Howard county, Missouri. Here he procured a situation as clerk in the store of Heckman & Lamb, dealers in general merchandise. After a time, in company with Caleb Jones, now of Booneville, he bought out his employers and succeeded them in business. In 1830, Jackson & Jones established a branch store at Arrow Rock, and Mr. Jackson removed to that point to take charge of it. Samuel Miller succeeded Jones, the firm becoming Jackson & Miller. He was also in business a portion of the time with his father-in-law. Dr. John Sappington.

In 1836, Jackson & Miller sold out their store in Arrow Rock to Barnes & McMahan, and Mr. Jackson went into politics. He ran as a Jackson- Benton democrat for the legislature, and was elected by a majority of six votes over his whig competitor, Judge Hayes. In 1837, he was appointed the first postmaster of the new postoffice at Arrow Rock. The government refused to establish this office unless Mr. Jackson would give a bond to pay all expenses. This he did. In 1854, the postoffice department brought up an account against him for this sum, about $600. Fortunately the contract was " to pay all expenses and receive all receipts." Upon this being pointed out, the matter was soon settled with the department. Upon the establishment of the branch bank of the state of Missouri, at Fayette, Mr. Jackson was given the position of cashier, which he accepted, and removed with his family to a farm which he had purchased near that place. He remained here some years, when he returned to Saline county. In a short time he again went to Howard. Here he was elected to the lower house of the state legislature, about the year 1846. Upon the expiration of his term as representative he was elected to the state senate, and became the leader of the anti-Benton democrats upon the floor. He presented the famous "Jackson resolutions," and championed them through the legislature, succeeding at last in having them adopted. In 1852 or 1853 he returned to his Sahne county farm near Arrow Rock, which he ever after considered his home.

It is not intended in this sketch to give a complete record of the public life of Gov. Jackson. His name and his fame are too well known to the readers of these pages to need such a mention. Only those details proper to one of his prominent connection with the history of his county, his, state, and his country, ought to be given. No fulsome adulation of his character is attempted. He would not suffer such a thing, were he alive, and respect for his memory is due him, now that he is ashes and dust.

In 1860, he was elected governor of the state, on the Douglas and Johnson ticket, over Sample Orr, the Bell and Everett candidate ; Hancock Jackson, the nominee of the Breckenridge and Lane democrats, and G^rdenhire, the republican candidate. Before his inauguration angry clouds darkened the political sky, and everything was portentous of a terrible storm. Gov. Jackson was, in every sense, a southern man, and had been for years. He believed in the right of secession, but doubted its practicability at the time. He knew that all of the people of Missouri, or even a considerable majority of them, were not ready to secede and join the Southern Confederacy, and he deprecated taking any action in that direction until they were - until succeeding events, which he believed would happen, should occur. He did not wish to make a "bungle," or a failure. The south and her institutions had no warmer or better friend than Claiborne Jackson, and Missouri no citizen more devoted in his allegiance to her, or more jealous of her rights and privileges, or more sensible of the violent encroachments upon them by the northern states ; yet

Gov. Jackson's connection with the beginning of the civil war is detailed on other pages. After being driven from the capitol, in June, 1861, he accompanied his state guards to Booneville, and was present at the fight between them and Lyon's troops, and followed them to the southwestern part of the state. He was present at the engagements at Carthage and Drywood, not at the rear, but at the front, in the midst of his troops, whom he stimulated and encouraged by his example to deeds of courage and bravery. At the time of the action at Oak Hill, or Wilson's Creek, Gov. Jackson was at Richmond, in consultation with the Confederate authorities. At the battle of Lexington, and capture of Mulligan and his forces, he was present, and when the army retreated he followed it, with his family, sharing all the toils, privations, and discomforts of the private soldiers. At Neosho, he stopped with the army, and re-convened the legislature - the legislature which he recognized as the legitimate one - and approved the ordinance of secession passed by that body. He went on to Arkansas, and was in various parts of the south during the spring and summer of 1862. In October, he returned to Little Rock. In the meantime he had purchased a tract of land in Texas, whither he had sent his family.

Shortly after his arrival at Little Rock the last time. Gov. Jackson was taken with a severe cold. He had long been troubled with an affection of the stomach, and was soon prostrated. After an illness of some six weeks, at 9 o'clock on the evening of the 6th of December, 1862, he died. At the time of his death he lay in a boarding house on the bank of the Arkansas river, opposite the city of Little Rock. His wife, his daughter Annie, and his son, Col. Wm. S., were present at his bedside in his dying moments. He was perfectly conscious to almost the last moment. He expressed his firm faith in the triumph of the Confederate cause, and desired much to live to see it. He assured his wife and daughter of his lasting affection for them, and that they would be cared for by their country upon the restoration of peace. He was at first buried ir Little Rock cemetery, but in July, 1867, his remains were transferred to the Sappington graveyard, in this county, where they now lie, beside those of his wife, who died in Red River county, Texas, July 5, 1864.

Governor Jackson was thrice married, his wives being sisters, the daughters of Dr. John Sappington, His first wife was Jane Breathitt Sappington, to whom he was married February 17, 1831. She lived but a few months.' His second wife was Louisa Catherine Sappington, whom he married September 12, 1833. By this marriage he had three children - Col. S., born July 13, 1834, died July 31, 1880; John Breathitt, born April 25, 1836, died October 6, 1865; Andrew, born February 21, 1838, died

June 10 of the same year. Mrs. Jackson died May 9, 1838. November 27, 1838, Gov. Jackson married his last wife, Mrs. Eliza W. Pearson, nee Sappington. To this union were born three children - Claiborne F., Jr., born September 30, 1889, died March 23, 1864; Louisa Jane, born April 22, 1841, now wife of Dr. C. L. Lamb, of Hannibal; Annie Eliza, born May 13, 1844, now wife of John B. Perkins, Esq., of Marshall.

Gov. Jackson was not a member of any religious organization, although a man of excellent morals and the highest integrity of character. His word was never doubted, his honor never impeached. His strongest enemies, in the heat of bitterest political contests, never assailed his personal character. He died as he had lived, resigned to- the will of his Maker, and fearing nothing for his future. He was an affectionate father, and of a kindly, chivalrous nature, born of his nobility of character. When inaugurated governor, among his first official acts was to discharge every female inmate of the penitentiary, no matter what her offense had been, for the reason, as he said, that the penitentiary was not a fit place for a woman.

In person, Gov. Jackson was six feet one and a half inches in height, and weighed about 170 pounds. His hair was coal-black, his eyes dark-gray, his complexion fair. His voice was strong and well adapted to public speaking. He was a natural orator and speaker, and the best portion of his life was spent in the service of his country and his fellow-men.

Gov. M. M. Marmadukb

Meredith Miles Marmaduke was born in Westmoreland county, Virginia, in 1791. His ancestors were quite prominent in England, the Marmadukes especially being members of the best families. The subject of this sketch belonged to about the, third American generation of this family. He received his education in the common schools of his state and at a high school.

At the age of 22 he was commissioned colonel of the Westmoreland county regiment, and served with it in the second war with Great Britain or the war of 1812. After the war he was clerk of the county court of Westmoreland county, and also United States marshal for that district of Virginia.

In 1821 he came to Missouri, settling first at Old Franklin, and engaging in the Santa Fe trade, making trips to and from that renowned old Spanish city, now in the United States. After his first trip to and return from Sante Fe, he was married to Lavinia Sappington, the second child of Dr. John Sappington, a native of Nashville, Tenn., who was educated at the Mrs. Keats' seminary, in southern Kentucky.* Col. Marmaduke was the father of ten children, nine of whom are now living, six sons and

Col. Marmaduke continued in the Santa Fe trade about six years. He was very successful. He then settled on his- farm, five miles west of Arrow Rock, at which place his son Vincent now lives. He was one of the best practical and most successful farmers in the state, and accumulated a large fortune. He was greatly interested in agricultural pursuits, and took an interest in everything affecting their welfare. He was president of the first agricultural society of the county, and of the district fair association.

Soon after his settlement in this county. Col. Marmaduke was elected county judge, and afterwards county surveyor. For many years he was in some official capacity in the county, but never upon his own seeking. In 1840, lie was elected lieutenant-governor on the democratic ticket, with Thomas Reynolds as governor. Upon the death of the latter, iri'1844» he became governor, and filled the office during his brief term to the entire satisfaction of the people of the state. In 1847, he was a member of the convention to revise the constitution of the state.

When the troubles of 1860-61 came, he opposed, with great strength," the plans of the secessionists, and declared himself, at different public meetings, a constitutional Union man, inflexible and unalterable, devoted to the old Union, under whose flag he had served, and wished to live and die. In speeches made to the people of Saline county, from the stone steps of the old hotel in Marshall, early in 1861, he prophesied the woes that should come upon this county and country, should men allow their passions, rather than their reason, to govern their action, and suffer the country to be plunged into civil war. He depicted many of the horrors that afterward came, so distinctly and so vividly, that it seemed, in later days, as if he must have spoken by inspiration. He was then seventy, years of age, and was physically unable to take any part in the war that did come, but it is doubtful if he would have done so had he been in his prime. He always abhorred even the thought of war between fellowcitizens of a common country - especially between Americans, whose ancestors had mingled their blood, in order thajt the Union might forever live, and not die. Though he did not endorse all the acts of the Federal authorities, - had no sympathy in common with the northern fanatics - he yet desired that the Union should be preserved. While sympathizing deeply with the southern people, he had no affection for the Confederate cause and remained a constitutional Union man to the end of his days. Before the war he was known as a strong Benton democrat, and in this faith he never wavered. Two of his sons - Maj. Gen. John S. and Col.

During the war, in so great esteem was Col. Marmaduke held by all parties, that Confederates and Federals treated him with the greatest consideration. His property was but little molested, and he himself was never disturbed. The regular soldiers of both sides were always regarded by him with respect, but he despised and did not recognize either the thieving militia or the bushwhackers.

March 26, 1864, Gov. Marmaduke died at his old homestead, in Arrow Rock township, at the age of seventy-three. The direct cause of his death was inflammation of the stomach and bowels. He was buried in the Sappington cemetery, according to the rites of Free Masonry, he having been a Mason for a number of years. His funeral was largely attended. He was not a member of any church, but his career was that of the most exemplary Christian gentleman.

In person, Gov. Marmaduke was about five feet ten inches in height, and inclined to corpulency. His weight was about 210 or 215 pounds. His hair was dark, his eyes hazel-gray. No man in the county had more or warmer friends, or better deserved them. As a soldier, a statesman, a citizen, a man, he was the peer of his fellows, and Saline county especially should ever cherish his memory as a precious heritage.

Col. George W. Allen

George Washington Allen was bom near Staunton, Augusta county, Virginia, October 4, 1807. He was educated in the schools of his native county. In early life he taught school in Virginia and Tennessee. He was married in Virginia, to Miss Lucy Ann Coiner. He afterward engaged in merchandising. Upon the breaking out of the war with Mexico he enlisted in Captain Harper's company of a Virginia volunteer regiment, and served two years, with the rank of first sergeant, in Gen. Harney's division.

In 1850, he removed with his family to this county and located on a farm two and a half miles from Marshall, where he engaged in farming for some years. During this period he was elected county surveyor, and was justly regarded as one of the very best surveyors the county ever had. Determining to engage in some other avocation, he quit farming, removed to Marshall, and became a merchant. Upon the establishment of the Saline County Herald, the first paper ever published in Saline county. Col. Allen became its editor. He was an able editor, and was soon recognized as one of the leading politicians of central Missouri. He was an old-line whig, and did very much to maintain the supremacy of his party in this county.

after the election of Mr. Lincoln, when there was such intense excitement throughout the south, was, that war might be averted. At a meeting of the citizens of Saline county, in January, 1861, a day of humiliation, fasting, and prayer, in view of the impending troubles, the following hymn, composed by Col. A. was sung:

Father, of our fathers, hear. Lend, oh ! lend a listening ear; Thou, who didst our fathers save. Wilt Thou not compassion have? In this hour of deep distress. Be our strength and righteousness ?

iMay not rashness, sin, and pride. Long our favored land divide ; Grant that we again may see. Brethren everywhere agree. May our people yet appear. Banded as our fathers were.

Heavenly Father, grant that we. Still may highly favored be ; Hating sin and loving right, Accepted, Father, in thy sight. When such clouds as now arise. Darkening all our brightest skies

Bid us fear no lasting ill. In thy words of " peace, be still," Bid our strife forever cease. May we live in bonds of peace. Then will we our Father bless ; Praise the Lord in righteousness.

But on the breaking out of hostilities, Col. Allen espoused the cause of the south. He joined the staff of Maj.-Gen. Sterling Price of the Missouri State Guards, with the rank of lieutenant-colonel. At the battle of Oak Hill, or Wilson's creek, August 10, 1861, he was bearing an order from Gen. Price to some subordinate commander, and when riding in front of the Federal line, he was struck in the mouth by a minie ball and instantly killed. He was buried on the battle-field, where his remains yet rest.

Col. Allen was not a member of any church, but he was a man of the highest moral character, and most correct habits. His ability was of far more than common order, and he was considered a leading citizen of the county. He left five children, one, Capt. James W. Allen, being in the service with him ; the other four were daughters, two of whom. Miss Marjr J., and Mrs. Margaret E. Montague are now living. Capt. Allen now resides in St. Louis.

Col. Wm. Sappington Jackson

COL. WM. SAPPINGTON JACKSON. Col. W, S. Jackson died at his home in Marshall, August 31, 1880. The following biographical sketch appeared in the Marshall Daily News of that day, and was written by Chas. G. Patterson, Esq. No improve- ment can be made upon it in the particulars of completeness of detail, exactness of description, accuracy of composition, or beauty of style, and it is incorporated in history as it was written:

He had been ill only a short time, and his sudden departure from life, in the zenith of manhood and usefulness, casts a gloom over this county and his numerous friends in this state, that will linger many a day. He had just returned from Jefferson City, where he went as a delegate to the democratic state convention, and it is thought that the excitement there ' and his feeble health induced by long and close attention to the duties of county clerk, brought on the sickness which was so fatal. He died as he had lived, a brave man, his last words being about the great civil strife, and the smile that has played upon his countenance so often in the hour of battle was there again to his last breath, as when the lurid blaze of cannon and musketry lit it up in days of yore, and it lingered there until and even after the gallant Colonel had joined his old comrades in the bivouac of eternal life, beyond the silent river. Col. Jackson was a perfect type of manhood - generous, kind hearted, just and true. He had the politeness of a Chesterfield, and everyone that knew him became his friend, as his magnetic smiles always inspired confidence and the suavity of his manners and his noble magnanimity created esteem. He has often been honored by his fellow-citizens with positions of trust, and the tenacity with which he has held on to hivS honors and the firmness with which his friends have always stood by him, reveal the true character of one of the best, kindest and truest men God ever made. He was not a religious man, yet he respected religion. He had his faults, but they injured himself only. Since he has been a public officer not a stain or a blemish has been stamped on his reputation, and he died - an honest man. The following brief history of his lile will be of interest to all, especially those who wish to keep his memory green in hearts that have loved him as a father, husband and friend :

Col. Jackson was born July 13, 1834, in Arrow Rock, Saline county, Missouri, and had passed his 46th year when death called him away. His father was Governor C. F. Jackson, and grandfather Dr. John Sappington. He was educated principally at the Howard high school, and went from that institution, with the highest recommendations as to scholarship, to the university of Virginia, then as now one of the most celebrated colleges in the United States, where he was matriculated in 1853, and remained in the law department one year to prepare himself for that profession. When his father was elected governor he was appointed the governor's private secretary, which position he held until the war broke out. On the 21st of May, 1861, he was commissioned as aid-de-camp for the sixth military district of Missouri, with the rank of colonel. In May, 1861, he left with the Confederate troops for southwest Missouri, and in July took an active part in the battle of Carthage, the first of importance in this state. Then we see him on his way to Richmond, Virginia, with his father and Gen. D. R. Atchison, where he arrived just after the first battle of Bull Run, and received his papers as recruiting officer, "Partisan Rangers " being assigned to Missouri, in which service he renjained, with short interruptions, during the year 1863. After this he went to Matamoras, Mexico, for medical supplies for the Confederate army, during thp remainder of the war.

At the close of the war he surrendered to Col. A. F. Denny, at Glasgow, Missouri. After this he was arrested by the civil authorities and incarcerated "in the Cooper county jail for about three months, when he was released on bail, and subsequently entirely cleared from the four indictments against him. He has been called a " bushwhacker," but was not one in the common acceptation of the term. He was too generous to be unmerciful, and the little band which followed him in this county, considered themselves the guardians of their property and friends, then exposed to the ruthless Federal soldiers who infested this portion of the state. But the name of Gen. Jackson was as terrible to his enemies who had once met him as that of any other man. He was married on the 29th of March, 1866, to Miss Lutia G. Vandever, who survives him, with two children, one having died about a year ago. He was appointed deputy county clerk by Capt. C. M.Sutherlin, in January, 1875, who resigned May 20, 1876, when Col. Jackson was appointed to fill the vacancy until the next November election. At that election, one of the bitterest canvasses Saline county has ever experienced, the office was conferred upon him by the overwhelming majority of 1,762. Up to this date he has held the office of county clerk three terms, having met with very little opposition, and was the nominee of the Saline county democracy "at the coming November election. He has passed out of life, but his deeds will live after him.

I Gen. Thos. A. Smith

Gen. Thos. A. Smith was a native of Virginia. He joined the regular army and at the close of the war of 1812, and at the time of his resignation, in 1818, he had risen to the rank of brigadier-general, and ' outranked Generals Scott and Gaines. Shortly after he left the army he came to Missouri, and was appointed receiver of the general land office at Old Franklin. Having entered about 5,000 acres of land in this county, Gen. Smith removed thereto and established, a farm place on the Salt Fork, about eight miles from .Marshall. As this farm was composed principally of prairie land, the successful cultivation of which had long been doubted, the general named his home place " Experiment." It became, perhaps, the most beautiful home in the county. Gen. Smith planted a great many evergreens and other trees, and in summer " Experiment " bloomed and blossomed almost like an Eden. It was a favorite place of resort for the " quality " people of those days. Gen. Smith first came to this county in 1826.

Gen. Smith was a fast friend of Col. Thos. H. Benton, for thirty years United States senator from this state. The pistols with which Benton fought and killed Lucas, belonged to the general, and are now in the possession of his son. Dr. "Crawford Smith, of St. Louis county. It is much to be regretted that fuller details of the life of Gen. Smith cannot here and now be given; but those written to, for them, have failed to respond.

Judge Beverly Tucker

Beverly Tucker was born in Virginia. He was a half brother of the famous and notorious John Randolph, of Roanoke. In about the year 1830, Judge Tucker came to Saline county, and shortly afterward married a daughter of Gen. T. A. Smith. In 1836, he returned to Virginia, and engaged in literary and legal pursuits. He wrote a novel " George Balcomb," the plot and scenes of which were laid in this county, while he lived here, and, after his return to Virginia, wrote " The Partisan Leader."

Gen. John S Marmadukb

a son of ex-Gov. M. M. Marmaduke, of Saline county, was born March 14, 1833, at the old homestead near the town of Arrow Rock, in Saline. Though in his early years his father was a large slave owner, he was trained to work upon the farm, as a matter of principle. At the age of seventeen he entered Yale College, but after two or three years spent in Yale and Harvard, he was appointed by Hon. John S. Phelps a cadet in the military academy at West Point, from which he graduated in 1857, and was assigned as lieutenant in the 7th Infantry, a portion of which, under Gen. A. S. Johnstone, was then marching against the Mormons in Utah. He joined the command, and served two years in Utah, after which he was ordered to New Mexico. He i*eturned to Missouri on leave in 1860. When the great conflict of the sections became inevitable, he resigned his commission, and upon his acceptance cast his fortunes with the Confederate side. He was elected captain of one of the first (if not the first) companies raised in Saline county, and tendered his services to Gov. Jackson, and was accepted under the governor's call for troops to defend the state. At Jefferson City, in June, 1861, he was elected colonel of a regiment, in which his old company was included. On the hostile approach of Gen. Lyon with a well-equipped army from St. Louis, Gen. Price being sick. Col. Marmaduke assumed command. Against his own urgent convictions, and in obedience to positive orders from the governor, he marched his command of raw, half-armed recruits, about 600 strong, down the river about six miles below Booneville, and admirably posted them upon the blufis where the river road ascends from the bottom and crosses another road. The battle between 600 raw, half-armed recruits and 2,500 completely appointed and equipped and disciplined soldiers, could have no other result than that predicted by Col. Marmaduke - disastrous in the extreme to the state troops.

After the disaster at Booneville, Col. Marmaduke, believing that politicians were controlling military affairs in Missouri, resigned his state commission, and, in company with Capt. J. H. Eakin, and Charlie Bell, all of Saline, proceeded to Richmond, and tendered his sword to President Davis, of the Confederate states. He was immediately commissioned as first lieutenant, and ordered to report to Gen. Hardee, then on the White river, in Arkansas. He was assigned to duty on Hardee's staff, but soon after was promoted to a lieutenant-colonelcy, and put in command of a battalion of infantry. In the fall of that year (1861) he was made colonel of the Third Confederate infantry, which, under his command, won laurels on many battle-fields. In the battle of Shiloh, April 6, 1862, Col. Marmaduke's regiment was given the honor of bearing into battle the guiding colors of the first line of battle, and at day-break his regiment began the terrible conflict, by firing the first gun. Col. Marmaduke won many laurels in that fierce and bloody conflict. On the next day's fight he was carried, wounded, from the battle-field, and for gallant services, was promoted brigadier-general. In the spring of 1862, Gen. Marmaduke was ordered west of the Mississippi, and reported to Gen. Holmes, at Little Rock, and was ordered to relieve Gen. Raines, and take command of his division, then in northwest Arkansas. In the latter part of November, 1862, he was attacked, atCane Hill, by Gen. Blunt, with seven or eight thousand men. The fighting continued through the entire day, as they fell back in the face of greatly superior numbers, to Dripping Springs. At the battle of Prairie Grove, Gen. Marmaduke also bore a conspicuous part; and in December, 1862, he made a movement on Gen. Blunt's communications, which compelled that general to let go his hold on the Arkansas river, and fall back to Springfield, Missouri. Returning from this raid, his troops, after great suffering, and a short, but bloody battle, at Hartsville, reached Batesville, Arkansas, and went into winter quarters. In the spring of 1863, Marmaduke led his division of 4,000 men into Missouri and extricated Gen. Carter from his extremely perilous position at Cape Girardeau, and successfully withdrew the command across the St. Francis river in the face of Gens. McNeil and Vandever with a combined army of 10,000 men. Gen. Holmes, after his disastrous and foolish attack on Helena, fell back to Little Rock, leaving Marmaduke's cavalry division, which resumed its headquarters at Jacksonport. Gen. Steele continuing to advance upon Little Rock, Gen. Marmaduke was ordered to join Gen. Walker at Brownsville, where he covered the retreat before Gen. Steele, and fought stubbornly until reaching Bayou Metre, where a determined stand was made, and a desperate battle fought, Steele's advance driven back, and he forced to choose another route to Little Rock. Soon after this occurred the duel between Gens. Walker and Marmaduke, in which Gen. Walker was killed. Upon the evacuation of Little Rock by Gen. Price, Marmaduke covered the retreat and greatly retarded Gen. Steele's advance. In 1864, he was ordered to maneuver against Steele and to delay his advance long enough to enable Kirby Smith to defeat Banks on the Red river. So admirably did he perform this duty that with 4,000 men he compelled Gen. Steele to occupy three weeks in moving from Little Rock to Camden. Unable to hold Camden, Steele retreated to Little Rock, hotly pursued by Marmaduke, to Jenkens' Ferry, where he was forced to give battle by Kirby Smith, and was beaten and demoralized.

For distinguished services in the campaign against Steele, Marmaduke was made a major-general, and in the summer of 1864 established his headquarters at Lake Village, Chicot county, Arkansas, and by his extreme activity succeeded in checking the navigation of the Mississippi river and breaking up the illicit trade between the Federal traders and the citizens.

In Gen. Price's last great raid into Missouri, Gen. Marmaduke commanded a cavalry division, and did most excellent service in all the fighting that was done, until they reached the Little Osage river, where, after desperate fighting, he was surrounded and captured on the 24th of October. He was held a prisoner until August 1865, when he was released. His health being greatly broken, after his release, he visited Europe, remaining until the spring of 1866, when he returned to Missouri. In May, 1866, with Dr. W. M. Brown and D. W. Marmaduke, he established the commission house of Marmaduke & Brown, in St. Louis. In the fall of 1869, he retired from the firm, and accepted the special agency of the Life Association of America for all the southern states, which he gave up on account of ill health in April, 1871. Soon after this, he became connected with the yournal of Commerce, and shortly after, with his two brothers, Vincent and Leslie, and Messrs. Walcott & Hume, established the Evening yournal in St. Louis. Later on he was connected with the Journal of Agriculture. In 1873, he disposed of these interests, and accepted the secretaryship of the state board of agriculture, which he held two years. In 1875, he was appointed by the governor, one of the railroad commissioners of the state, and in November, 1876, he was elected to the same office for four years, the term of which expired in 1880. Gen. Marmaduke has a splendid physique, and is a true soldier and gentleman. In 1880, Gen. Marmaduke, at the urgent solicitations of many friends, scattered over the state, announced himself as a candidate for the democratic nomination for governor, which, in this state, is equivalent to election. Col. T. T. Crittenden, of Warrensburg, and Hon. John A. Hockaday, of Callaway, were also candinates. A warm canvass ensued, result-^ ing in the nomination of Col. Crittenden - Marmaduke receiving the next largest number of votes. Since the canvass of 1880, Gen. Marmaduke has resided quietly in St. Louis.

Judge W. A. Wilson

The subject of this sketch - the youngest of four brothers, John, Robert, ert, David and Wm., sons of Wm. Wilson - was born, December 17, 1807, in Augusta county, Virginia. He, with his brothers, came to this state, locating in Howard county, in 1825. He afterwards located in this county. His brother David died many years ago, and Gen. John Wilson removed to California, filled quite a number of high official positions, and died in San Franci.sco, some two years since. Robert located in St. Joseph, Missouri, represented his county and district for many years in the state legislature and senate, and other offices, and served out the unexpired term of one of our U. S. senators.

In June, 1835, Judge Wilson married iVIiss Mary E. Reeves, daughter of the late ex-Governor Reeves, of Missouri. His wife survives him and resides on the old homestead, in Marshall, Missouri. The result of this marriage was five sons and two daughters, all living, except Martha C, who married Dr. Grove, of this county, and died in 1865, in Fayette, Indiana, the present home of her husband ; Annette married the Hon. John R. Vance, and now resides in Marshall, as does also Leonard Wilson, our present efficient postmaster. Col. Ben. H., Hon. W. A. and Bird L. Wilson now reside in Colorado; and Horace E. Wilson resides at St. Joseph, Missouri.

Judges Wilson and Leonard, having located in Howard county about the same time, and having married sisters, there sprang up between them a very strong social, personal and political attachment, which lasted during their lives. Both were staunch whigs, and both consistent, firm and uncompromising Union men, and cordially supported the national government during the late conflict.

In 1835, he was appointed lieutenant-colonel of militia, by Gov. Dunklin. In August, 1836, he moved to Saline, and in 1838 was elected county judge, serving with Judges Brown and Field. On February, 6, 1850, appointed county and circuit clerk, and ex-officio recorder, vice John A. Trigg, resigned, and in March following was elected to said offices for unexpired term, extending to 1854, when he was re-elected and filled said offices for the term of six y?ars.

In 1862, Judge Wilson was appointed by Gov. Gamble, circuit and county clerk of the county, and in same year, provost marshal, with rank of major. When the 71st regiment, E. M. M., was organized, he was made lieutenant-colonel of same. It is not saying too much to say, that no one in this county was better or more favorably known at Union or Federal headquarters of this state, or at Washington City,than Judge W. A. Wilson. He filled the clerkships of the county up to the time of his death, August 18, 1865. Judge Wilson was a lawyer by profession, and.

except while in office, practiced that profession. He was, for a time, lawpartner of Col. T. W. B. Crews and Hon, W. H. Letcher. He, like his brothers, Robert and John, was a man of more than ordinary ability, and possessed, in a remarkable degree, that foresight and confidence, so well calculated to lead and inspire any party with which he might become connected. In the discharge of all his official duties, he was honest and efficient, and never betrayed the trusts confided to him. For more than twenty years prior to his death, perhaps, no man was more generally or prominently known to the people here. As a public spirited citizen, he was ever ready to contribute to every laudable enterprise. A man of excellent judgment - having once made up his mind, was determined and invincible. Duty and right outweighed all other considerations with him. He was a Union man in the broadest sense of that term It is not saying too much, when we say, he formed the nucleus around which the Union element of this county rallied, more, perhaps, than any one else. Of a pure, positive and unsullied character, his opinions were ever sought and respected by his friends. He was faithful in all the relations of life ; as a husband, parent, friend, the same integrity of character and goodness of heart were manifested, and gained for him that love and confidence he possessed to such an eminent degree. He was unswervingly true to his principles and to the instincts of his generous and manly nature. In his frisndship he was faithful; in his susceptibilities, tender and emotional; in disposition and temperament, genial in a very high degree. In all the relations of life, he bore himself as " a man among rrien." His memory to us is precious, and his virtues remain a legacy to his surviving co-laborers in the cause to which he gave the strength and power of his manhood. Upon that brow, now cold in death, honors thick had clustered; and as he went, forth from our ranks, many eyes were dim with tears, and many hearts were full of sighs. In the cemetery, at Mount Olive, "may his ashes requiescat in -paceP

Dr. John 8Appingt0N

The subject of this sketch was one of the original pioneers, not only of Saline county, but of the great west - the compatriot of Daniel Boone, the Coopers and others, who first settled Missouri. A man of grand character, of original genius in medicine, he deserves a place in the history of Saline county, second to none, dead or living. Our history would be incomplete without a fuller sketch of Dr. Sappington than has yet been published. He is entitled not only to the local fame he has received, but to a national, nay, world-wide reputation, by the side of physicians like Rush and Hartley. It is unquestionably true, that during his whole lifetime, he completely revolutionized the practice of medicine - a practice which, but for him, might not have been changed for centuries, as respects that most frequent

There is a niche in the temple of fame awaiting the bust of some one, who wrought the great revolution which has transpired during the present century in this branch of the practice of medicine, (calomel and gallop being the remedial agents formerly relied on, while cold water and fresh air were regarded injurious,) and, if it does not belong to Dr. Sappington, we challenge criticism to inquire to whom it does belong. The theory and practice Dr. Sappington substituted in the treatment of the disease above mentioned being now adopted by the medical profession throughout Christendom.

There are many other distinctive features in his treatment of fevers with which the writer is unacquainted, but to the efficacy of which many associate physicians, with whom he was brought in consultation, during a long practice in the Mississippi valley, will bear testimony. In this department of practice, Dr. Sappington was undoubtedly half a century in advance of the profession at large, and that, too, notwithstanding he gave to his associate physicians, in consultation and otherwise, the benefit of all the information he possessed. It has taken this length of time for physicians to educate themselves up to his standpoint, and to generally accept his .views.

We are aware that he is not generally known in the light of a great benefactor, as well as luminary in his profession ; but there are many reasons to account for this, chief among them his own rnodesty. Having had inferior educational advantages - aside from the instruction of his father, who was likewise a physician - not being a graduate of any literary coUege, or other institution of learning, (for few of them existed at the close of our revolutionary war, which his boyhood spanned) he was, though self-taught to a high degree, so sensitive on this point that when, in later years, he felt it his duty to give to the world the results of his experience and secrets of success in treating fevers, he employed another physician to write out, from manuscript notes, his theory of their treatment. This work - entitled " Sappington on Fevers " - while it was executed with the best of intentions on the part of its editor. Dr. F. Stith, of Nashville, Tenn., and is full of practical suggestions, - yet was so unlike the doctor in style and substantial merit, that it encountered a good deal of criticism from the profession - even his most intimate friends scarcely recognizing beneath the tinsel of the scribe that broad philosophy which, in conversation, characterized its real author. In other words. Dr. Sappington was not trained to write books, nor to read books very extensively, but with a profound perception of human nature, and an acute power to diagnose disease in its many forms - a ready wit. and will to apply remedies in the materia medica or out of it, he followed the promptings of an intuitive genius, like

Hypocrates the father of medicine, and wrought out a new system in one of its branches, which has enabled others to write volumes, though he himself wrote none.

As illustrative of the originality of Dr. Sappington, we record the following incident: A negro boy, one of the doctor's servants, was brought from his quarters and laid upon the porch, in a state of stupor. The doctor, seizing a rod, remarked, " d - n you, I'll bring you to," and proceeded to castigate the boy on the feet. This summary processs had the desired

The patient, his symptoms and sufferings, and their remedies at the bedside, were his school - the only one easily accessible at the early day when he began practice - and therein he was great; but he was not a mocker of learning, nor did he ever affect contempt for scholarly acquirements. As evidence of this fact, as also that he was a pioneer in the cause of popular education,. for which his day had not j^et provided by law, he placed in the hands of trustees twenty thousand dollars, for the education of the orphan and indigent children of Saline county, his last home, a benefaction so judiciously founded and so skillfully managed by the trustees, that, besides educating many hundreds of his neighbor's children, it has appreciated to the sum of more than :|)40,000.

With these observations, going to vindicate the full propriety of inscribing his name among the great men, of any age gone by, in medicine, in philanthrophy, or far-reaching wisdom - we now proceed to give a brief outline of his personal history, appearance, character, etc. :

'John Sappington was born in Maryland, May 15, 1776. In person, he was tall, well formed, and commanding, being about six feet in height, with blue eyes, of benevolent expression, ruddy complexion, and auburn hair. His nose was aquiline, forehead high and expansive, mouth firm, and the general caste of his features calm and majestic.

His father, Dr. Mark Sappington, who was of English descent, moved to Tennessee at an early day, and settled where Nashville now stands- His mother was a Miss Boyce, a native of Maryland. His parents had six children: Roger, Frank, John, Thomas, Rebecca, and Eleanor. By a subsequent marriage Dr. Mark had two children, Fanny, and Mary. Roger, John, and Thomas, were physicians. ^

Nashville, at the time his father settled there, was a rude village, surrounded by a vast canebrake. There the elder Sappington practiced medicine, and reared his family until John, at least, grew from boyhood to be a man.

John (as well as Roger and Thomas), studied medicine with his father, but all of them had to work on the farm, and get their outside education as best they could, " between crops."

After John had grown up, however, he practiced medicine several years with his father at Nashville, where the latter died, at a very advanced age.

In 1804, Dr. Sappington married Jane, daughter of William and Elizaheth Breathitt, of Russellville, Kentucky. He was twenty-eight and she twenty-one years of age. They then settled in Franklin, Tennessee, where Dr. S. practiced medicine till 1807, when he moved to Todd county, Kentucky, andsettled near Elkton. Here he combined farming with his practice a year or two, but, becoming dissatisfied, he moved back to Franklin, and devoted himself exclusively to the practice of medicine. Becoming more and more interested in his profession, he soon afterward determined to attend a regular course of lectures at Philadelphia, and - there being no other mode of conveyance - set out on horseback for that city, about the fall of 1814. He received the degree of doctor of medicine from the Philadelphia Medical College, and returned to Franklin, where he continued the practice of medicine, but in 1817 he emigrated to Missouri, and settled near the present site of Glasgow, in Howard county.

In 1819, he crossed the river and settled, for the remainder of his days, in Saline county, about five miles west of Arrow Rock. Here, while residing on a farm," he practiced medicine with great success, his practice extending from Jefferson City, on the east, to Lexington, on the west, and through all the adjoining counties.

His system of treatment was so entirely different from the old methods that the uniform success which attended it necessarily placed him in very high repute. Before coming to Missouri, however, he had matured his theories, as the following incident will demonstrate : While in the city hospital, in Philadelphia, on one occasion, examining, with a class of fellow-students, a case of congestive fever, one of the professors, who had exhausted his skill, asked Dr. Sappington what he would do for that patient. "Sir," replied Dr. S., "if I had him in Tennessee I would give him Peruvian bark in whisky."

He made no secret to brother physicians of the remedies he employed, but about the year 1832, being over-taxed with calls and worn out with riding, he took Dr. George Penn as a partner, retiring from the practice himself, and put out for sale in the middle, western and southern states what were known as " Dr. John Sappington's Anti-Fever Pills," which immediately obtained great popularity, as nothing up to that time had been generally used by physicians, capable of breaking remittent fevers. . He first concluded to try the virtues of Peruvian bark in consequence of reading, in his early practice, an account of some travelers in South America who had been cured of what he recognized to be our Mississippi

In 1844, he published the treatise, already referred to, as embraang his theory and treatment of fevers, making public the formula by which his medicine was prepared. The work appeared just when the memorable overflow of the Mississippi and its tributaries occurred, causing a great deal of sickness; and when, therefore, his medicine was at the height of popularity, and had placed him in a condition to' make as many millions of dollars as he had accumulated thousands from its sale. When expostulated with, at this time, by relations, he remarked that both he and they had enough to support them comfortably, and that mankind had claims on him as well as his family. This decision he announced with an oath as emphatic as any uttered by Abraham, Isaac or Jacob, though not so reverent.

Dr. Sappington was not an orthodox Christian. He was a firm believer in an impartial, just and overruling Providence, but being of a benevolent, charitable turn of mind, he could never see the necessity of a hell to accommodate those of a more malignant and covetous disposition than he possessed. In 1849, corn was quite scarce, and sold at $5 per barrel along the road from Booneville to Independence, which was thronged by emigrants to California, and which led by the doctor's house. Dr. Sappington happened to have a bountiful harvest, but never asked over two dollars for his corn, and often charged nothing to those apparently needy.

He died in the eighty-first year of his age, at his residence, in Saline county, September the 7th, 1856, of a cancer on the forehead, near the right temple - honored and respected by all who knew him and in the full possession of all his faculties.

For years previous to his death he had prepared and ready for the reception of his remains a leaden coffin, which he kept under his bed. " At his direction, also, a large rock was hewn out and placed above ground in the cemetery. On this rock was to be placed his coffin after his death. Upon his vault, at his own request, was inscribed the following solitary epitaph:

Dr. Sappington and wife had eight children in the following order, to-wit: Eliza, third wife of Gov. C. F. Jackson, of Missouri; Lavinia, wife of Gov. M. M. Marmaduke, of Missouri; Erasmus D., William B. Jane, first wife of Gov. C. F. Jackson; Louisa, second wife of Gov. C. F.

Jackson, Susan Catherine, wife of Capt. L. S. Eddins, of Howard county; Mary E., wife of Dr. Wm. Price, of Saline county, and Sarah Margaret, who died at the age of thirteen.

Jane, the first wife of Gov. Jackson, died a few months after their marriage. Louisa, the secoqd wife, died after giving birth to Wm. S. and Jno. B. Jackson, who were left in charge of Eliza, the widow of Alonzo Pearson, and she afterward became the third wife of Gov. Jackson.

A few years before his death, Dr. Sappington, in order to prevent any trouble or dissatisfaction in the division of his estate, auctioned off his real property among his children and the heirs of those who had died before him, reserving for himself only a frugal support for the time that might be left him.

His wife, to whom was due all of the happiness and much of the success that marked her husband's career, had died December the 14th, 1852. In recording that event we find the following words, written by the doctor's own hand:

Jane, the wife of the subject of this sketch, was the eldest of eight children, born to William and Elizabeth Breathitt, of Kentucky. John, the second child, became a lawyer, and died in 1834, while governor of Kentucky. Edward was a physician, and studied medicine under Dr. Sappington. James was a lawyer ; Cordwell was a farmer and merchant at Russelville, Kentucky, and George, the youngest of Mrs. Sappington's brothers, was private secretary to President Jackson, and died in that service May 23d, 1833.

A portion of the history of the early settlement of this township is given under the head of Early Settlements, in the division allotted to the Petite Osage Bottom. The history of its settlement by neighborhoods is here given.

Early Settlers And Settlements

Mr. John P. De Moss, of township 52, range 21, states that the first settlers were Capt. Daniel Kaiser, of Virginia; Geo. Davis, who came between the years 1818 and 1820, from Ross county, Ohio, and located upon section 8; the Lewises - Wm. H., Maj.-Gen. Geo. W., and Col. Jno. M., - came in 1830, settling on section 21, 22 and 27; Col. John S. Yancey came from Virginia in 1834, to section 18; Alex. McClintick in 1834, from Virginia, to section 29; Capt. John A. White in 1836, from Virginia, to section 22; Mr. Renick from Ohio, in 1839, to section 23.

The first marriage was that of John Kenton and Juliet Davis, at the residence of Geo. Davis, about the year 1836. Squire J. H. McMillan, in 1836, married Nelson McReynolds to Anna Craig, in Lafayette coMinXy, his own jurisdiction being in this township. Several years afterward, after quite a family pf children had been raised, the parties thought the ceremony had been illegal, and went to a clergyman in their own county and were remarried.

The first death was that of Hannah De Moss, October 26, 1839. She was buried in the graveyard, one and a half miles west of Waverly, in Lafayette county.

The first school was taught at the Notley Thomas place, by Miss Louisa Lewis, who now lives in Waverly; she had about a dozen pupils at a salary of about $12 a month. Those who could afford it in those days usually employed private instructors. Hon. J. W. Bryant, afterward, and now a prominent attorney of the county, was tutor for some years in the family of Col. Yancey. The' first school house was built on Col. Yancey's farm, in 1838, by Col. Yancey, Wm. De Moss, Jas. Brown, Alex. McClintock and Geo. Davis, at a cost of about $50.

For many years after the country was settled there was but one road, the State; there were no bridges, no defined roads to the timber or from one house to another. Milling was done at Dover or Jonesboro, twentytwo, miles away. Other supplies were obtained at Dover or Arrow Rock, and sometimes from Lexington, from whence all lumber was brought. Goods were brought from Jonesboro and Dover, in wagons; from Lexington by river, in steamboats when they ran. The first boats went no higher up the river than Lexington.

Mrs. Nannie E. Kaiser

This lady, an old settler herself, states that the first settlers she remembers were those mentioned by Mr. De Moss, with the addition of Mr. Huffman, who came in 1828, from Virginia, to section 2, and Wm. Miller, who came in 1826.

The first marriage she remembers was that of Mr. Armentrout to Miss Margaret Huffman. The ceremony was performed by Esq. Davis at the residence of Capt. Kaiser.

The first birth of a male child in her neighborhood was that of William Harvey Miller, son of Samuel and Priscilla Miller, in 1830. The first female child born was Frances Lewis, in 1830, whose parents were Wm. M. and Eliza G. Lewis.

The first death was that of Wm. Thompson, in 1829; he was buried on the old Lewis farm, west of Marshall. Frances and Mrs. Eliza G. Lewis were buried in the same graveyard.

The first school was taught near Salt Fork, at a place called Pilot Knob, by Col. Wm. Lewis, in 1829. He had about twenty-five scholars. Col. L. died in Lafayette county, in J 845. His school house was the first built in that community. It was of logs and cost probably $25.

The first male child born in this gentleman's neighborhood, was Edward Parsons, son of Mr. and Mrs. Sarah Parsons. The date of birth is 1842. The first death was that of Archibald McClintock, in 1845. He was buried on Capt. Kaiser's farm.

Mr. Joseph McReynolds settled on section 17, in 1824; Samuel McReynolds settled on section 18 in 1821; both were from, Tennessee. Notley Thomas settled on section 18 in 1819; he was from Kentucky.

The first school was taught in section 18, near the county line, by Hugh French, in the year 1827 or 1828. He had ten pupils, and his salar)'^ was $1 per scholar per month. The first school house was built in the same place in 1827. It was of logs, with a puncheon floor. .

The trading points at that time were Fayette, Booneville, Old Franklin, Arrow Rock. Dover was the nearest milling point. The first postoffice was in Lafayette county, about a mile from the Saline county line, and near Waverly, on the Webb place. John Dustin was the postmaster The first steamboat carrying freight and passengers, that ascended the Missouri as high as Lexington, is remembered to be the Globe, commanded and owned by Capt. Glasgow, after whom the city of Glasgow, Howard county, was named. She made her first trip in 1835; on her third trip down the river, being heavily loaded with corn, she sank. Prior to this time, navigation on the river was conducted by keel-boats, propelled by poles or pulled up by ropes.

In the first days of this settlement, horse-flies were a great plague. It was impossible to travel in the daytime with horses on account of the immense swarms of these bloodthirsty insects. Farmers were compelled to do much of their work at night. The season of these pests was in August and September, lasting about forty days. They were hatched in the long prairie grass, then everywhere abounding.

Hugh Gilham

The first settlers in the vicinity of this gentleman's residence, township 61, range 23 - Gilham's Landing - was Richard Malone, of Tennessee; Nicholas James, of Virginia, who came in 1830, to section 32, township 62; Harper Meadows, also from Virginia, ^yhocame in 1835 or 1836, to section 7, township 51, and Milton and Alex. Galbraith, who came in 1835, from Tennessee, to section 31, township 52. Mr. Gilham himself came in 1837.

The first marriage was that of Joseph Minter and Sarah Allison in 1841, and took place in section 8, where the M. E. Church South now stands. The ceremony was by Joel Meadows, Esq. The first male child born was John James, in 1840. His parents were Nicholas and Mary James; the latter is still living. Nancy Gilham, daughter of Isaac and

Mary Gilham, was the first female child born. She was born February 21, 1839. The first death was that of Isaac Gilham, August 8, 1840. He was buried in the Slusher graveyard, Lafayette county.

The first regular physician was Dr. James Warren, who now lives in Waverly. The first minister was Rev. Jamison, Methodist, and the first religious services were at the house of Mrs. Mary Gilham.