Orangeburg County, South Carolina - The whole text, 1898 (part 1 of 9)

Respectfully Dedicated

It is a remarkable fact that very many persons are prone to study the history of every other country, while totally neglecting that of their own country; and yet the study of local history is one of the most delightful of studies.

The State of South Carolina, in historic interest, stands among the very first of our States; but, nevertheless, the numerous valuable historical works on South Carolina have long since passed out of print because of the lack of interest manifested in them, and many people in this State to-day accept as history the false writings of uninformed partisan writers, and, what is worse, permit their children to be taught these falsehoods as truths.

Orangeburg County is rich in historic treasures, and although a few of these treasures have been collected and given to us in several works on South Carolina, they are still out of the reach of the average reader, on account of the scarcity of these works to-day. It is my purpose to present in these pages the various extracts pertaining to Orangeburg, from several of the works referred to above, and. in addition, to give much history of Orangeburg County that has never before been published, including the record of marriages, births and deaths, kept by Rev. John Ulrick Giessendanner and his successor. Rev. John Uiessendanner, from 1737 to 1761.

Some may think that I have gone too much into detail, and that I have put in much that might have heen left out; but this work is not prepared "for the use of schools", but according to the approved style of purely local histories, and I can only add, in the words of Dr. Eamsay, in his History of South Carolina, that, "Every day that minute local histories of these states are deferred is an injury to posterity, for by means thereof more of that knowledge which ought to be transmitted to them^will be irrecoverably lost,"

Tn preparing this work J have fieely consulted, Ramsay's History of South Carolina and his History of the Revolution in South Carolina; three editions of Simms's History of South Carolina, his Geography of South Carolina, his South Carolina in the Revolutionary War, and his novel "The Forayers"; Howe's History of the Presbyterian Church in South Carolina; Dalcho's History of the Protestant Episcopal Church in South Carolina; Col. Henry Lee's Memoirs of the War in the Southern Department; Moultrie's Memoirs; Drayton's Memoirs; Drayton's View of South Carolina; Johnson's Traditions of the Revolution; O'Neall's Bench and Bar of South Carolina, and his Annals of Newberry District; Carroll's Historical Collections of South Carolina; B. F. Perry's Sketches; Gibbes's Documentary Histories; Collections of the South Carolina Historical Society; Logan's History of the Upper Country of South Carolina; Mills's Statistics of South Carolina; Industrial Resources of South Carolina (Vol. Ill); Thomas's History of the South Carolina Military Academy; La Borde's History of the South Carolina College; Tarleton Brown's Memoirs; a pamphlet on the P\)rmation of Judicial and Political Sub- Divisions in South Carolina, by J. P. Thomas, Jr.; a pamphlet entitled "The Names, as far as can be ascer- tained, of the Officers who served in the South Carolina Regiments on the Continental Establishment, of the Officers who served in the Militia, of what troops were upon the Continental Establishment, and what Militia Organizations served", by Gen. Wilmot G. De Saussure; the Statutes of South Carolina; the files of various old South Carolina newspapers in the Charleston Librar}^, dating as far back as 1732; the public records in the offices of Register of Mesne Conveyance and Judge of Probate of Charleston, dating back to 1700; those in the office of the Secretary of State at Columbia, dating back to 1682; and numerous old deeds, grants, letters, &c. &c.

I have, perhaps, quoted rather freely from the "History of the German Settlements and of the Lutheran Church in North and South Carolina", by Rev. G. D. Bernheim, D. D.; but what Dr. Bernheim h^s written is too important to be left out of a work on Orangeburg. He has gone deeper into the history of one of the most important elements of our population, the German settlers, than any other of our historians; and if I had spent years in making researches, in the end, I could not have improved upon Dr. Bernheim's observations, although I have been able to make additions here and there to what he has written.

I am also under obligations, for valuable assistance, to Rev. A. E. Cornish, Librarian of the Episcopal Library in Charleston; Langdon Cheves, Esq., of Charleston; Henry F. Jennings, Esq., of Columbia; Mr. W. W. Culler, of Orangeburg County; Mr. Yates Snowden, of the News and Courier; and my grandfather, Mr. C. M. McMichael, of Orangeburg. From my grandfather, the late Dr. A. S. Salley, I also received valuable information and suggestions.

Introduction

There have existed in South Carolina various territorial divisions. There have been counties, parishes, townships, districts or precincts, election districts and judicial districts. Landgrave Joseph Morton became governor of South Carolina in 1682, and one of the first measures required of him was the division of the inhabited portion of the province into three counties. (Order of Proprietors, Maj- 10, 1682.) Berkeley, embracing Charles Town, extended from Sewee on the North to Stono Creek on the South; beyond this to the northward was Craven County, and to the southward Colleton. Shortly afterw^ards Cartaret County was added to the number. This County included the country around Port Royal; later, about 1708, it was called Granville County.

The territory now embraced within Orangeburg County formed parts of Berkeley and Colleton. That part of Orangeburg East of the Edisto river, with the exception of a narrow strip along that river southward from a point a few miles below the city of Orangeliurg, was in Berkeley County, and that part West of the Edisto. together with the above mentioned strip, was in Colleton. In 1704, an Act was passed creating parishes within the several counties. In Berkeley County six parishes were established, but none of them included any territory no\v embraced by Orangeburg Connty. In 1706 two parishes were established in ('Olleton County, but did not likewise include an}' of the territory now eml^raced l)y Orangeburg County.

In 1780, by royal authority, eleven townships were laid otf in square plats on the sides of rivers in South Carolina, each containing 20,000 acres. Thev were designed to encourage settlements, and the plan was that each township should eventually become a parish. When their population increased to one hundred families, they were to have the right to send two members to the General Assembly. Of these eleven townships two were laid off on the Santee, (or more properly on the Congaree, a l)ninch of the Sjintee, and the Santee), one on the Pon Pon, (Edisto), and one on the Savannah, opposite to the present site of .Augusta. These were Amelia, so called probably after the Princess Amelia; the township that was at first called Congaree, but which was called Saxe-Gotha by Governor Broughton in 1736; the township that was at first called Edisto, but after its settlement by the Germans, Swiss and Dutch in 1735 was called Orangeburgh, presumably in honor of William of Orange; and New Windsor.

In 1765, the townships of Amelia and Orangeburgh were erected into St. Matthew's Pai-ish by the following Act of the General Assembly of the Province of South Carolina: (Statutes of S. C. Vol. IV., page 230.)

{No. Mi.) "AN ACT for establishing a Parish in. Berkley County, by the name of St. Matthew, and for declaring the road therein mentioned to be a public road.

'-WHEREAS, several inhal)itants of the said county, by their petition to the General Assembly, have represented many inconveniences which they are under for want of having a parish laid out and established in the said county, contiguous to and including Amelia township, and prayed that a law may be passed for that purpose: we therefore luinjbly pray his most sacred Majesty that it may l)e enacted.

"1. A/t(l he if I'lKirfed. by the Honorable William Bull, Esq., Lieutenant (Jovernor and Commander-inchief in and over the Province of Soutii Caiolina.

by and with the advice and consent of his Majesty's Council and the Commons House of Assembly of the said Province, and b}^ the authority of the same, That immediately from and after the passing of this Act, a parish shall be laid out and established in Berkley county aforesaid, in the following manner, that is to say, by running a line from the plantation of Garrard Nelson on Santee River, inclusive, to the place where the new road leading from the plantation of Tacitus (ialliard, Esq. to the road leading from Charlestown to Orangeburgh. intersects the line that divides the parish of St. George Dorchester from St. James Goose Creek, and from thence to continue on the said line until it intersects the Four Hole Creek the second time, thence following the said Creek till it intersects the south east bounds of Oi*angeburgh township, and from thence along the bounds of the said township to the southward, and where that line reaches Edisto River, up the course of the said river until the north west boundary of the said tow^nship, from the River a north east course along the line of the township until it joins the south west bounds of Amelia township, and from thence a north east course till it reaches Beaver Creek; and that the said parish shall hereaftei' be called and known by the name of vSt. Matthew, and the inhabitants thereof shall and may have. use. exercise and enjoy all the rights, privileges and immunities that the inhabitants of any other parish do or can use. exercise or enjoy 1)y the laws of this Pi'ovince.

''II. Afid he if (ilxo n/(f(i('(l hy the authority aforesaid. That a chuich, chapel and parsonage house shall be built at such places within the bounds of the said parish, as the major part of the commissioners hei'eafter named, shall oi'der and direct; and also, that a chapel shall be built at such [)lace within the bounds

''III. And be it aho eHacfcfl by the authority aforesaid, That the rector or minister of the said parish for the time being, shall officiate in the said church and chapels alternately, and shall be elected and chosen in the same manner as the rectors or ministers of the several other parishes in this Province are elected and chosen, and shall have yearly paid to him and his successors forever, the same salary as is appointed for the rector or minister of any other parish in this Province, (the parishes of St. Philip and St. Michael excepted,) out of the fund appropriated or to be appropriated for payment of the salaries of the clergy in this Province; and the public treasurer for the time being is hereby authorized and required to pay the same, under the like penalties and forfeitures as for not paying the salaries due to the other rectors or ministers of the several other parishes in this Province; and the said rector or minister of the said parish shall have and enjoy all and every such privileges and advantages, and be under such rules, laws and restrictions, as the rectors or ministers of the other parishes in this Province have and enjoy, or are subject and liable unto.

-'IV. .ind he it enacted by the authority aforesaid. That Colonel Moses Thompson, Col. William Thompson, William Heatly, Thomas Piatt, Tacitus Galliard. Timothy Dargon, Robert Whitten. William Find, John Burdell, Christopher Coullett and John Oliver, be, and they are hereby appointed, commissioners or supervisors for the building of the church, chapel and parsonage house in the said parish of St. Matthew, exclusive of that pai't of the ))arish called Orangebnrgh Township: and that Christian Miniii<'k. (javin Powe. Captain Howe. Colonel Chevillette and John Co\an.

or a majority of* them, bo. and the}' are hereby appointed, commissioners or supervisors for building the chapel in that part of the parish called Orangeburgh Township; and they, or the major part of them, are fully authorized and im powered to purchase a glebe for the said parish, and to take subscriptions, and to receive and gathei-. collect and sue for, all such sum and sums of money as any pious and well disposed person or persons shall give and contribute for the purposes aforesaid: and in case of the death, absence or refusing to act of any of the said commissioners, the church wardens and vestry of the said parish of St. Matthew, for the tinie being, shall and may nominate and appoint another person or persons to be commissioner or commissioners in the room or place of such so dead, absent or refusing to act, as to the said church wardens and vestry shall seem meet; which commissioner or commissioners so to be nominated and appointed, shall have the same powers and authority for putting this Act into execution, to all intents and purposes, as the commissioners herein named.

"V. A nd he if also itiacied by the authority aforesaid, That the inhabitants of the said parish of St. Matthew, qualified by law for that purpose, shall choose and elect two members, and no more, to represent the said parish in General Assembly: any law, usage or custom to the contrary thereof in any wise notwithstanding; and that writs for the electing of members to serve in the General Assembly for the said parish, shall be issued in the same manner and at the same times as foithe several other i»arish(^s in this Province, accoi-ding to the directions in the Act intitled "An Act to ascertain the manner and form of electing mend)ers to represent the inhabitants of this Province in the Commons House of Assembly, and to appoint who shall be

"VI. Am/ he if further ej/arfed by the authority aforesaid, That the new road leading from the ferry of Tacitus Galliard, Escjuire, to the road leading from Charlestown to Orangeburgh, shall be. and it is hereby declared to be, a public road, and shall be worked upon and kept in repair by the inhabitants of each parish through which the said road runs, in the same manner as all the other public roads in this Province are; and that the commissioners herein before a[»- pointed shall also be commissioners of and for the said road, and all other roads in the said parish of St. Matthew, and shall have the same powers and authority as any other commissioners of the high roads in this Province have; and in case any of the said commissioners shall die or refuse to act. the remaining commissioners shall, from time to time, choose one or more commissioner or commissioners in the room of him or them so dying or refusing to act, and he or they so chosen shall have the same powers and authority as the said other commissioners.

By order of the King's Privy Council, Governor Montagu published, in the South (\iro/ina (lazette of Monday, February 29th, to Monday, March 7th, 17()S, the following proclamation annulling the above act: -"South Carolina:

-'By His Excellency the Hight Honorable, Lord diaries Greville Montagu, ('ai)tain (ieneral. aii<l (lovernor in Chief, in and over the said l^rovince. tkv. cVc.

biirnp, one of his Majesty's principal Secretaries of State, hath transmitted to me a minute of his Majestj^ in his most honorable Privy council, signifying, that an Act of the General Assembly of this Province, entitled, 'an Ad for esiablish'uui a Parish in Berkley County by the Name of St. Maftlieir, and for deelariny the road t lie rein mentioned to Ije a pnhlir Road'' ; together with a Representation from the Lords Commissioners of Trade and Plantations thereupon, having been referred to a committee of his Majesty's most honourable Privy Council for Plantation Affairs; the said Lords of the Committee had reported as their Opinion to his Majesty that the said Act ought to be repealed; and his Majesty having taken the same into Consideration, was pleased by the Advice of his Privy Council, to declare his Disallowance of the said Act; And pursuant to his Majesty's Royal Pleasure thereupon expressed, the said Act was thereby Repealed, and declared Void and of none Effect: I HAVE THEREFORE issued this my Proclamation, hereby notifying the same, and requiring all Persons whom it may concern, to take Notice and govern themselves accordingly.

GIVEN under my hand, and the great seal of the said province, at CHARLES TOWn! this 29th day of February. Anno r)omini one thousand seven hundred and sixty-eight, and in the eighth year of his Majesty's

Notwithstanding this veto theCleneral Assembly, in April following, re-enacted the same measure under the same title, with the same preamlde: fixed the same boundaries, made the same conditions as to chni'ch. chai)el and parsonage, and declared the same road mentioned in the former Act to he a public road. The only differences between the Act of 1768, which became permanent, and that of 1765, are to be found in the fourth and fifth isections of the Acts. In the fourth section of the Act of 1768 the following commissioners or supervisors were appointed for the building of the new church, chapel and parsonage house in the said parish of St. Matthew, exclusive of Orangeburgh Township: Benjamin Farrar, Col. William Thomson, William Heatly. Thomas Piatt, Tacitus (jaillard, Thomas Sabb, John Bordeil, John Caldwell, Robert Whitton, William Flood and John McNichol. For the building of a chapel in Orangeburgh Township the following commissioners were appointed: Gavin Pou. Captain Christopher Rowe, Samuel Rowe, William Young and Andrew Govan.

The fifth section differs from the same section of the former Act in that it provides for only one Representative in the Provincial Assembly instead of two, and further provides that the number of Representatives for St. James Goose Creek be reduced from four to three in consequence of this allowing of a Representative for St. Matthew's Parish. The Act is dated April 12th, 1768, and is signed by P. Manigault. Speaker, and assented to by Governor Montagu. (Stats, of S. C, Vol. IV., p. 298.f

*In 1767 (April 18th) the Legislature passed "An Act for gran til ij? to his Majesty the sum of P^igliteeii Thousand Pounds eurreiit money, to l)e paid for a general survey of tliis Province, and for appointing commissioners to enter into a written agrt-emeiit with Tacitus Gaillard, Es(i. and Mr. .James Coolv, for that purpose". iStats. of 8. ('., Vol. IV., p. 2H2. ) Whetiier this survey was made or not tlu' records do uot sliow, hut .Tames Cooii did jjuhlisii in 1771, a Tiiap of South Carolina which showed the houndarics of the districts laid off hv the Act ofl7()S.

and authorizing the holding of Courts of General Sessions and Common Pleas therein, twice a year, to sit for six days, for the trial of causes criminal and civil arising within the same, "as nearly as may be, as the Justices of Assize and Nisi Prius do in Great Britain". The third of these districts was called the "District, or Precinct, of Orangeburgh", including "all places between Savannah, Santee, Congaree and Broad Rivers, the said line from Nelson's Ferry to Matthew's Bluff, and a direct line to be run from Silver Bluff, on Savannah River, to the mouth of Rocky Creek, on Saluda River, and thence in the same course to Broad River". It w^as not, however, until 1789 that these Courts were given complete and equal jurisdiction with the Courts at Charleston, and writs and process made returnable to them and not to the Court at Charleston, A Clerk and a Sheriff was allowed to each district. It will be observed that this, the original District of Orangeburgh, contained all of the present Counties of Orangeburg, Barnwell, Bamberg and Lexington, (and Calhoun *'in futuro") and the larger part of Aiken. (All save the present townships of Shultz, Hammond, Gregg, Shaw and Ward.) It included the whole of the townships of Orangeburgh, Amelia and Saxe-Gotha, and a part of New Windsor.

In March, 1778, the Township of Orangeburgh was erected into a parish called Orange, b}^ the following Act of the State Legislature: (Statutes of S. C, Vol. IV., pp. 40S-9.)

{No. 1072.) "AN ACT for dividing the Township of Orangeburgh from the Parish of St. Matthews, into a separate Parish, by the name of Orange Parish, and for the other purposes therein mentioned.

-'WHEREAS, the inha))itants of Orangeburgh Township were, by an Act of the General Assembly passed on the twelfth day of April, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and sixty eight, in<'luded in the Parish of St. Matthew, wherehy the said inhabitants have sustained many inconveniences, which still subsist; for remedy whereof,

"I. Be it enacted by his Excellency Rawlins Lowndes, Esq., President and Commander-in-chief in and over the State of South Carolina, by the honorable the Legislative Council and General Assembly of the said State, and by the authority of the same, That the dividing line between the district of Charlestown and Orangeburgh shall henceforth be the dividing line between the Township of Orangeburgh and the parishes of St. Matthew, St. John's Berkley county. St. James Goose Creek and St. George Dorchester; and from the said Charlestown district line the Four Hole Creek, as far as the line that divides Amelia Township and Orangeburgh District, following the said line to the north-west boundary line of the said Township, shall be the dividing line between St. Matthew's parish and the township of Orangeburgh; and that the inhabitants residing on and between the said Charlestown district line and the north-west bounding of Amelia township, and on and between the said district line and Santee River, be hereafter deemed and known in law to be the inhal)itants of St. Matthew's Parish; and the inhabitants being and residing on and l»etween the said Charlestown district line, iind the north-west bounding line of Orangeburgh township, and between the Four Hole Creek and the line that divides the townships of Orangeburgh and A?nelia, and Pon Pon River, be hereafter deemed and known in law to be the inhabitants of Orange Parish.

'TI. AikI he if fHiflii'r eiKirfeil by the authority aforesaid. That the inhabitants of St. Matthew's Parish, being qualified as by law directed, shall (dioose three meml)ers to represent them in Genei'al Assembly: and the iuhabitants of Orange Parish, qualified as aforesaid, shall choose three members to represent them in the General Assembly; and that writs for the election of members for the General Assembly shall be issued in the same manner and at the same time as writs have been and shall be issued for the other parishes and distiicts in this State.

"III. And he it further enacted by the authority aforesaid. That Thomas Wild, John Robinson, Henry Rickinbacker. James Carmichael, Jacob Woolf, Jr., Henry Felder, Jr., Andrew Frederick, John Claytoii and Peter Moorer, Sr. l>e, and they are hereby appointed, commissioners for keeping in repair the Public Road from the above said north-west boundary line of Orangeburgh township to the place where the said road crosses Charlestovvn district line, and that they shall have the same powers and authorities as any other commissioners of the high roads in this State may or can exercise and enjoy; and in case any of the said commissioners shall die or refuse to act, the remaining commissioners shall from time tO time choose one or more commissioner or comnjissioners, in the room of him or them so dying or refusing to act, and he or they so chosen, shall have the same power and authority as the other commissioners have; any law, usage or custom to the contrary notwithstanding.

TIk' rotul rt'tiTred to in tlio Inst section of the above Act is the road now know II as tlie Bull Swamp roatl altove Oraiiiivhura', as lirouglitoii Stri'et ill the city <>!' Oraiiiicliiira-, ami as the olil Charleston road Iti'Iow Oranirehufii.

tricts and counties, and that County Courts should be established. Accordingly in 1783 (March 16th.) the Legislature, concluding that it was "necessary to divide this State into counties of a convenient size, in order to the establishment of courts of inferior jurisdiction",* passed "An Ordinance for appointing Commissioners in each of the Circuit Court Districts, for dividing the same into Counties". Under the Ordinance commissioners were appointed in each of the several districts and "empowered and directed to lay off and divide" their respective districts "into counties of a convenient size, of not more than forty miles square, unless where the number of inhabitants and situation of the lands" required some deviation: were required to "recommend a proper place as nearly central as possible in each of the said counties, for erecting court houses and goals", and were required to "make report thereof to the first session of the General Assembly", held after the last day of December following. The following were the commissioners appointed to divide Orangeburgh District: William Arthur, George Robinson, William Thomson, John Parkinson, George Rennarson, Charles Middleton and Uriah Goodwyn. They were "authorized and impovvered at the public expense to employ surveyors", where they deemed it "absolutely necessary", "to fix and ascertain the boundary lines of each district or county respectively". (Stats, of S. C, Vol. IV., p. 5()1.)

Following this Ordinance, the Legislature, on March 12th, 17S5. passed "An Act for hiyiiig off the seveial (V)unties therein mentioned, and api)ointiiig Commissioners to erect the Public lUiildings". The following clause of the Act concerns Orangeburgh District: "The district of Orangeburgh shall be divided into four counties, viz: beginning at the boundary line of Charleston district, in Four Hole swamp, thence along the main branch to the head, from thence northwest 25° to Beaver creek, and thence along the same to the Congaree, thence down Santee to Neilson's ferry, then(;e along Charleston district line to the beginning, and shall be called by the name of Lew^isburgh county; one other county, beginning at the corner of Lewisburgh county line, in the Four Hole swamp, thence along the said line to Beaver creek, thence southwest 54° to the road leading from Orangeburgh to Ninety- Six, in the fork of Edisto river, thence south to the head of Little Saltketcher, thence down the said Saltketcher to the district line, thence to the beginning, and shall be called by the name of Orange county; one other county, beginning at the mouth of Beaver creek, thence along the line of Orange county, thence southwest 54° to the road leading from Orangeburgh to Ninety-Six, thence along the road to the district line, thence along the said line to Saluda river, thence along Union county* line to Broad river, thence down the same and Congaree river to the beginning, and be called by the name of Lexington county; one other county, beginning on the Little Saltketcher swamp, at the corner of Orange county line, thence along the district line to Savannah river, thence up the same to the district line, thence along the said line to the south, branch of Edisto, thence down the same to Tyler's ferry, thence a direct line to the Saltketchers, where the line of Beaufort district intersects, to Orange county line, thence south to the head of Little Saltketcher, thence down the same to the beginning, and shall be called Winton county". The justices of the several counties were authorized to erect and keep in good repair, within each of their respective counties^ and at the charge of such county, "one good and convenient court-house, with necessary jury rooms, and one good and sufficient county gaol, of such materials, workmanship, size and dimensions", as they should order and appoint, "together with a pillory, whipping post and stocks". The justices were empowed "to purchase, or receive by donation, two acres of land whereon to erect the said county buildings, for the use of such county, and for no other use whatsoever". A failure on the part of the justices of the county to have erected and kept in good and sufficient repair, "a court house, prison, pillory and stocks" would subject every justice so failing to a fine of two hundred pounds, to be recovered by action of debt, one half to go to the treasurers for the time being, for the use of the county, and the other half to the person who should inform and sue for the same in the Court of Com moo Pleas. The justices were given full power "to levy and assess an annual tax on the taxable property of the several inhabitants within the respective counties, for building the court houses, prisons, pillories, whipping posts and stocks", and they wei'e required to put the public buildings in the most convenient part of each county. (Stats, of S. C, Vol. IV.. p. 601. et seq.)

In 1790 a convention of the people of South Carolina met in Columbia to establish a constitution for the government of the State conformably to the princiides of the Constitution of the United States., 'I'he Constitution of 1790 was the work of that Convention, "'it constituted the organic law of the State until ISG."). It vested legislative authority in a Senate and a House of Representatives. Piepresentation in the (ieneral Assemblv was accorded to certain su))-divisions. wliicli were called 'Election Districts.' These election districts comprised nearly all of the old parishes and many of the counties which had been laid off in 1785 for the County Court establishment. Those parts of the State in which County Courts had not been established retained for the most part their parish divisions for representative purposes, and in the other parts of the State the election districts corresponded in name and territory, in most instances, with the counties." The County of Lexington, however, was the Election District of Saxe-Gotha until 1852 when it was changed to the Election District of Lexington, and, in the course of time, the Election District of Win ton became known as the Election District of Barnwell.

"When the Constitution of 1790 was adopted, it provided that the judicial power of the State should be vested in such Supeiior and Inferior Courts as the Legislature might establish. Accordingly, in 1791, an Act was passed to amend the Acts regulating the Circuit Courts in the State. This Act created two new Judicial Districts, namely: Pinckney and Washington, making in all nine districts, instead of seven as formerly. The Districts were laid off anew." Orangeburgh District "included all places between the Savannah, Santee, Congaree and Broad Rivers, the said line from Nelson's Ferry to Matthew's Bluff, and direct line to be run from Silver Bluff, on the Savannah River, to the mouth of Rocky Creek on Saluda River, and thence in the same courses to Broad River." It will be noticed that the district remained exactly the same as when first laid off' in 1768.

"In 1798, an Act was passed to establish a uniform and more convenient system of judicature. This Act provided for the holding of District or Circuit Courts in many of the Counties of the State, and in those Districts of. the State wherein Countv Courts had not been established, and provided for the arrangement of those Courts into several circuits or ridings. The twenty-four Districts created by this Act were known as Judicial Districts, in contradistinction to the Election Districts of the State. These Judicial Districts, in some instances, covered the same territoi-y as the Election District," In others they differed. In Orangeburgh they differed. In some instances, although the Judicial and Election Districts were identical in territor}^ yet they had different names. Lexington District, for instance, was for man}^ years represented in the Legislature as Saxe-Gotha. One of the Judicial Districts so created was Barnwell, which included "that part of the former District of Orangeburg as is included between South Edisto and Savannah Rivers". Orangeburgh District included all of the former District save Barnwell.

"The next changes to be noted were made by the Constitution of 1865. There had always been a struggle in the State to make the Judicial and Election Districts the same in fact as well as in name, and, as has been mentioned, the names of some of the Election Districts were changed to correspond with the Judicial Districts. The Constitution of 1865 nearh ended the contest, for by its provisions every Judicial District in the State, with one exception, was made an Election District". (This exception was in the case of the District of Charleston, the provision for that District being that it should "consist of two Election Districts, one comprising the Parishes of St. Philip's and St. Michael's, to be known as the Election District of Charleston, the other comprising the remainder of the Judicial District, to be known as the Election District of Berkclev.") "Vnder the anthoritv of this Con- stitution. District Courts for each District were established with a certain limited jurisdiction. They lasted until the Constitution of 1868 was adopted. The number of Representatives, and the method of appointment, prescribed by the Constitution of 1865 were the same as provided in the Constitution of 1790 and in the amend nients theieto. Until an apportionment should be made upon a new enumeration, it was provided that the representation of the several Election Districts should continue as heretofore.

"The Constitution of 1868 made all Judicial Districts Counties, and declared each County an Election District." (The old Election District of Berkeley was absorbed into Charleston County.)

Having discussed the various political divisions and sub-divisions of Orangeburg County from the earliest time, next we discuss the history of the people of that County. But before proceeding, a word as to spelling. It will be observed that the apostrophe before the possessive "s"' has been dropped in late years from the name St. Matthew's, and it is now written St. Matthews. The "h" has also been dropped from Orangeburgh in late years. For our purposes we shall use the *'h" up to the year 1868 when the Districts were abolished and Counties established in their stead. Charleston will be spelt "Charlestown" whenever its Colonial or Revolutionary history is mentioned, as it was so spelt in Colonial and Revolutionary days. The spelling, capitalization, abbreviation and punctuation of all ([noted matters will be given as in the oi'iginal.

Chapter The First Settlers

Probably the first settlement made by a white person in the territory now embraced by the County of Orangeburg was made on what is now known as Lyons Creek, in 1704, by Henry Sterling, who is supposed to have been an Indian trader. Prior to 1735 but fewwhite inhabitants had settled in this section, and these were mostly English, Scotch and Irish.

Dr. Alexander Hewat, in his History of South Carolina, (Carroll's Historical Collections of S. C, Vol. I., p. 207.) says that in 1716, as a precaution against the incursions of the Yemassee Indians, a small fort was erected on the Congaree in Berkeley County; and the Journal of Council of January 20, 1720, says: "Since the Indian war have been obliged to maintain the following Garrisons - viz: at the Congarees 130 miles N from Charles Town a captain and 20 men" &c., &c. This fort was a little below the present site of Columbia, but on the opposite side of the river, as is shown by a map in the first volume of Carroll's Historical Collections of South ('arolina.

In the tenth chapter of Logan's History of Upper South Carolina the following account is ^iven of the establishment of this fort: ''No direct mention is made in the State records of a tiaffic with the Cherokees, previous to the assumption of the management of the peltry trade by the public authorities of the province in 1716. In that year it is stated thfit goods ha<l lieen sent up l)y order of the Assembly for their use. This was done in compliance with a sort of commercial treaty, formed at this period, with the Cherokees through the diplomacy, on the one side, of Col. James Mooi-e, and of Charite Hayge, a distinguished conjurer and friend of the English, on the other. It was stipulated that there should be a regular exchange of goods and peltries between Charleston and the Nation. ******

"It was also agreed that a trading house and fort should be built the approaching fall, at a place known as the Congarees, the Conjurer promising to repair thither, at that time, with eighty warriors - one half of w^iom were to assist in cutting logs for the fort, and the other to carry the goods, expected to be brought up by the English that far, the remainder of the distance to the Cherokee towns.

"Though Fort Moore, and the one beyond the Savannah, were built in 1716, that at the Congarees, contrary to the agreement with Charite Hayge, was not erected till two years later. The reason assigned by the Board for deferring the work was. that the tradinghouse and garrison at Savannah Town were sufficient for the trade until the Cheiokees had concluded the war they were at that time waging with a branch of the Muscogees.

"Hewit remarks of this fort that with the others it was erected for the special purpose of defence and against the same dangeis. If the records must be credited, however, it would ajjpear that the Cherokees themselve.s requested that it should be l)uilt in view of theii' inci'easing traffic with the English: and it was in compliance with that request, and the enlarged demands of the trade, that in the summer of ITlS a body of men was sent up fmm Charleston to be employed in its construction.

"In August of that 3^ear, Capt. Charles Russell.* who, at the recommendation of the Board, had been appointed by the governor the Hrst commandant of the fort, was ordered to proceed to the country, and there enlist the men who were to constitute its garrison as soon as it should be completed. Among those who were thus enlisted for this service, were Ralph Dayton, John Evans, and Edward Darlsley, the lirst soldiers who ever did duty in the old fort at the Congai'ees.

"We have before us an extract from the instructions given by the Board to one Dauge, an assistant agent among 'the Cherokees, in relation to the public work at Congarees:

"'You are to proceed at once to the Cherokee Nation, and, on your arrival, inform the Conjurer and other head-men that, in a month or six weeks, we shall have a settlement at the Congarees, to which place they may resort, and procure whatever goods they may need; that we would have built the fort eaHier than this, if some of our people had not run away with the boat w^hich had been prepared to carry up the men and implements necessat-y for its construction. Inform the Conjurer also, that we expect him to hasten down in order to meet at the Congarees with a supply of provisions, the train of pack horses. which is now on its way with the men and tools to be employed on the fort, and with a quantity of ammunition for the Cherokee's.'

"In the fall of the previous year, 1717, the Board had said to a trader just setting off for the Nation: "Acquainst Charite Hay^e that our new (Jovernor Johnson has arrived, and we will speedily fix a garri-

'"Samuel Kinsman was the head carpenter, who executed the work, and was paid nine pounds per month for his services. As this fortress was designed simply as a safeguard for the g.oods and other property belonging to the trade, accumulated here, it was of no more formidable construction than a common stockade inclosure.

"The name was derived from the Congaree Indians, in whose settlement it had been built. It stood on or near the site occupied, in after-years, by old Fort, St. John's, a short distance above the mouth of Congaree Creek, near the present City of Columbia. Here was once the great centre of trade for the Catawbas, and Middle and Lower Cherokees. The Over-hills traded chiefly at Sa,vannah Town.

"At this period. Savannah Town and the Conga^rees often presented scenes more boisterous and busy than many a commercial town of the prpsent. with far more pretention in situation and trade. On their outskirts are; encamped numerous caravans of pack-trains, with their roistering drivers, who are mostly mischievous boys. The smoke from a hundred camp-fires curl above the thick tops of the trees, and the woods resound with the neighing of horses, and the barking and howling of hungry Indian dogs. A large supply of g<n)i]f has arrived from Charleston, and, every pack-i saddle came down from the Nation loaded with skins and furs, and tliese being now displayed to the best advantage, the woi'k of barter begins. | ,

"in the open ;tir and in the trading-house are congregated a motley assembly of pack-horsemen, traders, hunters, squaws, children, soldiers, and stately Indian warriors - some silent and grave, seemingly unin- terested in the scene; but the greater number loudly huxtering, and obstinately contending over their respective commodities in trade, in many barbarous tongues,

"The hunters from distant wilds want a supply of powder and ball, each squaw fancies some bright-colored fabric for a new petticoat or dress, while the warriors and old men eagerly demand guns, ammunition and blankets.

"The clamor begins, however, presently to subside, and at length the last bargain has been struck, and the goods and peltries have alike changed hands. The packs are once more made up; the goods for the Indian towns, and the skins for the market on the seaboard, and everything is again ready for the trail. The boys crack their whips, and with shouts and halloos that make the forests ring, the trains enter the narrow paths, and are soon far on their way, leaving the garrisons and agents of the posts to the dull monotony of the wilderness till their next visit."

About 1719 Richard Heatly, ''of Berkley County planter," and his wife Mary,* moved from Cooper river to Santee, (within the present County of Orangeburg) and their son William is said to have been the first white child born in this section. Richard Heatly died a few years later, and his widow married Captain Charles Russell, J. P., commandant of the Congaree garrison. Captain Russell's family, together with the families of other meml)ers of the garrison, became permanent settlers in this section. Captain Russell died in 1737. He is mentioned in the Statutes of South Carolina for 1784 (Vol. ill., p. 391) as captain of rangeis. from which we infer that the fort had been abolished and rangers substituted in its stead. We find, as an item of the expenditures of the Province in 1736-7: 'Mar}' Russell, widow, in full for her husband's services as agent, &c. 124 00 00"; from which we take it that from an Indian fighter Captain Russell became an Indian agent, and the following item on the same account probably refers also to him: "To so much allowed for the pa3'ment of two men who went up with Major Russell, to be lodged in the hands of the Treasurer, to be paid on proper application, at the rate of £20 per month each.*' On April 13, 1739, a grant of land was made to Mrs. Mary Russell, "wife of Charles Ru>;sell.'" in trust for her children. The land was situated at or near McCord's Ferry, between the Congaree and Wateree rivers, in Craven County, "over the Congaree" from Amelia Township. It was surveyed Deer. 10. 1741, by George Haig, Deputy Surveyor-General. Mrs. Russell died Jan. 5, 1754, and was buried at her plantation, and the Rev. John Giessendanner in recording her burial states that she had lived in the township (Amelia) twenty-six years.

About 1730 Moses Thomson, with his family and his connections, the Maxwells and Powells, moved into Amelia Township from Pennsylvania. Dr. Joseph Johnson, in his "Traditions of the Revolution", says that the Thomsons were Irish people from Pennsylvania. A member of this family, William Thomson, married Eugenia, daughter of Capt. Charles Russell, and John McCord, a member of another of the families early settled in this section, married her sister, Sophianisba Russell. From these three early Orangeburgli families. Russells. Thomsons and McCoi'ds. descended many people who have l)ecome [ii-ominent in the history of South Carolina. Among their descendants we find the names Thomson, McCord. Heatly, Hart, Taber. Rhett, Haskell, Cheves. Darby. Sinkler, Goodwyn.

A leading spirit in this section ahout 1787 was Major Christian Motte. He is mentioned in old records of that day as being present at njarriage ceremonies at Orangeburgli, and the Statutes show that he was, in 1738, an Inquirer and Collector of taxes for the parish of St. John's, Berkeley. He probably collected the taxes for the townships of Amelia and Orangeburgh, as those townships were nearest to St. John's. It is not likely that he remained in this section, as no records have been found to show that he became a permanent settler in this section, and an extract from the Sonih Carolina Gazette of January 25 - 29, 1741, seems to indicate that he then lived in Charlestown. The extract referred to is an advertisement of a wonderful medicine that was "guaranteed to cure or no money taken", and reads as follows: "To be had of John Lax Indian Doctor at Col: Saunders plantation at Cypress swamp or of Major Christian Mote in Charles Town a Decoction" &c., &c. This name must not be confounded with Ft. Motte, for that place obtained its name from Col. Isaac Motte and his heroic wife, Rebecca, who were well known in Charlestown subsequent to this, and who owMied a plantation in St. Matthew's Parish, the house of which was seized and garrisoned as a fort by the British during the Revolution, and hence the name Fort Motte.

Probably the first settler in the vicinity of wdiere the present town of Orangeburg is located was John Hearn, (pronounced Harn) who lived just below where Orangeburg nov^^ stands as early as 1782. His plantation contained iive hundred acres of land and embraced lands now or lately belonging to Messrs Jolin H. Dukes, A. L. Dukes, (i. W. Brunson. and Mrs. Alary Huiihes. The followino- certificate of admeasurement.

"By virtue of a warrant from his Exceilency, Robert Johnson, Esqr. Governor. &c., Bearing date the 2Sth, day of November 1732. and a precept thereon to me directed by James St. John Esqr. his Majesties Surveyor General of the said province of South Carolina bearin.tr date the 18th, day of December 1732. I have admeasured and sett out unto John Hearne of Colleton County Planter a Plantation or Tract of Land Containing five Hundred acres where he now lives Sit?uate in Colleton lying and being part of the land reserved for the Inhabitants within the Township of Edisto Butting and Bounding to the South Westward on pon pon river to the Northwest on twenty thousand acres of land laid out for the said Township to the Northeastward and Southeastward on land reserved for the Inhabitants of the said Township and hath such form and uiarks as are represented in the above delineated plat certified the twentieth Day of September anno domini 1733 Per me.

"TO ALL to whom these presents shall come Greeting, Know Ye that we of our special grace certain knowledge and meer motion Have given and granted and by the presents for Us Oui' Heirs and Successors Do give and grant unto Mr. John Hearn his Heirs and assigns all that parcel or tract of land containing five hundred acres situate l3'ing and being in Colleton County in the province aforesaid butting and bounding to the South Westward on pon pon Kiver to the North westward on twenty thousand acres of land laid out for the said Township to the North eastward and South eastward on land reserved for the Inhabitants of the said Township and hath such shape form and marks as appears by a plat thereof hereunto annexed together with all woods underwoods timber and timber Trees lakes ponds fishings watei's w^ater courses profits commodities appurtenances and hereditaments whatsoever thereunto belonging or in any wise appertaining together with privileges of hunting hawking and fowling in and upon the same and all mines and minerals whatsoever saving and reserving nevertheless to us our heirs and successors all w hite pine trees if any there should be found growing thereon and also saving and reserving to us our heirs and Successors one tenth part of mines of silver and gold onely TO HAVE AND TO HOLD the said tract of five hundred acres of land and all and singular other the premises hereby granted with the appurtenances unto the said John Hearn his heirs and assigns for ever an free and Common Soccage he the said John Hearn his heirs and assigns Yielding And Paying therefore unto us Our heirs and Successors or to our Receiver General for the time being or to his Deputy or Deputies for the time being Yearly that is to sa}^ on every twenty fifth daj' of March at the rate of three Shillings sterling or four shillings Proclamation money for every hundred acres and so in proportion according to the quantity of acres contained herein the same to grow due and be accounted for frou) the date hereof Provided Always and this present diiant is upon condition Nevertheless that he the said John Hearn his heirs and assions shall and do within three vears next after the date of these presents clear and cultivate at the rate of one acre for every five hundred acres of land and so in proportion according to the quantity of acres herein contained or build a dwelling House thereon, and keep a Stock of five head of cattle for every five hundred acres upon the same and in proportion for a greater or lesser quantity.

AND UPON CONDITION that if the said rent hereby reserved shall happen to be in arrear and unpaid for the space of three years from the time it became due and no distress can be found on the said lands tenements and hereditaments hereby granted that then and in such case the said lands tenements and hereditaments hereby granted and every part and parcel thereof shall revert to us Our heirs and Successors as fully and absolutely as if the same had never been granted.

"Given under the Great Seal of Our Said Province Witness Thomas Broughton Esqi'. Our Lieutenant Governor of our said Province of South Carolina the twelfth day of May in the Eighth year of Our Reign and in the year of Our Lord One Thousand seven hundred and thirty-five.

"Thomas (Seal) Broughton," "And hath thereunto annexed ] Signed by the Hona plat Representing the I ble. Thomas Broughsame tract of land certified [ ton Esqr. Lieut. Govr. by James St. John Surveyr. fin Council. Genl the 20th. September | J. Badenhop, 1733. j C, C."

The foregoing deed was recorded May 28th, 1735. In the t^oath Carolina Gazette of June 25, 1753 this place is advertised for sale as follows:

"100 acres in the limits of Orangehnrgh Township, b. & b. to N. E. on lands laid out to John Strutzenerker, to N. W. on land belonging to John Hearne S. W. on Ponpon S. E. on land laid out to Henry Wuester, one town-lot N. 253."

Another of the early settlers of Oratigeburgh Township was Henry Salley, who settled in the township about 1735, as will be seen by the following eertiticate of measurement for a grant of land, and a subsequent conveyance of the same: "So. Carolina.

"Pursuant to a precept under the hand & seal of James St. John Esq His Majesty's Sur. Genl I have admeasured & laid out unto Henry Zaley a tract of Land in Orangeburgh Township in Berkeley County containing Two hundred acres Butting &: Bounding to the S. W. on Pon Pon River to the N. E. on land not laid out; to the S. E. on land laid out unto Jacob Twyther & to the N. W. on land laid out to Barbara Hatcher & also one Town Lot in Orangeburgh, containing one half of an acre; Known on the grand plat of the si Town by the number one hundred & 6S: Butting & Bounding to the S. W. on 165 laid out to Hans Deitricks Jun£ to the N. E. on a Street; to the S. E. on N lfi9 Laid out to Jacol) Miller; to the N. W. on N lf)7. Tiand laid out to Henry Pickenfiaker, A: each hath such shape ^ marks as are lepresented t)y the above plat. Certified the 20 Sepl 1735.

It will be observed that in tlie foregoing certificate the name is given "Zaley," but tliat must have been the way |Mr Salley's German neighbors called it. for the name has always been vSalley. and the following extra<*t frou) a later dee«l of the same tract of land.

from John Salley. Jr., to John Salley, Sen., clearly shows Mr. Haig to have heen in error in beginning the name with the letter Z: 'Mil that plantation or Tract of Land - Original Bodnty - containing two Hundred acres Situate in (the former) Berkl}^ County, & in Orangeburgh Township." ***** "The said Tract of Two Hundred acres of Land and Town Lott aforesaid, was Originally Granted to Henry Zaley (more properly Salley) on the Seventeenth day of September One thousand Seven Hundred and thirty Six" * * * * "Which said Tract of Land & Town Lott aforesaid Devolved in a Lineal Decent to the aforesaid John Salley, Jun^ as being Heir at Law to the said Tract of Land & Town Lott." This last deed was made August 26, 1790. As early as 1741 the naiiie occurs on Giessendanner's record book spelt "Sahly", and a few yeafs later the same authority records it "Sally"; but the name has obtained in Yorkshire, England, and vicinity, for centuries; and the bearers of the name have always spelt it as the bearers of it in Orangeburg spell it to-day - "Salley." The name Salley signifies "the field of sallows, and was so named undoubtedly", says Whitaker, in his Histoi-y of the Deanery of Craven, "from real salix and leza ager". (Species of willow.) There is a village of the same name in the parish of Gisburne (in th6 Deanery of Graven) in Yorkshire.

For sonie years previous to 1735 John Peter Purry^ a Swiss gentleman, had been trying to establish Swiss colonies in South Carolina, and had actually established one on the' Savannah river at a place called Purrysburg. He gave such a glowing account of the country in a pamphlet, (See Carroll's Historical Collections of South Carolin.i, Vol. 11.) which he freely distributed throughout Switzerland. Holland, North Germany and the Provinces of the Rhine, that a great many set- tiers were induced to come to Carolina. The first ship load for Orangeburgh Township arrived in Charlestown in July 17B5, and immediately set out for the township on the Edisto, which was thereafter named Orangeburgh. The next year another installment of settlers arrived, and in 1737 a third arrived, bringing with them a Lutheran minister, the Rev. John Ulrick Giessendanner. Others arrived later. Dr. David Ramsay in his "History of South Carolina", page 11, says that the vessels which brought them over usually returned with loads of rice, and made pi'ofitable voyages. Rev. J. TT. Giessendanner and his nephew and successor. Rev. John Giessendanner, kept a record of the marriage, baptismal and burial ceremonies performed by them, and from the burial record we are able to learn where many of these settlers came from in the old country. From Switzerland came Peter Hugg (Canton Bern, 1735); Anna, wife of Peter Roth: Rev. John U. Giessendanner and his wife; John Giessendanner, Jr.; Jacob Giessendanner; Hans Henry Felder (1735); Jacob Kuhnen and wife (1736); Ann, wife of Jacob Bossart; Melchior Ott (1735); Anna Negely, widow; Magdalena, wife of Hans Imdorff: Martin Kooner; Peter Moorer; Zibilla Wolf (Grisons); John Friday (1735); John Dietrick (1735); Barbara Fund; Henry Wurtzer (1735); Henry Horger; Jacob Stauber (Canton Zurich, 1750); Henry Haym and John Myers. From Germany came John George Barr: David Runtgenauer; Lewis Linder and Elias Snell (1735). From Holland came William Young. These are all whose places of nativity aie given, l)ut it is reasonable to presume that the many other settlers bearing the same family names as the above, caux' from the same places.

man; among them the names: Stroman, Stoudenmire. Shaumloffel. (leiger. Hoi man, Hessy, Kuhn, Yutsey (lltsey), Yssenliut (Whisenhunt), Kreyter (Crider), Huber, Shuler, liumph, Zimmerman, Rickenbacker, Kobler (Culler), Hungerbiiller (Hungerpiller), Wannamaker, A maker, Keller, Inabinet, Zeigler, Leysaht, Golson, Joyner, Ferstner, Tilly, Hartzog, Whetstone. Balziger. Brunzon, Stehely (Staley), Starekey (Sturkie), and Tbeus - names nearly all of which obtain in this section to-day.

There are many names to be found on the Giessendanner record that are evidently not German names. These settlers came in about the time of the German settlements or a little later. In some instances the Giessendanner record tells where the settler came from. This was the case with Gideon Jennings, who came in to Orangeburgh Township, with his wife and two sons, Philip and John, in 1736. In recording his death the Rev. Mr. Giessendanner states that he was an "Italian protestant," and in recording the death of his wife, Ursula, a few years later, he speaks of her as the "widow of Gideon Zanini alias Jennings". Whether Jennings is the English for Zanini, or whether Gideon Jennings was an Englishman who went to Italy, (seeing that he was a protestant) and there assumed the name Zanini and changed back to the English name Jennings upon resuming habitation among English people, or whether he changed his name to Jennings because he fancied that name, or for other cause, is only a matter of conjecture, but, at any rate, the Jennings family has long been a large and influential one in this section and members of it have intermarried with many of the oldest families in the County.

Scotland, and Seth Hatcher as a native of Virginia, The Larry, or Larey. family frequently mentioned by Giessendanner was an Irish family.* Other names not German to be found on the record are: Martin, Gardner, Bunch, Powell. Oliver, Brown, Curtis, Robinson. Robison, Barber, Bright, Weekly, Gibson, Barker, 8ullivant, Haig. Holmes. McGraw, McFashion, Reece, Cheavy. Potts, Good, Fitzpatrick, Carter, Tate, Jones. Tap, Hickie. Smith, Gossling, JVlurphy, Clements, Whiteford. Hill, Mercier. Partridge, and Wright. Some of them have a decidedly Hibernian smack, others sound English, others Scotch, and one or two sound somewhat Frenchy. It is likely that some of these settlers came from the colonies to the northward, while others of them doubtless came from the lower parishes of South Carolina.

Another prominent man among the early settlers of Orangeburgh was John Chevillette, who had formerly been an otficer under Frederick the Great - probably before Frederick became King of Prussia. That he had been a friend of that king is shown by the letters that that monarch wrote to him (which letters were long in possession of the late Mrs. William Gilmore Simms) telling him how to cultivate the vine to ?Tiake vvine in Carolina. Col. Chevillette married in Orangeburgh Township, in 1745. Mrs. Susannah Hepperditzel, a widow, by whom he had one son. John Chevillete. who married the widow of Honald Govan. and was the step-father of Eliza (iovan.l who nunTied Nash Roach, and not the father, as Trent puts it on page IK) of his Life of Simms.

Orangeburg Comnty

Pretender", in 1745, caused many of the defeated revolters to flee to America; and among these was Andrew Go van, who settled in Orangeburgh Township, where he and his descendants became prominent. The late Wm. Gilmore Simms used to relate a very pretty little tradition to the effect that the rebel Govan was condemned and about to be executed, when his friends wrecked the scaffold upon which he was about to be executed. In the fall of the scaffold Govan had a leg broken, but in the confusion he escaped and hid in a London sewer for a day or two, when he made his escape and embarked for America. John Govan was a kinsman who also came to Orangeburgh about the same time, but he afterwards moved to Granville County. Christopher, Henry and Samuel Kowe. and Gavin Pou were also Scotchmen who settled in Orangebui'gh Township about 1740.

After the English conquest of Acadia (Nova Scotia) in 1755, it will be remembered that the French Acadians then captured w^ere cruelly carried oft' and distributed among the British Colonies to the South. vSouth Carolina got a portion of these Acadians, and some of these were settled in Orangeburgh, Amelia and Saxe-Gotha Townships, as we find in Volume IV., p. 72, of the Statutes of South Carolina, the followingitems of account showing that certain persons living in those townships had been paid for maintaining them : "Stephen Crell, of Saxe-CJotha township, £54.00.00.

The name Dukes occurs frequentl,y in the Giessendanner record. (Sometimes it is written Duk^s and sometimes Duke.) In Hotton's "List of Persons who went from Great Britain to the American Plantations," on p. 362, William Dukes is mentioned as having embarked from Barbadoes on the Barque Adventure for Carolina on April 7th, 1679. The Dukeses on the Giessendanner record are doubtless descendants of his, and the large and influential Dukes family now in Orangeburg County are undoubtedly the descendants of the persons mentioned by Giessendanner.

The lower section of the Province, which had been previously settled, also furnished a share of the set-, tiers for Amelia and Orangeburgh Townships. Among these we find the names Porcher, Richardson, Sabb, Gaillard, and Huger^ - names which shed lustre on the early history of old St. Matthew's Parish.

The following account of the settling of Orangeburgh by the Germans and Swiss is given by Rev. George Howe, D. D., in his History of the Presbyterian Church in South Carolina, Vol. I., pp. 216 and 217: -'A trader, Henry Sterling, had located himself, and obtained a grant of land on Lyon's Creek, in 1704. But it was not until 1735 that this portion of the province had any considerable number of whites. The arrival of the settlers who found their way thither is thus mentioned in the South Carolina (iazette, under date of July 26th: - 'On Sunday last arrived two hundred Palatines: most of them being poor, they were obliged to sell themselves and their children for their passage (which is six pistoles in gold per head) within a fortnight of the time of their arrival, or else to pay one pistole more to be carried to Philadelphia. The most of them are farmers, and some tradesmen. About two hundred and twenty of the Switzers that have paid all their passages are now going up the Edisto to settle a township there. The government defrays them on their jurney, provides them provisions for one year, and gives them fifty acres ahead. The quantity of corn bought for them had made the price rise from fifteen shillings, as it was last week, to twenty shillings.'

"These persons became the first settlers in Orangeburg township, which had been laid out in a parrellelogram of fifteen miles by five on the North Edisto. and was called Orangeburg in honor of the Prince of Orange.* Germans of the [ Lower] Palatinate settled in the township, but some portion of the settlers were from Switzerland, from the Cantons of Berne, Zurich, and the Orisons, and were Oalvinists we suppose of the Helvetic confession, and Presbyterian in their views of Church government.' Their minister, John Ulrich Oiessendanner, came with them, and the register of marriages, baptisms, and burials, commenced by him in the German language, was continued by his nephew and successor, John Oiessendanner. dow^n to the year 1760. John Ulrich Oiessendanner died in the year 1738. His nephew John, by the request of the congregation, went to Charleston for the pui'pose of 'obtaining orders" from Rev. Alexander Oaixlen. the Bishop of London's commissary, but was persuaded by Major Christian Mote, whom he met. that he ought

^Williiiin Charles Hei:ry Friso, who had married Anne, daughter of (Ti'orge ir., in 1784; - afterwards William IV., "stadtholder, captain, and admiral-general of Zealand", and later "captain and admiral-general of the whole union, and stadtholder of the Seven Provinces." (Holland, Zealand, Friesland, (iuelderlaii<l, I'trecht, Overyssel and ({roninyen. ) not to apply to him, but to other gentlemen to whom he would conduct him, who, if they found him qualified, would give him authority to preach. Major Mote made him acquainted with the Presbytery of South Carolina, who in 1738 gave him authority to preach the gospel among his German neighbors, 'fhis he continued to do, and thus kept up the Church of their fathers unchanged for a season, though he afterwards went to London and took Episcopal ordination. - (Journal of Upper House of Assembly, Vol. X., 1743 - 1744.)"

Dr. Howe in Chapter II., pp. 250 - 251 further says: "In the same year 1743, the German and Swiss settlers of Orangeburg were interfered with in their religious worship by an attempt made by Rev. Bartholomew Zauberbuhler to oust their pastor, John Giessendanner. Mr. Zauberbuhler was himself a native of the canton of either St. Gall or Appenzel, one of the Protestant cantons of Switzerland, and was therefore in his own country an adherent of the Helvetic Confession, setting forth the doctrines of the Reformation as proclaimed by Zwingle, Bullinger and Calvin. He had been engaged in the settlement of a colony of Swiss Protestants in the newly-constituted township of New Windsor, opposite Augusta. He had resolved to seek Episcopal ordination, and had petitioned council that he might be sent to preach to the Germans in Orangeburg and on the Santee, and that he might receive a competent salary till such time as he could be consecrated by the Bishop of London, after which he proposed to visit Germany and to bring over others of his countrymen, 'it being a great encouragement to them to know that they may have the gospel not only on their passage, but after their arrival.' Council grants him £'500 out of the township fund, provided he could obtain Commissary Garden's certificate of his qualifications for ordination. Armed now with a supposed authority from (lovernor Bull and Commissary Garden, he came into the pastoral charge of Giessendanner. and sought to expel him and occupy his place. A petition signed by about fourscore of the inhabitants of Orangeburg is spread out on the journals of the governor and council, detailing the facts, and praying for redress. Mr. Zauberbuhler was summoned by the governor, reprimanded for his interference, and curtailed of half the salary allowed him, unless he should bring over the foreign Protestants as he had stipulated. The petition is an interesting historic document, apologetic that their pastor is not rectus in ecdesia, according to the established religion of the province. It states that Mr. Giessendanner had been introduced in ("harleston 'to an Asssembly of Presbytery, who, upon examination, furnished him with orders to preach'; that he hath done this in Dutch (German) constantly for the space of five years, to the inexpressible satisfaction of the congregation at Orangeburg; that 'two years ago, the petitioners being full sixty miles from any other place of worship, some of whom he had not been favored with a sermon for seven years, observing said Mr. -lohn Giessendanner to be a man of learning, piety, and know^ledge in the Holy Scriptures, prevailed on him to officiate in English every fortnight, w^hich he hath since performed very articulate and intelligible, to the entire satisfaction of the English petitioners, and alw-ays behaves himself with sobriety, honesty, and justice, encouraging virtue and reproving vice." - (MS. Records of Gov. and Council, March Oth, 1743, State Archives, Columbia.) This document reveals to us the existence and action of the Presbytery in Charleston in 1738, and is of interest otherw^ise. Mr. Giessendanner continued his ministry some time longer, until, to meet the state of things in this new country, he went to London in 1749, received Episcopal ordination, and returned in 1750 as a minister of the P^piscopal church. His labors, both before and after this period, seem to have been assiduous, and his record of baptisms, marriages, and burials, yet preserved, shows that they extended over a wide track in the central portion of South Carolina. It is one among numerous other proofs of the absorbing nature of an ecclesiastical system established by law over a people the majority of whom are dissenters from it. Most of these settlers were probably Lutherans, but a portion must have been brought up under the Helvetic Confession and Heidelberg Catechism, and in their own land professed the Reformed or Calvinistic faith.''

On page 494, Dr. Howe further says: "We have expressed our conviction on pp. 2U), 217, that a portion of the original settlers of Orangeburg, those namely from certain cantons of Switzerland (and it may be true also of others), were of the Calvinistic or Reformed church, and Presbyterians. This is confirmed in part by the fact that 'there was a Presbyterian meeting house erected on Cattle's Creek, in 177N, and was called the Frederican church, after Andrew Frederick, who was its principal founder. Another of the same denomination was built at Turkey Hill'. 'There are,' say Drs. Jamieson and Shecut, writing 1808, *two others of the same denomination in Lewisburgh'. 'The Presbyterians have supplies only from the upper country and the North Carolina Presbytery. From the want of preachers of their own denomination, the descendants of the old stock are falling either with the Baptists or Methodists, according to the neighborhood in which they live'.^ - (Statistical ucct. of Orangeburg. - Ramsay. Vol. II., Appendix.)""

John Ulrirlx Giessendanner did not come over with the settlers of 1785 as Dr. Howe makes it appear, but came over in 1737 as is shown by his register, which Dr. Howe mentions. Dr. Howe does not State that these ministers. Rev. John U. Giessendanner and his nephew, Rev. John Giessendanner. were Lutheran ministers, but it was, nevertheless,, the case. Dr. Frederick Dalcho, who wrote at a much earlier period than Dr. Howe, in his History of the Protestant Episcopal Church in South Carolina, states, and upon good evidence, that these ministers and their congregations were Lutherans: and Rev. G. D. Bernheim, D. D., in his History of the German Settlements and the Lutheran Church in North and South Carolina, proves conclusively that such is the case, and that, while Rev. John Giessendanner. the younger, received ordination and a license to preach from the Charleston Presbytery, he continued to preach in Orangeburgh as a Lutheran minister until tlie time when he left for England to be ordained as an Episcopal Clergyman. Dr. Bernheim's account of the settling of Orangeburgh is undoubtedly the most authentic that has ever been written, and will therefore be given herewith: (p. 99.)

"The story of the settling of Orangeburg, Soutli Carolina is a page in the history of that State which has never been fully written. The cause of this omission can scarcely be accounted for, as ample materials were within the reach of former historians. Certain outlines have been given, but nothing very satisfactory has been furnished.

'"The first white inhabitant who settled in this section of country was named Henry Sterling: his occupation, it is supposed, was that of a trader. He loca- ted himself on Lyon's Creek in the year 1704, and obtained a grant of a tract of. land, at present in the possession of Colonel Russel P. McCord.' (Milh, p. {i56.)

'-'The next settlers were some three or four individuals, who located themselves at the Cowpens, northwesterly of the low country white settlements; these, and the Cherokee and Catawba Indians* were all the inhabitants who had preceded the Germans,' (Mills, p. 657.)

"The colonists of Orangeburg County and town were mostly German and Swiss, who came over from Europe in a large body, occupying several vessels, and even to the present day their descendants are easily recognized by their unmistakable German names, and are found to be the principal owners and occupants of the soil in this portion of South Carolina.

*Lawson visited the Congaree section before any wliites Iiad settled there, and this is what he wrote: "The next raorning Santee Jacl^ told us we should reach the Indian (('ongaree) settlement betimes that day. About noon we passed by several foir savannas, very rich and dry, seeing great copses of many acres that bore nothing but bushes about the bigness of box trees, which, in their season, afford great quantities of small black-berries, very pleasant fruit, and much like to our blue huckleberries that grow on heaths in England. Hardby the savannas we found the town, where we halted. There was not above one man left with the women, the rest being gone a hunting, for a feast. The women were very busily engaged in gaming. The names or grounds of it I could not learn, though I looked on above tAVo hours. They kept count with a heap of Indian grains.

"When the play was ended the king's wife invited us into her cabin. The Indian kings always entertain travelers, either English or Indian, taking it as a great nffront if they pass by their cabins. The town consists of not above a dozen houses - tliey having other straggling plantations up and down the country, and are seated upon a small brancli of Santee River. Their place liath curious, dry marshes, and savannas adjoining to it, and would prove an exceeding tine range for cattle and hogs, if the English were seated tliereon.

of Council of the Province of South Carolina, as found in manuscript form in the office of the Secretary of State, as well as from the Church record-book, kept by their first pastors, the two Giessendanners, uncle and nephew, written in the German and English languages, which is still extant, and has been thoroughly exauiined by the writer; and as these additional facts are now presented for the first time, it is hoped that they njay open new avenues, which will afford future historians of the State additional sources of research and information.

"That the (leruian element of the Orangeburg colonists came partly from Switzerland, we learn from the records of the (riessendanners' church-book, as it was the custom of the younger Giessendanner to mention the place of nativity of all the deceased, in his records of each funeral of the early settlers; and as this emigration from that country to Orangeburg ochere good store of chinkapin-nuts, which they gather in winter, great quantities of, drying them, and l^eeping tl\eni in great hasl^ets. Likewise hickerie-nuts, whicli tliey beat betwixt two great stones, then sift to thicl\en tlieir venison brotli therewitii; the small shells precipitating to the bottom of the pot whilst the kernels, in form of flour, mixes with the liquor.

"The Congarees are kind and affable to the English; the queen being very kind - giving us what varieties her cabin afforded - loblolly made with Indian corn and dryed peaches. These Congarees have abundance of storks and cranes in their savannas. They take them before they can fly, and breed them as tame as dung-hill fowls. They had a tame crane at one of their cabins that was scarce less than six foot in height, his head being round with a shining crimson hue, which they all have.

"These are a very comely sort of Indians, there being a strange difference in the proportion and beauty of these heathen. The women here being as handsome as niost I have met withal, being several tivetingered brunettos amongst them. These lasses stick not upon hand long, for they marry when very young, as at twelve or fourteen years of age.

"We saw at the king's cabin tlie strangest spectacle of antiquity I ever knew - it being an old Indian squaw, tiiat, had I been to have guessed lier age by her aspect, old Parr's head, the Welch Methusa- curred only two or three years subsequent to the emigration of a former Swiss colony to Purysburg. S. C, it certainly requires no great stretch of the imagination to explain the causes which induced such a large number of emigrants from that country to locate themselves upon the fertile lands of South Carolina, which were described so glowingly by John Peter Purry and his associates.

"Let any one exaniine the pamphlets, as found in vol, ii of Carroll's Collections, which Mr. Purry published in reference to the Province of South Carolina, and which he freely distributed in his native country, in which the fertility of the soil, salubrity of the climate, excellency of government, safety of the colonists, opportunities of becoming wealthy, <S:c,, &., are so highly extolled, and corroborated by the testimony of so many witnesses, and he will easily comprehend what the Switzers must have fancied that province to be, viz.: the El Dorado of America, - the second Palestine of the world.

"Mr. Purry's account of the excellency of South Carolina for safe and remunerative settlement went round, from mouth to mouth, in many a hamlet and cottage of the little mountain-girt country, losing lem, was a face in swadling- clouts to liers. Her skin Iiiini; in reaves like a bag' of tripe; by a fair computation, one niiiriit bave justly tbougbt it Avould liave contained three sucf\ carcasses as bers then was. P>oni wliat I could gatber sbe was considerably above one hundred years old, yet she smoked tol)acco, and eat her victuals, to all appearances, as heartily as one of eighteen. At night we wenlaid in the king's cabin, Avhere the (jueen and the obi scjiiaw pigged ill with us.

"In the nHMning we rose before day, Iiaving liired n guide the over night to conduct us on our way. The (|Ueen got us a good lireakfast before we left her; siie bad a young child wiiicb was nmcb afflicted with the colic, for which sbe infuse<l a root in water, held in a gourd; this she took in her mouth, and spurted it into the mouth of the infant, wiiicb gave it ease, .\fter we bad eaten, we s('t out for tiie Wateree In<lians."

nothing h}' being told from one family to another; which, with the additional fact, that man}- had relatives and friends living in both the Carolinas, whom they possibly might meet again, soon fastened their affections upon that province, and induced them to leave the Fatherland, and make their future homes with some of their countrymen in America. Their little all of earthly goods or patrimony was soon disposed of: preparations for a long journey were quickly made, as advised by Mr. Purry in his pamphlet; the journey through North Germany towards some seaport was then undertaken; and, with other Germans added to their number, who joined their fortunes with them whilst passing through their country, they were soon rocked upon the bosom of the ocean, heading towards America, with the compass pointing to their expected haven, Charleston, South Carolina.

*'These German and Swiss settlers did not all arrive in Orangeburg at the same time; the first colony came during the year 1735; another company arrived a year later, and it was not until 1737 that their first pastor, Rev. John IJlrich Giessendanner, Senior, came among them with another reinforcement of settlers; whilst Mills informs us that emigrants from Germany arrived in Orangeburg District as late as 1769, only a few years before the Revolution.*

"Like most of the early German settlers of America, these colonists came to Carolina not as 'gentlemen or traders', but as tillers of the soil, with the honest intention 'to earn their bread by the sweat of the bi'ow', and their lands soon gave evidence of thrift and plenty, and they, by their industry and frugality, not only secured a competency and independence for

"From the records of Rev. Giessendanner we learn that there were also a considerable number of mechanics, as well as planters and farmers, among these colonists; and the results of this German colonization wei'e extremely favorable to Orangeburg District, inasmuch as they remained there as permanent settlers, whilst many of their countrymen in other localities, such as Purysburg, (S:c., were compelled to leave their first-selected homes, on account of the want of health and of that great success which they had at first expected, but the Orangeburg settlers became a well-established and successful colony.

"It has been asserted that the German congregation established in Orangeburg among these settlers was; Reformed, which is evidently a mistake, as any one may perceive from the following facts. On the one hand, it must be admitted that the Switzers came from the land where eTohn Calvin labored, and where the Reformed religion prevails, but where there are also many Lutheran churches established. It is also admitted that the Giessendanners were natives of Switzerland, but it would be unsafe to conclude from these facts that the German congregation at Orangeburg, with all. or nearly all, of its members, and with their pastors, were Swiss Reformed or Calvinistic in their faith. On the other hand, although nothing positive is mentioned in the Record-book of the Church, concerning their distinctive religious belief, yet the ])resnmptive evidence, even from this source of information, is siilticiently strong to conclude tliat this first religious society in Orangeburg was a Lutheran Church. The facts from which our conclusions arc drawn are:

'^"Firstlij. - Because a very strong element from Germany was mixed with their Swiss brethren in the early settling of this county, which, by still later accession of German colonists, aj3pears to have become the predominating population, who were mostly Lutherans, and the presumption becomes strong that their church-organization was likewise Lutheran.

'"'Secondlij. - It seems to have been a commonly admitted tact and the prevailing general impression of that time, when their second paster had become an ordained minister of the Church of England,

"J7//yy////. - In examining their church records one will discover, through its entire pages, a recognition of the festivals of the Lutheran Church, as were commonly observed by the early Lutheran settlers.

''Foiui/dff. - In Dalcho's History of the Prot, Epis. Church in S. C, published in 1820, at the time when the son of the younger Giessendanner was still living (see Mills' Statistics, p. 657, published as late as 1826), it is most positively stated concerning his father, that *he was a minister of the Lutheran Church.' (Dalcho, p. 333, footnote.) How could Dr. Dalcho have been mistaken when he had the records of the Episcopal Church in South Carolina before him; and in that denomination this was the prevailing impression, as w^as, doubtless, so created from Giessendanner's own statements in the bosom of which Church he passed the latter days of his life.

"'Fifthli/. - One of the churches which Giessendanner served before he became an Episcopal clergyman, located in Amelia Township, called St. Matthews, has never been any other than a Lutheran Church, and is still in connection with the Evangelical Lutheran Synod of South Carolina.

theran pastors entirely, numbering in all about seventeen ministers, and only for a short time a Reformed minister. Rev. Dr. Ziibly, once labored there as a temporary supply,

'^Sevenflili/. - In Dr. Hazelius' History of the American Lutheran Church, p. 64, we have the following testimony, gathered from the journal of the Ebenezer pastors, Bolzius and Gronan, found in Xh'lsperger's Nachrichten: 'Their journal of that time mentions among other things, that many Lutherans were settled in and about Orangeburg in South Carolina, and that their preacher resided in the village of Orangeburg.'

"It is to be hoped that all this testimony is satisfactory to every candid inquirer, that the first established Church of Orangeburg, vS. C, which was likewise thefrsf organized Lutheran Chui'ch in both the Carolinas, was none other than a Lutheran Church; that those early settlers from Germany and Switzerland were mostly, if not all, of the same denomin.ation, and that Dr. Dalcho has published no falsehood by asserting that 'their paster was a minister of the Lutheran Church.'

"The first colony of German and Swiss emigrants who settled in Orangeburg village and its vicinity in 1735, as well as those who selected their homes in Amelia ToAvnship along Four-hole swamp and creek, did not bring their pastor with them: the Rev. John Ulrich Giessendanner did not arrive until the year 1737: he was an ordained minister and a native of Switzerland, and was the first and at the time, the only minister of the gospel in the village and District of Orangeburg: we infer this from Mills' Statistics, p. 657, stating that there were but four or five English settlers residing in the District before the (iermans arrived, and these few would not likelv have an Eng- lish minister of their own to labor among them. We infer this, moreover, from the record of Giessendanner's marriages; the ceremony of one was performed in the English language during the first year of his ministry, with the following remark accompanying it: 'Major Motte having read the ceremony in the English language,' from which we conclude that at the time, October 24th, 1737, Rev. Giessendanner was still unacquainted with the English language, and that on this account he solicited the aid of Major Motte in the performance of a clerical duty. That there could have been no other minister of the gospel within reach of the parties, who did not reside in the village, otherwise they would not have employed Rev. (r. to perform a ceremony under such embarrassing circumstances.

"Rev. J, U. Giessendanner came to this country with the third transportation of German and Swiss settlers for this fertile portion of South Carolina. In the same vessel also journeyed his future partner in life, who had resided at his home in Europe as housekeeper for twenty-six years, and to whom, on the 15th. of November, 1737, he was 'quietly married, in the presence of many witnesses, by Major Motte;' doubtless by him, as no minister of the gospel was within their reach, to which record he piously adds: 'May Jesus unite us closely in love, as well as all faithful married people, and cleanse and unite us with himself. Amen.' By this union he had no children, since both himself and his partner were 'well stricken in years'.

"The elder Giessendanner did not labor long among this people. Death soon ended his ministrations in Orangeburg, and we infer that he must have died about the close of the year 173S, since the records of his ministerial acts extend to the summer of that year, whilst these of his nephew commence with the close of the year 1739, Allowing the congregation time to make the necessary arrangement with the nephew, and he to have time to seek and obtain (u-dination, as we shall see hereafter, besides the inference drawn from the language of a certain petition, tV-c. we learn that during the fall of 1738, the Rev. John Ulrich Giessendanner, Sr., was called to his rest, and thus closed his earthly career.

"The congregations in Orangeburg village and District now looked about them for another servant of the Lord to labor among them in holy things, but the prospect of being soon supplied was not very encouraging. The Ebenezer pastors were the only Lutheran ministers in the South at that time, and they could not be spared from their arduous work in Georgia, and to expect a pastor to be sent them again from the Fatherland was attended with niany difficulties. Another plan presented itself to them. The nephew of their first pastor, who had prepared himself for the ministry, was induced to seek ordination at the hands of some Protestant denomination, and take upon himself the charge of these vacant congregations in the place of his departed uncle.

"From the records of the Orangeburg Church we learn that their second pastor was also named John Ulrich Giessendanner, but he soon afterwards dropped his middle name, probably to distinguish him from his uncle, and so is he named in all the histories of South Carolina, which give any account of him.*

Giessendannet's ministry; the Urlsperger Reports state, in vol. iii. p. 1079, that the town of Orangeburg was then, A. D. 1741, in a worse condition than Purysburg; that the people were leading very sinful lives, manifesting no traces of piety, and that between iDastor and hearers there were constant misunderstandings. It is also stated that their lauds were fertile, but. as they were far removed from Charleston, and had no communication with that city by water, thej* could not convert their produce into money, and on this acconnt very little or no money was found among them. Di". Hazelius likewise gives an unfavorable account of the state of religion in that communit}^ On p. 64. he remarks: 'From one circumstance mentioned with particular reference to that congregation, we have to infei* that the spiritual state of that church was by no means pleasing. A Mr. Kieffer, a Salzburg emigrant and member of the Ebenezer congregation, was living on the Carolina side of the Savannah River, whose mother-in-law resided at Orangeburg, whom he occasionally visited. On one occasion he remarked, after his retura, to his minister. Pastor Bolzius, that the people at Orangeburg were manifesting no hunger and thirst after the word of God; he was therefore anxious that his mother-in-law should remove to his plantation, so that she might enjoy the opportunity of attending to the preaching of the word of God. which she greatly desired.' All this testimony, though in the main correct, needs, however, some explanation, and by referring to the Journals of Council for this province, in the office of the Secretary of State, we will soon discover the cause of such a state of things. The people had been but sparingly supplied with the preached word, the discipline of the Church had not been properly administei'ed, and when the younger (liessendanner took charge of these congregations, and attempted to regulate matters a little, wiiilst the majority of the people sustained him in his efforts, a minority, who were rude and godless, became his bitter enemies, and were constantly at variance with him.

"This condition of Church affairs opened the way for the Zauberbithler difficulties, which are very minutely described in the .lournals of Council of the Province of South Carolina, vol. 10, page 395, d seq.: the main facts of this troublesome affair were the following:

"During the year 1743, a Swiss minister of the gospel, formerly located along the Savannah River, at New Windsor, Purysburg, and other places, named Bartholomew Zauberbuhler, very adroitly attempted to displace the Rev. John Giessendanner from his charge in Orangeburg, and make himself the pastor of those churches. He supposed that by becoming an ordained minister of the Episcopal Church, at that time the established church in the Province, he would have rights superior to the humble Lutheran pastor in charge at Orangeburg, and, as he supposed, have the law on his side in thus becoming the pastor hiuiself. The records of his evil designs, which have longslumbered in oblivion in manuscript form on the shelves of the Statehouse at Columbia, are now brought to view, and read as follows:

" 'Nov. 9th, 1742. Read the petition of Rev. 11 Zaiiberbiihler, showing that as there were a great many Germans at Orangeburg, Santee, and thereabouts, who ai'e very desirous of having the woixl of (lod preached to them and their children, and wdio desire to be instructed in the true religion, humbly prays: That he may be sent to serve them and to be sui>[><)j-t(Ml with a competent salary until he shall be able to take a voyage to England to be ordained by the Rishop of

London, and at the same time proposes to bring- over with hiai a number of Germans, which he thinks may be as great a number as ever were bi-ought at any time into this province, it being a great encouragement to them when they find that they may have the (lospel. not only on their voyage, but also after their arrival in this province, preached to them, <S:c,

"'Upon reading the said petition, it was the opinion of His Majesty's Council, that providing the petitioner do produce a certificate from the inhabitants of Orangeburg, as also a certificate from ye Ecclesiastical Commissary, Mr. Garden, of his qualifications to receive orders in the Church of England, and his engaging to go home to London to receive ordination, and after that to go to Germany to procure others of his countrymen to come over to settle in this province, that the sum of five hundred pounds currency be advanced him out of the township fund, in order to enable him to perform the same.'

"Journals of Council, vol. xi, pp. 74-76. Under date of Feb. 13th. 1748-44: 'Recon.sidered the petition of Rev. Mr. Zauberbiihler, which had been exhibited at this Board on the 10th day of November, 1743, praying that in consideration of the earnest desire of the inhabitants of Orangeburg, Santee, to have a person to preach the gospel to them in their own language, he is willing to perform that pastoral duty, but being as yet unordained, desires to be supported with a competent salary until he shall be able to take a voyage to England to be ordained, at which time he proposes to bring over a numbei' of foreign Protestants to settle in this province, who are unwilling to come over for want of having the gospel preached to them in their voyage here. Whereupon it appearing l)y a former minute of Council, of the lOth of Nt)vember last, that provided the petitioner shall produce a certificate from the inhabitants of Orangeburg of their desire to receive him as a preacher amongst them, and also a certificate from the Rev. Mr. Garden of his qualifications to receive orders, that then the sum of £500 current money be advanced him out of the township fund, in order to enable him to perform his voyage, and bring on the Protestants to settle here as he mentions. Whereupon the petitioner produced the following certificate from the Rev. Mr. Commissary Garden:

" 'South Carolina. '''These are to certify whom it may concern, and in particular the Rt. Rev. the Lord Bishop of London, that the bearer, Bartholomew Zauberbiihler, a native of Appenzell in Switzerland, appears to me on creditable testimony to have resided in this Province for the space of seven years last past, and during that time to have been of good life and behavior as becometh a candidate for holy orders, «fec., &c.,

" 'On producing the said certificate his Excellency signed an order on the public Treasurer for the sum of £500. to be paid him on condition that the Treasurer take his written obligation to repay the said money upon his returning and settling in the Province, in case he does not bring over the Protestants he mentions.'

-'The follow^ing counter-petition against Mr. Zauberbiihler from the Orangeburg settlers is found in vol. xi of Journals of Council, pp. 139 143. and dated March (>th, 1743: