Saline County, Missouri - The whole text, 1881 (part 12 of 28)

The first school was taught near where the M. E. church now stands, by Edward Marsh. He had about fifteen scholars at about one dollar per month. The .first school house was built on section 9, about 1846. Its cost was perhaps fifty dollars.

Mrs. Nancy James was renowned in early times as a weaver of cloth. She also attained great fame and notoriety as a weaver of figured coverlets, and other ornamental work.

The nearest grist mill was James Browne's, on Salt Fork, south of Malta bend. The nearest supply points, in the order of distance, were Webb's landing, Marshall, and Dover.

Mrs. Louisa S. Major

First birth of male child was Col. John H. Lewis, April 1, 1831. His parents were Col. John and Mary J. Lewis. The first female born was Rachel Lewis, daughter of Wm. H. and Elizabeth Lewis. The first death was James Lewis, son of Gen. G. W. Lewis, in 1830. He was buried in the field south of the blacksmith shop, between Grand Pass church and Malta Bend. First religious services were held at Col. John Miller's, in 1831. Mrs. Louisa S. Major was the first school teacher. She bad eleven scholars, and taught for twenty-two dollars per month.

Other Items Of Early History

Concerning other details of the early history of this township, it may be stated that among the first marriages were those of John McReynolds and Miss Lucinda Meadows, in 1841 ; Wm. Brown to his cousin, about 1830; Chas. L. Carthrae and Julia H. R. Brown; Mr. P. Webb and Miss Jane Harvey, about 1838; George C. Fletcher and Miss Mary A. Hall.

Births were James Meadows, in 1840; Tyree Carthrae, in 1840; Hubert and Granville Harvey, twins, in 1837; Wm. H. Deckard, in 1830, and Mary Meadows, in 1840, and Kate Virginia Carthrae, in 1842.

Deaths were Mary McReynolds, accidentally burned to death, about '1835; Preston Vivian, in 1840, and Mrs. Eliza Lewis, wife of Col. Wm. Lewis, in 1830.

Drs. Hamilton, McGill, Rucker, and Toles were early physicians. Revs. Williams, Benj. Johnson, Weedin, and Jamison were the first ministers. Pioneer school teachers were Miss Louisa Lewis, Mr. Minor, and Clifton Wood. The first postofiice in that part of the county was on the farm

The Very Earliest Settlers

The following were the names of some of the first settlers in the western part of the county: Anthony Thomas, from Kentucky, came to Saline in 1818; John D. Thomas, from same, in 1818; Notley Thomas, same, in 1818; Elisha Evans, from Kentucky, in 1819; Andrew Russell, same, 1819; John Lincoln, a brother of President Lincoln, from Kentucky, in 1819; John Baxter, in 1819 Wm. White, from Tennessee, in 1819; L. B. Estes, Kentucky, 1819, and many others whose records have been lost. John Lincoln was a blacksmith in the county, and continued that kind of work until 1829. He then went to Clay county, where he married a Miss Duncan. An uneducated man, tall, angular, rough and uncouth. The first marriage among these settlers was James Heal to Miss Sallie Estes, in 1820, near where Sandy White now lives. The first child born was Rebecca Thomas (now Palmer) to Notley and Lucy C. Thomas. That of Anthony Thomas was the first death, occurring in 1825, who was buried at the Thomas graveyard, just north of where Baltimore Thomas' house now stands. The first regular physician was Dr. P. G. Buck, who .settled on or very near the line between Saline and Lafayette counties. The first school house built in the western part of the county was built in 1820, in the neighborhood of Grand Pass, was made with logs, daubed with mud, with an earthen floor.

By Mrs. Rebecca Lewis

The following historical sketch relative to the settlement of Grand Pass township and other parts of the county, by Mrs. R!ebecca Lewis, is given, not alone for the interesting information contained, but to show the remarkable mental ^powers of the gifted authoress-pioneer, now living, at the age of nearly seventy. The Lewis family is one of the best in the country, and one of the most prominent in the history of the county; and the writer of this sketch is one of its most creditable representatives:

About the middle of the day, late in October, 1830, a company of emigrants halted on the bank of the Missouri river, opposite Arrow Rock. The cavalcade consisted of two carriages and three large Virginia wagons, heavily loaded with household stuff and family servants. It is my opinion that nothing on sea or land now exists bearing any resemblance to an old Virginia emigrant farm-wagon. It is a matter of some interest to the present generation, to have, in their mental picture gallery, some idea of the obsolete object, so I will attempt a " charcoal sketch." Mounted on massive wheels, a huge, curved, galley-shaped wagon-body, conspicuous.

for its white, tent-like cover, it was drawn slowly along by four strong horses. The prow of this land-ship turned up much too high to accornmodate a driver. The apparent inconvenience was supplied by a driver mounted on the near horse of the wheel-team, who, partly by word of command and partly by a single line, attached to the bit of the near horse of the leaders, guided and controlled the trained animals, and cared for the safety of the land-ship. The harness, by which the horses were attached to this antiquated vehicle, was a marvel of strength and ingenuity, if not of beauty. The extraordinary width of bands and straps, the massive buckles and ample chains, were evidence of the "internal resources " of old Virginia, at least, in the way of " raw material." If the spirited horses cared for " personal appearance," they must have felt subdued and dejected under the infliction of such big collars, and shut off from the world by the huge flaps of leather, which compelled them to look straight ahead. I have already observed that the wagons were heavily loaded, but I am not prepared to explain how the freight was put in, and when once in, how it could possibly be unloaded. They did anmage to climb down some way; for I have kept them waiting solongon the bank of the river, that quite a crowd of " colored persons " and their children are sauntering about or tumbling on the ground in the autumn sunshine.

But the ferryman has heard the signal of the waiting emigrants and is answering it by unmooring the flat-boat, and rowing across to meet them. Carriages and wagons were put in motion, and after some delay, owing to the small boat, which necessitated a number of trips, the three families were conveyed safely over the Big Muddy, and the ancestors of the Lewis family, of Grand Pass, stood on Saline soil, eleven souls in aU. The "American citizens of African descent" numbered eighteen.

The day was drawing to a close. It was necessary to find some convenient spot for camping. An easy drive enabled them to reach Rock creek before night closed in. Water and wood were here abundant, but no signs of the habitation of man could be seen. The active preparations for supper and lodging were hurried by the strong motive power of hunger. Cheerfulness was stimulated by release from the restraints of travel, and was manifested in the busy hum of preparation, in social chat, and in the shouts of merry children. Tents were quickly stretched, fires cracked, and the singing kettle announced the time for setting the tables. The hind-gate of the big wagon served for a table, around which gathered, in due time, strong men, hopeful women, and happy little children. The music of the flute and violin closed the evening of pleasant memories. The dawn of the last day of travel for the Shenandoah emigrants, roused them to renewed activity, and the camp was soon broken, and travel renewed. The second night found them a shelter under the hospitable roof of Mr. John Miller, who kept at that time a house of entertainment for travelers at the junction of the state road with the Chariton. The next day they were joyfully welcomed by their pioneer brother, Col. Wm. Lewis, to his home on the farm now known as the Godsmon farm, which is situated near the present town of Marshall. Col. Lewis was a widower with a family of small children, and the opportune arrival of such near friends, was a comfort in his bereavement, and brightened his recently clouded home.

In the enjoyment of the generous hospitality of Col. Wm. Lewis, our emigrants let the lovely autum slip away ; day after day found them in the saddle riding over the wonderful country, and discovering new features of beauty, and adaptability to man's wants and happiness. Selection of a home where there existed so wide a range for choice, became a difficult matter. And the difficulty was increased by the divided attention between business and pleasure. Too often the close scrutiny and clear discrimination required of the land buyer, were sijperseded by the distracting sight of a herd of deer, and the day set apart for decisive action was consumed in the excitement of the chase. Week after week thus spent, passed with venison plenty, but homes distant. Gen. Washington Lewis was the first to fix on a location for a home, and after the necessary delay of building a log room for his family, and a shed-room adjoining for his servants, he moved to Grand Pass.

The two remaining families continued to occupy the single room in the same yard with the one occupied by the family of their hospitable kinsman.

Some time in November, Rev. Justinian Williams preached the funeral sermon of the late Mrs. Col. Wm. Lewis, from the text, " What is man, that Thou art mindful of him." Mr. Williams belonged to the Methdist conference, but having no appointment for that immediate neighborhood, the congregation were invited to meet at the residence of Col. Wm. Lewis. There was a good attendance of the settlers; Mr. Cornelius Davis and family, Mr. Sam Miller, Sr., and family, and Mr. Daniel Keiser and family, were among the congregation ; the beauty of the settlement was also present. The assembly was so unusually large that the minister in his closing remarks congratulated himself on having met "many from the north and the south, from the east and from the west."

The winter of 1830 was remarkable for its severity. All of that long and dreary season the snow lay on the ground like a shroud. The north wind howled around the settlers' little cabins like some demoniac seeking to force an entrance. The snow-drifts destroyed the natural land-marks, and made transportation and intercourse between the settlements wellnigh impossible. Storms were frequent, and after each recurrence a full corps of servants was necessary to clear the clap-board ceiling of its deposit of drifted snow. Snow crept in under the door; snow whirled by the four-paned window; sweeping snow took the place of spinningwheel and loom. After all, snow had its uses, too. Melted snow supplied the place of the lacking well and cistern for every household purpose. Even the soiled clothing of the family was washed in snow-water. "Wash-day was a day of unusal bustle. The servants divided among them the duties of melting snow, cooking, and washing, and, as each piece was ready for the clothes line, it was passed into the house, and the owner dried it by the fire. In her turn, each housekeeper used the irons, quickly heated before the roaring fire, for smoothing and folding her family wardrobe. '

Theirs was a peace-loving and social community, else in such close quarters, where conflicting interests must have sometimes hit elbows if they did not come into actual collision. Four Missouri bedsteads, made by fitting a corner post into the puncheon floor, and inserting the others into auger holes bored in the log walls, then using the useful clap-board for slats, stood in as many corners, left only room sufficient to place three chairs before the fire, yet no family discord marred their happiness then, nor cast its long shadows into the distant future.

In January, death visited the discouraged family. Gen. Washington Lewis lost his three-year-old boy by membranous croup. Grandma Peggy and her single daughter, Louisa, were sent for to assist and comfort the sorrowing parents. How they crossed the trackless, uninhabited prairie, which stretched in awful, monotonous sameness beneath the equally gloomy sky, there is no ready witness. The storm, which immediately destroyed the trace of their journey, rendered the interment an impossibilitv for several days. Unconscious of the bitter cold, and the drifting snow, and the furious wind, the little sleeper lay under the mother's burning eye in undisturbed repose. When the storm had a little abated, they dug his grave near his play-ground, and left the angels to watch his dust.

Very lately the immense power of steam was required to open a way through the snow over the same route that the adventurous women were compelled to pursue on their return from Grand Pass. Col. Wm. Lewis had gathered his cattle together from their late grazing ground in the Salt Fork bottom, where they had lived without his supplying them with food till the snow covered the herbage on which they had fed. That at this juncture the herd was ready to be driven home into winter quarters was either a wise plan or a benevolent interposition, for the trail of so many animals made a way through the snow over which it was possible to drag a vehicle. As the day wore away, and the women grew fainthearted at witnessing the unremitting toil of their slow progress. Col. Lewis often stopped by the side of the carry-all to assure them that "there was no cause for despondency, for if the carriage could not be driven through they could ride home on horseback." Col. Wm. Lewis was never known to give way to discouragement. It is easy to imagine the satisfaction of Grandma Peggy and her daughter when the journey was over, and they each occupied one of the three chairs before the roaring wood fire in their own room.

One other incident which occurred in this famous month of January seems worth recording. Col. John M. Lewis had begun to prepare his home on his Grand Pass land. In attempting to haul corn to feed his horses one wagon was driven into a ravine, and it became necessary to leave them until the next day. On returning with the teams only one wagon could be found. The other was lost until spring.

In February, Col. John M. Lewis moved into a cabin on Salt Fork, where he remained until the close of winter. Dr. Penn, of Arrow Rock, Was the family physician during this eventful winter.

Spring came at last, and with it came high water, that again made traveling unpleasant; often dangerous. But who ever heard, of a man in love yielding to difficulties, especially Col. Wm. Lewis, who was never known to be discouraged? It was embarrassing to be without the means of crossing Salt Fork, when it was out of its channel, but he had a friend in Gus, who cared no more for water than a duck, and ventured over the swollen stream with Master William's love-letter to the lady on the opposite side, pinned to his kinky head. And still in full sympathy with Master William's difficulties, Gus swam his horse yet once more and carried the valise, containing his master's wedding suit, on his saddle before him, and assisted in making a toilet suitable for the important occasion.

The wedding occasioned some changes in business arrangements all around. Col. J. M. Lewis moved into the house just vacated by Mrs. Miller, now Mrs. Lewis, and Col. Wm. Lewis and his lady took possession of the cabin on the creek, which belonged tb her in her own right, and Mr. William H. Lewis rented Col. William's farm. The family carriage which had served Wm. H. Lewis's family for the journey at this important crisis, was sold to a man living near Jonesborough, the county seat of Saline, and tradition affirms that it often served for juries to lay their heads together, in order to decide cases of law.

During the civil war it was in this township where the army of Gen. Price halted for some days, during the invasion of Missouri, in the fall of 1864. The headquarters were neaf Kaiser's bridge, but the carrtps were up and down Salt Fork for some miles. Here was where " Old Pap " held his levees and was visited by hundreds of citizens, male and female, who admired him and loved his cause. Here, also, he received and put into organization hundreds of recruits, who availed themselves of his presence to escape from the hateful domination of the Federals and enroll themselves under the banner of the stars and bars, which was des-

The township furnished its quota of men on either side during the struggle, all of whom it is believed were creditable representatives of its bravery and devotion to principle.

Bill Anderson's and Quantrell's guerrillas frequently passed down and up the banks of the river, seaching for a crossing place, aad on other business.

Since the close of the war and all its horrors, and the passing away of the reconstruction period, with all its bitterness, the people of the township have settled down to the calm pursuits of peace, the development of the fine, fertile country, and the bettering of their own condition and that of their fellow men. Numbers of northern men live in the township, and all, democrats and republican, northerners and southerners, dwell together like " brethren in unity."

Natural Features The Grand Pass

The Grand Pass which gives its name to the lake near by, and to the township, and to the church at the pass, is a narrow pass of high bluff land from one hundred to five hundred yards wide, between the waters of Salt Fork on the one side, and the lakes in the river bottom on the other. In the early settlement of the county the great thoroughfare of emigration and traders to Santa Fe ran through the pass, and the name of Grand Pass was given to it by them.

The old emigrant and trading road ran south of the present road - but there are several points at which a stout boy could stand in the center and throw a stone over the bluff on the one hand, or into the waters of Salt Fork on the other.

In the early trading times, 1835, a hotel was built and kept on the pass by the Early brothers,'john and William,. who were cousins to Rev. John Early, a noted Methodist bishop, of Kentucky. The Earlys sold out to Mr. George Francisco, who kept the hotel for some years, when it burned down. The first postofEce was kept at the house of Captain John De Moss, by himself. The east mail came once a week from Old Jefferson, now New Frankfort, and the west from Dover. In some mounds near the Pass have been found human skulls and other bones, and polished stone axes, and other instruments.

The Lakes

The Grand Pass and Davis' Lakes are two lakes in the river bottom, north of the plains - the one about three miles in length and three-quarters of a mile in width in the early times, and called Grand Pass lake from its proximity to the pass; the other several miles long and one-half mile wide, and named after Mr. George Davis, one of the earliest settlers, who lived directly on the bluff above the lake.

These lakes are supposed to have been formed originally by an overflow of the river, and they are now undoubtedly fed by under-currents from the river. They have both diminished in size and depth since those early times. Muskrat and fish used to abound in these lakes, but of late years both have greatly diminished in quality and quantity. The Indians called these lakes by a common name, Minnehaha, meaning "laughing water," identical with the name of the famed fall in Minnesota. How the same word means the same thing, although in two different Indian dialecs, is not for this history to explain.

Petitsaw Plains

This magnificent body of level table land on the second bluff from the river is entirely within Grand Pass township. The soil is an almost fathomless loam, as rich and productive as anv equal body of land in the world. The name comes down from a very early date, and is said to have been derived from a small tribe of Indians called* Petitsaw, or " Little Tribe," Indians. The large trees that may now be seen on these plains were planted by the early settlers.

The plains extend from Salt Fork and Muddy creeks on the east to the narrow pass between Grand Pass lake and Salt Fork on the west, and from Salt Fork on the south to the bluffs which jut over the bottom on the north - about six to seven miles from east to west, and varying from onehalf mile to five miles from north to south. The land of the plains is about forty feet above the level of the bottom, and about fifty feet above the ordinary level of the river.

The first orchard planted in Grand Pass township, if not in the county, was on the farm of Mr. George Davis, immediately on the lake bluff north of where the town of Malta Bend now stands - some trees of which orchard may yet be seen - or could be a few years ago.

Killing Of Carroll

In 1848, a man named Carroll was killed at the house H. J. Renick in the bottom, under the following rather mysterious circumstances: CarroU and a man named Hoke, were passing Renick's house. Carroll asked Hoke to wait until he went into the house, which he did. In a moment or so after Carroll entered the house, Hoke heard the report of a gun, and in a short time Renick appeared at the door, into which Hoke could not see, bearing Carroll, who was shot in the shoulder, the ball ranging downwards. Mrs. Aurelia Renick claimed that she had shot Carroll from the top of a ladder, and that she did it because of improper advances he was making to her. The preliminary trial was held at the house of the nearest magistrate. Gen. G. W. Lewis - the attorneys being John W. Bryant, Esq., and M. W. Obannon, Esq., defending, and the state's attorney, Kelley, prosecuting - and Mrs. Renick was discharged. Her husband was also arrested, and afterward tried in Marshall, with the s^me attorneys, and with the same result - acquittal. The real circumstances of the case, if they were really different from what are here given, have never come to light.

A Happy Time

Soon after the death of Mr. George Davis, in the year 1844, there was a sale of his personal property, and a large number of citizens round about, attended the sale. The weather was very cold, the snow about one foot deep, and the people made log fires in the yard. They took pots of cider and thawed it over these fires. A man named Landell secretly put about one quart of brandy in each pot of cider. The result was the whole unsuspicious crowd were soon gloriously drunk, ministers of the gospel among them.

At the organization, in 1832, of the Grand Pass chapel, certainly the oldest Methodist church in the county, there were present William and John P. DeMoss, Mrs. Joe McReynolds and daughter Lizzie, Capt. John V. Webb and wife, two Misses McReynolds, Mrs. Margaret Lewis and daughter, Mrs. L. S. Major, Mrs. Harriet Lewis, wife of Gen. G. W. Lewis; Rev. R. H. Lee, minister. This house of worship, that was then built, still stands, and has been continuously a place of worship for half a century.

The Town Of Malta Bend

The town of Malta Bend, located on the Petit Saw plains, in Grand Pass township, was laid off by Joseph R. Lunbeck in 1867. There were then three dwelling-houses, one dry goods and variety store and a postoffice at this point, including Mr. Lunbeck, Dr. James McNutt, W. H. Squairs and John D. Reeves.

The wonderfully rich land around attracted many eastern farmers, and men of means, to this point. The citizens were sober, industrious and honest, and the little town grew steadily, and now, after the lapse of fifteen years, is quite a little city of 400 inhabitants, containing two dry goods stores (Wilson & Gills and A. T. Palmer), four grocery stores (Coleman, Dow, McCarty, and Biles & Bro.), three drug stores (Brown &

McQuoid, Mahan & Purcell and Little & Walden), one tin and hardware store (F. M. Chapline), one boot and shoe shop (H. Holtz), two blacksmith, carriage and wagon shops (Day and Duvally), one livery stable (J. G. Dill), five churches (Methodist Episcopal, Presbyterian, O. S., " Christian" and African Methodist), one graded public school, of which Prof. G. W. Newton is principal, four lodges (Masonic, Odd-Fellows, Good Templars and United Workmen). There is not a saloon in the city.

The town of Malta Bend derived its name in the following manner: Many years ago, the old steamboat Malta struck a snag, on one of her trips up the river, and sunk at a bend near what has since been called Malta Bend landing. The bend in the river assurned the name of the steamboat, and the landing the name of the bend, and the town, back on the bluflTs, the name of the landing, Malta Bend.

Although Malta Bend has been unsuccessful in obtaining direct railroad communication with the rest of the world, the country around here is so fertile and so thriving that she must always be a capital business point - and she has always set an example in patronizing home industries, and in liberal dealing with evtry enterprise that looked to the general good, that some of her neighbor towns would do well to' follow.

Late in October, 1866, 1 met Mr. John D. Reeves, then residing near where Malta Bend now stands, who informed me that there was some talk of laying out a town in his neighborhood. Having lately arrived in the county, and not being permanently settled, I determined to go out in that direction on a prospecting tour, which determination I put in execution the next day.

I was struck with the beauty, fertility and advantageous situation of that splendid region, named by the early French trappers, " Plaines des Petites Sauts," flains of the little falls, onwhich. Malta Bend is built. I saw that there was a good chance for a thriving town to flourish in this neighborhood, and calling upon Mr. Joseph R. Lunbeck, who was then building his present residence, I proposed to purchase a lot of ground and move my family out there, and assist in founding a new town. This met Mr. Lunbeck's hearty approval, and he sold me a lot containing about half an acre of ground, adjoining that on which his own residence stands. This was some months before the plat of the town was laid out.

I moved there on the 25th of November, 1866, and purchased a little frame house that stood on Mr. Reeves' farm, which I moved on to my lot, and camped in it during the winter,it being too late to build that season. A few weeks after my arrival, Mr. Lunbeck moved into his new house, and shortly afterwards laid out the present town, and offered lots for sale, to actual settlers on very liberal terms. The next spring, Mr. Wm. H.

Early in 1867, Mr. D. D. Buie, of Marshall, built a very commodious store and placed a good stock of goods in it, which was the first mercantile house established in the place. Shortly afterwards, Mr. J. M. Hopkins, of Waverly, bought a parcel of ground of Mr. A. F. Brown, adjoining the original town plat, and erected a very substantial store and dwelling house, and Dr. R. H. Corrin moved to the place and conducted the business of the store for several years succeeding. The house did a large business under Dr. Corrin's management, and was very prosperous. This and adjoining lots were afterwards added to the town, and are now known as " Brown's first addition."

During the summer and fall of 1867, several very worthy individuals and families purchased lots, built houses and settled with us. Among these may be mentioned, Mr. E. Cooper and family; Dr. A. Van Meter and family; and Mr. Miles H. Van' Meter, carpenter and builder, who has done much to enhance the interests of the place, by his enterprise and industry.

From this time forward a steady emigration set in, and many houses were built in the town and adjacent country, until now, the lands constituting the whole of what is known as the " Plains," are cultivated like a garden, and are unrivalled in fertility and productiveness by any on this continent, though, but ten years ago, they presented the appearance of a dreary morass, fit habitation only for frogs and mosquitoes.

The new comers mere mostly from Ohio, who brought with them, not only considerable pecuniary means, but what is of much more value in a new country, intelligent minds and industrious habits.

The Methodist Episcopal Church of Malta Bend was organized the third Sabbath in October, 1865, at the house of John Lunbeck. The original members were John Lunbeck, Matilda Lunbeck, Robert S., Virgil R., Caroline, and Mary J. Lunbeck ; George and Elizabeth Millice, Henry Millice and wife, Mary Miller and Maggie Miller. A frame church building, costing $1,500, was built in 1871, and dedicated in 1872, by Rev. T. J. Ferrill. The pastors have been S. Alexander, J. R. Sarceen, Mr. Stephens, H. R. Miller, S. P. Salloway, G. T. Smiley, F. Oechsli, C. J. W. Jones, James S. Porter, and the present pastor. Rev. John H. Gillespie. Present membership, 70. The present pastor says a Sabbath school was organized soon after the formation of the original class, but discontinued every winter until 1868, when it was resolved to organize to discontinue only with the coming in of the millennium, which resolution has been kept so far.

Ancient Order Of United Workmen Independent Order Of Good Templars

The town of Laynesville is situated on section 32, township 52, and range 22, on the bank of the Missouri River. It was founded in the year 1870, by John W. Layne, a large stock dealer, shipper and commission merchant, then living in the town of Malta Bend, on the Petite Saw Plains. G. T. Walden opened the first store, having a stock of general merchandise. A postoffice was located here very soon after it was first laid out. Until 1875 the town of La5mesville flourished and grew rapidly, being one of the heaviest shipping points on the river. The railroads which then traversed the county, cut off" a large part of its trade, and since it has been on the decline. In 1875, when at its zenith, it had one general store, one grocery, one drug store, one large flouring mill, three large warehouses, one saw mill, two physicians, one church, and one good school. It has now, in 1881, dwindled down to one general stock store and postoffice, two warehouses, two sawmills, one church and school. During the spring just past, the vast flood in the river inundated the town and submerged the whole bottom, with the exception of a long, narrow bench of land between Laynesville.

Country Churches Asbury Chapel

Asbury Chapel, under the control of the Northern Methodists, or Methodist Episcopal Church, was organized in 1874. The original members were Elias Ray, Rachael Ray, Nancy Settles, Elias Settles, Susan F. Jones, D. Boothe, G. Kilpatrick, Jack Hazell, Mrs. Hazell, H. Jones and Lewis Jones. A house of worship was built in 1880. It is a frame and cost $1000. It was dedicated March 27th of the same year by Rev, J. N. Pierce. The names of pastors are C.J. W.Jones, Jas. S. Porter, and John H. Gillespie. The present membership is twelve. There is a good Sabbath-school in connection with the church, with an excellent library, and the school lasts all the year round.

This township, lying upon the Missouri river, and containing an abundance of timber, was one of the first settled in the county. For a sketch of its early settlement, the reader is referred to the histories of the settlement of the Miami and Edmonson's bottom.

Other settlements were made, however, of which there is no certain record. According to Judge Tyree Davis, in township 53, range 20, was the first settlement in that neighborhood, in 1817, by Daniel Tillman, who came from Tennessee and settled on section 34. Thomas Rogers came from Tennessee in 1817, and settled on section 1, township 52, range 20; Richard Cummings came in 1817, locating on section 2 ; Uriah Davis, from Kentucky, in 1820, on section 34; Abel Garrett, in 1817, on section 3, all in township 52, range 20.

The first death in the neighborhood was that of Miss Rhoda Brown, in 1819. The body was buried on the line between townships 52 and 53 and between sections 34 and 35.

The first male child born was John Fulton, son of Neal and Lucy Fulton (the first couple married), in 1821. The first female child born was Sarah Davis, daughter of Uriah and Elizabeth Davis, in 1821.

The first church was organized by the Baptists, at High Hill, about the year 1829, near the graveyard still in the field of the widow Gilliam. The first religious services had been previously held in the house of Abel Garrett. See history of early religious organizations.

The first school house was built by the community in the year 1820. It was located on section 3, township 52, range 20. The first teacher was Laban Garrett, who had about twenty scholars. See early schools.

Among the early preachers were Rev. Wm. Ferril, a Methodist, an uncle of Jesse Ferril, of Miami ; Hugh. R. Smith and Abbott Hancock Cumberland Presbyterians. Rev. Smith died at Clinton, Henry county, and Rev. Hancock in California.

The first cloth manufactured in the township was by Mrs. Susan Wolfskill and Mrs . Ellen Wheeler, from cotton raised, ginned, carded and spun, by themselves, and " nettle flax."

In the neighborhood of the town of Miami the settlements were begun in 1817, in which year there came by keel-boat John Cook, Samuel Perry, Martin Waddle, Wm. Adams, and Mat. Maze, all from Kentucky, except Perry, who was from Pennsylvania. This history is given upon the authority of Alfred Wheeler and his wife Ruth, and Mr. J. P. Scott, of Miami. Mrs. Wheeler was born in Cooper's Fort, Howard county, and Mr. W- was raised in the neighborhood, whose history in part he relates. According to their testimony, Perry settled on a part of section 27, township 53, range 21, and the rest near by.

The first marriage was that of John Perry and Polly Harris, in the year 1819. The ceremony was performed by Rev. Harris, of the M. E. Church.

The first male child born was Samuel Perry, in March, 1818. His parents were Samuel S. and Betsy Perry. The first female born was Keziah Perry, the date of whose birth is June 7, 1819. She was a sister of Samuel Perry, Jr.

Dr. Penn and Dr. John Sappington were the first regular physicians in the neighborhood. Dr. Sappington came from near Arrow Rock, 25 miles away, for nearly ten years, to attend the sick of this community.

The first religious services were at the house of Thomas Clemmons, in the years 1819, 1820, and 1821. They were conducted by Rev. Harris, a Methodist minister.

The first school in the Miami botton was taught by Wm. Ferril. He had ten or twelve scholars at one dollar a scholar per month. Mr. Ferril subsequently removed to Jackson county and died in the year 1861. The first school house was built on the southwest corner of section 22, township 53, range 21, in the year 1820, by the citizens. No public aid was ever received. The building was of logs, with clapboard roof, the boards fastened down with poles reaching across and pinned to the logs ; the floor was of puncheons ; the cracks between the logs were " chinked " and then daubed with mud mortar.

Mrs. Betsy Perry and Mrs. Jenny Cook wove the first cloth in the neighborhood. They raised their own cotton, carded, spun, and colored it; then wove it and prepared it for the needle. For many years they raised and prepared their own indigo and madder, which were the dyestuffs they used. Afterwards they raised flax, which they hatcheled, or "hackled," and spun and mixed with cotton, or wove webs together of linen. Carpet weaving was not done by the early settlers, for they needed no carpets.

It was forty miles from this settlement to the nearest store - at Old Franklin - or to the nearest flouring mill. The settlers ground their corn (they had no wheat) by hand in a mortar with a pestle, or in rude simple mills. Their vehicles were one-horse carts or sleds drawn by oxen. The plows used were the old bar share, with wooden moldboards.

The first shipments or exports of produce from the colony were made in 1822, by Samuel Perry, who bought a flatboat load of pork at from $1 to $1..50 per hundred weight, which he marketed at a fair profit at Old Franklin and Booneville. The first potatoes and other produce were -hipped the next year, by Joseph Clemmons. The shippers made their own boats out of timber hewn in the woods and of plank sawed by hand with the old whip-saw.

Among the pioneers of the Miami bottom whose memory the old settlers delight to honor was Robert Patrick, the government contractor, some of whose good qualities are narrated in the general history of this volume. It was he who could travel through the Indian territories with his property when no other white man could. He lived at Patrick's Bend, on the Missouri, a tract of land comprising about 1,000 acres, where he collected his cattle preparatory to driving them to the U. S. forts.

While Mr. Patrick was engaged in driving his cattle to fill his contracts, he supplied himself with food in the following manner: Before leaving home he would parch a quantity of corn, grind it .in a hand-mill, and put it in a leathern sack for safe keeping ; this answered for bread. His meat was obtained as he traveled from the herds of deer along the line of his road, and from other kinds of game. In this way he made enough money to buy a considerable tract of land from the government. His wife

The women of the settlement had to prepare all the cloth used for clothing from the raw material. Often they hunted for nettles, which they stripped of their lint and used as flax. Four yards of the cloth made in those days was sufficient for a dress. However, no basques and polonaises, and overskirts and lengthy trains were deemed essential to a dress then. The men tanned their own leather, made their own shoes and leather pants, and did much of the work themselves that is now done for their descendants by tailors and bootmakers.

In the southern part of the township, according to T. R. E. Harvey, Esq., the first settlers in township 51, range 21, were Wm. Brown, from Cumberland county, Va., who settled on section 9; Maj. Thos. H. Harvey, of Northumberland county, Va., who came in 1836, locating on section 17; Lewis Carthrae came before the year 1836, to section 21; P. Y. Irvine, came in 1833, to section 10; J. H. Irvine came in 1837 to the southwest quarter of section 16; Hugh Irvine, the same year, to the northwest quarter of section 22; Col. J. B. Brown in 1837 to the northeast quarter of section 4; O. Miller in 1840 to section 3; Josiah Gauldin in 1838 to section 3; J. A. Saufley in 1840 to section 5. All of these were from the state of Virginia.

The first marriage remembered is that of Daniel T. Guthrey and Harriet Brown, at Col. John "B. Brown's, about the year 1842. The ceremony was performed by a Methodist minister.

The first regular physician in the neighborhood was Dr. E. M. Talbott, of Kentucky, who is still engaged in the profession in this township.

The first school was taught on the farm of Major Harvey, in the year 1838, by T. D. Wheaton, of Newport, R. I., who afterward became Presiding Chief-Justice of the territory of New Mexico. The first school house was built about the year 1840, by the settlers, on the southwest quarter of section 15. It was a simple log house, no money being paid out for its construction except for nails and shingles.

Among the many interesting incidents of the early history of this portion of the township, is one relating to a marriage ceremony performed at an early day. A negro man belonging to Maj. Harvey, and a negro woman, the property of Col. Jno. Brown, were married " at the residence of the bride.'.' They expected a minister or magistrate to perform the ceremony, but as neither of these personages came, a daughter of Col. Brown stepped out into the yard and performed the ceremony herself. " No cards."

a resident of the township since 1831, it may be stated that the first settlers were Mrs. Green McCafFerty, wife of the surveyor of the county, who came before the year 1831 to section 31, township 52, range 21; Daniel Snoddy, from Rockingham county, Virginia, in 1832, to section 10, township 51, range 21; James Lewis, from West Virginia, in 1836, to section 10, township 51, range 21.

The first marriage was that of Daniel Snoddy to Miss Jane Brown, which occurred in 1833, at the residence of Mr. James Brown. The ceremony was performed by a Methodist minister.

The first regular physician was Dr. George Penn, from Arrow Rock. He afterward became a noted Democratic politician, and removed to St. Louis.

The first schools were taught in the grove where Mr. A. T. Irvine now lives, in section 15. The teachers were Mr. Kirby, John Duggins, Col. John W. Reid and Capt. Ruxton. About twenty scholars attended. The tuition was $1 per scholar per month. Here the first school-house was built. It was a frame, 18 feet square, and cost about $100. It was built by the neighborhood.

The first weaving of cloth was done by Mrs. Sarah A. Gauldin, wife of Josiah Gauldin. She wove on a loom made by a Mr. Smith, and did all kinds of weaving.

The Glasgow and Lexington road was the only thoroughfare through this settlement in an early day. The settlers went to Jonesboro and Arrow Rock for what supplies in the way of "store goods" they were compelled to have. The store in Arrow Rock was kept by C. F. Jackson (afterward governor) and Samuel Miller; the merchants at Jonesboro were Hook & Bros, and Gov. Marmaduke and Darwin Sappington.

The capture of the fort of the Miami Indians is detailed in another chapter. From information received since that portion of this history was it is learned, upon the authority of Mr. Jesse Ferril, whose father, Henry Ferril, was a meihber of Captain Cooper's company of volunteers, that the Miamis were expecting an attack from the whites, and had evacuated their fort to avoid it. Some of the Indians had the mainsprings of their guns broken, and supplied their places with others made of seasoned hickory, which answered all purposes very well.

In 1859, Mr. Jesse Ferril met an interpreter for the remnant of the Miami Indians, then living in Kansas. This interpreter gave the version of the capture of the fort as related to him by the old Miamis, and it comports itfall substantial particulars with that given in this history.

Miami township abounds in many features of interest to the arehaeologist and antiquarian. In this township are the "Pinnacles," the old French fort, and the probable site of the massacre of the Spaniards by the Indians in the eighteenth century. Many remains of the mound builders' age, the stone age, and other pre-historic ages, are to be found in many parts of the township. Upon this subject and others connected with the history of the township, Mr. Jesse Ferril says:

There are many evidences and traces of occupants prior to the settlement by the whites in Miami township, among which are the remains of the old fort, which is about four miles south of the town of Miami, in what is called the Pinnacle hills. East of said fort, on the farms now owned by R. M. Williams and E. S. Casebolt, there have frequently been dug up portions of human skeletons. About thirty years ago I saw a young man named Thomas Wheeler, who had his pockets full of human teeth that he had drawn from the skuUs and jaws of skeletons dug up when setting fence-posts on the above named farms, and I understand that, human bones are frequently found at this day on said farms, from which fact I suppose there was once a great battle fought at that place. The Indians that were then in possession of this country when the whites first settled it knew nothing about the people who had built the fort and mounds in this portion of the country. There was also in an early day a great quantity of broken crockery-ware found in this vicinity and in the Pinnacle hills, all that I ever saw of which was unglazed. There were also pipes made of red stone and arrow-heads made from flints, and red stone used for paints. These were, I have no doubt, made and used by the Indians, for I have myself seen them have pipes of the same kind of stone and of a similar make. Stone axes were sometimes found. I dug one up which was about eighteen inches under ground when foUnd, where the Christian Church now stands, in the town of Miami. I have dug into several mounds, in some of which I found charcoal and animal bones, and in others limestone rocks, which seemed to have been placed there by man, but did not show any marks of the mason's hammer. There was nothing peculiar about the bones that is noteworthy.

The first white settlement was made in the Miami bottom in the years 1817 and 1818, and the names of the settlers, as I now recollect, were William McMahan, Thomas Clemens, John Cook, Samuel Perry and Henry Ferril, most of whom were from Kentucky. ( This was before I was born, and I only state what I have heard from my parents). These were farmers, but furnished their families with meat mostly by hunting. Henry Ferril and John Ferril, his father, frequently went on trapping expeditions for beaver, some years previous to that date, from Howard county, and also on hunting expeditions after buffalo and elk, and would go as high up the Missouri river as Kansas river, and up it some distance, and other parties sometimes went with them. They had no trouble with the Indians after 1818. The Shawnees and some other tribes frequently came through this part of the country, up to 1836, but were friendly. I have frequently seen the Shawnees and my father, Henry Ferril, go on a bear chase together. I have also seen the Shawnees and whites practice rifle-shooting at a mark together. The old hunters among the whites could generally heat them at the target, but the Indians could generally beat the ordinary farmer and hunter.

INCIDENTS OF EARLY HISTORY. The following incidents of the early history of the township, have been furnished by Hon. J. B. Ish, one of the first settlers in the county.

The Big Snow Of 1827-8

The winter of 1827-8, was a remarkably hard one. It snowed without intermission from Christmas to New Year, and the snow was three feet deep on a level. Fortunately it did not blow while the snow was falling, or after, until the snow settled, and did not drift. It crusted so hard that men could walk on top, but no brute could move. There was an abundance of wild game in the country then, and deer could be caught by a man, but were too lean when caught to be of any use. In the early times hogs were allowed to run in the woods, and could generally live the year round on mast. They only ate corn occasionally out of compliment to the settlers. They became wild, and were killed by the hunters (and every settler was a hunter) the same as deer and other wild game. Thousands of them perished during this hard winter. Wild turkeys froze to death, and dropped off the roost.

Honey was so abundant in the wilds, that every other tree was a beehive, and the other hollow trees had 'coons in them, was an old saying of the settlers. The iuffering among the stock was fearful indeed. The men did not suffer so much, as they could walk upon the snow.

New Madrid Land Titles

The great earthquake of 1811, which destroyed a good portion of southeast Missouri, left the people in great poverty. Congress came to their relief, and passed an act granting to each settler there a transferable land warrant for 160 acres of land that might be selected and located anywhere that unappropriated lands were to be found, and government surveys were not permitted to disturb these lines. Jacob Ish bought two of these warrants, and located the first warrant in 1816 in the Big Bottom, and probably owned the first title to land in Saline county.

The government surveyed this country, and located a land office at Old Erankfort, opposite Booneville, and put the land on sale at $2.12^ per acre, in 1818, advertising on what day a congressional township would be sold. The terms of sale were, one-quarter down, and the remainder in three equal yearly payments, which proved very disadvantageous for both government and purchasers. Each man that had money enough to purchase a quarter-section cash, would purchase, instead, a whole section of

640 acres, and make the first payment. In most cases the purchaser failed to make the other payments. Again congress came to their aid, with an act granting them the right to locate on the section they had bought, the number of acres their payments would actually pay for, the remainder of the sections reverting to the government.

Overflows Of Missouri River

The first general overflow, known to the whites, was in May, 1826, arising from an early thaw in the mountains. The first day of May the river began to rise, and by the 6th it was at its highest. It was five miles wide in the Big bottom, opposite Glasgow, and the water was deepest (20 feet) next the bluffs, proving that the land is higher at the banks than at the bluff. Settlers had to use their cabins for rafts. The grain was rotted, the fences washed away, and three-fourths of the stock drowned. In ten days the water subsided, except in low places, and the settlers returned, got their rails out of the drifts, refenced their land, and planted their crops ; and had an abundant crop that year. Notwithstanding the amount of water in the sloughs, and the general prediction, the season was as healthy as any. The next general overflow was in 1844, when the water was even higher than in 1826. There was not so much damage to stock and grain, however, as there werp more people and more boats. All the bottoms were overflowed. From the Devil's Backbone, in Saline, to the other side, there was an expanse of water eleven miles wide. Having transferred their stock to the highlands, the settlers ifiade their escape in boats and dugouts made for the purpose. There was great sickness in the fall of 1844, and many died, not only in Saline, but all along the river- The overflow begun early in June, and continued to the end of July.

This township was one of the three original townships in the county. Its boundaries then were much larger than they are at present, and have been changed quite often, and are probably not yet made permanent. Its complete history would itself fill a volume. Before the war it was one of the wealthiest townships in Missouri, its large crops of hemp, corn, wheat and other cereals, and its herds of stock being the means of enriching the farmers, their producers.

During the war it suffered severely from the ravages of the evil-disposed of both sides. The guerrilla chief, Quantrell, visited the township at least twice. BiU Anderson, Blunt, and Yager made frequent incursions into the township. Anderson crossed the river just above the town upon the occasion when he went to Huntsville, Randolph county, and plundered the town and the county treasury of about $30,000. This was in June, 1864. The Federal militia were constantly passing through the township, and Gen. Pleasonton's cavalry returned from the pursuit of Price along its main roads running east and west. Some of the tragedies happening in this township are given elsewhere.

Anti-Horse-Thief Society

For some years after the war closed, Saline county horses would disappear from their stables and enclosures; no matter how strongly or vigiilantly guarded. Horse-stealing became at last so frequent and intolerable that no man's horse was safe, and the people of Miami township determined to find some remedy for an evil that was growing worse every day. They therefore, in 1875, organized what was, and is still known as the "anti-horse-thief society of Miami township." Nearly all the able-bodied property holders in the township, belonged to this organization, subscribed a financial fund, and pledged themselves that whenever the signal of a horse stolen from one of its members was given, they would pursue both horse and thief until the one was recaptured, and the other brought to justice. Since the organization of this society, the crime of hsrse-stealing has greatly decreased in the county as well as in Miami township. For a time, a number of horses were taken from Miami township, but all of them, except one, were recovered by the association, and now the disappearance of a horse from that township is a rare occurrence. The gentlemen so devoted to horse flesh that they cannot resist their craving for every good horse they see, have abandoned this township for other and less dangerous fields. Long may this society live and prosper.

The Town Of Miami

THE TOWN OF MIAMI. The incorporated town of Miami is one of the oldest in the county, and one with a most interesting history. It was formerly called Greenville, and at one time aspired to be the county seat. From a printed sketch the following history has been adapted:

The site of the town of Miami was entered in the year 1833, by Henry Ferrill, one of the pioneers of Saline county. In 1886 he established a ferry, and in 1838 he laid out the town, which was known as Greenville until 1843, when it was changed to Miami. The broad-axe and whip-saw prepared all the building material used in the community until 1838, when a steam saw-mill enabled the good people to indulge in the luxury of plank houses. »

The first start toward business was a hewed log warehouse on the levee, and the first crop of hemp shipped was that of P. Y. Irvine, Esq., shipped by J. J. Ferrill in 1840. The first merchant was Singleton Vaughn.

Gradually the little village grew in population and in business to meet the requirements of the country. Hemp became the great staple of the county, and, in 1860, 'Saline was the great hemp-growing region of the west. Being the principal shipping point, Miami shared the notoriety and theprosperity, reaching a population of about 800.

After the close of the war a decided change took place in the agricultural products of the county. More attention was given to the raising o

For several years it was thought that Saline soil was not well adapted to the growth of wheat, but experience has corrected the error. The crop of last year (1873) was not only large, but the quaUty was the very best sent to the St. Louis market.

Though her productions and resources are many and varied, it is for corn and stock that Saline has become most famous ; and Miami gets a large share of the shipments. During the year 1873 there were over one thousand car-loads of stock crossed at Miami, and shipped on the St. Louis, Kansas City & Northern Railroad; besides a large number shipped by river.

Extensive deposits of coal and the best building stone in the state (the White Rock quarry), in the immediate neighborhood, and the matchless fertility of the soil of the Missouri vallej', make Miami one of the most convenient and desirable points in central Missouri for the establishment of manufactories of various kinds, on a large scale, such as farming implements, wagon, and all various articles required by the people, which can be manufactured to much better advantage when the producer and consumer live near together. Every branch of trade and industry is well represented, and no point in the country offers greater inducements to farmers, either for the purchase of their produce, or for the sale of such articles as they have to buy. The public school is one of the largest and best in this part of the state, and the citizens take great interest and pride in it.

The savings bank has a capital of $50,000, the unpaid portion of which is secured by real estate, thus giving to depositors a security rarely offered.

The Churches Of Miami

THE CHURCHES OF MIAMI. Although at one time there was a great deal of immorality in the town of Miami, now no place of its size in the country has more of quietude of manners and orderly behavior and conduct. There are many churches and church-going people, and the morals of the community are well looked after, and are of a high character.

The M. E. Church, South

The present organization of this church was established in 1854. The original members were Mother Ferril, James Isbell and two daughters, Wm. S. Brown and wife, Wm. Eustace, R. R. Cruzen and wife, N. Perry and wife, Mrs. Music, Mrs. Eustace, Mrs. Martin and others. ' The

Peterson, John Shackelford, Wm. Compton, Wm. Wharton, John Woodridge, W. J. Brown, Luke PuUiam, W. H. Woodward, M. Adkinson, Wm. B. McFarland, P. Phillips, J. A. Murphy, B. Margeson, and J. T. Perry. The number of members at present is 85. The first church building of this church, was destroyed during the war, in 1864. The second was built of brick, at a cost of $6,500, and was finished in 1872.

Christian Church

The Christian Church of Miami was organized in 1850 or 1851. The original members were N. S. Robertson, Emily Robertson, Jno. Robertson, Wm. Thomas and wife, F. Robertson, W. C. Monroe and wife, P. Maupin

Pemberton and wife, Eliza Moberly, Mary Stevenson, Susan Clement. The pastors have been Elder Flint, J. W. McGarvey, Thos. P. Holey, (or Halsey) Wm. H. Robinson, Dr. W. T. Jordan, T. N. Gaines, Samuel McDaniel, H. M. Dale, and Geo. Plattenburg. The number of present membership is 170. The present church building, which is a frame, was built in 1854, at a cost of about $3,000. In connection with the church is a flourishing Sabbath-school, of about 65 members, which was organized in 1866.

First Baptist Church

- "At the request of sundry members of the United Baptist Church, the following persons resolved themselves into a council on Tuesday, the 20th day of November, 1849, to determine in relation to the propriety of constituting a church in the town of Miami, Saline county, Missouri, - to-wit: Elders R. Y. Thompson, Wm. C. Ligon, and Deacons Wm. Graves and R. E. McDaniel. After an appropriate sermon by Elder Wm. C. Ligon, from Ephesians 2:20 and 22, the following brethren and sisters presented testimonials satisfactory to the council that they were members of the United Baptist Church, in good standing: Elder W. C. Batchelor, Winson Rice, C. W. Pendleton, W. H. Cunningham, Ann P. Rice, Lucy V. Haynie, Catherine Strother, Elizabeth Graham, Eliza Campbell, Nancy Batchelor, and Judith Haynie."

Elder Bachelor was the first pastor. He preached for the congregation some three months, when he was succeeded by the Rev. W. M. Bell, who served seven years. The other pastors have been A. P. Williams, John H. Luther, A. P. Williams, G. W. Rodgers, E. Home, J. C. Armstrong, G. W. Hatcher. The present membership is 193.

The first church building was a frame, erected in 1852, and erected by the congregation. Afterwards, in 1857, it was improved greatly, making the total cost of the building, about $2,700. During the war this house was occupied by the Federal militia, who enclosed it with a stockade. In the summer of 1864, two Confederate bushwhackers, taking advantage of the absence of the Federal troops, set it on fire and it was burned to the ground. The present church was built in 1866, and dedicated in December of that year, by Rev. W. M. Bell. It cost about $4,000.

The Episcopal Church

A number of members of the Episcopal church, namely, John G. Guthrie, Henry Boyer and John H. Boyer, with their wives and others, effected a church organization of their denomination, about the year 1870. This organization is called Grace Church Missionary Station. It has no church building. Services are and have been held in a hall, belonging to John G. Guthrie, who fitted it up with the necessary furniture for church use. The pastors have been Rev. Dr. Samuels and Rev. M. L. Woodruff. Services are held monthly. Present membership, 20. Mr. John G. Guthrie, the chief supporter of this church, it is claimed, has contributed more than any other man towards the erection of churches and the furtherance of church work in Saline county.

African M. E. Church

This church was temporarily organized by Sylvester Dines, a local preacher, about the year 1866. As none of the members could read or write, no records were then kept. In 1870, the A. M. E. conference sent Rev. Wm. G. Rhinehart, as pastor. The original members were Jacob and Hannah Brown, Mary McFadden, Adeline Hobson and Rosa Adams. The colored Baptists and Methodists worshipped in a house owned by both denominations, until 1878. In 1879, the members of this church erected a church building, a frame, at a cost of about $600, which will be dedicated the present season. Besides Rev. Rhinehart, the pastors of .this church have been G. W. Thatcher, John R. Loving, S. W. Bird and G. W. Guy. Jacob Brown, one of the first trustees, is still living at the age of 78. The present membership is 49.

This church was organized in the spring of 1868. James Thomas and York Brown were the first trustees . Names of the first members have not been ascertained. The pastors have been Ephraim Jenkins, Hardin Smith, Wm. P. Brooks, and J. W. Crustion. Thefirst church was erected in 1876. It is a frame, and cost $1,500. It was dedicated the present season. The present membership is 150. There is a Sabbath-school in connection, which is in a prosperous condition. Preaching, twice a month; prayer meeting, every week. The church is out of debt, and has a cemetery in the church-yard, two acres in extent, which was donated to the church by Rev. W. M. Bell. As previously stated, this congregation at first worshipped with the colored Methodists.

The Old School Presbyterians had a congregation organized in Miami, in 1847, by Rev. Geary Hickman. They built a §hurch the same year, the only one in the place for a number of years. In 1867 the church was reorganized by Rev. Nail. A new church was completed in 1876.

Civic Societies

. The first organization of this chapter was effected in October, 1871. The charter members were L. Fry, Vance Bell, J. H. Eakin, H. Mertens, D. F. Bell, Rev. J. B. Hamner, T. S. Akerman, Jno. Elder, C. P. Bondurant, and G. W. Rogers. The chapter holds its meetings in the Masonic hall, a brick building, costing from $1,500 to $1,800. The present officers are: D. F. Bell, H. P.; J. W. Robertson, king; Wm. H. Morris, scribe; A. A. Wheeler, C. of H.; L. Fry, P. S.; A. J. Casebolt, R. A. C; Geo. Burrus, M. of 3d V.; T. S. Akerman, M. of 2d V.; B. B. Berry, M. of 1st V. ; G. N. Hill, guard. The number of members is twenty-four, one of whom is a Knight Templar.

Miami Lodge, No. 467, Independent Order of Good Templars, was organized November 5, 1880. The original members were: C. W. Pendleton, Rev. J. T. Perry, David Vaughan, Rob't Ruxton, J. G. Ball, G. W. Carpenter, C. Portman, F. Snelling, Prof. J. B. Tate, Dr. A. A. Wheeler, and thirty-eight others. The lodge, for the present, occupies the Odd Fellows' hall. The present membership is eighty. Present officers are: P. W. C. T., G. W. Carpenter; W. C. T., David Vaughan; W. V. T., Miss A. M. Hawkins; chaplain, Rob't Ruxton; secretary, W. T. Burns ; assistant secretary. Miss Janie Robinson ; treasurer. Miss Mary Zea. Number of members at present, eighty.'

A. Marshall, W. Parish, Hy. Burruss, R. S. Ireland, J. L. Burruss, J. Greenebaum, Lee Hii^hes, G. R. McDaniel, A. R. Edmonds, D. B. Coltrane, Isham Roberts, J. B. Moberly. The Odd Fellows' hall is used in which to meet. The number of members at present is 42. The present officers are Hy. Burruss, P. M. W.; A. R. Edmonds, M. W.; Flournoy Snelling, G. F.; A. L. Wheeler, Overseer; D. F. Bell, Recorder; John Burns, Receiver; H. P. Eakle, Financier; John Higgins, Guide; G. R. McDaniel, I. W.

Mount Moriah Lodge, No. 10, A. F. & A. M., colored, was organized June 3, 1874, by Wm. R. Lawton, G. M. The original members were G. W. Thatcher, W. M.; F. Booker, S. W.;Thos. Green, J. W.; Monroe Booker, Treasurer; Thomas Booker, Secretary, and twenty-two others. A hall was purchased in the year 1877, at a cost of $300. The present officers are R. R. Pool, W. M.; Thomas Williams, S. W.; H. Tolliver, J. W.; James Beason, Treasurer; A. D. Johnson, Secretary. Number of members, eighteen, a falling off of nine from the original number.

Electa Court

No. 17, was organized February 27th, 1880, by G. W. Guy, Grand Lecturer. The officers are Mrs. V. E. Guy, M. A. M.; James Beason, W. J.; Mrs. Mary Pool, Treasurer; Mrs. C. B. Crushon, Secretary.

The Miami Savings Bank

was formerly a private institution, owned and operated by J. H. Eakin and L. J. Hamner, and was established in 1869. In 1874 it was purchased by a stock company and organized under its present name and charter, with a capital stock of $50,000. I. C. Withers, president; L. J. Hamner, cashier; B. F. McDaniels, secretary. The present president is J. G. Guthrie; L. J. Hamner, cashier, and W. H. Wheeler, secretary. The first five years the bank declared 120 per cent, dividends. The bank has never lost a cent, which, says the cashier, is not so much due to the management as to the solvency of its patrons.

The Miami Mills

The Miami mills were established in 1871,, by Guthrie, Holloway & Keller. They are now owned by J. G. Guthrie. The capacity is one hundred and fifty barrels of flour per day. They are situated on the bank of the Missouri river, and have all the latest and best class of machinery. The mill proper, is 34x45 feet, has four stories and a warehouse 45x100 feet, two stories high.

The A. C. Bird

The steam packet, A. C. Bird, was built in 1877, at Grafton, Illinois, for the Burruss Bros., of Miami, at a cost of $16,000. Her regular run was on the Missouri river, from DeWitt to Waverly, fifteen miles, which was made tri-weekly. The railroad pool forced her out in April, 1880. She then went to La Crosse, Wisconsin, for lumber for Kansas City market. After this trip she ran independent from Waverly to St. Louis for a while ; and then entered the " Star Line." On her second trip she sank at Liberty landing, below Kansas City. She has always been commanded by Capt. George Burruss, who was on her when she sank.

The Bruce Carriage Factory

THE BRUCE CARRIAGE FACTORY was founded in August, 1858, by C. G. Bruce, and is owned and operated by him now. All kinds and styles of carriages, buggies, etc., are here manufactured. Four hands are constantly employed, and about $6,000 worth of work done annually. It is the intention of the proprietor to increase its capacity to $10,000 during the present year.

THE SALINE COUNTY A(^RICULTURAL AND MECHANICAL ASSOCIATION was incorporated at Miami March 3, 1857, and located one quarter of a mile southeast of Miami, and occupies fifteen acres of land. The first president was ex- Gov. M. M. Marmaduke. The eighteenth fair was held in 1880. Its present officers are John Burruss, president ; A. R. Edmonds, secretary. This association has been of great benefit in developing the agricultural interests of Saline county.

The People'S Mill

THE PEOPLE'S MILL at Miami, was built for a distillery, in 1866, by Purcell & Co., and was used for that purpose about one year, when it was seized by the Government, and sold to Van Meter & Shaughnessy. They converted it into a flouring mill and operated it until 1875. In 1881 it was purchased by Smith & Lemon, and refitted with new and improved machinery. It has a capacity of one hundred barrels per day.

The Miami Telephone

THE MIAMI TELEPHONE was established June 1, 1880, and was built by the citizens of Miami. The office is in the drug store of A. R. Edmonds. The line runs from Miami to Miami Station, on the W., St. L. & P. R. R., a little over two miles across the river, and is now in connection with the Western Union Telegraph Co. A continuation of the line to Marshall was efTected the present year.

The Miami Livery And Sale Stables

owned and operated by Robertson Bros., average about twenty head of horses, with a large number of carriages, buggies, &c. They ship about twenty car loads of horses and mules per annum.

The Free State Settlement

There was once a settlement about seven miles east of Miami, in Saline county, called " The Free State:" In 1840 there was a dance in the " Free State." The " boj'^s" of Miami - and among them the county surveyor, A. M. Brown, - went to the dance. The Miami " boys" were too " solid" with the " Free State" girls to suit their country sweethearts. So to get even with them, the country fellows shaved all their horses' tails, and turned the saddles so that when they mounted, their faces would be to the horses' tails. Brown's horse was well tarred and turned loose. He strayed away and was taken the next day. In order to advertise the stray it was necessary to appraise him. Brown, as it happened, was one of the appraisers, and put the price at a nominal sum. Some weeks after, as he was passing, he saw the horse, now cleaned ofi - and had to prove his property.

Amid aU the gloom and horrors of the civil war in Missouri, many amusing incidents happened that do to laugh over now. During the war, when guerrilla bands had become prevalent. Justice Ferril, of Miami, was suddenly awakened one dark night by a loud knocking on his door. Of course he was satisfied at once that the " bushwhackers" had him, and trembling in every limb, he hurried down without waiting to dress. It proved to be only a couple who wished to be married immediately, and who were in so great a hurry, that they would not wait for him to dress - so he married them then and there, sans coat, sans vest, sans boots and trousers, and they went on their way rejoicing. He also went rejoicing back to bed.

Riot In Miami, In 1867

On Sunday, March 17, 1867, Wm. Elson, Lewis Elson, Thos. Elson and Jas. Burnsides, who had been members of the state militia, and lived about two miles from Miami, came into Miami, and galloped around town, firing their revolvers at every negro they saw wearing gray clothes, and swearing that the same were rebels. A good number of the negroes were wearing Confederate clothes, given them by returned soldiers^ In the afternoon, one of them fired at a negro entering the hotel of Mr. Snelling. Snelling came to the door, and demanded why they were shooting in his yard? One of them replied, "We will shoot you," and fired at him, hitting the door casing, and glancing, came very near to Mr. Snelling. This was a little too much! Snelling gathered up his gun and fired at William Elson, and missing him, knocked him down with the gun, and received a ball from Thomas Ellis, in his gunstock. By this time the citizens were all aroused, and turned out in force. They soon put the ex-militia to flight. In the pursuit, Thomas Elson was killed. The coroner's jury returned a verdict of " killed by a shot fired by J. A. Saufley." Saufley was tried before a justice, and immediately acquitted. Lewis and Wm. Elson were arrested for disturbing the peace, and held to bail in the sum of $500 each.

" THE BLACK FLAG." In April, 1865, not long after the assassination of President Lincoln, the town of Miami was,' for a few minutes, thrown into the greatest consternation and alarm. The news of the murder had reached the place, and there came also the report that the Federals were incensed beyond measure and restraint, and were taking fearful vengeance upon the Confederates and their sympathizers, whom they believed to be, directly or indirectly, the accomplices of John Wilkes Booth. A few parties in Miami had been heard to exult over the murder, or at least had not been heard to express any regrets, and the report was generally current that the militia were about to visit the town and put to the sword, summarily and without exception, every adult male not known to be a Federal or an active Federal sympathizer. Just at this moment a steamboat was seen coming up the river crowded with Federal soldiers and with a black jlag floating from the jack-stafF! God help the poor men of Miami now! To to the country was to run the risk of meeting the militia, and there seemed no way of escape. It is said that many men actually betook themselves to their prayers, and made preparations to pass through the the dark valley and shadow. The boat landed at the wharf. It was draped in black from stem to stern. A band of soldiers, grim and threatening, left the boat, marched silently and ominously up into town, and - while every citizen listened with bated breath for the work of carnage and slaughter to begin, - bought some crackers and cheese, paid for them, and returned to the boat ! It was explained that the boat had been draped by her officers, and was merely in mourning for the " Martyr President." The boat with her cargo, soon steamed away for Lexington, and the people came forth into the streets again - some from cellars, some from haymows, some from other hiding places often occupied before, and all the people breathed deep breaths of great relief.

FAIRVILLE. The town of FairviUe was laid oft by Col. John B. Brown, in 1856. On its site he established an academy and boarding-house. In 1869 a sale of lots was made by J. D. Edwards. During the war the people of the surrounding country were intensely southern in their sentiments and sympathies, and furnished a large number of troops for the Confederate army. A secessien flag was raised in the town in 1861. It was near this place that Capt. Ed. Brown was murdered by the Federal militia. Detach-

- The first Baptist Church of Fairville was organized in the spring of 1875, by Rev. W. M. Bell, of Miami. The number of original members was about fifty. A church building was erected the same year. The first pastor was Rev. J. B. Dodson. Present membership is about seventyfive.

There are several church organizations in the township outside of the towns, only a few of which, however, have furnished the details of their history in time for this volume. This is a circumstance greatly to be regretted, but cannot be helped.

Mt. Carmel Church, M.E., South

was organized in the year 1850. The original members were Wm. Brown and Lucy Brown, his wife, Josiah Gaulden and wife, P. Y. Irvine and wife, James Irvine and wife, Hugh Irvine and wife, D. T. Guthrie, J. G. Tucker, Maj. T. F. Harvey, and their wives, E. J. Brown, T. R. E. Harvey and Mrs. Martha J. Saufley. A fine brick church was built the same year at a cost of about $3,000. It was dedicated the same year by Rev. W. M. Protsman, now of Warrensburg, Missouri. Some of the pastors have been T. M. Finney and W. M. Protsman. The church building is a mile and a half south of Fairville.

Mt. Horeb Church

This church, of the Cumberland Presbyterian denomination, is situated on section eight, township 51, range 20. It was organized December 26, 1859, by Rev. Peter Goodman Rea, with the following members: William Wheeler, James Wilhite, James Fletchal, Henry Swisher, James Smith, C. A. Claycomb, Mrs.E. Smith, Mrs. Deborah Ford, Mrs. Minerva Wheeler, Miss M. C. Ford, Miss Artamesia Fletchal, Elizabeth Swisher, Mrs. C. Winning, Mrs. Mary A. Rea, Miss Anna W^ Rea.

The church building was erected in the fall preceding the organization, and was dedicated on the same day of the constitution, by Rev. Rea. It is a frame and cost $2,150. The pastors have been Revs. P. G. Ray, Warren Compton, James Martin, Oliver Guthrie, J. B. Lawrence, and after an absence of ten years. Rev. P. G. Ray again, the present pastor.

Harmony Church

This church was organized August 18, 1831, by Rev. Hugh R. Smith. The original members were James S. Berry and wife, John Johnson and his mother and sister, Coleman Kavanaugh and wife, Mrs. Cynthia Han- cock and her mother. The church building, a frame, was erected in 1875. The present membership is about one hundred. No official report has been received from this' church. The house of worship "is located upon section thirty-four, township fifty-two, range twenty-one.

From the best information obtainable, Bethel Baptist Church was organized in 1846, by Rev. T. Harris, with eleven members. A church was built in 1847, on section 8, township 52, range 20. The first pastor was Rev. Mr. Ligon.

Abbott Hancock organized a Cumberland Presbyterian church in 1829, and the congregation is still in existence. They have a church building, completed in 1877.

Shiloh Baptist Church is located in the eastern part of the township, and was organized in August, 1874, by Rev. E. W. Horn, assisted by Rev. J. L. Hampton. Present membership, about 75.

It is a matter of much regret that the history of the townships of -Saline county cannot be given in extenso. Especially is this so in the cases of the townships of Miami, Arrow Rock, Cambridge and Jefferson. But to give a full and complete history of any one of these townships, such as could and perhaps should be given, would require a volume almost the size of this.

Jefferson township was one of the very first settled in the county. It contained the first capital of the county - Old Jefferson. It contained the men who shaped its legislation and molded its destiny. It contained the germs of that civilization and that enterprise which have developed the county, made it what it is, and will make it what it shall be. Jefferson township contained the Edmonson bottom settlement, for the history of which the reader is referrtjd to the history of the early settlements.

Mr. Alfred Wheeler (may his tribe increase !), now of Miami township, who came to Saline county in 1819, states that the first settlements in Jefferson township were made by Richard Edmonson, from Tennessee, in 1816; Captain Richard Cummings, an Indian agent, who came from the same state in the same year; Thomas Rogers, Henry and Roger Brown, Thomas Hopper, John Young, Thomas and Daniel Tillman, John and Orvah Snow, all from Tennessee, to the upper end of the bottom, in 1816 or 1817. Wm. J . Wolfskill, Rice Downing, and Jane Hurd, from Kentucky, and Able Garrett, Wm. McDaniel and the Gwinn family (three brothers, Bartholomew, William and Almand), from Cocke county, Tennessee, "near Kit Bullard's old mill," settled on section 16, township 52, range 19. This settlement was for a time called Gvvinntown. The

Gwinns and their relatives were so numerous that for a long time they controlled the politics and the political affairs of the county, and especially of Jefferson township. A candidate was quite sure of an election if they all voted for him. In religion the Gwinns were Baptists.

Kentuckians could be distinguished from Tennesseeans by their dress; the apparel oft proclaimed the man. The Tennesseeans wore brown Jeans coats and striped cotton pantaloons, and who so spruce and gay as they! The men from "Old Kaintuck" were arrayed in all the glory of blue jeans suits. This was, of course, when they first came into Saline county. After they had been here for some time, they all wore what they could get. The women dressed in cotton or linsey dresses, with cotton or linen caps on their heads, and shoes made by the "men folks" of buckskin or home-tanned leather, and the fashions didn't change then for years. When babies came, as they did come - and as they always will come into every orderly and well-regulated settlement, heaven bless them - they were quite often rocked and lulled to sleep in cradles made after the fashion of a sugar-trough, fashioned by the hand of the fond father by being " dug out " of a log, like a miniature canoe, and with seasoned hickory bows attached to them for rockers. Within this little trough there were placed a few folds of flannel or linsey or some other sort of cloth - sometimes a pillow, brought hundreds of miles - sometimes soft " hatcheled " but unspun tow or flax, and into these nests there were snuggled the then innocent, cunning little darlings that are now the reverend and gray old settlers of Saline county, bowed and bent, and having become again " as little children," are waiting for the call of the Master.

The first religious services held in all the settlement were in the neighborhood of where Old Good Hope Church stands. J*Vm. Rogers taught the first school, and received from the scholars, of whom there were about fifteen, about seventy-five cents per month per head for his "services. Mr. Rogers went back to Tennessee, and thece died The first schoolhousg was built on section 35, township 53, range 20. It was constructed of logs, the same as the one in the Miami bottom, and was built by the contributed labor of the settlers.

Old Jefferson

Within this township, upon the banks of the Missouri, stood the town of Jefferson, or Old Jefferson, as it was called, which was the first county seat of the county - now no more. For eleven years it was the capital of Saline, with all that the name implied, which in that day was not much.

During the civil war Jefferson township was kept in a constant state of disquietude by the movements of the Confederates and the militia within her borders. There was a company of militia at Frankfort, and John

Hawkins' band of bushwhackers, Blunt's, Anderson's, and other guerrillas were here from time to time. Nine dwelling houses and one church were burned in New Frankfort, by the bushwhackers. Afterwards assessments were made upon the disloyal citizens of the surrounding country to pay for the property destroyed. This was done, and $1,500 was paid to the trustees of the Presbyterian church for its loss. Every house burned was paid for. Lieutenant Pinhart was killed a mile or two from Frankfort by Hawkins.

But the civil war, with all of its shedding of brothers' blood, and murder of innocent men, and vandalism, is over, never to be again. So let it pass into oblivion and forgetfulness. There is better work for people to do than to brood over horrors that have passed and cannot come again. Let the better memories of historic old Jefferson township be cherished, and let the bitter ones perish.

The Town Of Frankfort

The town of Frankfort or New Frankfort was laid off in January, 1858, by the Columbia City Building Association, of Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Its real founders were Messrs. Kaul, Alexander and Keye. The town was incorporated in 1859. The first mayor was John Kepler. The postoffice was established the same year, and Mr. Kepler was the first postmaster. John Kaul is the present postmaster. Peter Kaul built the first house; John Kepler owned the first store.

The first school house built was erected in 1866. It was a brick and cost $3,000. Rev. Charles Loudal taught the first school ; he had about thirty pupils, arid received a dollar per month from each. The first religious services were held in a privatehouse, and the first minister was Rev. Charles Loudal, a Cumberland Presbyterian.

During the civil war nine dwelling houses and the Cumberland Presbyterian Church were burned, and the town felt the effects of the war for some time. The great rnajority of the people were Union sympathizers, and a company of Union or Federal militia was raised in the place. Since the town of Slater has been built, many of the merchants have removed to the new city and there remain now but three merchants in Frankfort.

The Churches In Frankfort Cumberland Presbyterian Church

New Frankfort congregation of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church was organized September 16, 1860. The church was constituted with 37 members, whose names have not been furnished. A frame church building was erected in 1860, at a cost of $1,400, and dedicated the same year, by Rev. F. Locke. This building was burned during the war by the Confederates, and in 1869, a new brick church was built, costing $1,700. The pastors of this church have been Revs. Charles Loudal, John I. Geyser, H. Strauss, Fred Lippe, F. Swartz, Jacob Schmittler, Charles Ehrhardt and Schnake. In 1870, the membership was transferred to the general Presbyterian Church, and in 1879 was transferred to the Evangelical Association.

German Methodist

The church was organized in 1862, with ten members. A frame church building, costing $2,000, was built in 1862, and dedicated the same year by Rev. Snirley. The church has had seven pastors since its organization. Rev. Arnsparge is the present pastor. At one time this church had 36 members, but, owing to "deaths and dismissals, now but six.

Catholic Church

. This church was organized September 16, 1876, with about twenty families as members. A frame church, costing $2,200,' was built the same year, and dedicated on the same day of the organization, by Rev. Father Ryan, of St. Louis, now bishop. The pastors have been Fathers Meyers, Cechender, Busch, Wilinbring, Taurant, and Pauk. The present membership is composed of about seven families.

This church was the first religious organization established in Saline county, and one of the first Protestant organizations in the state of Missouri. It was organized in the month of August, 1818, at the residence of Capt. Bill}- Job, in the Big bottom, opposite Glasgow.

Among the first members were Wm. Job, Alex. Liggett, Almond or Almon Gwinn, and Lillard. Capt. Job was the first clerk, and Liggett and Gwinn the first deacons.

After having completed the organization the congregation dispersed,, the men to prepare to march on the following morning, under Capt. Billy Job, to chastise the Indians who were depredating upon the settlers, and the women to gather all the children and the scanty stores of the settlement into the log fort for safety during the absence of their protectors. Happily the men returned in a few days, having lost not one of their number, and leaving their neighbors, in Lafayette in securitv.

The congreeation assembled for worship in their own houses until the year 1825, when they erected a log "meeting house" about one mile » south of the present town of Frankfort, on the southwest corner of section 9, township 52, range 19. Mr. Alfred Wheeler, of Miami, sa}rs that when this church was built it was not built by contributions of money as churches are built now-a-days, but every man in the settlement, professors and non-professors, agreed to and did contribute so much in material and labor - this one so many hewed logs, that one so many rafters or boards, the other a day's labor, and so on. When all was ready, the men met, raised the house, covered it in, and Rev. Peyton Nowlin dedicated it to God. When completed it was, by general acclaim called Good Hope, the name it now bears.

Elder Peyton Nowlin became the first pastor in 1820, preaching in the houses of the members, "where two or three were gathered together," until the church was built. Since then there have served the church in a pastoral relation, Thos. Fristoe, Abner Gwinn, Ebenezer Rogers, Wm. M. Bell, J. D. Murphy, A. P. Williams, and Wm. M. Bell, the latter the present pastor in charge, who has preached to the congregation for about 25 years.

Other clerks besides Mr. Job, have been P. M. Hill, B. Huft, Geo. Rhoades, and W. H. Norvell. Deacons in addition to Liggett and Gwinn, were Geo. Rhoades, G. W. Lucas, Geo. Hawkins, P. M. Hill, Henry Gilliam, and P. H. Huff.

The second church building was a frame, built in 1846, on the southeast corner of section sixteen, township fifty-two, range nineteen, one mile south of where the old log church stood. It cost about $500, and afterward was enlarged.

In 1869, another church was built on the same site. It still stands, is a frame, 40x60 feet, and Rev. Bell says, cost $3,508; the clerk states, $3,200. It was dedicated by Rev. Bell, on the second Sabbath in September, fiftyone years after the first organization.

The present number of members of Good Hope is 188. There is a Sabbath-school in connection, with 131 scholars. There is regular preaching once a month.

This township was first settled by Jacob Ish and others, in 1816, in what was called the Big bottom. (See history of the settlement in the Big bottom.) Mr. J. B. Ish, now of Miami, son of Jacob Ish, states, in corroboration of the facts given in the early general history, and also states that the first white child born in the township, and in Saline county, was Mary Ish, daughter of Jacob and Mary Ish, who was born in the Big bottom, in April, 1817. Her mother died in giving her birth, being the first white person to die a natural death in the county, Wm. Gregg having been murdered by the Indians some years before. Upon the death of her mother, and as soon as it was possible to do so, the father of little Mary placed her on a pillow, before him, on horseback, and carried her on this little bed, through swamps and forests, over hills and mountains, across creeks and rivers, hundreds of miles, to kind friends and relatives in dear old Tennessee, where she was reared, grew to womanhood, married, and died. The entire female population of the Big bottom, came to see, and to kiss, and to bless little Mary, ere she was handed up to her papa, to be placed in her little bed, preparatory to starting on her long and perilous journey. As Mr. Ish rode away and left the settlement, many a prayer went up that the Great Father of all would take into his care and keeping little Mary and her earthly father, and bring them in safety to their destination. And he did.

Mr. Ish also states that the first physician in the township was Dr. Watt, from Edinburgh, Scotland, who came in the year 1817 or 1818, and lived in the family of Jacob Ish for about one year. The first ministers were Keeney and Nowlin, in 1817, and religious services were held at the residence of Capt. " Billy " Job. The first school taught was by Wm. D. Hampton, in the year 1818, in a litde log house, built by the settlers m the same year. About fifteen or twenty scholars attended this school, and paid $1 .50 a month each for their tuition. Mr. Hampton died in 1844.

Mrs. Rachel D. Huff", one of the oldest pioneers now living in the county, states that her father, Wm. D. Hampton, Capt. Wm. Job, and Bartlett Gwinn, all from east Tennessee, were the first settlers in her part of this township. They came in 1818. Hosea Hampton, Edwin Hicks, and the family of Thos. Allen came up the river in a keel-boat, in the fall of 1819, landed at Old Chariton, and settled in the Big bottom. Hosea Hampton lived in the Big bottom until 1822, when he removed to section 16, township 52, range 19. (See Big bottom history.)

mony. Mrs. Huff was herself married, in 1831, to her husband, Wm. Huff. The first male child born was Wm. Gwinn, son of Ormand and Lavinia, in 1819. The death of Lewis Foster, in 1819, was the first in the settlement. Rev. Nowlin was the first minister, and, conducted the first religious services, at the house of Capt. Billy Job.

Mrs. Huflf stiU retains a vivid recollection of the " sickly fall," of 1820, when every man, woman, and child in the settlement, but one man, was sick with chills and fever. They did not know how to treat the disease, and had no medicine if they had known. During the winter of 1819-20, some families suffered for want of food and clothing, and one family, Mrs. Huff says, was almost entirely destitute of clothing during the entire winter.

Judge R. C. Land, who resides two and a half miles west of Cambridge, says that the first settlers in his neighborhood, of whom he has knowledge, were Zura Pulliam, R. Y. Thompson, Thos. Shackelford, the Gwinns, and Huffs, Wm. Smith, Col. B. F. Chambers, R. C. Land, and others. Thompson and Shackelford were from Kentucky; the Huffs froni Tennessee; Smith and Land from Virginia; Chambers from Pennsylvania.