Saline County, Missouri - The whole text, 1881 (part 9 of 28)

In the rear, the conflict was darker still. Brown hurled his forces upon Shank's in wave after wave, that bursted in spray of skirmishers, and recoiled before the grim shol-e beyond held by two hundred desperate men. As the artillery fire deepened and rolled over the field, great cheers arose from the friendly ranks now closing and shouting around their prey. Shanks, enveloped and almost overpowered, fought on with a desperation rarely equalled. Brown brought up his artillery, ands wept the position' with a hurricane of baUs, but could not dislodge his enemies. Shanks asked for one piece of artillery to stem the hot tide, but it could not be given. Shelby only shouted back from his own gloom : " For half an hour, Shanks; for half an hour, until I mount my men." The woodwork of one of his Parrot guns had been shot into shreds, both wheels go.ne, and the trail clear broken. Even then he tried to save his darling cannon, and attempted to lift it into an ammunition wagon. The wagon, too, was shot away, and eight men fell around it. Fromall sides now death came leaping and insatiate. Brown extended his lines beyond the utmost of Shanks' skirmishers, and crossed Salt Fork three miles below the bridge, pouring up and joining Ewing by regiments. Fraternizing and shouting like devils, they came down upon the left as a vast torrent. . But Shelby was prepared, his men mounted and closed up, solid and defiant, while the ammunition wagons had six drivers detailed to each team to whip them through with the charge. On the extreme left of Swing's line could be seen drawn up across the only road at all practicable a splendid Federal Missouri regiment, with infantry skirmishers in front, in groups behind corn-shocks. Shelby determined to hurl his whole force upon this regiment, and crush it or double it back upon the center. The object was to break through the lines, now strengthening every moment, even if it required the sacrifice of half the brigade. With this view he recollected Shanks, and ordered him to fall back immediately, but that devoted oSicer, was so hard pressed and crippled, that he mounted his men with difficult}^, and had to form and fight three times before he traveled the half mile between his position and Colonel Shelby's. Meantime, the danger thickened each moment, and Shanks had not arrived. Knowing he could well take care of himself, and believing that he would come up by the time the encircling lines of the enemy were broken. Colonel Shelby ordered the final charge m column, leading himself, though entreated not to take so much exposure. It was a fearful moment. The thin, gray wedge dashed down full upon the enemy's line, receiving the fire of three full batteries, but killing the skirmishers behind the corn-shocks in dozens. The Federal regiment swayed slightly as Shelby neared it, and from both wings the infantry double-quicked for its relief. Too late ! That column, fierce as a full-fed river, and canopied in powder clouds, as the men fired right and left, swung into line with the rush of a whirlwind, and grappled with the foe, standing bravely to see the issue through. Short work and very bloody. A few first fell away from the flanks panic stricken; the regiment then quivered and shook, from end to end, until, heaving and collapsing to an impulse as swift and vivid as the lightning's flash, it broke away toward Marshall, hopelessly rent and scattered. With this charge came the wagons, clattering along as fast as the fastest horsemen, and went through the gap white and huge as the new sails of a staunch, fleet frigate. Daylight ahead now, for in that thundering charge the entire left wing of E wing's four thousand men gave way in wild disorder, and but for the arriving masses of Brown's division the day would have been lost to Ewing. Colonel Shelby knew salvation to be near at hand, and halted, even there, to wait for Shanks, giving time for new columns of attack to be formed against him, and fresh forces to join in the battle; but Shanks could not reach him. Surrounded, hemmed in, fighting hand to hand, and bleeding at every step, he turned directly east, at the point where Col. Shelby turned west, and cut through everything before him to the timber, bringing off the remaining piece of artillery in safety.

Seeing Shanks cut off, and Brown throwing his whole force between them, Shelby determined to retreat toward Waverly, believing that Shanks' indomitable pluck and sagacity would carry him through, and whether they did or not, Shelby was powerless to assist him, and even his own safetj'- could not entirely be counted upon as certain, for great masses of cavalry came thundering after him, evidently bent on mischief. Capt. Reck. Johnson held the rear, and repulsed two severe charges of the enemy; but he, too, sent for help, and received two more companies, under Edwards and Crispin. With these he held the pursuers in check until darkness settled down, good and black, and the brigade had gained the river road leading to Waverly.

A short halt for three hours, gave time for a Httle rest and feeding, when sixty rounds of ammunition were issued to the men, and the wagons, now perfectly useless, since all the cartridges had been used or distributed, were sunk many fathoms in the Missouri river.

It is almost a pity that the foregoing lurid and exciting account of Shelby's passage through Saline county, and especially the " battle" of Marshall, is not altogether accurate and faithful. It reads very prettily in some parts, and the author's shrieky, and at times, delirious style is quite agreeable to some people, and might be relished by the reader of this volume after so much prosy, dull reading, if he thought the statements made were true.

But since one side - the Confederate - has been told, it is but fair that the other - the Federal - should have a hearing. Horace Greeley's History of the American Conflict, Vol. 2, p. 453, places the number of Shelby's troops at 2,500, and says : " They were pursued by a hastily gathered body of Missouri militia, under Gen. E. B. Brown, who struck them, October 12, near Arrow- Rock, at nightfall, fighting them till dark, renewing the attack at eight next morning, and putting them to flight, with a loss of some 300 killed, wounded, and prisoners." Upon the strength of a dispatch from Gen. Brown to Gen. Schofield, at St. Louis, the latter officer telegraphed the next day to the Federal authorities 'at Washington, the following:

Gen. Brown brought the rebels, utider Shelby, to a decisive engagement, yesterday. The fight was obstinate, and lasted five hours. The rebels were finally completely routed, and scattered in all directions, with loss of all their artillery and baggage, and a large number of small arms

One unacquainted personally with any of the facts in the case would be somewhat confused, not to 'say bewildered, upon reading the foregoing widely differing accounts of the little fight at Marshall. It will doubtless be a surprise to many to learn that, as a fact, after all of the "very bloody work" according to Edwards, the "very great loss of the enemy in killed and wounded" according to Greeley, the killing of the skirmishers behind the corn shocks by dozens narrated by Edwards, "our large loss" stated by Greeley, and all of the flapdoodle of both of them - that there was not a single Federal kUled on the field that day, and but four, or possibly five, Confederates. One Federal died in a few days from his wounds. His name was Samuel Etter, and it is believed he lived in this or Lafayette county. He was buried at Marshall, but his body was afterward removed by his relatives. The dead Confederates were also buried here, and the most of their bodies were afterward claimed by friends and taken away. The number of wounded on each side was about twenty-five. Of these the Confederates were the worse injured, because they were shot with musket balls, while 'the Federals were wounded with carbine and revolver bullets of small calibre comparatively. Six Confederates afterward died of their wounds, and in part of want of care. Eighteen Confederates besides the wounded were taken prisoners, but not a single Federal. Those killed on the field were buried near Mr. Mooney's. Those who died in hospital were buried but a few yards from where they died.

The best account that can be obtained of Shelby's progress through this county, including the fight at Marshall, is here given. The details have been obtained from Major George W. Kelly, of the 4th Cavalry, M. S. M.; Lieut.-Col. B. F. Lazear, of the 1st Cavalry M. S. M.; Col. John F. Phillips, of the 7th Cavalry M. S. M.; Gen. Thos. H. Ewing, and Dr. M. T. Chastian, surgeon in charge of the Federal wounded at Marshall, on the part of the Federals, and from Gen. Jo. O. Shelby himself ; Quartermaster Lewis Neale, of Gordon's regiment; Lieut. R. W. Nichols, of Hunter's regiment, and many private soldiers of Shelby's command now residents of this county, including Mr. Wm. H. Rea, of Gordon's regiment, and Dr. Spencer Brown, surgeon in charge of the Confederate wounded - on the part of the Confederates, and from citizens of Marshall - Judge and Mrs. Landon, Mrs. Bryant, Mrs. Sheridan, Miss Mary Allen and others who assisted in caring for the wounded after the battle. The statements of the parties do not all agree, to be sure, and due allowance has been made for discrepancies, caused by lapse of time since the events occurred, defects of memory, means of knowledge, etc.

Nave farm as before dfetailed, Brown conceived the idea of dividing his force and sending a portion of it in front of Shelby, and thus place the Confederates, the next day, between two fires. Accordingly, Lieut. Col. Lazear was directed to take his command, numbering about 350 men, and that of Maj. Kelly, numbering about 250 or 300,#and Johnson's battery of four guns, and flanking Shelby, make a circuit to the southwest by way of Hook's mill on the Salt Fork, to Marshall and take up a position at Marshall, and await the advance of Shelby. Maj. Kelly, with a battallion of the 4th Missouri militia, had the advance. He moved at three o'clock in the morning, crossed the Salt Fork at Hook's mill, and arrived in Marshall about sunrise. At once, he sent out pickets on the Arrow Rock and the Miami roads. The picket on the Arrow Rock road was on the top of the hill just east of the bridge over Salt Fork. Kelly scatteied his men about the east and southeast part of town to get breakfast. Lieut. Col. Lazear, with his command of the 1st Missouri militia, started from Brown's camp immediately after Kelly, but got on the wrong road in the darkness, and did not get to Marshall until after the action had. commenced. Kelly's men had hardly finished their breakfasts when the pickets, on the Arrow Rock, galloped into town and reported- Shelby's approach. Kelly instantly mounted his men and pushed out todispute the road with the Confederates. At the edge of town he dismounted, and leaving every fourth man to hold and take care of the horses, he drew a portion of his force up across the road and sent the remainder down into a deep ravine or hollow, running nearly parallel with the road, and commanding it. Just as he had completed this formation, CoL Lazear arrived with the head of his command, the remainder following rapidly after him. Maj. Kelly here turned over the command to Lazear, as the latter was the senior officer. Lazear did not disturb the position of Kelly's men, but sent his own regiment across the road to the left, dismounting them, and leaving most of the horses in Marshall.

When Shelby's advance struck the Federal pickets, Shelby himself rode back along his line ordering his men, in his short, nervous manner to- "close up! close up!" and adding, "there's trouble ahead." He had heard, when near Booneville, that Gen. Ewing was at Sedalia with a considerable force of Federals and he believed that this force had been marched across the country and was now confronting him. The truth was not a man of Ewing's command was present,* and not a Federal had been in Marshall for a week prior tq the day of the engagement. Shelby pushed

New York, May 34th, 1881. ) Deab Sir: - Your favor of the 16th inst. is received. Neither I nor any of my command participated in the engagement at Marshall, October 13, 1863, between the Confederates^ under General Shelby, and the Union forces under General Brown.

his^whole force rapidly across Salt Fork and left Maj. Shanks and Hunter to guard his rear, with about 250 men. He placed his two cannon on top of the hill west of the stream, in plain view of his enemy and the town, in front of the road to Hook's Mill on his left, along which Lazear's command was hurrying, and of the hill east of Salt Fork behind him. Captain Thorp, with about fifty men, (some say seventy- five), was ordered to charge up the main road into Marshall on Kelly's command across the road, and feel of and discover the Federal strength. The charge was made in gallant style, but the Federals down in the ravine gave their enemies a flanking fire as they passed up the road, and those in front stood their ground, and Thorp soon retreated, losing three or four men, only one of whom was killed, however. He reported to Shelby that it was impossible for him to break through the Federal lines, and the Confederate commander was confirmed in the belief that it was Ewing who was in his front. Thereupon he arranged his line and prepared to fight it out to the best advantage possible, determining to escape to the north-westward and pass into Lafayette county by way of the " pinnacles." His men knew the country very well, for in the case of many of them their feet were on their native heath.

Harris' two guns opened on the Federals, and kept up a vigorous fire for some time, mainly directed against the town. Gordon's regiment was sent to the left of the road, dismounted, the horses left in a ravine, and the regiment deployed and marched obliquely in line against Kelly's men down in the ravine. Gordon's men were as game as anj' of those in the fight, but they were driven back by the militiamen in the hollow, who kept themselves concealed and their numbers unknown. On the retreat, some of Gordon's men rallied around an old log house (still standing), but a couple of shots from a Federal gun on a hill on the road to Hook's mill, drove them away. They f6ll back, and eventually were sent over to the right of the road, where they co-operated with the main body in the principal fight. Some of Gordon's men were wounded in the assault on the ravine, and one, John Corbin, a Lafayette county man, was mortally wounded, falling against Orderly Sergeant J. A. Gordon, of company C, now of the Farmers' Bank of Marshall, then in command of his company.

Thompson's regiment, commanded by Lieut.-Col. Hooper, Elliot's battalion, Pickler's battalion, Thorp's battalion, or company, and Hunter's regiment were to the right of the road fighting Lazear warily and cautiously, but not very vigorously, as Shelby was gradually getting ready to make his escape. His men were well sheltered, as were the Federals, by timber and ravines, and firing was mere pastime; it was not at all dangerous; lead enough was thrown to kill and maim a division, but the protection afforded by nature, the inaccuracy of the Federal fire, being mostly delivered from muskets, and the distance of the Confederates

When Gen. Brown arrived at the Salt Fork, he found Shanks holding the post and fighting with all of his great deal of bravery. He could, however, have made a charge and with his superior force overthrown the brave Confederates on the south bank. True, he would have lost a few men, but he would have gained a victory - and soldiers ought to expect to die. But Brown was afraid of Shelby. He imagined the Confederates to be twice as strong as they were. Citizens along the road had told him that Shelby had 2,500 men, and he believed them. So after planting the two guns of Thurber on the hill and firing a few shots, one of which disabled Shelby's brass " Lone Jack " gun. Brown left about 200 men to keep up a constant firing on Shanks and keep him from co-operating with Shelby's main force, and passed around with the remainder of his force, and, crossing the Salt Fork at Hook's mill joined Kelly and Lazear at Marshall at about 10 o'clock. His command did not all get up until two hours later. It was some time before Brown seemed to comprehend the situation. Lazear had been taken sick, his horse had been shot, and he had turned the command over to Kelly, who reported the condition of affairs and asked to be allowed to charge Shelby. This Brown refused, being yet apparently afraid of Shelby. After some charging and countercharging by both sides, considerable firing, and a great deal of yelling and hubbub generally, great cry and but little wool, Brown attempted to extend his line to his left completely around Shelby, who was in the timber and ravines northeast of town, getting his wagons together and his men well in hand to make a strike for the open air and freedom. Brown succeeded in getting his line extended, but it was a very thin one - a man every six feet or so, on foot and armed with a musket. At last Shelby had completed his preparations. He had one horse killed under him in a ravine, and he carried his arm in a sling, still suffering from a wound received at Helena, Arkansas, the 4th of July previously. But he had been all over the field and knew the situation of his men. He also thought he knew that of the Federals. Calling up his men he rode along the line and told them that he proposed to " cut out." "If you want to surrender, any of you," he said, "you can do so; but remember that if you do, you surrender with your heads in halters, for these are militia, and you know what they are. Many of you have been captured before, and released on taking the oath of allegiance to the United States. You are now fighting in violation of that oath, and if captured, are liable to be shot down like dogs. At the best, you can only expect incarceration in northern dungeons for an indefinite period. Which would you rather do - be shot like dogs or rot in northern dungeons, or cut your way out with Joe Shelby.?" A general and hearty shout was the response, "We'll cut out! We'll cut out!" Shelby thereupon sent word to Shanks to join him, and when he thought that officer had time to catch up, he gave command to " charge." Away went his advance, breaking through Brown's thin line very easily, and without losing a man, the column steering northward toward the Miami road, which was soon reached. Just as Shelby charged, Major Kelly with his battalion of the 4th Missouri, charged also upon the Confederate line. He was checked for a minute by only about twenty men of Gordon's regiment, but he soon went on and cut Shelby's line in two, cutting off Col. Hunter with a part of his regiment, and Shanks with all of the men who had been holding the crossing at Salt Fork all day. With Hunter was the remaining piece of artillery, "the Springfield gun," and it was carried from the field in safety. Owing to this charge of Kelly's the most of Shelby's wagons were left behind, not being able to get out before they were overtaken. Quartermaster Neale, of Gordon's regiment, succeeded in saving about half his wagons, and his own " bacon " by a very close shave.

Upon being cut off and pursued by the Federals, Shanks and Hunter went up the Salt Fork a short distance, crossed and went east for a few miles, then turned south, heading for Arkansas. They crossed the Pacific railroad near Sedalia, and after some unimportant skirmishes with milita joined Shelby about a week after the fight at Marshall.

Shelby continued his retreat to the northwestward, leaving the Miami road and going through Grand Pass township in the direction of Waverly, 'reaching the river bottom about dark. Only one battalion of Lazear's and a company or two of the 7th, (Phillips') regiment pursued the Confederates at first. Johnson's battery of four-pounders w"as started, but the Federal commander ordered them back, saying he would rather have four big clubs. Shelby's rear guard, composed of the companies of Johnson, Edwards, and Crispin, was hard pressed and compelled to halt and fight three or four times, once at the Salt Fork, once at the crossing of Muddy creek, and at two other points between Marshall and the bottom. The Confederates fought hard and lost some men, one man being killed at Muddy creek, and two others elsewhere. The Federals were kept back and some of them wounded. Upon reaching the heavy timber en the bottom, Shelby halted and rested for three hours. His men were ordered to take all the ammunition from the wagons that they could conveniently carry, and when this was done the most of them were run into the river. A few wagons and two ambulances fell into the hands of the Federals.

The Confederate wounded were gathered up and at first carried to the house of a Mrs. Johnson, in the east part of town, near where the fighting occurred. While they were here a wounded Confederate sat leaning against a crab-apple tree in the door-yard, waiting to have his wound dressed. A brute of a Federal militiaman saw him and shot him dead with a revolver. Three days afterward the wounded men were taken to the then Methodist church, which had been improvised for hospital purposes, and Dr. Spencer Brown, who had been sent back by Shelby for the purpose, was placed in charge of them. Among the Confederates were Captains Clanton, Brannon, and Minor, and Lieutenant Thompson. The latter was shot with a carbine ball through both temples. His wound was a dreadful one ; his eyes protruded and he sufltered very much; yet he recovered, and, in company with Capt. Clanton and three others, made his escape within a few weeks. The following are the names of all of the Confederate wounded prisoners that were taken to the Methodist church hospital. The list was prepared by Miss Kitty Ervin, a young lady who lived near Marshall and was a frequent visitor at the hospital. She died shortly after the close of the war. Captain Clanton (escaped,) Captain Minor, Captain Brannon, Lieutenant Thompson (escaped,) Zadoc R. Noe (escaped,) Ross (escaped,) Fountain (escaped,) Tate Sherrill (escaped,) John and Thomas Brannock, Mulot, Cephas Williams, White, Braden, Foy, Hiley, Barrette, Bird, Kirtley, Graham, Lewis, and Glasgow. The following died of their wounds : Corbin, Cotton, Pettis, Parkison, Richardson, Captain Frazier and Smith. John Corbin died at the residence of Mrs. Sheridan, in Marshall, the rest in the hospital.

Miss Mary Allen, Mrs. Shroyer, Mrs. Bryant, and many other ladies were very attentive to the wants of the wounded men. These ladies were sympathizers with the Confederate cause, and suffered more or less persecution at the hands of unscrupulous members of the Federal forces during the war. They were largely assisted in their errands of mercy by Mrs. D. Landon, a lady of northern birth, rearing, and sympathies, whose many good deeds done for her neighbors will ever endear her to them.

The Federal hospital was at first in the house of Mr. Jacob Smith, and in a few days was removed to the residence of Judge Bryant, then occupied by the family of Judge Landon. Here the man Etter, died. His arm had been amputated and he was unable to survive its loss.

The number of men engaged on each side cannot now be accurately given, and never will be certainly known. Greeley's History of the War estimates Shelby's force at 2,500 ; Edwards' " Shelby and'his Men" puts it at 800; Gen. Shelby himself told the writer that he had 1,400; others of the Confederates say he had about 900 old soldiers and 200 recruits, onehalf of whom were armed and participated in the battle.

Edwards puts the number of Federals at 8,000, half under Brown and half under Ewing; Col. Lazear and Major Kelly say that the total Federal force dil*not exceed 1,200 ; other Federal officers say it did not exceed 1,000, etc., etc. This included two six-pound guns under Lieut. Thurber, and Johnson's four four-pound guns. All of the Federals were Missouri militia.

After carefully examining the testimony on both sides, and desiring to state the truth without prejudice, it is altogether probable that the force under Shelby that took part in the fight numbered about 1,000 men - not many more and not manj^ less; and the Federals had between 1,200 and 1,400.

Well was it for the Federals that Gen. Shelby did not correctly estimate their number. He outfought Brown as it was, but he thought Ewing's forces were assisting in the attack, or he would have no doubt gained a complete victory. But either commander could have won great renown for himself had he been as well informed as he should have been. Shelby could have ridden over and through Brown's forces and escaped without the loss of a tin cup, and Brown could have completely broken up and dispersed or captured the most of the Confederates. It was the old, old case wherein the foresight was not equal to the aftersight.

After remaining in camp about three hours at the point on the bottom where he destroyed his wagons, Shelby passed on to Waverly, reaching that place at about three in the morning and scarcely halting. He was so closely pressed while passing through this county that but few of his men whose homes were here, had time or opportunity to visit them. Many of them rode by the homes of old neighbors, but only had time to ride out of ranks and shake them by the hand as they stood by the roadside, and ask hurriedly after friends and relatives. About fifty recruits were obtained in this county.

The Federals followed cautiously in Shelby's rear, the pursuing force being Phillips' 7th regiment. The command halted that night at the residence of Mr. Vanmeter, in the bottom.

During the fight at Marshall, a citizen, named Mitchell, had a cow, which had strayed between the lines of the contending forces. While and where the bullets flew thickest Mr. Mitchell went calmly down after his bossy, and not seemingly caring whether blue or gray was the color of the victors, drove her back to a place of safety, amid the storm of whistling bullets and screaming shell. Approaching the Federal line, he called out to the soldiers to " stand back out of the way and let this blamed old cow pass," and the soldiers stood back accordingly, and Mitchell saved his cow.

A Mr. McCafFerty had some very choice pieces of bacon, which he was very anxious should not be captured or plundered by either side. His house was placed on blocks, without any underpinning. He thought to " save his bacon " by hiding it under the house. His neighbor, Jim. McKown, had a pack of hounds, lean, lank and ravenc^fcly hungry. Affrighted at the noise of the battle, "the thunder of the captains and the shouting," these hounds had slunk under McCafferty's house, and lay cowering right where he proposed to hide his meat. As he flung it under piece by piece, the dogs siezed it and gleefully carried it away to a place of safety, where it was devoured. McCafterty, strange to say ( !) was laughed at by those of his neighbors who had no. meat of their own to hide, as well as those who had, on account of his mishap.

Two or three bombs from Shelby's cannon came into town. One struck a horse, hitched to the square fence ; another hit a church, and one hit a store building. A good story is told of the efFect of one of these shots.

The War In 1864

The year 1864 was remarkable for the number of horrible deeds done by both Federals and Confederates, under the cover and with the excuse of military necessities. Early in the spring, the Confederate guerrilla organizations began to move in the western part of the state, and the " Red Legs," or Kansas militia, together with the Federal Missouri militia, were especially active. What followed is sought to be forgotten by the good, sensible people of all parties. Men were murdered and scalped, and their bodies otherwise horribly mutilated ; houses and barns were burned; women and children turned out into the elements; whole districts laid waste; whole counties devastated.

Bill Anderson, Quantrell, Todd Poole, and other guerilla leaders, took no prisoners in fight - took none elsewhere that they spared. They shot, stabbed, and cut the throats of their victims, without mercy, sparing none, from the stripling to the patriarch. The Federal militia were equally merciless toward the guerrillas and bushwhackers. Any man who had belonged to them, or who, under any circumstances, had been connected with them, or who had fed or harbored them, given them information, or had seen them and failed to report their presence to the nearest Federal garrison, if captured, was shot down with but little ceremony, or with none at all. Each party claimed to act in retaliation for the offenses committed by the other, and this was the excuse given then, and sometimes given now by their partisans, for these barbarities. Robbery and pillage were so common as to become matters of course, and but of small comparative consequence. And these enormities were perpetrated " in retaliation," and by men claiming to be patriots!

But these things must be, at least -will be, in a war where brothers fight against a father, and fellow-citizens of one race, of one country, of one kinship, enhst to kill each other for a difference of political opinion. There is this great consolation left - there ivill never be another war in this country between its citizens.

of capture and executions, during the year 1864. The leading events those concerning the entire county, were the burning of the court house and Gen. Price's invasion, commonly called Price's last raid.

In August, 1864, the Federal garrison at Marshall was moved to Lexington. . The forces had consisted of a detachment of the First M. S. M., under Maj. A. W. MuUins, and had been ordered into Lafayette cOunty by Lieut.-Col. Lazear of that regiment, in command of the district of Lafayette and Saline. Col. W. S. Jackson, son of Gov. C. F. Jackson, had a Confederate command then operating in this, Cooper, and Howard counties. A portion of this force was in Howard county and another portion on this side of the river.

As soon as the Federals had fairly abandoned Marshall, word was sent of the fact to Col. Jackson's force. On the 10th of August, according to the best information obtainable, a dozen or so of Jackson's men, under Lieutenants Piper and Durrett, dashed into town yelling and hallooing and firing their revolvers. / There was no one to oppose them and they held the place for some hours. The most of them were from this county and were acquainted with many of the citizens of the place.

The court-house had been used by the Federals from time to time, during their occupancy of the place, as barracks and sleeping quarters for the men. The county officers had had their offices in the upper portion of the building, but the offices were not then in the court-house, and the records had been removed to Lexington for safe keeping. No one was then occupying the building. The lower rooms were littered up with hay and straw which had been used by the soldiers for bedding.

Shortly after Jackson's men arrived in the place, one of them went to the northeast corner of the court-house, on the outside of the building, picked up a wisp of hay, set it on fire with a lighted match, and tossed it through the window upon the hay and straw lying on the floor. Then he went his way. In a short time the building was completely on fire and destroyed. The walls fell in soon after. The building had stood for more than twenty years, and was in an excellent state of preservation The court-house had been put to military uses by the Federals, and was Federal property. It was therefore lawful for the Confederates to destroy it. It was not the only court-house burned in Missouri by either the Confederates or the Federals.

News of the burning of the court house at Marshall having reached Col. Lazear at Lexington, that officer immediately came down with a detachment of the 1st M. S. M., and proceeded to take severe measures to punish the people of the county for suffering and allowing something to be done which they could not help, or at least which they claimed they could not help. A number of persons, male and female, were arrested and carried to Marshall, where they were confined and kept in prison for different times, and only released upon taking the iron-clad oath and giving heavy bonds. Some of the men were not allowed even to do this. It was at this time that Mr. Gilliam was apprehended on a charge of having fed the guerrilla, Capt. Yager, and afterward released upon the statement of Miss Jennie Flannery that she was the guilty party, mention of which circumstance is made elsewhere.

Some of the ladies who were arrested by Col. Lazear were Miss Sue Bryant, of Marshall ; Misses Bennie 'Elliot, Jennie Flannery, and Sallie Pearson, of Arrow Rock; Misses Amanda and Missouri Jackson, of Saline City, sisters. The charges against these ladies were generally for harboring, feeding, and furnishing information to the bushwhackers, Miss Bryant, the daughter of Hon. J. W. Bryant, of Marshall, was charged, says Col. Lazear in a letter to the historian of this chapter, "with encouraging bushwhackers by waving something in imitation of a rebel flag while they were burning the court house." The "imitation" referred to was the skirt of a dress used in calisthenic exercises in the Booneville ladies' seminary, of which Miss Bryant was a member. It was made of alternate red and white strips of muslin. Miss Bryant, now Mrs. John Cason, denies to this day that she ever did the act attributed to her. A letter addressed to a lady in Boone county was found in Miss B.'s trunk, containing the expression, "God bless the bushwhackers." This strengthened the case against her. She was taken to Booneville, from thence to Warrensburg, and from thence to the female prison at St. Louis, where she was kept for some months, and at last released on taking the oath and filing a $3,000 bond. She was then but seventeen years of age. Miss Bryant, Miss Elliot, and Miss Flannery were the only ladies taken out of the county. The Misses Jackson and Miss Pearson were released at Marshall on taking the oath. Miss Flannery took the oath at Warrensburg, and was set free. Miss Elliott proved contumacious, and it is said was eventually confined in the penitentiary at Jefferson City.

A few days after the burning of the court house, some of the members of Jackson's command were in attendance at church, in Blackwater township. A company of militia rode up and tried to capture them. Their approach had been noted by a watchful picket, who sounded the alarm. All of them escaped but Lieut. Durrett, who was shot through the ankle, and fell, fainting, from his horse. The militia soon made him prisoner, took him to Arrow Rock, tried him by drumhead court-martial, and sentenced him to be shot. The sentence was executed in a very brief time. The lieutenant, unable to stand by reason of his broken limb, was propped up against a fence, and riddled with musket balls. His offense, as alleged by the militia, was that he had assisted in burning the court house, and was guilty of being a bushwhacker generally. His comrades gave as a reason why they did not try to carry off the wounded man, that they were pressed for time, and besides, they thought him dead. Durrett died "game." His last message to his friends was: "Tell the boys to keep on fighting."

At Arrow Rock, a detachment of Lazear's troops arrested Mr. Marshall Piper, tried him by some sort of court-martial, and shot him within an hour. He was universally regarded as a harmles and very -excellent man, and one who had taken no part in the war whatever. He was always peaceable and inoffensive, and his execution was not only a regret, but a surprise to all who knew him. Col. Lazear says: "Piper was shot for harboring and feeding bushwhackers, and refusing to give information concerning the same; and you will please allow me here to say that it had more good effect in giving the Union people of Saline peace and protection than any one act I had done during the war." Mr. Piper's relatives deny yet that he was guilty, as charged, and his friends and neighbors, both Union and Confederate, all pronounce his execution simply an atrocity. Piper, with sixteen or eighteen of his neighbors, was first arrested, released on parole, and ordered to report regularly at Arrow Rock, every morning. The next morning he left his home and went to town, in compliance with the terms of his parole. Esquire Davidson, who was county assessor at the time, and a firm Union man, was with him. Mr. Davidson says that a number of the citizens were gathered together by Lazear's order, and addressed by him in a speech, full of reproach for their past conduct, and of threat and warning for the future. Closing, he pointed to Piper, saying, "As for that fellow, he will be shot to-day, at two o'clock." This was the first intimation that Mr. Piper had that he was not to be allowed to return home, as he had been promised. Mr. Davidson remonstrated, expostulated, and entreated Col. Lazear to spare the poor man, and so did others; but he was inexorable, would listen to no explanations, would give no time for the procurement of testimony establishing the innocence and harmless character of the condemned - would have nothing but his blood. Promptly at two o'clock, Piper was led out. He did not shrink from the ordeal. He said he was not afraid to die, but, especially for the sake of his family, did not wish to. A detail of ten men carried out Lazear's order, and, strange to say, eleven bullet wounds were found in the body. Piper's hands were bound with his own handkerchief. He stood up and received the fatal fire without a tremor, protesting his innocence of intentional wrong to the last.

were coming to see their respected and honored head before it should be -carried out, but had arrived too late. He lay a mangled corpse, the victim of a horrible, revolting, outrageous murder, inexcusable, uncalled for, unextenuated, productive of no good, but exasperating and harrowing, and bringing only retaliation upon innocent men for its commission.

Soon thereafter the county was visited by Gen. Price, with several thousand men, on his famous and disastrous raid into Missouri in quest of supplies and recruits. It was intended, so says Gen. Marmaduke, to capture not only the smaller Federal depots in Missouri, but the great military post of Ft. Leavenworth as well. If the expedition had been entirely successful communication would have been opened with Arkansas, and then Price's, from an army of invasion, would have become an army of occupation.

Price'S Last Raid

In the summer of 1864 the Southern Confederacy was bleeding at every pore, and dying fast. Gen. Lee's army of northern Virginia, reduced to a mere handful, was cooped up in the intrenchments of Petersburg, and the hand of Gen. Grant was already on the throat of Lee. The army of Gen. Johnston had failed to obstruct the march of Gen. Sherman, who was already in the very bowels of the Confederacy.

In the trans-Mississippi department, an army of 60,000 veterans were lying inactive, while the Confederacy was dying, and must inevitably die, unless some great move could be made in the West to give it new life, and change the aspect of afTairs. In the West, this magnificent army of 60,000 veterans was under the command of Gen. E. Kirby Smith, a weak, vacillating man, utterly incapable of the work of genius demanded of him. There was but one of two things to do, and Gen. Smith did neither, but pursued a middle course, as vacillating men always do, and accomplished nothing. From the war department he received a calm but peremptory order to send every available man at once to Richmond. The difficulties of crossing the river deterred him, and he disobeyed the order. One other course remained, to mass every soldier and gun west of the river and invade Missouri, take St. Louis, and if Grant still kept his grasp on Lee's worn-out army, invade Illinois, Indiana, and through Ohio or Kentucky to Richmond. Gen. Smith was urged by Gen. Magruder to pursue this plan, but he. hesitated and wavered, and finally determined to send Gen. Sterling Price, with 10,000 cavalry to make a raid into Missouri. The expedition - containing three divisions, under Gens. Marmaduke, Shelby and Fagan - started from Dallas county, Arkansas, on the 30th of August, 1864.

From the very first, before even it got out of Arkansas, the expedition moved slowly and uncertainly. Nearly an entire month was occupied in reaching Pilot Knob on the Iron Mountain Railway, and the road to St. Louis was then open for a swift and decided movement. But General Ewing was allowed to escape from Pilot Knob, and so much time was wasted that St. Louis could no longer be taken. Time was given for General A. J. Smith to reach St. Louis from Cairo with his corps. General Price then sheened off to the northwest and struck for Jefferson City.

The capital was swarming with troops, and though encamped in sight of its domes for one night, the expedition avoided it, and pushed on slowly to the west, now encumbered with a tremendous train of wagons, cattle and supplies of all kinds, twelve miles per day was the march of this cavalry expedition! Reaching Booneville the expedition wasted three days, and here seem to have lost all idea of their original plan. Now the one thought in Gen. Price's mind seemed to be to reach the Kansas line, and to strike due south for Arkansas and safety.

On the 15th of October, the expedition reached the soil of Saline county. Gen. Rosecrans was now in pursuit of Price with a vastly superior force, composed of infantry, cavalry and artillery. Still the expedition, with its enormous train for a tail, could not move faster than 12 to ] 5 miles per day. Passing directly through Saline, Gen. Price halted and encamped on the 16th of October at the Keiser bridge over Salt Fork creek, on the state road to Lexington. On the 14th Gen. Shelby, with two hundred men and two pieces of cannon, had struck across the county to attack Glasgow, and enable Gen. Clark with his brigade to cross. Shelby opened fire on the garrison camp just at daylight, and shelled it for a short time. A skiff was found and an attempt made to bring over a steamboat on the other side. The boat was reached, but her machinery was found in too damaged a condition for use, and the skiff returned, without loss. The guns of Gen. Clark were soon heard north of the town, and thus attacked in front and rear, Col. Harding surrendered. Gen. Clark crossed over his troops, and with Shelby mai-ched rapidly to Price's camp on Salt Fork.

The angry roar of a great army behind him, and with ample power to cut him ofi' at his contemplated place of turning to the south, accelerated the movements of Gen. Price, and he broke camp in Saline, as soon as Gen. Clark arrived, and moved on fifteen miles, to Waverly, in Lafaj'ette county. On reaching Lexington, the expedition met the Kansas troops, under Gen. Lane, and after some fierce fighting bore them back towards Independence. On the 21st of October, a hard two or three hours fight enabled the advance of the expedition, under Marmaduke, and re-enforced by Shelby, to push back the United States troops and cross the Little Blue, and to reach Independence - but here the expedition seemed utterly doomed, for a large army was in front, and a vastly superior force under Rosecrans in person, in sight behind. That night the salvation of

Price's expedition demanded incessant retreat southward, through all the dark hours. But not a soldier moved - all slept, train and all. All day long, of the 23d of October, was spent in fighting around Westport; Marmaduke fighting in the rear to hold back General Rosecrans, and Shelby fighting to hold back Lane's army from Westport, while Gen. Price and his huge train could get well started down to the south. Some of the hardest fighting of the whole war was done on both sides, that 23d of October, on the prairies around Westport. Nature never formed a grander battle-field than that around Westport. Gen. Price, by sending his train, on the night of the 22d, could have saved it, and saved the life of many gallant men, wasted uselessly. Blundering seemed the normal condition of the commanders-in-chief upon both sides. At last, after six hours fighting, and the loss of one-third of their men, Marmaduke and Shelby succeeded in holding back Rosecrans, Blunt and Lane, until Price, with his mighty train, got well through the defiles, and the devoted Missourians closed up on the rear. At the crossing of Turkey Creek, Gens. Marmaduke and Cabbell were captured, and the expedition almost demoralized. The two iron brigades of Shelby's division, composed very largely of Saline and Lafayette county men, held the Federal army at bay, through all the long retreat, and sacrificed half of what was left of the division, to save a train, that was useless, and was finally burned and destroyed after the sacrifice was made.

In this last fighting that was done in Missouri, there were many Saline county soldiers upon both sides, and all bore themselves bravely and well. The last stand was made by Shelby, at Newtonia, and the demoralized expedition was enabled to get far into Arkansas, and safe ; and Shelby with his Saline and Lafayette soldiers had saved what was left of the expedition, but at the cost of many lives.

When Gen. Price entered this county many of his men left him and went for a brief furlough to their homes near by. While the army was at the camp on the Salt Fork near Riser's, nearly every soldier had a holiday. The troops scattered in every direction, and went almost where they pleased. The Carroll county men went home, the Lafayette county men went home, the Saline county men went home, the Ray county men went home. What a grand opportunity was here presented to Pleasonton and Rosecrans to capture or destroy Price's entire army! But, as was quite often the case, the Federal commanders failed to understand and to take advantage of the situation, and the Confederates rested themselves and their horses and had a good time generally while awaiting the arrival of Shelby and Clark and some recruits from the north side of the river.

General Price daily held levees and receptions at his headquarters. Hundreds of people from the county visited him : the old men to shake his hand, the middle-aged men to take advice and counsel from him, the matrons to bless him, and the maidens to kiss him ! Dozens of the beautiful little "rebels" came miles to see the old warrior and press their rosy lips to his fat, ruddy cheek, and be saluted by him in return. All this for the sake of the Confederacy, and that Missouri might be redeemed from the rule of the despised Federals!

But while General Price was being petted and coddled and kissed by the pretty girls of Saline, and fed on " chicken dinners" by their mammas, and on "taffy" by their papas, the Federals were gathering under Pleasonton in his rear - moving along the north side of the river t9 get in his front, coming down and out from Kansas, and swarming and preparing everywhere for the events that afterward followed at the Blue, at Independence, at the Little Osage.

During their stay in Saline county, the Federal sympathizer felt the displeasure of the Confederates, in many instances very severely. Many a meal was eaten, many a horse taken, many a dollar's worth of other property lost at their expense, while there were other things done of a sadder, more tragic and serious nature.

Price's men passed through the county, not on one road, or two; but on every road that ran from east to west. In Lafayette, before reaching Lexington, the army was compactly organized. Shelby's division was divided; many went with their leader to Glasgow; a large portion assisted in the capture of Sedalia, the latter rejoining the army at Waverly, and many had furloughs ; Marmaduke passed through Marshall and the central part of the county, while Fagan's Arkansans went pretty much everywhere. The army was in this county about ten days, coming into the county on the 12th of October, and leaving it on the 20th.

In the presidential election of 1864, the first votes ever cast for a republican candidate for president in Saline county were given. The vote was small, even to insignificance, owing to the scarcity of men allowed to vote. The democratic candidates were Gen. George B. McClellan, a Federal soldier, and Hon. George H. Pendleton, of Ohio. The republicans presented Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson. The republicans carried the county by the following vote:

Whereas, It appears to the county court of Saline county,, that the pubHc records and other property of Saline county, at Marshall, is in great danger of being destroyed by guerrilla bands. It is' therefore ordered by the county court of Saline county, that a military guard, to consist of not more than eighty men, to be composed of cavalry or infantry, be employed by Saline county to protect said property, and that said guard be paid for said services out of the public money of Saline county not otherwise appropriated, the same wages per month that are paid to soldiers of the United States for the same class of service; and that said guard be employed for two months from the 16th day of August, 1864, and no longer, unless by further order from this court.

About this time a company of militia, stationed at Marshall, hearing of ' the approach of a considerable body of Confederates, became alarmed and made a precipitate retreat. Before they left they threw into the well in the court house yard, several muskets and other munitions of war, where they are to this day. If in the far future, some archaeologist shall find these guns, or the remains thereof, let him not think that he has discovered evidences of a knowledge of fire-arms on the part of some pre-historic race that inhabited this country. Let him know from these chronicles how they came there.

As an evidence that the customs and laws of slavery were still observed by the Union authorities, and as a record of the olden time, and of a custom that has forever passed away, the following entries may be seen in the proceedings of the county court, June term, 1862, and as late as 1864:

It is ordered by the court, that Vincent Marmaduke, Capt. James Boyer, Robert Nowlin, W. B. Sappington, John Durrett, James Neff, Willis Piper, D. W. Marmaduke and Wm. Durrett be, and are hereby appointed a patrol for Arrow Rock township, to serve for one year from this date, who will patrol not less than forty-eight hours in each month at the rate of one cent per hour.

It is ordered by the court, that the following persons be, and are hereby allowed the following amounts for services as patrols, viz.: D. R. Stallard, $16.25; James Evans, ipl6.25; A. C. Lewis, $16.25, and Lewis Crutsinger, $16.25. '

Close Of The War

Although the militia kept up their scouting parties, and there was an occasional arrest or killing of some one, the war was virtually over as far as Saline county was concerned after the disastrous termination of Price's raid. News that the Confederate arm_v, upon which so many had rested their hope and expectation, had been defeated, soon reached the county, and the hearts of the sympathizers with the Confederacy sank w^ithin them. It was now clearly evident that a bad investment had been made when stock had been taken in the Confederacy. It was apparent that defeat, utter and complete, would sooner or later befall those who followed the stars and bars, and the Confederate people of the county prepared to become resigned to the inevitable, and wait for the end.

And the end came. On the 9th of April, 1865, four years, lacking three days, from the capture of Fort Sumter by the Confederates, Lee's army of Virginia surrendered to Gen. Grant. Gen. Johnston's army, a few days thereafter, surrendered to Gen. Sherman. May 13, Kirby Smith's trans-Mississippi army gave up to Canby. Very soon thereafter the county began to fill up with returned Confederates, glad to get home -under almost any circumstances. Sometimes they were arrested by the militia, but oftener not. Col. Jackson's command laid down their arms and surrendered to Col. Denny, at Glasgow, May 19. The colonel was paroled and allowed to retain his arms by the military, but was soon after arrested by the civil authorities. Other men among the Confederates were confined, accused of being guerrillas, and others were killed by the militia, in this part of Missouri. Occasionally rencounters of a personal nature took place between the militia and the returned Confederates, but nothing very serious occurred. Citizens who had remained at home had their grievances against the militia, and now that they believed they had backing among the returned ex-Confederates, they sought redress. On the other hand, the militia claimed to recognize among some of the returned men of Shelby's and other commands, bushwhackers, who had done something to them, or to some friends of theirs during the war. The bad blood engendered during the war had not yet become purified.

There was not a perfect condition of safety for life or property for some months. Quite frequently there were cases of robbery. Bands of men, in blue clothing, often paid nocturnal visits to citizens reputed to have money, and obtained their store of cash by threats of instant death, in case of refusal to disgorge. The militia claimed that these robbers were returned Confederates, in blue clothing; the Confederates charged that the depredators were the militia themselves. Sometimes this sort of land piracy was carried on by men in citizens' apparel. Many detailed

Minor Fights And Skirmishes During The War

Froin the spring of 1862 to the close of the civil war there was more or less fighting, scouting, raiding, killing and all of the incidental horrors accompanying a war between fellow-citizens. The Federals sought to maintain their authority in the county, and generally succeeded. In addition to the Missouri state militia (the " M. S. M,") armed and equipped by and under the pay of the United States, there were the enrolled Missouri militia (the " E. M. M."), and the provisional militia, ready to be and often called out and put in service. Of these latter the companies of Captains G. S. and A. Burnsides, Corum, Bingham, and Elsea did the most service of any of the troops from this county. Companies of these were almost always in the county. To give a detail of all of the affrays that occurred would require a volume quite the size of this. Only the leading incidents can be given.

The guerrilla organizations of Quantrell, Todd, Blunt, Yager, Anderson, Poole, and others entered and passed through different parts of the county at times, occasionally " getting in their work," as they expressed it. There were also the companies of partisan rangers commanded by officers regularly commissioned by the Confederate authorities who were scattered about the country, in this county, in Cooper, in Howard, in Lafayette. Some of these latter were guerrillas in practice, but the Federals considered all of them so, both in theory and practice. Some, by no means all, of the encounters between these bands and the Federal militia are. here noted.

On the 30th day of July, 1863, a fight occurred in the western part of the county, between Capt. Cannon, with a co mpany of the 4th regiment, M. S. M. - a detachment of which under Major Kelly was then stationed in Marshall - and a band of guerrillas, supposed by the Federals to be Quantrell's band, but generally believed to have been Capt. Blunt's company. Capt. Cannon lost two men, killed in this fight, and was repulsed, and the guerrillas moved on rapidly to the west. The guerrillas halted at noon on a farm on the south road, and after they had started in the afternoon, they suddenly, in the prairie, came upon Major Smith (paymaster) with an escort of the 1st regiment Missouri cavalry from Lexington. The escort were feeding their horses when the guerrillas came upon them, and fled incontinently on foot to the brush not far off, on the first iire from the guerrillas, leaving Smith and his clerk. As soon as the guerrillas fired, the clerk, (name not known), jumped into the ambulance and threw the smaU iron safe into the high grass and weeds bordering the road- The safe contained $250,000 in greenbacks. The guerrillas rode all around and over the place, but, somehow, failed to find the little safe hidden away in the high grass. Major Smith sat in the house near by, undisturbed. The guerrillas took the clerk's watch and pocketbook, and then rode off west. Major Smith then sent a courier to Major Kelly in Marshall, who sent out a company and brought him in, greenbacks, clerk and all, safe.

Soon after this affair, two young men. Grove, a nephew of Colonel Wm. A. Wilson, and Gilliam, a son of A. W. Gilliam, Sr., of the northeastern part of the county, were captured on the Miami road by a scouting party of Federal soldiers from Marshall. Major Kelly, then in command of the post, says they were taken straggling in the rear of a band of Quantrell's guerrillas, whom they had recently joined. The relatives of these unfortunate men contend that they had not joined any guerrilla band, and did not intend to, but were making their way to the Confederate arm}'. On the night of the 29th of July, about midnight, a party of soldiers in Marshall, without the knowledge of their officers, took Grove and Gilliam from the guard, with or without the connivance of the guard, dragged them into the woods north of town, and there hung them. The bodies of these two ill-fated men were found the next morning, quite dead, and buried by the citizens.

Fight At Abkow Rock

About the 19th of July, 1864, Lieutenant D. P. Woodruff, with twentyfive men of the First Cavalry, M. S. M., while stationed at Arrow Rock, was attacked by a force of guerrillas about one hundred strong, commanded by Captain Yager, of Quantrell's men. The Federals took position in a brick building, which they had occupied as quarters. The guerrillas, after making a bold and dashing attempt to dislodge them without success, set fire to some buildings in the block of which' the stronghold of the Federals was a part. A retreat was therefore the only alternative of the Federals, and this they accomplished, under the cover of darkness, without the loss of a man, but they were forced to leave behind them their horses. The attack was made at nightfall. The guerrillas had some of their men wounded, including Captain Yager. Yager was taken to a bushwhachers camp near Mr. Gilliam's, in Cambridge township, where he was cared for by a Miss Flannery living near. The young lady visited the wounded guerrilla daily and ministered to his wants as best she could. Afterwards the owner of the cornfield, Mr. Gilliam himself, was arrested by the Federals for having cared for Yager, and it was about to go hard with him, when Miss Flannery, learning the situation, herself rode into Marshall, admitted to the Federal commandant that she, and only she, was the one that had nursed the outlaw, and thus obtained the release and doubtless, saved the life of her neighbor, Mr. Gilliam. She was kept a prisoner by the Federals for some weeks, but finally released. The militia had only one man slightly wounded.

Fight On The Blackwater

On the evening of the 25th of September, 1864-, Maj. MuUins, with 125 men of the 1st cavalry M. S. M., attacked Col. W. S. Jackson's partisan rangers and Woodson's guerrillas on the Blackwater, numbering probably 75 men. The Federals gained an easy victory, for the Confederates were taken by surprise, and they were very imperfectly armed. The latter fled and "scattered," all getting together in a few days. A few were slightly wounded on each side; none were killed.

Fight At N. J. Smith'S

In November, 1864, sixteen bushwhackers called at the residence of Mr. N. J. Smith, near Fairville, and took possession of his blacksmith shop for the purpose of shoeing their horses. While all of them were in the shop, and busy at work, a detail of Federal cavalry came in the lot on one side, and a company of infantry was to come in on the other side of the shop, all belonging to Gen. A. J. Smith's army returning from the pursuit of Price. It was raining, and the infantry were too slow for the cavalry, or the cavalry were too fast for the infantry, and by a rush, shooting as they went, the bushwhackers escaped without losing a man, or having a man wounded. The Federals, in their rage at the escape of the guerrillas, wanted to burn Smith's residence, and would have done so had it not been for the man who piloted them over to where the guerrillas were, who told them that he knew Mr. Smith to be a Union man.

In the early spring of 1865, four guerrillas, Harris, Potter, and the Wilhite brothers, hitched their horses in the timber, near the house of Baltimore Thomas, on the Marshall and Lexington state road, and near the Saline and Lafayette county lines, and proceeded to Mr. Thomas' for something to eat, or for some other purpose. While in the house they were charged on by a Federal company. In attempting to escape over the garden picket fence, three of them were wounded, but all succeeded in making their escape. One of these, Harris, was killed by the falling of a house in which he was concealed. Shortly after. Potter was captured at the same house, and taken to Marshall and shot, while almost dead from his wounds. The other two, though one was badly wounded, succeeded in getting safe away.

the two negroes who reported on himself and comrades, and came so near having them all captured. He went to the house of Baltimore Thomas, after the war was over, and killed an old and harmless negro, known as "Uncle Ben," and wounded another, named Harry, who still survives, lamed for life. But the negroes who actually reported on them went away with the Federal troops. After shooting the negroes, Wilhite went direct to Lexington and surrendered.

Killings, Murders, And Military Executions Of The Civil War

A few instances, the more important cases, and those best known, of the homicides perpetrated in this county during the civil war (outside of those occurring in regular engagements), are here narrated. It is sincerely hoped that their publication will not arouse passions or prejudices long since buried, but will serve to teach generations, present and to come, to what civil war leads.

It is true that for every act of murder perpetrated by either side, there are apologists; it is also true, that for every one of such acts there was absolutely no excuse at the time, and no reason for attempting their defense now. The guerrilla, or the bushwhacker, as well as the militiaman, who took advantage of a fellow man to slay him in a cowardly manner, and in cold blood, was a villain in war times, and is a villain still, and as such should forever receive the execration of all good citizens and brave men. The men who murdered and killed without cause during the war did not do so because they were Federals, or because they were Confederates, but because they were black-hearted scoundrels by nature and inclination. They are alike despised by the good soldiers who fought bravely and honorably on both sides, and by the good citizens who suffered so much at their hands.

A few of these wretches still live in the county. They may complain of this portion of the history; but they must remember that they made it in the first place - they or their associates, and let him upon whose skirts no innocent blood is, be not troubled. It was at first contemplated to omit this chapter entirely, but the best citizens are of the opinion that a good purpose will be served by its publication in part.

Walker By The Confederates

During the summer of 1862, the killing of Judge Robt. G. Smart occurred near Miami, which is memorable not only because of the high position of the gentleman himself, but as being the first of those terrible murders of individual citizens, which afterward became so fearfully frequent and so sadly familiar. Judge Smart was a citizen of Jackson county, when the war broke out, and being southern born, he naturally sympathized with the southern people; but he was always very conservative in his conversation, and had committed no overt act. In 1861, he resigned his ofKce (judge of the circuit court), rather than take the oath, which he considered he had already taken; and lived a quiet, peaceable life in Jackson county, until the winter of 1861-2, when affairs became so disturbed in that county, from the frequent raiding of Kansas jayhawkers, that he removed to Saline county and settled near Miami, with his family. Here he remained quiet and inofiensive, associating with the citizens of the town and vicinity, and also with the Federal soldiers, and was respected by them all. In 1861, before Judge Smart removed to Saline, Messrs. Walker and Ricehouse, two citizens of Miami, joined the Confederates, and remained, in the army about four months, when they returned home and announced a change of heart and sentiment. In order to prove their loyalty, they went over to Booneville and reported to a company of Federal soldiers, that Judge Smart was harboring " bushwhackers." This was wholly false; but the Federals did not know it, and the company came that same night, arriving about sunrise, July 20, 1862. As Judge Smart saw them coming in his front gate, he ran out of the back way. The Federals immediately started in pursuit, when seeing he could not escape, he threw up his hands three times, calling out, "I surrender!" He was answered by a volley from the pursuers; three balls entered his body, killing him almost instantly. He was buried by the citizens who sorrowed much for his untimely end. No one else was disturbed by the soldiers, who were strangers in the state. They stopped for breakfast about two miles from town, at a farmer's house, where they told of the report by Walker and Ricehouse. They were soon convinced that the report was untrue, and expressed great regret that the mistake had been made, and that they had come at all.

About the same that Judge Smart came to Miami, John Dickey, .of Jackson county, also came, and located within a few miles of the Judge. He spent most of his time fox-hunting, sometimes with the citizens, sometimes with the militia, and sometimes with both. He and Judge Smart were warm personal friends, though, while here, ''they held but little intercourse with each other. In March, 1863, Dickey suddenly disappeared; but in a short time was again on hands, and with him Capt.

Blunt's company of guerrillas, of which company Dickey was lieutenant. They entered Miami in the forenoon, went straight for Walker and Ricehouse, arrested them, and carried them away as prisoners. About twelve miles east of Miami they ate dinner, captured and captors, both apparently in the highest good humor. The farmer at whose house they dined, says he had no suspicion that any of them were prisoners, and thought that he was feeding Federal soldiers, as Walker and Ricehouse were along. On the way they arrested a farmer, to guide them through the timber. Going about two miles northwest, to Edmondson creek, they halted in the timber, tied ropes around the necks of Walker and Ricehouse, and to limbs of trees above them, as they sat upon their horses, and then drove the horses from under them. They then made the dangling bodies targets for revolver practice, shooting them full of holes. The first intimation of the fate before them was the tying of the ropes around their necks, and all their prayers and supplications were utterly unheeded. After shooting them until they were certainly dead, the guerrillas told their guide he could go, as they had nothing special against him, and he went! The guerrillas then took down the bodies of Walker and Ricehouse, and buried them. Since the war their skeletons were found, conveyed to Miami, and buried by the citizens. Dickey was killed a few months afterward, near the Saline and Lafayette county lines, he killing and badly wounding four men before he fell dead.

Killing Of Capt. Ed. Brown

KILLING OF CAPT. ED. BROWN. Early in the spring of 1862, Capt. Ed. Brown, who raised the first Saline county company that participated in the battle of Wilson's creek, was kiUed by a portion of the Saline militia from Marshall. Capt. Brown's company had surrendered in the previous December at the Blackwater capture. He had never joined the regular Confederate army - but had joined Robinson's command, which were all captured at Blackwater. He returned home and had been concealing himself, to avoid taking the prescribed oath - which however, he had at last done, and then staid quietly at home thinking himself safe. He lived one mile and a quarter from Fairville, and was a brother of Robert L. Brown, of Fairville. The killing was effected by two militia-men to whom it had been reported that Brown had been harboring and aiding guerrillas. They rode up to Brown's residence and asked him to show them a road which ran through soipe fields. He went with them, and when he had reached the bottom of a large hollow a short distance north of his house, they shot him as he was in the act of opening a gate for them. Then they returned by a circuitous route to their company at Marshall.

Murder Of James Boyer

In the spring of 1865i, James Boyer, then chairman of the board of trustees, of Arrow Rock, met his death at the Main street wharf, in that town, at the hands of one William Chase, a militiaman, who discharged the contents of one chamber of his pistol into the forehead of the unfortunate Boyer. The report of the pistol was heard by persons in the village, but the only known witnesses of the tragedy were the parties thereto. A negro boy ran up town and reported that a man was killed at the landing. The boy was soon followed by Chase, who deliberately told what he had done, and surrendered, voluntarily, to Captain Bingham, of the state militia. The homicide was taken to Booneville and incarcerated, but never came to trial, as he was forcibly liberated by a company of German militia, stationed at Booneville.

Killing Of Ingram

In 1862, Capt. Winter, in command of a scouting party of M. S. M., from Marshall, took and shot a Mr. Ingram, in the Petite Saw bottom, he having claimed that he shot Capt. Hawk, at the Meadow's Spring fight, a short time before.

Killing Of Bogamire

In the summer of 1852, a Union man named Bogamire was killed by the Confederate guerrillas in the town of Miami. He had been around the place for several months. He was not a soldier, but did not seem to have any particular business. The guerrillas spotted him. They believed him to be a Federal spy. It was claimed that he was seen with a company of Federals en route from Clinton to Lexington. Three days afterward the guerrillas came upon him in the town of Miami. They chased him and killed him on the banks of the river to the left of High street. The citizens buried the body in the old cemetery.

Killing Of Park Woods

KILLING OF PARK WOODS. In 1863, at the house where Mr. J, H. C. Fulton now resides, the militia killed a man named Park Woods. Mr. Woods was attending to the business of Huge McDowell, who then owned the farm. He was a southern man in principle, but had taken no part in the war. The militia demanded admittance into the house, which Woods refused, and they shot him dead.

Execution Of Dr. J. W. Benson

EXECUTION OF DR. J. W. BENSON. In August, 1863, a court martial was held in Marshall on Dr. BeriSon, who had been captured by some of the soldiers. It was charged that he had been with Quantrell, at the burning of Lawrence. This was proved. He did not deny this, but stated that he was there as a surgeon only. However, the evidence was sufficient to convict him, and he was sentenced to be shot. He was taken to the graveyard north of town, and seated on his coffin and facing the file of soldiers he received his death. He died bravely and cheerfully. At his own request he was shot below the face, and died without a struggle.

Major Kelly, of the 4th Missouri state militia, in command at Marshall at the time, says Dr. Benson died bravely, but reluctantly. He had been captured while on his way to Marshall to surrender himself, having been induced to take this step by certain Union men, who had agreed to see to it that he was treated as a prisoner of war. The Federals almost universally regretted his death. He was a young man of many excellent traits of character. The citizens, Union and Confederate, regarded his execution as a horrible affair. Three details had to be made before men could be found who would become his executioners. But *i^^ /- company he had been keeping justified his execution according to the laws of war, in the view of the Federal authorities. At that time Quantrell and his men spared no Federal who fell into their hands, and the law of retaliation was everywhere in force. O, the horrible enormities of that civil war!

Killing Of Rev. Kavanaugh

In 1863, the Rev. Mr. Cavanaugh, formerly from Alabama, and stepfather of Rev. Joe Lewis, presiding elder of St. Louis, was killed on the farm where elder T. W. Hancock now resides, by some Federal soldiers who thought him an active southern man.

Killing Of James E. Elson

KILLING OF JAMES E. ELSON. James E. Elson, of Miami township, was killed by the guerrillas in the fall of 1863. He was a Union soldier, had been captured by the guerrillas, and was under guard in the Petite Saw bottom, near Marshall's mill. Having asked for a drink of water, two of the guards took him to the river, near by, and while he was kneeling down and drinking, one of the guards shot him and rolled him into the river. This statement is as it was given by Capt. A. Burnsides, who said he gave it as made to citizens by one of the guerrillas afterward.

Execution Of Asa Huff

EXECUTION OF ASA HUFF. In 1863, Asa HufF, of Capt. Garrett's company, Shelby's regiment, was left behind his command while it was in this county, on the famous Shelby raid. He remained at and about home in Cambridge township until July, 1864, living a great portion of that time in the brush, in a sort of cav« dug in the ground, in company with a man named Norvell, now a prominent school teacher at Slater. One day HufF was taken sick, and a doctor was called, but that worthy refused to prescribe for the invalid until he had informed the Federals of Huff's whereabouts. The militia went out and paroled him, and as soon as he had recovered from his sickness they took him to Marshall and shot him. His mother went with him to the town and begged the commander, Capt. Houks, to spare her son, and when he refused, asked to be allowed to see him shot I This was also refused. Mrs. HufFis one of the pioneer women of this county.

Killing Of Charles Flannegan

On Sunday evening, August 21, 1864, Mr. Flannegan, living a few miles east of Marshall, a quiet old man, who had taken the oath of lo}'- alty, was arrested, brought to Marshall, and shot by the Federal soldiers, under the following circumstances: A squad of soldiers from Marshall dressed themselves in citizens clothes, and went to Mr. Flannegan's on Saturday night, August 20, 1864, and told him they were bushwhackers, and asked for food, horses, etc., and a place to hide. He told them he was poor, and had nothing to give them but a pair of woolen socks, which they took. He told them where they could hide. They then said to him: "You have taken an oath to report us to Marshall; are you going to do it?" He replied that he would not. They then left him, and returned to town. They said they waited until the middle of the next day for him to report them, and as he did not come, the same squad, or a part of thesame, went out and arrested him, and brought him to Marshall Sunday evening, August 21, 1864. It is not known whether he was given any regular trial, but on Wednesday, August 24, he was taken by a squad of soldiers to the ravine north of town, where Jefferson street now crosses the ravine, and then shot to death. His body was taken charge of by his relatives, and buried.

Seven Federals Shot By Price'S Men

In 1864, Col. Perrie and two other Confederates, employed ahead of Price's army on recruiting service, were shot and killed while asleep in the timber north of Carrollton, Carroll county, Missouri, by a squad of Federal soldiers and Union citizens. Soon afterward, during Price's last raid, Carrollton was suddenly surrounded by rebel soldiers, and four Federal soldiers and three citizens who had been engaged in the killing of Perrie, were captured, brought over the river, and tried by court-martial at Grand Pass church, found guilty, drawn up in line in the ravine east of the Meadows' residence, and shot to death.

Two of the citizens captured were named Trotter and Stanley; the name of the other cannot now be remembered. One of the soldiers tried had on Col. Perrie's boots. Two ladies, Mrs. Mary Meadows and Mrs. A. M. Creel, heard the shooting, and went out to the place of execution. They found them all dead. Dr. G. W. Hereford and Mr. A. M. Creel, of the neighborhood, had them decently buried.

Killing Of Howeeton

KILLING OF HOWEETON. William Howerton, a Union man, who had lived about ten years in the Petite Saw bottom, and was accused of being an informer against southern men - was killed in 1864, during Price's last raid, by Pete Frazier, Bill Duck, H. D. Evans, Sid Martin and Masterton, acc(5rding to his ow.n statement, for he lived eight or ten days after he was shot. It was claimed, too, that he was shot in retaliation for the death of Harris, whom Howerton .had reported to the militia.

On the 24:th of December, 1864, Mr. Allen McReynolds was killed between his house and Grand Pass church. He was a whig in politics - that is, as the term whig was then understood. He did not approve of either abolitionism or secession. On the day mentioned, Capt. R. M. Box, of company F, 7th regiment of state militia, as it was stated, sent two men to Mr. McReynold's house to get dinner, which they did. Soon after they went away, a squad of men belonging to the same regiment, 7th regiment, M. S. M., came to the house, and announcing themselves as bushwhackers, demanded of McReynolds information concerning the Federals. Mr. Creed, who was present, warned McReynolds that they were Federal militia; but he would not believe it, and gave them, it is supposed, all the information he could - and, probably, made statements that, in the eyes of the militiamen, justified them in shooting him. Upon their demand he went out with them to point the directions to certain places. He was last seen alive, pointing, as if giving the direction to Marshall. He was then carried a little further down the road, and there shot to death. Death must have come to him instantaneously, as he was shot three times in the head, and five or six times in other parts of the body. McReynolds was a southern man in his sympathies, and what he said to the militiamen is not known - but, believing them to be friends, it is probable he " gave himself away." He was a peaceable and quiet man - was universally respected by his neighbors, and his death created a great excitement all through the western portion of the county. He was buried in the grain-field of Mr. Baltimore Thomas.

Mr. McReynolds was born and raised in Tennessee, and came to Missouri about the year 1828, and settled at the old homestead, the place where his brother David McReynolds now lives, though the old house is gone. He was about fifty-seven years old when killed.

During the progress of the civil war, the Federal administration decided upon the policy of ordering a universal draft. While the matter was under discussion, a telegram was sent to Gov. Bramlette, of Kentucky, advising him of the step that was about to be taken, and asking him how he thought it would affect his state. To this the governor replied: " Come on with your draft; it won't hurt us. Kentucky's quota is full, on both sides/" The same might have been said of Saline county at one time; her quota was full and running a little over on one side, and almost if not quite, full on the other.

The purpose of this record is to give the names of the soldiers who served in either army in regular organizations. No pretense is made, however, that this list is full, complete, or even accurate. There being no official records obtainable, information has been procured as best it could, and often this has been very imperfectly done. It is believed, however, that not many men have escaped mention who wore either the blue or the gray. The best has been done to make the list full and perfect, but the undertaking is a large and laborious one.

Confederate Soldiers' Record

This company, under Capt. Crews, was out in the M. S. G. six months, when their term of service expired. It was present at and took part in the battles of Booneville, Carthage, Wilson's Creek, Drywood and Lexington. Lost no men in killed, wounded or prisoners. The company was mustered out, November, 1861, near Warsaw, Mo., and most of the men re-enlisted in the C. S. A.

Saline Jackson Guards, M. S. G., May, 1861

After the first battle of Booneville portions of two Saline county companies, the Saline Jackson Guards, under Capt. Lucius J. Gaines, and the other under Capt. Wm. B. Brown, retreated south with Gov. Jac^ on. At Camp Brisco, in St, Clair county, Missouri, they were reorganized into one company, into 1st Cavalry Missouri State Guards, of which Capt. W. B. Bro^n was elected colonel, and C. M. Sutherlin was elected captain of the reorganized company. G. W. Lankford 1st, and Isaac NefF 2d lieutenant. This company was afterwards engaged in the battles of Carthage, Wilson's creek. Ft. Scott, and Lexington. After the capture of Lexington they retreated south with Gen. Price to Pineville, Arkansas. On the 10th of December, 1861, the time of the company having expired, they having only volunteered for six months, most of them returned home.

In February, 1862, about thirty to thifty-five men from Saline county, left their homes with Col. Stump Price and Col. Congreve Jackson, for Price's army, then at Springfield, Mo. Before they reached Springfield, however, Gen. Price had retreated south. They followed to Van Buren, Arkansas, or near there, and were there mustered into Company G, 2d Missouri Cavalry, C. S. A., for the war. Of this company, Capt. George B. Harper, of Booneville, was captain. The names of the Saline county men were - C. M. Sutherlin, 1st lieutenant; L. J. Gaines, afterwards brigade adjutant, killed at the fight at Moscow, Tenn., December 4, 1863. Wm. Putch, J. B. Breathitt, Austin Jones, John Eelbeck, died in 1862, in Mississippi. Henry Romines, died at Memphis in [1862. Godfrey Dumbolt, Bryant Nowlin, Isaiah Garrett, G. W. Gilmore, promoted to 3d lieutenant and wounded at Ft. Pillow. Thos. Sellers, F. R. Durrett, brigade surgeon; P. F . Lamear, wounded at Memphis ; Henry Gilliam, wounded ; C. B. Hill, Wm. Hill, Wm. Norvell, killed in action at Senatobia, Missouri; Jas. Gauldin, Sam'l Copeland, W. R. Garrett, Thos. Napton, Jas. Hopper, J. W. Liggett, A. W. Scripture, G. W. Marcus, W. R. Samuels, Geo. Staples.

This fight at luka, Mississippi, March 22, 1865, was the last shot fired by the command. They surrendered and got their paroles June 15, 1865, at Columbus, Mississippi, and returned to their homes, and have since made as good citizens as they were soldiers. During the war they captured nearly all their ammunition and supplies from the enemy.

W. T. Jones, left sick in St. Louis and supposed to have been released on oath. J. H. Irvine, released on oath, March 14, 1862. H. B. Irvine, released on oath, March 14, 1862. H. O. Lewis, released on oath, March 14, 1862.

Joseph Leddy, company drillmaster, escaped July 26, 1862, C. E. Woodward, escaped July 26, 1862, recaptured and shot August 2, 1862. J. A. Wiley, released on oath, February 27, 1862. L. H. Tucker, released on oath. March 14, 1861. John Ingram, escaped December 19, 1861.

This company was organized in Miami by Captain Ruxton, December 15, 1861, and with other recruits, nearly all from Saline county, under the command of Col. F. S. Robertson, were on their way to join Gen. Parsons' brigade, in Price's army, when the whole was captured by Gen. Jeif.-C. Davis' command on Blackwater, December 19, 1861, and taken to McDowell's College, Gratiot street, St. Louis, and from there removed to Alton penitentiary; and from there released on oath or exchanged in 1862.

COMPANY D, FIRST MISSOURI CAVALRY. - COL. JOSEPH O. SHELBY. - C. S. A. Organized August, 1862, at Grand Pass, Saline count}--, Missouri - Soon after transferred to Marmaduke, and afterwards known as " Marmaduke's Escort." The following were from Saline county:

John B. Clark - 1st lieutenant, afterwards captain, killed Helena, Ark. ; Geo. Kirtley, captain, afterwards major, killed at Hartsville; Dick Stallard, 2nd lieutenant, afterwards captain .

Privates - John Haygood, Wm. Dowden, Jas. Wood, Robt. Carlisle, killed on the plains by Indians ; WiUiam Bulkley, wounded at Hartsville and died at Little Rock; Channing Bulkley, killed at Springfield; A.

C. Lewis, Mat Lewis; Charles Love, killed at Springfield; J. Husto, a Mexican, killed by Indians with Carlyle; Ed. Lewis, Geo.! Mikels, John Rollins, Sam Hays, Joshua Self, Quin Wood, Robt. Barbee, D. Lewis, Charley Lewis; John Lewis, killed at Tipton, 1863; Thos L. Sidin striker, J. Kinney Lewis; Wm. Fitzpatrick, 4th corporal; Robt. Kirtley, Gus Stevenson, Giles Turley; M. C. Sandidge, taken prisoner at battle of Jenkin's Ferry; Robt. Winslow, wounded at Hartsville, and died at Memphis, Alonzo Palmer, Geo. Tinder, Ben Wright; Jno. Beatty, captured; Geo. White, William White, wounded at Prairie Grove; Sam Martin, F. Hocks, L. Corder; Jno. Blackburn, killed at Pine Bluffs; S. Hollen, died in prison; P. M. Walker, died in Arkansas; D. R. Hall, now in Texas; W. Fackler, killed by Indians; Ed Carr; Jim Dysart, wounded at Springfield, 1863; John Harper, Geo. Harper, Jim Hays; Jno. Green, died since; Geo. K. Dorsey, slightly wounded; Mann Webb, P. Simmons,

This company was organized in 1861 in Cooper county, under Captain Titsworth. Most of the men were from Cooper county, but the following were from Saline county; after Titsworth, Edwards became captain:

Privates. - F. B. Haynie, John Gauldin, A. C. Garnett, Jehu Jones, Samuel A. Shaw ; Thomas Ingraham, Charles Gaines, killed at battle of Big Blue; John Jones, J. R. Nickel; Harvey Thomas, killed at battle of Marshall; F. M. McMahan; Asa Huff, captured after fight at Marshall, and shot by militia after being paroled and released; Scott Huff, Wm. Ferguson, David Ferrill, John Steele, H. Hammer, Benj. Nixon; John Garrett, killed at Clarendon; Wm. Ashley, Freeman Cott, Meredith Crosslin, Wm. Crosslin, W. E. Thomson, Alvin Thomson, S. T. Garnett, Alvin Garrett, P. A. Spangler, Milton Davidson, G. W. Lankford, Wm. Quisenberry; Wm. Macaloney, killed by George Baker; Wm. Durrett^ John R. Durrett, Richard Durrett.

MISCELLANEOUS - CONFEDERATES. Robert Smith, enlisted May, 1861, in Marmaduke's company as private, then 2d sergeant, then 2d lieutenant. Was in battles of Booneville, Wilson Creek, Lexington, Pea Ridge, and was with Price. Captured in a skirmish on Blackwater in autumn of 1862, and paroled the winter of

Wm. S. Booker, private; enlisted March, 1861, in Capt. Ed. Brown's company; re-enlisted in the fall of 1S64. In all Price's battles in 1861 and in 1864. Surrendered at Shreveport.

Abraham' Neff, private; enlisted in 1861, in Capt. W. B. Brown's company M. S. G., Parsons' brigade. Battles - first Booneville, Carthage,, and Wilson's Creek.

J. B. Townsend, private; enlisted October 15, 1864, in Capt. Woodson's company; re-enlisted in Capt. Thompson's company. Unarmed add in no battle. Discharged June 20, 1865.

B. B. Brown, enlisted in M. S. G., 1861. Re-enlisted in Elliott's company, Shelby's command. Surrendered 1865. Battles - Booneville, Carthage, Wilson's Creek, Lexington, Westport, etc.

Reese McNeill, private; enlisted under Shelby in 1862. Taken prisoner. Exchanged at Vicksburg October 30, 1862. Rejoined Shelby, and disbanded 1865.

John T. Lewis, private; enlisted in Capt. Crews' company in 1861. . Battles - Lexington and Carthage. Returned home sick in 1861, and soon after died with army fever.

Charles A. Lewis, sergeant; enlisted in Shelby's command August, 1862, and transferred to Marmaduke's body-guard in September, 1862. Battles - Newtonia, Springfield, Cape Girardeau, Pine Bluff, Saline River, Poison Spring, Lexington, and Westport. Surrendered at Shreveport June 25, 1865. See roll.

1861. Battles - Lexington, Wilson's Creek, and Pea Ridge. Re-enlisted C. S. A. under Price. On furlough in 1863, was taken prisoner. Went to Colorado in 1864 for health, after released.

Robert Land, private; enlisted in M. S. G., in 3861, in Capt. W. B, Brown's company. Re-enlisted in Co. H, Col. Slay back's regiment, Shelby's division, November, 1864. Battles - Booneville, Lexington. Little Blue, Westport, etc. Surrendered at Shreveport, 1865.

Dick Hutchinson, 2d sergeant; enlisted in company H, 1st brigade, Missouri infantry, October, 1862. Batdes - Gaines Landing, Marshfield and others. Discharged, June, 1864.

Dave McGaw, private; enlisted October, 1862, in company H, 1st brigade, Missouri infantry. Battles - Gaines Landing, Marshfield, etc. Discharged, June, 1864.

Price McGrew, 3d sergeant; enlisted, October, 1862, in company H. 9th regiment, Missouri infantry, 1st brigade. Battles - Gaines Landing, Marshfield, etc. Discharged, June 9, 1864.

John H. Grayson, corporal ; enlisted in Stallard's Marmaduke's escort, 1864 (see roll). Was in all the battles of Price's last raid, and died at Pine Bluff, Arkansas, just before the surrender.

Robert Frazer, private; enlisted in M. S. G., in 1861, and then in Elliott's battalion, Slayback's regiment, Shelby's command. Surrendered in 1865. Battles - Wilson's Creek, Dry Wood, Lexington, Springfield, Saline River, etc.

John Minor, private ; enlisted in 1864, in company H, Slayback's regiment, Shelby's division. In all the battles of Price's last raid. Surrendered in 1865.

John D. White, private; enlisted in 1862 in Shelby's command. Battles, - Prairie Grove, Hartsville, Cane Hill, Helena, Marshall, etc., wounded through both hips at Marshall, and continued prisoner to close of war.

Morris Edwards, enlisted in Captain White's company. Colonel Emmet McDonald's regiment, Shelby's command in 1862. In 1863 joined U. S. A. at Fort Smith, Ark.

- Joseph M. McReynolds, private; enlisted in August, 1862, in Co. B, Gordon's regiment, Shelby's command. Battles - Newtonia, Springfield, Hartville, Cape Girardeau, Marshall, etc. Taken prisoner near Marshall 1863. In prison four months.

Joshua Self, private; enlisted in 1861. Surrendered in 1865. In Marmaduke's escort, in all battles in Missouri, Arkansas, and on Price's last raid. See biography.

Ewell Berlin, private; enlisted in 1861, in M. S. G., in 1862 in old Stonewall brigade. Went home in 1864, and thence to Ohio. Battles - Winchester, Newton, New Market, Manasses, Harper's Ferry, etc.

Thomas DeMoss, private; enlisted in 1861 under Colonel Gordon, in Shelby's command, in 1862 re-enlisted in General Joe E. Johnson's Tennessee army, under Forrest. In the battles of the state guard, under Price, and in nearly all of Forrest's battles east of the river. Surrendered and returned home in 1865, and died of consumption in 1867*.

James S. Richardson, - private ; enlisted in 1861, under Gen. Frost, in M. S. G. Battles - Booneville, Dry Wood, Lexington, Pea Ridge, Prairie Grove, Milliken's Bend, etc. Surrendered in 1865.

William Lemen, private; enlisted in Capt. Shindler's company, Shelby's command, 1861. In 1864, was drafted by Shelby, and was in the long fight from Lexington to Newtonia, Price's raid.

David Lemen, private; enlisted in Shindler's company, Lewis' regiment, Shelby's command, in 1861. Drafted in 1864. Taken prisoner near Fort Scott. Released on oath, 1865.