Hanover Township (part 1 of 3)

Detroit, Mich

To all those who have ever lived and whose memories carry them back to kindred ties and friendly associations in Hanover and surrounding community is this little volume dedicated.

Street Scene In Hanover

From a sense of love and admiration for the little old home town and the perpetuation of its history, has this book been compiled and written.

The aim has been to make it something of interest, not only to the present but to generations yet to come; something of value as the curtain is drawn back from the scroll of bygone years; something worthy a place among the mementoes of an historic past.

Would that the lids of the volume could open upon a photo gallery of all who have played a part in its life's story as well as a pen picture of all that has entered into the scenes in the ever shifting drama, the achievements, the failures, the aspirations, the hopes.

To those who have in any way contributed to the work, either in well wishes or deed, we cherish the most kindly regard. Special credit is due J. W. Voglesong, W. A. McCrea and John

The Author Early Hisfory

Prior to the year 1800 there is no record that the foot of the white man had ever been set upon the soil of what is now Hanover township. The red man or Indian was lord over all and took fish from its streams and lakelets, game from the wide expanse of forest and made the plantings, if any. in its virgin soil.

Columbiana county was organized from parts of Jefferson and Washington counties in 1803, the measure for its enactment being brought before the state legislature on March 10 and on March 25, 1803, receiving legislative approval. Only a few years previous had the tide and progress of settlement reached its territory, the first white settler being said to have erected his cabin near Calcutta in 1797. The tide of emigration was however marked and the sound of the nioneer's ax and the crash of the tree of the forest as it fell was beginning to be heard, a settlement having been made at what was later Salem in 1801 and at Lisbon in 1802.

Not until 1804 and 1805 did the fires of the pioneer fathers of Hanover township begin to glow and the smoke first curl to the breeze above their cabin homes. Harly settlers were for the most part from Virginia and Pennsylvania, the first being David and John Sinclair and Frederick Bayard. these entering the northeast quarter of section 20, laying north of the present site of Hanover village, a log cabin 14 by 16 feet built by the Sinclairs being the first building within the town ship borders. Joseph Milner entered land upon which the village of Hanover is located. Other to come to this particular portion of the township were Enos Ellis and John James. James Craig was another to come following Milner and James. Other pioneers who came during the period from 1805 to 1810 were Joseph Rhodes, Stephen Mc- Bride, Samuel Reeder, Robert Raley, Andrew Melbourne, Philip Fox, William Winder and Charles Pettit. Of these pioneers Bayard was reearded as a great hunter and marksman. Raley was also a hunter of note. a hunting expedition having first brought him to the settlement from his Pennsylvania home. Chas. Pettit was a skilled mechanic and brought with him the first set of joiners tools to the settlement. That all were men of brawn and character, is readily noted by the way in which they builded.

During the winter of 1806 upon ground now occupied by the village of Hanover was a large encampment of Indians, they having came north from the Tuscarawas trail, this passing two miles to the south at No. 1 school house in what is now Carroll county. The loes cation of the camp was upon the lands now the lot owned by Walter Schooley and others adjoining, many darts and other relics of the day of the red man having been found there in later years. The Indians spent the winter in the pursuit of game and while there were fears as to depredations and safety, no one was molested, the tribe breaking camp in the spring and going, no one ever knew where.

In 1812 the settlement became alarmed over a report that Indians were coming, killing and scalping men, women and children, and many fied. Frederick Bayard, Robert Raley and wife and another settler remained behind. The report proved a mistaken one and in two or three days the fugitive settlers began to return, much the worse for the experience, their clothing mud-stained and torn because of the rainy and muddy weather prevailing. Bayard and Raley and their neighbor had gone on with the work while Mrs. Raley cared for the deserted cows, making cheese from the product having two or three cheeses nicely stored away by the time all got back. This alarm came at a time following Gen Hull's surrender to the British army and Indians had been incited to hostile acts. This was the last occasion of any alarm as to Indian depredations in the township or section.

Hanover township was organized June 3, 1806 and retains its territory today of six miles square as originally arranged. As to the population at that time nothing is known. ,Some idea as to the number of residents within the border in the early day may be had by the records of an election held for a justice of the peace in 1816. At this time the voters registered were as follows: Hnos Ellis, David Johnson, Henry Fox, John Edwards, Robert Raley, Joseph Raley. Samuel Sinclair, John Sinclair, Philip Fox, Richard Taylor, Thomas Bell, Michael Shane, George Tomlin, Absalom Craig, William Brown, Jr., Peter Lindesmith, John Lindesmith, William Reeder, Samuel Reeder, Andrew Combs, Robert Burton, Samuel Craig, John Ryan, Henry Schoo- Jey. Thomas Griswold, Price Keith, James Keith, Thomas Metealf, Richard Schooley, Joshua Willaman, John Heston, Jacob Melbourne, William Winder, David Myers, Benjamin Stackhouse, Thomas Vonsen, Simon Rish, Andrew Rish. Joseph Rish, John Rish, James Miller, David Fhrhart, Martin Snyder, William Ware, Owen Stackhouse, Thomas Robinson, Aaron Mendenhall, George Brown, John Brown, David Sinclair, Jacob Wilson, Benjamin Townsend, Lewis Holliday, Frederick Bayard, Samuel Melbourne, Robert Combs, Samuel Holland, Abner John, Isaac Craig, William Brown, Andrew Melbourne, Jehu Brown and George Sinclair. The candidates for the office were David Johnson and Thomas Griswold, the former being elected by a majority of five votes.

Leing apparent that the lands, the early home of the fathess, is still that, in numerous instances, of their posterity even unto this generation.

In 1807, the tax levy for the township was $66.37. In 1912, the valuation of the property of the township for taxable purposes was $1,351,266. The population of the township as shown by the census of 1910 was 1854. The height of the population of the township was reached in 1840 and 1850, since which with the tide of emigration toward the larger cities the figures have shown decline. The census enumerators for 1910 were Charles Diville and David Kunkle.

Village Of Hanover

In May 1813. the village of Hanover was platted by James Craig, he having purchased 24 acres of land, the site of the town from Joseph Milner. It was laid out with the main street running north and south, being that today of the Hanover-Salem road, and noted on the village plat as Plymouth street. Four log houses were the village's first edifices, the first to be erected, being on ground now occupied by the residence oi Mrs. Floretta Sloan. It was an humble beginning, a sight picturesque indeed as one photographs the scene in his mind's vision, Other buildings quickly followed, enterprise was marked and new life and spirit was given the settlement. The name Hanover as given the village and township was in honor and memory of Hanover, Pa., from whence numerous of the pioneer settlers came.

Following the founding of the village James Craig and others formed a company store, giving it the name of the Manufacturing end Mercantile Company of Sandy, Craig being chosen manager. This store was near the site of the first erected residence. Craig also erected a sawmill and grist mill, these being close to the location now of the Christian church. Unfortunately the company store was not successful and failed. Chas. Pope then conducted a store for a short time, this being brought to a close by the suicide of the proprieter, no reason for his so doing ever becoming known. George Sloan and David Arter were the succeeding merchants, both of whom were prosperous and successful.

The village became more and more substantial as time passed, the frame and brick building taking precedence. The first brick house was a part of that now occupied by Walter Schooley, additions having since been made. It was built by Owen and William Williams. In 1835, one of these brothers died, the residence then being sold, the pur- chaser being Dr. James Robertson and the price paid, $3,000. In 1839 the brick house, the home of the late William Lawson, was built. The brick house occupied by Grace Nicholas was an early erected home of the village. The brick used in this building were bought from David Miller who lived in the northwest part of the township, and were burned on the Miller farm. They were hauled to the building site by farmers during the winter on sleds, the price paid for the hauling being 12% cents a hundred.

In the early day mercantile goods had to be brought by wagon from Philadelphia and Baltimore and products of moment from the community found market there. Five and six weeks were required by wagoners, as teamsters in that day were called to make the trip {ec Baltimore or Phiiadelphia and return with supplies. There was always rejoicing at the return of the wagoners and the experiences of the journeys and their successes were ever topics for discussion and conversation.

Hanover was ever an agricultural section and in the early day the growing of pork was one of its chief industries. An old two story log structure yet standing on the Floretta Sloan property was once a smoke house, a place for the curing of meats, and hundreds of tons of bacon, shoulders and ham were made ready for market therein, being hauled overland in wagons to Philadelphia and Baltimore.

Fortune in the early years gave much of future promise to Hanever and numerous men of enterprise, talent and worth, prominent in the after years were attracted to the town, among these being the Arters and Lockards, Sloans, McCreas and numerous others. In 1832 with canal prospects ahead greater days were in view. In 1834, Michael Arter, George Brown and Howard Potter, purchased land and platted an addition to the village, this addition now being the business section of the town. In 1834, the village had four hotels, taverns so called in that day, all noted hostelries of the time. In 1836 the village had seven general stores and two additional grocery enterprises. The proprietors of these were George Sloan, David Arter, Eli Davidson, James MeQuilkin, John Endly, Theodore Armstrong, Theodore Stratton, and two others the names not now recalled. It's mills, tanneries, wagonmakers, blacksmiths, ete., gave the village a tone of lively and prosperous activity.

March 12, 1836, the village was incorporated, it then being the fourth town in the county in rank of population and enterprise, the three above in regular order being Lisbon, Salem and Wellsville. During the period of canal construction and operation, 1844-1854, it rose tq second rank as a town in county importance, the population within its corporate limits being about 1200 and at one time counting those in contingent territory the number was swelled to 2000. From the town east to the tunnel approach was one phalanx of homes, these of canal workmen. Since that day there has been gradual decline, the trend of population as with all rural villages being toward the larger industrial marts upon which with the flight of years, fortune seemed to smile more favorably. In the census of 1910, Hanover had a population of 317.

Officials Of Hanover

1892 - Mayor, Samuel J. Hole; clerk, Lawrence F. Ling; councilmen, Edwin Dutton, Samuel Jackson, Galen A. Sheets, T. C. Melbourne, Alonzo Sinclair, Joseph HE. Crubaugh.

1908 - Mayor, A. V. Johnson; clerk, A. E. Swearingen; councilmen, Henry C. Dutton, Silas W. Andre, Walter S. Schooley, S. C. Hoopes, C. H. Swearingen, A. E. Melbourne

1909 - Mayor, A. V. Johnson; clerk, A. E. Swearingen; councilmen, Silas W. Andre, Walter S. Schooley, Henry C. Dutton, C. H. Swearingen, S. C. Hoopes, A. E. Melbourne.

1910 - Mayor, A. V. Johnson; clerk, Walter S. Schooley; councilmen, Silas W. Andre, S. C. Hoopes, Henry C. Dutton, A. E. Melbourne, C. H. Swearingen, A. T. Kintner.

1911 - Mayor, A. V. Johnson; clerk, Walter S. Schooley; councilmen, Silas W. Andre, C. H. Swearingen, A. EH. Melbourne, Henry C. Dutton. S. C. Hoopes, A. T. Kintner.

Industrial

Water from the streams was the source of power in the operating of mills in early years, and crude was the machinery as compared with modern time. Reservoirs were constructed for a conservation of supply, the water from these being conducted to the mill through a race, a name given to a channel excavated for the purpose. At the mill was a construction made of planks and timbers known as a forebay, with a device in the form of gate regulating the flow of water upon a large wooden wheel. often as great as 16 and 18 feet in diameter, the water turning the wheel upon its axis and propelling the machinery. When it was desired to stop the machinery the gate at the forebay was lowered shutting off the water from the wheel. Traces of these old mill reservoirs are yet in evidence. As timber was abundant, sawmills predominated, the saw being of an upright build and progress in sawing much slower than that of the mills today.

Perhaps the earliest grist or flouring mill was that erected by Samuel Brown who came with his family to Hanover in 1810, the building being of logs and located near what is known as the old Grim mill. Above it a few rods was also a sawmill. Water in the operation of the mills was procured by means of a reservoir or dam in the vale on the now Dutton farm. The mill was later rebuilt by William Schooley and in the early fifties was made a steam power mill by Samuel Fox.

Grim Mill

That known as the Grim mill was built by Burton Sinclair and Henry McCann in 1859. Burton Sinclair operated this mill for a number of years, when it became the property of David Grim. At Mr. Grim's death the mill succeeded to Isaac Grim, whose sons, Charles and William operated it until about 1908 when the boiler gave out and it was never replaced. Following the death of David Grim, but little flour was ground at this mill, the work being principally that of grinding meal and feed.

Craig Mill

At the platting of the village of Hanover in 1818, James Craig erected a sawmill and flouring mill near the present Christian church site. In 1816 Arthur Lockard with his family came from Belfast county, Ireland, to New York and in 1817 with William Kennedy and wife came over the mountains in carts and settled in Hanover, buying this mill. This mill was conducted by them for almost two deae = cades and during their ownership was equipped with buhr stones, the first mill to have this process in the grinding of flour in this section of country.

In 1839 the milling interest at this point fell to the hands of Elimelech Swearingen and George Sloan who built the frame mill on the bank of the canal as it is seen today. For water power purposes for this mill a huge reservoir with 17 foot embankment was constructed just north of where Rezin Brown now lives, traces of the embankment yet to be seen.

In March 1841, following a snowfall perhaps a foot in depth the temperature beame warmer with change to heavy and continued rain, the reservoir breaking. Much damages was done, the village being flooded, water being several feet deep in a number of homes, but fortunately no lives were lost. The reservoir was never rebuilt.

Water, however, was used as the agency of power at this mill until 1849, when steam equipment was applied, Swearingen selling his interest at that time to his partner, Sloan. At Sloan's death in 1S70, William Lawson and John Levinger became owners. Mr. Lawson later purchased his partner's interest, associating his son, Edward C. Lawson with him. William Lawson died in 1902. the son continuing as proprietor until 1905, when M. H. Ruble, the present owner took charge.

Textile Manufactures

Much of an historic interest also centers about Hanover because of its textile manufactures. In 1814 Samuel Holland with his family moved to the neighborhood from Lisbon, establishing a carding mill, this on the site of what in later years came to be known as the Kensington Woolen Mills. The mill was operated by water power and was the first mill of its kind of which there is any record in Columbiana county, though a cotton mill is said to have been started at Salem the same year. A few years later Mr. Holland added an oil mill, a goodly amount of flax then being grown. Water for power becoming deficient a tramp wheel was installed, this being propelled by oxen, five head being used for the work. A small pair of millstones for the grinding of corn and feed was also added. Mr. Holland died in 1857, when the property was purchased by William Hicklen, he building the mill edifice it being, barring a few improvement, as it stands today, he fitting it up for the manufacture of woolen goods. In 1864 Joseph Hudd bought the plant and after operating it a few years associated his sons with him and installed modern machinery for the manufacture of all kinds of woolen goods, yarns, etc. No better equipped woolen mill was to be found, it winning large trade and providing a splendid market for wool growers of the section. The trend of woolen trade to the large industrial centers of the east and the country's financial crisis in 1893 proved disastrous to the industry and woolen goods were never afterward made, the mill being dismantled. In 1896 H. O. Reeder became the owner of the property, he putting in machinery for the making of cider, apple butter and jelly, together with a mill for the grinding of feed, he still owning and operating it.

Independence Mill

One of the early mill enterprises was located near where G. F. Whitacre resides and was known as the Independence Mill. Its early proprietors were George Fries and Thomas Richards, they selling to a party from Canton. This was originally a water power mill but is said to have been the first in the section to have steam power installed.

In 1852 or 1854 this mill was purchased by Jonathan Melbourne and carding and fulling became a part of the industry. At the beginning of the civil war the mill went down, so remaining until 1865 when it was purchased by George Ickes and Milo Cain. The mill building was torn down, the timbers being taken to Hanover, where with those from a dismantled mill at Lynchburg, a new one was erected. The boiler, engine and sawmill machinery from the Independence was moved to the new mill, the carding and fulling machinery being sold to William Hicklen. These men operated the mill until 1870 when they sold to William and Jesse Sinclair. After four years William Moore became owner and he in 1880 sold to Florents Sheraw, Mr. Sheraw installing planing, mortising and tenoning machinery with large lumber yards in addition, it becoming the most modern mill work plant in the western section of county. December 17, 1895, a disastrous fire swept out the plant and lumber yard, with exception of engine and boiler, all being a total loss. Mr. Sheraw then purchased a portable mill, erecting it upon the same site, operating this until 1908 when he sold to J. F. Phillips and Walter Schooley. In 1911 the mill was sold to Robert Belat who resides at Adair, three miles northwest of Hanover, he today having the only sawmill in the township.

Ellis Mill

Another mill of the early years was located near the entrance to the now Joseph Marshall farm and was operated by Gaynor Ellis, the source of water supply for its power being springs on the Calvin Cooper farm now owned by Charles Wernet. Carding and fulling was also a part of the enterprise of the owner of this mill.

Other Mills

Austin R. Raley now lives, men employed at canal work helping -excavate the race channei, this too being a water power mill. The water wheel was a twelve foot in diameter overshot. This mill was always operated by water power. In the later years prior to dismantling, by reason of deficient water supply it often could be operated not more than a half day at a time. It ceased to be operated about 1872.

A sawmill with steam equipment was erected and put in operation northeast of the village opposite the William Bye home by Ezra and Nathan Cobourn about 1850. It went out of operation in the seventies, the building however standing as a landmark to the industry until perhaps ten years ago.

Foundry

FOUNDRY. In 1835, a foundry was built and operated in Hanover, the proprietor coming to the village from Salem. He later sold to a man named Kingsley who conducted the plant for a number of years.

Two tanneries, each doing a thriving business were industries of Hianover in the early years, being established during the thirties. Michael Arter was the proprietor of one, Jacob Endley that of the other. The Arter tannery succeeded to Mr. Arter's son A. R. Arter and was operated to about the year 1880, the decline of the industry as a country enterprise in the march of time contributing to its passing. The Jindley tannery succeeded to Jonathan Slance, later to David and Milo Cain and finally to John Levinger, he discontinuing the work some years prior to the closing of the Arter tannery.

Cooperage Industry

Making of barrels and casks, now an obsolete industry of the little towns, was for many years a flourishing business in Hanover, two shops being maintained. Alexander McKee was the last of the coopers to ply the trade in Hanover, his shop being operated until about 1870.

Butter And Cheese

About 1886 a creamery company was organized among dairymen about Hanover and a fine building erected and equipped for the manufacture of dairy products on the Joseph Marshall farm. The work was conducted for about eight years when a season of low prices for its products caused the business to wane and be discontinued. The building is yet standing. For three years a Swiss cheese factory was at one period conducted on the Chas. Wernet farm near the village this also in the latter eighties and early nineties. In contingent territory of the township dairying interests have been manifest the Swiss cheese industry for many years being and is still carried on at Adair while a creamery was operated for some years at Dungannon.

One mile west of Hanover on a little plat of ground upon an eminence grown round with underbrush and shrubbery are yet standing the walls of an old deserted brick church edifice. They are those of a Friends church and mark the site of the place of worship of the pioneer fathers and mothers of the community, the greater number of whom were of the Friends faith.

The first church building was one of logs and was built in 1807, a leading spirit in its erection being Stephen McBride. It was named the Sandy Spring meeting house. The general opinion is that the name was derived from the numerous springs of fine water abounding and the valley which was ever known as the Sandy, although some are inclined to the thought the name was one in honor to the church home from whence the founders came.

The little log church served its purpose well until 1827 when the brick edifice was built. In the early years the congregation was very large, the church being frequently filled to capacity. In 1854 at the division in the Friends church the ranks of the society was much depleted. The church property following this division drifted to the branch known as the Wilbur Friends, they continuing to hold meetings up to about 1882, when by reason of death and removals the body ceased to flourish as an organization. The property later came into the hands of Oliver Miller, his parents with himself being numbered with its membership and with a heart full of love for the old church, he set himself personally to work on its repair, to place it in condition as a place for worship or funeral service. Mr. Miller died in 1897, before the work was complete since which time the walls have stood only as a monument to the history of a bygone day.

The cemetery adjoining this church was laid out in 1808, and is one of, if not the oldest burial ground in the township. It is here that many of the pioneers of the community rest in their last repose. The first burial within these hallowed grounds was that of William Craig, father of the founder of the village of Hanover. This cemetery is now the property of the township and with the ground upon which stands the chureh will ever remain a treasured spot in tradition and history.

Christian Church

Christian church history, in Hanover dates back to 1820. Enos and Gaynor Ellis were the chief leaders in its organization, the church in its early day being that known as the Bible Christian. Its early christ, Hughes and others. The first house for worship was one of logs and was built just south of the village upon the eminence known as the "First Hill"

About 1825, there came dissensions in the church owing to the rise and growth of the teaching of Rev. Alexander Campbell, the Disciple faith as it was known in that day. These dissensions prevailed until about 1830 when the followers of the faith of Campbell largely predominated in the congregation and the church society was reorganized. There were about 100 members in the new organization, Joseph Rhodes and Price Keith being prominent in its work. An addition to the log church was built, it serving until 1859 when the present edifice was erected.

Rey. Alexander Campbell was a frequent visitor to the church at Hanover and preached upon numerous occasions. Meetings upon special occasions were held in groves about the village during Campbell's time and after and always were noted for their large gatherings. During one of Rev. Alexander Campbell's visits to the community he solemnized the marriage of Alexander Hall and Mary Rhodes, prominent young people of the village.

Among ministers who have served the pastorate of this church since 1830 are Revs. John Whitacre, Wesley Lamphear, Isaac Errett, Jchn Henry, Shields, T. J. Newcomb, VanVorhees, James Hartzell, Cyrus Bosworth, Harrison Jones, P. H. Jones, Baker, C. W. Huffer, Hart, Asa McDaniel, Rice, Randall, H. L. Ice, Arthur Wake, J. H. Cable. Rev. A. M. Flax is the pastor in charge at the present time. The membership today numbers about 50.

Presbyterian Church

Second among church societies to organize within the village of Hanover was that of the Presbyterian, this about 1830. The first church was a frame structure located south of the one of today. Previous to this time however Rev. James Robertson and C. L. Vallandigham had preached occasionally within the village.

Following the building of the church Rev. James Robertson became the first stated pastor, the first elders being Hugh Jordan and George Sloan. In 1841 a brick church edifice was erected on the hill in the northeast part of the village, the building committee being Rev. James Robertson, George Sloan, Hugh Jordan, George Long, Hugh Lee and Samuel McClellan. The decision as to the matter of buildiing of frame or brick was in accordance with the amount of money subscribed. At the conclusion to build a church, a location in the southeast part of town where Howard street intersects with the Dungannon road, was selected. Building was conmenced, but the ground selected as a site at that time being of a swamp-like order, the walls sank when partially up and cracked and the place was at once abandoned and a new site chosen. Contract for the stone foundation was awardce Dee ed Frederick Taggart, the brick work to W. F. Gardner. The brick for the building were furnished by James McBride and George Hanselman, the new church being completed in 1843. This church served as a meeting place until 1900 when the present building was erected.

The ministers of this church following Rev. James Robertson, were Rev. Robert Dickson, Rev. Dalzell Carson, Rey. Robert Johnston, Rev. J. R. Dundass, Rev. R. B. Love, Rey. Miller, Rev. Boyd, Rev. J. F. Elder, Rev. J F. Kirkbride, Rev. W. L. Swan, Rev. C. W. Swan, Rev. R. C. Townsend, Rev. Hughes. The present pastor is Rey. Ashley Wilson. For many years the churches of Hanover and Bethesda composed one ministerial charge but in 1903 Bethesda became a stated charge of itself, the Homeworth church then being connected with that at Hanover. The present year, 1913, the Homeworth church was dropped from connection with the Hanover appointment and that of Augusta became a part of the pastoral charge.

Methodist Church

In 1834 a church society of the Methodist Episcopal faith was organized the early members being Joseph and Elizabeth Hillerman, Hannah Ball, Charlotte Arter, Michael Arter, Joseph Myers, Mrs. Vernon and Mr. and Mrs. Kynett. The first trustees were Michael Arter and Joseph Myers, the first leader, Joseph Hillerman. The church in early years was attached to the Lisbon circuit, but later was made a ministerial station and a circuit established embracing other contingent churches of the demonination. At one time there were five appointments on _ the circuit these being the churches at Hanover, New Garden, Gillford, Point Pleasant and the Union Chapel, south of Kensington, now the Kensington church.

Its first church building was erected in 1837, being used for a time for both church and school purposes. On June 30, 1876, during a violent storm the church was blown down and demolished. Upon its ruin was the present chureh edifice built in 1877.

In 1809 Isaac Craig, a brother to the founder of the village of Hanover, taught a school in the log meeting house, built by the Friends, he receiving his pay by subscription of the people of the community. His successor was Andrew Pettit another of the pioneers of Hanover, this also being a subscription school. Pettit taught school for a number of years, he being a very popular teacher of his time. James Shaw and Levi Miller were also teachers of the early days, near Hanover.

The first school taught aside from that at the Friends' church was in what is now known as the Tunnel Hill district, the school building, a log structure, standing west of the present one. It was here that the children from the village of Hanover first attended school. The first school in the village was conducted in one end of a log blacksmith shop owned by Isaac Craig, this being located on the lot now that of the Methodist church parsonage. School was held here as late as 1832, when a Prof. Willetts was the teacher. Previous there is no record of there being any special instructor.

School was conducted in the old Disciple church, this standing on the hill south of the canal, for a time. In 1834, 1835, 1836 and 1837 the school was in the Presbyterian church, and from there was transferred to the Methodist church there remaining for several years. The teachers here were Chester Reeder, William Gore, a Mr. Porter, Jesse Markham, Miss Markham, and James Seymour.

In the early schools the Bible, testament, English reader, Dilworth's, Webster's and the United States speller were used. The erithmetics were those of Daboll's and Tike's a change in these to the Western Calculator being made about 1827. Shinn's arithmetic found its way also into the schools about or soon after that time. The pen for writing was made from a quill, the metal pen being unknown. Before the time of free schools teachers all received pay by subscription from the parents, the usual rate being $1.50 per quarter for each pupil.

During the spring and summer of 1855, the first building for school purposes was erected in the village. It was a frame structure ard was known as the Hanover Union School House. The first superintendent to have charge of the schools therein was Prof. H. C. Breckinridge. After him came William H. Dressler, Asbury Arter, Jesse Markham, Sallie Voglesong, A. M. Norris, J. P. Todd and others. This school house was destroyed by fire May 15, 1888.

In a public statement at the close of his term in 1862, he said that during his time as head of the schools, he had sent out into the walks of life or had under his instruction 37 ministers, 17 lawyers, 11 physicians, 180 teachers in addition to men and women of various other occupations. During the superintendency of Prof. Dressler a literary society was a feature of the school work, and many were the debates engaged in upon the questions of the hour, these proving valuable to the men and women of the time. It was not uncommon for a meeting of the society to continue from 7:30 p. m. until after midnight.

During the days of the great civil war the schools lapsed somewhat, many of its boys answering the call to the country's service, but were later revived by the teaching of Prof. James H. Weaver and Prof. A. M. Stevenson. Among the last of the teachers in the old school building were Professors Harvey Vanfossan and George E. Randels.

The present brick school building was erected in 1888, the contractor and builder being Richard Brightwell, a colored man, who, when a young man had learned the tanner's trade with Michael Arter. The first superintendent of schools in this building was Prof. M. D. Merrick, his associate instructors being Chas, D. Speidel and

1912 - Superintendent,. A. B. Johnson; (part term) Elizabeth Mc- Connell, (part term) associate teachers, Myrtle Holland, (resigned) L. F. Ling, Julia McGhee, Anna Sinclair.

The school became a graded one in accordance with state law about 1907, its first graduating class being James Raley, Charles Ling and Erma Johnson, this in 1909. The young folks to graduate from the schools since are as follows:

Postoffice And Mails

Fourteen years elapsed from the time of platting the village until the establishing of a postoffice therein. Where its pioneers and those of the community received mail during this period is not known, but probably at the Griswold postoffice east of New Garden, this being where Jacob Batzli now lives, and later at New Garden, this village being platted in 1810,the Gris wold postoffice later being moved to that village and the name changed. It is Known, however, that in the early pioneer days there was but littie mail received, letters few and far between, with a paper taken by but few.

The postoffice at Hanover was established January 19, 1827 with William Williams as its first postmaster. It was the desire that the office be named, Hanover, to accord with that of the township and village, but a postofiece in Licking county named Hanover and established in 1815 had _ priority and the best the government postal department could do to carry out the expressed wish of the people was to add the letters "ton" to the name, and so it remains been made to have the "ton" stricken off, but without success, the Licking county town also still insisting upon its place on the government postoffice map.

The mails to first come to Hanover were by route established to New Garden, being received there from stage plying between Lisbon and Canton. They were received once a week, a carrier on horseback traversing the distance between the two points. Later mail routes were established from Lisbon to Carrollton and from Salem to Bolivar, these by way of Hanover. These mails were also carried horseback, this being the custom in the earlier years. David Coulson, Isaac Shaw, Madison Shaw and Levi Pennington were early mail carriers.

With the building and operation of the Cleveland & Pittsburg railway in 1852 came the establishing of a mail service to the station, George Voglesong receiving the contract at $84 per year. Mr. Voglesong established a hack service in conjunction with the carrying of mail, meeting trains daily. During the life of the "Calico Switch" as the little railroad between Hanover and the station was facetiously called, Mr. Voglesong conducted a horse car upon this but at its going down a return to the hack or "bus" service was made. This railway mail service eventually caused the west ends of both horseback routes to be discontinued.

George Voglesong carried mail for years later between Hanover and Salem, his successors being George Stratton and Vincent Blythe. Blythe was the carrier upon this route at its discontinuance in 1894.

Jehu Marshall carried mail for years between Hanover and Lisbon. In later years Harrison Benson, Forest Koffel and Parker Orr were carriers upon this route, it going by way of Dungannon and Gavers. At the establishing of a mail service between Millport and Lisbon, via Gavers, Thomas Davidson carried mail for four years between Dungannon and Hanover, walking the distance daily the greater part of the time with the mail pouch swung across his shoulder receiving as his compensation 33 cents per trip. Bernard Ewing then carried mail four years on this route daily the pay being 31 cents per trip. S. D. Longshore and later Elmer Henderson carried mail between Hanover and Lisbon, the establishing of rural delivery in 1902 or 1903 with the passing of the postoffices at Dungannon and Lucerne, marking the close of all star route mail service from Hanover.

Mail service to Hanover today is by courier to the depot at Kensington, railway postal clerks making up pouches with its mails. This service is marked by a long line of couriers since the days of George Voglesong, among them being A. J. Haldeman, Taylor Temple, D. J. Vanfossan Wilson Ramsey, Emmet Winder, James Noling, Harsh & McAllister. Emmet Reeder is the present custodian of this service.

Rural delivery of mail with Hanover as a distributing station was established April 1, 1904 with George Diezman as carrier. He resigned in 1912, James Raley being his successor.

The complete roster of postmasters for Hanover from the establishment of the office to the present with date of issuance of commiision to each is as follows: -

Sandy And Beaver Canal

Marking the period in the country's history in the transportation of market supplies between that of the wagoner and the railway was the era of canals. One of these waterways led from Smiths Ferry to Bolivar, connecting the Ohio river with the commercial marts of Pittsburg and other eastern cities and canal enterprise on the west with outlet for Cleveland and Cincinnati. The route of this canal led through Hanover. Its building was a gigantic undertaking its civil engineering a monument to the skill of the men of the day, tunneling heing necessary in crossing the hills of the divide blending together the agricultural vales on the one side and upon the other. This is the only known canal in the state's history plowing its way through hills by means of tunnels in its building, what was known as the Big Tunnel, three-quarters of a mile in length, being located just east of Hanover.

This canal was known as the Sandy & Beaver, the company for its building being organized as the Sandy & Beaver Canal Company, and incorporated by legislative enactment January 11, 1829, and amended March 9, 1880. From the inception of its promotion to the beginning of work in its excavation almost seven years elapsed, its proper financing and completion of plans and specifications in its building being the work of the meantime. In its promotion a number of citizens of Columbiana county were largely interested, among these Michael Arter, of Hanover, he being the efficient treasurer of the company during all the years of its history.

With the building of the canal assured and work in progress, there came bright prespects for Hanover, the promise of its becoming one oi the greatest of the towns of the county being very rosy. With the laying out along the canal of a new land addition to the village came the erection of new buildings, lots sold readily and improvements grew apace. Two mammoth warehouses were built, one by J. R. and A. R. Arter, the other by David Arter and Perry Nicholas, one of these, including basement being of seven stories. Milling industries went up, stores and shops were established, the new addition becoming the center of the business section of the village.

The work of excavation of the canal was by contract in sections and the beginning all along the way was marked with much enthusjasm, demonstration and 1ejoicing. Samuel Reeder threw out the first shovel of earth in its digging at Hanover. Modern excavating machinery in that day was unknown and the work was largely done with teams, pick and showel. Labor was in demand, and many of the workmen were of Irish nativity, coming across the water to America, Ly reason of the opportunities the work aiforded. A custom of the time with contractors was to allow the workmen a certain number of drinks of whiskey each day, these being termed '"'jiggers."" When scarce of help, the number of "jiggers" not the wages, were increased with usually satisfactory results, but with depleting effect to the working ranks of other contractors, The country's financial crisis, or panic, of 1837, greatly retarded the progress, work being suspended. It was taken up again in 1845 and hurried forward to a completion, being opened to traflic the entire distance in 1849. For some time prior to this date however, boats had plied the canal from the east as far as Lisbon. That territory traversed by the canal west and east of Hanover to the approach of the tunnel was priorly a swale and its digging proved valuable as a means of drainage. Near the tunnel enirance there was naught but a bluish clay formation to the entire canal depth and how much greater the depth of this was never determined. At the excavation here, far below the surface was found the bones of a mastodon, an animal prehistoric, unknown at that time. The find was the cause of considerable comment and conjecture as to how the life was lost and how it found its tomb so far beneath the crest of earth. In the operation of the canal at this point no end of trouble was occasioned, the water coagulating the muck, this contaminating the waters to such extent that it was with difficulty boats could get through. Once the water was closed off and the bottom was floored with a corduroy of timber in hope to overcome the trouble, but never without complete success although there was marked improvement.

The work in the digging of the big tunnel east of Hanover consumed a period of four years being practically compieted in 1848. The height of the tunnel excavation was 17 or 18 feet and from the earth's surface to the tunnei at its greatest depth was 80 feet. From 140 to 150 men were employed in the tunnel work, divided into four working forces of two shifts, working night and day, one at either end. Shafts, serving also the purpose of air chambers, were put down at certain distances and from these the mass of rock was lifted and carted to one side. The work was all done by drilling and blasting. In the drilling one man would stand supporting and turning the drill on his shoulder while another would do the sledging. Many accidents occurred during the progress of the work, the greatest of these being the killing of one man, Joseph Kerns, by a premature blast. Another, Jeff Ferry, had an arm blown off and another by the name of Roberts lost a leg. One man is also said to have been killed during a brawl, his assailant disappearing and never being apprehended. The field now owned by J. F. Speidel on the site of the tunnel during the digging was a scene of houses or shacks, homes of the workmen, it having about it the appearance of a village. A saloon conducted there, was however, about the only commercial enterprise.

In the great work in the excavation of this canal, the township was central. North of Dungannon was a smaller tunnel, the interior of this its entire length being of arch masonry of cut stone, the finest of workmanship, while at Gillford in the northeast part of the township for the purpose of retaining a reserve supply of water, two reservoirs were constructed the larger embodying 470 acres of land, the cost of the reservoir building being given as $70,000. As to the cost o* the tunnelling no estimate is known but that it was an immense sum is certain. Between Hanover and Bolivar were 40 locks, between Hanover and Smith's Ferry 140 locks, these also of finest workmanship both in stone cutting and masonry.

The first boat to reach Hanover came in on the afternoon of January 6, 1848. The canal was not yet complete but in order to hold its charter it was necessary that a boat be got through. The boat came from the east and had reached a point on West Fork creek near the site of the Frost mill the night previous. A number of Hanover people, headed by the band, went to meet it. At the point mentioned the boat was grounded, there being a raise of three feet necessary in getting again to water in the channel. Morris Miller with seven yokes of oxen came to the rescue and with all lending a hand the boat was lifted over the barrier. From here all went well until after entering the Big Tunnel. The band was playing and all were happy, but when near the east shaft a huge stone rolled down in front of the boat. Here again was turmoil and delay but finally the boat was got past and amid great eclat it reached Hanover, anchoring at the lower warehouse.

Boating was regularly conducted on the canal for about four years. The building of the Cleveland & Pittsburg railway in 1852 had however greatly decreased the volume of canal business, and in 1854, the summer being a very dry one, owing to scarcity of water boats could not ply through the tunnel and none ever plied the canal from the east following that time. For a while later they plied the distance between Hanover and Bolivar, but not long, the era of railroads marking the end. Large quantities of wheat were shipped from Hanover by boat, 40,000 bushels in one year during canal days and mines pear East Rochester were a source of a big canal coal trade. The "Hibernian," a boat owned by Hanover people, was the last to go through the tunnel, this in the spring of 1854.

Traces of the old canal and massive piles of rock from its tunnels are still to be seen and will be for ages yet to come, a monument to a great enterprise, the most unfortunate of its day for those whose money made it possible. In later years these tracings and stones were also a scenic background as it were to one of the most noted suits at law in the state, if not the country's history. During the canal work a number of its contractors lived in Hanover, among them Thomas Reilly. A son of Thomas, James W. was then in school, the father taking pride in providing education for the son often speaking of him when in conversation with his workmen, The son _ became a lawyer, a general during the civil war and also served in the siate legislature. He died intestate with no known heirs leaving an estate valued at $150,000. Claimants to the fortune from Ireland, England and the states sought to obtain it, trial being at Lisbon in November 1909, and lasting four weeks, a number of Hanover people who knew them being called to give testimony. None were able to substantiate their claims to the satisfaction of the court the case still lingering to this day with the money, barring expenses, in the coffers of the state.

Of the history of Hanover, the most unfortunate of all is that of railroads. In the grasp of the village lay the location of the Cleveland & Pittsburg railway in 1851 and the fact that its trains are not thundering through the vale wherein it nestles is due to a misjudgment as to line of route necessary to be taken and a pique of the dignity of him who held the location for the building in his hands. One of the original surveys for the road and that really decided upon by its promoters passed at a point in the western suburbs of the village, up the vale on the Marshall farm, running a half mile west of Adaiir iz. the northwest corner of the township, by way of North Georgetown to Alliance. James Farmer, of Salineville, a man prominent in the building of the road, called a meeting of the citizens of the village in its interest. Influential men of the town were there. Mr. Farmer addressed the assemblage, saying among other things that if the people of Hanover would take stock, subscribing $10,000 toward its building the road would be assured for the town. There was a moment of reflection in the matter when one of the number influential in the affairs of the time aroge and with a characteristic smile remarked that the money would not be paid; that the road could not other than be built on that survey as it was of all the routes shortest and best. The remark ruffled the sensitive nature of Mr. Farmer to the quick and he gave reply, "We'll show you! We'll build it just near enough so that you'll hear the whistle," and immediately left. George Sloan, one of the wealthier men of the village noting the mischief wrought, a few hours later made it his business to see Mr. Farmer and agreed to take the entire $10,000 worth of stock himself, but Mr. Sloan's chagrin can be surmised when he was curtly told that it was too late, adding, "the route is fixed; you'll hear the whistle." Thus was the opportunity lost, the road going a mile and a half to the southward, and the whistle, true, is heard day by day. Had the road been located by the Hanover survey the line to Alliance would have been seven miles shorter, easier of construction and the terminal of the Tuscarawas branch at Hanover instead of Bayard as now. On this old original survey was a new line run in 1906 when the railway officials were prospecting for the second tracking of the system.

The building of the railroad was a severe blow to canal enterprise and with the dry summer of 1854 marked its passing. It was then the business interests of the village saw the need of a railroad as an artery of its industrial life as never before. The building of a railroad to connect with that at the station wags projected, Perry Nicholas and David Arter being leading spirits and in 1855 or 1856 this was accomplished in reality, most of the money in its construction being provided by the men named. This road extended from the upper warehouse on Canal street to the station, traces of its roadbed being yet visible. Its construction was of wooden rails fastened to ties beneath with a flat bar of iron spiked thereon, and upon this cars were switched from the main railway line to Hanover, an immensity of business over this road being done. No locomotives were run over the road by reason of the wooden rails, the cars by reason of the easy grade being towed to and from the village with horses. George Voglesong, was given permission to operate a tram car for the carrying of mails and passengers over the road and this was another marked feature of the little railroad. The death of Nicholas a few years later, with the passing of the business firm saw no one to look particuiarly to the repair of the road. The tram car made trips but rotting ties were not replaced and the bars of iron on the wooden rails frequently coming loose made delay and trouble. As leng, however, as the car kept the track it was an interesting feature of its time. In 1861, a flood washed out the bridge over the canal and this was never rebuilt. A bus line took the place of the tram car and thus passed a railroad. one perhaps the most unique in construction and history in the state.

Railroad surveys have since from time to time been run through Hanover but nothing ever materialized. In 1872, a narrow gauge road known as the Ohio and Toledo was promulgated this road in this sectien traversing the old canal towpath. A section for the roadbed for this vroposed railway west of the village was actually graded, hope for a time running high but it too, went glimmering. From time to time since, even unto the present, a "cut off'? line from Smith's Ferry to Kensington, through Hanover, has had mention, An interurban electric road from Kensington, by way of Hanover and Winona to Salem had agitation about 1904 or 1905, and has since had mention but no material progress was ever made.

Printing And Papers

Strange as it may seem the printing press did not find a place in Hanover in the early years. The first man to engage in the art preservative was Joel B. Taylor, he purchasing a small job press from a man in Franklin township in 1877. Mr. Taylor was then in the fiftythird year of his age, knew nothing about the printing business, never having "stuck a type" but in the mastery of the work pinned his faith in the proverb of Solomon, "Seest thou a man diligent in his business he shall stand before kings."' He did master the work and from his press came the first locally printed paper, the village ever had. It was a three column eight by twelve sheet of eight pages, the first issue being printed January 1, 1880. It was called "The Ohio Crowder,' a name unique and suggestive of humor, because of its diminutive size. It attracted attention, however, met with encouragement and was given very nice advertising support. About two years later Mr. Taylor purchased a larger press, and book store was established in connection. The son remained with the father about two years when he retired to take up the study of medicine, the book store being closed out. The father continued the paper to about 1888 when he sold to Roy Harris, of Salem. Mr. Harris published the paper from spring until fall but not finding the vocation as renumerative as he had anticipated, returned his readers the amounts remaining due on subscription and retired from the field. In February, 1901, L. R. Benjamin established a paper in the village the same being known as the Hanover Record, it being published weekly. It was a four page six column edition and was continued until October 1903, Mr. Benjamin moving to Carrollton and establishing a paper there. To this paper its publisher gave a splendid community news service, it having the widest circulation of any paper the village ever had.

A paper known as the Hanover Mirror was issued in 1879 and was published somewhat irregularly up to 1881, its mission being wholly that of an advertising medium. In 1881, it was advanced to a monthly, correspondents being secured in neighboring towns and a most creditable publication was established. It was discontinued in 1884. Joseph B. Ray was the manager of' this paper, while Attorney A. V. Johnson had charge of its news and editorial construction.

Hanover Band

A band was first organized in Hanover in 1847, being known as the Hanover Band. The members were Lewis Kaah and brother, Lucien Shoemaker, Jesse Sinclair, Franklin Sinclair, Mordecai Sinclair, Edward Sinclair, T. C. Melbourne, Albert Melbourne, Jefferson Arter, Albert Arter, Joseph Rhodes, and two others named Lance and Fox, respectively. For nine years this band organization held together without the loss of a member, it becoming one of the most noted of the musical organizations of the country. Lewis Kaah was the leader, a man who could play any instrument, he first finding his way to Hanover as a musician with VanAmburg's circus company. The show went into winter quarters at Pittsburg and the music lovers of Hanover wrote Kaah soliciting him to come and take charge of the band. He came, liked the town and its people and remained.

In 1852 during the Pierce-Scott presidential campaign, this band entered into a big prize musical contest with the big bands of the country at Niagara Falls, the same having been planned during a season of political speaking there on the part of the Scott campaign management, the Hanover boys returning with first money. No gathering of importance anywhere in those days but the Hanover band was in demand. With the coming of the civil war the organization was disbanded.

A band was organized following the war and again in later years but because of the frequent loss of members never attained the same success as attended the early endeavor.

Hanover Soldiery

Patriotism was ever a characteristic of the people of Hanover and nowhere did truer or more loyal hearts beat in unison for home, for country or for native land.

When the call came for men at the outbreak of the great civil war of 1861-5 for the suppression of rebellion and human slavery and to hold intact the union, there was a free and ready response and the town and township gave of its bravest and best. In this regard for this great war, Hanover has a distinction standing out as a bright star in the firmament of its history, that of having furnished more soldiers in accordance to population than any township in the United States, this being borne out by the country's record of the men enlisted for the struggle. Few indeed were the families of the village and township that did not not have some one at the front on the field of battle. In the Buzzard Glory school district adjoining the village to the north-west there was only one resident family who did not have one, two or more of its boys in the dress of blue. As with all communities some of the soldier boys never returned, but sleep the last long sleep in honored remembrance beneath the grass and the palmetto of the southland. Some returned with empty sleeve and yet others were spared to again greet the loved ones at home.

The four years and more of the civil war, 1861-5, were anxious cnes for the aged fathers and mothers at home and little elise was the thought and the topic of consideration when friend and neighbor met, while at night it was an ever present thought in prayer and in hope.

The most exciting day in the history of the village during the civil war period was that of Sunday, July 26, 1863. General John H. Morgan of the southern army with a company of men on a raiding expedition had crossed the Ohio river and was pushing north, news of his approach as it was heralded ahead naturally creating alarm as well as hurried preparation on the part of the people for his interception and capture. Hanover folk, many of them, had gathered in church for Sunday school when announcement was hastily brought to the door that Morgan had passed Salineville headed Hanover way, the school as a consequence being adjourned without formality. There was general consternation, with yelling and beating of drums, women and children crying and all on the quivive of expectancy. A small cannon was whirled in position at the bridge over the canal and guns of whatever character to be found were brought forward for service while at all blacksmith shops there was a hurried moulding of bullets. Watchers were upon the Arter warehouse to herald the first sight of the southern troopers. Horses were hustled to places of hiding some being taken as far north as the home of Zimri Woolf, near the Mahoning in Butler township.

Soon following the ncon hour the watchers noted a cloud of dust arising to the south-west. The alarm was given and for a brief time, excitement was intense. This was soon allayed, Rev. John Rogers, a Methodist minister of Augusta, riding in at the head of a company of about 150 men armed with rifles, shotguns, etc., all intent upon the capture of the daring southern raider and doubtless would have made it interesting, with the help of Hanover, for the intruders, had they reached the village.

After feeding the horses and men, Rogers pushed forward in pursuit of the enemy but at Dungannon, learning that Morgan had been captured by General Shackleford's men near West Beaver, returned. Morgan had changed his course at Bethesda church, four miles south-east, his aim evidently being to again get back across the Ohio into West Virginia. At Bethesda church he met people gathering for the services of the day, compelling some to give up their horses, fresh steeds to take the place of his jaded ones, leaving the Owners with weeping women and children seated in their conveyances in the roadway.

On the return from Dungannon, Captain Rogers met one of Gen Shackleford's troops who being of rather uncomely appearance, was mistaken for one of Morgan's men and he was taken prisoner. The man claimed himself a union soldier on a French leave to see his family living near Salem, but despite this he was taken to Salineville before his story was believed and his identity established to the satisfaction of his captors.

Just preceding the war when the anti-slavery agitation was at its height, Hanover was an important station on what was termed the "Underground Railway." This was a time when the colored man was secreted across the country from his master on the southern plantation to his liberty in the Canadian dominion by anti-slavery people, the lines of routes established gaining the sobriquet of "Underground Railway.' The man of slavery was piloted across the country during the night in varied manner and secreted during the day at the homes of those friendly to freedom's cause, the stopping places being knows as "stations." Homes of Michael Arter, Dr. James Robertson, Daniel Voglesong and George Sloan were notable stations of this Underground Railway in Hanover.

Many of the noted advocates of the abolition of slavery spoke from the public rostrum in Hanover prior to the sound of arms that burst the galling chains asunder, while numbers walked to meetings

To mention the soldiery of the village alone in this history would be unfair to the heroic sons of the other sections of the township, who stood with them side by side and the complete roster of those in that historic struggle, so far as possible to secure the names is here appended.

Regular Army War Of The Revolution

The following pioneers of Hanover township were soldiers in the war for American Independence: - Andrew Melbourne, Stephen Mc- Bride, William Skelton, Joseph Lindesmith, Michael Lindesmith.

Spanish-American War

A monument honoring the soldiery of Hanover township was erected in Hanover cemetery in 1896, dedicated on May 30, the G. A. R. Post in charge. Rey. Slayter, a minister of the Christian church, made the address for the occasion at 10 a. m. A memorial sermon

Hanover Rifles

Hanover in the early years boasted the possession of a military company, known as the Hanover Rifles. The company was organized about 1838, when military order was at its height with sixty members. Kdwin Rhodes was captain and Samuel Fox first lieutenant. Captain Rhodes was shortly afterwards chosen major in the militia, and resigning his command of the rifles, was succeeded by Joseph Brown. The company paraded occasionally in showy uniforms of white with red sashes, and flourished seven years. Then military enthusiasm declined and the company gradually passed from existence.

Circus And Opera

In days when circus and menagerie managements traveled by road there was no better show town anywhere than Hanover, all the big shows of the time looking with favor on the village as a place wherein to pitch their tents. Every year saw its aggregation of grizzlies, lions, tigers, giraffes, elephants and funny clowns in Hanover. In 1864, following the rebeilion, when the boys of the 115th O. VY. I. returned, Dan Rice, tne greatest showman of his time, exhibited. John Robinson was in Hanover with his shows two or three times, as was also VanAmburg. Yankee Robinson and the May Be & Cross Be shows, popular in their day and generation, were also exhibited in Hanover. It was not unusual for a show management to sell from 2,000 to 2,500 tickets for the exhibit of the day and 2,000 for that of the night.

The town haii was built about 1882, the second story being arranged for the opera, numerous excellent troupes appearing before its footlights. The hall was dedicated by that popular man of the stage, Felix A. Vincent, JAMES S. GARSIDE assisted by a talented company

James S. Garside, the Hanover township boy who achieved considerable prominence as an actor, and who has appeared on the stage in almost every state of the union, has greeted fine audiences upon several occasions, both with professional talent and with local companies while on a visit to his old Hanover home.

During the summer of 1853 a circus company traveling by boat exhibited in Hanover. Seven boats were required in its transportation the coming being an innovation in the way of circus travel for the time and created a more than ordinary interest. The piloting of the circus boats through the tunnel was an event of the day, this work being in charge of E. L. Strohn, a Hanover boatman and was without accident. A number of the show attaches are said however to have been timid and afraid to ride through the big tunnel and walked over the hill meeting the boats again on the opposite side. The circus went east from Hanover. The boats were specially constructed ones made in sections so they could be taken apart for transmission by train and over mountain territory.

Dennison Post 6G. A. R.

The institution of the Grand Army of the Republic in Hanover dates back to November, 1864 following the home coming from the field of the boys of Co. C, 48rd O. V. I, of which A. R. Arter was captain. All became charter members of the order. It continued up to the spring of 1866 when it disbanded. A reorganization was effected in 1868, numbered among its charter list at this time being Joel B. Taylor, Joseph B. Ray, Samuel Rhodes, Daniel Burt, Job Reeder, B. T. Norris, Henry Weaver, J. G. Carruthers.

It has held its charter from that day to the present. The membership at one time was about 60, but the last roll call for many has been answered, its number today being 18. Following are its present officers: - Commander, George F. Copeland; vice commander, Henry Weaver; junior commander, Bernard Ewing; adjutant, Webster Welsh; treasurer, G. F, Whitacre; chaplain, Joel B. Taylor; officer of the day, T. C. Melbourne.

Free And Accepted Masons

Sandy Valley Lodge No. 408 F. & A. M. was organized October, 1868, the charter members being R. Pritchard, J, Sultner, R. R. Bourn, Stephen Keith, J. Fife, R. J. Boyce, W. L. Parthe, Dr. W. EH. Patterson, Thomas Shaw and William Linn. It now has 70 members, Following are its officers: - Master, W. EH. Davidson; Senior Warden, L. H. Copeland; junior warden, Emmet Dibble; secretary, Earl Miller; treasurer, A. KE. Melbourne; senior deacon, John B. Sanor; junior deacon, Lewis Chilson; senior steward, Jesse Vernon; junior steward, Viomer Wilson; tyler, Harvey Ruble.

Knights Of The Maccabees Ladies Of The Maccabees

Welcome Hive No. 346, Ladies of the Maccabees, was instituted January 29, 1902 with about fifteen charter members, The membership now numbers 28. Its officers are as follows: - Past commander, Alice Martin; commander, Margaret Fitzpatrick; lieutenant commander, Emma, Ruble; racord keeper, Ella Anthony; finance keeper, Ollie Swearingen; <nistress at arms, Emma Crubaugh; chaplain, Carrie Wernet; sergeant, Olive Hole; sentinel, Daisy Deville; picket, Htta McHenry.

Order Of The Eastern Star

Pleasant Valley Chapter, Order of the Eastern Star, was organized at Hanover by Sarah A. Andre and Minnie R. Ling and instituted May 17, 1905, with 26 charter members. The first officers of the order were as follows: - Matron, Minnie R. Ling,; patron, George W. Conser; associate matron, Belle Figley; secretary, George Figley; vhaplain, Sarah A. Andre; treasurer, Sarah Sinclair; conductress, Hthel Sinclair; associate conductress, Anna Sinclair; marshals, Philena Sinclair, Maud Little; organist, Myrtle Swearingen; Ada, Olive Humphrey, Ruth, Dora Conser; Esther, Alma Wilson; Martha, Jennie Conser; Electa, Ellen Diezman. At present it has 55 members, the officers being: - Matron, Blanche Raley; patron, John B. Sanor; associate matron, Anna Sinclair; secretary, Rosa Loudon; treasurer, Fmma Ruble; conductress, Minnie R. Ling; associate conductress, Mary Crumay; chaplain, Maud Little; marshal, Mary Ray; organist, Myrtle Swearingen; Ada, Anna Chilson; Ruth, Marie Merrick; Esther, Elazan Sinclair; Martha, Jennie Conser; [Hlecta, Alta Ruble; warden, Nellie Strahm; sentinel, M. H. Ruble.

Independent Order Of Odd Fellows

A lodge of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows was instituted in Hanover in 1876 with 15 charter members, its first officers being Harrison Cox, noble grand; Owen Stackhouse, vice grand; Peter Phillips, recording secretary; Jarvis M. Hotchkiss, financial secretary; John Roudebush,. treasurer. The lodge flourished for a numker of years, the membership largely increased and for a time it was numbered with the most important of the community organizations. In 1905 the lodge was moved to Kensington. Lack of interest on the part of the membership seemed to attend it and in 1907, its charter was surrendered, At the time of abandonment the lodge had 28 members. Of its last official roster of officers, W. EH. Davidson was noble grand, Charles E. Watkins, recording secretary.

Junior Order American Mechanics

A lodge of this society was instituted in Hanover in April, 1889 and for a period flourished to a remarkable degree, having at one time about 80 of a membership. It passed into history during the latter part of 1894. It was known as Garfield Council and was instituted with 46 charter members, A. E. Winder being its first councillor, A. V. Johnson, recording secretary and F. M. Melbourne, financial secretury.

Oil And Gas Operations

First in drilling operations in a test for oiil or gas in the territory about Hanover was in 1861, when Joel B. Taylor with a partner undertook the putting down of a well on the south side of the old canal opposite the Hanover flouring mill. This well was drilled by means of horse power equipment similar to that used in threshing machinery prior to the advent of portable steam engines, one horse being used. Work was abandoned when the well was at a depth of 206 feet.

While the work at this well was in progress, when those engaged were one day at dinner some villagers bent on sport poured a can of oil down the hole, this giving rise to a report that oil was found, causing considerable excitement until the ruse was ascertained, This well was noted for its flowing waters and so continues to this day, it now giving the appearance of a spring.

It was not until the years immediately preceding and following 1900 that well drilling work was again taken up to test the gas and oil bearing sands of the lands of the community, In 1909 gas was found in profitable quantity about Dungannon and active operations were taken up in the field at large. About 1910, light bearing gas wells were first found at Tlanover, with splendid producerg later on the Rezin Brown, J. F. Speidel and other farms east of the village. A well sunk to the pay sand within a few rods of the early well of 1861 proved a light gasser.

Commerce And Trades

Of those who have had a part in the commercial activities of the village of Hanover, memory has to largely serve in the compiling. It is likely some have been overlooked, especially of those who came and remained but a brief time, although effort was to the end that rone be forgotten.

Merchants, Grocers

Noted among the dry goods, clothiers and general merchants in the life of Hanover since the fifties have been Richard A. Pearce, Cochran & Ickes, George Ickes, Joseph R. and A. R. Arter, Theodore Arter, Ray & Scotland, W. H. Ray, Stephen Keith, H. H. Swearingen & Son. In 1905 Ralph Levy of Alliance established a clothing house in Hanover with W. B. Packer in charge. About 1899 he sold to James Estep. In line followed Fred S. Wood and D. H. Speidel. Of grocers are noted Atwell & Carruthers, Daniel Voglesong, Philip Voglesong, Joseph Hillerman, William Farrand, J. M. Hotchkiss, T. C. Melbourne, GB T. Norris, Swearingen Bros., D. H. Speidel. Those in business today are: - Clothing, J. M. Estep; dry goods, H. A. Crumay & Co., grocers, C. H. Swearingen, D. H. Speidel.

Boot And Shoe Dealers

During the early days prior and immediately following the civil war, William L. Parthe was the boot and shoe merchant of the village, he leaving in 1868. About this time Henry Keith and Joseph Heston were also engaged in this line of business. John B. Speidel was a successful shoe merchant in Hanover from 1868 until 1904, when le retired being succeeded by his son D. H. Speidel. Thomas Vernon was a shoe merchant of Hanover during the seventies, he being steceeded by William Moore. Forest Koffel, Faloon & Melbourne, H. C. Dutton and L. F. Ling were also numbered among shoe merchalts. D. H. Speidel is the shoe dealer at the present time.

Hardware, Stoves And Tinware

HARDWARE, STOVES AND TINWARE About 1870 William Lawson and Aaron Derhammer engaged in a general hardware business in Hanover, the first in the village, this line of trade being priorly handled by general merchants. The line of successors have been George W. Yant, Abram Shively, Galen A. Sheets, C. E. Sinclair. After the retirement from the trade by Shively, the stove and tinware business became a separate mercantile enterprise, William H. Kintner engaging in the business. Mr. Kintner is Sys.

still engaged in this line of trade, associated with him being his son Thurman Kintner. Naragon Bros., are general hardware dealers at the present time, they occupying the pioneer stand, the old Arter & Nicholas block of canal day fame.

Furniture Dealers

John B. McCrea was the pioneer furniture man of Hanover, coming in 1849 and remaining in business in the village for eighteen years. The furniture sold by Mr. McCrea was all, if not largely so of his own making, he being a skilled tradesman. J. M. Hotchkiss ard Alonzo Sinclair were furniture dealers during the latter seventies and eighties, Sinclair for a few years being in business after Hotchkiss had retired. During the nineties W. C. Anthony for a time conducted a furniture store in the village. Thomas Baker was also an early cabinet maker of Hanover.

Funeral Directors

Among the early funeral directors in Hanover was Herod B. Pearce. He was succeeded by J. B. McCrea. In the early days funeral directors themselves made the caskets as needed. Mr. Me- Crea was followed by George Eells and he in turn by Hotehkiss & Sinclair, and Alonzo Sinclair. Two funeral directors were established in Hanover at the same time for some years among these being George Brown, and 8S. A. Henderson. Thurman Kintner is the resident funeral director of the village at the present time.

Meat Markets

A meat market was established in Hanover in 1855 by Thomas Swaney he conducting it until 1859. In 1860, during and following the civil war Edward St. John and Joseph Ling were meat market men continuing to about 1867 or 1868. David Sinclair was in the business from 1867 to 1875. About 1877 B. T. Norris, opened a market. He sold five or six years later to F. D. Taylor. Following Taylor came B. C. Wiseman, then A. EH. Winder, then S. C. and Ernest Hoopes. HXrnest later selling to his brother, Orin Hoopes. A. E. Melbourne is the meat market man of today.

DRUGGISTS Joseph Heston and Levi Reeder were early druggists in Hanover, being partners in this line of trade. The first change was the buying by Mr. Heston of his partner's interest, he later selling to H, L. Strohn. After a few months Heston again purchased the business. From Mr. Heston's hands the store passed to Lewis Melbourne and J, M. Hotchkiss, Melbourne, later becoming sole proprietor. Mr, Melbourne sold to Stephen Keith and in 1869, E, L. Strohn became Keith's successor, he remaining in business for six years when he sold to H. J. Haldeman. Haldeman sold to Samuel Burson, who unfortunately was burned out September 11, 1885.

Just prior to the purchase of the store from Stephen Keith by E. L. Strohn, Dr. James Jackson established a second drug house in Hanover, this passing to Lewis Melbourne in 1883. Mr. Melbourne centinued in business until about 1890, when for a time there was no drug store in the village. In 1894, Thomas D. Cross established a drug store and in 1898, Samuel Burson returned to the village and again engaged in the drug business. Mr. Cross closed out his store in 1901, moving to Minerva. Mr. Burson still continues in the trade in Hanover.

About 1880, Dr. George W. Sanor and Albert Lower opened a drug store in Hanover, but a year later this was destroyed by fire. It was never re-established.

JEWELERS George W. Stratton began a watch and clock repairing business in Hanover about the year 1885, his sign, a big watch attracting the people of the community his way for some years. In 1902 C. F. Kesselmire, of Salem, established a fine jewelry store in the village, working also at the jewelers trade, but only conducted the same for a few months when he moved to Sebring.

Book Store

BOOK STORE A. W. Taylor established a most creditable book and stationery store in Hanover in 1882 or 18838, this in connection with a printing office, his father J. B. Taylor being associated with him. A couple of years later Mr. Taylor took up the study of medicine and the book store work was discontinued.

Feed And Grain House

FEED AND GRAIN HOUSE The only feed and grain store in Hanover, other than its mills was conducted by H. C. Dutton, he establishing the same about 1897, selling commercial fertilizers in addition. It was only maintained until 1399:

Bakery And Restaurants

The first bakery ever in the village was established by George Diezman in 1898, he in 1900 selling to J. C. Brannan. Mr. Brannan conducted it but a brief time when he sold to W. C. Anthony, he in 1°04 selling to Harmon Sinclair. Sinclair sold to George Wernet, he discontinuing the work of baking and engaging in restaurant work wholly. Harry Gaus followed Wernet in the business for a time. C. A. Deville and John Fitzpatrick conduct restaurants in Hanover at the present time.

Harness Shop

As to who was the first among harness makers to engage in the work in Hanover there is no record, but numbered with those of early years was Benjamin Wright, he being followed by Jacob Lindesmith, each in his work during their day in the village having extensive trade. Joseph Sultner was another harness maker to establish a business in Hanover, this about the sixties. Sultner later retired taking up the study and work of the dental profession and engaging in its practice.

James Linn followed Sultner, and remained at the bench in Hanover all his life plying his trade when yet more than four score years of age. He died in 1904. In recent years Joseph Crubaugh and ite R. Summers have had harness shops in Hanover, Joseph Crubaugh pursuing the trade in the village at the present time.

Tonsorial Artists

Ab Gray was the first barber recalled to establish a business in Hlanover, he plying razor and shears long before and up to the time of civil war days. Since the time of Gray, Albert McPherson, Thomas E. McPherson, John Williams, a Mr. Ashbrook, Mart Vernon and Jesse Vernon have been among the tonsorial artists in Hanover, the latter being engaged in this work at the present time.

Photography

While photography has from time to time had place in Hanover, there were long periods or interludes between those who came upon the scene with camera and chemicals. T. C. Melbourne was the first to take up the work in Hanover, he beginning in 1854, only 14 years after the first successful daguerreotypes were taken in America and at a time when the necessary equipment cost a neat sum of money, Mr. Melbourne's lens alone costing $160.

Webster Welsh, a photographer, located in the village in the year 1900, pursuing the art for five or six years in connection with other work, but retired from the business about 1908.

BLACKSMITHS. It is not known who was the first blacksmith at Hanover, but among the early ones was Isaac Craig. William Lockard, who came with his parents to the village in 1817, became a smith, plying trade fur more than haif a century in the town. David Jonnson was anothe> of the veteran smiths of the village. Two shops each with busy forges were conducted in the village for years. Other smiths who have plied the trade in Hanover have been Joseph Kreusch, Walter Lockard, Wesley Fox, Samue! Fox, Jasper Johnson, Robert Campbell, Wilson S. Ramsey, F. J. Davis, A. J. Hoffman, Thomas Martin. Walter De- Bray is the village smith of today.

Wagon And Carriage Making

From the earliest period of its history wagon making had its place among the trades and industries of Hanover but of those who earliest plied the vocation nothing is known. As the village thrived, the business prospered, and the time was when the industry was a flourishing one providing employment for a number of men.

Back in the fifties Henry Walser held important place in the wagon and carriage making industry. Jesse West was also a wagonmaker of that day. Joseph Kreusch was engaged in the work along in the latter fifties and early sixties, he later leaving the trade and taking up the work of the ministry. Joel B. Taylor was a wagonmaker also of this day and the name of Jackson Carrington is also recalled,

William Martin, a skilled workman in the trade came to Hanover in 1873 and after working a year or two engaged in business for himself, building handsome new shop. Mr. Martin continued in the work in Hanover for over thirty years, having splendid trade, regularly giving employment a greater part of the time to from five to seven men. Mr. Martin moved to Alliance about 1905 or 1906. T. H. Martin was for a time later engaged in wagon and carriage work in the village.

Gunsmith

Williant Johnson, a skilled gunsmith, came to Hanover during the winter of 1864 and 1865, and established himself in business, continuing the work practically to the time of his death, March 19, 1885. I'here were no better guns made than the "Wm Johnson," he building up a very remun2rative business.

Marble Cutters

John Kemble, a marble cutter, established a monumental works in Hanover in 1864, conducting same for two or three years when he sold to a man from Salineville, whose name cannot now be recalled. From him the business passed into the hands of Samuel Jackson, who remained in the work for many years. Samuel Morehead then engaged in the work for a time and later F. F. Bost took up the line of trade. There is now no marble cutter in Hanover.

Livery Barns

Livery barns in early days were an added feature of hotel work, but as to who first looked to the interest of those who needed a horse or a conveyance for a journey in Hanover there is no record.

In 1864 Hanover had two livery barns, one on the present barn site, conducted by A. J. Haldeman, the second in the north part of town, maintained by George Hull. John B. Speidel also kept a few horses for hire at this time. Haldeman's successor was Taylor Temple, who bought the property about 1875, doing a large business for a number of years. He sold to D. J. Vanfossan. Mr. Temple afterward came into possession of the business again. Emmet Winder, Wilson Ramsey, James Noling and Orin Harsh have also been Hanover liverymen, the latter with John E. McAllister as associate. Emmet Reeder purchased the barn in 1910 and is the owner at the present time. In 1913 he remodeled the barn and greatly improved the same.

Price Keith was the first man to engage in the hotel business in Hanover, he coming to the settlement in 1812, his hotel work being coincident with the founding of the town. The location was the corner now occupied by the residence of Mrs. Floretta Sloan, the building a house of logs. William Nixon and Owen Williams were also cther early hotel keepers in Hanover.

The Mansion House, many years noted hostelry of the village was built in 1844, but is not the first hotel building on the ground, the one prior being destroyed by fire that year. Thomas Ickes was the proprietor, the hotel business at this stand dating back 75 years. Following, Thomas Ickes, George Ickes and mother looked to the interest of the traveling public.

Their successors have been Burton Sinclair, James Crawford, G. O, Haldeman, D, J. Vanfossan, L. B. Shively, Samuel M. Miller, Milton Phillips, John Scotland, Loman A, Ball, Frank D, Taylor, Claude Hasbrouck, George Sinclair, Charles Deere, W. J. Wilhelm, Harry James, Mick Welsh, Mrs. Hearst, W. J. Zimmerman. Samuel Miller is the present proprietor.

In addition to the Mansion house other hotels have been conducted in Hanover, in the years passed, proprietors being Thos. Richards and Lawrence Ling. In recent years Mrs. F. D. Taylor has been engaged in hotel work in the village. In addition to the Mansion House today, Mrs. Sadie Kibler maintains a boarding house, so that none in coming to the village need go hungry.

Tees Rrones

Telephones had introduction into Hanover in 1895 or 1896,, when a line was constructed connecting the village with Kensington, the terminals being the G. A. Sheets' hardware store and the Kensington depot. The poles used in the building were oak saplings cut from neighboring woodiands, while but one wire, and that of the common order, served to convey the sounds.

One day in the latter part of 1888 er early in 1899, G. V. Sharp, former Hanover man, came to the village from his home in Salem, and in conversation with Bert Melbourne and F. D. Taylor, the matter of the telephone and the possibilities of a good line for the town were touched upon. Mr. Sharp promised assistance, with the result that manager of the Bell system at Salem was seen, and a franchise asked of council by the company and granted. A substantial line with copper wire was built to the village from Salem, being completed in October 1899, and the system installed with 26 phones, exchange office being established in the postoffice block with Miss Kittie Marsh in charge.

The Eastern Ohio Telephone Co., an independent system, with headquarters at Hast Rochester, about this time also asked a franchise of council, looking toward the installing of its system, the same at first not meeting with favor, a preference being shown the Bell people. However, later this company purchased the little Kensington-Hanover line and thus gained egress to the village. Soon after they were granted privilege to construct their lines, and now have aiso substantial net work of wire. In 1906 this company built a cross line north from Hanover intersecting that running east and west at New Garden central.

In 1905 the Winona Telephone Co., another branch of the Independent system, connected with the Hast Ohio at Hanover, its lines coming by way of Dungannon on the east, so that today the town has fine telephone connections and service.

The Bell telephone central office at present is in charge of Mrs. A. E. Melbourne, while Miss Ella Tate is central exchange operator of the Independent lines.

Civil

Out into the world into almost all the callings of life have gone ihe brawn of the young mauhcod and womanhood of Hanover, many attaining to high position within the ranks of their fellowmen. Lawyers, vhysicians, ministers, teachers, financiers. artists, actors. editors, merchants, tradesmen of every character, skilled craftsmen in their vocations, men and women of force, strong and gifted, each in their day and generation.

On the floors of the nation's congress and in state legislative halls has it been represented, om the judicial bench and in official place has it attained a noted rank. Perhaps from no village and township in the county, population considered has more of its men achieved official preferment and station than from Hanover. The official list follows:

John Hastings Sr. - Member of Twenty-Seventh Congress, House of Representatives, 1839-1841; born Ireland, 1778; died 1841. Lived in Hanover township at time of election to Congress, home being the Charles Wernet farm where W. C. Anthony now lives.

George Fries - Member Twenty-Ninth Congress, House of Representatives, 1845-1847. Vhysician by profession, practicing in Hanover, 1523 to time of his election to Congress. Following expiration of term of office located in Cincinnati, where he died.

John Clarke - Judge of the court of common pleas, Columbiana county, 1855-1856; served by appointment; long resident of Hanover township; many years noted attorney in Lisbon. Born 1814; died October 20, 1888.

James L. Smith - Prosecuting attorney, Columbiana county, 1865- 1868. Resident Hanover township; took up study of law when well advanced in years studying nights and when resting while chopping in woodland or working in field; became proficient in profession and made able official.

was engaged in mercantile pursuits; at one time operated old Buffalo flouring mill, West township; following term of office remained in Lisbon. Died 1888. A son, Richardson Arter, was elected clerk of courts of the county serving 1885-1891; sill living,

Jesse Kepner - Treasurer Columbiana county 1886-1890. Born July, 1841; many years merchant and postmaster at New Garden; later years traveling salesman, McCaskey Register Co.; now retired; lives in Salem.

Michael Arter - County commissioner, 1829-1834; tanner by trade; came to Hanover 1817; treasurer Sandy & Beaver Canal Co.; served as justice of the peace; first mayor of village. Mr. Arter was born August 22, 1785, and died April 16, 1879.

Hiram Gaver - County commissioner 1847-1848 and 1874-1876. Born October 6, 1814. Early life engaged in mercantile work at Dungannon. First postmaster at Dungannon, serving a number of years; later engaged in farming. Died October 23, 1898. Mr. Gaver at his first election as commissioner lived in Hanover township, at his second election in Center.

William Ramsey - County commissioner 1866-1868. Born near Lisbon, 1817. Died at Dungannon, 1894. Carpenter and farmer. Served township also as justice of the peace. Lived in village of Hanover at time of his election as commissioner.

Elwood Miller - County commissioner, 1885-1892. Born September, 1843 in north-west Hanover township; farmer by vocation; sixteen years justice of the peace; seven years trustee; moved Alliance, 1912.

Samuel Bye - County commissioner, 1890-1896. Born near Hanover, January 6, 1833; farmer by vocation; served as, trustee of township six years; was land assessor 1880. Lived in township until 15 years ago when moved to Lisbon. Mrs. Bye is daughter of Hiram Gaver, commissioner of county in 1847-1848.

Eden Reeder - County commissioner 1903 to his death in 1909. Born Hanover 1844; followed farming during life. His second term of office had not yet expired at time of death.

George H. Coulson - Infirmary director during seventies or early eighties, born Hanover township 1836; teacher, farmer and nurseryman near Gillford; moved Kansas 1883; elected and served two terms in Kansas legislature; moved Oklahoma serving one term in the territorial senate that state and one term as clerk of Wood county, Oklahoma, died 1912.

Samuel J. Roller - Infirmary director 1890-1896. Born Washingtonville, Oct. 15, 1837; miller by trade; operated flouring mill on West Fork creek which he purchased March 1877; soldier civil war, eight months a prisoner in Andersonville; killed in accident at sawmill, stepping on loose plank and being thrown on the revolving saw April 14, 1896.

A. E. Swearingen - Infirmary director 1903-1909. Born Hanover September 14, 1865; telegraph operator Kensington 1885-1890; partner with his father,-H. H. Swearingen in store business Hanover until father's death December 10, 1908; then associated his brother C. H. Swearingen with him to time of election to office. Now engaged as traveling salesman.

Edward P. Speidel - Deputy Sheriff with C. B. Leonard 1903. Born Hanover, March 17 1870, printer by trade, teacher, assistant postmaster; graduated study of law 1893; established law office Alliance 1908, elected mayor of Alliance 1909; re-elected 1911, still serving; candidate of his party for state representative, Columbiana county 1904, for clerk of courts Stark county 1912.

First of the physicians in Hanover of which there is record was Dr. James Robertson, who began the practice of the profession in "tanover in 18238, this practice covering a period of 45 years. He died in 1868.

Dr. George W. Sanor began the practice of medicine in Hanover about 1868, remaining in the practice until about 1884 when he moved tc Missouri. Perhaps ten years of this time he lived on a farm in the neighborhood before going west, continuing the practice there. Dr. Sanor was born near New Alexander in 1835. He died in 1908.

Dr. 8. S. Robertson, son of Dr. James Robertson, began practice of medicine in Hanover in 1857. Later he moved west but returned to Hanover in 1871 where he remained in the work of his chosen profession to the time of death, March 19, 1895. Dr. Robertson was born July 14, 1830.

Dr. Samuel J. Hole engaged in the practice of medicine in Hancver in 1867, continuing practically to the time of his death, February 9, 1903.

Dr. A. Cruikshank engaged in the practice of medicine in Hanover in the spring of 1904, remaining until the fall of 1805 when he located in Salem.

Dental Surgeons

First of the dental surgeons to engage in the practice of the profession in Hanover was Dr. Joseph Sultner. He left the harness bench in which trade he was engaged jin 1864 or 1865 to take up the study. He began practice in Hanover, remaining until his death, being most successful,

Dr. L. O. Frantz began the practice of the dental profession in Hanover in 1899, remaining three years, moving and locating in Alliance in 1902.