Falls Township (part 1 of 3)

Falls Township

CHURCH, - ORGANIZATION OF TOWNSHIP - ITS TOPOGRAPHY, SOIL AND GEOLOGY FIRST SURVEYORS PHYSICIANS WEST ZANESVILLE VILLAGE THE PIONEER PREACHER TEMPERANCE

Geology

The Pioneers. - The first settler was Edward Tanner, who built his cabin not far from the south bank of the Licking river, about seven miles above its mouth. This was in 1790, four years before the trading post was inaugurated at Zanestown, and before any amicable relations seemed to exist between the "pale faces" and the Aborigines. We say amicable relations, for the common feeling between the two races was manifestly hostile, based upon a supposed antagonism, and, owing to the treachery of many white and red men, too often declared itself by deeds of rapine, arson and bloodshed, the legitimate outgrowth of false ideas of mine and thine. Tradition informs us that Edward Tanner, who was born on the south branch of the Potomac, when about sixteen years old was captured by Incjiians and taken to Upper Sandusky, Ohio, and kept a prisoner for three years and a half and then released, when he returned to Virginia, and, after becoming a man, married and soon after migrated to the place where he built his cabin, as stated. In view of his capture and release, we may suppose that he was not maltreated during that captivity, and that he had found favor at their hands, and as he subsequently was willing to venture with his wife into the wilderness over which red men roamed and held dominion, he evidently had acquired faith in their integrity and fair dealing, when met by the same traits in the white man. At any rate, he settled in their midst and remained unmolested. And a little more than a year afterwards - in 1792 - his son, Samuel, was born. William C. Tanner was born there also - the same now known as Captain Tanner.

About the beginning of the present century Edward Tanner built a new log house to dwell in, instead of the primitive cabin. This was the first hewed log house in all this countiy ; it is not now used for a dwelling. Edward Tanner was a consistent member of the M. E. Church. He died in 183 1. His son, Captain W. C. Tanner, lives on the old homestead farm. Major Bonnifield was the next to settle in this localitjr, but when the township lines were run, his home was found to be in Hopewell township. Baltzer Fletcher settled near Mr. Tanner, on the east, about 1791. He was from Virginia, also. John Kinkead came from New Jersey, in 1795.

In i797,EliasHughes and John Ratliff - frontier scouts - moved from Virginia and settled near the mouth of the Licking I'iver, but in about a year forsook their cabins and moved about twenty miles further up the stream. It is not likely that they made homes there, as no trace is to be found of them, beyond the tradition. It is probable thej' were the same worthies of whom an account, by tbeir names, is given in the historv of Muskingum township.

In 1798, a Mr. Priest settled in the same localit}^ Tradition informs us that " Mr. Priest, wife and six children, the youngest in arms, removed from Culpepper county, Virginia, four hundred miles away, the parents walking, the mother carrying her babe, while the other children and their household goods and furniture were transported on pack horses. Mrs. Priest lived to be 102 years old." It is to be regretted that the place of their location and some of the events of such a family, have not been kept in the memory of some one, or otherwise preserved.

Abel Lewis came to Zanesville from Pennsylvania, in -the year 1800. It is said he was a man of unusual courage, although very cautious. Doubtless a man venturing fi-oni Pennsylvania into Ohio, at that time, was possessed of true courage. The following incident, related of him, evinces his caution : " Traveling on foot, when night came, in order to avoid the danger of being attacked by wild beasts while asleep, he climbed into a tree top, tied his arm to a limb with his pocket handkerchief, and passed the night safely." That the country was settled by such men, was svirely a guarantee of its development in the ways of civilization. Mr. Lewis was clerk of the court from 1803 to 181 1 ; he was a surveyor, also. He removed to the farm now occupied by his son, George J. Lewis, in 1812. George was a small boy at that time, and has lived on the old home place ever since. It is situated near the north boundary, and a little west of the median line of the township.

The next to join the settlement, were William Kamp and Frederick Geyer. The latter, in 1807, lived on the farm now owned by Lewis Lane. His son, George F. Geyer, then a mere lad, is now in his eighty-fifth year.

The First School. - We would have liked to have given the names of the first scholars, or some of them, and their succcessors. It would have enabled the reader to recall fond memories, and doubtless would have awakened fountains of human feeling seemingly dried up. It is an unwelcome task to record so little concerning a field so fruitful of " happier hours," that were cherished in the long ago. Surely there was a wealth of ties in common, when children found their way o'er hill and dale to the log school house, where the teacher was sometimes taught as well as the scholar. And when the mysteries of the books were laid away for the day, and the evening shades began to fall, their souls bi'eathed a " common prayer :"

And as the children wandered home again, often peering into each others faces, some of which were radiant with feeling, and tears of jo}' or sorrow lingered on the cheek - how hallowed those scenes ! but we have none other than our own memory to draw from, and so must be content with a few brief statements, and leave the reader to supply the rest.

The first school, then, was kept in the edge of Falls and Hopewell townships, in i8oi,by a Mr. Black. The first school house in this township was built on the farm owned by William Search, situated in the southwest corner of the township, about 1804. This temple of learning, like many cotemporary institutions of the same kind, was of the primitive order of architecture - and too famihar to the student of "ye olden time" to warrant a description here. The purpose for which it was reared was served in the most practical way. It was then that the future statesman and philosopher, or the dignified matron, first struggled with the problems in orthography, and it is worthy of note that this subject has not ceased to cause a struggle in its mastery, even in institutions of greater pretensions, to this day. Writing and Arithmetic, the remaining members of the trio that embraced the curriculum of the institutions aforesaid - otherwise expressed in the phrase to " read, write and cipher " - formed the most important factors that challenged their endeavor. The graduates of these institutions had one advantage over those of more modern times, they were satisfied with their attainments arid betook themselves to the industrial pursuits of life, which, to them, were the short roads to happiness.

About the same time, perhaps a little later, J. Ranny taught school on the Camp farm, on the north side of the Licking river. The teachers have doubtless passed away, and there are few of the pupils to answer to the roll call.

The inception of this settlement, was when Moses Dillon first saw the Falls. About the year 1803, or 1804, Moses Dillon, senior, then about seventy years of age, came to this region, as the traveling companion of a Qiiaker minister, on a visit to the Wyandot Indians, located at the head waters of the Coshocton branch of the Muskingum river. Arriving at the Falls of the Licking, Mr. Dillon was first impressed with the beauty of the landscape, and then with the fact that here was a fine water-power, and conceived the idea of utilizing it for manufacturing purposes. Before leaving the neighborhood, he discovered iron ore, which increased his determination to make this a business point. Soon after his return to his home, in Pennsylvania, he purchased a tract of land, including the Falls - probably near three thousand acres. He moved to the Falls in 1805, and erected an iron furnace and foundry, and made all kinds of hollow-ware then in vogue. This was probably the first furnace and foundry erected west of the Alleghanj- Mountains. In 1814. Mr. Dillon built a gristmill and two sawmills near the Falls, one on the east side of the river. These mills, and the furnace and foundry, gave employment, sometimes to as man\- as one hundred and fifty men.

In 1806. Mr. Dillon opened a store at the Falls of the Licking, with a general assortment of merchandise suited to the wants of the pioneer, and trading with the Indians, many of whom yet lingered in the region round about, and found it convenient to exchange their skins, furs, other wares, and meats, for articles of clothing and ammunition. This became an important trading point. The people were allowed to settle on his land near by, and the village, that grew in this wise - though never regularly laid out, and no one acquired title to the land occupied by them - once numbered fifty families.

Moses Dillon had three sons, John, Isaac, and Moses, who, like himself, were enterprising men. He was engaged in business with his sons until near the time of his death, in 1828, having lived to be ninety-four yeai"s old. His son John continued the furnace, foundiy, and mills, for some years after the father's. death, and gave attention to agriculture and horticulture. He and his brother Isaac were among the number who organized the Muskingum County Agricultural Society, in 1836. They held their first fair at the Court House inZanesville, an account of which is given in another part of this work. John Dillon was the first President of the Society. He died in the year 1862, aged eighty-six, having lived a very useful life. Isaac Dillon was extensively engaged in agriculture, horticulture, and breeding fine stock. He was the first in the township to engage in breeding Durham cattle and Merino sheep, and aided many others to engage in this business.

In 1825, Isaac Dillon engaged in manufacturing linseed oil, carpets, cloths, cassimeres, and satinet. His mills were located at the mouth of the Licking river, in West Zanesville. He had a sawmill just above the bridge, and a store in the brick building now standing between the railroad bridge and the Licking river. They have all passed away ! Others occupy the field, with industries larger and grander, but not moi^e important than those in their day.

" The blood of our ancestors nourished the tree ; From their tomb, from their ashes it sprung , Its boughs with their trophies are hung ; Their spirit dwells in it, and - hark ! for it spoke, The Toice of our fathers ascends from the oak.''

The First Store

The first store was opened at the Falls of the Licking by Moses Dillon and sons, about A. D. 1806. Their merchandise was brought to them on pack-horses, rarely by wagon, and embraced everything known to the pioneer's schedule.

The First Mail Route

The first mail route through this township was from Zanesville to Newark, north of the Licking river, inaugurated in 1806. The mail was first carried on horseback. In 1825, Neile, Moore & Company placed coaches on the road. This was a doubtful improvement, even for passengers, as road working had not been practiced, ahd most of the route lay through swampy woods. It was no unusual thing for a coach - having to take to the hillsides, to avoid the swamps - to upset, to the disquietude of the inmates, and sometimes seriously damaging their persons. The music of the driver's horn, or the flourish of his whip, may not be forgotten, but their combined influence could not subdue the fears of those who entrusted themselves to their care over one of these routes.

About the same time, John S. Dugan ran a line of stages fram Zanesville to Newark, via Irville and Nashport, a longer route, but traveled in less time than the other, as the road was better. One Alexander Thompson was a driver on this route. Drivers were notable characters, and fully appreciated their position, as mail carriers, especially, and often were "the boon companions of men of high as well as low degree."

Methodist Episcopal Church

This society was formed at the Falls of Licking river, about four miles from Zanesville, and organized in 1807. The first members were : Edward Tanner and family, Samuel Simpson and family, and Baltzer Fletcher and family.

The first class-leader and preacher was Rev. David Sherrard. The Reverends, James B. Findley and George Ellis, "pioneer itinerants," preached at this place, at divers times, and in sundry other places in this region, and were largely instrumental in the formation of the society alluded to. The former was for some time a missionary among Indians.

In 1807, or 1808, another society, under the auspices of the Methodist Episcopal Church, was formed, in the northwest corner of the territory now known as Falls township, and was known as Hayne's or Hooper's Society, probably because persons of those names took a leading part in their religious exercises ; this is more reasonable than to suppose that they were the leading contributors, for, in those days, all who attended the house of prayer were content with a very humble temple, and, as their habits were frugal, there was but a nominal expense connected with the service. The probability is, also, that those who worshiped at all, worshiped God, since there was no pomp of circumstance, nor gorgeousness, about the temple to distract them from it.

This society built a meeting-house, in 1810, in the same locality. An accidental circumstance gave rise to the name by which it was best known in after years. During the process of building, one of the logs was blackened by fire before being raised to its place in the building, and the meeting-house was named "Black Log." Some, however, preferred to call it the chapel.

Organization, Topography, Soil And Geology

This township was oi-ganized on the 9th of March, A. D., 1808. September 3, 1817, a part of West Zanesville was added to its territory. It is bounded by the following lines:, "Beginning on the west side of the Licking' River, at the corporation line of the city of Zanesville, on what is the "MiHtary, or Base line,' thence west along said line one and one-half miles to the southeast corner of Hopewell township ; thence north along the line of said township to the southeasterly corner of Licking, and southwesterl}^ corner of Muskingum townships : thence east along the south line of Muskingum township to the Muskingnm river ; thence in a southerly direction along, and down, said river to the corporation line of the city of Zanesville ; thence west and south around the said corporation of Zanesville to the place of beginning."

western poi"tion, leaving an area of about onethird of its territory south and west of said river. There are several small streams in the township, which flow into the Licking River, viz. : Bartlett's Run, Devore's Run, and Timber Run. There are also a number of never-failing springs, so that the region is well watered.

Topographically, this section is one of the most pleasing to the eye, in its varying landscapes, to be found in the county. The surface being generall}' undulating, even near the river, where the slopes are known as first and second bottom, and viewed as a whole, it is an inviting held to the agricvxlturalist. The soil, as in other regions similarly situated, is a sandy loam on the bottom lands, and a clay sub-soil on the uplands, and noted for its productiveness, inasmuch that it has been termed "the farmer's paradise."

The native trees, once densfe forests, embraced white, red and black oaks ; chestnut, hickory, elm, ash, beech, sugar, maple, black and white walnut.

Mineralogically, this township compares favorably with many others of the county. Sandtone, limestone and iron ore are found in many localities.

The First Surveyors

The first surveyors were Charles and John Roberts, who came to this township in 1808. It is probable that they ran most of the lines for the settlers in this township ; yet, as there is no record on this subject, we have only the tradition that they were here about the time stated.

The first brick made and burned in this township, was in 1808, by WilHam Trago. His kiln was about two miles west of the city of Zanesville, near where Mr. A. M. Hollingsworth resides.

The first dam across the Muskingum River, at Zanesville, was built in 1809, and a short distance above the present dam, which was built by the State, in 1838.

About the same time, Richard Fairlamb and Michael Dnlty erected a large flouring mill on the west side of the Muskingum river, a short distance below the dam. The mill was subsequently purchased by John and Richard Drone. About the same time, also, Matthew Gillespie built a large mill for the manufacture of linseed oil ; this was located near where the west end of the railroad bridge «ow stands. This mill was subsequently used by R. N. and Daniel Dunlap, for the manufacture of broom handles and clothes pins.

The first physician was Dr. Isaac Helmick, who located in West Zanesville ; the time, and precise location, have not been found out. That any son of Esculapius should be doomed to the

" In Pseslum's ancient fanes I trod, And mused on those strange men of old, Whose dark religion could unfold, So many gods, and yet no God ! Did they to human feelings o.wn, And had they human souls, indeed ?"

But they were sculptured, or carved in letters bold, with many a record of their deeds ; while now no scroll or tablet, nor humble shaft, is found to speak of the deeds of sacrifice that blessed his fellow, nor memory of his worth.

Owing to the fact that West Zanesville formed a part of Falls township, mention of the laying out of the village is here repeated. This was done by John Mclntire, A. D., 1809. He surveyed and platted certain squares, which were sub-divided into lots, viz. : Beginning at the north end of the bridge, and running north along River street, numbers one to twenty inclusive, fronting on River street. This plat was never recorded.

The Western Addition, or Newtown, was laid out in 1852. A part of this tract was owned by John Lee, to-wit. : That part lying west of Blue avenue.

The village was incorporated A. D., 1869, and under this new state of things, Henr)^ Petei's was elected Mayor, and Imri Richards, Recorder.

The first distillery was built by James Tharp, in 1809 or 1810, about one mile west of Zanesville. James Fulton subsequently started a distillery, on what was known as the Snider Farm, near the county infirmary grounds. This was afterwards carried on b\- J. Belknap.

Anno Domini, 1810, Rev. James B. Finley, a Methodist minister on the Knox circuit, held his first appointment at Dillon's Falls, in the house of Henr\- Dick, who kept the tavern, then the only one in the place, and notwithstanding the assembl}' was rough by nature and habit, a class was organized, consisting of John and Jacob Hooper, J. Denlenhifter, Mr. - - Cooper and wife, and Samuel Gasawa\-, the latter a colored man.

A Mewed Log Meeting House

Rev. James B. Findley started a subscription for a hewed log Meeting House, which was erected soon alter. Just before the house was erected, Bishop McKendree, passing by on his western tour, was asked to preach a dedication sermon on the foundation and the logs, which he did from the scripture, "And upon this rock I win build my church," Matt. XVI. 18. The house was built, and, after many }.ears of service,

Temperance Work

Near about 1810, Rev. James B. Finley inaugurated a temperance society at the Furnace, at Dillon's Falls. He improvised a platform by mounting a salt kettle, and made such an earnest plea in behalf of temperance, that every one present took a pledge to keep liquor away fi'om the furnace, and though no record of that event, or report of the conduct of those who took that pledge, is to be found, tradition has it that the pledge was faithfull}^ kept.

About the year 1809, John Corbis, of West Zanesville, opened a house of entertainment ; his house, a small one, was built of hewed logs, and had a porch in front. The chief commendation " in favor of this tavern was good food and plenty of clean floor to sleep on." A year later, one Mr. Dick opened a tavern, the location of which is not known.

In 1816, John Lee opened a tavern at the Falls, and was very popular. The " landlord," as the tavern keeper was called, had the opportunity of being considered the oracle in state affairs, as he was, by virtue of his position, the associate and confident of the politicians, who, through him, canvassed the country and laid the political wires that often controlled the elections. Lee was a shrewed man and a general favorite.

Flouring Mill At Dillon'S Falls

George Jackson erected a flouring mill at the Falls of the Licking, in 1808 or 1810, on the east side of the river, just below Dillon's Furnace. It is said, that people came fifty and sixty miles to this mill, and sometimes had to wait several days for their grist.

The First Burying Ground

The first burying ground was donated by John Dillon, Senior, in 1810. He gave an acre of ground, located not far from the mouth of Timber Run, about one mile west of the city of Zanesville. It is still used as a cemeteiy, and known as "The Quaker Burying Ground." Among the first, perhaps the first, persons interred there, were William Tudor and family. This may, and may not, have been a branch of the Tudors of English renown. It may be that the last of the Tudors has passed away. They are gone, and

The first tannery was started near the Falls of the Licking river, by William English, in 1810. It is not known how long Mr. English conducted this business, or who, if any one, was his successor.

The first marriage in the precincts of what is now Falls township, took place in 1814. George Simpson and Rachel Tanner, were the contracting parties. We are not informed where the ceremony was solemnized, or who joined them in wedlock according to prescribed form, if any such functionary were present ; certain it is that " marriage is honorable in all, and the bed undefiled. Wherefore they are no more twain, but one flesh. What, therefore, God hath joined together, let not man put asunder."

Hon. David Chambers was elected a Member of Congress in 1820, one term. And in 185 1, was elected a member of the Ohio Legislature, to which he was returned nine times. He was a member of the Ohio Constitutional Convention, and the last.

General Edward Ball was elected member of Congress in 1853 ; re-elected in 1857 ; and in 1867, was elected a member of the Ohio House of Representatives, to which he was re-elected in 1869.

Salt Works

General Samuel Herrick owned, and operated a salt well in 1823 ; it was situated in the northeast part of the township, on what is now known as the James Miller farm. The brine was reputed very good, but the works have long since been abandoned.

The first Sabbath School was organized in 1824, at the house of Henry Cook, who was the first Superintendent. There is a flourishmg school at the "Union Reform Church," near the same place, of which Adam Drumm is Superintendent. The average attendance is thirty-six.

Mehodist Protestant Church

In 1828, there arose a dissension in the Methodist Episcopal Church, when those who held views essentially different from the Methodist Church withdrew from fellowship, and organized a new church, under the name given at the beginning of this article. The first church organized under this banner, in this township, was in 1835, ^t the house of John Tanner, where Rev. Joseph Thrapp and Rev. Cornelius Springer preached occasionally.

The National Road, or National Pike, from Washington City, D. C. to St. Louis, Missouri, through this township, was built in 1830. This is the only turnpike road in the township.

Frazeyburg Road School

The school house on the Frazeyburg road, about one mile north of the line bounding Falls township, on the north, was the school to which .pupils living in the northern part of Falls township had to go, in those days. It was a hewed log building, with long windows, rough furniture, planks fastened to the walls for desks, and but little improvement on those first in use in this section of country. The ground on which it was built was donated for the purpose by John Vandenbark, since deceased. The house was erected in 1840. The first teacher was one Gibson. The number of scholars generally in attendance was forty.

Religious services were held in this hoxise soon after it was opened, and occasionally Rev. Joseph Thrapp preached there. He was a Methodist Protestant. It does not appear that any religious society was organized there.

Rich Vale M. E. Church

This society was organized in 1842. The church was erected soon after, and is situated on the road leading from Zanesville to Dresden, about five miles from the city.

The membership, at the time of organization, embraced Nathan Kelley and family, E. Wilkinson and family, S. M. Bell and family, Simeon Kelley and family and E. V. Walker.

Oakland Church

C. Goddard, of Zanesville. The site was deeded to William Camp and John Vandenbark, as Trustees. The society was organized in 1844 ; some of the members at that time were, William Camp and family, John Vandenbark and family,

A Sabbath School was organized soon after the church was built ; at that time, there were thirty scholars. The Superintendent was John Vandenbark. The school now has an average attendance of one hundred. William Scales is the present Superintendent.

Ancient Pottery

plowing, in 1845, on a ridge, in three places, of about 30x40 feet each, beds of crockery ware. When turned up by a plow, the fragments, generally two or three inches in diameter, gave evidence of having been shaped by man, but on exposure to the atmosphere, soon crumbled to dust. Oak trees, from two to three feet in diameter, had grown over this ridge, and evidently since the pottery fragments were placed there. An iron vessel, about five inches long and one and a quarter inches deep, was plowed up in one of these places. Potters clay is found near here and may have been worked.

Post Office In West Zanesville Glen Moore Nursery

The nursery business, in any region, is to the cultivation of fruits and flowers, what the breeding of fine stock is to the agriculturist - and more. It may be said that improved breeds of cattle, hogs, and sheep are powerful adjuvants to the physical well-being of mankind, and there is some truth in the assertion, when the form of the animal is considered as more pleasing to the eye. But this is only true in proportion as we are educated to see beauty in certain prescribed forms, whereas, we cannot fail to recognize beauty in every creature in the animal kingdom, when we have been educated to recognize the natural outlines, as well as other elements of beaut)' in them. It may be said that the fleece of sheep has been greatly improved by certain arts, and yet this is open to criticism. It may be said that, beyond all conti'oversy, the fine blooded horse is the noblest specimen of the equine race. Well, accepting the advantages, and that they have been brought about by skillful management, with equal truth it may be claimed that the fruits and flowers of every region have been improved, in qualit)' and quantit}-, b)' the same skillful management, and have vastlj- more enriched mankind in their effects on his physical well-being, and are quite as profitable in a financial point of view. These considerations, then, justify giving place to the nursery business.

The inception of this nursery business, it may be, was forced by reason of the delicate health of its founder - S. Jacobs Moore. This state of health was engendered by uncongenial pursuits, which the outdoor and pleasing exercise of the horticultural business did much to restore. It is said that, shortly after coming to Zanesville, in 1856, he purchased an acre and a half of ground in "Mt. Auburn Addition to Zanesville," on the west side of the river, and moved himself and family there. Another acre and a half was soon added to the first, and the work of planting fruit and ornamental trees began. In the fall of 1865, his nephew, S. R. Moore, came, and another tract, containing eleven acres, partly covered with forest trees, was purchased, and, by the spring following, this ground was cleared and prepared for nursery purposes, and dviring 1867-68-69, a small stock was gi'owing. Some small fruits were set out. In the spring of 1866, a vineyard of an acre and a half was planted. In 1874, the crop gathered from this vineyard was equal to eight tons to the acre ! This prosperity was arrested, however, by the grap© rot, from which the vines in this region have not been entirely exempt any year since it made its appearance. The nursery stock, on the other hand, has been increased steadily. The soil and climate are manifestly favorable to the horticulturist.

S. Jacobs Moore continued to superintend the nursery business until near the time of his death, after which the business was conducted by S. R. Moore, until the fall of 1877, when he took control of Mt. Pleasant nursery, and Mrs. S. H. Moore took .charge of Glen Moore nursery. In the spring of 1879, S- -^^ Moore relinquished Mt. Pleasant nursery, and joined Mrs. S. H. Moore in conducting Glen Moore nursery. In addition to fruit trees and flowers, shade and other ornamental trees have a conspicuous place in this industry. To such efforts as this, the county and surrounding region owes much for the opportunity of beautifying homes and cemeteries, and has derived a healthy stimulus in fruit culture.

Israelitish Burial Ground

This was regularly laid out and set apart for the purpose in 187 1, and has since been decorated in a becoming manner, and well kept. It is situated on the north side of the National pike, about two miles west of the city of Zanesville. It is under the control of the following Board of Trustees : Jacob Shonfield, Michael Shonfield, Wolf Dryfus, Henry Baer, and Rudolph Meyer.

The Village Of West Zanesville Annexed To The City Of Zanesville

The question of annexation to the city of Zanesville was brought before the people in 1870, and resulted in the election of several officers favorable to the consolidation, to wit : Mayor, C. W. Buckmaster ; Recorder, James Patrick, whose influence brought about a test, by a vote of the people, in October, of that year, when a majority of the votes cast were in favor of annexation.

The first Grange (Pataskala), was organized in 187 1. The members were: William Townsend, S. M. Bell, J. P. McEwen, and three of the Vanderbarks, whose given names are not remembered. J. P. McEwen was the first Master. At the time of the organization, the meetings were held in the southeastern part of the township, but were subsequently moved across the township, near the northeastern part. S. M. Bell was then the Master.

Rich Valley Grange, No. 925. - This is an organization of the Patrons of Husbandry, which was consummated May 28th, 1874, in the vicinity of John M. Lane's, in Muskingum township. The first members were : John M. Lane, John Welsh, Lewis Lane, William Lane, Boggs Mc- Dowell, William Latham, Wesley Gorsuch, John Riley, and D. McGee. John M. Lane was the first Master.

Thomas Williams erected his pottery near the National pike, about five miles west of the city, in 1874, ^"d still conducts the business. Another was erected about the same time, near the Falls of Licking. The capacity of these potteries, like about all others in this county, is 80,000 gallons of ware per annum.

Lime Burning

This simple industry is, nevertheless, an important one, and has been carried on in this township, by numerous persons, under varj'ing circumstances and degrees of success. In 1874, ^- Hattan and Philip Mourin, (the latter having discovered limestone of the Newtonville strata, according to the State Geological Report), erected a lime kiln a little below the Falls of the Licking, on the east side, and continued to burn lime until the stone gave out, which was in the fall of 1880, when the business, of necessity, ceased. It is worthy of note, that Mr. Mourin devised this kiln as a continuous burner, with a capacit}'^ of one hundred bushels of lime per day. They sold all of their lime in Zanesville.

Iron Ore

Iron ore was discovei-ed by Philip Mourin, in the same locality, immediately above the limestone. The ore was of superior quality, about six inches thick. A large quantity was hauled to the iron furnace, at Zanesville, and manufactured there. The supply gave out in the fall of 1880.

Magnesian Limestone

Immediately below the limestone, near Dillon's Falls, is this formation, ranging from four to ten feet in thickness, When quarried, it is soft and easily sawed into any desired shape, and, after exposure for a short time to the atmosphere, it becomes quite hard, and suitable for building purposes. The faciHty of quarrying and cutting into desired shapes, makes this a very desirable stone for ornamental work in buildings.

The First Railroad

The first railroad passing through this township was the Central Ohio, from Columbus to Wheeling, now called the Baltimore and Ohio, There is a station at Dillon's Falls.

A section was obtained on Henry Flesher's place, showing Putnam Hill limestone, one foot six inches thick ; sandstone fifteen feet thick ; siderite ore, five inches thick; also, six inches thick. The sandstone is unusually coarse for Waverly. Some loose fragments of conglomerate were seen on the surface of the ground near the horizon of Maxville limestone, but no conglomerate was found in place.

The following geological section was taken on Joe's Run, abovit half a mile north of the Central Ohio railroad bridge, across the Licking river:

Railroad

This is the second township north of the city of Zanesville, west of the Muskingum river, being bounded on the east by that stream, north by Cass township, west by Licking township, and south by Falls township.

there, were : David Devore, James Beach, and James Black, in 1797. The former built his cabin on the east side of the township, near the river, but subsequently abandoned this site and located on the south half of section six, township two, range eight, near a small stream that has since been known as "Devore.'s run." James Black settled on the farm now owned by John Stitt. The only homestead chosen by Jaines Black, according to tradition, was under his hat ! These were followed, in 1798, by John Bland, (whose son, Silas, was born while they were yet in camp, the same year), Elijah Stradley, and Ebenezer Ryan. The former settled on a part of section thirteen ; Mr. Stradley, on lot thirty-six, (as now surveyed), and Ryan continued to roam. David Devore built the first hewed log house in the township, in 1798. The reaper. Death, came into the j'oung settlement and took Timothy Prior, in 1799, the record of whose coming was, doubtless, buried with him, as it is not known. Jesse Dowell and James Devore passed over the river about the year 1800. They were buried on the Gardner farm, which spot became the first cemetery of the township. William Blandjoined his brother John, in 1803. In 1808, Levi Cooper, George Welsh, Samuel McCann, and Joseph Spencer were added to the community. McCann settled on section seven, Cooper on section thirteen, Welsh on the south half of section twenty-two, and Spencer on section five.

It will be seen by referring to the date of the acquisition of title to the lands from the Indians, that it had not been fully consummated ; that this region was a part of the domain of the Aborigines, and, as subsequent histor}- shows, they were reluctant to quit this countrv for parts unknown to them. And with the displeasure at parting with their happy hunting grounds, came the pang of separating from the graves of their fathers. That the inducements to remain where valuable game for meat and skins was abundant, with the facility of carr3ing these commodities, by boat, to the traders' headquarters, at Marietta, or even beyond, was sufficient, in a commercial point of view, will be apparent to any one at all acquainted with the geography and early history of the country. And when the great confederation of Indian tribes is taken into account, we can but wonder that the red men submitted to the gready inferior foixe of the white man. They did not make haste to depart, but lingered, thinking, and rightly, that the whites were getting so much the best of the bargain, that they were willing to ignore the stipulations of the treaty, and occasionally found pleasure in running off stock, and, upon slight provocation, killing men, and even women. They killed a young. woman who was affianced to one Hughes. This very naturally, exasperated him, and he induced his friend Ratlifl^'to join him in an oath of revenge. This was quickly put to the test by another overt act upon the part of the Indians, who stole horses from Hughes and RathflF, one night in the month of April, 1800. Revenge on the Indians - any Indians - was the literal meaning of their vow. The injured parties easily enlisted another man - John Bland- - in their cause; which now included the recovery of their horses. Fortunately for any unoffending Indians that might have been in the neighborhood, sufficient snow had fallen to enable them to track the marauders, and they followed them into Knox county, thirtj' miles away, when, seeing there were only two, they cast lots to determine who should be the avengers of the outrage. The lot fell upon Hughes and Bland. The party crept stealthily nearer, to make assurance doubly sure. Hughes brought the first Indian to the dust, while Bland's gun failed, and this gave the remaining Indian a chance to plead for his life, which he did, saying : "Ugh ! me bad Indian ; me do so no more !" With this confession and promise on his lips, Ratliff absolved him from further earthly trouble by sending a bullet through his heart. The trio then secured their horses and returned home ; and such was the effect of this mode of dealing out justice that the red man began to forsake this region, and the pioneer pursued the ways of peaceful industry with but little molestation.

The first orchards were set out by Daniel Devore and William Bland, in the year 1800, and soon after, George Welsh planted an apple and peach orchard. These being the first orchards in this section, the fruit was in great demand by old and voung, the latter sometimes appropriating a supply without consulting the owners thereof.

The first barn was built on the farm now owned by George Walsh, about the year 1810. Richard Owens did the carpenter work, and was probably the first carpenter in the township. Dutton Lane had a frame barn built on the farm now owned by Milo Miller - one Crowel was the carpenter. This was "in an early day."

Samuel Gest, John Dorsey, and Rev. Joseph Thrapp came in 18 10. Dorsey settled upon the west part of section four ; Thrapp in the southwest corner of the township, upon the farm now owned by his son, J. E. Thrapp. In 1812, Henry J. Butler and Samuel Baxter arrived. The former settled on the west border of the township, just north of Thrapp, and the latter did not make a home of his own. John M. Lane, a blacksmith, from Baltimore county, Maryland, came in 1815 ; he opened a farm on section nineteen. Norman Gorsuch, from the same place, came soon after, with his family and household goods. They made the trip of three hundred and seventy-five miles in twenty-two days. He died at the age of seventy-three. His son, Joshua, now in his eightythird year, lives on the farm opened by his father. The wife of Joshua was the daughter of Rev. Joseph Thrapp, (of the Methodist Episcopal church, who moved from Virginia to Licking county, and in 181 o settled upon the farm now owned by J. E. Thrapp.)

Francis Asbury, afterwards so well known as Bishops of the Methodist Episcopal church. Mr. J. E. Thrapp thinks McKendree was then a Bishop. Many are said to have been converted at the meeting, among them was Samuel Hamilton, of Hopewell township, who became a minister, and continued to labor for the cause of Christ until disabled by age, and he died triumphantly in the faith he had preached.

The triumphs of these brave pioneers have not been sung, nor the tales of the hardships they endured been preserved, by faithful chronicler, but memory relumes with a hallowed fire as traditional accounts are told o'er and o'er at the fireside of their happy descendants ; and the incense of gratitude goes up from many a heart for the beauty and quiet of homes now the heritage of the dwellei's in "old Muskingum," ever enhanced by the fruitful fields, the orchards of luscious fruits,- and vine-clad hills, happy children, schools and churches, and we hear their song :

The surface that constituted the theatre of their actions, is undulating, until you approach the eastern part, where it rises into headlands, near the river, sometimes rather abruptly. There are no large streams, yet the township is considered well watered. "Devore's run" rises in Cass township, and flows in a southeastern direction, through the western part of the township. There are, besides, a number of smaller streams and rrever-failing springs.

The soil is principally sandy loam, except in the most undulating portions, where clay subsoil predominates. The cereals, as well as vegetables, do well in this township.

Coal of good quality abounds in the eastern part of the township. Some iron ore has been found, but not demonstrated to be in paying quality or quantity.

The first road surveyed was the State Road, from Zanesville to Coshocton, about 1830. It passed through the eastern portion of the township ; and from Zanesville to Newark - about the same time. The latter passes through the southwestern portion of the township.

The territory embraced in this township was formerly joined with that of Falls, and was organized March 8th, 1808, and then included West Zanesville, under a new organization, June 7th, 1816. Muskingum township, as now bounded, was organized the 3d of September, 181.7, and was a part of what had been West Zanes-

The first election of township officers is said to have been held at the house of Captain James Tajdor, on the last Saturday of September, 1817. The first Justice of the Peace, elected at the same time, was Henry Butler. The names of the township officers do not appear on record, nor does tradition furnish them.

The First Church

The first church (Methodist Episcopal) was organized by Rev. Joseph Thrapp and family, at his house, in the southwest corner of the township, in 1810. The society, at its inception, was composed of Rev. Joseph Thrapp and family, John Thrapp and family, Mr. Hickison and family, and Mr. Hall and family. Their first preacher was Rev. James Qiiinn. The society has continued through every adversity and flourished. They now worship at Sherrard Chapel, which is included in the circuit embracing Irville, Nashport. Hooper's Chapel, and Rich Vallc}'. Each of these places is supplied by Rev. Leem aster, who preaches to each congregation every two weeks.

Sabbath School In Early Times

Archibald McCann was very devoted to the welfare of the young people of his neighborhood, and on Sabbath gave his whole time to teaching ; opening school in the morning, and continuing all day - in studying the Bible. Mr. McCann was drowned in the canal at Zanesville, on the night of March 29th, 1839. "^^^ drawbridge had been left open, and, the night being dark, he did not discover it, and, walking off, fell into the water.

The First Mill

The first mill was built by David Devore, on "Devore's run," in 1812. This was a crude affair ; after the wheat was ground, it was carried in sacks, upon men's shoulders, to the upper story of the mill, and there bolted by hand.

The first sawmill was built by Rev. Joseph Thrapp, on his place, in the southwest corner of the township, in 181 2. Elias Green had a sawmill, in 1825, on the same site where David Devore's mill stood in 18 12.

The First Tanneries The Baptist Church

18 13. The house is located on the farm now owned by John Welsh, which is the southwest quarter of section twenty-two, township two, rfinge eight.

The cemetery grounds comprise three acres, and were used soon after the organization of the church. Three or four by the name of Lane, and five or six of the neighborhood, who died previous to this time, were buried on the farm now owned by Joshua Butler (northwest quarter of section twenty-two, township two, range eight), and their graves remain there to this day.

The Presbyterian Church, known also as the " Pierson Church," (situated about the center of the township, north and south, and about two and a half fniles from the west line) was organized in 1 8 14, and was first ministered to b)' Rev. James Culbei-tson, of Zanesville.

The site for this church and cemetery, containing about one acre, was donated by David Pierson and George Welsh, jointly. The first members were David Pierson and family, Joseph McDonald and family, and some named Welsh, but no record has been found and we have to content ourselves with this tradition. A Sabbath School was organized hei'e in 1849 5 ^^^ school has continued to this da}'^ and now has about forty scholars in attendance. The present Superintendent is Rev. Tenny, assisted by

The First School

The first school was taught by one Shutlift', in " the Pierson School House," about the year of 1815. John ElHott, Sanford Raimy, Archibald McCann, and a Mr. Phelps, were' among the teachers whose names are remembered, but dates and localities are wanting. Like many of their profession, they did not deem it necessary to leave any record of their doings, so that it is possible tradition may fail to do them justice by not weaving a chaplet for their brows.

The school house of " ye olden time " was not intended to be more comfortable than the dwelling, and it is altogether likely the scholars seldom came to any other conclusion. The furnisliing had little to inspire the uncultured mind. What was obtained in this temple, was by the hardest, in its most literal sense.

Some distinguished men have begun their career in the humble schools of this township. Hon. C. S. Hamilton, Representative in Congress in 1867-68, from the district embracing

Union county, went from this township. His career was suddenly terminated by an insane son striking him on the head with a board, when he was on a visit home ; the son after kilHng his father -attempted to kill other members of the family.

Rev. Israel and Joel Thrapp, well known ministers of the M. E. Church, were raised in this township and received their early training amid the puncheons above alluded to. Hon. Elias Ellis was a pupil in the Pierson School House ; his father came to this township in 1806, and at the time of his death, in August, 1833, lived in the town of Irville, Licking township. Elias Ellis, senior, came from Belmont county, Ohio, with his family and household goods on pack horses. Elias, junior, was born in Belmont county, Ohio, July nth, 1805, and was less than a year old when the family arrived here. He has been elected to the Legislature four times ; first in 1869, member of the Lower House, and reelected in 1871. In 1873 he was elected to the Upper House, and was one of the leading members of the Senate ; the district comprised the counties of Muskingum and Perry ; he was reelected in 1875.

Early Blacksmiths

John Lane worked at the forge, prior to 18 15. " Beal " Owens opened his shop in 1815, and Otho Miller started his fire soon after. But where, deponent saith not.

The Fiikt Distillery

The first distillery was built by Col. George Jackson, in 1818, near the Muskingum river ; we are not told whether this was illicit or not, but its location is not known. In 1824 another of those obscure institutions was said to exist, and Michael Hahn was credited with its management. David Pierson and James Welsh wei-e said to be in the business in 1818, or 1820.

The First Salt Works

The first salt works were probably erected by Col. George Jackson, somewhere in the eastern part of the township, close to the Muskingum river, about 1820. Salt brought from three to four dollars per bushel, in those days.

The first hotel, tavern, or place of entertainment, for these terms were used interchangeably, was by David Devore, about 1810-12. This was also his home - constructed of hewed logs, small, but comfortable. Dutton Lane opened a tavern on the road leading from Zanesville to Coshocton, in 1820; his accommodations were also limited to one small room.

The first brick house was built by Firman Spencer in 1825, near the present village of Shannon, which was laid out on land owned by Mr. Spencer, in 1830.

Welsh, in 1844. '^^e medium exchange was silver coin and scrip. When change was scarce, the larger pieces of coin were cut to suit the demand. Coffee sold at 50 to 62^ cents per pound ; tea at $2.00 ; calico at 37I to 50 cents per yard ; while wheat sold as low as twenty cents per bushel, and was a drug on the market at that, and the price was generally paid in trade.

This church had its inception in 1834, at the house of William Mattingly, the occasion being solemnized by the ceremony of " the Holy Sacrifice of the Mass," which was celebrated pretty regularly, monthly, thereafter, by the Dominican Fathers of Zanesville, up to the year 1855 i In 1856, the present beautiful brickedifice, 70x35, was built, on the northwest corner of John Mattingly's farm, being lot fourteen, Mr. Mattingly having donated one acre of ground for the church and cemetery. Francis- Mattingly generously furnished the church. The congregation was then ministered to by Rev. F. Breeder, from Newark, Ohio, until 1869, and since that time by Rev. J. M. Jacuett, of Coshocton.

Agricultural Implements

Agricultural implements, in an early day, were of the most primitive kind. The plows had wooden mould boards, with shear and coulter, made by "the village blacksmith," and the plowman had to carry a paddle to clean the plow, as it did not scour. And although this was a great improvement on the Egyptian plow - which was not a plow, but a sort of prong of iron, adjusted to an imitation of the stock of the present plow - but much rougher and heavier, and propelled by a woman and an ox, yoked together, with a man (?) atthe .handle, yet, when the patent plow, with cast iron mould board, was introduced, in 1825, and the inevitable paddle was thrown away, man and beast made light of that which had been drudgery, and Mother Earth seemed delighted to roll over. And when the ti'ee top and wooden toothed harrow were superseded by the iron tooth harrow, "the soil pulverized at the verj? touch," as it wei'e. And when iron prongs were substituted for wooden hay forks, "the song of the hay-maker" was heard in the land. Then, too, the brawny blacksmith, with sturdy stroke, made his anvil ring merry music as he pounded the hoe and mattock into shape, and the bewildered bystanders shouted as this son of Vulcan made the fire fly.

The household implements were not such a relief to the drudgery of the inmates, however. Spinning wheel and loom, with their whirring and clicking, were the nearest approach to musical instruments that the fair dames possessed.

urchins - with birch bark, with the stick in it, but the hides suitable for leather, was an indispensable practice, that almost assumed the dignity of an art.

Milling, or converting maize and other grain suitable for bread into flour, was an occupation which any member of the family large enough to wield the pounder, was liable to perform. The pestle, or pounder, when designed for a large grist, was poised by the sweep, permitting a heavy weight to be used in the performance, and then the mill was located out of doors. The bolting, or sifting, was generally done by the maids, sometimes by the boys.

Improved Breeds Of Stock

James Still introduced the,first Short Horned, or Durham, cattle, in 1839. ^^ took great pains with his stock, and has -been well repaid for his outlay and trouble. He was followed,, very shortly after, in the same pursuit, by James Mc- Cammon, whose Durham's have attracted special attention.

In 1830, Isaac Dillon, then a resident of Falls township, introduced what is described as "a very fine and profitable breed of sheep." The next step in this direction was by a gentleman from Pennsylvania, who introduced some French Merinos ; and the next sheep introduced were the Spanish Merinos, by an unknown gentleman. Among the early purchasers and successful growers of sheep, were Joshua Gorsuch,John M. Lane, Colonel E. Ellis, several of the Welsh family, Bland's, and John McDonald.

The first imported hogs were introduced in 1829, by Joshua Gorsuch. This breed was known as the Bedford. The next variety was the China, then the Poland, the Suffolk, the Chester White, and lastly, the Berkshire. Varied degrees of success have attended the growers, but result in the aggregate has been very satisfactory, and as many others have engaged in this business, it is safe to consider it profitable in this township.

Military Record

Revolutionary Soldiers. - The regiment and company unknown ; traditional authoritj', to-wit : Thomas Dowel, David Devore, William Blunt, William Bell and John Culling.

The following were "known to have been out in the war of 1812 :" Mose.s Welsh, Enos Devore, Wm. Bland (Captain), Thomas Bland, Jacob Lane, James Blunt, John Cullins, John Thrapp and Noah Matthews.

Cavalry. - About 1830, a company of cavalry was formed, of which William Ellis was Captain. The other officers and members are not remembered by the gentlemen who furnished this statement ; and it will be well enough to state here, that they - Francis Mattingly, Elias Ellis, James E. Thrapp and Charles Gorsuch - four of the oldest, best informed, and best preserved citizens of this township, were at great pains to furnish correct information for the history of this township, and have certified the data herein as the most complete and correct that can now be furnished. And while the absence of dates and specific location of some events is to be regretted, it is yet a matter of congratulation that they have been able to do so well from memory, having nothing else to guide them. And thanks are due to Joshua Gorsuch and wife, and John M. Lane, for valuable information.

During the early part of the war of the rebellion, fifty of the members of this ca\ali-y company volunteered, and twentj- were drafted. One of the former, Joseph T. Gorsuch, was a commissioned officer. -

State Militia

Under the State law of Ohio, in 1863, militia were enrolled, and performed military duty. Archibald McDonald and William Tatham, of this township, were Captains in the Second Muskingum county regiment. Charles Gorsuch was First Sergeant in one of them.

The Railroad

The Cincinnati & Muskingum Valley railway, commonly called the C. & M. V. R. R., traverses a part of the eastern and northeastern border of the township. Ellis Station, the only one in the township, was located in 1870. The Postoffice was opened at this station about the same time.

At Uniontown Railroad Telegraph

In general terms, this township is said to be in the southwest corner of Muskingum County. Its boundaries are as follows : On the north, by Springfield and a part of Hopewell townships ; on the east, by Brush Creek and a small portion of Springfieldtownships ; on the west, by Perry County.

The soil is generally fertile, and the region well watered. Jonathan's Creek is the principal stream, traversing the territory in a zig-zag course from the east, down below and up through the center, and out at the noi-theast corner, fertilizing and draining, with its south fork, a large area' of the township ; to these add the net-work of tributaries - Buckeye Fork, Kent's Run, Thornpson's Run, One Mile, Two Mile, Three Mile, and numerous other smaller tributaries, and it is found to be one of the best watered townships in the county.

The pioneer history is somewhat remarkable. This locality was a favorite resort of the Shawanese Indians, game and fish being abundant. The first record of actual settlement, is that Jacob Smith entered the west half of section twentythree, town fifteen, range fourteen, in 1797. He came from Bucks County, via Louden County, Virginia, and settled upon this land in 1802 ; his cabin was subsequently described as being one mile southwest of "Andrew Dugan's store :" his son John, now in his eightieth year of age, lives on the oldhome place.

Andrew Crooks, born in Berkley County, Virginia, in 1750, and Mary, his wife, of the same place, born in 1757, came to this region and settled on a part of section six, near the site now occupied by Newtonville, in the year 1800. His son George, now eighty-seven years old, lives on the "old home place." The same year, came also John Axline, from Bucks County, Pa., and settled on the southeast quarter of section thirtyfour. George Crooks, John Smith and John Axline, are the three oldest of the pioneers now living.

Independence Day

In view of the few settlers mentioned, it would certainly excite the curiosity of the reader to be told that the anniversary of the Nation's birthday was celebrated in Newton toWnship at this early period ; and yet such is the narrative detailed by "the oldest inhabitants" of to-day ; and they add, "the celebration was in a grove, east of the place now known as Newtonville, on "the Nolan farm," where William Rankin now resides. There is a beautiful grove, and "ye hardy pioneers" from the region round about, assembled and rejoiced, singing :

The orator of the day, was Andrew J. Copland, of Zanesville. The Declaration of Independence was read b}' Joseph Monroe, a relative of James Monroe, the fifth President of the United States. Everybody celebrated. There was a

"feast of reason and a flow of soul," and it is said that many were almost too full for utterance. Those days of lang syne are cherished, with many a fond recollection, by George Crooks, John Axline, John Smith, and Mrs. E. Counce, the only known survivors.

In the fall of the year 1800, Andrew Crooks gave the use of a lot of ground on his place for a school house, and William McElree, a Scotchman of rare practical sense, and thorough education, consented to become the teacher. This was a condescension, in view of the primitive state of architecture, and furnishing ; but then he was there as an adventurer, seeking his fortune, and accepted the situation ; and now, having entered upon the subject of schools, for convenience, we shall narrate what has been given to us on this matter, at this time. "The school house up Buckeye," was built in 1800, and called by some, "the Springer School House," because it was built on Jacob Springer's place - the same now owned by S. D. Springer, south of Uniontown. Timothy Wheeler was the first teacher, and was succeeded by Thomas H. Dalson. About this time, there was a school house on the Abbott place, half a mile east of the site now occupied by Newtonville. Mrs. Rankin remembers attending this school, which was taught by John Matthews. When the creek was up, they had to cross on logs ; at other times she rode on horseback, with a little sister in her lap and another on behind.

Daniel Poe taught school in "the old log cabin," on the Rankin place, in 1810. The following persons are remembered as a part of "the class of 1820" : Noah Tanner, James D. Walpole, Luke Walpole, and Mary Walpole.

The Lamb School House, a neat and substantial structure, was built near where the Crook's School House stood, and so named in honor of its principal patron. This institution of learning, in turn, gave way for the Walpole School House, on the old Athens road, about four miles east of Roseville. Contemporary with this school, was that on " the Maysville Pike," about one mile west of Newtonville, taught by George Spencer, deceased. Jonathan Hatcher, Jonas Burton, and Mrs. Eliza Rankin, attended this school.

The first common school was opened in Uniontown, in 1848, and flourished until 1852, and was under the supervision of the Rev. William M. Ferguson, President of the School Board. The schools prior to this date, were known as subscription schools. With the inauguration of the free, or common school system, pay schools disappeared almost entirely. For our account of the common schools, the reader is referred to the annual report of the Superintendent of common schools of Muskingum County.

Kent's Run was named by him. What becaine of him, is not now known ; it is presumed he did not follow his profession, as Dr. Mathews, oi Putnam, generally practiced here.

Election Day. - The first regular election, in Newton Township, was held at the house of William Fellows, west of Newtonville, in the designation of to-day. William Lawrence was the acting constable, and Jacob Crooks became the first Justice of the Peace. No record of these events has been found in the records in Zanesville, or in the township. Tradition further says, Isaac Carter was a Justice of the Peace in an early day, and William Anderson was elected a Justice of the Peace in 1823, and continued to serve in that capacity, about twenty years. _

The township was organized, in the spring of 1802. Benjamin Redman, John Beckwith and Andrew Crooks were the first township Trustees, and Isaac Carter was the first clerk.

The first election after organization, was held in the house of Alexander Nolan, situated southeast of the site since occupied by Newtonville. Alexander Nolan was the first Justice of the Peace, and William McElree the first constable.

There is no record of the organization of this township, or of the election, spoken of here, to be found in the County Commissioner's Journal. The earliest record of any kind by that body, was dated March 2d, 1807.

The First Tavern. - The public spirit of Andrew Crooks, induced him to extend his hospitality to the wayfarer, and his house became known as " Crook's Tavern," as early as 1804. Six men and two women were present at " the raising" of this house, viz.: Henry Crooks, David Olive, Joseph Carpenter, Isaac Martin. Solomon Hodge, John Mathias, Peggy Carpenter and Marj' Ci'ooks. The accomodations of " the tavern," were plain and substantial. The floor furnished the bedstead, and wild beasts their skins for covering. The food was always palatable and plenty. A traveler who sojourned with Mr. Crooks, was so favorably impressed, that he resohed to make his home at a neighborly distance, and thus the name of Chauncey Ford was added to the list of pioneers; he located near Roseville, in 1804 ; his daughter-inlaw, Mrs. J. I. Ford, informs the writer that there were no houses between there and Putnam, and that George Crooks cut a road from Powell's Mill to where he lived. Mr. Crooks continued to keep this tavern for nearly half a century ; he died in 1849, aged seventy-one.

The first road was I'cut in 1805, from Putnam to intersect the Zane Trace in Perry County, and passed through the township diagonally from the northeast corner to the southwest corner, or nearly so. George M. Crooks remembers that

Dr. Increase Mathews laid out the road from Putnam to the bridge over Jonathan's creek, and that his father cut the road from Putnam to Perry county ; that the Indians used the Zane trail, which is a little south of this ; that the majority of the red skins had gone in 1800, taking the direction of Sandusky, and that those remaining, were Shawanese, and presumed they all were. And that the Indians were friendly. If any of the "pale faces" were sick, the red man would go into the -woods and gather herbs and roots for medicine for them, and always took a portion themselves before giving any to their white neighbor, to show that it was not poisonous. Nor did they stop here, for they shared their game with the whites. Andrew Crooks was a hunter, and had hunters hired, and this, perhaps, had its influence, as it is common for men who follow the chase, to fraternize in this way. George Crooks remembers that game was so abundant that wild turkeys were killed with stones, it being deemed a waste of ammunition to shoot them.

When Andrew Crooks came to Zanesville, there was but one house at Cambridge and one near Lancaster, and they were the homes of his nearest neighbors. His daughter, Nancy Crooks, was the first white girl that came to Zanesville. He remembers that his uncle Henry had his wife with him, and that they had no children. And when his mother came to Newton township, she had not seen the face of a white woman for nine months. And that his parents came to this region on horseback, camping at night, and turning their horses loose after belling them. His uncle Henry went west, while Jacob was sheriff, (1808-12). He remembers that William McCul'lock, who married the halfbreed daughter of Isaac Zane, was killed during the war of 1812, "out west." And that there were no settlers here when Andrew Crooks came to Newton, ie., those who were here did not mean to stay, and called themselves squatters. Joseph Carpenter and Mathew Gillespie were of this class, and they moved off as the country settled. George M. Crooks was born May 9th, 1795, and was three years old when his parents arrived at Zanesville." Lewis Nye built the first hewed log house in this section, about 1809, on ground now a part of Newtonville. He cleared the first field and planted corn on section nine, in 1804, now the G. W. Rankin estate. Mrs. Eliza Rankin, consort of G. W. Rankin, deceased, whose maiden name was Nye, says her father and David Olive bought the half section that Jennings had entered, but could not pay for in the time allotted by the Government. David Ohve died from the bite of a rattlesnake, the same year, (1804), and he had a coffin, a very unusual thing in this region in those days ; people being buried, nearly always, in elm bark, lined with grass, and the ends stuffed with moss. This was the case with a man named Davis, and another, and a woman named Palmer, and three children, who came over the Falls in a canoe and were drowned, and were buried in elm bark slips.

The first grist and saw mill in this region was probably built by Moses Plummer, and was situated on Jonathan's creek, near the site more recently occupied by Crook's bridge, about one mile east of the site now Union Town. During 1807, James Jeffries had a mill, perhaps on the site now occupied by the C. & M. V. Railway station. A third mill was built about the same place m 1808, by Isaac and Caleb Jones. In 181 2, the Crook's Mill was built, and the first Post Office in the township was kept there by Jacob Crooks, the proprietor. In 1818, Jacob Smith employed John Herrington to put up a saw mill for him, on the site occupied by the Jeffries mill. This mill was leased to John Smith, in 1826, and it, too, was burned. Moses, Caleb, and Isaac Jones built a mill on the creek where Powell lives, about the year 1840.

During 1812, Jacob Funk, the blacksmith, opened his shop on a part of the site that became the nucleus of Union Town. He was a skilled workman, and made swords for the soldiery of "the war of 1812 ;" also made dies for printing scrip, a kind of money in common use in those days, and corresponding to the "shin-plasters" of later times. During this year also, another son of Vulcan set up his anvil in the new settlement, and Jacob Funk had a rival in William Bash. These worthies rang out their anvils in chorus, early and late, and forged for the denizens of the distant forests, as well as the villages. Thomas Brown started his fire in 1838. Gabriel Keys, a pioneer blacksmith in Newtonville, is regarded a good workman, in spite of his weight of years.

The whiskey mills were an institution second only in importance to the flour mill, in the estimation of "ye pioneer." John Leonard and Anthony Mauk are said to have been the first in this region to engage in the manufacture of whiskey. Jacob Crooks had a "distillery" near Union Town in 1815 ; J. M. Adams was his "First Lieutenant." John Watermire had a "worm " on his place about the same time.

There is no account of any revenue derived fi-om this business, and it is probable they paid no tax. On dit, that whiskey was purer and cheaper then than now.

The First Tannery

Hendricks established his tanyard on Jonathan's creek, near Uniontown, "in an early day." His son, Thomas A.,' became Governor of Indiana.

In this, as in every abode of men, there were shadows, as well as sunshine ; and it seems trite to say more than that there never was an Eden "old Time" did not enter with his scythe, even among the fairest flowers, and so it came to pass that the necessity was felt that a regular cemetery be set apart. It was located on Benjamin Croy's place, on Buckeye.

The First Births

Porter & Hook opened a store near Crook's bridge, in 18 13 or 18 14. G. W. Rankin started a store, on the Rankin place, in 1838. This was the first store in Newton villa.

The first salt well was boi-ed by Mr. S. Lenhart, in 1815, a little south of. the site now occupied by Uniontown, and demonstrated that salt could not be made there in paying quantities.

Uniontown was laid out by John Porter and Henry Hummell, in 1815. The first store, and tavern, were kept by John Porter. Several houses had been built on the site, before the village was laid out.

Uniontown Directory, 1 88 1

"The subscriber informs the public that his clothiers' works are in operation, on Jonathan's creek, being the works formerly owned by Jolin Harrington, and now by John Slack - about four miles from Zanesville.

"He will receive cloth at the houses of Andrew Crooks, Jacob Crooks, David Tipton, Levi Chapman, and at my house, in Putnam, to which places the cloth will be returned, when dressed ; having such a stock of dye-stuff, and workmen who so well understand the business, as to be able to form every color desired.

Newtonville is situated near the site of the old log school-house. The limits have since been extended so as to take that site in, and it is now occupied by a neat, frame, school building.

The first store kept in this town, was by A. Weller & Co., about 1852. This site is now occupied by the general store, and postoflice, kept by Andrew Wilson Dugan, who, for the last ten years, has met the wants of the community, in merchandise, and, as Postmaster, has become so favorably known.

Mr. A. Keyes, the venerable blacksmith, came here and built his fire, some thirty years ago, and is now assisted by his son, who is also Township Clerk.

J. C. Gillespie, a native of this township, has lived about sixty years amid the scenes of his childhood, esteemed by all who know him. James Llewellyn, his cotemporary, shares the confidence of the people with him.

William Rankin and his wife, Mary Elizabeth, parents of George Rankin, of Newtonville, came from Ireland, and settled near the town of later period, in 1820. That they were lured to come by the glowing descriptions of their American Paradise, is not improbable, as perhaps no region in Southeastern Ohio was more beautiful ; and to this he added the enthusiastic admiration for American freedom which thrills, especially, those who have once known the absence of it in their natal home. But it is more likely that their affection for their children, whom they followed to this country, dominated every other sentiment. And this whole-heartedness soon made him popular in his new home, where, in 1830, he was elected Justice of the Peace, and filled that office several terms. He died in 1848, at the advanced age of eighty. His widow and sons, Grafton and Charles, moved to Barnesville, where she died.

Pottery

The pottery of Joseph Rambo is situated in the extreme northwest corner of Newton township, near Gratiot road, and was built in 1863, at an expense of about four hundred dollars, including the shop and kiln. Mr. Rambo has had to employ an average of three hands, including himself. The average number of gallons of pottery made, per year, has been about forty thousand, worth, in the market, from three and one-half to eight cents per gallon. The kinds of ware made consist of jugs, jars, pans, and churns, and they are remarkable for durability, neatness of pattern, and finish.

Goshen Methodist Episcopal Church

The Goshen Methodist Episcopal Church was organized in 1830, by Rev. John Goshen, assisted by Rev. Morris Chandler. Among the members were Amos Reese, Nehemiah Bell, John Hoover, L. Adamson, B. Dezelem, John Rose, Jacob Mauk, Edward Rose, Jonas Burton, Mrs. Vicars, Mrs. Lydia Stokely, and Susan Warner.

The society erected a hewed log house of woi-- ship in 1835, thirty-five by forty feet, on Mt. Goshen, five miles east of Roseville, on the Athens road.

From the date of organization up to the time of the formation of " The Bell Church" on Brush Creek, in 1848, and the church at Roseville in 1846, the Goshen Church prospered, but soon after these subtractions it began to wane, and in 1852 the conference decided to disband the society, and it was merged into other churches.

The Methodist Episcopal Chuixh of Uniontown was organized about 1830, by the Rev's. Samuel Hamilton and James Gilruth. Among the members at this time were Henry Roberts, Isaiah Gardner, John Bowers, Jonathan Hatcher, Judge John McElhaney, and their families.

They worshiped from house to house, and in school houses, until 1840, when they erected a commodious frame sti'ucture - rather hastily - just after a camp meeting, which stood until another more substantial and suitable was built, in 1875 ; and recently they have built a new church, with a cupola and bell.

Rev's. I. Longman and M. V. B. Bing were associate pastors in 1848, and Rev. James Jamison the Presiding Elder. The present preacher in charge is Rev.B. F. Thomas. The membership is about eighty. There has always been a Sunday School connected with the church.

The first cemetery in Uniontown was formally set apart for the pui-pose in 1830 ; and the first person buried there was Thomas Hardy, May 19' 1835. _

Andrew Dugan started his tannery m 1835, and is still in the business. And during this year Caleb Hitchcock started his store ; it was where John Ungemach lives.

Stofel Lenhart started a saw mill, a little southwest of Newtonville, in 1835. 'The mill was owned by Alfred Mathews in i860 ; he then sold it, moved to Putnam and died, the same year.

The Uniontown Baptist Church was organized July 2, 1842, by Rev. Levi Sigfred. The Deacons elected at that time were Benjamin Moore and William Moore. The membership numbered eighteen. The trustees were Ezra Madden, E. B. Lake and Benjamin Moore. Rev. W. Daniels is the present pastor, and Ezra Madden and K. W. Moore are the Deacons. The present number of communicants is about fifty. They have a neat frame church, thirty-five by forty-five, thirteen feet high, with cupola fifty feet high, from the ground, and a good bell. The* trustees are at present E. B. Lake, Emmanuel Bough and W. Moore.

The Presbyterian Church of Uniontown was organized, by Rev. H. C. McBride, November 28, 1848, with about twenty-eight members. Samuel Milhouse and John Reed were chosen Ruling Elders, and John Smoch was elected Deacon. Rev. H. C. McBride solicited and obtained about six hundred dollai-s, (traversing parts of six counties), to purchase a lot and erect a church in Uniontown, which was accomplished within a year from the date of organization. About this time. Rev. Wm. Ferguson came to the church, and a neat little house of worship (35x45) was erected under his superintendence. Rev. M. A. Beamer is the present Pastor. Wm. Carter and J. Wilkins are the Elders, and D. Hugins and James Slach are the Deacons. The membership numbers forty seven.

This township was united with the world at large, by the advent of the Cincinnati and Muskingum Valley Railroad, which, passing through, opened its station in 1853, and with "the rest of mankind," the following year, by telegraph, introduced by that company.

The Dunkards built a church on Mount Goshen, four miles east of Roseville, in i860. John Roberts was a zealous member of that denomination, and preached at his own house a long time before the church was built. Elijah Horn, John Stoneburner, old Mrs. Horn, John Roberts and wife, and Manley Roberts, were among the early members.

The Dunkard Church was built by subscription in the community, and was to be free for all Christian Denominations, when not used by the Dunkards ; this condition was set forth in the subscription paper ; but as Mr. Roberts died before the meeting house was completed, and it was finished by Elijah Horn, this provision was ignored, Mr. Horn refusing to permit other denominations to use it, and it is now a solitary monument of the existence of that peculiar people.

The Methodist Protestant Church was organized in 1865, by Rev. John Burns, in the Powell School House, with the following members : Jeremiah Springer and wife, Josephus Powell and wife, Mrs. Mary Hall, Charlotte Hall, and others whose names are not remembered at this time, and as no record was made of the event we are constrained to this meagerness, for want of sufficient witnessing in other details. The society erected a neat frame house of worship, thirtyfive by forty-five feet, having a cupola with bell in it ; the church was located in the beautiful grove near Powell's mill, on the Roseville road.

The number of Past Grands in attendance is twenty-five, viz : John Watkins, E. Van Atta, J. Smitley, J. Zeigler, A. E. Henderson, Josephus Powell, Edmund Rudolph, John Dollins, Joseph Llewellyn, J. H. Crooks, James Barnet, Isaac Barnet, O. H. Norman, H. C. McLain, J. H. Beachem, W. Curry, Washington Day, G. W. McLain, F. M. Frederick, S. B. AxHne, G. A. Hays, Frank Stires, D. J. Johnson, R. B. Jones, W. J. Roberts. The membership now numbers 85.

Muskingum Lodge, No. 368, F. And A. M.

The organization is under many obligations to S. Stacker Williams, of Newark, Ohio, whom it looks to as the father of the institution. The membership now numbers forty-five.

Fultonham Academy

This school originated in 1870, under the Special School District Board ; Dr. E. Van Atta, Dr. O. M. Norman and Jeremiah Zfeigler, Esq. ; with A. W. Search, teacher in the Public School.

The building is of brick, two stories and a basement, 40x60 feet, and has one acre of ground in the enclosure. The total cost was $10,000. The outlay for apparatus, $500 ; for library, $750.

Teachers. - The Academy will be under the immediate charge of the Principal, Prof. D. W. Parks, a graduate of the Classical Course of Ohio University, late Principal of Madison Academy, formerly Principal of Fostoria Normal School, and such assistant teachers as may be necessary to meet the wants of the Academy.

Location. - The institution is located at Fultonham, now known as Uniontown, Muskingum county, Ohio, on the Zanesville and Maysville Pike, nine miles southwest of Zanesville. Daily mail and hack connect Fultonham with Zanesville and Somerset, from which points any part of the State may be easily reached by rail. Roseville Station, on the C. & M. V. Railway, is within five miles. The institution is thus of easy access, and at the same time free from the influences usually surrounding railroad towns.

"At Gladstone's Mill, near Newtonville, we find a limestone in the bed of the North Fork of Jonathan's creek, which is believed to be the same as the Maxville limestone. The bottom of the stone was not seen, but a well dug in the villiige passed through fifteen feet of limestone. The upper layer shows a chocolate tint. It is reported that this limestone is seen for five miles, in Jonathan's creek, above Newtonville, and disappears one mile below. On Kent's run, w^hich joins the North Fork of Jonathan's creek at Newtonville, it is said to be seen for nine miles. About fifty feet above the limestone at Gladstone's Mill, was found a stratum of sandstone fifteen inches thick, on which are very fine impressions of marine plants, Spirophyton Caudigalli, etc., etc., and mingled with "these were well defined stigmarice of the coal measures plants. They had beeri a,ll drifted, together and embedded in sand.

"A section of the rocks, near Cusac's Mill, on Jonathan's creek, showed an unusually bluish, and fine grained sandstone, about thirty feet below the limestone, believed to be the Putnam Hill limestone. It has been much quarried and used, although it has not always weathered well. As a general thing, the shales largely prevailed, and it is in consequence of this fact that we so often find that where the streams have, in their work of erosion, succeeded in cutting down through the Putnam Hill limestone, they have, in all cases where the fall makes it possible, scored their way through the shales to the top of the Maxville, or Newtonville limestone. This is very well seen in the neighborhood of Newtonville. On John Lyle's land, section fourteen, the lower seam, three feet ten inches thick, is extensively mined. There is a layer of nodular iron ore a few feet below the upper coal, which we will notice hereafter. The iron ores, so far as they have been examined, are of the siderite (proto carbonate of iron) class, the exterior surfaces which have been exposed to atmospheric agencies only being changed to the sesqui oxide of iron.

" The carbonic acid might, in some cases, have originated in marine vegetation, which, in the form of facoids, of the type of sfirofhyton Cauda galli, was abundant at certain periods during the formation of this lower coal measure group. There is a tendency to the formation of flint, in connection with the layers of iron ore, found about thirty feet below the Putnam Hill limestone. This stratum is far below the flint, or buhr, of Flint Ridge.

"At the mines of the Miami Company, the upper seam measures four feet, and the other, which is twenty-two feet below, measures three feet ten inches. The coal is largely used.

Iron Ores

"It is almost impossible to make a section of the lower strata of the productive coal measures, at any place, in the field included in this report, without disclosing more or less iron ore. There are a few distinct and well defined horizons in which the ore is almost always seen. On the top of the Maxville limestone, iron ore was seen at several points. On section fourteen, on the farm of Joseph Rambo, nodules of iron ore were found resting upon the great Maxville, or Newtonville, limestone. No analysis was made of this, but probably it is an excellent ore.

"At nearly the same geological horizon, on the land of Mr. Rambo, are two small layers of siderite ore, separated by one foot seven inches of light blue clay-shale, the lower two inches, and the upper three or four inches thick.

"On the land of John Lyle, section fourteen, a layer of nodules of iron ore, three inches thick, was found, resting upon a stratum of calcareous feriferous flint, which, in turn, rests upon, or rather, is cemented to a seam, fifteen inches thick, of blue limestone, under which are three inches of coal. The surface of the flint stratum is covered with impressions of the marine plant, s-piro-phy ton Cauda gain. , allied species. Fifteen feet above is a thin layer of sandstone, with the same vegetable impressions upon it."

In the Report for 1873, by E. B. Andrews, Assistant Geologist in charge of the survey for the Second District, which embraces Muskingum county, reference is made to the Report for 1869, and the following is added :

"The limestone in the bed of Jonathan's creek, the equivalent of the Maxville limestone, and the best representative in the State ot the lower carboniferous limestone of Illinois and Missouri, is a deposit of very great scientific interest. This formation extends several miles above Newtonville, on all the leading branches of the creek. In places, the upper layers are buff" colored, and an analysis of the sample taken near J. Roberts', section fourteen, showed the presence of considerable magnesia. I copy the analysis, by Prof. Wormley, from former Report :

"Probably the whiter and purer portions ot the stone contain little else than carbonate of lime. Experiments should be tried with the buff" stone, to determine the value of its lime for hydraulic purposes.

"The fossiliferous limestone, eighty feet above the limestone in the bed of the creek, is not the Putnam Hill limestone ; the latter is sevent5^-two feet higher. Sixty-three feet above this is the lower New Lexington coal, mined at the Miami Company's mines, in section twenty-eight. The upper New Lexington seam, the equivalent of the Straitsville, or Nelsonville seam, is also mined at the same mines. The seams are twenty-two feet apart. The lower one is three feet ten inches thick, and the upper one four feet. The coal is generally of excellent quality. I have no doubt that there are in this township workable seams of good iron ore. Such ores are found north and east, and will be found here, when careful search is made."

Protestant Church Blue Rock M.E. Church

be certainly stated, but in 1798, a family named Bean, inhabited a large sycamore tree, that stood near the mouth of Back run. Other families came soon after, among whom were the Larrisons, Farleys, and Cobbs. These were followed by Nathaniel Ayers, Samuel McBride, James Hemmet, Henry Ballou, James Neff, and Thomas Winn. In 1804, George Dutro lived on section seventeen ; Jacob Baker came about this time. John W. Bseer was probably the first blacksmith in this township. William B. Rose had a shop on Duncan's run, in 1827, and afterwards on "the island," where he smithed for James Taylor during the erection of the mills. He was killed during the fall of 1835, by Robert Annan. James Curran lived in a small frame house situated on what is now lot twenty-five, square twenty-nine, Taylorsville, and kept tavern in 1830. The first store in Harrison township was kept by Gearing Scarveil, who commenced in a small way, about 1833, and gradually increased until he was the owner of a fine store, and is still doing business in Taylorsville. The first regular cemetery was established in Taylorsville in 1833.

Prior to the adoption of the common school law in Ohio, schools were taught in private houses, or in houses erected by a neighborhood for their individual advantage, shared, by agreement, by their neighbors, who shared the expense, The first public school-house, of which any authentic account is preserved, was a.two-story frame, erected on the public square, in Taylorsville, in 1834. The teacher was Robert Sheppard.

The first physician was one Bixby, who was succeeded by "a regular," in the person of Dr. Noah Z. Mercer. After Mercer, came Drs. Mason, Clapp, Ballou, Wilkins, Huff, McCormick, Terran, Atwell, Howard, Groves, Suters, Milligan, Blackburn, Lyons, Ulrich, Henry, Dorr, Richie, and Evans.

The first frame house was erected by James Taylor, in 1830 ; the first brick house by Amos F. Whissen, in Taylorsville, in 1836. The first regular survey of a road was made from Taylorsville to Brush creek. The viewers were, David Butt, John Oakes, and Gearing Scarvell. James Ta}'lor built a dam across the Muskingum river, at Duncan's Falls, and a saw mill on the west side of the river, in 1829. The next year he built a grist mil! at tlu' same place. Tlie dam was replaced by Colonel James Sliarp, under a contract with the Stale, in 1837-38, (at the time the navigation of the Muskingimi n\cr was improved). The grist mill, after passing through several hands, and being moved nearer the shore, became the properl}- of Messrs. W. & W. H. Frazier. It contains four run of buhrs, and is doing a fair business. Mr.Taj'lor also kept a ferry, and engaged in the manufacture of salt, and a number of other enterprises.

Topographically, Harrison township is broken and rough. Tiie highest elevations contain most of the limestone. The lowlands are deemed as productive as an}- lands similarly situated ; some of the finest farms in the county are found here. The township is well watered. Sycamore run, Duncan's run, Back run, and Blue Rock run, all of which rise in Brush Creek township, flow eastwardly through Harrison township, and empty into the Muskingum river. Coal is tolerably abundant, but mined with difficulty, on account of "hoi-sebacks" and "shut-outs" occurring in the seams, and which are sometimes very difficult to pass through or around, and then there is no certainty of finding coal beyond them.

At the point where the section was made, the Alexander coal was unusuall}- thin. It is reported to be thicker on the east side of the Muskingum river.

The lower Alexander coal has been extensively mined at this point, and shipped on the Muskin^ gum ri\er to supply the demand of the salt furnaces, and the towns on the river below. It was at this point that the roof of an entry fell in, imprisoning four miners, who were rescued alive after an imprisonment of over thirteen days, during which time they had nothing to eat, except the dinner carried in for the first day. - [Geological Report, 1873 ; Volume I, page 332-3. E. B. Andrews.]

In the 3 ear 1816, Jacob and Nathaniel Ayers bored the first well for salt ; it was located on Section 10, Town 11, and Range 13, on the west bank of the river, just above the mouth of Sycamore Run, and was sunk to a depth of four hundred and eighty-two feet. Subsequently an- other well was sunk about four hundred feet distant,and the two wells supplied the furnace ; i.e., the evaporating works ; but owing to the primitive style of the machinery employed, were not very productive.

In the course of time, these wells became the property of John Stevens, and were known as the "Stevens Salt Works." The success of these works, however, is due to Jacob NefF, who re-bored the old well to a depth of five hundred and three feet, improved the machinery, and rebuilt the furnace.

Stephen Guthrie's Salt Works - The wells at these works are respectively four hundred^nd eighty-eight, and four hundred and tiinety-five feet deep, and are situated just below the mouth of Sycamore Run.

The works are now operated by William Edgely, and produce about one hundred barrels of salt per week, with a.consumption of one thousand bushels of coal.

Other Wells - About the year 1830, Michael Waxier bored a well for Moses Ayers, on the northwest quarter of Section 8, now owned by Henry Krigbaum. This well was sunk five hundred feet deep, and was operated by Mr. Ayers for a few years, and then, abandoned.

About the same time, Nehemiah Dillon sunk a well on Section 32, near where Samuel Swingle now lives, to a depth of four hundred and fifty feet. This was called a "blowing" well, from its periodical emissions of water and gas. How long it was operated is not now known. There was also a well just below the last mentioned, called the "west well."

United Brethren Church

The first evangelist of this denomination, was Rev. John Russell, who preached to "a handful of the saints," in the humble dwelling of Jacob Baker. He organized a class at this time, but we are unable to give the name's of those who there assembled, and cannot say, with certainty, what year thdy met, but tradition asserts that it was about the year 1820. The seed sown must have fallen on good ground, for the same authority declares that, about the year 1822, the years, in the same house ; and in 1825, this house was deemed too small, and they moved to the Duncan school-house, and were ministered to by "old Father Hastings" for two years. In 1836, they were served by Elder Case and others, until, in 1852, they bmlt a hewed log house, on the premises of Robert Prescott. This house was built during the administration of Rev. David Shrader, and its dimensions were twenty-five by thirty feet. The Trustees were : Shrader, Whitaker, Stockdale, and Levi Marcellus.