College Township (part 2 of 3)

Kenyon's second president was Charles Pettit Mcllvaine, D. D., D. C. L. (oxon), who came to Gambler at the early age of thirty-three. Born in the same year in which George Washington died, he bore a close resemblence to the Father of his Country, both in appearance and character. He looked a king among men; he was great, also, as a thinker and an orator. He had already filled the office of chaplain at West Point, and had won renown in the great centers of Washington and New York.

Such a man, coming to Gambler, could not but be warmly welcomed. He saw at once, moreover, the importance of the institutions, and girded himself to labor in their behalf. New buildings were much needed. Besides, there was an accumulation of debt. Bishop Mcllvaine, therefore, before establishing himself in Ohio, solicited aid, chiefly in the eastern cities, and received in all nearly thirty thousand dollars, the larger part of which was contributed by friends in Brooklyn and New York. This was done in 1833. Without thu help thus opportunely given by the new bishop, Kenyon must have perished, the trustees having determined that it would be impossible for them, as things were, to carry on the college.

The first by-law passed under bishop Mcllvaine's admini-jlration is characteristic : " It shall be the duty of every student of the college and giammar-school, on meeting or passing the president, vice-president, any professor, or other officer of the institution, to salute him or them by touching the hat, or uncovering the head, and it is equally required of each officer to return the salutation. " recitation was held at twenty minutes after five. In the summer the first bell rang before sunrise, and the second at sunrise, for prayers. At nine o'clock in the evening all lights had to be put out, and all students to go to bed. The professor of chemistrv' was also physician to the college. Each morning he attended at his oflSce to see the sick, and excuse persons to be absent on that account. Xo plea of sickness was allowed without the doctor's written certificate.

In those days the diocese of Ohio was poor, and so Kenyon college paid the salary of the bishop. The arrangement was not strictly just, for Kenyon received only a part of the bishop's lime and energy. So strongly did bishop Mcllvaine feel the injustice of this arrangement that he finally took a resolute stand, and the college was no longer taxed for his support.

He was necessarily absent from Gambler much of the time ; so a vice-president was elected, who was his representative when absent, and who governed in the ordmary college affairs. Dr. William Sparrow was the first vice-president.

President Hayes entered Kenyon as a student in the fall of the year 1838, and was graduated in 184:2. A classmate writes that for the first two years of his course he did not really lead his class, but had a reputation as a reader of newspapers, and as a person well informed in politics. He afterward came rapidly to the front in scholarship, taking a particulariy high stand in mathematics and logic, and was graduated with the honors of his class. His commencement address, "College Life," with the N-aledictory, is still spoken of in terms of the highest recommendation. The uniform suit of the class, worn at graduation, would now look somewhat strange. It consisted of a coat of blue Kentucky jeans, with black velvet collar, a white waistcoat and white linen trowsers.

A college friend of President Hayes has written: "I recollect him as one of the purest boys I ever knew. I have always recollected of him that in our most intimate, unresen-ed, private intercourse, I never knew him to entertain for a moment an unmanly, dishonest or demoralizing thought. And when we met in after life, in scenes which called for the highest manhood and patriotism, I found the man to be e.xactly what his boyhood had promised.

Hon. Stanley Matthews says of him : "Hayes, as a boy, was notorious for having on his shoulders not only the levelest but the oldest head in college. He never got in any scrapes, he never had any boyish foolishness ; he never had any wild oats to sow; he was sensible, not as some men are, at the last, but sensible from the beginning."

The following incident of President Hayes' college life may almost seem prophetic. We give it in the words of his intimate friend, Hon. Guy M. Bryan, of Texas, the facts having been certified to us by the President himself:

"There were in those days two rival literary societies in the college - the Philomathesian and the Xu Pi Kappa; the last known as the Southern society, and the first as the Xorthern, because the students of the slave States belonged to the one, and those from the free States to the other. The college for years had been largely patronized from the Southern States, but this patronage gradually waned until, in the winter of T841, there were so few Southern students in the college that the members of the Xu Pi Kappa were apprehensive that the society would cease to exist for want of new members. This was a serious question with the members of the society. I determined to open the subject to my intimate friend Hayes, to see if we could not devise some mode to prevent the extinction of the society.

which was chartered by the State, and had valuable property. We talked over the subject with all the feeling and interest with which we would now discuss the best means of bringing about an era of good feeling between the two sections of the country. At last Hayes said, 'Well, I will get "Old Trow," Comstock and some others to join with me, and we will send overa delegation from our society to yours, and then we can make new arrangements so that both societies can live in the old college.' He and I then went to work to consummate our plan. Ten members of the Philomathesian joined the Xu Pi Kappa. A joint committee was then appointed from the two societies, that reported a plan by which students could enter either society without reference to Xorth or South. Thus Hayes, by his magnanimity, perpetuated the existence of the Xu Pi Kappa society, and should he be elected President, I earnestly hope that he may be equally successful in his best efforts in behalf of a civil policy which will wipe out forever the distinction between Xorth and South in the government of our common country." The following. letter from President Hayes, written after his last election as Governor, may be taken as fairly representative of the kindly feelings entertained by the graduates of the college in general:

"Fremont, Ohio, October 13, 1875. My Kenyon Friends: A host of congratulatory dispatches are before me. I can not acknowledge with even a word of thanks the most of them. But yours, first to be replied to, touches me particularly. Accept my thanks for it. I hope you will all have reason to remember old Kenyon with as much satisfaction as I do. I have no more cherished recollections than those which are associated with college life. Except the four years spent in the Union army, no other period of my life is to be compared with it. I hope you may all have equal reason always to think of Kenyon as I do.

For instruction, thirty dollars; for board at the college table, forty dollars; room rent in a room with a stove, four dollars; room rent in a room with a fire-place, six dollars; for theologidal students and sons of clergymen the total charge was fifty dollars.

Those were the days when the boys were required "to sweep their own rooms, make their own beds and fires, bring their own water, black their own boots, if they ever were blacked, and take an occasional turn at grubbing in the field, or working on the roads." The discipline was somewhat strict, and the toil perhaps severe, but the few pleasures that were allowed were thoroughly enjoyed.

During the President's school-days there were two great men at Gambler, Bishop Mcllvaine and Dr. William Sparrow. There were other eminent men among the instructors: Major Douglass was a man of ability, and the traditions which still linger in the place concerning Professor Ross clearly show that he was possessed of remarkable power; but Bishop Mcllvaine and Dr. Sparrow were pre-eminently great men - men whose greatness has been felt as an educating influence on both sides of the AUeghanies. Bishop Mcllvaine's was a divided duty, for in addition to his college labors he had the care of a large and struggling diocese; while Dr. Sparrow gave to Kenyon his full and undivided strength, and so had the stronger hold upon the students. He led them not only wisely and bravely, but faithfully, and with a true heart. President Hayes speaks of him as "one of the giants;" Secretary Stanton also honored I him through life, and sent for him in his later days that he j might be baptized at his hands.

Until the year 1840 there was a joint faculty of theology and arts in Gambler. At that time separate faculties were constituted with separate heads, Bishop Mcllvaine continuing at the head of the Theological seminary, while Major D. B. Douglass, LL.D., was elected to the presidency of the college. Major Douglass was an accomplished civil engineer, a soldier and "every inch a man." He began his work earnestly in Gambler, and improvement was the order of the day. But the time was not ripe for him. He was succeeded within a few years by Rev. Dr. S. A. Bronson.

The chief event accomplished during Dr. Bronson's presidency was a sale of a large portion of the college lands. Though of very considerable value, these lands, from the first, had brought to the institution only the scantiest returns. One agent after another had been employed to oversee them. The raising of sheep proved disastrous ; the culture of wheat could not be made to pay. Many of the tenants turned out to be either shiftless or dishonest. So, in the year 1850, after much discussion, it was determined that the form of the investment should be changed, and the lands were ordered to be sold.

Almost immediately there came increased prosperity. Happily, too, at this juncture, Lorin Andrews, LL.D., was elected president. The friend and champion of popular education in Ohio, he found helpers in every county of the State. The list of students was quickly swelled, so that in 1855 "room for enlargement" was a thing of necessity. Presidents Andrews resigned in 1861 to enter the Union army. He was the first volunteer from Ohio, entering the service as colonel of the Fourth Ohio infantry. Very soon, however, he contracted dis- .ease, from the effects of which he died. His body rests in a quiet nook of that college park, which so often echoed to his step. With President Hayes, he was for a lime a member of the class of 1842.

His successors in the office of president of Kenyon college have been Charles Short, LL.D. (1863-67), James Kent Stone, A.M. ti867-68), Eli T. Tappan, LL.D. (1868-75), William B. Bodine, D.D., the present incumbent.

The rolling years have brought added endowments to Kenyon, though she still waits for such large benefactions as have been given to colleges in the eastern states. Upon the occasion of his latest visits to his native land, Mr. George Peabody contributed the endowment of one professorship (twenty-five thousand dollars), chiefly out of regard and affection for Bishop Mcllvaine, his early and life-long friend. Mrs. R. B. Bowler, of Clifton, Cincinnati, gave the sum requisite for another professorship, in memory of her husband, whose interest in Kenyon had been warmly manifested. Mr. Jay Cooke bestowed thirty thousand dollars in the days of his large prosperity. Other considerable sums have also been received, chiefly through the exertions of a long tried and devoted advocate and helper, Rt. Rev. Gregory Thurston Bedell, D.D. By his ardent and faithful endeavors, Bishop Bedell has secured contributions for Gambier, in all amounting to nearly two hundred thousand dollars.

This sketch has been written with special reference to Kenyon in the past. A rapid glance at the buildings of the institution may help to give an idea of her development and growth, and of her capacities for present usefulness.

Bexley Hall

Be.xley hall stands upon a knoll at the northern extremity of the village. It was erected for the e.xclusive use of the Theological seminary, after a design given by the architect of the London crystal palace. It contains the library of the seminary - about seven thousand volumes - and furnished rooms, each with separate bed-rooms, for thirty-four students.

The College park is about half a mile in the opposite direction; a broad and well shaded avenue leads the way thereto. Near the southernmost point of this park, just upon the brow of the hill, and overlooking for miles the charming Kokosing valley, stands the more massive and venerable edifice of Kenyon college. This building is of plain stone, one hundred and ninety feet long, and four stories high, including the basement; with battlements, pinnacles, belfry, and a spire one hundred and seventeen feet high. It contains upwards of fift\' rooms for students; also the libraries of the Philomathesian and Nu Pi Kappa societies.

Rosse hall, a substantial stone building in Ionic architecture, is used for lectures and rhetorical exercises on commencement occasions, and is capable of accommodating nearly a thousand persons.

Close by old Kenyon stands Ascension hall, an imposing structure, and one of the finest college buildings in the land. It contains two spacious and elaborately furnished halls for the literary societies, six recitation and lecture rooms, the library of Kenyon college, with its museum, and twenty-six rooms for students. The tower is used for an observatory.

Directly north of Ascension, and about fifty yards from the village street, stands the college church, the "Church of the Holy Spirit," which was finished in 1871. This most beautiful of all the buildings in Gambier is cruciform - with the tower in one of the angles - the nave and chancel being ninety feet and transepts eighty feet in length - all the windows are f stained glass - the church finished in oak, and the walls tastefully illuminated. The building is of the same freestone as Ascension hall, laid in courses, with dressed quoins and facings. It will accommodate a congregation of about six hundred. Ivy, transplanted from Melrose abbey, has already begun to adorn its walls. Within, the coloring and the carving are most attractive. The funds for the erection of this college church

Ascension Hall

To the north and east of the village, and some distance from the main street, environed by trees, and commanding an extensive and beautiful prospect of the valley of the Kokosing, stands Milnor hall, built for the use of the preparatory school. This is a plain structure of brick, the main buildings fcwr stories high.

In all her requisites for admission, and in the course of study, Kenyon does not materially differ from the leading colleges of the Eastern States. She aims to give a thorough liberal education, and believes in the value of hard mental disciphne. She believes also in right religious influences, and labors to afford them, pursuing steadily "the true, the beautiful, the good." In her view, "Christianity is the science of manhood," and all truth, being God's truth, should lead finally to Him. So her faith is liberal, conservative, evangelical, catholic.

The new college chapel should be seen to be appreciated. It is a poem in stone and mortar, and both within and without is surpassingly attractive. Used, as the chapel is, for daily college prayers, it has a steady influence for good. A new clock and full chime of bells have been added, to make it all complete- Its construction was due to the liberality of the former parishioners of Bishop Bedell, of the Church of the Ascension, New York; and those munificent donors have planted a thing of beauty, "a joy forever, " on as exquisite a site as ever was graced by the house of God.

Board Of Trustees Permanent Board

PERMANENT BOARD. Under Constitution, Article III. Rev, N. S. Rulison, D. D., of Cleveland. Rev. A. H. Moss, of Sandusky. Rev. Leighton Coleman, S. T. D., of Toledo. Hon. M. M. Granger, of Zanesville. Rev. Erastus Burr. D. D., of Portsmouth. Hon. Rufus King, of Cincinnati. Rev. John Boyd, D. D., of Marietta. Gen. Wager Swayne, LL. D., of Toledo.

And Southern Ohio

ELECTED BY THE CONVENTIONS OF THE DIOCESES OF OHIO AND SOUTHERN OHIO. Under Constitution, Article VI. Rev. Alfred F. Blake, of Cincinnati. Mr. George W. Jones, of Cincinnati. Rev. John W. Brown, S. T. D., of Cleveland. Gen. J. H. Devereux, of Cleveland. Rev. I. Newton Stanger, of Cincinnati. Mr. William J. Boardman, of Cleveland.

Elected By The Alumni College Faculty

There are two examinations in arithmetic. The first is on the primary rules, factoring, greatest common measure and least common multiple of integers, compound numbers (including the metric system), fractions and decimals. The second examination is on percentage and interest, circulates, greatest common measure and least common multiple effractions, and extraction of roots.

Latin - Grammar, including prosody; Arnold's Prose Composition to chapter X; Caesar, four books; Cicero, six orations; Virgil, four books of the ^neid.

Mythology - A hand-book, such as Baird's Classical Manual, should be studied in connection with Virgil and Homer. A good classical dictionary and a dictionary of antiquities are necessary to every classical student.

Fair equivalents are received for any of the above named books, or for parts of them. The books named .serve to indicate the amount required.

If a student is further advanced in some studies than in others he may pursue the studies for which he is prepared. Opportunities are furnished such irregular students to make up the defective study.

Candidates for admission must present testimonials of good moral character; and, if they come from other colleges, certificates of dismission in good standing.

A. M. Another examination is held on the day before the opening of the Christmas term, at the same hour. Students maybe examined for any advanced standing at any time before the commencement of the second term of the senior year.

Gambier is a small country village, situated in the central part of Ohio, and is noted for its beautiful scenery, and its healthful and invigorating climate. No better place could well be found for quiet study, or for moral and religious culture. There are no saloons in the place. Gambier is distant by rail two hours from Columbus, five hours from Cleveland, and six hours from Cincinnati. The station of the Cle\eland, Mt. Vernon & Columbus railroad is immediately in the rear of the college grounds.

The buildings are among the best in the United States. The halls of the literary societies are unsurpassed. The college park contains about a hundred acres, well shaded with maples, and with the grand old oaks of the native forest. To the east, the west, and the south, it slopes most beautifully toward the valley of the Kokosing.

There is a recess of one week in Trinity term, immediately following Easter day; and when ^.aster falls in Easter term, the recess is the first week of the period assigned to Trinity term.

Students not in their places at the opening of the term must show by written statement from their parents or guardians that the absence was necessary.

Every student is required to attend punctually upon all the academical and religious exercises. In case of necessary absence from any exercise, the student must inform, the officer in charge beforehand, if possible; if not possible, he is required to present his excuse as soon as may be after the absence has occurred.

Students are required to attend morning and evening prayers in the college chapel, also the public services on Sundays, and on the principal holy days of the church.

A weekly lectureship has been established for the elucidation and enforcement of the great doctrines of the Christian religion, for the discussion of great moral questions, for meeting individual difficulties of belief, and making plain the harmony between God's work and His word.

This lectureship will be under the charge of Rev. Dr. Bates (whose extraordinary qualifications for this special work have been abundantly proven), with occasional aid from the president of the college, and the bishop of Ohio.

A student is admitted to matriculation when he has sustained a satisfactory probation. Matriculation gives accredited membership to the institution, and entitles the student to an honorable dismission. For misconduct, he may be reduced to the condition of a probationer.

may be influenced to good conduct and literary exertion by higher motives than the fear of punishment, and it mainly relies for the success of the institution, as designed for hberal education, on religious and moral principle, a sense of duty, and the generous feelings which belong to young men engaged in honorable pursuits; but when such motives fail, the faculty will use friendly caution and warning, admonition, and official notice of delinquency to parents and guardians, reduction of rank, refusa to grant privileges and indulgences allowed to meritorious students, withholding of honors, which would otherwise be conferred; and to suspension, removal or expulsion. Students will be required to observe the utmost decorum and courtesy towards each other at all times, and the practice of hazing will be rigor, ously suppressed.

The degree of bachelor of arts is conferred upon all students in good standing who are approved at the final examinations of the senior class.

The degree of bachelor of philosophy is conferred upon those who have successfully pursued the study of modern languages instead of Greek, and who have sustained satisfactory examinations upon all other studies of the regular course.

Candidates for the degree of master of arts in course must show that they have, since taking the Bachelor's degree, been engaged for three )-ears in the study or practice of the learned professions, or in other scientific or literary pursuits; and each candidate must deliver to the faculty an essay upon some literary or scientific theme.

The two literary societies, the Philomathesian and Nu Pi Kappa, have always been fostered by the college. The society halls are very commodious, and have been fitted up at great ex pense, occupying the whole of the second and third stories Of the central portion of Ascension hall. All the students are active members. The meetings are held every week, for practice in declamation, essay, oratory, and discussion. These exercises, w ith the mutual criticism which forms a part of the regular work, and the generous rivalry maintained between the societies, contribute very much to the education of the students as writers and speakers.

Arrangements have been made whereby instructions in this important subject will hereafter be given by the distinguished elocutionist, Professor Kidd, M. A.

The students have access to the libraries of the theo'ogicaj seminary, Kenyon college, the Philomathesian society, and the Nu Pi Kappa society. The aggregate number of volumes in these four libraries is about twenty-two thousand.

The Kenyon Advance is published monthly during the college year, and is under the control of a board of editors chosen from among the students.

Two reading rooms have been fitted up by the members of the Philomathesian and Nu Pi Kappa societies, where copies of the leading English and American periodicals and newspapers are kept on file.

A perpetual scholarship has been founded by Mrs. Mary N. Bliss, of Columbus, by the gift of one thousand dollars. The income of this scholarship will be given to some student of high character and ability, who shall be nominated by the president

Other friends have indicated their purpose to give annually, sums varying from one to two hundred dollars to aid in the education of students of the highest order of character and ability.

These scholarships will ordinarily be given only to those who have proved their superiority by success in college work, and to those who stand highest at the entrance examinations.

Rooms are provided in the college buildings in which alj students must lodge, unless they obtain permission from the president to room elsewhere. The college makes no special provision for board. This can be readily obtained in private families, or, at limes, in clubs.

Each room is sufficiently large and convenient to accommodate two students. The rooms are provided with stoves, and are neatly painted and papered by the college. Students provide their own beds, furniture, light, books and stationery. Furniture can be bought, as well as sold, at second-hand, and the expense incurred by its use need not be great.

The college charges are: For tuition, ten dollars per term ; for room rent, five dollars per term; and for incidentals, ten dollars per annum. A matriculation fee of five dollars is charged to every student at his entrance. There are also some minor expenses, consisting of taxes voluntarily imposed by the students in their classes and hterary societies, and the expenses of graduation.

Every student on entering the college must deposit five dollars with the treasurer, as security for damage. The charges on this fund have averaged less than one dollar per year to each student. The balance is returned to the student on leaving.

When a student is absent for a term, and is afterwards, upon examination, allowed to go on with his class, tuition is charged for the time of his absence. Room rent is charged when a room is reserved for a student.

Fuel is supplied by the agent of the college, and must be paid for in advance, at the same time with the bill for tuition. The charge is six dollars per term for the first and second term, and three dollars for the third term, and twice these sums when a room is occupied by a single student.

Board in private families costs from three dollars to three dollars and fifty cents per week. Clubs are sometimes formed, and the expense for board is thereby materially reduced.

Other incidental expenses, such as books and stationery, furniture, expenses in societies, travelling expenses, etc., vary according to circumstances, and the character and habits of the individual student.

"All students shall be required to pay their regular bills in advance. The treasurer's receipt shall be recjuired by the president before he shall sign a certificate of matriculation, or, after the first term, before the student shall attend recitation."

Officers Of Instruction And Government

From the time of the foundation of Kenyon college it has been necessary to provide, in connection with the college, efficient preparatory instruction. For this purpose Milnor hall was established nearly fifty years ago. Its object was, and is, by God's blessing, to provide a church school where boys can receive thorough training under influences which tend towards the development of high Christian character.

The school has recently been placed under the control of the regents named above. They intend that it shall be one of the best training schools in the land. The school will be under the immediate charge of a head master, W'ho will be assisted by a full corps of competent teachers and a matron. The buildings have been thoroughly repaired. Other important improvements have also been made by which the attractiveness of the school has been greatly increased.

The distinctive work of the grammar school is the preparation of boys for Kenyon college; but, whenever desired, they will be trained with reference to the special requirements of any leading college. The school will be divided into four forms. In the first form the pupil's time will be spent exclusively upon English studies. In the secpnd form he will continue the study of reading and penmanship, of mental arithmetic, geography and grammar, and will begin the study of Latin. In the third form he will begin Greek (or German), finish the Latin re.ider and Coesar's commentaries, written arithmetic, commercial arithmetic, and bookkeeping. In the fourth form, he will finish preparatory work in Xenophon's Anabasis and Homer's Iliad (or Otto's German reader), Cicero's Orations and Virgil's ,Eneid, Ray's algebra and Tappan's geometry, besides studying an outline of ancient history and geography. In all the forms special attention will be paid to the correct use of the English language.

desii^ned to give thorough preparation for business. The studies of this course will be English, including geography, grammar, and history, mathematics, penmanship, and bookkeeping, and, if desired, Latin and the modern languages.

The pupils live in the same building with the head master and the assistant teachers, and take their meals at the same table. They are thus brought under the personal control of the teachers, and the school is made a home. The intercourse between teachers and pupils is free and cordial. The pupils are allowed and encouraged at all times to seek help from the teachers, and thus valuable instruction is constantly imparted as well out of, as during, study hours.

The regents believe that the health and good moral training of the younger pupils can be best guarded by a system which requires them to sleep in single alcoves in dormitories, under the charge of teachers ; but, whenever desired by parents, any boy can occupy a room with a single companion. All pupils of the fourth form are provided with rooms, two pupils occupying one room. Upon payment of an e.Ktra charge pupils will be allowed to room alone. Each pupil is provided with a single bed. The system of discipline and the general management of the school are based on the principle that the authority of the parent is supreme to the child, and that the teacher in charge of a school stands in the place of the parent. The conscience of the pupil and his own conviction as to right and wrong are appealed to, so as to make him manly and self-reliant. The laws are such as are needed in every large family to insure regularity, comfort and harmony of action.

Generous liberties are allowed, with the understanding that they shall be well and wisely used, and while authority (and respect for it) is, and must be maintained, it is always enforced with kindness and affection.

Thorough and accomplished scholarship is a constant aim. The quality of every recitation is carefully registered, monthly reports thereof, together with other information relative to the standing of each pupil in punctuality, application and deportment, are forwarded to the parents or guardians. Parents are particularly requested to take notice of these reports, and to keep themselves informed thereby of the progress and behavior of their sons.

The college libraries contain twenty-two thousand volumes, covering every department of literature. By the payment of a small fee the scholars of the hall have access to these libraries. They may also attend, as visitors, upon the exercises of the literary societies of the college.

A service of daily morning prayer is held at the hall. The pupils also attend daily evening prayer at the chapel of the college, and the public religious worship of the Lord's day.

A weekly lecture is given upon the great truths of Christianity, with moral instruction intended to develope a genuine and manly Christian character.

Particular attention is given to physical culture. The playgrounds are large, and all manly sports are encouraged. Ample opportunities are afforded for bathing and skating. To promote personal cleanliness the pupils have access to a bathroom in the building.

*No pupil who fails to answer a certain percentage of the questions in these examinations will be allowed to pass into a higher class; nor will any so failing be recommended for the entrance examination to college.

Applicants for admission to advanced standing must pass an e.vamination upon the studies of the lower forms. After the examination they will be placed in that form for which they seem to be, on the whole, best fitted. In all cases in which there is any hope of success, an effort will be made, by private instruction, to bring up such pupils in the studies wherein they are deficient, rather than put them back in those in which they are more advanced.

Students who expect to enter college will find it greatly to their advantage to take their preparatory training at the grammar school. In most high schools attention is given to certain studies which are of no avail in an examination for admission to college, and which are much more thoroughly taught in the regular college course. A year, or even two years, of valuable time may thus be saved.

Students of mature years, well trained in mathematics and English, may make more rapid advancement towards entrance to college by devoting themselves with special energy to the study of the classical or the modern languages. Arrangements v/ill be made for this class of students.

The charge for tuition, board, fuel, lights, washing, and mending, will be three hundred dollars for the entire session. This is payable as follows : one hundred and fifty dollars on ' entrance, the balance the first day of February thereafter.

A deposit of ten dollars will be required from each pupil to cover damages done to the property of the school. Whatever is not required in payment of such damages will be returned at the end of each session.

An extra charge will be made for books, stationery and medical attendance ; and a sufficient deposit, not less than ten dollars, is required for these and for other "incidentals." Books are supplied at the school at publishers' prices. An extra will be made for instrumental music and the use of piano.

Pupils must be entered for the w-hole of the school year. But they will be received at any time when the school is not full, and a proportionate deduction will be made ; but subsequently no deduction will be made for absence, except in case of protracted sickness, when the loss will be equally divided. Special rates will be made for sons of clergymen. The session begins the first Wednesday in September and closes the Friday before the last Thursday in June. There is a vacation of three weeks at Christmas, and of one week at Easter. A charge of five dollars per week will be made for those who remain at the school during the vacations.

Each pupil should bring with him an umbrella, a pair of overshoes, blacking-brush and blacking, clothes-brush, a coverlet, two pairs of sheets and blankets (single), pillow-cases, towels, napkins a plain napkin ring, and clothes-bag.

The department of military drill and instruction is under the charge of an officer of the United States Army, by whom the pupils are regularly drilled. The system will be made subordinate to the higher purposes of the school as a literary in- stitution. Its advantages are: (i.) It secures agreeable and healthful exercise. (2. ) It tends to give an erect carriage and good manners. (3.) It promotes habits of order and obedience, important elements of success, both at school and in after life.

For such a school as Milnor hall there are great advantages in uniformity of dress: (i.) In the matter of expense, givingthe advantage of wholesale rates. (2.) As a great help in producing a feeling of esprit du corps, among the pupils, leading them to be careful, lest they should discredit the organization whose badge they wear. (3.) Asa means of avoiding unpleasant comparisons by placing all upon the same footing in the matter of dress.

A uniform has been adopted for the schooj, consisting of coat, pants and vest of fine, dark blue cloth trimmed with neat brass buttons and a small gilt stripe. The uniform is such that, by removing the trimmings, it will answer for wear when the pupils are away from school. It is distinctive, but not peculiar.

The cost of each suit will szxy from twenty to twenty-five dollars, depending upon the size of the wearer. A sample of the cloth used will be sent on application.

Parents and friends are earnestly requested not to furnish the pupils with pocket money, except through the rector, or head master. A deposit for this purpose should always be made.

Believing the use of tobacco to be especially injurious to the young students, the regents desire the cooperation of their patrons in discouraging its use on the part of any pupil at Milnor hall. Smoking in the students' rooms will be prohibited.

To encourage habits of punctuahty, a careful record of tardiness at meals, and at all school e.xercises, is kept and forwarded to parents with the monthly report.

All letters should be addressed to the care of the school. Pupils are not allowed to have private boxes in the post-office, and express packages must be always prepaid.

Forty years ago Bishop Mcllvaine wrote: "It should be recollected that in the west a college can hardly be expected to sustain a dignified stand as to the requisites for admission, to enforce a vigorous system of internal discipline and carry out such a course ot study as becomes its profession and its degrees, without sacrificing for a long time numbers for attainments. It is the determination of those in the administration of Kenyon college to endeavor to attain an enlarged patronage without compromise with any defective notions of educations, or any humoring of popular caprice. A few yeu?ig ?nen, well educated, are worth a host superficially taught. Such a determination in this country requires much patience and firmness in its prosecution, but I trust it will never yield to

Harcourt Place Academy

The Rev. A. Blake, D. D., the founder of the Harcourt Place Academy, was a native of Keene, N. H. - the home of Chief Justice, Salmon P. Chase. When probably about twenty years old Young Blake came to Ohio and entered S. P. Chase's school, as a student at Worthington, Ohio. In 1828 he came toGambier with the other members of the school. The first winter was pretty hard on the boys.

Mr. Blake was a member of the first class that graduated at Kenyon college, (1829.) The members of the class, beside himself, were: Jas. B, Chase, Samuel Chase, Geo. Denison, P. C. Freeman and B. B. Sayre. Four of the six were near relatives of the bishop, and five of the six were from New England. Mr. Blake graduated from the Theological seminary in 1835. During the next fifteen years Mr. Blake was engaged, a. portion of the time, as president of Milnor hall and city missionary in Cincinnati under the auspices of Christ church. In 1852 he purchased the house built for B. J. Mcllvaine and several acres of land connected with it, and opened his select school for boys. Mr. Blake, having many warm friends in Cincinnati, the school was patronized at once by the better class of people of that city and other places. He continued at the head of the school until his decease, July, 1877. His first assistant for many years was Rev. E. C. Benson, a very popular and efficient teacher. Mr. Blake and his estimable wife had a peculiar aptitude for managing boys, and the school has been a favorite institution from its first opening. For several years Mr. McKinley has had charge of the school. He has now associated with him Mr. Blake's son Leonard; both are graduates of Kenyon college. The school has never been more successful than it is at the present time.

Mr. Blake was universally esteemed by the citizens of Gambler - not only as a clergyman, but as a benevolent, kind-hearted. Christian gentleman; and it is safe to say that he had not an enemy in the world. For several years Mr. Blake was an efficient member of the board of trustees of Kenyon college.

Source changes here: from History Knox County, Ohio, by N. N. Hill., Jr, published 1881; 21,067 words in this source stream.

College Township

ORE than ten years prior to the organization of this territory into a separate township, it was in possession of the trustees of Kenyon college; and that famous institution, under the direction of Bishop Chase, was in course of erection.

The entire tract was covered with a dense forest. The woods on the hill, where the college now stands, were somewhat open, owing, in part, to a wind-storm having at some period passed over it and prostrated the trees. Much of the history of the first settlement of this township will be found in the chapter following this; also many other matters connected with its early history.

The rich valley lands in this township had been under cultivation since 1812, the inhabitants being known as squatters. They owned no land, were without property or education, and lived mostly by hunting, but had cleared up a few acres of ground around each cabin. As late as 1829, however, it appeared that only a small portion of the bottom land was cleared. From the top of the hill to the east line of the township was a dense forest of sugar, hickory, black walnut, etc. In those very early days a distillery was located near a large spring one hundred rods or more northeast of the present site of Milner hall. There were no roads, but many paths.and blazed trails through the forest, every one of which led as directly to this distillery as the spokes of a wheel to the hub. This necessity of pioneer life was, in 1830, used as a washhouse, where the washing for the college students was done. Every vestige of it has long since disappeared. 'As a distillery it was closed upon the advent of Bishop Chase, who was a strict temperance man.

The inconvenience of attending the township elections, at a point located some miles away on the Mt. Vernon and Martinsburgh road, induced the citizens living on the college grounds to petition the legislature to have this tract set off and organized into a separate township. The petition was granted, and the first election held December 21, 1838, at the public house in Gambier, kept by Mordecai W, Vore, and the following officers elected:

At the spring election, 1859, J. McMahon, T. G. Odiorne and M. W. Vore were elected trustees; A. G. Scott, clerk; and M. T. C. Wing, treasurer. M. T. C. Wing was re-elected again and again, until he declined serving in 1842, when G. W. Meyers was chosen treasurer. Mr. Meyers was one of the earliest settlers of this township; a good practical printer and bookbinder, the first in these two trades on "the hill;' he contributed much to the preservation of works in the libraries of the institution. For many years he was connected with the Acland Press. The printing office was the gift of liberalminded English Protestants to Bishop Chase in 1825, and received its name in honor of Lady Acland, the fair donor who started the subscription. Upon this has been published various literary and religious articles calculated to advance the cause of learning and religion.

Prior to 1829 there were-no roads over Gambier hill. The road from Mt. Vernon east passed around the foot of the hill and separating near the present residence of William Wright, one road led south, crossed the river below the present mill-dam and connected with the old Cambridge road, a mile south of Hopewell church. The road east wound through the brush and timber, crossing the river at Troutman's ford. In November, 1829, as Bishop Chase was about departing on a tour east for the purpose of raising money for the college, he instructed Mr. N. W. Putnam (yet living, an old and much respected resident of Gambier) to get up petitions in proper form, to the county commissioners, for four roads, making the public well in Gambier the starting point. One road was to lead north toward Amity; one east toward New Castle; one south toward East Union and Bladensburgh, and one due west to the old Cambridge road in Pleasant township, crossing the river near the present railroad bridge. The petitions were duly written out by Mr. Putnam; the requisite number of signatures obtained; the petitions granted, and the four roads duly surveyed and established by the commissioners of Knox county.

Upon the return of Bishop Chase in May following, he went immediately to Mr. Putnam with an angry lowering countenance, such as only Bishop Chase could wear, and asked in a stern manner who had been meddling with the road matter. When Mr. Putnam informed him that he was the author of the mischief and that it was by his (the bishop's) directions that the work was done, he was sternly rebuked, and informed that no such orders had ever been issued. It seems that, with the press of greater matters, the bishop had entirely forgotten about ordering the laying out of roads. He informed Mr. Putnam that he never intended to have public roads through Gambier; that he designed enclosing the "hill" in a high board fence, and place a keeper's lodge at the foot of the hill, near the road to Mt. Vernon. The road west was to start from the west end of Wiggin street (the main street east and west across the hill). The upsetting of the bishop's arrangements about the road ruffled his temper for some time, and to multiply the bad effects of a public road westward, he caused to be prepared a sign-board, on which was painted in large letters the following: "West end of Wiggin street." This board was nailed to a post set on the bank of the creek, on the west side near the Mt. Vernon road. In the course of a few days some waggish fellow took up the post and pitched it, sign and all, into the river. Shortly after, it was discovered standing erect at the mill

The most prominent building east of Main street, Mount Vernon, at that time (1829) was the somewhat aristocratic residence of the late Judge J. B. Thomas. Judge Thomas was the real author of the Missouri compromise - a measure, it was hoped, would for all time to come, settle the vexed question of slavery. In front of the residence of Judge Thomas now owned by P. H. Updegraff, esq., was a long row of Lombardy poplars - standing as erect asa platoon of French grenadiers at a review. In those days the Lombardy poplar was a sure indication of civilization and culture - since then it has been voted a nuisance, and is now scarcely to be seen in any part of our country. Judge Thomas' place was the extreme eastern improvement on Gambier street. From thence to the top of the Brew house hill was an unbroken forest. Near the top of the hill on the northeast side near the spring, was a small clearing and a cabin occupied by a Mr. Thrailkill. A few straggling peach trees were standing there for some years afterwards. From this point to the place now owned by Walter McClelland there was no improvement. This last named place, known as the half-way house, was owned by a.very worthy Frenchman from the island of Guernsey, by the name of Torode. Mr. Torode came to this neighborhood in 1828, for the purpose of locating on the college land - he and his large family being zealous Episcopalians. Bishop Chase adopted, at this early period, the plan of holding all occupants of college lands as tenants at will, whether farmers, mechanics, or others, liable to be discharged at any moment when the bishop should feel so disposed. Mr. Torode, having some money, preferred to be his own master, and the best thing he could do under the circumstances, was to purchase land of Daniel S. Norton, and open and improve a farm of his own. These lands of Mr. Norton*being the nearest to the college that he could procure. Mr. Torode, having a large family of strong able bodied boys, soon made an opening in the woods, built a large double-log cabin, put out fruit trees, etc. The large cherry trees now standing in front of the house were of his planting. Some years afterwards he sold the property back to Mr. Norton for the purpose of going west to obtain a larger quantity of land for his growing family. He settled in Cook county, near Chicago.

From the half-way house to the foot of the hill known as the Bishop's back-bone, was an unbroken forest of oak timber. Near the present residence of W. S. Wing wasa cabin, with a few acres of cleared land and asmall orchard. This place was occupied by Mr. Owen Lane, the father of James and P. C. Lane, of Mt. Vernon. Mr. Lane died at this place some forty years ago. The next improvement was what was afterward nick-named Frog hall, a.comfortable log house near the foot of the hill, a few hundred yards northwest of Bishop Bedell's present residence. At the time the writer came to Gambier this house was occupied by Mr. W. K. Lamson from Columbus, head clerk in the college store. Not long after a daughter o¢ Mr. Lane married the Rev. Mr. Preston, of Columbus, and some years later another daughter of Mr. Lane married the great war secretary, Hon. E. M: Stanton, of Pittsburgh. A short distance south of Frog hall was a cabin, previously occupied by Solomon Shaffer, one of the well-known pioneers of Knox county, the father of Mrs. Andrew Miller, now living at an advanced age at Monroe Mills. The Shaffer cabin was afterwards, for many years, occupied by Morris Grimna, a very good man, well known in the early history of Gambier. Our next step forward brings us to the top of the hill in what is now the classic village of Gambier. The road east at that time did not pass over the hill as now, but wound around the hill, near where stands the pleasant residence of William Wright, thence easterly near where now stands the depot, thence on to the Troutman ferry. There were two or three cabins along this road west and south of the college, one occupied as a schoolhouse, where Mr. Owen Lane taught for one or two winters after the writer came to Gambier. This same school-house had been used previously by Philander Chase Freeman, a nephew of Bishop Chase, from New Hampshire, now deceased, who gives avivid idea of what Gambier was at the time referred to in a communication, from which the following is taken :

''When I first entered Kenyon, then located at Worthington, Ohio, was in its infancy, and its inhabitants not much advanced in knowledge or civilization. My first years at Kenyon were spent in a long cabin for my study. I went to Gambier before the college was erected, and before any improvements were made on the college hill. The first night I spent on the hill was in a cabin of boughs covered with English blankets, the donation of English liberality, while the foundations of Kenyon were being laid. Inthe winter of 1827 1 was engaged in teaching the first rudiments of the English language to the original settlers, ina log cabin situated about forty rods west of the college building, on the banks of Owl creek, a/ias Vernon river, alzas Kokosing. I spent three months of the winter of 1827 in Perry township, Coshocton county, teaching the good peoples' children. My terms of tuition were two dollars per scholar for the three months, payable in corn at ten cents per bushel, and wheat at twenty-five cents per bushel. I had a school of eighty scholars or upward. My recompense in corn and wheat all went to Kenyon to pay for my board and tuition. The college building was notcompleted to receive occupants till about three months before I received my degree, consequently during all my college course I lived in temporary buildings, except three months."

The charge in college for board, tuition, room rent, lights, fuel and washing, in those days, was only sixty dollars for the year of forty weeks.

The village of Gambier, at that time, consisted of five twostory houses with four rooms on each floor, built of green oak lumber from the college saw-mill, for the use of the students until the college building should be ready for use. Four of these buildings are yet standing where originally built. One of them is a part of Mr. Scott's store; another a part of the hotel (Kenyon house). The two others, Mr. Waugh's house, and the Lurkin house, now partly occupied by the shoe shop of Mr. Joseph R. Brown. Besides these houses there was a log build- ing used for a store till 1834, near where Mr. French's store now stands. This store house was built in 1828 by the late Warner Terry, and was intended fora blacksmith shop. The Bishop and Mr. Terry fell out in regard to a title to the lot, and Mr. T. removed to Mt. Vernon. There was also near where the Church of the Holy Spirit now stands, a double log cabin, one part used as the Bishop's "palace," the other end for a kitchen, where provisions were cooked for the students. ing nearly forty feet long, attached to the kitchen, was used for a dining-room and chapel. The cooking department was under the charge of Mrs. Russel, a niece of the Bishop, so well known to the students in those days. The allowance for each student at that time for his Sunday dinner, during the winter and spring, ''was a large buiscuit and a piece of dried apple pie." Near the college building was a one-story stone house, occupied by Dr. Sparrow as a family residence. Soon after Bishop Mcllvaine came, a brick front was added to it, and was for many years occupied by the late Professor Trimble. Near it was a frame building used as a printing office, where was issued in 1830 the first Episcopal paper west of the Alleghany mountains, and which has been continued uninterruptedly to the present time under different names and different publishers and editors. For some two or three years it was published and edited in Mt. Vernon by Mr. Muenscher, afterwards removed to Cinginnati, and is now published under the name of the Staxdard of the Cross at Cleveland.

There were no improvements at the time we speak of east of Gambier hill, until you reach the ferry at Troutman's. The intervening space was heavily timbered with walnut, hickory, sugar and oak. This track was cleared mostly during the agency of Mr. Odiorne, between 1835 and 1840. President Bodine has stated in some of his publications, that nearly all the bottom lands were cleared by squatters as early as 1812. This isa mistake. At the time Bishop Chase purchased the lands, there were but few openings; those usuaully where there was a spring, generally at the foot of the hills. The bottoms were considered unhealthy and avoided on that account. A short distance across the river was the stone house now owned by T. R. Head. It was built and owned by Solomon Welker, a well-to-do farmer, and who was engaged also in running a big Pennsylvania wagon, hauling goods, etc., for Bishop Chase and others. Not being satisfied with doing well, he was ambitious to do better - sold his farm and purchased the Hawnmill property at Millwood. He also engaged in merchandizing, and ina few years failed utterly, and found himself a poor man. He supported himself and family during the last years of his life by jobbing about Millwood with a team, whenever he could find employment. The contrast between the career of Mr. Welker and the present owner of the stone house farm is singularly striking.

Near the residence of Mr. Walker were three or four families, old pioneers, who have long since passed away, among them John Troutman, Alexander Ream, George Lybarger, and Mr. Hull. The homesteads of Mr. Troutman, Mr. Ream and George Lybarger, are owned and occupied by their descendants. Mr. Hull sold his farm to the present owner, Jonathan McArtor, and moved many years ago to northern Indiana.

as follows regarding Bishop Chase's first mill-race : The need of a saw-mill to supply lumber for the new college building was apparent from the start. The first plan was to use whip saws, but this was slow work, and a saw-mill became indispensable. The first business was to select a site for the mill. The Bishop selected the spot where the present mill now stands. In his reminiscences he says, '''The-whole stream of Vernon river (Owl creek,) makes a bend almost equal toa circle, or rather resembles an ox bow - the canal to be cut across the neck of this bow is called the race. The force of all the teams, with many earth scrapers, had been employed for several weeks, but the work was more tedious than anticipated and went on but slowly, when a storm of rain, usual at this season (September), but seldom so copious, commenced. It poured down for several days almost incessantly. The river rose to an uncommon height, and being stopped by the mill-dam (already built), inundated the whole surface of the low lands." The Bishop gave up all as lost. The dam could not be seen, and the water rising and carrying everything before it. The assuaging of the waters brought to view the fact that the dam was safe, and had stood firm - and as the flood drew off its force a channel was found in the commenced race, and the whole race was nearly all excavated, thereby saving an expenditure of several hundred dollars. This mark of providential goodness was of signal service in building Kenyon college.

As before stated, Bishop Chase insisted uponcontrolling absolutely the college grounds, and during his control of them would allow no business to be transacted, either in the way of farming or merchandizing, without his especial supervision, and without securing a large share of the profits of such business for the use of the college; and in addition he insisted on considering all who settled on the grounds as tenants-at-will, liable to be ejected at any hour whenever his "Royal Highness" pleased. Of course such arbitrary rules were a detriment to the settlement and development of the college lands. He would have no town laid out, nor would he have the land divided into farms, but allotted his tenants such portions as he desired. Quite a number of people undertook to do business, under these circumstances, on the Bishop's premises, but nearly all failed.

The village of Gambier was not laid out until about 1845, long after the bishop departed; but prior to that several parties attempted to carry on mercantile business near the college under such arbitrary restrictions as the bishop chose to allow. The first store, as has been before stated, was the supply store started by the bishop himself, in a log building that stood about where Mr. French's store now stands. The first clerk in this store was Robert Burnside, who was followed by A. W. Putnam, above mentioned. These gentlemen managed the business for the bishop until 1833, when the bishop, having more on his hands than he could attend to, sold the privilege of merchandizing to Messrs. M. & G. B. White, of New York. By the terms of the contract, the bishop was to receive one hundred dollars per year rent, and onehalf of the profits of the business. This arrangement succeeded very well the first year, and the bishop cleared about fifteen hundred dollars. It was a time when a great number of workmen were engaged on the college, and the entire community patronized the store. After the first year, however, the business did not pay, and Messrs. White & Co. soon threw up the. contract. Other parties tried it, among whom was Mr. Putnam, but all failed to make anything. The bishop being inexorable in his determination to adhere to his terms, Mr. Putnam moved his store to Martinsburgh, and for a time Gambier was without a merchant. This did away with the "monopoly," and thereafter stores were admitted to the college grounds free. The new store room that had been erected by Mardenbro White was the finest build- 'ing in town. It was frame, two stories in height, about fifty feet in length and painted white. It was erected in 1833, and the store opened in 1834. In 1836 Putnam & Topping erected their storeroom, similar to the above. Both these buildings are now used as dwellings. The third store was started by Baldwin Norton about 1840. It was first kept in a small building where the hotel now stands, but he afterwards erected the building on the corner now occupied by Mr. Harnwell, as a storeroom. The town was laid out about 1845, but no building of consequence was done until 1851, as there seemed to be a difficulty about getting titles. About 1851, the college grounds were laid off into farms, and the town into lots, and the sale of the property was determined upon. The first sold was the "south" section, or that part belonging to Pleasant township, and the sale continued from time to time until the college grounds, proper, were reduced to their present proportions - probably five hundred acres or less. A. G. Scott opened astore in Gambier about 1838, which has been continued until the present time, and is now conducted by C. G. Scott & Co. A. B. Norton was for several years engaged in the merchandizing and milling business here. H. H. French is one af the oldest merchants in the place at present, having carried on the book and drug business many years. Many business men have appeared here from time to time, among whom were E. Pearce, Witt & Mulford, G. J. W. Pearce, Russel Clark, Mr. Clements, A. K. Fobes, and J. Waugh. Mr. Sharp, in early times, was the brewer and baker, in a large stone house in the rear of the main college building, which has long since disappeared. The present stores, beside those named, are kept by B. Harnwell, S. R. Doolittle, and William Oliver. There are two blacksmith and carriage shops, two shoe shops, a hotel and other minor business establishments. The first hotel was erected by Archibald Douglas, on the spot where the present hotel building stands. It was a small, rough frame building. The present hotel was erected about 1855-6, by Robert Wright, father of the present landlord.

The old college mill, elsewhere mentioned, erected by Bishop Chase, long since went into decay, and on its site, many years ago, Daniel S. Norton put up one of the finest mills on the Kokosing. The "Kenyon Mills'" flour acquired a good reputation.

The postoffice, upon Bishop Chase's application, was established in 1826, and was for a number of years kept by M. T. C. Wing. About 1846 Benoni Elliott, a student from the District of Columbia, was appointed. In 1849 Mr. Wing was again appointed postmaster; he was followed in 1853 by James Young; in 1857, by E. J. Riley, and in 1861 by Joseph Leonard. Mr. Leonard was followed by the present incumbent, Mrs. Fearns, who is very acceptable to the people, and has held the office many years.

The first paper started in Gambier was in 1838, when the Gambier Odserver made its appearance from the Acland press. In after years the paper was known as the Western Episcopalian. The paper was devoted to the interest of the church, and to the interest of Kenyon college more par. ticularly. It was conducted under different editorial and financial managers, its publishers being George W. Myers and R. M. Edmonds. It was ably edited by Dr. Sparrow, Dr. Wing, Dr. Muenscher, Dr. Cotton, the Rev. Norman Badger, and George Denison, and was favored with many very able articles from the pens of professors of the college and other friends. The paper was first removed to Cincinnati, then to Cleveland, where, 'under a different name, Standard of the Cross, it is doing efficient work both for the church and for the college, under the able management of the Rev. Dr. French. The Collegian, a monthly magazine was published at Gambier for two years by R. M. Edmonds, and was ably edited by the college professors and students. The Gambier Argus followed the Collegian, and was published by R. M. Edmonds & Daniel Hunt for some four years, and after the death of Mr. Edmonds, Mr. Hunt conducted the paper about a year, when the type and press were sold to a young man named

Herald. For the past three years the students have published a monthly. paper styled the Kenyon Advance, strictly a college paper. The first year it was published at the Argus office, Gambier, but for the last two years the Advance has been printed at Columbus.

Owl creek bottoms, in a little log hut near the residence of Lewis White. His wife had been previously married to a Mr. Davis, and besides other children was the mother of two dwarfs - twins. They appeared to belong more to the monkey species than the human, 'having paws instead of hands and feet, and faces and heads shaped like monkeys. They could not speak but possessed some intelligence. Mr. Lyman Warner, an enterprising Yankee from the Western Reserve, hearing of them, conceived the idea of making a fortune out of them by exhibiting them to the public, and gave them the high sounding names of "Plutano and Vespasinus, or the wild men of the Island of Borneo." An arrangement was made with the Porters, and Mr. Warner travelled several years with the dwarfs making the business a success. After some years Mr. Porter, concluding that Warner was making too much money out of his children, concluded to conduct the business himself, and when the twins were brought home on a visit refused to let Warner have them again. Out of this refusal grew a law suit well remembered by some of the attorneys of Mount Vernon. The court decided in favor of Warner, who had taken the precaution to secure a time contract of the Porters, and that gentleman continued his exhibitions and accompanied the same with an entertaining lecture. He sent the children's share of the money regularly to Mr. A. G. Scott, of Gambier, who held it in trust for the payment on a small tract of land, some thirty acres, which had been purchased for them of Daniel S. Norton, and which was located in Pleasant township on the high ground nearly opposite of what is known as the Half Way house. It is yet occupied by some of the Porter family.

Mr. Warner moved to Farmington, tiger and died in 1871, the dwarfs passing into other hands some time before this, since which nothing has been heard of them. They are supposed to |be dead. The mother still lives in-Pleasant township. Property belonging to the boys in Tiverton, Coshocton county, having been sold, and the fact of the death of the children .not being substantiated, a suit in the court of common pleas of that county

The first religious services in Gambier were held by Bishop Chase under the wide-spreading branches of the native forest trees, and his audience was composed mostly of those who were in his employ. Religious services were also held in his cabin. The first religious organization was known as the Harcourt parish, so named in honor of an English nobleman, who gave pecuniary assistance to the young institution and who was also a minister. Harcourt parish was organized in June, 1827. The minutes of the first meetings have not been preserved. The records of 1828 show that Nicholas Trode, senior warden, was chairman, and Charles W. Adams, secretary. The wardens and vestrymen elected on Easter Monday, 1828, were James Glass, Richard Young, N. Trode, David Ash, and Milo Everts. At the Easter meeting 1829, W. K. Lamson and Charles Elliott were elected senior wardens, and John Robinson, Milo Everts, N. Trode, David Ash, and C. W. Adams, vestrymen; George P. Williams and Alva Guion were made delegates to the diocesan convention. Mr. Williams is the only one of the above list now living, and is the Rev. George P. Williams, D. D., Emeritus professor of mathematics of the University of Michigan, aged about eighty years.

At the parish meetings in April, 1831, Bishop Chase made a brief address stating that the peculiar situation of the parish as connected with Kenyon college; the danger of collision between the college faculty and the parish officers, rendered it necessary that the parish organization be dissolved; but as the parish was entitled to representation in the diocesan convention, the meeting would proceed to the election of two delegates for that purpose, and Charles Elliott and George Denison were duly elected.

This arrangement did not last but a few months. In September of that year Bishop Chase resigned his office of bishop of Ohio and president of the seminary and college, and in the following year removed to Michigan. In March, 1835, he was elected bishop of Illinois, removed to Peoria county and established an institution called 'Jubilee college."

In the spring of 1832 the parish held its regular Easter meeting, and the following officers were elected: Archibald Douglass and Milo Evarts, wardens; George W. Meyers, John Clements, N. W.

retary; John Clements and Herman Dyer deiegates to diocesan convention. Of these persons three only are now living, viz.: N. W. Putnam, of Gambier; Professor John Kendrick, of Marietta, Ohio, and Rev. Herman Dyer, D.D., of New York. This parish has held its annual meeting every year up to the present time. Most of the professors of the college and seminary, and many of the leading citizens of Gambier, have been members of the vestry at different times during the past fifty years. The wardens and vestry for 1880 were as follows: M. White and E. T. Tappan, Theodore Sterling, John Cunningham, T. R. Head, S. R. Doolittle, and J. D. H. McKinley; M. White, J. Cunningham, and S. R. Doolittle delegates to diosesan 'convention; T. R. Head, J. D. H. McKinley and

Some twenty years ago, a neat, small stone chapel was built at the northeast corner of College township, near the stone quarry of Mr. A. K. Fobes. This chapel was built with money raised by subscription and has been under the charge of the vestry of Harcourt parish - being the only property really owned by this parish. Regular services and a flourishing Sunday-school have been kept up chiefly by the students of the seminary and a few ladies of the neighborhood, who are deserving of much credit for their devoted labors in the good cause. A small cemetery is attached to the church where a few persons of the neighborhood have been buried.

In the summer of 1829 the college dining-room, situated near the bishop's house (a log cabin, near where now stands the Church of the Holy Spirit), was used for a chapel. In September of that year, the college edifice now known as Kenyon hall was nearly finished, excepting the two wings, and the basement was used for kitchen, dining-room, chapel, etc.

In the spring of 1830 the bishop built a large, unsightly frame building a few rods east of Rose chapel, and called it the "Seventy-four;" it being seventy-four feet in length. It was two stories high, with a kitchen in the rear. The large room on the ground floor was used for chapel and schoolroom; the upper story was a dormitory for the boys, who were under the care of Rev. H. Dyer.

Three or four years afterwards the fine edifice known as Milnor hall was built, and the school, under the charge of G. P. Williams and Mr. Dyer, was removed to the new building. During this period Ross chapel was built, and the parish had then a commodious place of worship. The building was not completed for several years, and the congregation was under the necessity of using the basement during the winter seasons.

This parish has always labored under a great disadvantage in having no place of worship separate and apart from the college chapel - the vestry having no control of the building. On account of this state of things the majority of the citizens have never taken a very great interest in the affairs of the parish, the election of wardens, vestry and delegates to the cofivention being a mere matter of form.

The Congregational church at Gambier was first located a little north of the village by the Cumberland Presbyterians. Among the original members were Thomas Minard, Thomas Bennett, John Bennett, and others.

In 1867 this church was organized into a Congregational church. The present, or new church, edifice was erected in 1871, near the old site, and cost two thousand two hundred dollars. In 1876 the building was removed to the site it now occupies.

As far as can be ascertained Methodists were in Gambier as early as 1832. At what time a class was formed in this place there is no written account, yet members of the church resided here and held prayer meetings in their cabins about that time. They generally attended at what was called ""Brown's" on Schenck's creek, and were attached toDanville circuit, Michigan conference, which was supplied with one preacher, Rev. James Wilson, under whose ministry Rev. William Nast united with the church at Danville.

In the year 1838 the name of the circuit was changed to "Amity," Gambier being then an appointment for preaching in private houses, supplied by two preachers, Revs. Charles Thomas and John Scoles. During that year the Lord's Supper was first administered by Methodists in Gambier. About the year 1841 the Methodists obtained the use of the district school-house for divine worship, which they held until 1854. In 1841 Rev. William L. Harris, now Bishop, was appointed on this circuit. In 1849 and 1850 the lands around Gambier were surveyed and began to be sold by the Theological seminary of the Protestant Episcopal church of the diocese of Ohio. The Methodists at once began to arrange for the purchase of a site on which to build a house of worship, and after several exchanges they secured the lot on which the present church building stands, and in 1855, after many struggles, it was solemnly dedicated, free from debt, to the service of Almighty God by Rey. Thomas H. Wilson, presiding elder. In 1860 the North Ohio conference formed the Gambier circuit with four appointments or stations. Gambier circuit passed through many changes in its number of stations, and its succession of ministers, and from the first Methodism centred at the Gambier station.

In 1879, the Rev. V. D. Laurence being preacher in charge, Gambier became a half station with Pleasant Valley and Hopewell charges attached to the Gambier circuit. In 1880 Gambier became a whole station with only Hopewell attached, on what is known as the Gambier circuit. Hopewell is where President R. B. Hayes taught Sunday- school In 1880 the church lot was enlarged by the purchase of some adjoining property and the lot was divided, setting off a part of it for parsonage use and a neat and substantial parsonage was erected thereon.

Gambier station of the Methodist Episcopal church belongs to the Northern Ohio conference. Its membership is eighty. Its Sunday-school is flourishing ; its average attendance being eighty-five.

The value of the church lot is about two thousand dollars. The value of its parsonage and lot is about two thousand two hundred dollars. The church is free from debt.

dences in and around Gambier. Among the number is that of Mr. Peter Neff, a cut of which is here given, and though a faithful representation, the residence and grounds must be seen to be appreciated. Mr. Neff is engaged in developing the oil-producing lands in the Kokosing valley, an account of which appears in the geological chapter.

Fifty-six years ago Bishop Chase, in the forenoon of a bright summer day (July 22, 1825,) stood upon the trunk of a fallen tree and spoke. the words, "Well, this will do," and at that instant fixed for all time the location of the world-renowned institution known as Kenyon college. What great interests to the people of the county, the State and the Nation were wrapped up in those few words and those few moments; but the history of this college is reserved for the next chapter. The village makes no especial claim as a business place,. but as a place of residence it can hardly have a superior, especially for those who have a family to educate and prepare for the duties of life. The society is excellent; saloons and other low places of resort are not allowed on the grounds, and the purity of the moral atmosphere is unexceptionable.

Probably a more quiet, or a more lovely spot does not exist in the State, or indeed anywhere, than the grounds contiguous to the college buildings at Gambier. -The grass-carpeted lawns, the native forest trees, the thick woods, the gravel walks, the solidity and architectural beauty of the buildings, the purity,of the:air, the elevation, and the thousand and one, beautiful surroundings, visible but indescribable, all combine to elevate the mind, lift up the soul, and make an impression on the mind not easily erased.

Old Kenyon--Obtaining Subscriptions--Report Of The

Its LocATION - TouR OF INSPECTION - THE NORTH SECc- TION - THE SouTH SECTION - COLLEGE MHILL - FIRST VIEW FROM THE Top - ''WELL, THIS WILL DO!"" - THE PURCHASE OF EIGHT THOUSAND ACKES - THE SITE OF OLD KENYON--OBTAINING SUBSCRIPTIONS--REPORT OF THE BISHOP - THE LADIES' SOCIETY - MILNOR PROFESSORSHIP - DESCRIPTION OF THE GROUND - LAYING THE CORNERSTONE - AN INCIDENT IN THE BUILDING OF THE COLLEGE - HIsTORY OF THE COLLEGE BY PRESIDENT BODINE - THE BLAKE SCHOOL.

It was a bright summer morning (July 22, 1825), thata party of gentlemen started from Mt. Vernon, with Bishop Chase, for the purpose of exploring the country eastward of, and adjacent to, this city - then a village of about fifteen hundred inhabitants - with a view to the selection of a suitable site for the Theological seminary and Kenyon college. The party, besides Bishop Chase, consisted of Daniel S. Norton, esq., and myself of Mt. Vernon; John Trimble and James Rawden, of Perry township, Coshocton county; and George Melick, of Jackson township, Knox county. We were all on horseback. I was the youngest of the party, and had no previous acquaintance with the bishop, except having met him a few weeks previously at ''Cully's," in Newark, and having attended the preceding evening, on occasion of his preaching at the old Presbyterian church in this place - the first time, I believe, the Episcopal service had ever been performed here. :

It was known that Mr. William Hogg, of Brownsville, Pennsylvania, owned a tract of eight thousand acres of land - two military sections of four thousand acres each - lying a few miles east of here, which, from the varied character of its surface, and beauty of its streams and valleys, it was suggested might offer a suitable location for the proposed seminary and college. And the attractive rolling character, and beautiful scenery of other tracts of land lying in that part of our county, also encouraged us to believe that we should be able to present to the bishop a site more desirable and pleasing than any that had been before proposed.

We went out on what is here called the Coshocton road, and struck the land of Mr. Hogg, on the west boundary of what has since been called the '' North Section," at the distance of about four miles. We proceeded through the section, noticing many pleasant features. The first place that attracted marked attention, as probably suited for the object of our exploration, was the high elevation a little to the south of the road and immediately west of what is now the farm and residence of Henry Errett, esq. We examined this point with a good deal of interest and satisfaction. A small stream (Schenck's creek) was winding its way through a lovely valley which lay immediately east of the hill, widening as it extended southward, and presenting some beautiful views, but rather limited in extent and distance. The bishop, and indeed all the party, were pleased with the spot, but reserving our judgments for further observation and discoveries, we proceeded into the valley, and through the entire section. Thence through lands of the ''Rathbone'' and ''Campbell" sections, down the valley of the Schenck's creek, to the junction of that stream with Owl creek - to which Bishop Chase, in his subsequent maps of the college lands, gave the more euphonious name of the Vernon river - and thence turning again westward, and proceeding up that river, and generally near its margin, we again entered the lands of William Hogg, at the eastern boundary of the South section.

On this section there were several cabins, and a number of small farms opened. The road lay across the beautiful valley (that now spreads out like a great garden, immediately east of Gambier), and again striking the river, followed its margin in a pretty straight line, until interrupted by the abrupt descent of what is now the College hill, whence winding round the base, it followed the course of the stream, pretty near the present railroad line, into and across the large bottoms and beautiful valley, that lies on the west side of the hill.

I had once, on a previous occasion, crossed on this hill, a promontory, and was the only one of the party who professed any knowledge of the character of the plain that lay on top of its elevation; and it was with reference to this spot that I had desired the party to return by this route. Arriving, therefore, at the base of the hill, on its south side, I called the attention of the bishop and the others of the party, to the elevation on our right, and its beautiful surroundings. The curve of the base, the acclivity of the hill, and the graceful bend of the river, with the wide opening of the valley east and west, were attractions too striking to need explanation. But it was suggested by Mr. Norton that there was not room enough on the crown of the hill for the accommodation of the necessary buildings and grounds of the contemplated institution. To this I replied that I had once crossed the hill, and that there was a level plain on top, wider than was supposed.

Bishop Chase answered by saying, ''Come, Mr. Curtis, I will go up with you to the top of this hill, and we will see how it looks." The other gentlemen of the party, not having much apparent faith in the fruits of our difficult ascent, dismounted from their horses, and disposed themselves for rest in the shade at the road side, and the bishop and myself proceeded alone to mount the hill. The side was thickly set with an undergrowth of oak bushes, frequently interlaced with rambling grape vines. We struggled through these tangles, on our horses, until about half way up the hill, when the bishop becoming discouraged with that mode of proceeding, proposed that we should take it afoot. We dismounted, hitched our horses, and then proceeded as-well as we could until we emerged on the top

The heavy timber that had once covered the crown of the hill, had, principally, many years before, been prostrated by a storm or otherwise destroyed, so that, excepting a more stunted growth of brush than that we had just come through, the plain on the top was comparatively open and free from obstruction to the view. Passing a little northward, the whole panorama of the beautiful valleys that lay at our feet, the undulating line and varying surface of the distant hills, eastward, southward, and westward, with the windings of the river, all were brought into view, and presented a scene and landscape of unsurpassed loveliness and beauty. It certainly appeared so to me then, and so it seemed to strike our good bishop. Standing upon the trunk of an old fallen oak, and permitting his eye to pass round the horizon, and take in the whole prospect, he expressed his delight and satisfaction in the brief but significant exclamation, '' Well, this will do!" He then pointed out the varied beauties of the spot, its extensive views, and the advantages that would be obtained by opening some parts of the contiguous forest - improving the prospect in certain directions. We then returned to the foot of the hill, and found our companions amusing and resting themselves, where we had left them. The bishop expressed himself to them in strong terms of satisfaction and delight, in respect to the spot he had just examined. :

We all returned to Mt. Vernon together. The bishop came with me to my house to tea; and from the circumstance of my wife being a relative of Mr. Hogg - the owner of the land where the site had been selected - the conversation turned very much upon the hope of making that permanent location, and the probability of obtaining the land at a price within the means of the young institution and its then limited endowment. When he left my house, Bishop Chase expressed to me his intention to visit Mr. Hogg at an early day, with a view of securing a contract for the purchase of the land,'and he took with him a letter from me to that gentleman (with whom I was on the most kind and friendly relation), strongly recommending the objects of the bishop's proposed visit.

When I next saw Bishop Chase, which I think was sometime during the following winter, he had made a provisional contract for the purchase of the whole eight thousand acres at three dollars per acre - a price considered very low, as the land could readily have been sold at a higher rate. Mr. Hogg, subsequently, on the solicitation of Bishop Chase, and in view of the noble objects of the purchase, munificently rebated six thousand dollars from the original contract price.

At the annual convention of 1826 steps were adopted by which the purchase from Mr. Hogg was confirmed, and the permanent site of Kenyon college and its other institutions was established in their present location, and upon the identical spot to which I conducted the bishop on the occasion above referred to, and from which his mind had never wavered from the time he first stood upon the ground.

Now, after the lapse of a quarter of a century, every year of which has but added new evidence of the sagacity, sound judgment, and good taste of Bishop Chase in the location which he made, and the wisdom of the convention and its committee that confirmed that decision, it is pleashnt to recur to these reminiscences of the infancy of the institution, when, indeed, it had neither a local habitation nor a name, and to contrast its condition in the days of its obscurity and feebleness, with its present proud position. Old Kenyon, as the boys love to call her, has indeed won her way upward, gloriously and successfully. The clouds that have sometimes hung upon her horizon, have passed away; and she stands this day a peeress among the noblest institutions of learning in our country - an honor to the diocese - and a monument of the wisdom, and to the fame of the noble founder.

Concerning the collections from our friends in the Atlantic States to aid in the erection of our college buildings, I cannot speak in terms of sufficient respect and thankfulness. The hearts of thousands were open to us; and of all classes many were found willing to assist us. From relations in Vermont and New Hampshire, I received between three and four hundred dollars. From friends in Philadelphia, rising of three thousand; from those in New York, about that sum; from Providence, Rhode Island, nearly five hundred; and from Boston, Salem, Newburyport, Portsmouth and Portland, in all sufficient to cause the sum received to amount, if I have counted right, to nine thousand two hundred and twenty-eight dollars.

Besides this, I hear that there are moneys in Philadelphia uncollected, and lying in the hands of friends, to the amount of several hundred dollars.

Mr. Bacon is still soliciting subscriptions for us at the south, where, considering their wonted liberality, and our great need, I have good hopeof his success.

Here I cannot but mention, though the result is not yet known, the very. great hopes of a liberal collection from the exhibition in New York, of that celebrated picture, the Capuchin chapel, for the benefit of Kenyon college, Ohio, which Benjamin Wiggins, esq., so liberally granted, just before his leaving this country for London. The exhibition is to commence on the tenth of September next (1827), and continue so long as productive of profit. As this picture is considered the most perfect exhibition of the art of optical deception by painting, so as to make us doubt of its being a fiction even while beholding it; there is little reason to doubt the combined result of good taste, of a laudable curiosity, and of a benevolent desire to aid a usetul institution. The public will take this method of benefitting Kenyon college, which so many thousands are uniting, both in England and America, to benefit.

What has excited my most grateful sentiments, and which, no doubt, will call forth similar feelings from you and all that shall hear of it is, that, influenced by the example of the industrious and benevolent exertions of some ladies in England, put forth in aid of the plan to promote religion and learning in the west, many of our American ladies, with an emulation truly praiseworthy, have formed themselves into circles of industry to unite their efforts for the benefit of Kenyon college. This has taken place in Gardiner and Portland, in the State of Maine; in Newburyport and Salem, Massachusetts; and the same is expected in other places. Already have some of them made their offerings of considerable value, and they still continue their pious and useful exertions. All this is done and doing in these places, besides what some pious and devoted ladies in Philadelphia and New York are doing to maintain beneficiaries at our college and seminary. What bond of affection this will constitute between them and our benefactors in England, and ourselves in the west, I will leave to you to judge. The pure streams of

One thing more, and I shallsclose my report of the success with which God has been pleased to crown my endeavors, during the past year, to increase the funds of Kenyon college.

Arthur Tappan, esq., of New York, actuated by a spirit of uncommon liberality, has subscribed one thousand dollars to found a professorship, to be called the Milnor professorship, out of respect to the Rev. Dr. Milnor, rector of St. George's church, New York, who is to have the naming of the professor. The subscription is based on the condition, that, within one year from the date of his signature, in January last, there be raised for the founding of this professorship, ten thousand dollars, considering his own donation a part thereof.

My own brother, the Hon. Dudley Chase, of Vermont, who loves me, and takes a lively interest in Kenyon college, but whose fortune, compared with many others, is small, was so deeply affected at the liberality of Mr. Tappan, of the Presby~ terian persuasion, that he generously assured me of another thousand, provided I previously obtained the other seven thousand and nine hundred dollars before the end of the year.

On page two hundred and thirty-nine of the "Church Register,". published at Philadelphia, July 28, 1827, may be found an account of the laying of the corner-stone of Kenyon college ; from which the following extract is taken :

The ceremonies and solemnities of laying the corner-stone took place on the gth of June (1827). I think proper, for the satisfaction of those who have not been on the ground, to state that the college grounds, amounting to eight thousand acres, lie inan oblong square form, length from north to south five miles, and width from east to west two miles and a half. The north half, through which the main road to Coshocton passes, is watered by Schenck's creek ; through the south half, on which the college is located, runs, in a very circuitous manner, Vernon river, whose waters are more pure and perennial than any other in the State, or, perhaps, in the western country; this river enters the tract belonging to the college on the western side, about midway from north to south, of the south four thousand acres, and runs nearly half the distance through it, in an easterly direction, till it meets with the base of those commanding grounds, from one hundred and fifty to two hundred feet above the level of the water, on the top of which are located, in an area of about fifty acres, the town of Gambier and Kenyon college. The river then turns to the south and southeast, and opens to the view a most fertile and beautiful region. A park of lofty trees completely surrounds the college (except at the north), and covers all the descending grounds, consisting of some twelve or fourteen acres. Here, in this smooth and well adapted area, seemingly by the hand of God prepared for the purpose; on this site, raised above, and forever must be secluded from the noise and busy scenes of life, we saw the preparations for the commencement of this great, good, and benevolent work. As I approached it, after having attended divine service, and heard an excellent sermon under the spreading trees, by the Rev. Mr. Morse, I could not but feel as seldom I ever have before felt. I blessed God for having permitted me to see the commencement of a Christian institution, the fountain of so many blessings to the present and to future generations. Filled with these thoughts, which the scene, of itself, was calculated to inspire, I was called to witness a most appro- Priate service, the solemnity of which will be, I trust, imprinted on my, memory as long as life shall last.

The following incident in the building of the college is worthy of preservation, in connection with its location. It is an extract from Bishop Chase's Reminiscences, of June, 1826. He was the first Protestant Episcopal bishop of Ohio, and the work to which he refers was the building of Kenyon college, the Theological seminary and Bexley hall. An immediate resolution was formed for a total prohibition of ardent spirits on College hill. This measure, at the time, was thought rash and unadvised - it was an unheard of thing, for few buildings in America had been erected without the use of liquors. The Bishop writes: