Hanover Township (part 3 of 29)

! for they could not face public opinion with a direct and I absolute removal. Kev. George J unkin, D. D., presi- ! dent of Lafayette College, Pennsylvania, a man perfectly satisfactory to both the factions in 'regard," and, indeed, selected with a special view, to their two hobbies, was chosen president. James C. Moffat, a talented and scholarly I young professor, from the same institution, since a proj fessor in Princeton College, and at present a highly rel speeded professor in Princeton Theological Seminary, and ; author of a book on aesthetics and other minor works,

I and a somewhat experienced educator. He bad acquired j a name and fame as the prosecutor of Kev. Albert Barnes, j in the great theological controversy which terminated in | the temporary division of the Presbyterian Church into j Old and Lew School; to which, 1 presume, lie owed Us | election to the presidency of the university. Ho was a man who had his hobbies, and was not always the most judicious in introducing, and in discussing and defending,

! them. One of these was the subject of Scripture prophei sics, on which he published quite a celebrated and a hie | work. Piofessor Bishop will, I presume, recollect his inj traducing the subject, not very appropriately or in good i taste, in his inaugural address, and expatiating, very olo- ; queutlv and at large, on the great battle of Armageddon.

I in which the powers of Antichrist are to be final] - dis- | comfited and destroyed, which be interpreted in a' literal j sense. In the fervor and zeal of his declamation he, all j at once, broke out into the apostrophe, 'Where, where ; will the students of Miami University be on that dav?

! On which side will they be found?' And he will also recollect the amusing caricature cartoon, suggested bv the circumstance, which some wag among the students executed and placarded on the chapel door afterward, roprej senting 'Captain Junkiu, with the students of Miami i University, marching to the battle of Armageddon.' i Two other of his hobbies were extreme Calvinism, as ! opposed to Arminianism, and auti-abolitionism, t<» the extent of the justification and defense of American slaverv. Moreover he was a man of such intensities of temperament and dogmatic mold of mind as to render him liable t , K> -embroiled- in frequent unpleasant controversy, both i il >1 i - and private, wit W those of a ditierent opinion Ann his own. in his very first outset in the college, on one of i the evenings of the public exercises prelimiuarv to the commencement on which he was to be inaugurated, he unfortunately got into an open quarrel, in the presence of the assembled audience, with the ushers of one of the literary societies, almost threatening a riot. Although on the abstract point of difference and dispute the doctor was right, yet such was the injudiciousness of his course I in raising such an issue at such a time, and such the vio- i leuce of his manner, that it seemed doubtful to some of | the members of the board whether it would be best to proceed with the inauguration.

"Indeed, Dr. Junkin did not seem to understand a ! W estern community and the state of things in the college. ! On these points the men that were especially active and j efficient in gettiug him there, under the influence of their prejudice and distorted views, deceived and did him great disservice by their representation of the state of things, es- | pecially in the 'college. The consequence was that he went, | at their call, honestly and mistakenly, in the spirit, and as j he supposed, clothed with the functions, of a great and general reformer. But the doctor had the perspicacity and good sense to find out by his experience bis mistake; and had it been in his power to have commenced de novo with the stock of knowledge and experience' which he had gained at the end of the first two years of his connection with ihe college, the result would have been different, both to him and it. But it was too late. The result was, that his presidency did not prove a success, and he felt jt. After struggling along "Tor three and a half years against difficulties, and a tide of unpopularity ou the part of a considerable portion of the students, and also of the genera1 community, be resigned, and went back to Lafayette, in the Full of 1844, and thence to Washington College, at. Lexington, Virginia, of which he bad been elected president, where he served for a number of years, till the commencement of the Rebellion. At this period he published a masterly work on what he denominated the 'grand fallacy' - John C. Calhoun's doctrine of States' rights - and redeemed himself nobly in the minds of many in the free States, whom he had formerly greatly dissatisfied by his views aud treatment of the subject of slavery; and although his daughters and two of his sous had, married Southerner - 'Stonewall' Jackson aud a Colonel Preston, of Virginia, both being his sons-in-law - and he had buried his wife, an estimable lady, to whom he was greatly attached, in Lexington, finding he could not control the drift of sccessiouism in the college, he resigned his presidency, and loyally and indignantly left the State, and came North, shaking oft' the dust of secession from his feet against it.

"Disappointed in their expectations, and chagrined at the unsuccessful result of their plans, and perhaps more highly exasperated ngauist any members of the faculty whom they suspected -of not entirely sympathizing with them in their views, the prime movers of the action by which the presidency was changed, and Dr. Junkin brought there, seem to have come to the determination to make a thorough and short work of it, and eliminate by one fell stroke all unsatisfactory elements from the faculty. Accordingly an adjourned meeting of the board was appointed to be held late in the Fall, away. from the seat of the college, at Lebanon. At this meeting the work was done, and the desired reform effected, by the elimination of Dr. Bishop and myself- - the doctor, by removing the chair from under him, in the annihilation of his professorship, and mo, by removing me from my chair. Professor "VTatterman was also arbitrarily removed, and an almost entire new organization was effected, leaving only Professor McArthur of the old professors remaining, who was perfectly satisfactory to both the aforesaid factions. This terminated my seventeen and a half years' connection with the institution as a professor. Several years afterward, at the solicitation of Dr. Anderson, in the early part of his presidency, I accepted a a appointment as a member of the Board of Trustees, and served several years. Until I left that region I kept myself pretty well posted in regard to matters in general connected with the institution, but my knowledge of them in particular was j too second-hand and limited to render me a fit chronicler i of its later minute history."

As will he seen by tire preceding sketch, the path of the leaders of the university was not free front disunities. The slavery question had become important; but there were many difficulties connected with it which are not now to be perceived. Dr. Junkin sided with the majority of the electors in this county, and Dr. Bishop and Professor Scott were in the minority. The other question was that of denominational allegiance. The Presbyterians were just then passing through a division on points which now seem very trivial; hut which vs ere j not then so regarded. But the university, which was to a great extent under their control, was a State institution, and those who belonged to other sects objected to the views' which were there taught. Dr. Junkin became involved in a warm contest with the Rev. Thomas E. Thomas, of Rossville, in w! ich the slavery question and the Presbyterian question were prominent. Dr. Junkin made a good defense to the charges against him, but ihe d issa t isfac t ion con ti n ueu .

He was succeeded in 1844 by the Rev. E. D. Mc- Master, D. D. , who held the office until 184!), then rej signing, having Rev. W. C. Anderson, D. 1)., as his successor. Dr. Anderson acted as president until 18.o4,

! when the Itev. J. W. Hall, D. I)., was called to the ! presidency by the unanimous voice of the Board of Trus- I tees. Dr. Hall presided over the university for twelve i. years, resigning in 18fi>(>. His administration was successful, and when he left there was twelve thousand dollars in the treasury. The Rev. R. L. Stauton, D. D. , succeeded him, and resigned in 1871 ; and after an interval of one year Rev. A. D. Hepburn was choseu president, holding that position until the suspension of the i institution in 187 J.

The university derives its revenue from the leasing of (j.j, lands of the college township, which are leased for ninety-nine years, renewable forever without revaluation, -abject to an annual quit-rent of six per rent on the purchase money. This rent yields an income of nearly six thousand dollars.

An act of the Legislature, passed in February, 1809, directed that the lands should be "offered at auction for not less than two dollars per acre," and "the lesffts shall pay six pc-r cent per annum on the amount of their purchase." The first sale was held in Hamilton on the " fourth Tuesday in May," 1810. The lessees did not have originally the right to subdivide their lines; but bv an act passed March 22, 1837, they were permitted to do so, the original quit-rent being apportioned pro rata. This was found to work injury to the university, and in March, 1862, the State repealed so much of the act of 1837 as allowed the pro rata division of the quit-rent, and enacted that in all cases of subdivision there should an increase of the quit-rent, and that no subdivision should be allowed except on the payment of one dollar per annum. Under this premium the income is slowly increasing.

The university has never been aided directly by the State, only indirectly, in that the lands are exempt from State taxes - the quit-rent to the university being reckoned an equivalent. The corporation received the lands in a state of nature, and from these lands and from tuition fees all the money was raised which lias been expended in buildings, apparatus, salaries, etc. The buildings, apparatus and library cost upward of §100,000.

From 1824, when the college was opened in the woods, till 1873, when it was temporarily suspended, nearly one thousand young men were graduated, and more than that | number received a large part of their education in Miami f University. These men have exercised no little influence to the West alone, but in other parts of our land, and in otlu r lands, their influence has been felt for good. A jf gen tie mau who had had opportunity to know whereof he affirmed, and was competent to give a just decision, remarked, on a public occasion, that in proportion to numbers Miami University had sent forth more useful men bam any other college in our land.

Owing to various causes there hail been a gradual decline in the number of students since 1860; considerable niuiiey had been spent in the repair of the buildings, and a debt of near §10,000 had been incurred. Under these circumstances, the trustees concluded, in July, 1873, that it would be proper and wise " to suspend instruction in the university," for a time.

8;me 1873 the debt, bus been paid in full, and a surpua .a $30,000 has been securely invested at eight per 'cut; and it is hoped that within two years the university 'rill lie again opened, for the instruction of pupils in all -lt branches that pertain to a liberal education.

The university was not behind her sisters, or behind the remainder of the countv of Butler, in the men she | sent to the army. - They form a nohie army, and are to ! be found on every battle-field in the West and many in the East. They are as follows:

The Roll Of Honor

The university is situated in the eastern part of the mile square appropriated for the town of Oxford. The situation is elevated, descending by a graded slope from the coliege building iu all directions, except ou the west, next to the town, with which it is ou a level. The edifices at present erected for the use of the college are three. They consist of the main building, which is sixty feet front and eighty-six feet deep and three stories high, fronting the south and north. The fronts ore finished with pediments, having a Venetian door in the south front, with Venetian windows in the stories above. The stories are over eighteen feet high in the clear. A hall or passage, thirteen feet wide in the clear, runs from east to west through the building, and a passage twelve feet wide runs from tire south front door to the middle hail.

The north part of the lower story of the building is undivided, and was fitted up for a chapel. It is now used as a chemical room and as a museum. The rest of the building is divided into spacious rooms. The chapel is on the second floor in the new wing. Adjoining on the west was the old building first erected, forming part of awing. There is now a new and large wing here, erected in 1868. The design of the whole, according to the plan, when completed, is to have wings of eighty feet in length on the east and west of the main building, which makes the whole two hundred and twenty feet in length. The center hall or passage is designed to extend from east to west the whole length of the wings, which are to be subdivided into rooms for the accommodation of students.

In 1829 another building was completed for the purposes of the institution. It stands east of the main building and distant about two hundred feet therefrom. The intention was that fire might not be communicated from one building to the other. It was called the north-east building, and is one hundred feet in length by forty feet wide and three stories high. It. is divided by two balls running from east to west through Hie building, and divided into rooms for study and lodging rooms for the students.

In 1836 another edifice was erected and completed, called the south-east building. It is situated south and on a line with the building last mentioned. Ic is one hundred feet long, forty feet wide and three stories high. There is a hall running from the north to the south through the whole length of the building, and the building is divided into rooms of a suitable size for the accommodation of students. These buildings are all substantia Ilv built of brick and well calculated for the purposes which thev are intended. There is also a brick building south-west of the main building erected for the purposes of a laboratory.

The college square is beautiful. About nventx acres of the eastern part of the college grounds yet remain in a state of nature. It is a delightful grove, shaded bv the native growth, covered with a grassy carpeting, and is neatly cleared of all that would disfigure its beau tv. In this grove, when the weather was pleasant, wore held the commencement exercises, and for the students it afforded a delightful promenade for recreation as well as retirement, ' The cupola on the top of the main college building is elevated one hundred feet above the ground, from which is presented a beautiful and picturesque view of the surrounding country. Near at hand can be distinctly traced the course of Four-mile Creek, a limpid stream which meanders its serpentine course around the base of the hill and through the valley, along which can distinctly he traced die gentle elevations of tim hills for a long distance either way.

Looking around the eye surveys a large extent of beautiful couutry dm Pal with its fields and farm houses, and as the view widens the largest of those seem in the distance mere garden spots and incou iderable spaAs upon the landscape. Looking to the east, the pye, extending great Miami River, whose woodland summits present to | the observer a blue streak, delicately tinged and appar- ; ently elevated hut a few inches above the intervening landscape as they grew dimmer and still more dim, until they fade entirely iu the extent.

It comprises about ten thousand volumes, in almost every variety of literature and science, both ancient and modern. Some of the books are old and very rare and curious. It contains ail the principal standard works, and, particularly, the circle of history is very complete. A fund was ap- j preprinted by the trustees for the annual increase of the library, which was open to the students, under certain regulations. It has received of late a large number of documents.

In the year 1825 the Board of Trustees caused to be purchased iu London a philosophical apparatus which cost about one thousand dollars, which was deposited in the college, since which time various appropriations have, from time to time, been made lor the purpose of purchasing additional chemical, mathematical, and philosophical apparatus.

In the year 1848 the trustees purchased from David Christy a geological cabinet, for which they paid $'2,222. These specimens, added to a small collection before possessed by the college, were scientifically arranged, and inclosed in glass cases, in a very tasteful manner, which afford the means of a very complete exhibition of the sub- | jeers of geology and mineralogy. They have lately been | arranged, and large additions made to them by Professor Osborn.

Literary societies have been formed and organized, belonging to the Miami University. The Erodelphian Society was organized in September, 1825, having for its professed object the cultivation of science, eloquence, and friendship. The members were all students of Miami University.

They occupied a large room in the third story of the j main college building, exclusively for their own use, where ; they -held their meetings. The room was fitted up in j handsome style, and kept at all times neat and clean. | The floor was covered with a carpet. On the east was an ! elevated stand, for the presiding officer of the meetings, and tables and desks for the secretaries. On the opposite side of the room was formerly their library, tastefully arranged on shelves, surmounted by a handsome cornice, and supported by Corinthian columns. The whole was arranged iu a style of neatness and elegance rarely surpassed. The members of the society mot regularly once every week during the college session, and spent from three to fiw hours in the investigation of subjects which have a bearing on the business of active life.

State of Ohio, on the third day of February, 1831. The j society holds its anniversary on the day preceding the j annual commencement of the college, at which- time an i address is delivered by some individual of distinguished talents, who had previously been invited by the society.

The Miami Union Literary Society had objects similar to that of the Erodelphian Society, and was, in like manner, composed of members who were students in the Miami j University. They had also a room in the third story of the main college building, fitted up with the same care ; and neatness as that of the other society. Over the chair- j man's stand was a portrait, presenting a good likeness, of j tl\e Rev. Robert H. Bishop, president of the university. The library which belonged to the society has been united i with the college library. They had cases in their room containing a valuable cabinet of minerals, geological specimens, and natural curiosities.

The society was originally known as the Union Literary Society, but another society sprang up, which maintained an existence for several years. As the university, how- j ever, was not large enough to support three societies, the {

The last meeting of the trustees of the Miami Urn- i versity was held on the 15th of June, 1881, with the president, John W. Herron, in the chair. The members j present were : "William Beckett, Hamilton : Colonel John ,

Professor R. H. Bishop, secretary, was re-elected, as were S. C. Richey treasurer, and P. D. Matson collector. The treasurer made the following report:

Received for rent on lands, . . $3,83$ 22 Received for interest on loans, . 1,C>50 50 Received for loans refunded, - . 1,055 00 Received for various other goods. $72 75

Professors In Colleges

Robert C. Schenck, of Franklin, Ohio, class of 1S27, lawyer, Member of Congress, general in the Union army, minister to court of St. James; still living.

Presidents Of The University

R. H. Bishop, D. lb, History and Political Science, 184-5 J. C. Moffat, R. D.. Rom. Literature and Rhetoric, 1852 John W. Armstrong, Mathematics, 1813>

Pioneers Axd Soldiers Pioneers And Soldiers

General Anthony Wayne was . born in Chester j County, Pennsylvania, on the 1st of January, 1745. He was the son of an Irishman, who emigrated to this J country iu the year 1722, anti afterward became a member of the provincial assembly and an officer in the various 1 military expeditions which were fitted out against the Indians. After leaving school, in which his attention to the mathematical sciences was marked, Anthony Wayne j became a surveyor. That calling he followed for a turn- : her of years, devoting part of his time, however, to various county offices to which he had been chosen. In 1774 he was one of the provincial deputies who met in Philadelphia to deliberate upon the state of affairs, and was also a member of the convention and of the Legislature. In 1775 he was a member of the committee of safety. Before the close of that year he had raised a regiment for immediate service, and, as its commander, he joined .General Sullivan for duty in Canada. He was iu the engagement of Three Rivers. He had command of five regiments at Tieonderoga and Mount Independence utini May, 1777, when he joined General Washington, in Xew Jersey, and aided in driving the enemy out of that State. Ho was defeated at Paoli, by a superior force, when in command, as brigadier-general, of fifteen hi ndred men. General Wayne led the attack of the American right wing at Germantown, and gave much efficient service to j the American cause. He fought nobly at the battle of i Monmouth. When Stony Point was to be captured, 1 General Wayne was fixed upon by Washington as the proper man for the service, and he fulfilled the exjxeta- i lions of his commander. The place was defended by -ax hundred men and a strong battery of artillery. At midnight. he led his troops with unloaded muskets. Hints out, and fixed bayonets, and, without firing a single gun, carried the fort by storm, and took five, hundred and forty-three prisoners, tie was struck iu the attack bv a musket ball, in the head, ami was supposed to have received a mortal wound. lie called to his aids to curry him forward am! let him die in the fort. But he did not die. He recovered his health in time to take part in the Northern campaign in 1781. After the surrender of

Cornwallis, General Wayne was assigned to the command of Georgia, and succeeded in driving the enemy from that State. When the war closed he remained in Georgia, being a member of the Constitutional Convention of that State, and also served for a short time as a member of Congress.

After the defeat of St. Clair, General Washington looked for some man who could recover the laurel - we had lost by that disaster. His choice was finally fixed upon General Wayne. In the Summer of 1792 that officer repaired to Pittsburg, when he proceeded to recruit and discipline an army. On the 80th of April, 1793, General Wayne moved from his winter-quarters to the neighborhood of Fore Washington. They set out for the North on tiie 7th of October. I

On the 28th of July, Wayne having been joined by - General Scott, with sixteen hundred mounted Kentuckians, moved forward to the Maumee. By the 8th of I August the army had arrived near the junction of the Auglaize ovith that stream, and commenced the erection of Fort Defiance at that point. The Indians, having learned from a deserter of the approach of Wayne's J army, hastily abandoned their head-quarters at Auglaize, ; and thus defeated the plan of M ayne to surprise them, for which object he had cut two roads, intending to march I by neither. At Fori Defiance, Wayne received full in- | j formation of the Indians, and the assistance they were to derive from the volunteers at Detroit and vicinity. Or j by Washington, he sent Christian Miller, who had [ been naturalized among the Sliawnees, as a special mes- ! senger to offer terms of friendship. Impatient of delay, | he moved forward, and on the lGth met Miller on his i return with the message that if. the Americans would j wait ten days at Grand Glai/e [Fort Defiance], they (the Indians) would decide for peace or war. Oil the 18th the auny arrived at Roche de Btcuf, just south of , the site of Waterville, where they erected some light j works as a place of deposit for their heavy baggage, which was named Fort Deposit. During the 19th the army labored at their works, and about eight o'clock on the morning of the 20th moved forward to attack the Indians, who were encamped on the hank of the Maumee, at and around a hill called Presque Isle, about two miles south of the site of Maumee City, and four south of the British Fort Miami. From Wayne's report of the battle, we make the following extract:

"The legion was ou the right, its flank covered by the Maumee; one brig: de of mounted volunteers ou the left, under Brigadier-general Todd, and die other in the rear, under Brigadier-general Barbee. A select but mi ion of mounted volunteers moved iu front of the legion, commanded by Major Price, who was directed to keep >uf- ficiently advanced, so as to give timely, notice tor the troops to form in case of action, it being yet undetermined whether the Indians would decide for peace or war.

"After advancing about five miles, Major Price's corps received so severe a fire from the enemy, who were secreted in the woods and high grass, as to compel them to retreat. The legion was immediately formed in two lines, principally in a close thick wood, which extended for miles on our left, and for a very considerable distance in front ; the ground being covered with old fallen timber (probably occasioned by a tornado), which rendered it impracticable for the cavalry to act with effect. and afforded the enemy the most favorable covert for their mode of warfare. The savages were formed in three lines, within supporting distance of each other, and extending for near two miles at right angles with the river. I soon discovered, from The weight of the fire and extent of their lines, that the enemy were in full force in front, in possession of their favorite ground, and endeavoring to turn out left flank. I therefore gave orders for the second line to advance and support the first; and directed Majorgeneral Scott to gain and turn the right flank of the savages, with the whole force of the mounted volunteers, by a circuitous route; at the same time I ordered the front dine to advance and charge with trailed anus, and rouse the Indians from their coverts at the point of the bayonet, and when up, to deliver a close and well-directed fire on their backs, followed by a brisk charge, so as not to give them time to load again.

"I also ordered Captain Mis Campbell, who commanded the legionary cavalry, to turn the left flank of the enemy' next the river, and which afforded a favorable field for that corps to act in. All these orders were obeyed with spirit and promptitude; hut such was the impetuosity of the charge by the first line of infantry, that the Indians and Canadian militia and volunteers were drove from all their coverts in so short a time that, although every possible exertion was used by the officers of the second line of the legion, and by Generals Scott, Todd, and Barbee, of the mounted volunteers, to gain their proper positions, but part of each could get up in season to participate in the action; the enemy being drove, in the course of one hour, more than two miles through the thick woods already mentioned, by less than one -half their numbers. From every account the enemy amounted to two thousand combatants. The troops actually engaged against them were short of nine hundred. This horde of savages, with their allies, abandoned themselves to flight, and dispersed with terror and di-may, leaving our victorious army iu full an l cpiict possession of the field of battle, which terminated under the influence 'of the guns of the British garrison.

" The bravery and conduct of every officer belonging to the army, from the general-' down to the ensigns, merit my highest approbation. There were, however, some whose rank and situation placed theic conduct in a very conspicuous point of view7, and which I observed with pleasure and the most lively gratitude. Among whom, I must beg leave to mention Brigadier-general 'Wilkinson and Colonel Haintramck, the commandants of the right and left wings of the legion, whose brave example inspired the troops. To those I must add the names of my faithful and gallant aides-de-camp, Captains De Butt and T. Lewis, and Lieutenant Harrison, who, with the adjutant-general, Major Mills, rendered the most essential service by communicating my orders iu every direction,

" The loss of the enemy was more than that of the Federal army. The woods were strewed for a considerable distance with the -dead bodies of Indians and their white auxiliaries, the latter armed with British muskets and j bayonets.

"We remained three clays and nights on the banks of i the Maumee, in front of the field of battle, during which time all the houses and corn-fields were consumed and destroyed for a considerable distance, both above and below Fort Miami, as well as within pistol-shot of the garrison, who were compelled to remain tacit spectators to this general devastation and conflagration, among which were the houses, stores, and properly of Colonel McKee, the British Indian agent and principal stimulator of the

The loss of the Americans in this battle was thirtythree killed and one hundred wounded, including five officers among the killed, and nineteen wounded.

One of the Canadians taken in the action estimated the force of the Indians at about fourteen hundred. He also stated that about seventy Canadians w ere with them, and that Colonel McKee, Captain Elliott, and Simon Girty were in the field, hut at a respectful distance, and near the river. When the broken remains of the Indian army were pursued under the British fort, the soldiers could scarce he restrained font storiuiug it. This, independent of its results in bringing on a wav with Great Britain, would have been a desperate measure, as the fort mounted ten pieces of artillery, and was garrisoned by ment proper to attack such a strongly fortified place. \\ bile the troops remained in the vicinity, there did not J appear to be any communication between the garrison and the savages. The gates were shut against them, anti j their rout and slaughter witnessed with apparent uneon- | corn by the British. The Indians were astonished at the ! lukewarmness of their allies, and regarded the tort, in case of defeat, as a place of refuge.

On the 27th Wayne's army returned to Fort Defiance, j by easy marches, laying waste tie villages aud eoru-tklds j of the Indians for about titty miles on each side of the I Maumee.

Pioneers And Soldiers

and was followed, the next year, bv the treaty of Green- I viiie. This was a substantial and well-observed compact, and the people of Ohio and Eastern Indiana had no cause J to complain of the Indian tribes, until just, before the war of 1812. It covered the Wyandcts, Delawares, Shawnees, j Miamis, Ottawas, Chinpcwas, Pottowatiomies, Ivickapoos, Knskaskias, Weas, the Eel River tribe, and the Piaukeshavs.

General Wayne died at Presque Isle (now Erie), | Pennsylvania, of gout, while on his way from Detroit to I Philadelphia, December 1-1, 175)6, a few days before lie j was fifty-one years of age. His remains were interred, at [ his own request, under the flag-staff of the fort on the i shore of Lake Erie, but were removed by his son, Colonel 1 Isaac Wayne, in 1809, to Radnor churchyard, near the j where an elegant monument was erected in his honor by | the Cincinnati Society of Pennsylvania. "Mad Anthony" was one of the best generals of the Revolution. He was a man apparently of great rashness, and yet no one acted, in a time of emergency, with greater coolness and foresight. His name is inseparably connected with this State.

John Roily, a member of the constitutional convert- j lion which formed the organic law of Ohio, a brave soldier, i and a devoted patriot, was born in Chester County, Penn- j sylvania, on the tenth day of April, 1763. His career is j interwoven with the whole lustory of Butler County and Ohio. Mr. Reily's parents were fanners, and removed j with him to Staunton, Augusta County, Virginia, when j he was about five or six years of age. Just before the out- j break of the Revolutionary war, this was on the frontier j line of settlements, and the pioneers were much exposed i to attacks front Indians, who were bloodthirsty and re- j vengeful. Their lands had been taken from them by the whites, and a continual warfare existed between them j and the strangers, as far west as Kentucky, which was j then just receiving its first emigrants. In et eh neighbor- j hood a block-house, answering the purpose of a tort, was ! erected, to which all the families fled when danger seemed near. In October, 1774. a battle was fought at the mouth ! of the Great Kanawha River, between the Indian chief Cornstalk and his warriors, and the Virginia troops under j the command of General Andrew Lewis. Mr. Reiiy dis- | tinctly remembered this, although he was at the time only - eleven years old, as well as the circumstance that the family retreated tor protection to a small fort near Staunton, j

The youth matured early in those days. It was ncces- j sary to cultivate a habit of self-reliance, as each man j needed all his faculties about him. At seventeen, John Roily f»4t the duty of taking his part in the great struggle which was going on between his countmm n anil the armies of Great Britain. He joined the Southern Department, then under the command of Nathaniel Greene, tiie Quaker general, who had been appointed to the com- I maud on the 22d of October, 1780. The movements of that army were numerous. It made long marches, it fought many battles, it contested every inch of ground, and finally compelled Cornwallis to retreat for re-enforce- I ments to Yorktown, where later on he was captured by the united American and French forces.

The first battle in which Mr. Kelly took an active part was that of Guilford Court-house, which was fought on the loth of March. 1781. There were about forty- - four hundred on the American side, thirty-one hundred of whom were raw militia or half-equipped regulars, and ; on the enemy's side there were two thousand four him- j dred regular troops. They lost six hundred killed and - wounded, while the Americans had four hundred and fifty I killed and wounded, with eight hundred missing. The British also captured several cannon. They claimed the victory, but had no such decided preponderance that they could afford to wait and gather the fruits, and a few days later began to retreat, closely pursued by General Greene.

Camden was the next battle. It was a severe and hard-fought contest, in which Greene received the worst of it. lie consequently withdrew , hut Cornwallis was not in sufficient spirits to follow. Shortly after, he burned | his works at Camden, and retreated to the North.

Soon after this, the American army invested the town of Ninety-six, which bad been strongly fortified. Learning j that Lord Eawdon was approaching, Gvr-ene determined ' to carry the works by assault, and made the attempt; but i it failed, after much slaughter. The last affair of couse- j queuce iu which Mr. Roily was engaged was the battle of Eutaw Springs, in South Carolina, on Lhc 8th of September. The A met leans attacked the British with great i spirit, early in the morning, which was met with courage i and determination. After a long hand-to-hand conflict, Lee, who had turned the British left flank, charged them In the rear. They yielded, and their line was completely broken. The company to which Mr. Reilv belonged, heated with patriotic fire, pursued them so vigorously that they were divided from their own .troops, so that they had to make a wide circuit. The day was so distressingly hot that when the company came to a brook on their way back, they rushed into the stream up to their knees, and - dipped the water with their hands, to assuage their thirst. There was a large number engaged on each side, ab-.ut two thousand. This engagement terminated the .active efiorts of the British in that portion of the country, and practically was the end of the Southern campaign. Tiie army soon after was dissolved, and Mr. Roily, after eighteen months of service, was discharged, with a certificate of honorable service, signed by George Washington himself.

He returned to his home in Virginia, where he remained about two years. Thou, becoming excited by the favorable accounts of the West, which was just then getting settled, -he left his father':- home in Virginia, and went out to Keutnekv. He had not vet reached twenty- one years of age. His sister lived at that time in Danville, Lincoln County, and at her house he remained for five or six years, making it his home. He labored on the farm each Summer and Winter, excepting -when he was employed as a carpenter, although he had never regularly learned that trade. He also made plows, harrows, and other agricultural implements for the use of the settlers, and during the last year of his residence in Kentucky he taught an English school. The settlement of Ohio was then just commencing, and Mr. Reily concluded to cast in his lot with those who were beginning the new commonwealth. He came to Columbia, now the eastern part of Cincinnati, on the 18th of December, 1789.

That place was begun by Major Benjamin Stites. There was little provision in the neighborhood, and the colonists were obliged to gather roots and bear grass for food. The roots of the latter were pounded up into a kind of flour, which served as a substitute in making bread. Several settlers who were in Columbia subsequently became residents of Butler County, among others Sir. Benjamin Randolph and Mr. James Seward. An attack being made on Dunlap's Station, now Colerain, on the 10th of January, 1791, the patriotic citizens of Columbia turned out in their . defense, and among them was Mr. Reily. They armed themselves with rifles, and, mounted on the best horses that could be procured, set out for the relief of the settlement. Mr. Reily and Thomas Moore, who was afterward of Butler County, were directed to proceed a short distance in advance, as pickets, to give notice if the enemy should appear. On reaching tin fort, they found that the siege had been abandoned, and that the garrison had sustained but little injury. There had been a vigorous effort to take the place by assault, but the attack lmd been frustrated.

On the 21s!; of June, 1790, Mr. Reily opened an English school at Columbia, which was the first one taught in the place (or, indeed, -in the whole Miami country), which he continued as long as he resided there. In 1791. Francis Dunlevv, who was afterward the first judge of the Court of Common Pleas in this county, joined Mr. Reilv at Columbia, and took part in the conduct of his school. Mr. Dunlevv taught the classical department, and Mr. Reilv the English. This they continued for some time, but it was finally abandoned when Mr. Reily found other and more active occupations. Judge Dunlevv afterward removed to Warren County, where he lived until 1839.

After St. Clair's defeat, General Wilkinson issued a call for volunteers to accompany an expedition he was about to send out for the purpose of burying the dead. A company was formed at Columbia, under command of Captain John S. Gnno, of which Mr. Reily was a member. They wore joined by two other com panic." at Porr Washington, and by two hundred regular soldier.-, in one of these companies William Henry Harrison, afterward President, was an ensign. They skirted on the 2f>th of January, General James \\ iikhison commanding.

i There was a very heavy snow on the ground, which j ! obliged them to take sleds along, to carry their provisions I 1 and baggage. The first night they encamped near the j I present site of the college, at College Hill, seven miles j ! from the city; the next morning they arrived at Fort j j Hamilton, where they stayed a couple of days. John S. j | Gano acted as major. On the 28th they crossed the ! j river, with their horses and baggage, on the ice, about where the Junction railroad now bridges the river. They took the old trace opened up by General -St. Clair, and that night encamped at Seven-mile Creek. The next day they reached Fort Jefferson, which was under the charge J of Captain Shaylor.

and the 'severity of the weather, he would abandon oneobject of the expedition, which was to destroy an Indian ! town, on a branch of the Wabash, fifteen miles below Sk .i Clair's battle-ground, directing the return of the regular j j soldiers, who were on foot, to Fort Washington, as they j j would not be needed, and stating that he would proceed j j with the mounted volunteers and the public sleds to the j 1 battle-ground, for the purpose of bringing away such i ] artillery and other property as might he recovered.

The next day they continued their march, and en- j ! camped within eight miles of their destination. On the j | ensuing day, at eleven o'clock, thev arrived at the field ]

I of the disastrous defeat, and encamped where St. Clair's i j artillery had stood, with a view of beating down the snow j | to facilitate their finding the object of their search - cannon i j and corpses. On their last day's march, when within four !

| miles of the field of battle, where the pursuit had ceased , I j the scene, even though covered with snow, was most me!- j i ancholy. The bodies of the slain laid strewed along the j been dragged from under the snow and mutilated by wild ! beasts. One of the party counted seventy-eight bodies ( j between the point where the pursuit terminated and the j i battle-field. Xo doubt there were mauv more who, find- 1

Having dug a large pit - a work ojf much isuor, as ! they were poorly supplied with «pades and other implements - the} proceeded to collect and burv the dozen [ bodies. Probably not more than one-half.- however, were interred, as they worked at it only on the day of their arrival. They were so numerous, however, that when all were piled together and covered with earth, it raised a considerable mound. Here, in the silent gloom of the beech woods, reposes many a heart which once boat warm to every impulse of honor and noble feeling which elevates our race.

They found that the artillery, with the exception of one six-pounder, had been dismounted and carried off or secreted, and some of the carriages had been burned. After encamping on the ground nearly two clays and two nights, the party returned to Cincinnati, taking with them the field-piece above mentioned, two uninjured guncarriages, the irons of the carriages that were burnt, and a few muskets. Many of the volunteers were badly frost* bitten on the march. Mr. Eeily said the snow was so deep that in moving about it gave them great annoyance by getting in at the top of their leggings.

In 1791 Mr. Eeily had purchased a tract of land, about seven miles from Cincinnati, in the same quartersection on a part of which the town of Carthage has since been laid out. In 1793 he gave up his interest in the school at Columbia to his friend Mr. Dunlevy, and associated with himself Mr. Prior, the two owning land near each other, and prosecuting their improvements jointly. Ail did not go well with them, however. Their horses were soon stolen, and they suffered other injuries from the Indians. They had not been long at this new business when Mr. Prior undertook to make a trip from Fort "Washington to Fort Hamilton, in company with others. On their way, the men were attacked by the Indians, and Mr. Prior was killed.

Mr. Eeily was left alone, and concluded to abandon fanuin.<'». He returned to Columbia, and resumed teachiag, which he continued until April, 1794, when he went to Cincinnati, and was employed in the office of General John S. Gain), then clerk of the Court of Hamilton County. Here lie remained until 1709, acting as deputy, and conducting a large portion of the business of the office. In this situation he received high encomiums from the attorneys and others who had business with the court, for the neatness and accuracy with which his books were kept.

The people of the Territory held, their first election for representatives to the General Assembly in 1799, and those elected began their sessions at Cincinnati on the 16th of September. John Eeily was elected clerk, and served as such until their adjournment on the 19th of December following. He acted in the like capacity for the next two sessions, and was heartily esteemed by those with whom iie was associated. He devoted liis entire time to the duties of his office, filling them with ability and discretion.

When Cincinnati had a charter granted to it, John Iteily was made one of the town trustees, and at the first meeting he was elected the clerk and collector, lie

| became one of the stockholders of the first public library | iu the Northwest, and, sixty years after, was the next to | the last survivor. He was made one of the receivers of | money for the United States arising out of the claims of j persons residing on Symmes's purchase for relief, and | with William Goforth was appointed a board to hear | and determine such claims. Mr. Eeily acted as clerk of ! this board, made a map of the country where the claims | lay, prepared the report on the claims adjudicated, aud j entered those allowed on the map and the record. The 1 next year lie was renewed in the same office, Dr. John

In 1802 the Congress of the United States passed ' an [ act to enable the people of the eastern division of the j territory northwest of the river Ohio to form a constiluj tiou and State government, and for the admission of such | State into the Union on an equal footiug with the origj inal States, and for other purposes," which was approved the 30th of April. The law fixed the boundaries of the State, and authorized the citizens within its limits to elect representatives to a convention to form a constitution. The election was held ou the second Tuesday of October following, and the convention met in Chillicothe on the first Monday of November. Mr. Eeily was -elected*-' one of the representatives of Hamilton County, which then j embraced Butler ; and, though he did nut take much [ part in ihe debates, his industry and strict attention to j business, and the confidence placed by his feliow-meaiUrs i in his judgment and experience, gave him a very perceptible influence in the convention. That body continued in session twenty nine days, and formed the first constitution of the State. It met with the approbation of the people, and they lived under it many years.

.Mr. Eeily moved to Hamilton in. 1803, being the J agent of die proprietors of Rossville, aud resided here until the time of his death. Some of the buildings of the old fort were yet standing, and many of the pickets which had made the melosur. were still to be seen. The inhabitants of the town weie few iu number, and had been chiefly soldiers of the various armies. After tho erection of the county of Butler Mr. Eeily acted as the clerk of the court. He held the office under successive J reappointments until the fourteenth day of March, 1840, a period of nearly thirty-seven years, when he declined further service. He was also clerk of the Supreme Court of Butler County from the 1 1th of October. 1803, until the 3d of May, LS42, when he resigned. Judge Burnet states that this was a longer term than any other person had held such an office, with the exception of Mr. Hugh Boyle, of Faufield Couuiv.

The only lawyer residing in Hamilton at that time I was W illiam Curry, whoso other \\.i< in the same room I in which Mr. Eeily kept his. Mr. Brilv was appoint- d i the first recorder of Butler Count) i:i 181*3, aud held the position uni.il May, 1811, when lie was succeeded by

Mr. Kelly was also clerk of the board of county conmds- j ing tribute to his memory. Resolutions were adopted sioners from 1803 to 1819, when he resigned. His ster- j by the bar, which wore ordered to be entered upon ling qualities and thorough practical knowledge of the I the journal of the court, and adjournment then took routine of the office gave him a great influence with the i place.

successive boards. Iu fact, during the time he held the ! He died on Friday. On Sunday a discourse was proposition he had the chief management and control of the j nounccd by the Rev. William Davidson, of the United finances of the county, and conducted them with great j Presbyterian Church, and the body was conveyed to its prudence. i last resting-place in Greenwood Cemetery, which had

In 1804, under the administration of Thomas JefFer- j been opened only a short time before. The attendance son, a post-office was established in Hamilton, of which j at the funeral was vast. People came from every town- Mr. Rcilv was appointed postmaster. His commission i ship in the county, as well as from over the border and was signed by Gideon Granger, postmaster-general, and j'.from Indiana. The solemnities were rendered more imbears date August 2, 1804. This was then, the western- ! pressive by the presence of many old men, who had most post-office north of the Ohio. He held this place j been associated with him in the foundation of the eornuutil July, 1832, when he resigned, being succeeded by | tnon wealth which had now grown so great.

Reily was made a trustee, and served in that capacity j Elijah Vance, a member of the. convention from Butler for many years. He was its president until the organ!- j County, arose and said : zation of the college in 1824, when by law the president of the college, by virtue of his office, became president of the board of trustees. He was always a warm friend of this institution, attending the meetings of the board with regularity. For years his name appears in the newspapers as secretary. He resigned his trusteeship iu 1840, on account of advanced age and the inconvenience of being so often absent from Lome.

Mr. Reily was a man of the utmost regularity of habits. He came to his room at a certain hour, and departed from it at a certain hour. His papers were all methodically filed away, and he could at any time refer to any j paper with which he had any thing to do, although it might have been a quarter of a century before. , He tr.usted nothing to another person which it was possible himself to do. He held office many years, and during the whole course of his life his integrity and veracity

" Mr. Speaker, - I have been induced, sir, by a letter which has been placed in mv hands by an honorable member of this convention, to announce to tins body the decease of Mr. John Reily, late of Butler County. It is known, perhaps, to every member upon this floor that the deceased was one of the members of the convention which framed the present constitution of Ohio, and that he had been for many years a citizen of the Northwest Territory or the State of Ohio."

" He was a man of many peculiarities, but of the most strict and. uncompromising integrity. Iu every department of life be was faithful and scrupulously honest. It is an incident worthy of profound contemplation that, at the very period of time in which oar people are seeking to enlarge the sphere of constitutional liberty - while were never questioned, nor does the writer recollect in j they are about to bid farewell to the constitution under any of the old newspapers whose flies he has examined j which they have lived and prospered for near fifn years, an attack upon his character - an exemption which no j and to seek enlarged ble dugs undei a new form - the one else enjoyed. JTis judgment was excellent, bis mem- J mind that so largely aided in dillusing these blessings my good, his patriotism of the highest. He took part ! under the guarantee afforded by organic law, ha.- been in the Revolution while still a mere boy; he was an actor | remodeled, regenerated, and prepared for usefulness iu a he discharged important trusts to his fellow-men when he I Mr. Speaker, 1 offer for adoption the following resliad reached chc maturity of his powers. He was fre- \ olutions: queutly a trustee of estates or guardian of children, and j " Rt'xolved, That this convention has heard with deep occupied other fiduciary positions. He was educated iu J sensibility the annunciation of the death of John Rcilv, the Presbyterian faith, and liberally coutiibuted to the I Esquire, late of the county of Butler, a soldier of the

He also gave largely to | Revolution, one of the early pioneers of the West, one I who filled important trusts under the territorial gi.veru- ! meat, and one of the framers of the present constitution i of Ohio.

His death occurred in Hamilton on the 7th of June 187)0. Ho was then eight v-seven years of age. Ife hr. enjoyed good health luarlv all his iife, and hi- death 1 ''R itlol, That this convention deeply <vnu>ath!/.e

"Mr. President, - I hope I maybe pardoned for rising ! to make a few remarks by way of seconding the resoiu- \ tions offered by the |iouorable member from Butier. I j live in an adjoining county to that in which the deceased - resided, and have been intimately acquainted with him | for a period of some thirty years. I first ' became acquainted with Mr. Roily about the year 1821, just after I had commenced the practice of law, and was uniformly in the habit of attending the courts of Butler County, in the practice of my profession, whilst he was clerk of the Court of Common Pleas and of the Supreme Court of that county. I know that I speak the sentiments of every j member of the profession who had the good fortune and : the pleasure of practicing in the Court of Common Pieas i of Butier County during the time he was clerk of the ; the court, when I bear witness to the urbanity of his de- ; meaner and the politeness and courtesy which he always : bestowed upon every member, and especially upon the i younger members of the profession. Toward the latter j his deportment was peculiarly kind and paternal.

" In some respects Mr. Reilly was a most extraordinary man; and, as the gentleman from Butler has well remarked. in the qualities of punctuality and honesty and i the most strict, and marked integrity I do not think he ! had his superior any where. During the whole period of | my service on the bench of the Court of Common Pleas he was clerk of the court, which brought us into official relation. During more than thirty years that he served as clerk of the court, he discharged bis duties with the j strictest fidelity and utmost punctuality. Indeed, as a | clerk he was a model. As an instance of his rigid punctuality, he never knowingly permitted any large amount | of fees to accumulate in his office without paying them | over to those who were entitled to receive them. This j a as a rule with Mr. Ileilv which, in my opinion, made him an exception to any other gentleman I have known who filled that office. lie did not usually wait until the witnesses or other persons having money collected in his i office would call for it, but would seek opportunities of ; searching tor the claimant, and sending it to him as soon j as collected. I mention this as an instance of his scrupulous honesty.

"eras of that county were always managed during the period in which Mr Ileilv. to a very considerable extent, hail their oversight and management, riueh was the ! ''ore and attdnrion which lie bestowed in the discharge of 'be duties of *everv office he was called to li!! that uo S

" I had the pleasure of an interview with Mr. Roily in the month of March last, at his' own residence. I have been uniformly in the habit, since, from the infirmities of age, he has been almost wholly confined u*t his house, of calling on him on all proper occasions when visiting the town in which lie resided. The interview to which I refer was after the passage of the law of the last . session of the General Assembly which, has called this assembly together. ;Mr. Roily was emphatically a gentleman of the old school. lie had his principles and opinions, and was firm in the maintenance of them; at the 'same time paying due respect and regard to the opinions of others. On the occasion referred to lie spoke of his Revolutionary services, and of the proceedings of the convention of 1802. He looked forward with deep interest to the proceedings cf this convention, and remarked to me that, although he felt the inconveniences and defects of the present constitution, still he looked forward with some forebodings as to what might be the result of the deliberations of this convention. At the same time that he acknowledged the defects in the existing constitution, he was apprehensive that, amidst the turmoil and excitement of contending parties, the public good might be sacrificed to party feeling, and the organic law of the State despoiled of some of its essential provisions. Mr. Roily, in the ordinary acceptation of the term, was not a partisan. He never obtruded his opinions upon an}* one. When he formed opinions he maintained them upon all proper occasions with becoming firmness and commendable modesty.

" If I am not mistaken, he was originally attached to the Federal parly. My impression is (though in this I may be in error) that at one period he supported the claims of General Jackson for the presidency. It is proper, also, to remark that in his latter years he- was attached to the Whig party. But no one ever heard him condemn any map, or set of men, for entertaining and expressing political opinions different front his own. He was perfectly tolerant and gentlemanly in his deportment toward every person with whom he came in eontact, amiable and courteous- in his manners and in uH bisocial relations. Fail of years, honored and respected by all who knew him. lie has gone from among us. But his memory will live after him, highly esteemed as he was when living, and revered -when dead. Respectable for his intelligence and official qualifications - permit me, Mr. President, to say that, in my estimation, the crowning glory of his life was his spotless purity, hi- scrupulous honesty, and his unsullied integrity. He lived and died a humble, pious Christian."

Mr. Edward Archhold, a meiub< r of the convention from Monroe Count}', rose and said that, thou-h an -. ut i re stranger to the deceased, he joined heartily in the honorable testimonials which had been ollered by the gentlemen from Butler and Warren. He had learned ! that there were "but four or live members of the convention which framed the present constitution of Ohio now living, and that from the time he was returned a delegate to this convention till lie came up to this place he had -indulged the idea of obtaining the services of some one of these time-honored survivors to preside during the preliminary organization, and perform those duties which were so ably discharged by his friend, the senior member from the county of Wayne (Mr. Harwell). He had thought that while such a thing would constitute au ap- | propriate expression of respect for those honored and honorable representatives of the past, it might also reflect j a very wholesome influence upou the convention itself. ;

Mr. John Larwell then moved that, as a further testimonial of respect for the memory of the deceased, the convention now adjourn, which was carried.

Mr. Reily was married on the sixth day of February, 1808, to Miss Nancy Hunter, a daughter of Joseph Hunter, who was 'living in the neighborhood of Hamilton. IStrs. Reily died July 18, 1881. They had three sons and two daughters. Joseph II. Reily, who was born November 8, 1809. was educated at the Miami University. | He possessed a natural taste for art, and painted many * portraits and landscapes, which are still in the possession | of our older families. He died at Hamilton, on the j twentieth day of March, J 840, in -the same room in which j he was born.

James Reily was born July o, 181 1 , and was graduated j at the Miami University in 1829. He studied law with i John Woods, of Hamilton, auu practiced for a while in | Mississippi, hut went from there to Texas. During the 1 short life of that republic as a -separate government, he 1 was sent to Washington as its minister-plenipotentiary. | He became a large. landholder, and at the beginning of i the Rebellion entered the Confederate serv ce. He was ! killed at the'hcod of his regiment, when leading them at ; the battle of Bayou Teche, in 18(53. He married a niece j of Henry Clay, a Miss Ross, who is now also dead.

Robert Iteilv was born June 1, 1820, and was in mercantile business in Cincinnati. In the war of the j llebcliion ho was a field officer in the Seventy -fifth Ohio Infantry, doing much fighting, and receiving deserved j encomiums. Ou the 30th of April, 1862, at the battle of j Chancellorsville, Reily, who was then the colonel of the ! regiment, received a severe wound at the close of the day, of which he died on the 3th of May, 18(53. His I troops had been handled admirably, and there was a universal manifestation of regret at his loss.

Caroline Reiiv, the oldest daughter, died in infancy. | The younger, Jane II. Reily, who was born October 0, 1815, is still living. -She. is the wife of Lewis 1). Campbell, formerly Member of Congress, and one of the most i influential men in the nation. A full sketch of him will be found elsewhere. Mrs. Reily made her home with him and her daughter until her decease.

General Richard Butler

Richard Butler, after whom this county was named, was born in Ireland. "VY ith his brothers, he came to America before 1760, and was for a long time in the Indian trade. Just before the outbreak of the American War he was settled in Pennsylvania, where his courage and knowledge of character made him a man of influence. It was a matter of great importance to persuade the Indians not to take up arms against us, and as agent and interpreter he went to Fort Pitt, in April, 1776. hoping to dissuade the Six Nations from entering the field as our antagonists. They were the most powerful of all the Indian tribes, and had been able to maintain their independence against both the French and English. With the latter, however, they had formed an alliance at the close of the war that added Canada to the British dominions, and, while not unfriendly to the Americans, it was feared that the solicitations of English agents would finally turn them from neutrals iuto enemies. Mr. Butler met the Indians in formal conference, and during their meetings delivered three speeches, two to Kiosola, the leading Indian chief, and one to the Delawares, who were in a "sense subsidiary to the Iroquois. His efforts were for the time successful ; Kiosola declared himself in favor of the Americans, and every thing promised prosperously, but the current of feeling was too strong for the chief, and he and the Six Nations finally drifted into an alliance with the English, a movement which proved in the end fatal to the confederated tribes.

Butler was made a lieutenant-colonel of the PennsvIvania line at the beginning of the war, and in the Spring of 1(77 was lieutenant-colonel of Morgan's rifle corps, which was present at the battle of Saratoga, and distinguished himself by his conduct on several occasions. He was in the battle of Monmouth. While with a detachment commanded by General La ta vet te, near Williamsburg, Virginia, on tne 26th of January. 1781, he attacked Colonel Simeoe's rangers, gainio_ the advantage. He held the rank of colonel of the Ninth Pennsylvania regiment at the close of the war, and acted as a commissioner iii settling affairs with the Indians at about (hat time. He took up ins resilience in Carlisle, where with General Irvine and General Armstrong, and a few ethers, an agreeable society was formed. In cor, junction with these officers, he quelled a mutiuv at Fort Pirt.

In 1784 lie was one of the United States commissioners at a treaty held at Fort Stanwix, New York. His fellow commissioners were t Miver Wolcott, of Connecticut, and Arthur Lee, of Virginia. It. does imt appear that they had any particular knowledge of the Indian character, and. the hulk of the business tell upon General Butler. New York State sent a commissioner, PeCer Schuyler, o protect her interests, as tlie chief portion of the lands j which were indisputably in the possession of the Six Nations were within her limits, and for all west of' New j York a treaty some twenty years old was in existence. | The United States commissioners adopted a very high and j lofty tone to the Indians, and but for the conciliatory j policy adopted by New York in her treatment it is prob- ! able an Indian warfare would have broken out, retarding the settlement of Western New York, as, at the same | time, Indian troubles did the territory northwest of the ' Ohio. The Indians advocated their side at this meeting j with much ability. -

General Butler subsequently attended at Fort Mein- j tosh, and in September, 1785, left his home in Carlisle j to proceed to the Miami, where it was thought desirable a treaty should he made. He kept a journal, which is full of interesting matter. From it we learn that the journey was down the river, and occupied considerable j time. James Monroe, afterward President, and then a j Member of Congress, accompanied him a considerable I part of the way. Three months after starting, at the { mouth of the Great Miami, a treaty was concluded between the American commissioners - General Parsons, General Butler, and General Clark - and several tribes of -Indians. The honors were with General Butler, who delivered the principal address to the Indians. Tradition has imparted to this scene some startling particulars not j to he found corroborated in history.

In 1791 he joined the expedition of St. Clair, together with a brother, Colonel Butler. He was appointed second in command, and was charged with the arrangements necessary for the recruiting service. He established a rendezvous at Baltimore, and several points in Fennsyl. vania. Those enlisted east of the mountains assembled at Carlisle, \vhere they were disciplined and prepared to j march for the West. He. joined the army at Fort Hamilton, on the 27th of September, and the army was set in motion on the -1th of October, being led by General Butler. They crossed the river by wading At Fort i II amilton, General St, Claii issued an order prohibiting | more than two or three women for each company from | proceeding with the army. This, however, was disre- ! garded, and when the men commenced crossing the river they also plunged into the stream, but the water being deep, their progress was considerably obstructed by their clothes. Many of them got out of the water on the artil- j lery carriages, and rode over astride of the cannon.

We have elsewhere given an account of the march to the fatal field where St. Clair's army was destroyed. General Butler had been active and vigilant, aud when the attack came, on the 4th of November, fought bravely. He and General Sr. Clair were continually going up and down the lines. As one of them went up one line, the ! other was going down the other "line. About, an hour , after the charge made bv Major Thomas Butler's troops, j 1 'cneral Richard Butler was mortally wounded, when pass- 1 ing on the left of that battalion. Four soldiers put him in a j blanket, and carried him hack to have his wounds dressed j by a surgeon. They placed him in a sitting posture on the blanket, leaning against a tree. lie was vomiting blood at the time. Almost immediately afterward, while i the surgeon was examining General Butler's wounds, a single Indian, who had penetrated the ranks of the regiment, darted forward, and tomahawked and scalped the j general before his attendants were aware and could interfere. | been in the service of the United States, fighting nobly j for -us. His son has caused his journal to be published; and the other descendants of the family have filled high stations in Kentucky and Pennsylvania.

General St. Clair

Arthur St. Clair, once governor of the Northwest Territory, and a soldier of the Revolution, was a native of Edinburgh, Scotland, where he was born iu the vear 1735. He received a classical education, and afterward studied medicine. He became a surgeon in the British army, aud in that capacity crossed the ocean. He served under Wolfe, at Quebec, actively participating iu the fighting when that city was, taken, and previously being in General Amherst's army, as a member of the Sixtieth British Regiment, at the taking of Louisbourg, in 1758. ;

After the peace with France, in 17(13, he was assigned to the command of Fort Ligonier, in Western Pennsyl- ' j vania, receiving there a giant of a thousand acres of land. In 1771 he was commissioned as a justice of the peace of Bedford County, and by virtue of his office sat j as one of the judges. Iu 1773, upon the organization of Western Pennsvl vania into the county of Westmoreland, Arthur St. Clair was appointed prot honorary, or clerk of the court. St. Clair also represented the Penu family in the western portion of the colony, a highly honorable position. When the war broke out, he espoused the cause of the eolouists, and was appointed a colonel of Continentals. In six weeks Ik was ready for the field. A month after the Declaration of Independence he w..s ap- j pointed a brigadier-general, and served ns such in the battles of Princeton aud Trenton. The next vear lie was made a major-general, aud placed in command of Fort Ticonderoga, which, though garrisoned In two thousand men, he abandoned at the approach of Burgovne. For this action he was charged with incapacity and cowardice, but after a thorough investigation of the circumstances by a court-martial, ho was honorably acquitted, and Congress, by a unanimous vote, indorsed the deei.-ion - his action, hnwvver unj opular, being ju tilied as a wise one, since an attempt to hold the works must have result J iu defeat, with, a useless sacrifice of men whoso services were needed elsewhere, tic sewed during the following years in various parts of the cotmln , and was prc.-ml at

Yorktowu in 1781, at the surrender of Coimwallis. Sub- | sequently, he joined the army of General Greene, in the ' South, and when the war closed, returned to his home in ! Ligonier, and engaged in the labors of his farm. In ; 1786 he was appointed a delegate to the Continental Congress, and was soon after chosen president of that j august body. After the passage of an act for tire government of the Northwest Territory, he was appointed the governor, coming to Cincinnati, then Fort Washington., and organizing the county of Hamilton, in 1790. In 1791 he commanded the expedition known by his name, which had for its object, the punishment of the Indian? who lived on the tabled-anrl between the Lake and the Ohio (liver.

"General St. Clair," says Mr. Smacker, "received elaborate instructions from General Ivnox, the Secretary of War, and in April proceeded to Pittsburg to complete arrangements for raising bis army and organizing it. General Ki chard Butler, of Pennsylvania, a gallant j officer in the Revolution, who served with honor in Mor- i gan's rifle corps, and was the ranking officer of the Pennsylvania levies, was appointed the second officer in St. Clair's army. He was actively engaged, in the Spring and early Summer, in recruiting. Slowly the troops gathered at Fort Washington and Ludlow Station, six miles 'distant, when, oh the 17th of September, being then j 2,600 strong, they marched forward and built Fort j Hamilton, the first in the chain of forts to the Maumee, j being distant- twenty-two miles from Fort Washington, j On the 12th of October 'they commenced the erection of Fort Jefferson, forty-four miles front Fort Hamilton, within the present county of Darke, six miles from Greenville, the county scat, march was resumed, the fort having been completed. The commander-in-chief was suffering from sickness, tirovisions were not abundant, the roads were wet and heavy, the militia were daily deserting, and circumstances gener- j ally were ' unfavorable tor a successful campaign, the effective men now numbering only 1,500, not including those that were garrisoning Forts Hamilton and Jefferson supply -twins. Such being the condition of things on the evening of November -3d, when the army was encamped on a branch of the Wabash, now in Mercer Coiuitv, Ohio, within a mile or two of the Indiana State line and - in the south-western part of the county, five miles distant from the Darke County line. Here, on the morning of November 4, 1791, was defeated and tearfully cut up the army of General St. (.'lair by probably about 2,091) Indians, the miiitia being first, attacked, who gave way. The right wing or first line was commanded by General Butler, and the second line by Colonel Darke. The militia under the command of Colonel Oldham had twvu marched across the small, fordable stream, a tributarv of the Wabash, and encamped on high ground, about tour hundred yards distant from tin* first line, or right wing,

" The battle commenced early in the morning, and continued three or four hours. General St. Clair was evidently surprised, both as to the time of the attack and as to the strength of the enemy. He had no idea that the wily savages were present in such overwhelming numbers. In the last personal interview had with President Washington, St, Clair was reminded by him of the character of the enemy he was to encounter, and was, j moreover, earnestly and repeatedly admonished against being surprised. No marvel, therefore, ax the strong and emphatic expressions and very unusual manifestations of grier and disappointment by the President when hearing of the disastrous defeat of his former gallant and esteemed companion in arms/and of the almost total destruction of army ! -

"It maybe urged in extenuation that General. St. Clair failed, from some cause, to obtain a knowledge of certain facts that were reported to { 'olonel Oldham and General Butler by Captain Sleo, as the result of rc-eounoitering outside of the camp until midnight, and which facts were well calculated to raise the presumption of the presence of the enemy in considerable strength. Had the information obtained by Captain bloo been communicated. promptly to the comuiand-sr-in-chief lie would probably have been more vigilant.

"At about half an hour before sunrise (but alter the morning parade), the militia, posted as above indicated and while engaged in preparing their morning meal, were unexpectedly attacked by a large body of Indians, supposed commanded by the infamous renegade, >ihove rev, atmek upon calculated to successful, onslaught, their arms'), of the main some consternation and disorder, losely pursued, and in a short time the battle became general, the enemy being in force satin i. at to make simultaneous assaults aim i-t around the entire encampment of St. Clair's army. In General Si. Clair's official account of the battle it is stated that the groat weight of the enemy's fire was directed -.hictlv aguiust the center of the first and second liius, where, he had placed Ids artillery, and that his artillerbts wore moeatectly driven from their positions by the enemy, with great slaughter. Great confusion thereupon eu-mod, and C<.1 ouel Darke - ordered to make a bayonet charge ui»n the "mum , with a view of turning their kft flank. I'Dorder was executed with great spirit, and the Indian.- gave way and were driven hark three or four hundred vards; but. Ibr want of a sutHeient munL r of riticinen mou Girty. The distinguished ' Little Turtle, was chief commander of the Indians. An raw militia under circumstances well throw them into confusion was, of course, They made a small slmw of tight upon the finbur soon fieri (many of them throwing a wav ran over the creek and through the first line army, producing there The Indians to pursue this advantage, the Indians soon renewed xhe attack with much' vigor, being probably re-enforced, and Colonel Darke and bis troops were in turn obliged to ,rivc- way and retreat. A similar order, and with the same results, was executed in gallant style by the second regiment, composed of the battalions of Majors But- 1, r and Clark. For several hours these successes and reverses rapidly followed each other, continually resulting'', however, in great loss of life, especially among the officers. AIL the officers of the second regiment were killed or seriously wounded, except three; and when the artillery was all silenced every artillery officer had beers killed except Captain Ford, and he was badly wounded.

" For three hours the battle thus raged, and the conduct of the troops (after the flight of the militia at the commencement) was worthy of all praise. By this time more than half of the army had fallen, and an immediate retreat was decided upon. The remnant of the army was accordingly placed in position to march toward Fori Jefferson; hut to get possession of the road leading to that point another bayonet charge had to he made upon the enemy, which was attended with further loss of life. Tiie artillery was all abandoned, of necessity, as not a single artillery horse was left alive. During the entire engagement General St. Clair was in the thickest of the fight, and narrowly escaped with his life, a number of halls having passed through his clothes, and three horses being killed under him or as he was endeavoring to mount them. He left the field at last on a pack-horse, which he had hurriedly mounted after his third horse was shot, just before the retreat was ordered.

"The retreat, of course, was precipitate, a flight rather, the Indians pursuing the routed army for four miles, killing many that were unable, from various causes, to keep up with the main body, which reached Fort .Jefferson late in the day.

"Six hundred and thirty men were killed, and two hundred and forty were wounded, apt counting civilians, such as wagoners, drivers of cattle, pack-horsemen, and others. Quite a number of women - the wives of soldiers - were also killed or wounded. The proportion of officers lost in this disastrous campaign was unusually large. Aincug the conspicuous officers killed were General Richard Butler, Colonel Oldham, and Majors Ferguson, Hart, and Clark. Adjutant-general Winthrop Saigout, Colonel William Darke, Lieutenant-colonel Gibson, Major Butler, and the Viscount Malartie (the gen end's aid-de-camp) were of ,the wounded. Many captains, lieutenants, and other subaltern officers were also killed or wounded.

"At a council of war hold at Fort Jefferson on the' night of the 4th of November it was decided to return with all due speed to Fort W ashington, which point wa.- reached on the evening of the 8 th of November, the army leaving Fort Jefferson at ten o'clock at night, soon

"The principal tribes which General St. Clair's army ; encountered were the Delawares, Miami.', Shawnees, Wyandots, and Ottawa?, with some Chippewas. and Pot- | tawattomies. The number of warriors in the battle has never been ascertained; their estimated strength generally' ranges, however, between one thousand and three thousand. General St. Clair in his special report stated that ' he was overpowered by numbers ; that in a few minutes after the attack his whole camp, which extended I above- three hundred and fifty. yard? in length, was eni tirelv surrounded and attacked on all quarters.'

" General Sr. Clair made an official report of his engagement with the Indians to the Secretary of War, General Knox, under date of November 9th, and on the 12th of December that officer communicated its substance ! to Congress.

"General St. Clair, aware of the public odium that | rested -upon him, asked of the President the- appointment j of a court of inquiry to investigate his conduct. Tins ! was not deemed expedient ; but a committee of Congress was appointed, on motion of Mr. Giles, of Virginia, to consider the subject, who, after maturely deliberating upon the matter referred to them, reported ' that the causes of the failure of the expedition were the delay hi I preparing estimates for the defense of the frontiers and | the late passage of the act for that purpose ; the do!av | caused by neglect in the quartermaster's department; the j lateness of the season when the expedition was comj meueed ; and the want of discipline and experience it, the troops.' The report concluded with a full and eomi plete exoneration of General St. Clair - from all blame | in relation to every thing before and during the action '

! In commenting upon his honorable acquittal of all blame I by the committee of Congress appointed to inquire into j the causes of the failure of the expedition, and of the I concurrence therein by the Secretary of War, a;- given in a report to Congress, Judge Mar-diall, in his Life of ' Washington, remarks with his usual felicity of manner, j ' chat more satisfactory testimony hi favor of St. Clair is . j furnished by the circumstance that he s'ili retained the | uudimiuished esteem and good opinion of President W ashiugton.'

" Notwithstanding the foregoing facts, which were j highly favorable to him, Genera! Sr. < 'lair became v.-rv unpopular with the unthinking, inconsiderate masse?, and ; continued to be a greatiy maligned patriot. He had been ! defeated, and that was sufficient with the ignorant, the | thoughtless, and with superficial thinkers and these of | limited knowledge of the facts of the case, to bring ! down upon him, all over the country', ' one loud am! nu-ri oik?' outcry of abuse, and even tk testation. The undoubted patriotism, unflinching courage, an 1 emin nt | services to his country of General St. Clair were w* rse 1 requited by his countrymen, and his reputation held further below his real merits by them, than was the ease I with any other of. the many gallant chieftains who an- ! peaml upon tiie fiery theater of Western Indian warfare, j If our Western history furnishes a parallel to it, it is | presented in the ease of Captain Michael Cresap, with whose reputation his countrymen -have also dealt with exceeding harshness; and I might place General William Hull in the same category."

General St. Clair held the office of territorial governor until 1802, the year after the transference of the j capital from Cincinnati to Chill icothe, when he was re- j moved by President Jefferson. The reason of his re- : moval is stated by Judge Burnet to have been dissatis- j faction caused by his seeming disposition to enlarge his j own powers and restrict those of the territorial legisla- I tare, which was manifested in his veto of nineteen out of thirty bills passed at its first session. Judge- Burnet, in j his favor, adds: "He not only believed that the power j he claimed belonged legitimately to the executive, hut ; was convinced that the manner in which he exercised it was imposed on him as a duty by the ordinance, and 5 was calculated to advance the best interests of the Ter- j ritory." While in t he public service General St. Clair j had neglected his private interests, and at the close of ; his official career he returned to Ligonier, in Pennsyl- ; vania, poor, aged, and infirm. The State of Pennsylvania granted him an annuity, however, a few years | afterward, which comfortably supported him during the j remainder of his life. He was a man of superior abil- j itv, fair scholarship, and of unquestionable patriotism ! and integrity. He is described as having been, while in public life, plain and simple in his dress and equip- j age, open and frank in his manners, and accessible to j versons* of every rank. Iiis family consisted of one son i and three daughters. Arthur St. Clair, the son, was - many years ago a prominent lawyer in Cincinnati, and | was the first prosecuting attorney of Butler County. One of the daughters also lived here for many years. | Hubert Clarke & Co., of Cincinnati, are about to pub- j lisli the papers of General St. Clair, which have been ; in possession of. the State of Ohio for years, and justice j will then be done to bis memory. The volume will be j edited by William Henry Smith, of Chicago, and will j contain a copious biography.

Israel Ludlow

Israel Ludlow, an early surveyor of the Northwest-' Territory and the founder of the town of Ilamiluui, was born at Long Hiii Farm, near Morristown, New Jersey, j in 1 7 (>-">. Iiis ancestors were English, and emigrated to ! New Jersey from Shropshire, England, to escape perse- 1 cation on the restoration of Charles the Second, the Ludlows having been actively identified with the cause of the parliament and prominent iu the affairs of the The head of the family at that period, Sir Edmund Ludlow, was one of the judges who parsed sen- i tence of death ou Charles I, became lieutenant-general of Ireland under Cromwell, and, banished after tin: restoration, died an exiie in Vevav, Switzerland. Israel Ludlow was appointed, in 1787, by Thomas Hutchins, survevorgeneral of the United States, who was " assured" of his "ability, diligence, and integrity," to survey for the government- the boundary of tlie large tract of laud purchased in this neighborhood by the New Jersey association, of which Judge John Cieves Symmes was principal director. He accepted the appointment, and received hisinstructions, with an order for a military escort to protect himself and assistants during their performance of the work. But the military posts on the western frontier had no soldiers to spare, and General Joseph Harmar, then iu command of the forces iu the Northwest Territory, advised Mr. Ludlow of the impossibility of giving lus expedition an escort, at the same time warning him as to the danger of attempting the survey, without such protection, among the hostile tribes of the. Ohio wilderness. But. being a man of great energy, Mr. Ludlow undertook the ta>k, and, keeping up friendly intercourse with the Indians, they did not molest him or hinder his operations. In 1789 he became one-third partner, with Matthias Henman and Robert Patterson, in the proprietorship of the lands about Fort "Washington, and is claimed to have given the present city of Cincinnati its name, in honor of the Society of the Cincinnati, composed of officers who had served in the Revolutionary war, of which his father, Cornelius Ludlow, was a member. He began, in rhe year just mentioned, the survey of the town - a ] Jut. of which he placed on record. There was a controversy about its correctness, one having been previously made and recorded by another person ; but the community soon became satisfied that the plat prepared and certified by Mr. Ludlow was the correct one. Ludlow Station was established in 1790 near the north line of the original town, a block-house having first been built for protection, the Indians at that date being exceedingly hostile and dangerous. In the bummer of 1791 General Arthur St. Clair's army encamped at and about the above-named station, previous to its march into the Indian territory. It was not until 1792 that Mr. Ludlow, then "known as Colonel Ludlow, completed his survey of the "Miami Puichase; but, having done so, in May of that year he made a full report of the survey, together with a report of all the expenses incideutal thereto, which was accepted by Alexander Hamilton, thou Secretary of the Treasury. Colonel Ludlow was subsequently the founder and sole proprietor of Hamilton, having surveyed its towu < fiat in 1794.

There had been considerable competition for the location ol the c unity seat, and Colonel Ludlow made several stipulations, which were not entirely tilled, imwovei, at the time of his death.

toil. After General Wayne's treaty with the I Julians at Greenville, in the same year, Colonel Ludlow was appointed to survey the boundary line between the United Suites and the Indian Territory. This was a work of great danger ; but it was of the highest importance that the boundary should be established; and, as no military escort could be furnished, he undertook the task, and, with only three backwoodsmen as spies to give warning of danger, he accomplished it. Colonel Ludlow married Charlotte,' daughter of General James Chambers, of Chambershurg, Pennsylvania, November- 10, 178b. lie left four children, - James C., Sarah B., Israel L., and Martha C. Ludlow.

Tins name should be preserved as that of one of the earliest pioneers. Thomas Irwin was born in the county of Lancaster, Pennsylvania, in the year 176b. His lather was in humble circumstances, and in 1782 set out for the western, frontier of ' Pennsylvania. Land was held so cheaply there that any one could get it, and Mr. Irwin took up a tract near "Washington, Washington County, Pennsylvania. The boy aided his lather in clearing up the farm there purchased, and remained with him until he was twenty-one years of age, when he set out for the West.

In company with James Burns and another neighbor, he journeyed to Pittsburg, where a small fiat-boat was bought, in -which the party intended floating down the Ohio River. They set out on their voyage cu the last week in March, 1789, and at Wheeling were joined by a family which had intended going on to Kentucky with them. Becoming frightened, however, they refused to proceed, and Mr. Irwin and his companions went on without them. They had reason for apprehension. The In- j dians were in the habit of shooting at the travelers, which they could. do with impunity, as the. boats offered a very distinct mark, and those who fired at them did so under the shelter of the trees and bushes on the si 'ire.

Two of those, who had started with Irwin left him at Limestone, and he and Burns proceeded on their voyage down the stream. Arrived at Columbia, they spent some time' in examining the place, which had just then begun. There were a number of families living there, in a very exposed situation, scattered over a wide extent. Eight miles farther down there was another small settlement, opposite the mouth of the Licking River, but ottering no . superior advantages. As they wished to sec it, they took I their guns and went overland, through bushes and thickets, till they reached a double shanty, occupied by seven ; men, most of whom had been employed the previous Winter in surveying Symmes's purchase. This was the nrst improvement made in Cincinnati, and these persons "ere the first settlers of Cincinnati. Joel Williams, a: agent of the owners, was also there, and ho encouraged the two young men to stay and become residents of the