Hanover Township (part 2 of 29)

7, 1808, the accounts allowed were as follows: : John Dunn, appraiser iu Ross Township, 81.25; Isaac, j Stanley, attending at the clerk's office in canvassing and 1 certifying elections,. §1 ; John Vinnedge, attending at the 1 clerk's office iu canvassing and certifying elections, 81.50; , John McClellan, notifying John Vinnedge to attend at i the clerk's office to canvass and certify an election, 81; j John Frazer, collecting and paying over the county taxes i of Milford Township, 88.25; Thomas Gooch, one of the ; viewers of the road from the lands of Samuel MeCleary j to the northern boundary of the county, 83.40 ; James , Martin and Robert Barnhill, viewers, each, 83.40: Will- 1 iam Martin, chain-mau, 81.34; John Frazer, ckuiii-ri.au. ; 81.34; David Frazer, marker, one day, 67 cents; John Davis, marker, one day, 67 cents ; Henry' K. Jones, sur- \ veyiug, 84.50; John Iieily, clerk of the Board of Com- i missioners, $27.75.

and deposit with the clerk of the board within ten days the county treasurer's receipts; and that suits be instituted against ail delinquents who subscribed to pay either in cash, whisky, or grain, towards the public buildlugs for the use of the countv of Butler, including the

May' 2, 1808, accounts were allowed to James Dunn, associate judge, 819.50; Henry Weaver, associate judge, 819.50; Celadon Symmes, associate judge, 819.50; William Corry, attorney for prosecuting the pleas of the Suite, 827; James Mills, John Hamilton, Jr., Enoch Danford, Abner Enoch, James Ruglc-ss, Samuel Dickey, Moses Tegarden, John Thompson, William Web ster, Andrew Wilson, Joseph Worth, Isaac Wiles, John Coon. Wiiliam Tlayse, and Thompson Maxwell, grand jurors, each, 83.

Accounts were allowed at the meeting of June 6. 1808, to Amos Hawkins, 5 wolf-scalps, 85 ; George Myracle, wolf-scalp, 81 ; David Lee, 2 wolf-scalps, 82; John Patterson, damages sustained by the alteration of the road commonly called Wayne's trace, through his lauds as per report of the viewers, 813; David Beaty', coroner, tor the cost and charges of an inquest held on the dead body of Ambrose Lawrence, 810.90; Maxwell Purkisou, 8 wolf-scalps, 84.

At the August meeting, a statement of the probable general receipts and expenditures of the county of Butler, for the year 1808, was given. Probable receipts: County taxes, 81.396.29; land tax, the county moiety, 8122; tavern, store, and terry licenses, 8200; hue- end forfeitures, 839 ; arrears of county taxes for lv,7. 8130.99. Appropriations: Amount probably necessary to meet the orders which remained unsatisfied mi the second Monday in June, ISOS, S400; listers and otter j accounts liquidated sinc-e second Monday in June, 1808, j $145.62; fourth installment of the jailer's house, $345; associate judges' fees, $150; attorney, prosecuting the pleas of the State for the county, $80 ; clerk and sheriff, $50; giand jury's fees, $100; judges of elections, $40; wolf and. panther scalps, $40 ; viewers of roads and highways, $50; probable amount of the Board of Com- ; missioners, clerk, and stationery, $150; towards furnishing .the new jail, $300 ; collectors' and county treasurer's ! commissions, $200; contingent expenses and delinquen- 1 cues, $127.76. The following collectors were appointed ! to collect the county taxes: Fairfield, George Harlan, j 8306.249; Lemon, William Harvey, $323,825; Liberty, ! Thomas Hunt, $181,525 ; Milford, Robert Scott, $89.50; : Reily, John Price, 859.50; Ross, James Mahan, 8139.55; St. Clair, William Broderick, $160,536; Wayne, James j Barclay, $135.61. The following collectors of State ! taxes were appointed, and .having given bonds, etc., j were severally furnished with duplicates': Fairfield, j George Harlan, $186,194; Lemon, William Harvey, | $210,454; Liberty, Thomas Hunt, $141.55; Milford, ! Robert Scott, $19. lop -Ross, James Mahan, $73,748; St. | Clair, William Broderick, $49,655; Wayne, James Barclay, $55,535. Captain Isaac Wiles, for the soldiers ; to guard the jail in June and July, 1808, -'19.25 ; John Wingate, sheriff, services rendered the county, in- j eluding a portion of the annual allowance made by law, 1 to the sheriff for failures in State prosecutions, $70.50; William McClellan, late sheriff, proclaiming elections, j including a part of the annual allowance made by law to j the sheriff, for failures in State prosecutions, etc,, 824; John Reily, clerk of Butler Common Pleas, $35.50 ; John j Reily, clerk of the Board of Commissioners, in drawing i orders for roads and highways established by the Board ! of Commissioners, $33.

Accounts were allowed, September 5, 1808, to James Dunn, associate judge of Butler Common Pleas, $15; j Henry Weaver, associate judge, 815; Celadon Symines, j associate judge, $15; William Curry, attorney-at-law, | prosecuting the pleas of the State in Butler Common ! Pleas, 1808, $27 : Samuel Dick, John Dickson, Adam Dickey, Moses Vail, Michael Morningstar, J bn Fisher, Thomas Kyle, Benjamin Hawkins, John Withrow, John 1 Richardson, John Richmond, Henry Taylor, Thompson Maxwell, Samuel Davis, and John Morris, grand jurors, j each, $1.50; Robert Brown, constable, for attending the j grand jury, $1.50; Samuel Powell, appraiser in Lemon Township, 83.12 ; Robert Lytle, one of the viewers on the road beginning at the State Road between Ogle's and Stout's, thence to Greenwood's, 81.70 ; William Robison, viewer, $1 .7<> ; James Scott, viewer. $1.76; James 1 [eat on, surveyor, $3 ; Morton Irv in, chain-man, <17 cents ; Robert Crouse, chain-mail, 67 cents; John Kennedy, ax-man, 07 cents; John Reily, clerk of the Board of ( 'omnii-slonei'S, $65.25.

William Squire was requested to lay before the board, at their next meeting, a statement of what sums he has collected ou the subscription papers made toward the public buildings.

At the next meeting it was ordered that N illiam Squire have further time given, or until the first Monday of November next, to lay before the board a statement of the sums by him collected on the subscription paper made toward public buildings, and put into bis bands for collection; aud it was ordered that suit be again instituted against William Squire and bis bail, on their contract for building the jailer's house, etc.

At the meeting of November 7, 1808, it Avas ordered that there be allowed to the judges and clerks of elections the sum of 75 cents per day, and the sum of five cents per mile to the judge who returns the poll-book.

Amounts were allowed to John James, wolf-scalp, $1 ; Godfrey Waggoner, wolf-scalp. 81; J ohn "Wingate, sheriff, in part for locks, etc., furnished for the jail, 815.03; Ezekiel Ball, one of the judges at the October annual election in Lemon Township, and for returning the pollbooks, $2.90; John "Wingate, sheriff, for work done at the jail, 812.07.

December 6, 1808, accounts were allowed to the following persons: Hough, Blair & Co., for iron locks, nails, etc., furnished the sheriff for the use of the jail. 833.43; John Wingate, sheriff, plank furnished for the jail, making doors and hanging the same, $26.06; William McClear, iron furnished for the jail, 870: John Reily, clerk of the BAard of Commissioners, to making a duplicate of the State taxes, $29.75.

February 6, 1809, accounts were allowed to James Dunn, associate judge, 821 ; Henry Weaver, associate judge, 824 ; Celadon Bynames, associate judge, t21 ; William Corrv, prosecuting the pleas on behalf of the State, $27 ; David Beaty, Isaac Stanley, John Vinnedge, John McDonald, James Piper, John Morrow, Abraham Monton ey, John Kennedy, Ivnoles Shaw, Robert Win-ton, Samuel Ayres, John Craig, Matthew Hues ton, Solomon Line, and Thomas Hunt, grand jurors, each, 82.25: Robert Brown, constable, iu attending "U grand jury, $2.25; Ezekiel Ball, judge of the election for justice of the peace iu Lemon Township, 81.45; Joseph Lummis, judge of election, 75 cents; Gideon Long, judge of election, 75 cents; Daniel L. Pierce, clerk of election, 75 ccuts, James Bolis, clerk of election, 75 cents; Enoch Da nmol, judge of the election of justices of the peace in Wayne Township, $1.25; James Witherow, judge of election, 75 cents; James Staggs, judge of election, 75 cents; Moses Evans, clerk of the election for justices of the peace in Wayne Township, 75 cents; Isaiah Ore, clerk of election, 75 cents; Matthew llucstoii. attendance at the clerk's office to canvass and certify the election of justice of the peace, hold in Lemon Towmliip, $1; John Jollv, notifying Matthew Hucslon to attend at the clerk's office to canvass i and certify- the election tor justice of the peace in Lemon

Township, 75 cents; John Vinneclge, attending at the clerk's office to canvass and certify the election for justices of the peace in Wayne Township, SI ; James Mills, plank furnished for the court-room, $6; Hugh Blair & Co., a pair of andirons, shovel, and tongs, furnished for the use of the court-room, $5.68 ; Thomas Hunt, commission for collecting and paying over the State and county taxes of Liberty Township, $26.39 ; James Barclay, collecting and paying over the State and county taxes of Wayne Township, $16.59; William Harvey, collecting and paying over the State and county taxes of Lemon Township, $31.88; Nathaniel Belt, collecting and paying over the county' taxes of Wayne Township, $9.20; Aaron Southard, carpenter work done in the court-room, $18.

At the meeting of February 15, 1809, a request was made by William Squire, the undertaker of the jailer's house, for more money on the contract, and refused, suit x having been instituted by' the board.

March 7, 1809, accounts were allowed to Samuel Dick, for his services as one of the viewers of the road from Kossvilie to the west boundary of the county', opposite James Crooks's, $5.10 ; William Blackburn, viewer, $5.10; William Crooks, viewer, $5.10; James Heaton, surveyor, $8.50 ; Benjamin Davis and Cyrus Timbrul,

. chain-men, each, $2.68 ; Hampton Adkins, ax-man, $2.68; Samuel Dick, one of the viewers of the road from Wiliiams's mill, on Indian Creek, to the west boundary of the county', at the west side of section No. six. town four, of the first range, $4.25; William Blackburn and William Crooks, viewers, each, $4.25; -lames Heaton, surveyor, $7 ; Benjamin Davis and Cyrus Lambert, chain-men, each, $2.01 ; Hampton Adkins, axman, $2.01 ; John Y\ ingate, sheriff, two large locks, etc., procured for the jail of Butler County, $17.17.

Accounts wore allowed, April 10, 1809, to "William Wilson, a judge of the election for justice of the peace in Lemon Township, held 3d April, 1809, for returning the poll-book, $1.45; Joseph A\ illiamson and 'Squire Little, udges of election, each, 75 cents; Joseph Worth and Amos Sewell, clerks of election, each, 75 cents ; John E. Scott, for his services as a judge, at the election of justice of the peace held in Milford Township, 3d April, 1809, and for returning the poll-book, 81.30; Conrad Dow and William Ogle, judges of election, each 75 cents; Matthew Richardson and Joseph Steele, clerks of election, each, 75 cents; George Myracle, wolf-scalp, $1; Nathan Griffith, for a large lock made tor the jail of Butler County, $16; William Squire, in part of the fourth installment fi r building vise jailer's house, $150; John Wingate, sheriff of Butler County, for dieting and guarding, etc., John Cummins, a prisoner, lately confiued in the jail of Butler County, $04.15; John Reiiy, dork of the Board of Commissioners. $10.50.

May' 1, 1808, accounts were allowed to James Dunn, associate judge, $18 - Henry Weaver, associate judge; $18 ; Celadon Sy mines, associate judge, $18 ; William Corry, attorney, for prosecuting the pleas of the State in. Butler Common Pleas, 1807, $27; Arthur St. Clair and Jacob Burnett, attorneys, for prosecuting the pleas of the State, Butler Common Pleas and Supreme Court, against Cornelius Cummins, $16; James Heaton, 'Squire Little, Benjamin Van Cleif, Robert Brown, Isaac S. Swearingin, Michael Ayres, William Smith, Solomon Ilittle, Ebenezer Paddocks, William Mirchel, Joseph Walker, Thomas Hunt, John Yinncdge, Thompson Maxwell, aud John

Josiah Conklin, constable, for attending the grand jury, $2.25; Benjamin Davis, making hinges and spikes for the jail, $19.45; John Wingate, in part on account of work and materials found, etc., for the completing the jail, $134.44.

Accounts were allowed on the meeting of June 5, 1809, to David Beaty, coroner, for holding an inquest on the- dead body of Baldwin Moore, on the 19th March, 1809. $13.30.

June 17, 1809, it was ordered, by and with the assent of William Squire, that the suit now pending in the Butler Common Pleas between the Board of Commissioners, plaintiffs, and William Squire and his sureties, on the contract for building the jailer's house, finding the materials, etc., be submitted to reference.

Accounts were allowed at the next meeting, that of July 3, 1809, to George Harlan, as lister and appraiser of houses in Fairfield Township, $27.50; James Heaton, appraiser of houses in Fairfield Township, $6.25 ; Robert Ferris, lister and appraiser of houses in Lemon Township, $30.62; Abner Enoch, appraiser of houses iu Lemon Township, $4.37 ; Thomas Hunt, lister and appraiser of houses io Liberty Township, $24; Michael Ayres, appraiser of houses in Liberty' Township, $1.25 ; Robert Young, lister and appraiser of houses in Milford Township, $8.75; James Martin, appraiser of houses in Milford Township, $1.25; John Price, lLtor and appraiser of houses in Reilv Township, $7.50; William Broderick, lister aud appraiser of houses in St. Clair Township, $12.50; Adam Heath, appraiser of houses in St. ( lair Township, $1.25; Nathaniel Bell, lister an ! appraiser of houses in Wayne Township, $11.45; Jonathan Staggs, appraiser of houses in Wayne Township, $2.50; Peter Williamson, one of the judges of the election for justices of the peace in Liberty Township, and returning the pollbook of the same, $1.75; Daniel Nelsou, cue of the judges of election. $1 ; Joseph Cox. judge of election, $1 ; John Freeman, clerk of election, $1 ; Thomas Fish, clerk of electiou, $1; William- Squire, fourth installment i'ur building the jailer's house, $194.34.

It was ordered that notice should he given, bv nu'-'ieation in the Whig aud Lib'-rUj Hull, to all tims,- D o were in arrears with the countv of Butler ou their su!>- scriptious made to assist in erecting public buildings. t.> come forward and deposit the same with Isaac Stanley, of Hamilton, or confess a judgment before him for the same before the first day of August next, and that suits be immediately instituted against all those who should fail to comply with the foregoing requisition.

Receipts. - Amount of the county taxes, 81,507.58; j one-third part of the State or land tax, 8288 ; store, j tavern, and ferry license, 8200; fines and forfeitures, j 820 ; arrears of taxes in the collectors' hands, for the j year 1808, 8240.82.

Appropriations.- - Amount probably necessary to pay j for the orders drawn (outstanding) previous to the second j Monday in June, 1809, 8300; amount of orders drawn since the second Monday in June, 1809, 8304.12: probable amount of the associate judges' fees, 8160; attorney for the State, 880; clerk and sheriff, 880; grand jury's fees. 8120- judges and clerks of elections, S70; wolves' and panthers' scalps, $40; viewers, etc., of roads and highways, 850; Board of Commissioners, their clerk, stationery, etc., 8175; collectors' and county treasurer's commissions, 8200 ; necessary to be expended on the jail, contingent expenses and delinquencies, 8647.28.

- Accounts were allowed William Broderick, commission for collecting and paying over the county taxes of St. Clair 'Township, 815.83; John Wingate, sheriff of Butler County, for materials furnished and work done in completing the jail of Butler County, including dieting criminals and the annual allowance, made by law, for failures in State prosecutions, 8281.23; John Roily, clerk of Butler Common Pleas, 846.12; William Murray, one of the judges of the election of justice of the peace, | in Fairfield Township, 81 ; David Beaty, judge of elec- j tion, 81 ; Thomas W. Spencer, judge of election, 81 ; j James Heaton, clerk of election, 81 ; William Doty, j clerk of election, 81 ; William Caldwell, judge of the j election held for electing two justices of the peace, St. : Clair Township, on August 3, 1809, and returning the ! poll-book, 81.75; George Huffman, judge of election, 81; Robert Win ton, judge of election, 81; Jererny Beaty, clerk of election, 81 ; John Taylor, clerk of election, 81; Christopher L eler, wolf-scalp, 81; Joe Collins, wolf-scalp, 81.

The following persons were appointed to collect the county taxes : Fairfield, George Harlan, 8332.442; Lemon, William Harvey, 8370.897 ; Liberty, Thomas Hunt, 8176.425; Milford, Robert Young, 894.20; Reily, Jolm Price, 871.80; Ross, James Donning, 8141. 50; St. Clair, William Broderick, 8169.261; Wayne, Nathaniel Bell, 8142.06.

The tallowing persons were appointed to collect the State taxes: Fa it field, George Harlan, 8158.207; Lemon, William Ilarvey, 8602.051; Liberty, Thomas Hunt, 8160.387; Milford, Robert Young, 881.535 ; Reily, John Price, 818. 18; Ross, James Dunning, 859.308; St. Clair,

September 4, 1809, accounts were allowed as follows: James Dunn, associate judge of Butler Common Pleas, $15; Henry Weaver, 815; Celadon Symmes, 89; William Corry, attorney for the State in Butler Common Pleas, 827; James Smith, Samuel Kennedy, John Caldwell, John Baker, Hendrick Lane, Tobias Barkalow, John Fisher, Thomas Irwin, John Dunn, Robert Morehead, Joseph Hough, Samuel Davis, Thompson Maxwell, Henry Taylor, and James Pierce, grand jurors, each, $1.50; Daniel Salle, constable, for attending grand jury in Butler Common Pleas, 81.50.

Proceedings From 1S13 To 1S19

January '3, 1814, Matthew Richardson took his seat as county commissioner, having been appointed to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of John Wingate. His associates were James Blackburn and William Robison.

February 7, ordered that Jolm Scott, contractor of the new court-house, be allowed to collect the subscriptions of stone, brick, timber, lime, mechanical work, labor, etc., as reported by committee on subscriptions, July 18, 1803. The bond of David Beaty, of 82,000. indorsed by David Beaty, David Brant, and Samuel Miller, for the faithful discharge of the- former's duties as coroner, recorded.

May 2, John Richmond, road commissioner, was allowed 86.75, in full for bis $< rvices in the repair of the road from the forks of the State road at Knox & Iseminger's mill to Hielay's mill.

June 6, the commissioners appointed John Reilv clerk, Hugh Wilson treasurer, and Richard Scott, collector of State or land taxes, the treasurer's remuneration to be three per centum.

August 1, the board made their yearly estimate of the probable receipts and expenditures ot the county as follows: Receipts - From county taxes, 82.300 ; land taxes, 8350; store, tavern, and ferry licens1'?, 8300; cash in treasury, taxes, fines, and debts due tc the county over [ and above the sum of 81,250 heretofore appropriated for i building court-house, 81,275.50; total, 84,425.50. Expenditures - A-^hLUc judges. 8220; State uttoruev, 881; clerk and sherilf, dieting prisoners in iuil, 8100; grand jury and constables, 8100; judges and clerks of | elections, 8ln0; viewers of mads, 875; comiiil.-sionef.', clerk, and stationery, 6200; listers and appraisers of prop- ! erty, §153.01 ; collectors and county treasurer, 6300 ; I orders drawn by commissioners not yet presented for pay- 1 jnent, §150 ; to be paid towards new court-house, §1.500 ; j to. meet delinquencies arid contingent expenses, §1,275.99; total, §4,4L'5.50. ...

May 1, 1815, the commissioners' agreed to have but two windows in the north end of court-house, first floor j (instead of four), and three in the second floor (instead | of five).

August 7, the estimates of the year's receipts and ex- j pendi tares were made as follows : Receipts, §4,809 ; expenditures, §4,809; allowing §2,000 to run the courthouse, and $1,393.17 for contingent expenses.

January 1, 1810, it was ordered that the sheriff should keep in repair the jailer's house (the court-room included), without any compensation, excepting only the use thereof i for the accommodation of the jailer.

August 5, the estimates of receipts and expenditures j for the current year shows a falling off over the pre- | yious year as follows : Receipts, §4,236.90 ; expenditures,

August 4th, James McBride, for duties as sheriff for previous year and for money expended in erecting a tenement near court-!) ouse, §89.42.

April 4, 1818. a bridge teas ordered built over Twcniile Creek, north of Rossville, at an expense ox §100; also a bridge across Elk Creek at Milton vibe, to cost §40.

June 18th, Britton Moore was appointed to layout §20 on the improvement of the county road from Belch's tavern to the east boundary of the county on the wav to Lebanon. Moore was appointed in- the place of Joseph

November 4, Joseph Henderson took his seat as commissioner, having been re-elected. Daniel Mi Hi ken, associate judge, having presented an account of §102, for duties, such as allowing writs of habeas co-rpm, examining bills in equity, allowing writs of injunction, etc., which was not allowed by the Board of Commissioners, gave notice of an appeal to the Court of Common Pleas.

January 6, 1817, ordered that the Public Square be inclosed with a board fence, open work, and that there j be left off from each end four poles, on the north side j one pole, and that the south side be on a line with the j jail and jailer's house, and that Hugh Wilson be the agent : to purchase the materials and make the contract for in- J c osing the same.

March 3, Daniel Keyt agrees to inclose the Public ! Square at the rare of §1.25 per panel, and §5 for mak- j icg three gates, one in front of each door of the court- > house, the materials to be furnished by the Board of i Commissioners.

John E, Scott was voted §1,000 over and above the original contract price for building the court-house, he having shown that he expended that sum necessarily.

March 1st, it being found that the moneys then in the treasury, together with the moneys due to the county, and which money it was expected would be collected, would be sufficient to defray the ordinary expenses of the county for that year, it was, therefore, ordered that no tax under the act entitled An act regulating county levies" be levied on the county for the year, and that notice thereof he given to the listers by publication in the 'Miami IF raid.

We end our quotations with the year 1819. Enough has been given to show how inexpensively the wheels of government turned in the early part of the century, and with how little power men could he con trolled. Ohio came forth into the world a full-fledged commonwealth, the fiut known iu history. It was Minerva bin.-Mu g full-armed from the brain of Jupiter. Yet every thing moved smoothly.

The reader Mill notice some tilings that sound oddly I enough. The court was obliged to omit its sessions until a stove could be hired by the sheriff ; subscriptions were taken for the public buildings in labor, whiskv, provisions, or money; wolves were an object of so much fear that a premium was offered for their destruction, i and laying out a new road was one of the commonest j occurrences. It may interest those who know at what i rate we now pay our public servants, to see how frugally 1 judges of election, judges, sheriffs, and clerks were paid, j There were no expenses worth considering for the poor j or for the vicious; no charge for lunatics; the coroner's ! bills light, and schools were not in existence.

The Earliest Account Of The Miami Country

The earliest account we have of the Miami country is from the pen of Dr. Daniel Drake, a learned and successful practitioner of medicine in Cincinnati, who wrote j a book descriptive of that city and the Miami country in | 1815. He had evidently devoted much time and aiten- i tion to the subject, and, as far as we may judge at this j length of time, his accounts were accurate.

" The south-west corner of the State of Ohio," writes | Dr. Drake, "is watered chiefly by two rivers, called the Great and Little Miamis. Their general course is south- ! west; their medium distance apart, twenty miles.

"The Great Miami is about one hundred and thirty yards wide for forty miles from its mouth ; its headwaters, between forty and forty-four degrees north latitude, interlock with the Massassinaway, a branch of the Wabash, the Auglaize and St. Mary, branches of the | Maumee, and the Scioto. It has generally a rapid current, but no considerable falls. It flows through a wide I and fertile valley, which, in Spring and Autumn, is liable to partial inundation. Its principal tributary streams on the west are Loramie's Creek, which joins it about one ! hundred and thirty miles from its mouth ; Stillwater, which enters it about fifty miles below; and 'Whitewater, which it receives within seven miles of t he Ohio. The first of these i3 navigable for batteaux nearly twenty miles, and in this respect is superior to the others. On the east side Mad River only is deserving of notice. This beautiful stream originates in a pond on the Indian boundary of 1795, and. glides through a tract finely diversified with prairie and woodland. It is too shallow | for navigation, hut at all times furnishes water enough j for the largest mills. Its mouth is nearly opposite that of Stillwater, and immediately above the town of Dayton. ; From ibis place to tin Great Miami it is navigable, in moderate freshets, for keel and flat-bottom boats; in high J floods the same navigation may he bait from Loramio's j Greek; hut the frequent formation of new bars by the | drifting of sand and gravel renders the navigation, even near its mouth, difficult in low water. This river has a number of islands. The largest is two miles above the town of Hamilton. It was formed, since the settlement of that place, by a portion of the river enlarging a millrace which ran into one of its branches, called Sevenmile. Wear the village of Troy is a group of about twenty more, the principal of which is nearly threequarters of a mile long. The valley of the river, at this place, is a mile wide, and the banks are low and loose. The current among the islands is rapid, but the navigation is not entirely obstructed."

"This county lies west of the one last described (Warren), and to the north of Hamilton. The Great Miami traverses it diagonally. The soil of the north-east and south-west quarters is said to he generally poor ; that of the south-east and north-west fertile.

the seat of justice, is situated twenty-five miles north -north-east of Cincinnati, ou the east bank of the Miami. Its site is elevated, extensive, and beautiful; but near it, to the south, is a pond which has contributed much to the injury of health. The materials for building are neither very plentiful nor excellent. Good timber can not be had nearer than the neighboring hills ; the limestone in the bed of the river is indifferent, but some better quarries have been opened in the uplands; the brick-clay vet discovered is inferior, abounding in fragments of limestone. The dwelling-houses, about seventy in number, are chiefly of wood ; well-water is obtained at the depth of twenty-five feet.

" This town was laid ofl' about the year 1794, and incorporated in 1810. The donations for public use are a square near the center of the village, tor county purposes, and another for a church and cemetery. Its onlv public building is a stone jail. It has a post-office, an office for the collection of taxes on non-residents' lands in the western part of the State, and a printing-office, which issues a newspaper called the Miami Intdtigcncer.

"Kossville, lying on the west side of the river, opposite to Hamilton, is a small place. Middletown, ou the road from Hamilton to Franklin, is situated east of tie river. Like most of the villages in tire Miami country, it has a post-office. Oxford, in the western part of the county, has less population and improvement but more notoriety than either of them, from having been fixed on as the seat of a university. The laud is held in trust by the Legislature, which, in 1810, enacted a law directing the lots to be disposed of on leases for nim tv-nine years, renewable forever, at the rate of six per cent per annum on the purchase-money, to be paid annuallv. Iiciuu on the frontier of the mate, and almost surrounded hv forest instead of cultivated country, it has received but little attention." miles of Cincinnati, at this time*" he e-ays, " the prices of good unimproved laud are between fifty and one hundred and fifty dollars per acre, varying according to the distance. From this limit to the extent of twelve miles they decrease from thirty to tea. Near the principal villages of the Miami country it commands from twenty to forty dollars; in remoter situations it is from four to eight dollars - improvements in all cases advancing the price from twenty-five to one hundred per cent. An average for the settled portions of the Miami country, still supposing, the land' fertile and uncultivated, may be stated at eight dollars ; if cultivated, at twelve.

"Of tracts that had the same local advantages, those alluvial or bottom lands that have been recently formed command the best price. The dry and fertile prairies are esteemed of equal value. Next to these are the uplands, suppprting hack berry, pawpaw, honey locust, sugar-tree, and the different species of hickory, walnut, ash, buckeye, and elm. Immediately below these, in the scale of value, is the level "clothed in beech timber, while that producing white and black oak chiefly commands the lowest price of all.

"These were not the prices in 1812.; the war, by promoting immigration, having advanced the nominal value of land from twenty-five to thirty per cent.

" The agriculture of this, as of other new countries, is not of the best kind. Too much reliance is placed on the extent and fertility of their fields by the farmers, who, in general, consider them a substitute fur good tillage. They frequently plant double the quantity they can properly cultivate, and thus impoverish their lands and suffer them to become infested with briars and noxious weeds. The preservation of the forests of a country should be an object of attention in e very stage of its settlement; and it would be good policy to clear and plant no more land in a new country than can be well cultivated.

"The most valuable timber trees are the white flowering locust, white, black, lowland chestnut and burroaks, black walnut, wild cherry, yellow poplar, blue and white ash, mulberry, honey locust, shell-bark hickory, coffee-nut and beech ; all of which, except the first, are common throughout the Miami country. Many other species, such as the sweet buckeye, sassafras, sugar-tree, reed maple, tinder-tree, and. box-elder, are seldom used for timber; but are of great value in the mechanical arts. Experience has shown that the timber of the Western country is softer, weaker, and less durable than that of -he Atlantic States ; which is no doubt owing to its more rapid growth in a fertile, calcareous soil and humid atmosphere.

"The most elegant flowering trees and shrubs are the following which excel in the order of choir enumeration: Dogwood, red-hud, white flowering locust, crabapple, honeysuckle, black haw, the different species of r"'""s, plums, and haws, the buckeyes and yellow poplar,-

" The beech, white _oak, sugar-tree, and some kinds i of walnut, hickory, and ash, are the most numerous of j any trees in the Miami country. The flowering locust, I abundant in Kentucky and. along the Ohio, is rarely j found more than twenty miles north of that river. The j .chestnut, persimmon, fox- grape, and mountain chestnut ! oak, are still scarcer."

The following are given by the author as a catalogue j of the forest trees then known to exist. Michaux, he j says, names ninety kinds of trees iu the United States ! which grow above forty feet in heigh:, while iu the ! Miami country there are forty-five which attain to that j | elevation. According to the same authority, there are, j 1 in the Union, ninety species which rise above sixty feet ; I in this quarter there are at least an equal number which j grow to that height. "Hence, it appears that the soil; of this tract," remarks the doctor, "is superior to that of the United States generally, for it affords as many trees 1 above sixty feet in height as all the States taken together, | j while it has only half the number of species." Here is!

March 9th, commons bccomiug green; 1'kh, buds of the water maple beginning to open; buds of the lilac I beginning to open; 11th, buds of the weeping willow be- : ginning to open; 12tii, buds of the gooseberry beginning to open; 16th, buds of the honeysuckle beginning to open; 30th, buds of the peach-tree beginning to open; radishes, peas, and tongue-grass planted' in the open air.

April 12th, peach-tree in full dower; buds of the privet beginning to open; 19th, buds of the cherry tree beginning to open; red currants beginning to flower; 22d, buds of the flowering locust beginning to open; lilac in full flower; 24th, apple-tree in full flower; 28th, dogwood in full flower.

June 8th, cherries' beginning to ripen; raspberries beginning to ripen ; 10th, strawberries beginning to ripen ; red currants beginning to ripen; 28th, bay harvest.

July 8th, rye harvest begun; 14th, wheat harvest begun; 16th, blackberries ripe; 19th, unripe Indian corn in market; 22d, Indian corn generally in flower; 25th, oat harvest.

[ township intended originally to be reserved in Syrnmes's j purchase. In pursuance of this law, the Legislature of i Ohio, April 15, 1803, appointed Jacob White, Jeremiah j Morrow, and William Ludlow commissioners to locate a i college township, which was done in due time, they selecting what is now known as Oxford Township, Butler County, being an entire township of thirty-six sections, except section 25, and the west half of sections 11, 14,

On the 17th of February, 1809, the Legislature of j Ohio chartered the Miami University, and vested . the ' proceeds of the township in the hands of the piesident | and trustees; and appointed Alexander Campbell, Rev. j James lvill burn, and Rev. Robert Wilson commissioners to select a suitable and permanent site for the university. The commissioners knowing that, in conformity to the grant made by Congress, the purchasers of land from Judge Symmes who located high up the Miami Rivers had an equal claim with those on the. Ohio River regulated their conduct accordingly. They, therefore, in their

Miami University

The Miami University is situated in the town of Oxford, and at one time was the leading school of higher education in the 'West. It derives its permanent endowment from a township of land, six miles square, situated in the north-west corner of Butler County, being located on the west side of the Great Miami River, in lieu of a township of land which had been originally granted bv Congress for the endowment of an "academy and other seminaries of learning" iu Syrnmes's purchase between the Miami Rivers.

Judge Symmes had, in liis published "terms of sale," made a reservation (among others) of a township of laud "to be given perpetual!) for the pm poses of an academy entire township may be found eligible iu point of soil and J situation, to be applied to the intended object by the j Legislature of the State." Notwithstanding this published , reservation. Judge Symmes and associates, in actual prao- ! tine, disposed of their land as though there had been no j reservation for college purposes, whether knowingly or iiwt. The settlers, fearing that they would lose the vide endowment, petitioned Congress to grant them an entire I township, and the result of these application* moved ir to pass a law, March 3, 1803, giving a township of : land or; the west side of the Great Miami River, within | view for a proper site, looked at Dayton, Yellow Springs, Hamilton, Lebanon, and Cincinnati. By the act -'-barreling the university, it was prescribed that it should bs located in "that part of the country known as John Cieves Syrnmes's purchase," and that the com.nL-don.eiU for locating the university should hold their first meeting at Lebanon, Warren County. -At the time appointed far the meeting of the commissioners, the Rev. Robert U ikon was detained at home by sickness. The other commissioners attended, and having examined all the places presented for their consideration, they selected the town of Lebanon, Warren County, as the seat of the university, j and made their report accordingly to the Legislature.

It was then generally considered that the scat of the j university was unalterably fixed, although many from other places were greatly disappointed; but at the next session of the Legislature a proposition was brouirbt forward by Mr. Cooper, of Dayton, to establish the university on the College Township, without the 8;. anno purchase, The law appointing the locating commissioners required that three should act. and as one was absent, the Legislature set aside the selection at Lebanon, and established the site of Miami University where it now is, at Oxford.

The first meeting of the Board of Trustees was held at Lebanon, on the seventh day of June, 1809. The trustees proseut were John Bigger and Iclmhod B. II. Key, cf Warren County ; Benjamin Whiteman, of 1 ireern* 1 unv : -James Brown, of Miami County; Benjamin Nan Clove, of Montgomery Comity ; Thomas Irvin, of Butler t Runty ; and John Riddle, of Hamilton County. John Bigger

A committee was appointed to contract with a surveyor > to subdivide the college lands into lots of five or six to ; utch section, to be laid off as nearly equal as the situation \ of the land, water-courses, and situations for building : would admit; and to make out seven complete plats and i field-notes of the survey (one for the trustees of each > county in the Miami purchase), for which the surveyor j was to be paid §2 per mile for all new lines to be run and marked. To this position James Heaton, of Butler County, was appointed.

The second meeting of the trustees was held at Ham- i ilton, on the first Monday of March, 1810, William Bud- i low, John Roily, and Ogden Ross attending, but adjourn- i ing from day to day until the 26th of March, when the \ following trustees were present: William Corrv, James j Findlay, Thomas Irvin, William Ludlow, John Roily, j John Riddle, Ogden Ross, James Shields, and Joseph i Vanhorne. Daniel Synunes appeared next day. The board was organized by the appointment of Joseph Van- : borne as president, and John Reily, secretary, pro ton. j

They passed an ordinance to regulate the leasing of j the lands of the university. This provided that not more : than one-third of the farm lots should be offered fur lease j at any one time, and at a price not less than 82.50 per ; acre. It also provided for laying out the town of Oxford, and directed that not more than one-half of the lots should j be ottered for sale. Ro' in-lot should be sold for less than I -81 6.66§. The- lot was to be subject to a quit-rent of six ; per cent on the amount of the purchase money, payable J annually forever. The four-acre lots were not to be sold ! for less than So per acre, on the same conditions as the j in-lots.

The board appointed a committee consisting of Messrs, j Ludlow, Irvin, Ross, Reily, and Vanhorne to select a j suitable tract of one mile square on which to lay out the j town of Oxford, to designate the lots and lands to be ! first offered for sale, and to select certain reser nitidis.

Ihe committee proceeded to the college lands, and, j after two days spent in the examination, selected the j south-east quarter of section 22, the south-west quarter of section 23, the north-west quarter of section 26, and the north-east quarter of section 27 of the college lands as the site of the town of Oxford. On this site the first portion of the town of Oxford was laid oui by James j Heaton. It consisted of one hundred and twenty-eight m-lots, ten poles in length by four poles in width ; the streets <ix poles in width, and alleys one pole wide; and forty out-lots of four acres each. .It the first sale there Wore to be offered only the odd numbers of the lots in the ; town of Oxford, and the lands of the two tiers of sec- j tarns from south to north, which included the town. !

The first sale was held at the court-house in Hamilton, on the 22d and 23d days of May, 1810, under the superintendence of the president, secretary, and treasurer, where there were lots and lands sold to the following amount: 29 in-lots in the town of Oxford, for 8560.86; 20 out, or four acre lots, for $495.75; 7 1 country or farming lots . of land, at the average price of $3.75 per acre, $28,423.64; total, $29,480.25. The lots and land thus bid off on those days alone would have yielded an annual revenue to the institution of $1,168.81, had the purchasers complied with the conditions of sale; but many of the purchasers, residents of various parts of the State of Ohio, as well as of other States, actuated by motives of speculation, or other motives equally injurious to the prosperity of the institution, attended the sale and bid off lots, and neither before nor after the sale went even to explore the situation of the lands which they purchased. As no payment in advance, or other security, was required, it could only be known who were bona fide purchasers after the lapse of a year, when the payment of the interest became due. Of the farming lots bid off, forty-seven were forfeited, and eighteen in-lots and twelve out-lots were afterward forfeited to the institution. This provision, however, was not enforced until the year 1814.

Previous to the day of sale it had been discovered that there was a discrepancy of nearly two thousand acres in the quantity of land in the township according to the survey made by Mr. Heaton, the surveyor appointed by the Board of Trustees, with the survey of the same township made by the surveyor-general. It was therefore made a condition that the. lots of land should be subject to a re-survev and measurement, to ascertain the true quantity each contained.

The next meeting of the Board of Trustees was held at Cincinnati, on the second day of June, when, on motion of James Findlay, it was resolved that the president of the board call on Jared Mansfield, surveyor-general, and request him to nominate a skillful surveyor to survey and measure the boundary lines of the Miami College township, and calculate the quantity of land, making report to the Board of Trustees, in order that if any deficiency existed application might be made for an additional grant. The surveyor-general acceded to their request, and appointed William Harris, surveyor, to perform that duty, with John Hall and William Spencer chain-carriers.

On the twenty-third day of Juno, 1810, the Board of Trustees again convened at Cincinnati, when the report of Mr. Harris, the surveyor, was received, by which it appeared that the township contained its full quantity of land. According to his survey there was twenty-three thousand, four iituuln. i and seven ty-ono and thirteen-hundredths acres-. On this report being received James Hcaron was requested to re-survey and measure all the iiues of the farming lots of land by him heretofore laid off, making a complete plat of it. It Mr Heuiou should decline, the president was authorized to employ some other j surveyor. However, Mr. Heaton complied with the request of the hoard, and made a remeasurement. That previously done was found to be erroneous. At this I meeting the. board directed that the next sale of the university lands should be held at Hamilton, on the twentyeighth day of August, 1810.

At this meeting the Rev. John W. Browne was appointed an agent to solicit and receive donations for the Miami University. He was to receive fifty dollars a month and his expenses. lie set out on his mission on the fourth day of January; 1811, and returned to Cincinnati on the third of August, 1812. During his mission he collected about two thousand five hundred dollars in money and received a number of books. Mr. Browne was drowned shortly after his return from his mission, before he had an opportunity of meeting the Board of Trustees and settling his accounts with them. The books were sent to Cincinnati, and there remained until the latter part of October, 1817, when they were recei ved from the administrator of Mr. Browne by a committee appointed by the trustees for that purpose. The executors had for a long time tried to get rid of them. The com- ^ in it we selected such of the books as they deemed proper i 'fora college library. One hundred and eighteen volumes were sold to the Cincinnati Circulating Library Society ! at seventy-five cents per volume, amounting to $88.56. \ The rest of the books were sent to auction and disposed ; of to the best advantage. They brought 8382.64, from !

which, after deducting expenses of sale, storage, and con- | tingent expenses, there remained to the credit of the university, including the sum due from the library society, the sum of 8371.86.

into two apartments, and lived with his family in one apartment and taught bis school in the other. In 1824 the trustees had a second story of logs put on the. building, and converted it into a dwelling for the Lev. Robert H. Bishop, the first president. Mr. Bislrop continued to live in this building until about 1830, when it was occupied by the janitor. In 1864 it was a stable.

On the fifth day of November, 1813, William Ludlow resigned his office as president, and John lUily was appointed in his room. In November, 1813, Stephen Minor was appointed collector.

The trustees of the Miami University having resolved to erect a building for the use of the college, a committee, consisting of the Ilcv. Matthew G. Wallace, a Presbyterian preacher, then of Hamilton : Dr. Daniel Millikiu, a physician, of Hamilton; and Benjamin Van Cleve, Esq., of Dayton, clerk of the Court of Montgomery County, was appointed to superintend the erection and completion of the building.

Early in the Spring of the year 1816, a plat of ground in the university square having been cleared off of ail timber, brush, and rubbish, Mr. Wallace ana Dr. MiHikin, two of the committee, attended at Oxford, and caused James M. Dorsey to measure and mark rue foundation of the building. The ground for the foundation having been leveled and prepared, and Mr. Vail and the other contractors to perform the mason work being present, on the tenth day of April, 1816, at the. request of the building committee, James M. Dorsey laid the first corner-stone of the west wing of the Miami University. It was placed about eighteen or twenty inches below r.he

In 1820 the books reserved for the college library were sent to Oxford and placed in a room of the college building. Some time afterwards the door of the room was- broken open and a number of the books carried off. The amount that reached the treasury of the university, as the fruits of his itinerant labors, was 8849.86.

At a meeting of the Board of Trustees held at Hamilton on the twelfth and thirteenth days of February, 1811, an ordinance was passed fur the erection of a school j bouse in the town of Oxford, and one hundred and fifty j dollars appropriated for that purpose. Afterwards one j hundred and sixty dollars was appropriated for the com- j pletiou of the building. The house was erected in the j university square, west of where the uniiu college edifice now stands. It was a structure of hewed logs twenty feet wide by thirty odd feet long, one story high, with a clapboard roof. It bad a. fireplace and chimney at each end, built of rough stones. The building was designed (for file time being) to be u.vd by the citizens of the town- | ship for an English school. The citizen.' of Oxlbnl selected Janies M. Dorsey for their teacher, and in Do- i comber, 1811, lie moved into the building. He had a par- J tition run through the middle of the house, dividing it !

surface of the ground. According to the original plan, there was to be a center building, with wings on the east and on the west, each wing to be eighty feet long. The building then contracted for was intended to be the oneludf of the west wing. Skil nan Alger was the carpenter. As soon as the necessary fu Ms could be raised the Board of Trustees applied them to the erection of a building for the institution. Iu 1818, a building fifty-six feet bv forty feet, and three stories high, was erected as part of a wing.

A grammar school was then opened. The Rev. Janies Hughes was appointed teacher, at a salary of five hundred dollars per year tuition fees, and house rent, and the school went into operation on the fir^t Tuesday of November, 1818, and was continued until April, 1821 - shortly after which Mr. Hughes died. This happened on the second day of May following, and the school was discontinued. The course of instruction pursued was principally confined to the Latin and < beck languages.

During tins time the Board of Trustees directed their revenue, after detiaying the expenses of the grammarschool, to the erection ot an additional building; and iu 3'V_'4 a Imilding sixty feet front by eightv-.'ix feet deep,

Mia Mi University

October 5, 1820, Ebenezer Cross was appointed collector, and an ordinance was- passed requiring the offices ,,f secretary and treasurer to be held in the town of Oxford from and after the first day of January, 1821. Edward Newton was appointed secretary and Merrikiri Bond treasurer. On the first day of January, 1821, the offices of secretary and treasurer were removed from Hamilton to the town of Oxford; June 20, 1822, Joel Collins was appointed secretary of the Miami University; October 5, 1823, "Skilman Alger appointed collector; April 7, 1824, David Purvianee appointed president of the Board id' Trustees.

At a meeting of the board on the sixth day of July. I 1824, the Rev. 'Robert II. Bisla >p was appointed president of the Miami University, with a salary of . one thou-, sand dollars per' year, and the occupancy of the mansion house free from rent. William Sparrow was appointed tutor of languages, with a salary of five hundred dollars per year. The price of tuition in the grammar-school was fixed at five dollars, and in the college at ten dollars, per session, to be paid in advance.

September 15, 1824, John Annan, of Baltimore, was appointed professor of mathematics and natural philosophy, with a salary of seven hundred dollars per annum. James M. Dorsey was appointed treasurer in the room of Merrikin Bond, resigned. September 15, 1824. James Crawford was appointed collector.

In the year 1822 an effort was made to remove the university to Cincinnati, and make it a part of the Cincinnati College, and for that purpose a bill was introduced by Mr. Williams, of Cincinnati, having fur its object the removal. When the news of the bill reached Oxford, Mr. Joel Collins, a warm friend of the university, and at that time a member of the Legislature, furnished a copy of the | bill and other papers, in relation to its passage; and the ! lessees of the university lands held a meeting, of which , James M. Dorsey was chairman and David Morris seere- 1 tary. This meeting appointed a committee, consisting of Rev. Moses Crum o, William Ludlow, Rev. Spencer Clack, j James M. Dorsey, Dr. James R. Hughs, David Morris, | Charles N ewhall, Edward Newton, and Abraham I. Chit- ! tendon, to prepare and forward to the Legislature a pro- 1 h 't against, and to exhibit the injustice as well as the impolicy of, removing of attempting to remove the university from its present site. This committee also prein red and published "An Address to the Inhabitants of M mmes's Purchase." ars. There was no restriction upon the powers of the L gi.'lature , they were ample and conclusive. The only 'piestiuus were as to the good faith to be shown to the inhabitants of Isymmess purchase, and as to the conduct i and well-being of the college. The purchase of Judge Symmes, as originally intended, was seventy miles long by twenty miles wide. It was impossible at that day, and would now he, for many persons to live so near the university that they could board their children at home.

It was estimated that not more than one in fifty could possibly he near enough for that purpose. The other forty-nine fiftieths wished the school where it might he the strongest and its expenses the least. Oxford offered them advantages more striking than any other place.

In the first place, Symmes had not fulfilled his agreement. He bad promised the people who settled on bis lands a full township for university purposes, but instead of living up to his promises, -he went on selling until he could not have given bn any township four sections of good land, much less thirty-six. He made no donation for this purpose; but, on the contrary, the land which is now the property of the Miami University is the gift of the United States Government. There consequently existed no contract between the dwellers on Symmes's amt and the trustees of the college.

The township of Oxford, by a happy chance, was nearly entirely unoccupied when the gift was made to flic State of Ohio. It was favorably situated for leasing. Its grounds were high and salubrious; its natural productiveness was great. It was no further from the Miami River, the great natural highway of the pioneers of tieregion, than. Lebanon. Nearly all of the members of the Legislature from the purchase, in 1809, were in favor of the location at Oxford. Those from Hamilton County were unanimous.

By placing the university on this spot the lessees non lube much better enabled to pay their rents. There would be the natural sale of commodities to the students and professors; there would be the families of the shop-keepers and artisans, and in the end there would he the families who would be drawn thither so as not to be far away from their children while the latter were attending the terms. Had the university been placed elsewhere these anticipations could not have been realized. The lands were in. the center of a wilderness; there was no near market, and it would have taken many years for it all to reach the highest point of rent.

It was also believed by the Legislature that there would - be moral advantages from the selection which, could not be had in a large towu, such as Cincinnati then bid fair to be. The celebrity of the place and the interest of the inhabitants of the town would depend in a very largo degree upon the suppression of immorality. No such interest would be strong enough in Cincinnati.

Mr. Shields, in support of his motion to reject the bill introduced by Micajah T. 'V i)liam>. rend thi- remonstrance, and said that "a remonstrance from tire chi/ tool Oxford against the removal of t ho university, had been forwarded to the Legislature at the session of 1814- 1815, tit which time the subject was discussed." The committee to whom the subject was referred at that time was selected by ballot, and in their reprrt declared that it was not in the power of the Legislature to do away with the acts of a former Legislature, where under those acts rights had become vested. The committee made a report, through its chairman, John Wilson Campbell, being an unanswerable argument in favor of sustaining the establishment at Oxford. This address seemed to tranquilize the minds of the lessees, nor did the dissatisfied portion of the inhabitants within the bounds of Symmes's purchase make any further attempt to remove the site of the Miami University until 1822. The bill was killed in Committee of the Whole, and although public notice was given that the attempt at a removal -would be renewed the next year, the Legislature has not since then interfered in any way. The minds of many of the wealthy and influential citizens of Symmes's purchase continued to be dissatisfied, and occasionally they manifested a disposition rather to pull down than to raise up the institution at Oxford.

Notwithstanding the able report from the pen of the lion. Jacob Burnet, strongly recommending the removal of the Miami University from Oxford to Cincinnati, that gentleman in after life, in his Notes, makes use of these words: "The Legislature, however, thought differently, and passed an act establishing the university on the land without the limits of John C. Symmes's purchase. The institution is now in a very flourishing state, and although the original beneficiaries of the grant have been wrongfully deprived of their rights, yet it is now too late to relieve them without great temporary injury to the cause of science, and on that account it is desirable that no effort be made to disturb the institution or check its ad vance."

The university began operations in November, 1824, and Hubert H. Bishop, £h D., was inaugurated on the thirtieth day of March, 1825. -V procession was formed iu the Methodist Church at 11 o'clock of that day. First were citizens, then students of the universi y, the secretary, treasurer, and collector, trustees of the university, the president of the hoard, and professors. The body then moved to the college chapel, where the inaugural ceremouy took place. The following were the exercises:

Faculty and Instructors. - Rev. Ft. H. Bishop, D. D., President, Professor of Logic, Moral Philosophy i and History, and ex-officio chairman of Board of Trustees ;

I John E. Annan (of Dickinson College), Professor of | Mathematics, Geography, Natural Philosophy, and As- Ltronomy, and Teacher of Political Economy; William i H. McGufiey (of Washington College), Professor of Latin, Greek, and Hebrew, and ex-officio Librarian ; John P. Wiiliston (of Yale College), Principal of tire Grammar ! School; Samuel W. Parker, Thomas Armstrong. James Reynolds, John S. Weaver, Tutors; John AM. Caldwell, secretary of the Faculty.

2d. At this meeting a return shall be made by every I instructor of all the absences and deficiencies which may ! have occurred in his department during the month, and | these returns shall he put upon file and preserved until the I end of the session.

3d. The faculty shall also at, each of these monthly | meetings enter into a full and free conversation on the j conduct and progress of the students generally, and if j any student, all circumstances being taken into view.

| shall be found not making that progress which he might | do, or not conducting himself with that order and sobriety ! which are becoming, information of his situation shall be immediately communicated to his parents, that lie may be removed.

4th. No student shall be allowed to recite with any class who does not, within ten day- after lie may have 1 made application to be. admitted into that da--, lodge ! with the president a certificate from the instructor, stating i. that his previous acquirements are such a:- to entitle him ' to a regular standing in said clase

5th. .No individual shall he allowed, on any account whatever, to continue connected with any department i who is not, in the opinion of the faculty, fully employed.

>'or shall any individual be permitted to omit reciting with any class to -which he may be attached, but by a Vote of the faculty at their stated monthly meeting.

English Scientific Department

Those whose names are in the above catalogue are natives of fourteen different States. The youngest is in his seventh and the oldest in his thirty-third year. The great body are, however, natives of Ohio, anti betwixt the ages of fourteen and twenty-one.

At the close of last session six had their names returned to their parents as not having made that improvement which would justify any further trouble or expense m endeavoring to give them a liberal education, and fourteen of the good and promising students of that -H>sion have been prevented by the circumstances of their ft from prosecuting their studies this session. One of the pre-ent session has bet u sent home as not promising.

Add those twenty-one to the one hundred and cloven -'Von above, aud you have one hundred and thirty-two as the sum total of the present year.

I months each. The Winter session commences on the first ; Monday of November and ends on the last A\ ednesday of ' March. The Summer session commences on the first 'Monday of * May and ends on the last Wednesday of September.

Course Of Study

I: Grammar School. - The studies of the Grammar School, preparatory to admission into the Fresh mat: Class, are English, Latin, aud Greek Grammar, Mair's Introduction to the making of Latin, Cresar's Commentaries, Cicero's select orations, Virgil's rEneid, Greek Testament, Collectanea Minora, and Arithmetic, including vulgar and decimal fractions, and the extraction of roots.

Second Session. - Euclid's Elements', Horace's Odes and Satires, Grseca Majora continued, Roman Antiquities finished, Ancient Geography, Morrell's Rome, Neilson's Greek exercises. Double translations, Declamation and | Bible recitations.

Second Session. - .'Cambridge Mathematics) Spherical ; Trigonometry, Navigation, Dialling, Exeerpta Latina be- ! gun, First volume of Majora finished, Double translations,

IV. The Junior Class Study. - First. Session. - Conic Sections, Fluxions. Physical and Political Geography with the use of the globes, Exeerpta Latina finished, Second volume of Majora begun, Ty tier's Elements of History

| continued, Translation from Greek into Latin and from Latin into Greek, Ty tier's Elements finished, Hebrew Grammar, Jamison's Grammar of Rhetoric, Composition. Declamation and Bible recitations.

V. The Senior Class Study. - First Si-sMon. - Moral Philosophy including the Philosophy of the mind, Astrouomy, Chemistry, Graea Majora finished, Cicero de Ora-

Second Session. - Logie, Says Political Economy, f icero j He l Hindis et de Xatura lVonun, S lo< t portions of Grava ; Majora revised, Hebrew Bible continued. Evidences of ' Divine Revelation, Declamation and Bible recitations.

VI. English Scientific DEPARTMENT. - The studies [ of the English Scientific Department, are substantially the same with the studies of the College Classes, with the exception of the Latin and Greek languages. No. person can be admitted into this department who is under sixteen years of age; and to profit by admission, arrangements ought to be made so that each student may con- j tinue two years at least. It is intended to have some I of the modern languages taught in this department, and j to give regular diplomas to those 'who may study the j whole course.

Miscellaneous Notices. - A small but well-selected philosophical and chemical apparatus has been imported from London. Additional articles will be procured as j the state of the institution may demand ; a small sum is j also permanently appropriated to procure regularly, for j the use of the faculty, a few of the most important literary journals and any new work winch may be of I more than ordinary interest in any of the departments of | science.

The first commencement will be on the last Wednes- j day of September next, when the degree of A. B. will be I conferred on the members of the present Senior Class.

With the commencement of the third year, on the | 'first Monday of November next, it is proposed to form j a regular class of resident graduates. The studies of j this class will embrace a course of general reading, adapted i to the profession to which the members may be individually J devoted, and to a review of any of their former studies to which they may be peculiarly attached.

No degree of A. M., or of any kind, will, in any case, be conferred as a mere matter of course. Particular I attainments and a. character corresponding to these attain- 1 ments will, in. every case, be required.

- Expenses. - Tuition in Grammar School and in First Class E. S. Department, $5 per session ; College proper ; and Second and Third Classes E. S. Department, $10 'per ! session ; boarding, one dollar per week.

To those parents and guardians who have thus far encouraged an infant institution, those who have the more 1 immediate direction of its concerns tender their sincere and grateful acknowledgements ; and trusting in the continued protection of a wise and good Providence, assurance is hereby given that every possible, exertion will be made to make the Miami University, in all its departments, a public and common good.

Progress Of The University

March do, 1825, William Sparrow was appointed professor of languages, but afterward declined entering upon the duties of his office, and his place was supplied 1 by John T. Williston. The trustees resolved that a j

March 28., 1827, the salaries of the officers were established as follows: President of the university, $1,200; professor of mathematics and natural philosophy, $800; professor of languages, $700.

March 26, 1828, it was resolved that a building, one hundred feet in length by forty feet wide, and three stories high, be erected tor the university, according to a plan then exhibited, and that Messrs. McBride, Leilv, and MaeDill be a committee to contract and superintend its 'erection.

On the twenty-third day of April they contracted with David Richey to execute the stone and brick- work and plastering of the building, and with William P. Vauhook, of Hamilton, for the carpenter- work.

March 25, 1829, John W. Scott was appointed professor of mathematics and natural philosophy, and William F. Ferguson principal of the grammar school, at a salary of $400.

In September the building committee reported that they had erected a brick building, set on a good clone 'foundation, one hundred fc-et -long by fortv fee t wide, and three stories high, each story or floor having two halls and eight rooms, situated directly east from the main building. The whole cost of erecting and completing the building, including cost of materials, was $7,147.-16.

In November, 1827, Robert C. Scheuck, a graduate of the college, and since the general and statesman, commenced teaching French, and continued the regular teacher of that language until September, 1830, when he left the institution.

September 26, 1832, the professorship held by Mr. Scott was denominated the professorship of natural philosophy and chemistry, and the professorship held by Mr. MeGuffey was called tin* professorship of philology and mental science, with a salary of $S50 each. Samuel M. McCracken was appointed professor of mathematics, and Thomas Armstrong professor of languages, with a salary of $500 each.

In 1833 it was thought necessary that an additional building should he erected for the accommodation of the students of the university, and Major James Gallovvav, Dr. John ( Dunlevy. and James M-Bride were appointed a committee to contract for the erection and completion of a building one hundred feet in length by fhrrv feet wide, three stories high, having a passage or ball running north and south through the building, the residue to l to divided into rooms about ten feet wide. The tuition fees j «>f the students in the college department were raised to j twelve dollars per session, and in the grammar school to ten dollars per session.

The building committee, at the next meeting, reported that they had contracted with Thomas Brown, of Dayton, for the stone and brick, and laying the same, and for plastering the building, and with Thomas Morrison, of the , same place, for the wood and carpenter work.

October 1, 1835, Samuel W. McCracken was ap- : pointed professor of languages, in the room of Thomas i Armstrong, deceased, with a salary of $600 per annum, j and Albert T. Bledsoe, of Kentucky, professor of lan- j guages. A lot of ground, about one acre, was directed j to be laid oil', in the north-east corner of the town square of Oxford, and appropriated exclusively for a cemetery j or burying-ground for the students and other members of the Miami University.

In September, 1836, the resignations of Professor Albert T. Bledsoe and Professor "W. H. McGufFey were received. The salaries of professors were fixed as follows: The professor of rhetoric and mental science, at j -$1,000; the professor of natural philosophy and ciiem- ; istry, $1,000; the professor of mathematics, $800; and the professor of ancient languages, $$00. It was resolved that the college year should commence on the first Monday of October and eud on the second Tuesday of August, with a. recess from the twenty-fourth of I December to the second of January; the Spring vacation to be three weeks immediately following the second Tuesday in March.

September 28, 1336, John H. Harney was appointed I professor of mathematics, aud Samuel T. Pressley professor of rhetoric aud mental science.

December 21, 1836, the Eev. Mr. Pressley having j deceased previous to his acceptance of the professorship ! of rhetoric anu mental science, and Mr. Harney having <le 'lined to accept his appointment, Silas Totten was chosen professor of ? hetoric and mental science.

August 10, 1837, the committee for building the ! labors mry reported that they had made a contract for a hiu filing forty-four feet long by twenty-four feet wide, one -story high, to be completed by the first of October. 1837, for $1,250.

August 10, 1837, John McArthur was appointed pro- j lessor of Grecian literature, rhetoric, and the elements of moral science ; ChauuceyA. Olds was appointed professor of the Latin language, and Roman literature.

August 9, 1838, the salary of the professor of the Latin language aud Roman literature was fixed at $7<>0, and the master of tin.' grammar school at $700. Peter button was elected treasurer.

August 8, 1839, the. price of tuition in the college proper was fixed at fifteen dollars per session, and in the grammar school at twelve dollars per annum.

August 12, 1840, the resignation of Chaunccy A. Olds, professor of the Latin language and Roman literature, aud the resignation of Samuel 5V. McCracken, professor of mathematics and civil engineering, were accepted. The Rev. Robert H. Bishop, president of the Miami University, having signified his intention of retiring from the presidency as soon as a successor to supply his place could be found, the board elected the Rev. John C. Young, then president of Center College, Kentucky, at Danville, president of the Miami University. The board created the professorship of. history and political economy, aud appointed the Rev. Robert II. Bishop to fill that c-hair, for which he was to receive" a salary of $850 per year, and a house and garden free of rent. The following resolution, complimentary to Dr. Bishop, was passed:

"Resolved, That as the unanimous sense of this board, the able, faithful, and unremitting labors of President. Bishop in the discharge of his official duties as presiding officer of the Miami University for the last, sixteen years, and the untiring exertions, upon his part during that time to maintain for the institution the high reputation which has been so laboriously acquired for it throughout that period entitle him to the grateful memory of every friend of learning and moral virtue, as well as the warmest thanks upon the part of the patrons and supporters of tins institution."

August 13, 1840, John Armstrong was appointed professor of mathematics and civil engineering, and John McArthur, professor of Grecian literature aud rhetoric. The salary of John C. Young, president-elect, should he accept, was fixed at $1,500 per annum.

November 3, 1840, it was resolved that the professorships of Roman and Grecian literature be united into oue professorship, to be called the professorship of ancient languages, aud that John McArthur, the present professor of Grecian literature, be appointed to the professorship of that department, with his present salary of $800 per year. Robert II. Bishop, Jr., was appointed principal of the grammar school. It having been ascertained that the Rev. J. C. Young declined accepting the office to which he was elected at the last meeting, the Rev. George Junkiu, of Lafayette College, Easton, Pennsylvania. was elected president.

March 9, 1841. J. C. Mofliit, of Lafayette College, at Easton, Pennsylvania, was appointed professor of the Latin language and Roman literature, with a saiarv of $700.

August 11, 1841, 1 1 ic Rev. George Junkiu was inaugurated president of the Miami University. Tin -alary of the professor of history and political science wa-s lived at $750.

We have received from Dr. Scott, for seventeen years a professor in this institution, the following account of the Miami University while he was connected with it, and of the causes that led to his withdrawal. Dr. Scott wields a caustic pen, and sets forth his own side of the question with a freedom and fullness that leave noihing to be. desired on that score. Elsewhere will be found his biography :

"I went to Oxford, by invitation of the board of trustees of Miami University, to the professorship of mathematics and natural science, made vacant by the retirement. on account of broken-down health, of Professor Annan, in the Fall of 1828. Every thing there presented, at that time, a rather primitive and rude appearance. The buildings of the town were limited, with but two or three exceptions, to the space bounded on the east by the street that forms the west boundary of the college campus; on the west, by the street running north and south in front of the building erected tor a female institute; on the north, by the street running past the Presbyterian and the United Presbyterian churches; and on the south, by the street forming the south boundary of the college campus and grove. The campus, which was mainly a naked and open common, in which many of the stumps were still standing, was unprotected by any kind of inclosure, and the grove was still in the primitive state of nature. The plat of land south of the town was principally, except during the Summer and early Fall months, a rich, fat morass, through the eastern end of which, when at all passable, the citizens used to shorten distance by winding their way, among the stumps and fallen timber, to the Hamilton road, at the south-east corner of the corporation line.

"With the exception of the college buildings, which consisted of the great, tall, uncouth old center building and its disproportioned little western wing (which has since been enlarged and improved), and the north-east building, which had just been erected, I have a recollection of but five or six brick houses in the town. Such was someihing of the physical appearance and condition of things at that day. In regard to the social condition, the mass of the population was correspondingly primitive. Apart from the college faculty, the cultivation and refinement of Oxford was confined to a very small number of families, not exceeding six or eight at most, and the proportion in the surrounding township was, perhaps, very much the same. The manner in which the farming lands of the township were disposed of was not favorable to its settling up with a first-class fanning population; namely, on a more leasehold title* for which n<* purchase money was paid, but which was held on the condition of the payment, annually, of the interest of the nominal price, at six per cent forever, as a permanent revenue for the support of the university. There was, at the early day of the first settlement, a strong prejudice in the minds of emigrants of means, who were able to purchase their lands in fee simple, against holding them on the tenure of a mere lease, liable at the end of any year to forfeiture and sale without redemption, in ease the rent or tax was not paid within three months after due. The consequence was, they would turn aside and purchase elsewhere, while any poor penniless wight, who could not pay for land outright, found it rather a temptation to take a lease and settle upon it for a few years, and, if lie could only make out to keep his six per cent of college rent paid up, and was worthless and unprincipled enough to do so, turu in to cutting and slashing away at the timber, and making all be could off of the land, without regard to its residual or ultimate value, as was said, in certain cases, to have been done ; and then if he had any eye to accumulation of means, ail he had to do was to forfeit, and leave the land in its denuded and depreciated condition, and go farther A Vest to make the best of his ill-gotten gains. If he did not care to accumulate, but spent as fast as be made, he would continue to remain the same poor, shiftless, penniless creature as before.

"The result was that the township, at the first sales, became largely filled up with a poor, and in too many cases not very honest, population; indeed, at an early day of the settlement it almost passed into a common saying that if any property was lost in any of the adjoining townships it was but necessary for the loser to obtain a search-warraut and go over into Oxford Township, and be would find it. This was, of course, an exaggerated report, and yet there is reason to apprehend that the character and conduct of too many of the early settlers afforded too much ground for its currency. This state of public feeling and opinion may be illustrated by an amusing anecdote.

"At the inauguration of Dr. Bishop as president of the university, the duty of making the inauguration prayer was assigned to the venerable Rev. Mr. Porter, a member of the board. In the course of his prayer - as I was told years after by a very respectable old Seotch-Irish Presbyterian elder, a citizen of the township, who was present on the occasion - the old father made allusion, in some manner or form, to the reputed state of society in the township - praying for a change, by which the college might be surrounded by more favorable influences. AH informant told me that the next day lie met another old Seotch-Irish friend and neighbor, just over the line in an adjoining township, a rather quizzical gmiius, who had also been present at the inauguration, who asked him, 'Did you iver hearsich a foolish prayer as Father Porter made yistorday at Oxford?* 'Why do you call ii foolish?' he answered. 'Faith,' said he, 'and I think it was the foelisiiest prayer I iver hard in me life. Why, he prayed the Laird that he wad move atf all that rifl'ratfi population from Oxford Township, and til! it up wi' a

"In process of time, however, by industry, thrift, and intellectual, moral, and religious culture, Oxford Township nobly redeemed her character; although, even at as late a day as when I arrived there, an element of the old rude, disorderly, intemperate, and vicious pioneer population, so characteristic of an earlier day, still remained, who would occasionally, of a Saturday afternoon and evening, collect together at a low groggery or two in the village, called (by grace) hotels, to drink and carouse, and to disturb the quiet and orderly citizens by 'making night hideous' with their noisy and drunken orgies, brawls, and fights." ' All this state of things, however, at length passed away. But I have, by this episode on the social and physical state of Oxford and Oxford Township, and their inhabitants, been diverted from the main subject ; namely, the early history of the college.

"I went to Oxford, as I have already stated, in the Fall of 1828. The college had then been in existence just four years. True, there had been an academy or classical and high school commenced, as a foundation or incipient step towards the establishment of a college several years previous, in the little old west wing of the main, or, as it was called, the center building. That great tali uncouth edifice was erected, I believe, in 1820-21, but the university was not organized in regular college form until the Fail of 1824, when the Rev. Dr. Bishop was inaugurated as its first president. It commenced operations with a faculty of three, tire doctor as president and professor of all the branches of intellectual, moral and political science; John E. Annan, professor of mathematics and natural science, and William Sparrow, professor of languages.

" In 1826 Professor Sparrow, who seems to have been a very popular and successful professor, resigned, and devoted himself to the Episcopal ministry. He afterwards, if mistake not, was connected as a professor with a theological seminary at Alexandria, Virginia. His place was supplied by the election of William II. McGutFey, a graduate of Washington College, Pennsylvania, who afterward acquired a considerable celebrity as the compiler of a series of English readers for the - Eclectic System of Books for Common Schools.' He was a man of very considerable talent, though not of very general scholarship, especially in the departments of mathematics and natural science; of active mind and fond of abstract and metaphysical investigation and discussion ; an ingenious and plausible, but not always a fair and safe reasouer; a very popular lecturer and public speaker,

- rom bis fluency and command of language, though never rising to the higher and bolder flights of oratory; a man withal of a good deal of personal vanity and ambition.

retire, and I succeeded to his place. He afterwards recovered his health so far as to enter the Presbyterian ministry, and preach for a year or two to a Church in Petersburg, Virginia, but died while yet a very young man. He was reputed a man of a high grade of natural talent, and of large and general attainments in scholarship for one of Ids age, and had he lived would have doubtless made his mark in the literary and scientific world; but on account of real or apparent rigidity and stiffness of manner, he does not seem to have been very popular as a professor.

"During the first four years of its existence the institution seems to have flourished very much in public popularity and patronage, the number of students having risen from a comparatively very small number to very well up towards one hundred. It might be observed that the. grade of scholarship for a diploma was set high (the full curriculum was patterned very much after that of Yale); and in its palmiest days, which were from 1830 till near 1840, when its number of students rose some years to near two hundred and fifty, it obtained from its alumni, patrons, and friends, the soubriquet, of 'the Yale of the West.'

"In 1832 the board were encouraged to increase the number of the faculty, by the addition of two new members. My professorship was relieved of the pure mathematics, and a new department of those branches was established, and Samuel W. McCracken, a graduate of the institution of a previous year, was appointed to it. The department of languages was divided into that of Greek, with an appendage of philology and general literature, which Professor McGuffey still retained ; and a professorship of Latin and Latin literature, with the addition of Hebrew, to which Rev. Thomas Armstrong, another graduate of the institution, was appointed. Both the young professors had been among our best scholars, and were men of talent, particularly the latter, who gave much early promise, but died, much lamented, in the Summer of 1835, after less than three years' service, in which he had already made his mark.

"On the decease of Professor Armstrong a change was made by which Professor McCracken was transferred from the mathematical department to that of Latin; and Albert T. Bledsoe, a graduate of West Point Militarv Academy, was appointed professor of mathematics in his place. Professor Bledsoe was a mau of vigorous and, except iu the department of ancient languages, well trained and well stored mind. He had an especial talent and penchant for metaphysical study and discussion, aud was unusually well read and well posted on such topics, as was manifested in a work which he published in more advanced life, entitled, ' The Theodicy,' in wki h he undertook to au-wer President Edwards's celebrated ' Treatise on the Will,' and in which, it' he d->es m.t refute the great and world -renowned metaphysician, he shows great skili aud resources in matters of abstract in- vestigation and reasoning. He is said to Lave published also another hook to defend, or at least palliate, slavery (as I have been told, for I have never seen the book) from the Bible; although before he 'went back to his native South, lie was very decidedly antislavery, ia his expressed opinions. Such is sometimes the vacillation and inconsistency of men of great minds. But with all his learning and ability he did not succeed in making himself popular as a professor. His difficulty was in the matter of discipline. Having been educated under the arbitrary rigidity of a military school, he did not seem to realize and appreciate the difference between military discipline and that appropriate to a civil institution.

" I must not forget, nor neglect to mention in this j historical sketch, that in this successful period of the j institution, somewhere about 1833 or 1831, the board ! took a first step toward making the institution in reality j what it was in name, a university, by establishing a j medical department in Cincinnati, under the title of the ! Miami Medical College. Dr. Dauiel Drake, of Cinein- ; nati, a gentleman of considerable celebrity in bis day, both in medical science and general literature, having fallen out with his co-professors in the Ohio Medical College, applied to the board to establish in Cincinnati, under j their university charter, a medical department, which j was granted. Accordingly, with a faculty of his sc-lec- j tion, consisting, with himself, of Dr. Hussey (the elder), j Drs. Rives, Eberle, Stoughton, and Harrison, some of I them very eminent in .their profession, such a school was j commenced, and carried on for some years with considerable spirit and success. What was its final fate I am not apprised of. My impression is that the doctor, in the course of a few years, disagreed with the faculty of his own selection and left it. Whether the organization finally disbanded, or still continues its existence in some one of the medical schools which Cincinnati contains, I am unable to say.

"In the. midst of this prosperity a train o' untoward influences began to set in. In the Fall of 1836 Professor McGuftey, who bad previously shown signs of restiveness and dissatisfaction, resigned, leaving a month or so before commencement, for the professed purpose of visiting Clinton, Mississippi, with the view to the presidency of j a new college (which he said had been tendered him), j about to be established there. Bui the whole project of | such a college proving a failure, he engaged with Pro- j fossor 0. M. Mitehei, of astronomical celebrity, for a j time, in an institution in Cincinnati, under an old charter I for a Cincinnati college. Afterwards lie was elected to the presidency of the 'Ohio l nivorsity' at Athens; but sdlcr serving there for three or four years, the institution not flourishing, 'nor likelv to flourish to satisfaction, and j ids so' sal surroundings not being entirolv liappv, lie re- j signed in !<S4o, and accepted a professorship of mental ! and moral philosophy in the 'Virginia University, at !

" At the close of the session Professor Bledsoe, who had never seemed entirely satisfied in the institution, ' followed suit,' as it is said in rather slang phrase, by handing in his resignation. Having taken orders in the Episcopal Church lie went South, having originally come from Kentucky. Whether he devoted himself to the work of the Gospel ministry exclusively or immediately, or not, I am unable to say; but my impression is that he still continued in the educational department in some academy or school is; one of the Southern Gulf States. He was afterwards elected to a chair (I believe of mathematics) in the University of Virginia, not very far from the same time with the accession of Professor McGutfey. During the rebellion he is said to have been connected with the military department of the confederacy in the capacity of chief of ordnance, I think. I have understood, too, that toward- the close of the war, he was sent, over to England by the Confederate Government, as one of the commissioners to solicit ' comfort and aid ' in tire straits and peuury of its latter day. I think also I have heard of his death since the close of the war. The vacancies produced by the resignations of Professors Mc- Guffey and Bledsoe were supplied In the appointment of Samuel S. Galloway and Chauncev X. Olds, both of them graduates of the institution. The institution still continued to move on prosperously till between 183-3 and 1840, as the catalogues of the period, of which I left a pretty complete list with Professor Bishop, I think will show.

"In 1838, perhaps in 1837, for my memory is .not very distinct, in regard to miuutia during that period of numerous and frequent changes, Professors Galloway and Olds resigned. A Rev. John McArthur, of Cadiz, Ohio, was elected to the professorship of Greek, and. I believe, at the same time, a Professor John Armstrong was elected professor of mathematics. Professor McArthur was a man of some eminence as a preacher and as a man of literature. Professor Armstrong was au excellent mathematician of the old style, and a very good and worthy man, but hardly modern enough in manners and mode, of instruction to exert a. commanding influence among our ' Young America' students. After three or four years he resigned, and was succeeded in the Fall of 1.843 (1 think) by George A. Westerman, a young gentleman who was "highly recommended by Professor O. M. Mitehei. In the mean time other malign influences had begun to operate, to add to the force and effect of the former in disturbing the quiet and prosperity of the institution - entirely extraneous in their character, and which ought not to have been iugg.-d into the colle ge. Those were the autislavery agitation, or, as it was called, the abolition excitement; tun! the troubles i:t the Presbyterian Church, b'twocu old and new school parties, wfiioh finally, in 1837 - 8, .-|>!ii tin1 great LV.'sbvteriau l lunch in t[R> United States into two distinct branches, which remained separate tor thirty years, both of which causes were rife, and in some cases very intense about that time. Karh had its, faction in the board. The one was determined to exterminate all abolitionism, by which was meant all decided antislavery sentiment from the institution, or as I once heard one of the members of the board, at one of their meetiugs, with a good deal of bitterness, express it, that 'no abolitionist or sympathizer with abolition should ever, with his consent, be a professor in tlic university.' These were the politicians of the board. The other, or as it might be denominated, the ecclesiastical, faction was composed of a very few members, clerical and laical, of one or two of the older branches of t he Presbyterian Church, of strong theological prejudices, who were as decided in their opposition to all newschoolism; and these two factions, as is related of Herod and Pontius Pilate, the Gentiles and the people of Israel,' on a certain memorable occasion, conspired together ' to effect tlieir particular object.' The other members of the board having no special prejudices or partialities to gratify, in other words 'no axes to grind,' simply yielded unsuspectingly to their plans and management. This 1 know from one of these same members himself, who in the result had his eyes opened.

"The storm that was thus brewing was destined first to break upon the head of Dr. Bishop, who had incurred the dissatisfaction and suspicion of both, but particularly of the ecclesiastical faction. The resignation of Professor McCracken seemed to present a favorable opportunity for commencing operations under the pretext of a general reorganization. The plan was - and 1 am sorry to say that 1 have reason to believe that there were members of the faculty, as already constituted, who were privy to it - for all the faculty to resign, and then elect a new president on the ground of Dr. Bishop's advanced age, and make whatever disposition of the other departments as might seem to be best. Two of the older members of the bo; rd, and strong partisans of the ecclesiastical faction, waited upon me, to inform liie that all the other members of the faculty except Dr. Bishop and myself had agreed to tender their resignations; and to ask me to do the ^iih', assuring me that we would all, excepting the doctor, be again immediately re-elected. I replied to their proposition by saying that I had no objection to resign- "-g in ease I could see any necessity or just reason for -ash a course; but if it was merely to make the way easy and quiet for cutting off the head of that noble and venerable old man, the hither of the institution, who had by lib wise and able management ami superintendenev, "r,i(er God, raised it from nothing to what it was in its l'>!miest days, and what it still was, although beginning feel the effects of more troublous times, ! would not r,'s,-rn. They might, if they would, cut off my head, :,mi declare my chair vacant, as they had the power, and 1 know some of them had the will, as I fell under the

"This scheme of a general, voluntary resignation not , succeeding, the managing spirits in the board went about j their work in a more direct way. The presidency was j made vacant bv the removal of Dr. Bishop to a new pro- | fessorship of history, with (I believe) some adjuncts in I the department of moral science, created for the purpose,