Mansfield Town (part 6 of 12)

A picnic supper, eaten on a hillside, was enjoyed that evening. Following this a Vesper Service was held with Mr. Wayne Philbrook of the Bristol County Agricultural School giving a very interesting talk.

Monday morning at Assembly hobbies were chosen. The selection lay between leatherwork under the direction of Miss Forbes; woodcarving with Miss Gurney in charge; and nature With Mrs. Johnson, Mr. Wyeth and Mr. John Perry. All of these hobbies proved very interesting and it was felt that everyone had derived some very useful instruction from participating in them.

Every evening we gathered around a campflre. At this time a program was presented which consisted of two parts - serious and humorous. A camp scribe was appointed each day, and the events of the day were reported at that t'me.

Miss May Foley, State Nutrition Specialist, and Miss Blanche W'. Fames, County Home Demonstration Agent, were our guests at dinner on Wednesday.

Everyone reverted to their childhood days Wednesday afternoon. The counselors held a kids' party and all appeared in costumes which were very appropriate for the occasion.

A very enjoyable time was had on Wednesday evening when the counselors again demonstrated their ability to plan and present a pleasing program. This was in the form of a circus.

The campers were all presented with a copy of the Camp NeWs Friday. This was made possible through the work of Mr. D. Lee Johnson and Steve Smith who came down and made copies of the news reports of the week.

Thursday evening the Candlelight Service was held with approximately one hundred and fifty people present. Mr. Wyeth opened the service and introduced some of the people. Miss Forbes then had charge of the program, and Mrs. Lee Johnson told the story of the "Fire-bringer."

Those chosen to represent the 4-H's were Erlene Gatenby and George Hyde, Head H: Charlotte Cornell and Gorden Gurney, Heart H; Esther Potter and Harold Philla, Hand H; Louise Gracia and John Davis, Health H. The Camp Spirits chosen for 1936 were Betty Gilson and Francis Silvia.

After the candles of the H's were lighted everyone was presented with a candle and they were lighted. This was symbolical of the manner in which service is passed along. Every one sang "Speed Away" and then Taps was heai'd in the distance, and we went away with a feeling that 4-H work had taken on a newer, deeper meaning.

Friday morning the last assembly was held. An exhibit of the work in all the hobbies had been prepared, and showed that much had been accomplished in each one.

Prizes were awarded for the best exhibits. Helen Mitton was first in Nature, Gordon Gurney in Leatherwork, and Edward Ashley in Woodcarvir^.

First, Alban Vincent of Rehoboth; Second, Ralph and Leonard Doran of North Dartmouth; and Third, 'George Remillard of Attleboro. Other members having egg yields from their fiock of 20 or over are Richard Hyde of Berkley; George and Frank Medeiros of Somerset; Milton Machado, North Dartmouth; Norman Lindberg, Swansea; HoWard Slocum and Norman Pickard, North Dartmouth; Loring Chace, Swansea; David Briggs, Martin Slutsky and Abraham Liventhal, Attleboro; George Hyde of Berkley, and George Phillips and Kenneth McConville of North Dartmouth.

The Faunce Corner Poultry Club of North Dartmouth was selected by Assistant State Leader, Earl H. Nodine, on the basis of their past year's record as the outstanding club in the county and will receive the free two-day trip to Eastern States Exposition in September. This club is made up of the following members: President, Norman Pickard; Vice-President, George Phillips; and Secretary Edward Pierce. The other members are Kenneth McConville, Mnton Machado and Norman Bessette. It certainly pays to do your best, doesn't it, and also to get good stock eariy hatched to get the high egg yields.

Second plantings of beets, carrots and string beans may be planted now. It would be well not to plant these in the same places as the first lot.

Don't hoe or cultivate when the ground is moist. The weeds are apt to take root again. Hoe when the sun is bright and the weeds will die very quickly.

Has your canning club been organized? Be prepared to can the fruits and vegetables as they are in the height of their season. If you have not received your bulletin please Write to County Extension Office, Segreganset.

Infectious Laryngotracheitis

"Tracheitis", or, as it is sometimes called, bronchitis, is becoming a serious problem in Bristol County. There is no question but that all poultrymen should be on their guard to note the start of this disease, and take measures to prevent as much loss as possible. Briefly, any symptoms, such as the bird showing a gasping', strangulated appearance, coughing violently, quick death, and a presence of bloody mucus or cheesy patches in the windpipe, should warrant immediate action.

Dr. C. S. Gibbs of the Massachusetts State College Veterinary Department, say that there are two courses to pursue - eradication or vaccination. To follow the first method, one must dispose of all birds, clean and disinfect all houses, open to the sunlight as much as possible, and start new with stock that is free from any bronchitis infection. Of course, this is expensive, but continued yearly losses from this disease are far more so.

The other method of control, that of vaccination, should be done only on farms that have had the disease gain an entrance. But that does not mean to wait until the entire flock has been exposed to the trouble. As soon as any definite signs of tracheitis are seen, vaccination is resorted to, to immunize those birds not already subjected to the disease.

For birds on range, the better age is betw'een two and three months. Adult birds may be immunized, but this is done only as an emergency. A rather pronounced drop in egg production will follow, so if vaccination is to be done at all, it should be carried out before laying has commenced.

The job is a rather complicated one and should be done only by careful and painstaking men. Autogenous (prepared from affected birds on the farm) or commercial vaccine is used.

Briefly, as tracheitis is a respiratory trouble and causes death by choking, an effort is made to give the bird the disease in a mild form at a place not likely to cause death. The thin tissue

The premium list is now in the printer's hands for completion. Your copy may be had almost any time for the asking. Those who plan a little ahead and put up their exhibits with care gather in their share of $1,000 to $1,500 at this event besides contributing to its success.

The Ninth National 4-H Club Camp

The sessions of the Ninth National 4-H Club Camp opened at eight o'clock in the morning on the thirteenth day of June. There were over two hundred people at the Camp, including State leaders.

We held our assembly in the auditorium of the South Building of the U. S. D. A. At our assembly Dr. C. W. Warbui"ton. Director of Extension Work, gave the address of welcome. Then Hon. Henry A. Wallace, Secretary of Agriculture, delivered an interesting address.

Around The Poultry Farms

When you go to the pullet range and notice that some of the birds are showing a bright red comb and wattles, it is time to see that they have nests to use until they are moved into the winter quarters. Some of the same type nests used in the laying houses should be placed around the range in some shady spots for the inquisitive hen to get acquainted with. Have them protected against rain. However, do not plan on leaving these pullets very long on the range when they start to lay. Better house them permanently. Any change in their regular daily routine will have a checking effect on egg laying if that function be already in operation.

A job all to infrequently omitted, or evaded, at housing time, is the failure to cull the pullets when moving them in. To many, a hen is a hen, and one feels that so long as the pullet has been raised so far she might as well go into the house and do the best she can. Yet a cull is a cull whether a chicken or an old hen, and it is better business to avoid carrying at any time any bird that is not in tip-top shape for the job ahead.

Recently on a trip through a nearby State a 4000 layer poultry farm was visited, the owner of which stated that he culled consistently every ten days of the year. Both growing and laying stock had to be developing and producing in order to stay on the farm. As the result of such a program the mortality loss was practically nothing.

At this time of the year culling should be carried on with birds on range and in the laying house. For the pullets it depends somewhat on the aim of the poultryman - whether he be breeder or market egg producer - as to just what culling points to be kept in mind. The breeder will look for and eliminate offcolored birds, also any showing feathers on the shanks (of nonshank-feathered breeds). 'Green shanks, crow' heads and such type should be removed. On the other hand, the egg producer will prob-

Ten High Herds For The Month

Twenty-eight herds with a total of 735 cows with 79 of them dry, averaged to produce 738 pounds milk and 28.8 pounds fat testing 3.91 per cent. TEN HIGH HERDS FOR THE MONTH

(Continued from Page 1, Column 3) ably not concern himself so much with the color, but will look for birds not showing good development or the egg laying type of body.

constructed with the idea of keeping the interior as cool as possible without drafts, one will have gone a long way toward cutting down the excessive summer mortality.

In culling birds in the laying house such factors as feed, rate of lay, broodiness, hatching date, and development of molt must be known and considered. If one is to save birds for next year's breeders, the above factors should be carefully considered. Body development and condition, "lay - bone" changes, pigmentation and general molt are not difficult to note and to read the bird's history thereby.

The importance of house construction and ventilation and its relation to summer mortality was too well shown the past month. Several poultrymen experienced a rather alarming mortality in the flock with a rapid drop in egg production after the recent hot spells. Many post mortems were made on dead or sick birds, and no contagious disease noted. It is apparent that the mortality was caused by the hot weather aggravating vatrious troubles 'that were already present in the birds, with the result that many died in a short time.

Too much emphasis cannot be placed upon the need of introducing vigor into the flock and keeping it up to a high point. Strong, rugged birds are better able to withstand minor shocks of an environmental nature, and if at the same time the housing equipment is so

(Continued from Page 1, Column 1) on the upper part of the cloaca is used as the area to be vaccinated with the disease organisms. The bird so treated develops the disease, and the body builds up an immunity to further attacks usually lasting a life time.

After five days examinations are made of each bird to note if the disease has "taken". Inflamed red tissue, with some false membrane, is a positive indication. If not, the bird is revaccinated.

Affected flocks should be carefully segregated. All possible care should be taken to prevent the spread of the disease to outlying flocks, either your own or the neighbor's. K a flock is to be disposed of, sick birds should be killed and burned, and any birds not showing signs of the disease should be mai'keted for meat and not allowed to enter any poultryman's flock.

More Students In The Field

.Roland Cullenberg One of the most commendable Freshmen garden projects which the gardening instructor has supervised in several years is that of Roland Cullenberg. The instructor has a score card by which each garden is scored and Roland's garden scores 96 per cent. He is always on the job and is conscientious and a

Another project of which we are proud is that of Earle Horton. In size and work Horton's garden compares favorably with that of Cullenberg's in spite of a rather poor piece of land. The heaviest hail storm on record reduced some of the crops in the garden to shreds, but we feel confldent that the garden will come back. This is a good test of one's courage and steadfastness, but Earle has these qualities. Norman Crowley

Norman could easily have qualified in gardening by working with his grandfather, Mr. Edgar Woodward, who does considerable gardening, bu^ he insisted on having a plot of his own. He has handled his own garden very well for a beginner, besides helping his grandfather. The plot is larger than that required.

As you all know. Bob is one of our smaller boys, but few of our older fellows can show a better garden than he can. He has learned to work at an early age and this summer has done much to feed the family. The results show' the importance of doing things on timie. Mr. Stimson, State Supervisor, gave Bob very high rating and complimented him on his fine piece of work. Eugene Pelletier

Eugene Pelletier graduated this year and is now employed on the George Mitten farm in Harwich. He is foreman of the dairy which consists of twentytwo head of pure bred Guernsey cattle. He is doing a fine job and promises to be one of our outstanding graduates. Philip Therrien

Graduated this year and is developing his owTi poultry farm. He has all of the leading types of Rhode Island Reds, with a flock of three thousand birds. He is experimenting with cross breeding and line breeding, and trap nesting 2000 hens.

These two Sophomores have been working at the Poultry Plant on the school farm this summer. Both have proved to be good workers and faithful in their duties. Ward has also been working for Mrs. Howland in Berkley raising small fruits, vegetables and caring for the orchard.

The Annual Camping trip to Crowell Hill will be August 17 and 18. If any of the fellows wish to accompany the group on this trip they should notify the school office early in that week.

A Toast To Tomatoes

I'm glad that when the summer heats Have made me choosey in my eats, Tomatoes come with ripe red skins, Brimful of health and vitamins. When winter rages o'er the land, I eat the ones that Hannah canned. You ought, like me, to get the habit. And, when you find a good one, grab it. - Bob Adams.

A new bulletin, "Ways of Using Blueberries," prepared by Miss May E. Foley of the State College, was received at this office too late to be announced in the last number of the Farmers' Bulletin. Although the season for fresh blueberries is nearly over this bulletin has some interesting recipes for using canned blueberries. A copy may be obtained without charge by applying to the Extension Service, Bristol County Agricultural School, Segregasset, Mass.

Food Buying

Most women will admit that they don't really mind cooking food once it is purchased, but the planning of what to have and the buying of the food stuffs is really the difficult problem of feeding a family.

Food Buying is the subject of the study groups to be organized in Bristol County this fall under the leadership of Miss May E. Foley, Extension Nutritionist, from the State College in Amherst.

Members of these study groups will experiment to find out just which is the most economical method of buying certain food stuffs. Cutting down the meat bill is one of the problems that concerns most housewives, while probably the question most frequently asked is "How can we cut our food bills without lowering the quality and value of the children's food?"

Comparing the nutritional value with the cost of different foods helps us to plan more carefully. Learning how other homemakers manage also gives us ideas and renewed courage.

The Food Buying Classes will start in September. If you are interested in joining one of these classes write to your Home Demonstration Agent, Segreganset, Mass.

Why Not Exhibit At The Young

We hope that as the canning season progresses you will remember to set aside the two best jars of each product you can. Why? So they will be conveniently at hand to exhibit at the Young Farmers' Show on October 10

There are also awards offered for cotton dresses, for bread, cake, pastry, etc. In addition this year there will be a display of quilts and coverlets, new or antique.

Vegetable Recipes

Summer and early fall are the seasons when fresh vegetables are most plentiful and easily available. The following recipes are taken from the bulletin "Eat More Vegetables" which may be obtained by applying to the Extension Service, B. C. A. S., Segreganset, Mass.

Spicy Stuffed Beets Cook small beets until almost done. Slip oflf the skins and continue cooking in spiced vinegar until tender. Let stand several hours or over night. Drain them and with a small pointed knife remove the centers. Fill the cavities with a mixture of finely cut cucumber and water cress, or celery and minced pickle, a bit of minced onion, and just enough salad dressing to moisten. Serve the beets in lettuce cups or on a leaf of lettuce arranged as a border around cold meat.

Cut the suet in small pieces and try out in a kettle, then add the ground beef and the onions and brown slightly. Cut 1 cup of cabbage in thin shreds, peel the beets, then cut in small dice and add both to the meat, together with the water, salt, and sugar. Cook all until tender. When ready to serve, put one rounded tablespoon of whipped sour cream on each serving of soup.

1 cup finely cut or grated cheese V2 cup buttered bread crumbs This may be made from the left-over boiled cabbage. Dissolve cheese in hot white sauce. Butter a baking dish, put in a layer of cabbage, a layer of cheese sauce, and a sprinkling of salt. Repeat

Add the carrot, the onion, and the seasoning to the white sauce, then add the beaten egg yolks. Beat the whites of the eggs until they are stiff. Fold them lightly into the first mixture, turn this into a buttered baking dish. Set the dish in a pan of hot water and bake the souffle in a moderate oven for 30 minutes. Serve it at once from the dish in which it is baked. Cauliflower Salad leaves) % cup French Dressing Serve on letuce leaves. Cooked cauliflower may also be used is salad, either alone or in combination with other vegetables.

Grate the corn from the cob with a coarse grater. H canned corn is used, select one of the creamed varieties. Beat the egg yolks, add the other ingredients, and mix well with the corn. Fold in the stiffly beaten egg whites. Drop the batter from the spoon into hot deep fat and fry until a light brown color. Drain on soft paper and serve hot.

Prepare and cook onions as directed for creamed onions. Drain and place a layer of onions in a buttered baking dish, sprinkle with grated cheese, and cover with 1 cup medium white sauce. Repeat and cover the top with fine bread crumbs. Dot with bits of butter and bake in a moderate oven until the crumbs are brown.

Choose medium-sized onions. Put on an old flat pan, root down, and bake in medium oven 1 hour or until tender. When tender, cut off stem end with scissors and make several slits in skin lengthwise. Then squeeze at the bottom and the onion will pop out. Season with butter and salt and return to oven for a few minutes.

Emanual Cabral

Emanuel Cabral of East Taunton, a former 4-H member, is now in partnership with his father and brother on a fine large dairy farm of about 100 acres on the road to Middleboro from Taunton.

Emanuel joined a 4-H Dairy Club while in County Street School the fall of 1921. He did so well with his heifer for the next few years that he was selected as county champion and was given the free trip to the State Club Camp with other boys and girls from this county. He Was a favorite at Camp Gilbert, the State Camp, and, while there, received the Heart H.

After returning from Camp he got the fever of wanting to help other club members, so along with his busy farm life he helped with a club. In fact, he continued off and on to help with clubs in his vicinity for several years, and is doing so now, more or less.

Emanuel has always been quile active in the 4-H Service Club and has always lent a helping hand. Everybody likes him. They appreciate his willingness and his always pleasant disposition.

At present Emanuel with his father and brother run the farm which has 30 odd head of fine cattle, retailing about 300 quarts of fine milk in and about Taunton. They also have quite a large ice business, cutting and harvesting their own ice, and a saw mill where they saw up their own lumber which is used for construction purposes on the farm.

Emanuel was a graduate of the Bristol County Agricultural School in 1927. He became interested in the school through his interest in the 4-H Dairy Club some years before.

Both flower and vegetable garden club members should take advantage of the fine prizes offered at the State 4-H Exhibit to be held August 29 and 80 at Horticultural Hall, Boston.

There are other garden exhibits ahead that will also be well to plan for: ,Rehoboth Fair, Sept. 5, 6, 7; Bristol County Young Farmers' Show at Segreganset, October 10 and 11.

Acushnet shows some very good ones. In Taunton Enos White and Gilbert White had excellent ones; in East Taunton, the gardens of Gordon Sylvia, Allan Wood, Merle Ashley, Fred Caplin were best; in Berkley those of David Harrison, James Rose and Richard Hyde were especially good; in Freetown those of the Ashley brothers, Edward, Emerson and Karl, Frank Bergeron, Jack Gomes, Florence Gomes and Lois Welch were best; and in Acushnet, Aurell St. Armand, Joseph Lopata and Walter Milos had the best gardens.

State Club Camp

The following Junior Leaders are attending State 4-H Club Camp at Amherst: Elizabeth Gilson, State Music delegate, and Rose Lamb, Service Club delegate, of Taunton; Myrtle Johnson, Food Club delegate, of East Taunton; Gwendolyn Cahoon, County Canning delegate, of Westport; Veronica Gryss, Clothing delegate, of Acushnet; Estelle Pierce, Homecraft delegate, of North Dartmouth; and Barbara Williams of Easton, who was winner in the Ball Jar Contest.

The following young men are also going: Raymond Harrington, North Dartmouth, Camp Spirit of 1934; Harold Ames, Ga.rden delegate, of East Taunton; Michael Schobel, Poultry delegate, of Rehoboth; and Joseph Merrill,.. Handicraft delegate, Raynham, who will substitute for the Club Agent at Amherst.

In selecting your jars to exhibit be sure you have a good full jar With clear liquid covering the fruit or vegetable. There should be no specks or pieces of skin floating in the liquid. The vegetables, such as carrots, beets, string beans, should be uniform in size. Of course, all jars, glasses and other containers should be clean and properly labelled.

Fair Notes

The Bristol County Young Farmers' Show is to be held at Segreganset, October 10 and 11. There will be many opportunities for 4-H Club members and their friends to exhibit. Now is the time to start planning what you are going to exhibit. If it is in the clothing or homecraft lines, perhaps you

Do you like to paint, or embroider articles for the home, or crochet garments? There will also be several classes in food, such as muffins, cakes, cookies, bread.

Camp

Our delegates' conference was held every morning for thirty minutes. The topic for discussion was Service. In these discussions we learned a great deal of the different kinds of services people have i^endered, and the facts which lead up to performing services.

After luncheon we met our busses at Camp and drove on our first tour to the United States Department Experiment Farm in Bettsville, Md. After this tour we all enjoyed a picnic supper at the farm.

That morning we visited the White House. There we had our official photograph taken with Mrs. Roosevelt. After we came back to Camp Mrs. Roosevelt visited us for a short time.

Our tours included visits to the Folger Shakespeare Library, U. S. Supreme Court Building, the Capitol, United States Department of Agriculture Experiment Farm, Arlington, Virginia; Arlington National Cemetery, Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, Memorial Amphitheater, Custis Lee Mansion, Corcoran Gallery of Art, Pan-American Union, Lincoln Memorial, Washington Monument, Mount St. Albans Cathedral, Natural History Building, Chamber of Congress, Smithsonian Institute, and our last tour was a steamer trip to Mount Vernon. Members of the 4-H Club placed wreathes on the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier and Washington's Tomb.

Monday we received an invitation from the United States Marine Band to attend the National Broadcast from the U. S. Marine Barracks. The progrram was enjoyed by everyone. (To be continued in September Bulletin)

The New Fresh Egg Law

After many months of work by poultrymen and their associations the State laws regarding the sale and distribution of eggs has been amended by the State Legislature in a way favorable to the sale of fresh eggs as such. Briefly, the laws as enacted in regard to the freshness of eggs are now such that all eggs offered for sale as "fresh,"' "strictly fresh," "nearby," "new laid," or words of similar meaning, must meet these requirements : -

The rest of the act deals with the tolerance of variation from the above requirements, and the restriction of sale of "shell treated", or "shell protected" eggs unless properly marked.

Apple Inspection Service

Beginning last season a program of inspection of tWo bushel samples of apples was carried on by the Extension Service of the State College. This work was done at the farm with the object in mind to acquaint the orchardist with the actual analysis of the blemishes on his fruit, giving him such facts as identification of insect and disease injuries, their percentage, and also the run of his fruit as to fancy and below fancy grade. This service is of value to the grower in enabling him to so shape his (Continued on Page 4, Column 3)

The Annual Banquet of the Bristol County Young Farmers' Association to be held Thursday evening, September 26, at seven o'clock will be the liveliest, merriest! happiest!! believe it?" You come and see.

So come! If you're so rheumatic (or otherwise handicapped) that you can't get here, send a word or two of greeting to be read by the toastmaster.

Program

The dairymen's program of the Union Meetings will first consider the use of certain economical cattle feeds whether high or low priced. J. G. Archibald, feed research investigator of the Massachusetts State College Experiment Station, will present this subject. There are feeds upon the market today that can be economically used as dairy feeds and each dairyman should know where substitutions can be made to the best advantage.

The "Present Status of Bang's Disease Testing" to be presented by E. A. Crossman of the United States Department of Agriculture will give the most up-to-date information on the progress (Continued on Page 2, Column 1)

Congress in its hurry to adjourn passed amendments to the Agricultural Adjustment Act which included an adjustment program for potatoes. The program for potatoes is much similar to the Warren Bill that was discussed and explained at potato meetings last winter. Unless the triple A amendments are declared unconstitutional it seems likely that every potato grower in the county who sells more than five bushels of potatoes must apply for his sales quota of potatoes sometime during the coming winter if he is to continue growing potatoes next year. The method of handling the potato control program is quite indefinite but probably will come under the direction of the extension service. When definite details are made known relative to the operation of the potato control program your county agent will acquaint you with them.

Low Down Wagons

With corn harvest season on the farm program again it is time to think about the type of wagon used to haul the corn from the field to the silo. Some of the farms are still using the tip cart, while others are using the ordinary farm wagon that requires two men to load the corn onto it. These wagons are high and require considerable lifting to load them. The engineering Department of the State College has perfected the socalled low down wagon for hauling of bulky farm products such as corn and potatoes. This wagon is constructed by suspending heavy reaches under the front and rear axles of the ordinai-y farm running gear and then building a platform upon it. The load on this type of wagon is only 18 inches above the ground and saves much lifting of heavy farm products.

August

Twenty-eight herds with a total of produce 748 pounds milk and 28. 752 cows, 78 of them dry, averaged to pounds fat, testing 3.87 per cent. TEN HIGH HERDS FOR THE MONTH and reliability of this type of testing to eliminate abortion from the dairy herd. While a few dairy farmers have availed themselves of the government program in eradication of Bang's Disease a great many more are inquiring about the program.

The Regional Market The Boston Regional Farmers' Mar-- ket, which opened up August first is operating successfully. The management states that 80 trucks are selling quality produce on the market each evening and plans are being made for a warehouse to be built before cold weather. Some member of the Board of Directors of this market will be on the afternoon program to tell you of future plans for the market.

The former Commissioner of Agriculture, Dr. A. W. Gilbert, is now with the Agricultural Adjustment Administration, being in charge of information relative to the Agricultural Adjustment programs. Dr. Gilbert knows more about the plans ahead for the Triple A than any other man nearby. He is appearing on the Friday afternoon program to discuss "What is ahead of the A. A. A.". Inasmuch as the potato growers will probably come under a control program in 1936 this should be interesting to nearly every farmer in the county.

There are so many poultrymen in the county who are operating small to medium sized flocks in connection with their regular job to aid in making a living, that the coming of Daniel J. Lambert of Rhode Island to tell us how will be of unusual interest. Everyone knows or has heard of Dr. Lambert with over 50 years of poultry experience to recall, and his experiences are worth the trip.

"Poultry Breeding" as carried on by a practical man in a way that is sensible, not costly, and has been proven out, will be of unusual interest and value to the poultryman. Mr. Roy T. Argood of the Norfolk County Agricultural School will present this topic in a way you cannot help but understand and can use.

More information on "Poultry Disease Control" by Dr. Gibbs of the State College Experiment Station staff. Dr. Gibbs has been down here before and popular demand calls him again. Pest Control

On Thursday afternoon during the latter part of the poultry program some time will be spent in the form of a round table discussion with those appearing on the program on problems along their lines that have come to the poultrymen's minds before and during the program. A freely discussed problem has much to commend it, and it is hoped that a good list of questions will be brought out at that time.

On Friday morning Dr. A. I. Bourne of the Entomology Department and Dr. 0. C. Boyd, Bacteriologist of the Experiment Station will join in a discussion of changes on the new ideas along fruit insect and disease control lines. Dr. J. K. Shaw of the State College staff, will also be here to take up the discussion of newer ideas in fruit growing as changes in variety needs, soil culture, increased yields, and many other factors.

The Bristol County Young. Farmers' Banquet, Thursday evening, Sept. 26, at seven o'clock. If you miss it you'll regret it. Come, and you'll be glad you didn't miss it!

More Students In The Field

Vincent Foster, '36 Just a word about Vincent Foster. He is a fine worker, without a doubt. His father, who buys and sells dairy stock, necessarily keeps a fair sized herd on the farm at all times. Vincent is the herdsman and that is his first love along agricultural lines. He raised 200 fine chicks this year, grew an acre of corn and started a quarter acre of raspberries, interplanted with peas, potatoes, etc. One of his leisure time activities is operating a stump puller to clear land for corn.

Leonard Perreault, '37 Leonard, with his older brother, Raymond, and his father, have recently expanded their retail sales in dressed poultry and eggs. Although they have expanded their own output this season they have been forced to buy extensively in order to fill orders. No doubt Leonard is using his well known abilities for argumentation in high-pressure salesmanship.

Vegetable Gardening Projects

Special credit is due Charles Cheetham for an outstanding project this year. Charles has a large garden and it has been unusually well handled. His expense and income book is always in fine shape for inspection. The drought checked the growth of the garden somewhat, but at present it looks fine.

Donald Nason is doing a fine job. Especially creditable is the greenhouse he is building. He is the first freshman to start a greenhouse project. He has attached his greenhouse to a small poultryhouse. Donald will soon have a small plant such as many of us have long dreamed of owning.

Howard Haskell had the best looking garden, when visited in late August. It had a rather late start, but certainly has overcome that handicap. Howard has successfully transplanted some winter squash which is something few gardeners would attempt to do.

Arthur Long has done remarkably well with a sandy piece of land. Industry and perseverance has brought through a rather discouraging project.

Tennis And Horseshoe Meet

This annual event is scheduled for September 20th. The B. C. A. S. boys have always had a great deal of enjoyment deciding who would win school championship. We hope many of the students who are away from the school will reurn for the contests. If you are to participate, it will be necessary to notify the school immediately in order to take part in the elimination trials.

New Bulletins

"Fish and Shellfisji" is the title of a new bulletin by Miss May E. Foley, State Nutritionist. Information about the kinds of fish commonly used in New England, including the season available and the best method of preparation as well as many interesting recipes are included in this worth while bulletin.

Although our season of hot weather is practically over ice cream remains a popular dessert throughout the year. "Ice Creams Frozen Without Stirring," Leaflet No. 49 from the U. S. Department of Agriculture, gives recipes and deSjCribes methods of preparing this dessert either by use of a mechanical refrigerator or by packing in ice and salt.

of both kinds of food material. Why give it a harder task by making it concentrate on starch at one time and protein at another time? Following out this fad would mean leaving out "breads, breakfast cereals, baked beans and many of the common vegetables, because they contain both starch and pro^ tein.

Anti-fat claims may be and usually are grossly misleading. Average individuals grow fat or thin according to the total number of calories they eat in a day. The one rule for reducing is to cut down on total calories, but include enough of the essential foods for good nutrition.

Facts For Food Faddists

In our concern over the proper food for good nutrition and health, there is sometimes a danger that we will become food faddists. So many theories about food have no scientific foundation. They are often only bugaboos wliich upset the mind rather than the digestion, and should be discarded for scientific facts which will be useful and helpful. A few which may be painful to extract but which are interesting to know are:

Food is not poisoned by being left in opened cans. It will keep just as long and well in an open tin can as in any other container if it is kept cold.

Roughage, all that you normally need, can be had from eating fresh fruits and vegetables without resorting to special preparations. Too much roughage irritates the sensitive lining of the digestive tract. If you have doubts as to how much you need, consult your doctor.

According to Walter B. Pitkin, a man who scores close to 100 per cent in a medical examination will possess the following characteristics of good health:

4. His muscles always have excellent "tone". They are never flabby or sluggish, hence his posture and gait tend to exhibit liveliness and strength.

9. While he may not be blessed with an immense fund of free energy, he is always able to expend the energy he posseaes without excessive fatigue or emotional disturbances.

Work done to secure better physical conditions, both in school and at home, is probably as significant for the morality of children as is any instruction that is given. - George D. Strayer.

Food Buying Classes

Miss May E. Foley, Extension Nutritionist, has outlined a very interesting course of study, the aim of which is to discover how we can keep the cost of food at a minimum without lowering the standards of good nutrition. One of the valuable features of this course will be the discussion of the experiences of the different homemakers in the group.

Homemakers' Program At Young Farmers' Show

A particularly interesting and varied program has been planned for the homemakers' section of the Union Agricultural Meetings on Thursday and Friday, October 10 and 11. The program will start each day with a film presented by Mrs. Albertine Parker Mc- Kellar of the State Department of Public Health. The subject the first day will be "The Healthy Child," and the second day "Food and Gi-owth."

Mr. William R. Cole from the State College will discuss the canning exhibit, answer questions, and describe how simple it is to make all jars of prize winning quality.

We have been fortunate in securing Mrs. Margaret Eggleston Owen, who is widely knowii as a lecturer and storyteller, to speak on the subject "What Can We Do With Our Teen Age Children." Mrs. Owen has a rare understanding of young people through many years experience in working with boys and girls. She has a gift of story-telling that makes her message clear and vital.

Mrs. Annette T. Herr, State Home Demonstration Leader, is expected to take part on the program. A demonstrator from the Bond Baking Company will discuss and illustrate "Attractive Sandwiches." A similar demonstration was very popular during the Farm and Home Week program at Amherst last July.

Three boys from the Boys' Club played for us. The Girl Reserves Glee Club sang. Hester Walker Beall Studio presented two short plays entitled "Reform," and the "Highwayman." The Washington Community Players presented a preview of the "Gods of the Mountain." Everyone enjoyed the entire program.

We held our campfire service Saturday night. Everyone took part in the program. We saw the folk dances from the South and heard one of the State leaders imitating bird calls.

Everyone had a great time at Camp, and will always remember that one week at the Nation's Capital. We returned home with a greater feeling for the need of more 4-H Club work and members who will help to carry on a bettfer living in rural districts and their communities.

Nellie Kut Helen Gurney

Helen Gurney of East Freetown was a 4-H garden club member for four years when she was in grammar school. She won many prizes with her exhibits of flowers and vegetables at fairs during these years. When she graduated from New Bedford High School she went to Normal School in Maine which necessitated dropping 4-H Club Work for a while.

When Helen graduated from Normal School she came back to East Freetown to teach at the Braley School. Here she formed a 4-H Handicraft Club for boys and a 4-H Homecraft Club for girls. Her club members have done very well and have won prizes at the local fairs as well as at the Bristol County Young Farmers' Show.

Helen has also been active in the 4-H Service Club helping on committees to raise money for the club and has had charge of some of the meetings.

In 1934 Helen attended State Camp at Amherst as a Junior Leader in Homecraft. She has done an excellent piece of leadership work, teaching her members many worthwhile things and having banner clubs each year.

Junior Department Of Young

It is the desire ard ambition of those in charge of the Junior Department that this be the best exhibit ever held in quality, quantity, and attractiveness. To attain this standard every club leader and member should do their best to select the highest quality products for exhibition and if possible arrange to bring them to the Show and set them up.

It would be wise to ask for a premium list at once and decide just what you will exhibit. Don't forget that the entries close Wedneday evening, October 9, and for Poultry and Rabbits, Friday, October 4.

If you have any questions concerning the Show please write to Segreganset. Instructions on selection of canned goods, vegetables, poultry, etc., will be gladly sent to you if you will let us know what you want in due season.

In general it might be said that articles exhibited, whether made or raised, should be of high quality, free from blemishes and Imperfections, uniform in ease there are more than one of a kind exhibited, as five potatoes or two jars of canned beans, and clean.

State Garden Exhibit

At the recent State Garden exhibit at Horticulural Hall, Boston, nineteen Bristol County garden club boys and girls made 85 exhibits and won 58 prizes, with a total of $40.00.

Those exhibiting were James Rose, Benjamin Franklin Rose, Kenneth Rose, Harold Rose, John Hyde and Richard Hyde of Berkley; Irving Wyeth, Dighton; Frank Bergeron, Medeicha Pina, Edward Ashley of Freetow'n; John Courchine, Norton; Ralston Read, Rehoboth; Enos White, Gilbert White, Walter Travers, Francis Silvia, Gordon Silvia, Hilda Lewis, Fred Caplin, and Fisher Ames, Jr., of Taunton; and Joseph De Silva of Westport. All but two of the above won one or more prizes.

On the second day of the exhibit a program was held in Horticultural Hall on which Mr. George F. Williams, a local club leader in Attleboro, rendered some fine musical selections on his musical saw.

Poultry Club To Attend Eastern States Exposition Winter Clubs To Start Soon

It will soon be time for starting the fall and winter projects. It is proposed to start these projects, namely Clothing, Food, Homecraft, Poultry, Handicraft, and Forestry, earlier this year than usual, that is, early in October, so that final exhibits will start about April 15 and be all over by May 15.

There is no objection if the clubs start before this time, in fact, it would be better because there will be a little . more time to finish the project.

If any of the older club members who read this wish to become local leaders or assistant local leaders this year, both the Club Agent and his Assistant, Miss Dorothy M. Stewart, will be glad to know of it. The more local leaders we have the more club members can be enrolled and consequently the more good will be done.

Singer Sewing Machine Contest

Eleanor Parker of Acushnet and Rose Lamb of Taunton are the two girls who have won the opportunity to enter the Singer Sewing Machine Contest at Brockton Fair on September 13. Each girl is to cut out and make a garment, while being judged on workmanship, equipment, and knowledge of the sewing machine.

Rehoboth Fair

The third year of the Rehoboth Fair has passed and in spite of the bad weather, Lee Johnson, Chairman of the event, said he thought they would come out on top. Mr. and Mrs. Johnson, Chairman and Secretary of the Fair, respectively, are the ones largely responsible for this fair and to them much credit is due. They have each put in much thought, time, and effort before, during and after the event. They are doing all this for the benefit of their community.

Both Mr. and Mrs. Johnson are just as active workers in the County 4-H Sei-vice Club. They got the spirit of doing things successfully when they were in club work, some twelve or fifteen years ago.

Laneway Farm'S Ayrshires

The Ayrshire herd at Laneway Farm, Taunton, received recognition of its constructive breeding program when it was asked to exhibit its herd at the Eastern States Exposition as a typical Ayrshire farm herd. This herd was established to demonstrate that any farmer, by the purchase of good foundation cows and sires, could breed up a purebred herd of merit and still operate the farm at a profit. This was the goal that the late Mrs. Zechariah Chaffee set when she established this herd, and it is evident that the goal has been attained. No animals have been brought to this farm since herd improvement testing started three years ago and today all the animals except one cow and the herd sire have been . raised on the farm. According to R. C. Dai'ling, the herdsman and manager at Laneway, much of the success in breeding must be attributed to the two sires, Yellow Kate's Exchange 25th and Penshurst Lintel. The 1934 milk and butterfat production figures taken from the Bristol-Plymouth Herd Improvement Association show that the 12 cows averaged to produce 10,450 pounds of milk testing 4.14 percent butterfat and that the total grain consumption which includes grain fed during and while preparing for lactation averaged one pound of grain to 3.7 pounds of milk produced.

This herd when compared to other Ayrshire herds competing in the Ayrshire Association Herd test stands fifth and tops all herds on twice a day milking.

The Ayrshire herd of Ivory Kimball, Rehoboth, in the same comparison, stands 12th and takes second place on twice a day milking with a production of 9,998 pounds of milk and 406 pounds of butterfat.

Soil Testing Glee Club Appointments

If you apply at once it may be possible for you to book the Bristol County Agricultural School Glee Club to sing for you. The Club is available for a limited number of engagements within Bristol County. Those who heard the boys sing last year will know the quality of their program. If you did not, ask someone who did.

The annual meeting of the Bristol County Farm Bureau will be held at the Methodist Church vestry, Dighton, on Friday, November 15. The meeting which will be held in the evening will start with a Winnecunnet turkey supper at 7.00 o'clock. The business session will open at 8.00 o'clock with an address on the "Constitution" by Honorable Joseph B. Warner and this talk will be followed by short reviews of work done by local and State Farm Bureau ofiicers. Tickets for supper will be on sale by members or at the door.

Radio Broadcast Over Wnbh Potato Control

Funds under the Potato Act for making individual allotments to growers have not as yet been made available. Irrespective, however, of the availability of funds to make individual allotments, the Potato Act requires that the National and State allotments be proclaimed. The Agricultural Adjustment Administration has asked the proper authorities whether funds from certain sources to administer the Potato Act can be used. It is hoped that a ruling (Continued on Page 2, Col. 3)

Around The Farms

Apple wipers and sizers were quite noticeable this fall on the fruit farms. Spray residue was quite noticeable and some means of removal was necessary.

Clinton Caldwell of North Attleboro, Bancroft Winsor of Acushnet, and Edwin Burnley of Swansea, all have combination wipers and sizers, which were seen in operation this fall in well arranged packing houses. Several others are equipped with wipers only, and all expressed satisfaction with the idea of wiped fruit.

The Attlebo|pj Ice Company has recently converted their ice manufacturing plant in Taunton into a cold storage for fruit. Their ice storage room was used, and with minor changes was adapted to the holding of fruit for indefinite periods. Several growers took advantage of the change to hold over their Macs and other varieties until the usual glutting of the fall market has passed on. Cold storage, if near the producing areas, has a distinct place in fruit growing, providing costs and management are right.

One of the best egg rooms seen in a long time was found on Joseph Gabriel's poultry farm in Acushnet. Built of field stone gathered on the place and having cement floors and interior construction, it was as cool and clean a place for temporary storage as could be found. Mr. Gabriel is very much pleased with it. He has also constructed in the same way a grain storage building, weather and rat proof as it should be.

Apple Inspection Side Lights

The recent inspection by the Extension Service of county-grown fruit has shown some very pointed facts. The careful check-up on each apple in a two bushel tree run sample from each orchard showed pretty definitely how the grower must carry out his next year's management progi'am.

Apple Inspection Side Lights

(Continued from Page 1) railroad worm) was practically non-existent, and that apple scab was quite prevalent. The cold winters lately have been blamed for a great many things, and it may be that they were responsible for the scarcity of the apple maggot.

As for scab, it seems quite definite that the imposibility of applying a fungicidal spray for about three weeks, between the dropping of the apple petals and the first cover spray, was the cause of the very large amount of scab. The weather during that three week period was either rain, mist, fog or wind in this section of the state. There were short periods of clear weather in between showers and those growers who hustled into ithe orchard then are the ones who had the least scab.

Codling moth does not seem to be very much in evidence. The European Red Mite, however, was found quite frequently. Brooks' Spot was noticeable in some orchards. Color of fruit in most every case was better than usual, a dry fall was responsible for that. Yet this same factor was the cause of a very high drop in fruit this year. This was a common complaint among the growers, especially those who grow the Mcintosh. And from that it went to low prices - the combination of a large amount of scab together with a heavy drop caused a flooding of the market with low grade fruit.

to depend on using the right materials applied for the specific pests at just the proper time. With the railroad worm now in small numbers, every grower should do all he can to keep them down. It is too late now to pick up infested drops as the maggot is in the ground for the winter. For curculio, keep the orchard and surroundings as clean as possible from brush, old, uncut hay, weeds, etc. A delayed dormant oil spray next spring will do a good job in cleaning up the scale and mite. After that, resolve to put all sprays on at the right time in an eflfort to produce only the best of fruit and eliminate the poor quality stuff which has so depressing an eflFect upon the market.

(Continued from Page 1) plications made during the growing season. Lime has the ability to break up insoluble combinations of phospho^rus and nitrogen and liberate these food elements so that the plant can absorb them. The time to plan lime applications is during the winter, yet lime cannot be used intelligently on a piece of land if the soil has not been tested for acidity. The dairymen and market gardeners have received letters suggesting that they have their soil tested this fall. In each letter sent out there was included a return card which can be returned to your county agent requesting that samples of soil be taken and tested. Others not receiving these letters can have soil tested by writing to your county agricultural agent.

Athletics

Bristol County Agricultural School, broke even in the annual tennis tournament -with Norfolk County Agricultural School, October 23, at Segreganset, and defeated the visitors 40-63 in the one and nine-tenths miles cross country run. Essex County School was beaten only two weeks ago by the Segreganset boys.

Running for Bristol in the cross country races were: Lionel Peabody, first, 10 min. 55 sec; Roland Ashley, third; Alfred Adamczyk, fourth; William Hadley, sixth; Gilbert Ward, seventh; Vernon Hopkins, ninth; Waiter Falk, tenth.

For Norfolk, Cottrell come in second; Norling, fifth; Nickerson, eighth; Hansel, eleventh; Ustinovitch, twelfth; Berglund, thirteenth; Wiskallis, fourteenth. Bristol County scored 40 points, while Norfolk scored 65 points.

At tennis, Gilbert Ward of Taunton, for the Bristol Aggies, defeated George Cameron, 7 - 5, 6-2 in the singles. Norfolk won the doubles 6-2, 2-6, 6-3. .Rain forced the postponement of the deciding m.atch. Ellsworth Phillips of Acushnet, and Joseph Foster of Dartmouth played for Bristol in the doubles against John Cushman and Louis Guild for Norfolk.

Mr. William H. Tufts, athletic director for Bristol, and Edwin R. Wyeth, supervisor of tennis, congratulated the students on their splendid showing.

Junior Prom

As usual, the Juniors are making plans for the "biggest and best" dance of the school year. This is the close of the Fall Season, which is always so full of color and gaiety, just before Thanksgiving, November 22nd.

Potato Control

(Continued from Page 1) will be had before the lack of funds seriously interferes with the work of making grower allotments. The allotments to the states were made on the basis of acreage, production and sales during a representative period in previous years in accordance with section 20A of the Potato Act. Apportionments to the states representing the tax exempt sales allotment of potatoes harvested in the allotment year beginning December 1, 1935, have been made as follows !n thousands of bushels: Maine, 32,799; New Hampshire, 955; Vermont, 1,199; Massachusetts, 1,466; Rhode Island, 377; Connecticut, 1,688; New Jersey, 6,129; and so on.

Thanksgiving

From Miss Ruth Mclntire, Recreation Specialist at the State College in Amherst, comes an excellent collection of suggestions for home and community celebrations of Thanksgiving. Games that may be played while father carves the turkey, as well as ideas for community festivals are included.

The first two meetings for leaders in the Food Buying classes have already been held. A discussion of the general principles of good nutrition and the comparative costs of certain foodstuffs in relation to their food value aroused much interest at the first meeting.

Homemade soup was prepared and compared with four popular brands of canned soup as to quality and cost. Attention was drawn to labels on packages and a table was provided whereby one can figure the cost per pound or per pint of the content of the package.

At the second meeting emphasis was placed on the use of vegetables. The difficulty in judging the quality of canned foods by the present method of labelling was discussed. Lettuce, cabbage, celery, spinach and Chinese cabbage were used in a salad.

These vegetables were weighed as purchased, the waste was removed and weighed, then the cost per pound of the edible protein was figured. At the prices prevailing on the day of the meeting cabbage was found to be the cheapest of the five vegetables examined while lettuce was the most expensive.

Onions And Potatoes

"Today any intelligent person knows the antiscorbutic supplements to diet, but back in '98 men with red bleeding gums and loosened teeth they spat like cherry stones, crowded the Dawson river bank as the first scow of freight arrived that spring, and paid 'two bits' a piece for lemons, apples, oranges, potatoes, or onions." - Mary Lee Davis in Uncle Sam's Attic (Alaska).

The wise homemaker who is trying to keep her family well nourished on a limited income will do well to use onions and potatoes frequently. A limited number of copies of a leaflet entitled "Onions and Potatoes in 50 Ways," which was prepared by Miss May E. Foley, is available on application to the Bristol County Extension Service, Segreganset, Mass.

Home Accounts Prove Helpful

In visiting some of those who have been keeping home accounts during the past year we came upon some very interesting facts as to the value of keeping a classified record of income and expenditures. One woman said, "My husband has always earned a good salary until recently. For the past few years our income has come in very irregularly and in such small amounts that he became quite discouraged. By keeping accounts we found that our income over the past year was larger than he had realized. My accounts also showed how this money had been spent. I am more than repaid for the effort of keeping accounts by the encouragement the records gave my husband. We want to continue with them so that we can compare our standing at the end of another year with where we are now."

This story was particularly interesting in view of the fact that some women say, "If we had a steady income I would like to keep accounts." The record can prove even more valuable to the person whose income is irregular. Information regarding home accounts can be obtained by vrriting to the Bristol County Extension Service, Segreganset, Mass.

Adolescence Needs Parent Help

"The period of adolescence, often regarded as difficult if not dangerous, is but a normal period in the growth cycle of children," says Mrs. Ruth D. Morley of the Massachusetts State College. "Rightly handled it can become a time of ease and grace."

"It is easy for us to recognize physical growth," she says, because sleeves and trouser legs become short; but parents may fail to realize the more significant changes that are occuring at this time."

"Mental growth, for example, is going on, and in the last part of the period the child is as mentally capable as the parent, lacking only experience to guide him. In endowing him virith this power, nature urges him to use it," Mrs. Morley says.

"Our job then becomes one of recognizing this maturing power and providing mental stimulus and opportunity for expression, just as we provide new clothes for the growing body."

"We can change awkwardness to ease," Mrs. Morley says, "by helping the child to achieve independence from family ties, to adjust himself to the opposite sex, to find himself with his social grroup, and to prepare him for life's work."

Lillian Cahoon

Lillian Cahoon, of Westport joined the 4-H Clothing Club in 1923 when she was in grammar school. Each year she carried out the 4-H Club motto "To Make the Best Better." In 1927 she was chosen County delegate in Clothing and was awarded a trip to State Camp at Amherst. When she came back home she was even more interested in home economics. In high school she took the home economics course and decided to make this her life work.

Lillian completed seven years in the Clothing Club, five years in Food Club, and four years in Canning Club. Each year, while in high school, she led a club as well as being a leader in the summer later.

In 1931 Lillian entered the State Teachers' College at Framingham as a Vocational Household Arts student. She had won, as a result of various 4-H contests, nearly $200.00 in scholarships which proved very helpful. At school she did dressmaking for others. She made all her own clothes which helped keep the cost down. She managed to get through school on a very limited income for which she deserves touch credit.

In June, 1934, she was assistant cook at the 4-H County Club Camp. Here she became a service club member but, because she has been away, has been inactive.

Lillian was the first member of her family to be a club member but since then her brother enrolled as a Garden Club member. He now is a junior at the Bristol County Agricultural School. Her sister has a fine record in canning and food. Last year she: went to State Camp as Junior Leader in canning. Mrs. Cahoon is a dressmaker but has found time to lead a Clothing Club in the winter and a Canning Club in the summer for several years. This family has altogether been a true 4-H Club family.

Service Club Banquet

The Bristol County 4-H Service Club is going to hold its first annual banquet on the evening of Thursday, November 21, at the West Dighton Parish House. The committee in charge is as follows: D. Lee Johnson, Chairman; Anthony Thatcher and Robert Sharpies, all of Rehoboth.

Anyone interested in club work is privileged to be present with the purchase of a ticket which may be procured from the committee and the following club members or leaders throughout th3 county: Nellie Kut and Lawrence Philla, Acushnet; George F. Williams, Oak Hill Avenue, Attleboro; Herbert Ashley, Berkley; Raymond Harrington, North Dartmouth; Howard Jennings, Easton Center; Helen Gurney, East Freetown; Mrs. Louise Gwilliam, Norton; Alfred Glode, Adamsdale; Joseph Merrill, Raynham Center; Elwood Lindsay, Seekonk; Ida Davis, Stevens street, East Taunton; Harvey Smith and Mrs. Charles A. Tallman, Westport; the County Club Agents.

At a recent regular meeting of Norfolk County 4-H Alumni Association, the following delegates were in attend-. ance from this county: Mr. and Mrs. D. Lee Johnson of Rehoboth; Mrs. Clara M. Ashley of Berkley and Club Agent Edwin R. Wyeth.

The committee in charge of the Junior Department at the recent Young Farmers' Show deserves much credit for planning and carrying through a very creditable exhibit this year. This committee was as follows: Herbert M. Ashley, Berkley, Chairman; Mrs. E. R. Wyeth, Segreganset, Secretary; Mrs. D. Lee Johnson, Rehoboth, Assistant Secretary; Mrs. Herbert M. Ashley, Berkley; Aldo Fasolo, Miss Ida Davis, Taunton, and John Cahoon, Fall River Others who lent a helping hand were Miss Rose Lamb and Miss Ida Fasolo, Taunton, Lawrence and Everett Philla of Acushnet.

Clubs Starting

Poultry, Handicraft and Forestry Clubs for boys, and Clothing, Food and Home Furnishing for the girls, should be under way soon if they are not already. It is quite essential that they do begin soon for it is proposed to have the exhibit season commence on April 15 in the spring instead of on May 1, as has been the usual custom. At least four months are to be given over to winter projects, although five or even six are more desirable. Poultry, of course, runs from November 1 to June 1, although it will not matter a great deal if you start a little after this date.

10 common tools; to learn parts of plane; to make two simple articles and repair one. In advanced work the program is a little more difficult.

Forestry: Learn to identify ten trees and collect wood specimens. Make a simple hypsometer and have one or more hikes and do a few more simple things. Enlargement of collections and other work in advanced years.

The Youngest Poultryman In

Ralph Sherman of Dighton is only 3 years old, yet bids fair to become a valuable member of the 4-H Club. In April he became the possessor of a hen and nine chickens. It was a great event in the life of Ralph; such tender and loving care given the small flock.

His small wheelbarrow is in constant use transporting green clippings from the lawn. Splendid care was given to "Baby", the old hen. She weaned her young brood and pushed them into the cruel world to shift for themselves. She then commenced to fill the egg basket. Ralph learned to listen for "Baby's" cackle and promptly carried the daily egg into the house. With short periods of rest, eggs have been available for custards, eggs on toast, etc.

The youngsters that were pushed out into the world have developed into fine lusty roosters of which "Spider" takes the lead. The young roosters carol in the early morn and can almost talk. Five pullets are singing and have combs like cherries. They are dandies.

The care that this little family of chicks get, and the results could be copied by grown-up poultrymen. Ask Ralph how his chickens are and see his eyea sparkle.

The Canadian Tariff Treaty

The Canadian Trads Treaty becomes effective January 1. This treaty reduces or removes entirely the duty on 125 agricultural products going into Canada from the United States and the United States in turn reduces the tariff on restrictive quotas of imports on 19 agricultural products coming from Canada. The imports that Bristol County is interested in are cream, seed potatoes and cows. The duty on these imports is reduced for a restricted volume of each product imported each year. After the previously determined volume has been imported, the old duty goes into effect on the volume imported during the remainder of the year. The reduction- in duty on cream is 21.6 cents per gallon on one and one half million gallons of cream and this volume equals eight-tenths of one per cent of all cream produced in the North Atlantic States. While this volume may not be large, the fact that this cream is available will have a depressing effect on cream and indirectly butterfat prices each year until the quota is entirely used. This will lower butterfat prices in Bristol County for surplus milk. The duty of 3 cents per hundred-weight on cattle is cut in half for the first 2000 cows imported annually. This reduction may relieve the temporary high prices paid for dairy cows in Bristol County.

The reduction of duty on seed potatoes from Canada from 75 cents to 60 cents per bushel from December 1 to March 1 enables the Maine grower to sell his seed to the southern grower with a fair amount of tariff protection but on March 1 each year the tariff is again reduced to 45 cents per bushel. Only a total of 750,000 bushels may come into the United States with a reduced tariff. The tariff on table stock will not be reduced by the trade treaty. The import duties on apples is reduced 10 cents per bushel, live and dressed poultry 4 cents per pound and horses $10 per head.

While the reduced duty on cream may result in a slight reduction in surplus milk prices the farmers in Bristol County will tend to benefit from the reciprocal trade agreement. The tariff reductions on Canadian agricultural products occur on products that Bristol

Calendar

County farmers buy. The reduction in Canadian tariffs allows manufactured products from the United States to enter more readily and this will help our industrial centers upon which local agriculture rests.

Home Mixing Of Grain

With three months of rather slack work on the farm ahead of most dairy farmers it appears that home mixing of dairy rations would be economical and profitable. Good 20 percent dairy rations can be mixed at home for around $31 per ton. The ration suggested is 500 pounds of corn meal, 300 pounds of oat feed, 400 pounds of wheat bran, 400 pounds corn distiller's grain, 200 pounds cotton seed meal, 200 pounds linseed oil meal. Where good clover or purchased alfalfa is fed as hay, it is economical to cut the standard 20 per cent rations down to 18 per cent rations by adding 2 bags of corn meal or homing to 8 bags of 20 per cent ready mixed rations.

Mulch Improves Strawberry Crop

Of all the practices recommended for the Massachusetts strawberry grower, that of mulching is the most uniformly profitable, according to W. H. Thies of Massachusetts State College. A good mulch over the strawberry bed acts almost like magic. It protects the plants from freezing damage and conserves

To any poultryman who may be on a cross county trip from Fairhaven to North Attleboro, it is quite apparent that the flock population of the county is on the increase. Very few laying houses, unless fundamentally wrong in design are empty, and there are many new houses, especially of the multiple story type. Henry Jackson of Acushnet is housing 2000 Barred Rocks in a new two-story laying house. Kendrick Brothers of Freetown have just completed another house for 1000 Reds. Manuel Lemos of Dartmouth now has three laying houses, each 200 feet long by 20 feet deep, the latest one built this summer.

And so it goes across the county and beyond. The reason for the development seems to be that of renewed courage in the industry. A glance at the egg prices at Brockton during the last year shows a definite improvement in '35 prices over those of '34. From the middle of January until the first part of October of this year, top prices on Massachusetts Special Eggs was consistently higher than the same period in '34 with but one exception in March.

There is increased interest in fall hatched chicks. So much so that a number of the breeder hatcheries are operating their machines at near capacity. These chicks are going to be disposed of as broilers, but many of the pullets will be used for replacements of the older layers, when mortality begins to take its toll in the spring. Some poultrymen are using these fall hatched pullets which begin laying at the upturn of the egg prices as a means of steadying their egg market particularly if it is of a summer trade type.

A common wail among the fruit growers, "What is the matter with the apple market?" A review of the Boston prices for 1934 to 1935, taken from the Apple reports of the Bureau of Markets, shows that the same grade of cold storage Mcintosh was selling last season for about seventy-five cents a crate more than this year. That represents a 33 per cent decrease fi-om last year's

Twenty-eight herds with a total of 766 cows, with 75 of them dry, averaged to produce 697 pounds milk and 28.2 pounds fat with an average test of 4.04 per cent.

Mulch tends to hold down weeds. It keeps the berries clean, and it holds back spring blossoms long enough to prevent injury from late frosts.

"I have made many comparisons of mulched and unmulched strawberry plantings," said Mr. Thies, "and have never yet heard a grower argue that mulching doesn't pay." One man with 30 square yards of berries bought a bale of straw for mulching at a cost of 90 cents, but harvested about 70 quarts of berries instead of the 35 quarts he had obtained when he did not mulch.

No mulch has proved better for Massachusetts growers than good straw. Straw does not pack down like leaves and does not smother the plants. Corn stalks are too loose and bulky; pine needles are good when used in sufficient quantity. Early cut hay works fairly well, as does millet cut before the seeds are entirely ripe. But good straw is the best.

Mr. Thies recommends that mulch be applied the first of December. By that time the ground is likely to be frozen somewhat, but the weather has not been cold enough to damage the strawberry roots. Earlier application of the mulch interferes with leaf activity.

(Continued from Page 1 price. In the case of cellar Macs the drop is about 50 per cent at the present time. Similar differences occur in the Baldwins. The buyers will tell you that these low prices are due to (1) the inability of the public to pay more, (2) the great increase in the size of the crop over that of last year, and (3) the large shipments of fruit coming in by train and truck from the Middle Atlantic states. Apparently, there is not much that the fruit grower can do about these factors. He has always been told that "nearness to market" was a very important factor to consider in establishing an orchard; this same factor being a favorable one in regard to his possible profits. Yet today fruit from a thousand miles away is put into our markets at a price that seriously disturbs our local prices. More economies in purchasing materials, more efficiency in labor and the sprayer with a constant effort to produce a higher percentage of the upper grades of fruit seems to be the goal for which the grower must strive.

The practice of fall feeding of wheat, rye, barley and in some cases oats is spreading rapidly in Bristol County. This is a profitable and economical way to furnish good green pasture during October and November. Roger Chase of Brayton Point, Somerset, sowed 25 acres of wheat, oats and rye after harvesting crops of potatoes and sweet corn. These crops furnished more than enough feed for 20 milking cows and there is plenty of growth left for a cover crop. Milk production has been close to 600 pounds per day with a total grain feeding of 150 pounds per day and one bushel of silage. The pasturing of cover crops is profitable and economical. The cover crop should be sowed in late August or early September. Cover crops sowed in October will not produce pasturage worth feeding.

B. C. A. S. Alumni Muster

Last year this event was well attended by graduates and we hope you will come again this year. It is your chance to see some of the members of the old teams back on the floor. Perhaps they have changed in some respects, but lets cheer them along.

As usual the numerals of the class with the largest percentage attendance of its members will be engraved on the Alumni Muster Honor Record Plaque. You can help your class by being present.

Inter-Scholastic Live Stock Judging Contest

In the Poultry Judging Contest Bristol stands seventh with John Cahoon high man for the team. He stands 19th out of 37 individuals, winning 400 out of a possible 600.

In the Live Stock Judging Contest, Bristol stands seventh out of twenty schools. John Bartley stands second, with a score of 506 out of a possible 600. In the Dairy Judging he is still second, and Vincent Foster is tenth out of 78 contestants.

This is the first elimination contest for the year and the twenty highest men go to Amherst in March, so that this leaves these three men still in the running, Foster, Bartley, and Cahoon.

Our judging teams. Poultry under Mr. H. 0. Woodward, and live stock under Mr. D. A. Millard, are not usually spectacular, but there Is a consistency in their work.

Christmas Greens

This leaflet is divided into three parts, the first dealing with the subject of gathering greens for Christmas. Mr. Parmenter, Extension Forester, suggests, "At Merry Christmas let no woodland suffer devastation by your hand." He then describes the many types of material available and tells how to gather them without injuring future growth.

The second section by Mr. Arnold Davis, gives careful and detailed directions for making Christmas wreaths and Centerpieces. The third section gives instructions for preparing pine cones to give color when they are burned in fireplaces.

The habit of making good resolutions at New Year's is an old one and many people feel that a certain amount of good luck attends any venture started at the beginning of the New Year.

Several families who have attempted to keep household accounts in the past but who for one reason or another failed to complete the year, have said that they are planning to start again on January 1, 1936.

Why not make a resolution to keep track of the family dollars and take advantage of the incentive to start anew at the beginning of the New Year?

Food Buying Classes

"Make sure first of the protective foods, especially for the children, then buy the other foods you need" as quoted from the Bureau of Home Economics, has been the slogan of our Nutrition study groups this fall.

Meats and meat substitutes was the subject discussed at the third meeting, and Grain Products will be the subject of the fourth meeting which will have been held by the time the Bulletin reaches you.

Answer: There are several reasons. They are cheaper than fresh fruits because they are dried when fruits are plentiful and distributed when other fruits are scarce. Fresh fruits keep only a comparatively short time after they are harvested, and so the market is flooded at certain times af the year and limited at other times. Then the transportation charges on dried fruits are much less than on canned ones, because fresh fruits take up more space and require refrigeration. The difference in the cost between canned and dried fruits is mostly in the matter of transportation.

Answer: Sulphur dioxide is used in bleaching all but sun-dried apricots. It is not used in large enough amounts to be harmful but as an extra precaution it is well to cook the apricots with the cover off. This will allow the sulphur dioxide gas to go off into the air. This is a good procedure anyway if one wishes to keep the shape of the fruit.

Answer: There are two methods of preparation. One is to wash thoroughly, soak overnight and cook until tender in the water in which they were soaked. Another method is to wash, cover well with boiling water, let stand one hour and then cook until tender. If they are soaked over night they cook more quickly.

Answer: California prunes are best cooked without sugar. Oregon prunes need a small amount of sugar. Most persons prefer some sugar added to apricots. From one-half to one cup of sugar to one pound of fruit is recommended, depending upon the individual taste.

Home Made Toys

A particularly timely bulletin entitled "Home Made Toys from Materials to be Found in Any Home", prepared by Mrs. Ruth D. Morley, Child Development Specialist, has just been received in this offiee. It contains many suggestions for homemade toys from materials to be found in any home. Copies may be obtained by addressing the Extension Service, Segreganset, Mass.

Use Corn Popper Not Birch Switch

"Open up your homes, roll back the rugs, get out the old song book and the corn popper. Give your children the thrill of hiking, climbing, skating, swimming, and cooking in the open air."

These activities are the best means of preventing shallow and lop-sided development of children, according to Mrs. Ruth D. Morley, extension specialist in child development at Massachusetts State College. If parents teach their children the satisfaction that comes from many-sided development, boys, and girls will not find pleasure only in petting and emotional stimulation, she says.

Mrs. Morley urges parents to help their children to find joy in the expression of their own capacities rather than in the vicarious experiences in the movies and radio. While both movies and radio have a proper place in our culture, she says, children need aid in making a sane evaluation of their place in relation to other activities.

In the process of growing up every child needs to find himself in relation to others, especially in the group of his own age, Mrs. Morley explains. "He should therefore be allowed freedom for social experiences with just enough supervision to see that he engages in constructive activities."

"If boys and girls have had opportunities to be with other children and do interesting things with them; if they have learned what contributions they can make to their group; if they have developed a keen sense of social responsibility, they will have little difficulty at the adolescent period."

Songs That Live

Songs that Live is the title for the 1936 Music Appreciation program. Several clubs are planning to carry this program and learn to sing the songs. It is hoped that every club will learn at least two of these songs so that we may have a grand sing at Round-up Day.

John Perry, Jr

John Perry, Jr., of North Dartmouth, joined the 4-H Club first as a Poultry Club member in 1928. He has been active both as a club member or a local leader practically all the time since. John has been in the Poultry project two years, the Garden project four years, and the Forestry project two years.

John's work in the Vegetable Gardening project has always been of the highest possible grade and on one occasion he was the runner-up in the state-wide Garden Contest.

He has been a leader of the local Garden Forestry and Handicraft Club projects and this year is leading the local Nature Club in his community at the Hixville School. All of the boys who have belonged to John's Clubs are very fond of him and consequently he gets good results.

Last year he was one of the Counselors at the County Camp and we have never had a better one. He was on hand at all times and all occasions and has always been very helpful, willing and courteous. All of the campers have begged to have John return next year and we sincerely hope he will.

Besides his activities in club work John has been a very important factor in the running of the home farm. On the Perry farm there is Poultry, Dairy, and Fruit, and of course, there is always a fine large vegetable garden of an acre or two where vegetables are raised formarket as well as for the home.

This past year John, with the help of his father, has raised some 2000 chickens and has done a good job of it. This is their major farm project.

John does a large share of the farm work, marketing, etc., as his father is a local meat inspector and is not at home a great deal of the time.

First Annual Banquet

The first annual banquet of the Bristol County 4-H Service Club which was recently held in the Parish House of the West Dighton Church, was a great success.

The event reflected both the enthusiasm and pep of the club and the committee in charge. The committee was composed of D. Lee Johnson of Rehoboth. Chairman, and Robert Sharpies and Anthony Thatcher, also of Rehoboth.

There were 100 in attendance, most of whom were either active club members, club alumni, or local club leaders. Thirty-two of those present had at one time or other attended the State Camp, either as County Champions, State Champions or Local Leaders.

Practically every city and town in the county was represented at the banquet and in addition representatives from the State Club office at Amherst and the Norfolk County 4-H Department at Walpole, were present.

"Tony" Thatcher was our genial and competent toastmaster, who introduced the following speakers: "Uncle George" Farley, Director George H. Gilbert, Club Agent Hilton Boynton of Norfolk County; Miss Marion Keyes, President of the Norfolk County 4-H Alumni; Miss Ida Davis, President of the Bristol County 4-H Service Club; Robert Sharpies of Rehoboth, Past President of our County Service Club; Mrs. D. Lee Johnson of Rehoboth; Elizabeth Gilson and Francis Silvia of Taunton, Camp Spirits of the 1935 County Camp; Miss Dorothy M. Stewart and Edwin R. Wyeth, County Club Agents. Miss Eunice Goodell played violin solos, accompanied at the piano by her mother, Mrs. Trenor Goodell.

It was a great occasion and never to be forgotten. It also served as a great reunion of old club friends and we trust that the affair will be continued annually.

A county-wide 4-H Poultry Judging School was held recently at the Bristol County Agricultural School. Although it was a terribly stormy day 16 boys with their leaders journeyed from Dartmouth, Westport, Attleboro, Berkley and Taunton, to the school.

Mr. Earl H. Nodine, Assistant State Club Leader, spent the first part of the morning giving the boys a talk and demonstration on judging. This was followed by a contest in which the boys judged three classes of birds. The boys winning first, second and third, respectively, were as follows: David Briggs, Attleboro; Walter Strachecki, North

If a team goes to the Boston Poultry Show to judge in the Junior Contest there in January, these four boys will probably be selected to represent this county.

Conservation Clubs

The program of work includes the study of any four of the following eight topics in nature: Fish, birds, trees, flowers, ferns, frogs, fires and wild animals. Some of the meetings are hikes and a cook-out or two are held outside during the season, if possible. Notebooks are kept by the members.

Leaders Get-To-Gether

A county-wide leaders' meeting was held on Thursday, November 7, at the Bristol County Agricultural School Dining Hall. A supper prepared by leaders was served at 6.30 to 30 members. Forty-three leaders attended the meeting after supper when the work of the year was outlined.

Mr. George L. Farley, State Club Leader, gave an inspiring talk and conducted a candle light service for new leaders. Moving pictures were shown by Mr. Forrest R. Gilson of the Bristol County Agricultural School staff. A recreational period followed. Songs were sung with Ida Davis at the piano. Two short skits were successfully given, one by Avis Worthington and Francis Silvia of Taunton and the other by Ida Davis of Taunton and Howard Jennings of Easton. Those present were as follows: Acushnet, Miss Anna Orlowski, Miss Blanche A. Rogers; Attleboro, George R. Williams; Berkley, Miss Susie J. Davis; Dartmouth, Raymond Harrington, Mrs. Marion B. Goodwin; Dighton, Charles Wyatt, Helen Mitton; Easton, Howard H. Jennings, Mrs. G. H. Jennings; Norton, Mrs. Louise M. Gwilliam; New Bedford, Veronica Gryss, Nellie Kut; Rehoboth, Mrs. Doris Johnson, Eelyn C. Salley; Swansea, Mrs. Florence L. Pontes, Edna B. Mendoza; Taunton, Mrs. Ruth Andrews, Sophie Bator, Margaret Rusconi, Willard Chace, Joseph Rusconi, Rinaldo Ascherio, Ida Davis, Barbara Gilson, Betty Gilson, Marjorie E. Webster, Francis Silvia, Edward Piehota, William Lamb, Albert Gray, Florence Silvia, Marjorie Collins, Avis L. Worthington, Gilbert White, Rose Lamb, Mrs. Marion G. Webster, Marjorie E. Horton; Westport, Harvey H. Smith.

Poultry Problems

It is probably true that the costs in securing Federal Farm Loans are somewhat higher than are the costs of farm loans from many of our other loaning institutions.

While most institutions making farm loans cover a very limited territory and make loans only to farmers with whom they are acquainted, the Federal Farm Loan system makes loans over a large area and for the most part to farmers who are entire strangers. Farms must be appraised at considerable distance from the loaning headquarters and the character and the ability of the applicant must be ascertained by an appraiser who comes from a distance.

Since the National Farm Loan Association is a co-operative organization and each loan must be approved and endorsed by the local loan association it is necessary that some representative of the local association appraise the property and make a check upon the applicant. In other words two separate appraisals must be made before a Federal Land Bank loan can be closed. This adds somewhat to the cost.

Another cost which is usually higher with a Federal Farm Loan is the expense in connection with the title work. The Federal Land Bank must work on a margin of not over one per cent between what the bank receives in interest on the loans and the interest paid on its bonds. Most other loaning agencies have a margin of at least three percent for their operating costs. This means that the bank must take every precaution to see that the loans are good loans and that the title to the property offered as security for the loan is a good title.

Experience has shown in our Association during the last eighteen years that approximately half of the borrowers applying for loans do not have adequate title to their farms. In most instances our attorney has been able to clear up the title defects but of course this adds to the cost.

The month of January is inventory season. Last year 218 farm inventory books were mailed out to farmers in answer to requests for these books. Again this year we are desirous of seeing more farm inventories taken and the farm inventory books are available free to any one requesting them.

An inventory of the farm should be taken on each farm for the following reasons : to show what one actually owns and its value; to furnish a starting point for a system of farm accounts; to provide information for a Credit Statement and to give a list of property in case of fire or in settling an estate.

Your County Agent will visit your farm to assist you in taking an inventory of your farm and also discuss your financial set-up if you wish. The Extension Service has farm account books suitable for poultrymen, market gardeners and dairymen for sale at fifty cents each and will be mailed to anyone requesting one.

Keep These Dates For Bristol

After each game dancing in the school auditorium until 11.30. The new Bristol Orchestra under the leadership of Mr. Tufts will give us music that will make your toes tingle!

Basketball Schedule

For replacement of one's own flock there seems to be no better source than well culled yearling hens. Selected for vigor and vitality, breed characteristics, sound health and a busy disposition, together with indications of a long pullet year production of 24 ounce or better eggs of the right shell texture, color, and shape, these hens should produce a strong livable chick with a long life span, provided, of course, that one remembers that the males in the pens should show their good points, too. If at all possible, see that the head of the pen has something to be proud of in back of him. He cannot transmit to his daughters those desirable characteristics of a good strain if they are not already in the family album. Pedigree records will show these, of course.

A good habit to get into is to spend about ten minutes every day or so in looking over your breeding pens if you depend upon flock matings. Check up on all birds that appear underweight, rangy birds that have a tendency to "legginess", too heavy or "beefy" individuals, and timid birds or any that are always on the run from the others; these should be removed to avoid lowering the inherent vigor of the off-spring.

A timely and worthwhile article on economics on the poultry farm has just been issued by Professor F. H. Branch, Extension Economist of Massachusetts State College. It is of value to Bristol County poultrymen because of our large number of business flocks that are being operated by the owner for the money there is in it. We know that today the profits in the work are not big enough to allow us to neglect any possible economies of operation.

One of the biggest leaks in the Massachusetts poultry business is the failure to keep enough hens, Mr. Branch says. Plants with less than 1000 birds do not offer very great income opportunities, if the owner is dependent on poultry alone and has only a wholesale market for his eggs. Kept in conjunction with other farm enterprises,

Federal Farm Loans

(Continued from Page 1, Column 1) The local attorney prepares this abstract and forwards it to the title department of the Federal Land Bank. Someone from the title department searches the title and instructs the local attorney what points must be cleared up before the loans can be closed.

Coming down to actual figures the costs vary somewhat with individual loans and probably to some extent with different Farm Loan Associations.

Some of the costs are fixed charges. For instance a charge of one per cent of the amount of the Federal Land Bank loan is made at the time of closing the loan as a fee to the local Association. This is practically the only income which the Association has to cover operating costs. For every loan under $75.00 the Federal Land Bank requires an appraisal fee of $10.00. When the loan is closed a title determination fee of $5.00 is charged.

In considering the costs it should be remembered that most Federal Land Bank loans run for a thirty-three year period and that there are no further costs after the loan is once secured.

At the present time Federal Land Bank loans are written at 4 per cent, interest and such loans remain at 4 per cent, interest for the full thirtythree years.

The total interest and principal payments over a period of thirty-three years on a $1,000 loan amount to only $1,676.50 when the loan is entirely paid up while the interest alone on a 6 per cent loan during this same period amounts to $1980.00 and the borrower would still owe the principal ($1,000) at the end of thirty-three years.

The costs of the Land Bank Commissioner loans are approximately the same as Federal Land Bank loans. The interest rate on these loans, however, is 5 per cent.

Land Bank Commissioner loans are now available for part-tTme farmers and are also available for full time farmers to supplement Federal Land Bank loans. On a combination of the two loans, a farmer who is eligible can borrow up to 75 per cent, of the fair sale value of his farm.

Failure to operate the plant at capacity throughout the year causes another important leak. Overhead costs go on whether the houses are full or only half full of layers, and the same is true of labor costs. This leak can be stopped by hatching two lots of pullets, one early and one late, and by keeping through the late summer and fall the yearling hens that are finishing their first year's lay.

A third leak in the poultry business is failure to plan ahead so that a large proportion of the year's egg supply will be produced during the late summer and fall months when egg prices are rising. Here again, hatching two lots of pullets rewards the poultryman. He can also retain the best of the yearling hens through the fall months, force them for egg production, and dispose of them before winter sets in.

Keeping too many old hens is likely to cut into poultry profits unless they fit into the breeding program. Records show definitely that labor returns per bird on the entire flock decrease as the proportion of old hens increase above 20 per cent. Of course, it is good business to keep the best of the yearling hens through the fall until they stop laying, but from then until late winter they usually do not lay enough to pay their feed bill.

Failure to maintain a high rate of egg production causes heavy loss and is perhaps best controlled by buying quality chicks from proven sources of supply. The failure to control disease is another potent reason for decreased profits and is closely related to the factors of operating capacity and egg production.

Labor costs, too, must be kept down, says Mr. Branch. This is generally a question of having the right size flock for the amount of labor available. A two-man poultry farm should have enough hens to keep two men busy and not just a few more than one man can care for. Good arrangement and convenience within the laying houses and on the range influence labor costs. Planning work ahead and having a definite chore schedule is also important.