Licking Township (part 10 of 42)

Three sons and four daughters were born to Mr. and Mrs. Rees, the eldest and youngest of the family being now deceased. The others are, Catherine, Theophilus, Elizabeth, John, Israel and Jennie. Mr. and Mrs. Taylor are the parents of the following children: Martha J., who married the Rev. Newton C. Harford, a Baptist minister residing in Prospect, Marion County, Ohio; Marv Elizabeth, an invalid during the greater part of her life, and who died at the age of thirty-four; John R., who is married and occupies a part of the parental homestead; James H., who is married and lives in Union Township; and Gertrude, who resides with her parents.

In religious connections Mr. and Mrs. Black are worthy members of the Licking Baptist Church, which is located on a portion of their farm. The land for the church and cemetery was donated more than seventy years ago by Mrs. Black's grandfather. She traces her lineage to Welsh and German ancestors, while Mr. Black is of Irish descent. In early life he affiliated with the Whigs, and since the organization of the Republican party he has been one of its stanch supporters. He is proud of the history of that political organization, proud of its record in the past, and a loyal advocate of its principles, to which he believes that our country is largely indebted for its prosperity.

"tf" OUIS A. STARE. Occupying a prominent I O position among the business men of Newark, the subject of this sketch is also well and favorably known throughout the county of which he has been a life-long resident. In June, 1891, he embarked in business as a manufacturer of bank and office fixtures, in which he has since conducted an increasing and profitable trade. Both by training and natural gifts he is well qualified for the successful prosecution of his chosen occupation, and the prosperity he has gained is the result of merit.

The family of which Mr. Stare is a leading representative originated in Germany and the name was formerly Stall r. His paternal grandfather, Leander Stare, emigrated to the United States some years after his marriage, and sojourning for a short time in New York State, came thence to Ohio and settled upon a farm in Mary Ann Township, Licking County. Here he continued to reside until his deatli, which occurred at an advanced age. His remains lie buried in Mt. Calvary Cemetery.

The father of our subject, Peter Stare, was born in Baden, Germany, and was a child of twelve j'ears when he accompanied the other members of the family to America. He grew to manhood upon a farm and for some years followed the occupation of a tiller of the soil. At present he resides upon a fourteen-acre farm near Newark, where he is engaged in gardening. His wife, whose maiden name was Sarah Sheffler, was born in Perry County, Ohio, and her father was a native of Pennsyl- vania. In the family there were six sons and five daughters, all of whom are living butone daughter that died in infancy. They are respectively: Viuoent, Louis A., Leonard A., Rosa (who resides in Chicago), Phronie (wife of Nicholas Campbell), Lurelta, Sarah, Edward, George and Frank. With the exception of Rosa, all reside in Licking County- Reared upon a farm in Mary Ann Township, where he was born December 22, 1858, our subject was in childhood the recipient of ordinary common-school advantages. At the age of twenty-one he began to learn the trade of a carpenter, which he followed two seasons. For ten years he was employed in a planing-mill on Fourth Street, Newark, where he gained the practical knowledge of business that enabled him in 1891 to establish a shop of his own. During those ten years he was employed principally at cabinet work and acquired great proficiency in that line. His attention is now devoted to the manufacture of olHce and bank fixtures, which he makes to order.

June 1, 1883, Mr. Stare married Miss Mary A., daughter of John and Bridget (Roan) Roan and a native of Washington County, Ohio. Their pleasant home at No. 2G North Fiftli Street is brightened by the presence of their five children, Annie, Veronica, Anthony, Gertrude and Mary, all of whom are receiving excellent educations in the home schools. While Mr. Stare is not actively connected with any political organization, he nevertheless upholds with fidelity the principles of the Democratic party. In religious belief he is a Catholic.

WILLIAM EVANS. As a business man this gentleman is well and favorably known, not only in Newark, where he lias resided for more than a half-century, but throughout the county and adjacent territory. By his enterprise he has built up an extensive business as a dealer in furniture and as an undertaker, and from the successful management of his affairs he has become well-to-do. Though of foreign birth, no native-born citizen of America is more loyal to the Government than he, and he may always be relied upon to support any measure for developing the material resources and promoting the interests of this section of the state.

Born in Wales May 28, 1837, our subject is one of two sons comprising the family of William and Catherine Evans, the latter of whom died in 1838. The other son, Hugh, was accidentally killed in a blacksmith shop at Newark in 1849, when a lad of fourteen years. The father was again married in Wales, and in 1842 brought his family to the United States, settling in Newark. By trade he was a carpenter, which occupation he followed until his death, in 1868, aged sixty-eight years. In religious belief he was a member of and an earnest worker in the Welsh Calvinistic Church, in which he officiated as a Deacon. His second union was childless, and his widow, now eighty-three years old (1894), makes her home with our subject.

Until sixteen years old our subject attended the public schools of Newark. In 1853 he entered the employ of Clement Brook, with whom he learned the trade of a cabinet-maker. This was, in those days, a very important trade, as furniture was made entirely by hand. Mr. Brook died in 1854, after which our subject completed his apprenticeship with Captain Blackburn Moore. He followed his trade in the employ of others until 1859, at which time he embarked in business for himself. In 1861 he sold out, but one 3'ear later bought back the business, which he conducted until 1870. At that time he again disposed of the establishment and engaged as a clerk for George Markley. In 1880 he purchased a half-interest in the business, which for ten years was conducted under the firm name of Markley & Co. Mr. Evans then disposed of his interest to his partner, and established the store which he has since conducted with efficiency and success.

In 1871 occurred the marriage of Mr. Evans and Miss Jemima Williams. This estimable lady was born in Wales in 1846, and emigrated to the United States in 1865, remaining a resident of Newark until her death, May 30, 1889. She has two brothers in this state, Thomas, at Columbus, and David, residing at Vauglmsville. Four children blessed the union of Mr. and Mrs. Evans, Francis, now express agent at Mt. Vernon, Ohio; Oliver, who is a clerk with the United States Express Company at Newark; Nora and Ray, who reside with their father.

Mr. Evans believes in the principles laid down in the Republican platform and therefore votes the straight ticket. Socially he is Noble Grand of Newark Lodge No. 623, I. O. O. F., and was formerly its Treasurer. He has always taken an active interest in the welfare of the lodge, and is also prominently connected witli Mt. Olive Encampment No. 12, I. O. O. F., in which he has passed the chairs and is now the Treasurer. His residence is located at No. 160 North Fourth Street, where he settled in 1853.

S~y APT. JOHN B. VANCE, proprietor of the V^\/ Newark Planing Mill, became a resident of this city in June, 1873. The firm of which he was then a member owned and operated a planing mill at New Comerstown, Ohio, but leased a building in Newark, to which in April, 1874, they removed their machinery, continuing business under the firm title of Wilkin, Garber & Vance. In January of 1876, Mr. Wilkin withdrew and the firm style became Garber & Vance. On the 1st of June, 1877, the property was destined by fire, and as there was no insurance it proved a total loss to the owners. Captain Vance then purchased the ground and erected a new plant, of which January 1, 1894, he became sole proprietor.

The firm of Garber & Vance was also engaged in contracting and building. They had the contracts for the wood work on the Elm Street School Building, the Fifth Street Baptist Church, the First Presbyterian Church, the Jones Block (all in Newark), the Baptist Church in Granville, the Shawnee Opera House, the Methodist Episcopal Churches at

New Comerstown and West LaFayette, Ohio, and also had the contract for a portion of the Licking County Court House. At the present time, however, the Captain devotes his attention exclusively to the planing mill.

The Vance family is of English origin and was early represented in North Carolina. The grandfather of our subject, Robert Vance, was a citizen of Stafford County, Va., in Colonial days. He took part in the Indian wars, and at the opening of the Revolution he equipped a full company of the Thirteenth Virginia Regiment, of which he was chosen Captain. In the defense of the Colonies he fought gallantly until peace was declared. After the war ended he removed west and settled on the south bank of the Ohio River, ten miles below Ft. Pitt, and built what is still known as Vance's Fort. There lie engaged in farming and had charge of his plantation until Ins death.

The father of our subject, Andrew Vance, was born at Vance's Fort, and there grew to manhood. After his marriage he removed to Brooke County, W. Va., and in 1839 went to Washington County, Pa., whence in 1857 he removed to Beaver County, Pa., and there he died in 1858. His wife, whose maiden name was Nancy Byers, died in 1889, aged nearly eight3r-four years. A man of more than ordinary education, Andrew Vance for many years followed the profession of a school teacher, in addition to which he pursued agricultural operations and also did considerable surveying. He was a self-made man, his advantages in boyhood having been the most meagre. His education was gained by study at home, and once each week he went on horseback or in a canoe a distance of ten miles for the purpose of reciting his lessons to a well educated attorney. Though he met with some severe reverses, yet by careful management and industry he gained success. Politically, he was first a Whig and later a Republican. He was a Presbyterian in religious belief and an Elder in that church.

Three sons and three daughters comprised the family of Andrew and Nancy Vance. Sarah married Robert L. Carothers, and lives in Butler County, Neb.; Anna M. resides in Beaver County, Pa.; our subject is the next in order of birth; Robert is a farmer in Saline Count3', Neb.; Alexander H.,

With the exception of a brief attendance at the common schools and in an academy, our subject is mainly self educated. For a time he followed teaching, but was obliged to discontinue that work on account of failing health. In 1858 he went via the Isthmus to the Pacific Coast, where he remained until the fall of 1861, meantime engaged as clerk in a hotel and in mining.

In December, 1861, he returned from California, and in August, 1862, enlisted in Company II, One Hundred and Fortieth Pennsylvania Infantry, and on the 5th of November following was commissioned Second Lieutenant. Among the engagements in which he participated are the following: Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Mitchell Station, Bristow Station, Mine Run, Morton's Ford, Wilderness battles, including Spottsylvania and the numerous skirmishes leading up to these battles. His regiment entered the battle of Gettysburg with twenty -eight officers, and came out with seven, six of whom were uninjured. Captain Vance was among the wounded. While acting as adjutant of his regiment he was honored with promotion to First Lieutenant (August 12, 1863), and commanded Company A during the Mine Run expedition. May 12, 1864, he received a disabling wound at the battle of Spottsylvania, which disabled him from further active duty, and was mustered out of the service under a special order, September 28, 1864. Returning to Pennsylvania, he engaged in farming until the spring of 1873, when he came to Newark.

June 12, 1866, Captain Vance married Miranda A., the daughter of James and Ruth McConnell, her father being a farmei of Washington County, Pa., where she was born September 18, 1844. Five children bless the union, Nellie, Nancy B., Andrew M., Ralph C. and Kate. In politics, the Captain is a Republican. Although he has never sought office, he has frequently served as delegate to political conventions and may be counted on to bear his part in every worthy enterprise. For thirty years he has been a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, in which he has filled all the chairs in the subordinate lodge and encampment. He has served as District Deputy Grand Master, and for two terms represented his lodge in the Grand Lodge. He also belongs to Newark Lodge No. 97, A. F. & A. M., Encampment No. 31, Union Veteran Legion, in which he is Lieutenant- Colonel, and Lemert Post No. 71, G. A. R., of which he is a Past Commander.

/"""rHARLES DEEDS. Strangers who visit V^\y LTnion Township arc wont to pause admiringly before the beautiful homestead owned and occupied b}' Mr. Deeds. The place is one of the most valuable in the locality. It contains a commodious residence, substantial barns and other well equipped farm buildings, as well as a fine large orchard. All the modern improvements may be found here. A hydraulic rain forces water from a spring to the barn and a fine carp pond is supplied from the same source. Altogether the estate of one hundred and eighty acres is one of the most desirable in the county.

The parents of our subject, Andrew and Lydia (Stoolfire) Deeds, were natives of Pennsylvania, the former born July 8, 1811, and the latter August 17 of the same year. Our subject was born in Greene County, Pa., February 19, 1846, and was orphaned by his mother's death January 14, 1851, when he was yet too young to realize the extent of his loss. After the death of the mother, Andrew Deeds came to Ohio and settled upon the farm in Licking County now owned by our subject. Later he returned to Washington County, Pa., and married Miss Maria Martin, who remained his helpmate until he passed away, September 5, 1870. She survived him more than a decade, her death occurring November 5, 1881.

living. Franklin, the eldest, was born December 12, 1831, and resides witb his widowed sister, Mrs. Lueinda Lucas, on what is known as "York Street" in Harrison Township; Mrs. Lucas was the second in order of birth and was born November 18, 1832. John J., whose birth occurred February 14, 1838, first married Mary Keeran and was afterward united with the widow of George Lane, her maiden name having been Ellen Belt. Elizabeth A., born December 13, 1839, is the wife of Boanerges Green and resides in Union County, Ohio. Margaret, born July 10, 1841, married .Jacob W. Showman, a farmer living in Granville Township. Charles, of this sketch, is the next member of the family. Sarah J., born October 27, 1848, is the wife of Stephen C. Winter and lives in Leavenworth County, Kan. Andiew, Jr., born January 5, 1851, is married and makes his home in Granville Township.

In the common schools of Licking County our subject received a fair education. Having always been of a studious turn of mind as well as a close observer, he has materially developed the foundation laid in the district schools. Farming has been his life occupation and of it he has made a success. July 4, 1873, he was united in marriage with Miss Susan C. Green, a native of Delaware County, Ohio, and daughter of Edward and Mary J. (Condit) Green, who were born in London, England, and New Jersey, respectively.

Mrs. Deeds is one of a family of five, namely: Susan C, born August 8, 1849; Mary E., born December 23, 1850; Pha>be J., October 20, 1853; Charles E., July 20, 1860, and Anna Luella, April 8, 1863. Her union with Mr. Deeds has resulted in the birth of two sons, Edward A., born March 12, 1874, and Dean D., November 20, 1876. The older son is a student in the sophomore class in Denison University, aud Dean will complete his academic studies in 1895. On the old homestead, a portion of which he inherited, the remainder being purchased from the other heirs, Mr. Deeds is engaged in raising grain and cattle. For some years he has given his attention largely to breeding pure Spanish merino sheep of the Delaine type, and recently has added to his stock a thoroughbred herd of Galloway cattle. As a stock-raiser he has been

For ten years prior to his marriage Mr. Deeds drove siock, mostly sheep, to the west, being employed by eastern buyers of horses and sheep. At one time he was seventy-three days on the road driving to Kansas City, Mo. He has also driven east, these trips usually consuming from forty to seventy days. On the trip to Kansas City two of his men met the James gang and were held up, and on the same day a stranger was robbed of $700. This was soon after the close of the Civil War, when the country was full of bushwhackers and thugs.

Politically Mr. Deeds is a Republican, but has never accepted political honors, preferring to devote his attention to his farming affairs. Unselfish in dispositions man of large heart and benevolent nature, he is highly esteemed by his large circle of friends. In his religious views he is independent, but inclines to the Presbyterian faith, of which church his wife and sons are members.

DAVID M. GEIGER. Among the enterprises that have contributed to the prosperity of Licking County may be mentioned the Hebron Mills, of which Mr. Geiger is the proprietor. Having served an apprenticeship to the trade, he is thoroughly familiar with every department of the business. The mill is well equipped with all modern appliances for milling, and has a complete roller process. General custom work is done for toll or cash, and flour and feed are exchanged for grain. In connection with the plant there is a sawmill, where lumber aud timber of all kinds and dimensions are prepared. Both the saw and flour mills are operated by an engine of thirty-live horse power.

A native of this county, Mr. Geiger was born in Union Township, December 5, 1859. His parents, David and Nancy (Rhodes) Geiger, were born in

Ohio, the father in Fairfield County, and the mother in Licking County. Ten children were born to them, the eldest of whom died in infancy. Atrthe present writing (1894) five sons and four daughters are living, and of these David M. is the seventh in order of birth. The father died in Union Township May 14, 1874; the mother still resides on the old homestead, which her son Jesse E. operates. Three other sons, Worthington R., Peter II. and Theophilus S., are residents of Union Township, and all are engaged in farming.

The boyhood days of David M. Geiger were spent upon the home farm in Union Township, and his education was acquired in the district schools. His first business venture was the purchase of a meat market in Hebron, which he conducted for two years. He then became an apprentice to the miller's trade, and upon thoroughly learning the business purchased a half-interest in the Hebron Mills. From 1885 until 1891 he was in partnership with William Bebout, whom at the latter date he bought out, and has since been sole owner and proprietor of the mill.

July 2, 1890, occurred the marriage of David M. Geiger and Miss Lillie White, the daughter of Samuel and Ella White, residents of Union Township. For about eight years prior to her marriage Mrs. Geiger was a teacher in the public schools of Hebron, and was an efficient and successful instructor. She lias several brothers and sisters, one of whom, 8. S., is a merchant at Union Station, and is represented elsewhere in this volume; Orilles is studying for the ministry; Mrs. Ettie Heaver resides in Jersey, Licking County; Myrtle married Cary Bebout and resides in Hebron; Lida resides with her parents.

For several years after attaining his majority Mr. Geiger cast his ballot in favor of Democratic candidates and principles, but recently his political views have undergone a change, and he is now an advocate of the principles of the People's party, which he believes to be in accord with the needs of the people. Both in the village of Hebron and throughout the surrounding country wherever known, he is regarded with the highest respect and confidence as a man of goud judgment and unimpeachable integrity. A man of broad and liberal views, he is a promoter of progressive enterprises, and is ever ready to contribute his quota to the advancement of the interests of the home locality.

TINNEL BUEHLER became a resident of Licking County in 1854, and since that time, with the exception of two years spent in California, has made his home in Newark. His life illustrates the power of perseverance, for at the time of coming to this city he was a poor man, but through tireless activity in the face of great obstacles he has gained a position among the representative business men of the place. For some twenty years he was engaged in the grocery business, but disposing of that enterprise in 1894, he opened a general feed store at No. 392 West Main Street, where he has since conducted a large trade as a dealer in hides, tallow, calfskins, rubber, metal, etc., and also buys and sells grain in large quantities.

A native of Pennsylvania, Mr. Buehler was born in Norristown, September 11, 1833, and is the only son of George and Elizabeth (Cadwallader) Buehler, natives respectively of Gettysburg and Lehigh County, Pa. His only sister, Mary, married John Jaunsen and lives in Norristown. The father died when Tinnel was only two years old, but the mother attained a good old age, passing away when ninet3'-six. She had been married prior to her union with Mr. Buehler and by her first marriage had four children.

During his boyhood days Mr. Buehler resided in the county of his birth, and going thence to Bucks County, learned the trade of a blacksmith. The year 1854 witnessed his arrival in Newark, where for about twenty years he followed his trade. A serious accident, however, at last obliged him to abandon work at his chosen occupation. When out hunting his right hand was blown off by the accidental discharge of a shot-gun, and he was therefore incapacitated for manual labor. He then opened a grocery store, and until 1894 had a good trade in that line. In 1863 he went to California via the Isthmus, and engaging in work at his trade, accumulated considerable money. After two years in the far west he returned to Ohio by way of the Isthmus of Panama, well satisfied to spend his remaining days in the Buckeye State.

The first marriage of Mr. Buehler united him with Miss Sarah, daughter of William Brittan. This lady was born in Guernsey County, Ohio, and died in Licking County February 23, 1893, after having borne her husband three children, Joanna, now the wife of John Zimmerly, of Newark; William; and Frank, Lieutenant of Police at Newark. In 1894 Mr. Buehler was again married, choosing as his wife Mrs. Clara (Wells) Bernard, an estimable lad3r, who by her former marriage lias two sons, Jones and Wells.

R is worthy of note that Mr. Buehler is the oldest member of the City Council in point of years of service in that body, having represented the Seventh Ward for many years. He has officiated as President and Vice-President of the Council. In him the Democratic party in this locality has one of its most devoted and loyal supporters. Socially he is a member of the Olive Branch Lodge, I. O. O. F. For a number of years he has been identified with the First Presbyterian Church, to the support of which he is a liberal contributor. He aided in the organization of the Newark Savings Bank, and is now a stockholder in that institution. In addition to his residence he owns considerable real estate in Newark, both improved and unimproved, and also owns a forty-acre tract just outside of the city limits.

REV. DANIEL SHEPARDSON, D. D., founder of Shepardson College, at Granville, and one of the most eminent men in the Baptist Church in America, was born in Royalston, Worcester County, Mass., July 27, 1813, to Daniel and Prudence (Cook) Shepardson. His father was a carpenter by trade and also owned a farm of one hundred and fifty acres, on which the family resided. There he passed his boyhood days, receiving such educational advantages as the common schools afforded, and later attending the high school for one term, at the expiration of which he made a speech against the School Board and thus gained considerable local prominence.

Soon afterward our subject was engaged as teacher at Richmond, N. II., where he received $2 per week for a term of eight weeks. He was then employed in an adjacent district for a term of nine weeks with an increase of salary of twenty cents per week. At that time he weighed only ninetysix pounds and some of his pupils weighed twice that amount, but his kindness won the respect of all and there was little need of corporal punishment. The religious influences of the community were meagre, but one day Mr. Shepardson was handed a tract on which was printed the word

"Eternity." This single word made a lasting impression on his mind and soon there arose a desire to attend college. He mentioned the matter to his father, who replied that all he possessed would not pay for a collegiate education. The son replied that it was not money he desired, but his father's consent and the remainder of the time that legally belonged to his father to use as his own. To this his father consented and our subject soon became a student in the New Ipswich (N. II.) Academy, where he was fitted for college.

In September, 1833, Mr. Shepardson entered Brown University at Providence, R. I., where he remained for two years. Being obliged to pay his way, he earned the money by teaching school. He also attended Amherst College for two years and later returned to Brown University in order to avail himself of the instruction given by Francis Wayland, an eminent scholar and the President of the university. Afterward he was engaged for five terms as Principal of the academy at Halifax, Vt., and foi one year was a teacher in Franklin Academy at Shelburne Falls, Mass. He was successful as an instructor, but poor health obliged him to cease teaching.

Shepardson started west, traveling by stage to Albany, N. Y., thence by canal packet to Buffalo, by lake to Cleveland, and on to Newark, Ohio, by packet,which journey required nineteen da3'S traveling both night and day. He visited the college at Granville and so favorably impressed some visitors from Zanesville that he was invited to visit that city, which he did, preaching in the Baptist Church. He stopped at the home of the father of Hon. S. S. Cox, and the Deacons of the church urged him to again visit Zanesville. In compliance with their wishes he returned to the city in June, 1841, and on the last day of the same year he was ordained to the ministry in the Market Street Baptist Church as their pastor, in which connection he remained for nearly four years.

In 1843 Mr. Shepardson attended a meeting at Dayton, Ohio, and was the guest of E. E. Barney, Trustee of the college at Granville, and whose son recently erected Barney Science Hall as a memorial to him. That institution was in straightened circumstances, and Dr. Jonathan Going, then the president, remarked in an agony of anxiety, "This day means life or death to Granville College," whereupon our subject drew up three resolutions, one of which read, "Resolved that we raise $15,000 for Granville College." At that time the college property was worth only about $5,000 and was carrying a large indebtedness. He also made an earnest talk in favor of the resolution and his appeal attracted the favorable notice of all present. Into such prominence, in fact, did it bring him that he was subsequently requested to become pastor of the First Baptist Church of Cincinnati. He accepted the pastorate, which he held more than ten years. During three years of this period about thirteen thousand people in the city died of cholera, including many of his parishioners, necessitating his attending as many as a dozen funerals in a week. In 1856 he resigned his pastorate and the next day accepted the principalship of the Woodward High School, which position he held for seven years, meanwhile preaching once a week in a church near Cincinnati. Forsixteen years he was a member of the School Board and for seven years served as President of the Board of Examiners, thus being brought into close contact with the people. Owing to failure of his health, he removed to Cheviot, where he resided for three years and a-half, preaching to a small congregation which he had already served some five years. Later he preached the Gospel with very great success at Piqua, Miami County, for four years.

In 1868 Dr. Shepardson came to Granville, where he purchased from Dr. Stone the Young Ladies' Institute, and for nineteen years he conducted this school as a private enterprise, there being no Board of Trustees. He was, however, convinced that in order to make the school permanent it should be endowed, and acting upon that belief he gave the school in 1887 to the Baptist Church. That denomination endowed it with $100,000 and it has since been known as Shepardson College. At the present time our subject has no connection with the institution, except as a member of the Board of Trustees, but his name is indissolubly associated with its history as that of its wise founder and judicious supporter. For many years he has also been a Trustee of Denison University. The degree of A. M. has been conferred upon him by two universities. In 1871 he received the degree of D. D. from the Lewisburg (now the Bucknell) University. As a polished gentleman and ripe scholar, he has become widely and favorably known, and though now advanced in years, he retains his intellectual powers unimpaired. In politics he supports the measure, not the party, being independent in his opinions, but at all times he gives his influence to the cause of temperance, of right and justice.

In 1840 Dr. Shepardson married Harriet S. Wilcox, who died in Newark. They had one child, but it died in infancy. In 1843 he married Harriet Bcstor Beard, who passed away in 1853, after having become the mother of a sou and a daughter. The third marriage of Dr. Shepardson took place in 1854, his wife being Eliza A. Smart. Nine children resulted from this union, three of whom are deceased. The eldest, Mary E., is the wife Dr. H. S. Pomeroy, of Boston, Mass.; Eliza D. married Charles A. Marsh and died in Chicago; Josephine H. married F. W. Thorneand lives in Norfolk, Va.; Francis W., Ph. D., is a teacher and lecturer in the University of Chicago; George D., who graduated from Denison University and subsequently was graduated in electrical engineering from Cornell University, is professor of that science in the University of Minnesota; Daniel, who received the degree of Ph. D. at Yale University and was formerly assistant to Dr. Ilenson of Chicago, is at present an invalid and resides with his father; John E. is a student in the Granville Academy.

0HARLES C. METZ. Equally influential in the commercial and social circles of Newark, this gentleman has gained prominence throughout Ohio as the senior member of the firm of Charles Metz & Bros., one of the most extensive as well as one of the oldest concerns of the kind in the state. They conduct both a retail and wholesale meat business, aggregating about $50,000 per year. Buying in large quantities in Chicago, St. Louis and Louisville, they butcher annually about four thousand head of cattle, hogs, veal and Iambs, which they dispose of to butchers in Newark and surrounding towns. They manufacture triple brand mince meat and also sausages, and with the aid of the latest improved machinery, turn out large quantities of their products, made from the choicest materials.

The success which has attended this enterprise is largely due to its founder, the father of our subject, a man of great energy, excellent judgment and sound common sense. Charles C. Metz, Sr., was born in Saxony, whence he emigrated to America in his young manhood, and soon afterward settled at Newark. Prior to coming hither he had served as a soldier in the German arm}', in which he had risen to an oflicial rank, but owing to a change of command that resulted in considerable hardship, he resigned from the service. For about four

That Charles C. Metz, Sr., was a man of determination and energy may be judged from the fact that with a cash capital of $3 he embarked in business in Newark. Buying a hog with this money, he made some sausage which he peddled around the village. He thoroughly understood the business, and naturally was successful, establishing what became in time the largest meat market in Newark. He built a good residence, surrounded his family with all the comforts of life, purchased a place of business and accumulated a snug fortune.

In his religious connections, Mr. Metz was for some time a member of the Lutheran Church, and when dissension arose in that denomination in Newark, he was the principal factor in the organization of the German Presbyterian Church. In his contributions to the church and to all benevolent projects he was very liberal, and no worthy cause was ever refused his support. He voted the Democratic ticket, but took no further interest in politics, and always refused to accept office. His death occurred in 1871, at the age of about fiftysix. His wife still survives him and resides in Newark, at the age of seventy-eight years, with her two daughters.

The parental family comprised thirteen children, of whom seven attained years of maturity, viz.: Charles G; Henry A., who married Elizabeth H. Ilickey, has three living children, and for many years has been connected with the firm of Charles Metz & Bros.; Wilhelmina H., deceased; David G, also a member of the firm, who married Carrie A. Van Atta and has four children; John Frederick, whose wife, Mary Pyle, died leaving two children; Anna E. and Catherine R.

Referring to the life of our subject, we find that he was born in Newark December 9, 1842. His educational advantages were very limited in boyhood, his time being devoted to assisting his father in the market. As he approached manhood, he realized the need of a better education, and accordingly saving his money, paid his way through Duff's Commercial College at Pittsburgh, Pa. Later spending a short time in St, Louis, Mich.,

At Lancaster. Pa., May 8, 1878, occurred the marriage of Charles C. Metz and Miss Chnstu Abbie Smith, a niece of ex-Gov. Frederick Smyth, of New Hampshire. Her father, Gilman Chase, was a son of Stephen and Dolly (Rowe) Smith, and was born in Candia, N. H., where he was reared upon a farm. Soon after his marriage to Miss Abigail Martin, a native of Tunbridge, Vt., he settled in Manchester, N. IL, where he engaged in business as a real-estate dealer, and also superintended the management of his farming property. He improved a number of lots in Manchester, which he rented, thus realizing a fair income from his investments. Politically a Democrat, he was not an aspirant for office, preferring to give his attention exclusively to his business interests. His death occurred in Manchester, N. H., when about seventy-five years of age.

The mother of Mrs. Metz died when she was a child of five 3'ears, and her father was again married, his second union resulting in the birth of the following children: Addie, wife of Arthur H. Hale; Belle, who died at the age of eighteen years; Emma and Leonard G., who still live in Manchester, N. H. Mrs. Metz was born in Manchester, N. H., December 1, 1856, and was one of nine children, seven of whom survived the death of. their mother. Henry, was a soldier in the Union arm}', Fourth Vermont Regiment, duriug the Civil War, who died from the effects of service a few weeks after reaching home on a fjirlough; Wesle}r,a resident of San Diego, Cal., also served in the Sixth Massachusetts Regiment; Mary became the wife of Charles A. Merrill, of Granville Township, this county; Frederick, a resident of Kent, Ohio, married Lizzie Stevens, of Vermont, and had one child ; Albion C. married Jessie Holden, of East Randolph, Vt.; they became the parents of three children, and also live in Kent; Christa Abbie and Anna are twins, the latter of whom died at the age of six years. The parents of this family were consistent members of the Baptist Church and generous contributors to its support.

After that she resided with her older brothers and sister in various places, receiving excellent school advantages. After spending two years at the Vermont State Normal School at Randolph, Vt., at the age of sixteen, she came to Ohio, where she attended Shepardson College at Granville, and later was a student in the Ohio Wesleyan College at Delaware. Her marriage has resulted in the birth of three children: Walter Charles, who was born February 1, 1879; Cora Abbie, November 1, 1880; and Henry Wesley, October 19, 1887. The family residence is pleasantly located at No. 20 North First Street.

The Democratic part}' finds in our subject one of its loyal supporters. While he has never sought or desired official honors, he has served in a number of local positions, including that of Township Treasurer. He is a stanch advocate of temperance principles, which he supports both by example and precept. In 1871 he organized a military company, which is still known as Company G, Ohio National Guards. It consisted of forty-six men under command of Colonel Geiger. Mr. Metz served as Second and later as First Lieutenant, but soon after his election to the Captaincy, he resigned to attend more closely to business. Reared in the Lutheran faith, he is now a member of the Episcopal Church, in which he is vestryman and one of the committee having in charge the building of the new house of worship. He aided in the organization of the Newark Board of Trade, of which he has been President for four years. In the organization of the Security Loan & Building Association he was a prime factor, and is now one of the Directors.

Fifteen years after the father of our subject embarked in the meat business, he took into partnership Charles C, Jr., and later Henrjr A. was made a member of the firm. Upon the death of the father, the firm style became Charles Metz & Bros., and so continues to the present. Besides their large meat market on West Main Street, they own one hundred square feet fronting on North Park Place, and other valuable real estate in different parts of the city. They also have a meat market in East Newark. The senior member of the firm is the general manager and looks after its finances.

Henry Las for twenty years attended exclusively to the purchase of the requisite stock, and is considered an expert in that line. David is the superintendent of the killing and sausage department. The three brothers are progressive, capable and efficient business men, and well deserve the success which has rewarded their enterprise and perseverance.

BENJAMIN GREEN. The agricultural community is the foundation for true prosperity in the state, and in the homes of the farmers we may read the future of the country. The family represented by Mr. Green constitutes one of those industrious and enterprising households whose intelligence and integrity, common sense and practical knowledge influence all about them and conduce to the prosperity of the section in which they live. Their excellent farm, upon which is situated a pleasant home and good farm buildings, is one of the best in Monroe Township.

Throughout his entire life, a period of more than sixty years, the subject of this sketch has been identified with the history of Monroe Township. Here lie was born July 26, 1832, to Rigneld and Sarah (Willison) Green, natives of Virginia. He was one of five "sons and four daughters, five of whom are living, namely: Ibbie, who first married John Clouse, and is now the widow of John Evans; Nancy, wife of Abraham Mayfield, of Cromwell, Ind.; Sarah, whose first husband was Samuel Miller, and who now lives in Leipsic, Ohio, the widow of Abram Brake; Levina, wife of James Tippey, of Monroe Township; and Benjamin, of this sketch. The father of this family was a farmer by occupation. He came to Ohio and settled near Lancaster with his parents about 1790. Thence he removed to Licking County and established his home in Monroe Township about 1803, purchased one hundred acres near the county line, which in a few years he sold. He bought two hundred acres on Raccoon Creek. He gave his attention to its improvement until his death, March 25, 1862, at the age of about seventy-five years. His .wife survived him ten years, dying when about eighty. Both were members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and he was licensed to preach in that denomination.

The paternal grandfather of our subject, Rigneld Green, was a native of Virginia and a farmer by occupation. He was several times married, having two sons by his first wife, and six by his second, who was the grandmother of our subject. He attained the great age of one hundred and ten years, and so remarkable was his activity and strength at an advanced age, that on the day he was one hundred years old he rode a horse on a gallop. The maternal grandfather of our subject was also a native of Virginia, probably a farmer by occupation, and lived to a ripe old age.

Benjamin Green was born and reared in Monroe Township, within two miles of his present home. His early education was received in the district schools, but his education has been gained principally in the school of practical knowledge. He remained with his father as long as he lived, then purchased his present home farm of eighty acres. This he owns and operates, also cultivating an eighty-acre tract that belongs to his wife, and is situated across the road from his land. Having lived in Monroe Township for so long a period, he has witnessed its wonderful development. When his father came to Licking Count}- the Indians had not yet removed further west. Everything was in an unimproved state. Hardships were many and advantages few. Farmers had no implements save a single plow, a hoe, sickle and scythe. In spite of privations, however, those days were not unhappy ones, and are recalled with pleasure by the few survivors of those early times.

On the 24th of April, 1856, Mr. Green was united in marriage with Miss Elizabeth, daughter of Jacob and Elizabeth (Degue) Clouse. Ten children were born of this union, four sons and six daughters, Granville W., Flora Adell, Marietta, Harry, Missouri, Horton, Helen, Hattie, Benjamin

W. and one that died in infancy. Marietta, Horton and Benjaman are also deceased. Granville married Miss Ruhamy Fitzwater, and they have two children, Benjamin and Pearl. Flora A., wife of Charles Williamson, has three children, Orie, Claude and Wandie. Harry chose as his wife Miss Jennie Crawford. Missouri married William Clouse, and they are the parents of two children, Leah and Gladys. In religious connections, Mr. and Mrs. Green are members of the United Brethren Church, in which he is serving as Trustee. Politically he is a Republican, and has filled the position of Township Trustee for two years. One of the progressive citizens of the community, he identifies himself with all that pertains to the upbuilding of the county's interests and welfare, and gives liberally to all worthy charities.

WILLIAM SPENCER EAGLE, whose name is well known among the farmers of Burlington Township, this county, was born in McDonough County, 111., October 16, 1842. The genealogical record of the Eagle family has been published, and from that we find the name was formerly spelled Egle. Marcus Egle, the first representative of the family in America, was born in 1690 in Canton Zurich, Switzerland, and emigrating to this country, settled in Pennsylvania and became the progenitor of all of this name now living in the United States.

The grandfather of our subject, John Eagle, was born in Lancaster, Pa., and was the son of a brewer. In youth he learned the trade of a hatter in Philadelphia. He married Catherine Spencer, and early in the present century came to Ohio on foot and purchased property in Mt. Vernon, Knox County. He returned to Penns3'lvania to bring his wife to the new home, but she objected to moving, fearing that the Indians still in Ohio might prove dangerous neighbors. For that reason Mr. Eagle remained in the Keystone State, where for nearly twenty years he followed his trade. In the spring of 1824 his wife and children removed to Ohio, and after a short visit with brothers in New York State he joined them there in the fall of the same year. Settling in Licking County, he remained here until his death, in 1837. His wife died in 1861 and their remains lie buried in Spencer Cemetery, in Newton Township.

Valentine Eagle, father of our subject, was one of twelve children and was born in Huntingdon County, Pa., on October 11, 1811. He came with the family to Ohio in 1824 and worked as a farm hand until he grew to manhood, after which for a number of years he was guard at the Ohio State Penitentiary in Columbus. About 1838 he married Maria Hines, a native of York County, Pa., but at the time of her marriage residing near Dayton, Ohio. While employed as guard he purchased one hundred and sixty acres in McDonough County, 111., but upon removing thither he found the land was poor. He therefore rented land for four years, but being afflicted with ague and not liking the country, he returned to Ohio. In 1857 he purchased a small tract of land in Miller Township, Knox County, having removed to that county in 1855, where he has since resided. His wife died in May, 1888, after having become the mother of six children, John, William S., Mary V., Hiram, Catherine and Margaret L.

Our subject was two years old when the family returned to Ohio, and his earliest recollections are therefore entirely of the Buckeye State. In boyhood he attended the common schools, and early acquiring a knowledge of agriculture, chose for his life work the occupation of a farmer. On attaining his majority he went to Illinois and was employed as a farm laborer in McLean County. Returning to Licking County, he learned the trade of a carpenter, but his attention has been devoted principally to farming, and at different times he has resided on various farms near Utica. At present he occupies a well improved and valuable farm in Burlington Township.

In 1869 Mr. Eagle was united in marriage with Miss Martha, daughter of Henry and Sarah (Mc- Veigh) Smith, and a native of Knox County, Ohio, being the only child of her parents. To this union five children were born, namely: Ella M., born December 1, 1870; Charles O., June 11, 1873; Daisy D., June 12, 1875; Bessie, born August 14, 1877, and died September 20 of that year, and Roy S., born May 9, 1890. The daughters are both graduates of the Utica High School and have engaged in teaching. Politically Mr. Eagle affiliates with the Democratic party, to which he always gives his influence and vote. In religious connections he is a member of the Baptist Church. In Licking Lodge No. 291, A. P. & A. M., he has served as Worshipful Master for more than ten years.

JOHN DUMBATJLD. The wonderful progress made by Licking County during the past half-century in the domains of agriculture, education and commerce has been witnessed by many men who now, in the twilight of their years, are surrounded by the comforts secured through arduous toil in earlier life. Such an one is John Dumbauld, a venerable agriculturist and pioneer of Liberty Township. His landed possessions in this township at one time consisted of one hundred and ninety-one and one-half acres, but at the present time, having disposed of a portion of his property, he owns one hundred and twentynine acres, constituting a valuable and well improved estate.

Our subject's paternal grandfather, Abram Dumbauld, was probably a native of Hagerstown, Md. He had a large family and attained to a good old age. Our subject's parents, Philip and Susanna (Weimer) Dumbauld, were born in Pennsylvania, where the father engaged in agricultural pursuits until his death, at the age of more than seventy. His widow afterward married his oldest brother; she was a devout member of the Lutheran Church and died when within two days of eighty-three years of age. Their family consisted of five children, four daughters and one son, John being the

In the county of Fayette, Pa., where he was born August 7, 1813, our subject spent the years of boyhood and youth. After his mother married a second time he remained with his step-father for three years and was by him bound out to learn the weaver's trade. For a time he engaged in weaving table cloths, carpets, cover-lids and all kinds of cloth worn by men and women. After eight years thus occupied he embarked in farming pursuits, aud in 1839 came to Ohio, remaining in Perry County for one summer. Prior to coming west he married and had three children. With a team he traveled on the National Pike to Zanesville, where he spent one summer. In September of 1839 he came to Licking County, of which he has since been a resident.

The first wife of our subject was Miss Elizabeth, daughter of John and Eve (Schneider) Vought, and the}- became the parents of eight children, namely: Jacob, Sallie D., Jeremiah, Rosanna, Elizabeth, Mary, Oscar and John. Jacob has been three times married, his first wife being Matilda Boyer, and four of their children are living, Dilemma, Sarah Ellen, Lester and Emmett. Sallie is the widow of Jared Miller and lives at her father's home. Jeremiah chose as his wife Miss Hannah Spellman. Rosanna, Mrs. George Carroll, has seven sons, Edward, John, George, Morris, Harry, Frank and William. Elizabeth had one son, Ross, by her first husband, William Soraerville; she is now the wife of William Smith, whom she has borne two children, Ida and Arthur. Maiy, wife of Rilen Spellman, has six children, John, Lillie, Minta, Benjamin, Burton and Susie. Oscar had one child, Eva, by his first wife, Martha Bryan; afterward he married Caroline Bostian, and they have two children, Earl and Lizzie. John, our subject's youngest son by his first marriage, died at the age of sixteen years. The wife and mother died April 6, 1849, aged thirty-six years, six months aud twenty-four days.

Memorial Eecord

sons were born to them, Irena, Martha, Taylor, Jefferson, Jackson, Susanna, Catherine, George and one that died unnamed in infancy. Jackson and Catherine are deceased. Irena became the wife of Jared C. Ferguson, and the}' have four children, Myrtle, Grace, Burton and Leslie. Martha is the wife of Rev. Thomas Sigfried, a Baptist minister, and they have four children living, Rose B., Catherine, Ivy and Lillian. Taylor was first married to Belle Erhart, who bore him two children, William and George; his second wife was formerly Miss Eva Steffy. Jefferson married Ella Vance. Susanna, wife of Aaron Bishop, has two children, Taylor and Willis. George, who married Lenna Boggs, has two children, Mary and Casper. Mrs. Mary Dumbauld died July 24, 1880, in the faith of the Baptist Church, of which she had long been a member. In religious belief our subject is connected with the Congregational Church. Politically he gives his support to Republican principles. He is a man who is held in the highest esteem by all who know him, and his course in life has been such as to commend him to the confidence of the people.

HON. CHARLES B. GIFFIN, of Newark, was born in Mary Ann Township, Licking County, September 11, 1823, to the union of James and Rachael (Barnes) Giffin, natives respectively of Pennsylvania and Virginia. The mother was born on the farm where was fought the famous battle of Cedar Creek by General Sheridan, while the grandfather, Stephen Giffin, was born on board a ship on the Atlantic Ocean. At that time the family was en route from the North of Ireland to America, and arriving in this country, they made settlement in Westmoreland County, Pa., about 1751. Reared to manhood in the Keystone State, Stephen Giffin early became imbued with the spirit of patriotism and desire for national independence characteristic of the Colonies, and enlisting in the War of the Revolution, he served with the rank of Captain. Subsequently he resided in Pennsylvania until 1814, when he came to Ohio and settled in Mary Ann Township, Licking County.

In 1811 Charles Barnes, a native of Scotland, with his family removed from Virginia to Ohio and for two years lived at Newark, after which he settled in Mary Ann Township. He had served as a soldier in the celebrated Dunmore campaign against the Indians prior to the Revolutionary War. After coming to Mary Ann Township he selected a site for a cemetery and there in 1816 his remains were interred, being the first body buried in what is still known as Barnes Cemetery. Stephen Giffin, who was for some time a neighbor of Charles Barnes, later removed to Knox County, Ohio, where he died in 1838, and was buried at Martinsburg.

The father of our subject, James Giffin, was born in Westmoreland County, Pa., and by occupation was a fanner. In the Keystone State he married Jane Graham, who died after they settled in Mary Ann Township. At her death she left three children, Mary, Agnes and John. Subsequently he married the daughter of Charles Barnes, and they continued to reside in Mary Ann Township until 1832, when they removed to Martinsburg,'Ohio. There his death occurred in 1837, at the age of fifty-eight. Two of his four children had preceded him in death, and the widowed mother, accompanied by the two surviving children, returned to Mary Ann Township, where she died in 1848. Her other son besides our subject was James H., formerly a homeopathic physician at Newark, where he died in 1861, upon the night made memorable in history by the firing of Ft. Sumter.

In Licking and Knox Counties the subject of this sketch passed the days of bo3'hood. In 1838 he came to Newark, where for some time he was variously employed at any work he could find to do. After spending a short time as an employe in a tannery, in 1840 he commenced to learn the business of a woolen manufacturer and was thus engaged until 1853, being a part owner of the mill from 184'J until 1853. The enterprise, however,

An old-line Whig in early life, Mr. Giffin was one of the first in this county to advocate the principles of the Republican party when it was organized in 1856. So prominent did he become as a representative of that political organization that in 1855 he was chosen the first candidate of the party for the Ohio State Legislature. He was elected and served for one term in a manner reflecting great credit upon his own abilities. Up to the present date (1894) he is the only Republican who has represented Licking County in the State Legislature. His election is the more noteworthy from the fact that the honor was entirely unsought on his part and came to him early in life, when he was a representative, not of the wealthy class, but of the working people, the honest, industrious and persevering mechanics and tradesmen who toil from da}' to day. There are now but thirteen survivors of the one hundred and fifty-three members of the Ohio Legislature of 1857.

Soon after the inauguration of President Lincoln, Mr. Giifin was appointed Postmaster at Newark, and was re-appointed by the same gentleman at his second term, but the assassination occurred before the appointment was confirmed. Later this was done by President Johnson, but as Mr. Giffin did not choose to act as a tool for the President, he has the distinction of having been the first official removed from office by that executive in Ohio. Returning to private life, he worked as a carpenter and contractor, and being an expert worker in wood, he was engaged for some time in manufacturing the molds for the glass works, etc. He has been identified for many years with the Pioneer Historical and Antiquarian Society, of which he is now the oldest surviving member. In it he has held a number of important offices and has also written a number of articles concerning the history of the county.

May 16, 1853, Mr. Giffin was made a Master Mason in Newark Lodge No. 97, of which he has served as Master, and since 1879 has been Secretar3r. He is also Past High Priest of Warren Chapter No. 6, R. A. M., and a member of Pigelow Council No.

7, R. &S. M. In his religious connections he holds membership in the First Presbyterian Church, of which he is Secretary. In 1848 he married Mary Hower, who was born near Carlisle, Pa., being a daughter of Jesse and Margaret Hower. They have had five children, the eldest of whom, Rachael, married J. D. Jones and died in Newark. Four are living, James II.; Retta, who is the wife of J. W. Latimer and resides in Milwaukee; William, and Jessie F., the wife of John D. Jones. The family residence is situated at No. 289 North Fourth Street.

ISAAC SLOCUM. Of the many patriotic defenders of the Old Flag during the dark war days, none furnished a more laudable example of heroism and devotion to principle than the subject of this sketch, one of Union Township's efficient and successful agriculturists. He was born June 9, 1841, on a farm near his present home. His father, Samuel, was born in Hampshire County, Va., in 1814, and after the death of his father in the Old Dominion, came to Licking County, Ohio, in 1828, accompanying his mother hither. In his former home he had been a bound boy, but ran away to escape from servitude. After settling in Ohio he spent three years at work constructing the Ohio canal.

After a sojourn of several years in Ohio, Samuel Slocum went back to Virginia, where in 1836 he married Miss Ann Martin, a native of Hardy County, Va., born March 5, 1813. With his young wife he returned to Licking County and settled upon a farm in Union Township, where for thirtythree years he engaged in agricultural pursuits, dying on the old homestead November 8, 1878. His widow, now in her eighty-second year (1894), is an inmate of our subject's home, and notwithstanding her advanced age, retains full possession of all her faculties.

Margaret, who died at the age of about six years; Isaac; Warren, who died when about two years old; Adeline, who died about two years after her marriage to Sylvester Stone; Israel, a farmer residing in Hebron, Ohio, who by his union with Martha Fristo has three children; Mary, Mrs. John Hickman, who became the mother of three children and died about 1888.

The subject of this sketch had passed the twentyfirst anniversary of his birth when he enlisted as a member of Company B, One Hundred and Thirteenth Ohio Infantry. He was assigned to duty in the western department under General Sherman and with his regiment participated in the battles of Chickamauga, Lookout Mountain, Resaca, Missionary Ridge, Dalton and Kenesaw Mountain. In the last-named battle he received a wound June 27, 1864, which disabled him for life. A gun shot passing through his right thigh, fractured the bone to the extent that many pieces of bone were removed. Gangrene setting in, his life was despaired of. Upon five different occasions he was placed upon the amputating table to have the limb amputated, but the fracture being so near the hip joint the operation was considered extremely dangerous.

It is believed that there is but one case on record of a hip joint amputation where the patient survived and recovered. After consultation on these several occasions, it was decided to do the best they could to save the patient without attempting the operation. This they did with the result that our subject, while crippled for life, otherwise enjoys fair health. On receiving the wound he was granted a furlough and afterward was takeD to the hospital at Columbus, Ohio, where he remained five months and was then discharged.

While in the hospital at Columbus Mr. Slocum married, March 2, 1865, Miss Matilda A., daughter of Thomas and Julia A. (Hite) Stone, of whom further mention is made in the sketch of Sylvester Stone. Four sons and two daughters were born to Mr. and Slocum, as follows: Rollin O., who was born May 29, 1866, and died February 7, 1877; Eleanora C, born December 26, 1867, and died January 21, 1877; Thomas O., who was born June 23, 1872, and resides with his parents; Julia

The maternal grandfather of Mrs. Slocum, Valentine Hite, died February 11, 1864, in his seventythird year; his wife, Mary M. (Shrop) Hite, died October 4, 1854, in her sixty-fourth year. They were early settlers of Licking Township, this county, to which they removed from Maryland, making the trip in a one-horse wagon. Great-grandfather Hite and his wife were sold for their passage money from Germany to America, the services of each being purchased by the same man in Little York, Pa. There they were married, and after their debt was paid they removed to Maryland.

In the ranks of the Democratic part}' in this section Mr. Slocum is an active worker. He has filled the majority of the local offices and has served as Supervisor for twelve years. With his wife and two eldest living children he is identified with the Licking Baptist Church. Socially he belongs to Lemert Post No. 71, G. A. R., at Newark.

THOMAS P. JONES. Among the representative agriculturists of Licking County, to whose industry, perseverance and energy is largely due the high standing of the county as a rich farming locality, it would be impossible to omit mentioning the name of Thomas P. Jones, the well known farmer and stock-raiser of Union Township. He is also an efficient public official, and by successive re-elections has held the office of Justice of the Peace since 1870.

A native of this county, our subject was born in Newton Township, October 15, 1835. His parents, Evan and Elizabeth (Powell) Jones, were natives respectively of the North of Wales and the United States, the former born in 1793, and the latter in 1808. When a young man of twentyeight, Evan Jones emigrated to America, reaching this country with an English shilling as his entire capital. After spending two years near Gettysburg, Pa., he came to Ohio, and was numbered among the early settlers of Licking County, where he married and engaged in farming. He also worked at the trade of a brickmaker for three years after coming to this country, in that way earning the money with which to make a payment on his land, and going into debt for the remainder of the property.

The parental family consisted of six children that attained maturity, and two that died in infancy. Our subject is the eldest of those now living, and is the only surviving son. Three of his sisters are unmarried and live in Newark, Jane, Sarah and Elizabeth. Jane has been a teacher in the high school of Newark for about twenty-six years; Sarah has been cashier for the mercantile firm of Prout & King for fifteen years, and Elizabeth is the housekeeper for the two first named. Ann is the wife of Harry Buckland, a prosperous farmer of Union Township. Hannah became the wife of Robert S. Wilson and lives in Winfield, Kan. The mother of these children died in 1852, and the father passed away in 1865.

After completing the studies of the common schools Mr. Jones attended Denison University, and there qualified himself for teaching, which profession he followed for three years. However, his father's failing health rendered it necessary for him to return home and assume the management of the farm. October 24, 1878, he was united in marriage with Miss Minerva J. Spangler, a native of Fairfield County, though at the time of her marriage a resident of Licking County. Her father, Solomon Spangler, is a farmer by occupation and resides near Pleasantville, Ohio; her mother died October 8, 1892.

Mrs. Jones was born September 11, 1850, and is the eldest of eight children born to the union of Solomon II. and Mary Ann (Macklin) Spangler, natives of Fairfield County, the former born in 1820, and the latter in 1827. Of the other members of the family we note the following: Laura

Ellen is the wife of Ephraim Hancock, a resident of Union Township; William Theodore, a resident of Columbus, married Sarah Cupp and is employed as a conductor on the electric cars; Josiah Webster died of typhoid fever at the age of twenty-six years; Charles Henry married Mertie Spinny and resides in Roseville, Ohio; Thomas McClellan, a teacher by profession, is unmarried and lives with his father; Mary Irene is the wife of Henry Hoskinson, of Hebron; Minnie May keeps house for her father.

Six children have blessed the union of Mr. and Mrs. Jones, namely: Harry I., born September 27, 1879, now a student in the Newark schools; S. Guy, born September 7, 1881, also in school at Newark; Mary C, born June 28, 1883, and T. Edgar, born October 12, 1885, both in the Newark public schools; Laura May, born November 21, 1887, and Theodore Gale, January 31, 1893, who are with their parents. The four eldest children are receiving exceptionally good advantages for schooling, being with their aunt, who is a successful teacher in Newark.

The farm owned and operated by Mr. Jones consists of one hundred and twenty-seven acres in Union Township, upon which he engages in raising grain and stock. He is interested in political affairs, and is a recognized leader in the Democratic party in the township and county. In 1870 he was first elected to the office of Justice of the Peace, and has since been chosen for each successive term, the completion of his present term being twenty-seven years. Other positions of trust he has also filled with credit to himself. Socially, he affiliates with Hebron Lodge No. 1 16, A. F. <fc A. M., which he joined in 1863, and also belongs to AVarren Chapter No. 6, R. A. M., of Newark. With his wife he holds membership in the Licking Baptist Church, and the three eldest children belong to the Newark Baptist Church.

The life of Mr. Jones exemplifies what may be accomplished by industry and perseverance. He has always been a hard-working man. Being the eldest son, he had to bear the brunt of the battle in subduing the forest and preparing the land for cultivation. At the death of his father he inherited an interest in the old homestead, and soon

I AMES F. LINGAFELTER, Cashier of the Newark Savings Bank ami Secretary of the Homestead Building 4 Savings Company, is BOmbered anion;: the leading citizens of Newark. The hank of which he is the present Cashier was organized in 1887 as the Newark Savings Bank and was conducted by him as a private institution until April. 18;>0. when it was incorporated under the laws of the state of Ohio with a capital stock of 175,000 and the following Officers: 1.. P. Sehaus. President: P. Seheidler. Vice-President, and J. F. Lingafelter. Cashier.

The bank has had a very successful career. Dividends have been paid promptly and a surplus has been accumulated. There has been a steady increase of deposits, and the concern is now considered one of the solid financial institutions of the county. In it there are two departments - the mercantile and savings. In the latter fifty cent* is accepted as a deposit and interest is allowed at the rate of three per cent, per annum. This is the first and only savings bank in the county, and has proved a success, tilling a much needed want. About sixteen hundred |x>rsons have availed themselves of the advantages offered by this department and many have saved money who never did so before.

The Homestead Building A- Savings Company was organized by Mr. Lingafeher in 1887. at the time he embarked in the banking busiuess. It is incorporated under the state laws and has an authorized capital of ? 1.000.000. The otlieers are. L. P. Schaus. President: J. F. Lingafelter. Secretary, and William F. Miller. Treasurer. The enterprise has proved most successful, and over (500,000 has been loaned. On the 1st of .lauuarv. 18'.'4. there

.lames F. Lingafelter is of German descent, his great-grandfather. Jacob Lingafelter. having come to this country from Germany and settled in Pennsylvania, where he died. The grandfather. Abraham Lingafelter. was born in the Keystone State and came to Ohio in 1888, settling on a farm in Newton Township, where he cleared and improved a farm. His death occurred at the age of ninetyseven years. His family numbered six children who lived to mature years, and of these William. father of our subject, was born in Newton Township, and there married. In 18i>6 he removed to Crawford County. 111., where he now resides, surrounded by all the comforts of life. A Democrat in politics, he has always given his loyal support to that party. His wife bore the maiden name of Miss Margaret Riley, and is a native of Licking County.

Born in this county on the 20th of May, 1847. the subject of this sketch was reared upon a farm in Newton Township and attended the district schools. At the age of seventeen years, in 1864, he enlisted in Company II. Twenty-third Ohio Infantry, and served for thirteen months in the Department of the South. At the battle of Honey Hill, Ga.. he was wounded in the right leg by a gun-shot, which disabled him for two months. He was mustered out of the service by the general order at the close of the war.

Returning home. Mr. Lingafelter. with the money received from the Government for service in the army, supported himself while attending the public schools of Pittsburg for eighteen months. Later he completed the commercial course in the Iron City Commercial College. He then accepted a position as bookkeeper in a wholesale grocery house in Allegheny City, which two years afterward he resigned to accept a clerkship in the County Recorder's office in Licking County. After five years as deputy, he was elected Recorder and officiated in that capacity for fire years and eight months. He then resigned to accept the office of County Auditor, to which he was elected in 1880. and in which he served for six years.

Hunter, was admitted to the Bar in 1875, and engaged in active practice for five years. For some time lie represented the old Second Ward as a member of the City Council, and during the last year of his service he was President of that body. tie owns valuable real estate in various parts of the city, and his residence, on the corner of Church and Second Streets, is a beautiful brick mansion', one of the (inest in this part of the state. Politically ;i Democrat, he has often served as delegate to local and state conventions, and has always been popular in the party, but since entering business he bas given little attention to political affairs. In his religious belief he is a member of the Catholic Church. His wife, whom he married in April, 187:>, was Miss Mary, daughter of John and Mary Lavin, and was born in New Jersey, coming with her parents to Licking County when a child. They have one son, Robert.

BYRON STANBERY, proprietor of "Oaklaud Hall" and one of the prominent residents of Madison Township, was born here in 1821. His paternal grandfather, Dr. Jonas Stanbery, who was the father of Hon. Henry Stanbery, President Johnson's Attorney-General, came to Ohio in an early day and settled at Zanesville, where he dealt in real estate during the remainder of his life. The father of our subject, Hon. William Stanbery, settled where the Orphans' Home now stands and purchased five hundred acres of land, erecting thereon a fine brick house, then considered the handsomest residence in this county.

In Licking County all the children were born except one, the eldest, James R., whose birth occured in New York. The father was a prominent character in the early settlement and organization of Licking County. During the Jacksonian period he was elected to Congress by the Democratic party, serving for two successive terms with distinction and credit to his constituency. About

1840 he retired from public life, purchased three hundred acres of land, and erected "Oakland Hall," where the survivors of his family now live. This structure has stood fifty-four years of service, and is now one of the landmarks of pioneer days, The land when purchased was heavily timbered and much of this now stands.

Hon. William Stanbery married Miss Mary Shippy, a native of New York, who died March 19, 1873, at the age of eighty-four. He passed away January 23, 1873, also at the age of eightyfour, having been born in 1780. They were the parents of five sons and three daughters, of whom two daughters and our subject still reside af'Oaklandllall." One of the daughters is Mrs. Charlotte Haliday, who with her four children finds a pleasant home amid the scenes of her girlhood. The other sister, Mary, the youngest of the children, presides over the family mansion, to which she hospitably welcomes their many friends. One of the brothers, William, Jr., a lawyer by profession, resides in Pekin, 111., where he is engaged in milling and the insurance business. Another brother, James R., was for many years a prominent attorney of Newark, where he died in 1892; his widow died a few months later, and their four daughters still live in that city.

In the common schools of the locality our subject gained the rudiments of his education. He afterward entered the Ohio University, where he pursued the studies of the sophomore year. Leaving that institution, he entered the college at Granville, Ohio, now called Denison University, where he completed the course in mathematics. During the Mexican War he enlisted as Captain of Duncan's Company of Mounted Riflemen and served until the close of the conflict as a Sergeant. Under the late laws he has been granted a pension of $8 per month for service in the army.

After the close of the war Mr. Stanbery spent four years in Illinois, engaged in the grain and produce business at Morris, Grundy County. Disposing of his business there, he returned to the old homestead, where he has since remained. He is retired from active business, though he still superintends the farm. Much of his leisure time is devoted to the sport of hunting and he is also very fond of fishing. As a citizen he is interested in progressive measures. For nine years he has been Justice of the Peace of Madison Township, and has also been appointed decennial appraiser of lands in this township. He and his sisters were reared in the Episcopalian faith, to which they still adhere. They are well informed and liberally educated and occupy a high social standing in the community.

f~y EORGE VAN ATTA. Superintendent of V T Cedar Hill Cemetery, at Newark, was born in Somerset, Perry County, Ohio, February 17, 1839. His father, the late Samuel Van Atta, was born in New Jersey May 31, 1796, and was a wagon-maker by trade, but for a number of years was employed in the Brooklyn Navy Yard. In the fall of 1838 he came to Perry Count)', Ohio, and in the spring of 1839 settled in Newton Township, Licking County. Upon the site of his original location now stands the village of Vanatta, named in his honor and that of his brothers. Here he followed his trade until his death, which occurred June 25, 1849.

A quiet, unassuming man, Samuel Van Atta received the confidence of his associates and was well known throughout the county. He was twice married, the first time March 7, 1819, when Miss Jane Stout became his wife. This lady was born December 17, 1801, and died August 14,1823, after having become the mother of four children, viz.: Harriet S., deceased; Admiral a N., farmer residing in Newton Township, this county; Robert S., a resident of Logan, Hocking County, Ohio; and Jane, who is deceased. The second marriage of Samuel Van Atta was solemnized in New York City May 4, 1826, and united him with Miss Rebecca Corsa, whose birth occurred there January 30, 1801. The four children resulting from this union were: Ellen, who died in New York City;

Charles, whose death also occurred in that city; Samuel, a resident of Findlay, Ohio, and George. The wife and mother died at the home of our subject in Newark, November 13, 1873.

Brought to Licking County in his infancy, our subject was reared to manhood in Newton Township and was only ten years old when death robbed him of a father's care. October 4, 1864, he enlisted as a member of Company F, First United States Veteran Engineers, and served until the close of the war. At Chattanooga, Tenn., he was severely wounded while assisting in building Ft. Phelps. On the Hiawassee River he was injured by a couple of saw logs falling on him and he barely escaped with his life. When the war was over he returned to Newton Township, and a few months afterward entered a commercial college at Bellefontaine, Ohio, where he conducted his studies for a time.

In the fall of 1866 Mr. Van Atta settled in Newark, where for several years he was employed as clerk in a hardware store, and was afterward engaged in the sale of agricultural implements. For three years he was employed as engineer of the glass works. In February, 1884, he was appointed chief engineer in charge of the steam and water works at the Boys' Industrial School near Lancaster, Ohio, and there remained until April, 1887, at which time he returned to Newark, and for a few months carried on an insurance business. In the spring of 1888 he was elected Clerk of Newark Township, which position he held for one term of two years. December 10, 1888, he received the appointment of Superintendent of Cedar Hill Cemetery, which position he has since filled to the satisfaction of all concerned.

At Mt. Vernon, Ohio, November 14, 1867, occurred the marriage of Mr. Van Atta and Miss Frances E. Parrott, who was born in Knox County, Ohio, February 10, 1845, being a daughter of David and Mary Parrott, residents of that count)'. The only child born of this union is Mary R., whose birth occurred in Newark, and who is now an accomplished young lady.

and Hockhocking Encampment No. 28, of Lancaster. In earlier life he was especially active in Sunday-school work and served for some time as Superintendent. He and his family are members of the Fifth Street Baptist Church of Newark. He holds membership in the Association of American Cemetery Superintendents. While bis life has been in the main a successful one, yet he has had his share of misfortunes, the most serious of which befell him while employed in the reform school at Lancaster. He there met with a most serious accident in the sawmill connected with the institution, resulting in the loss of the fingers of his left hand. He is a man who enjoys to an unusual degree the confidence and respect of his associates, and among the citizens of Newark few are better and none are more favorably known than he.

DANIEL T. CRAWSHAW, Postmaster at Hebron, and one of the successful business men of the village, was born in the city of Philadelphia June 29, 1839. He is the son of James Crawshaw, a native of Yorkshire, England, who emigrated to America and settled in Philadelphia at the age of twenty-one years. There he married Henrietta Debro, a native of Pennsylvania, who died in New Jersey at the age of about forty-five. Of their family of three sons and three daughters, only two are now living, viz.: James R. and Daniel T. The former is a carpenter and contractor at Des Moines, Iowa, and had the general superintendence of the construction of the State Capitol at Des Moines, a structure that cost over $2,000,000. A sister, Martha A., married Archie Christie, at one time Postmaster at Des Moines, where she died in 1893, at the age of about sixty-five years. The father of the family died of consumption at the age of about forty-five. In Philadelphia our subject was a student in the public schools, which are in session the entire year excepting seven weeks. In the fall of 1856, at the age of seventeen years, he came to Ohio and settled in Union Township, Licking County, where for four years he was employed on the farm of William Dewees. About 1861 he began farming on his own account, and continued thus engaged until 1872, when he retired from agricultural pursuits and began to work at the carpenter's trade. For fourteen years he continued in the occupation of a contractor and builder, after which he engaged in the produce business at Hebron. For three years he devoted his attention to the buying and selling of produce, grain and seeds, and about 1889 embarked in the mercantile business, which he still conducts with success. In his store majr be found a general line of dry goods, groceries, spices, tobaccos, hardware, small tools, notions, etc.

Aside from his business interests, Mr. Crawshaw is also prominently identified with the public affairs of the village and towuship. Since 1887 he has filled the position of Clerk of Union Township, and the care and neatness with which the records are kept prove that the office has fallen into good hands. At present (1894) he is serving the last half of his sixth year in this capacity, and in the spring of the present year was re-elected for another term of two years. Since November, 1888, he has been Notary Public. Interested in educational matters, he has served on the Board of Education in the village for several years, filling the offices of President and Clerk, as well as a member of the Board of Directors.

The first wife of Mr. Crawshaw was Armilda Beaver, whom he married in Hebron, August 17, 1862. She died November 23, 1870, after having become the mother of three children. The only one now living is P^ffie, wife of Edward Stroup, of Germantown, Philadelphia, Pa. She was reared in her uncle's family in Des Moines, Iowa, and was there married. Maggie Moore, who became the second wife of our subject, was born in Perry County, Ohio, and was married to Mr. Crawshaw March 18, 1877. Three children were born of this union, a daughter who died in infancy, and James O. and John L., now sixteen and twelve years of age respectively. The wife and mother passed away June 4, 1887. The present companion of Mr. Crawsliaw was Mrs. Mary A. (Vanasdal) Walters, a native of Hebron. One child blesses this union, Hazel Louisa, who was born January 5, 1890.

In the spring of 1872 Mr. Crawshaw visited Kansas with the intention of selecting a location there. He spent six months in the state and purchased some property there, but was not so favorably impressed with the country as to desire to establish his home there. Socially he is an active member of Williams Lodge No. 365, I. O. O. F.,

A life-long Democrat in politics, Mr. Crawshaw wields an important influence in local affairs, and is active and energetic in the advancement of public enterprises. For six years he has been a member of the Village Council, in which capacity he has labored to advance the welfare of the people. July 10, 1893, he was appointed Postmaster at Hebron and took possession of the office on the 1st of August following, since which time he has proved a capable and energetic official.

WILLIAM ALEXANDER ROBERTSON enjoys the distinction of being the oldest resident in the city of Utica, having been born here December 15, 1817. His father, William, was born near Chambersbiirg, Pa., December 7, 1787; he had six brothers, one of whom remained in Pennsylvania, and John settled in Muskingum County, this state. Three settled in Wooster, Ohio, and afterward spelled their family name Robinson and Robison. Another brother, James, came to Licking County in 1808 and bought about seventy-three acres of land, a part of which is now included in the corporate limits of Utica.

In youth William Robertson learned the trade of a cabinet-maker, and coming to Ohio in 1806, was thus employed in Zanesville, where he bought a lot and built the first house having a shingle roof. He came to the present site of Utica in 1809, and bought a half-interest in the land his brother had previously purchased. The following year the brothers built the old log mill, the first in the place, which they operated for about four years, when William purchased his brother's interest in the property and became sole owner. In January

1813, he returned to Pennsylvania, and at Charnbersburg married Sarah, daughter of Alexander Robertson, and a cousin of his. Soon after their marriage the young couple started for their new home in the then far west, making the journey on horse-back. On arriving at Newark they stayed all night at Judge Wilson's, on the North Fork. The next morning they swam their horses across the Licking River and pursued their perilous journey. Arriving in sight of the cabin which was to be their home, they commenced crossing the creek, which was high and swift. When near the middle of the stream Mrs. Robertson's horse fell, throwing her into the water, but she was soon rescued by her husband and safely landed on shore. On the 4th of March 1813, they began housekeeping in their new home. In 1816 he platted a portion of his land into town lots and named the place Wilmington, but as there was already a town by that name in the state, he changed it to Utica.

Being a cabinet-maker, Mr. Robertson manufactured the first coffins used in Utica, but after his marriage he did but little work at his trade. In 1815, he built a grist-mill, which still stands, being a part of the Utica Mills. (In digging the millrace Mr. Robertson unearthed three ribs which measured about four feet in length, also a part of the vertebral column of the same animal.) He also added a saw-mill, and in about 1822 he added wool carding machinery. In 1832 he established a dry-goods store, and being successful, also purchased other property. He conducted these various lines of business until his death, which occurred November 7, 1840. His wife survived him thirty-seven years. In religious connections they were members of the United Presbyterian Church. In public affairs he was a man of some prominence and served as Justice of the Peace as early as 1816.

There were seven children in the parental family, viz.: Agnes, who married Jesse D. Arven and died in Utica; Margery, who first married William McCune and afterward became the wife of Samuel Patterson, dying in Iowa City, Iowa; William Alexander; Margaret, who married Joseph D.Rogers and died at Fostoria, Ohio; James, who died at Iowa Cit}', Iowa; John D., whose death occurred at Utica; and Jane, who became the wife of Barton Condit and died in Champaign County, 111.

The subject of this sketch was reared in Utica and can well remember when the Indians were as numerous as the whites. There were no schools worthy the name in the vicinity, and children were much more familiar with manual labor than books. In 1832, when his father opened a store, he took the position of clerk, and also assumed the responsibility of the business. When his father died he was appointed executor of the estate and gave his attention to it until settlement was made with the heirs. In 1845-46 he engaged in the mercantile business at Newark. In 1848 he became a dealer in grain and wool and continued the former until 1884, and the latter until 1893. Thus for sixty years he was a prominent business man of Utica, a longer period than anyone else has engaged in business here. He has met with success, and after having reared and educated his family and started them out in life, he still has a competence.

November 9, 1844, Mr. Robertson was united in marriage with Elizabeth S., daughter of .Salathiel Chapman, of whom further mention is made in the sketch of S. A. Chapman. She was born at Ellington, Conn., May 8, 1827, and by her marriage became the mother of three daughters, namely: Alaphonseue, wife of J. W. Hoag, of Galion, Ohio; Jennie, who resides with her father; and Lizzie, wife of John H. Arnold, of Leipsic, Putnam County, Ohio. Mrs. Robertson died at her home in Utica July 3, 1890, and her remains were interred in the cemetery at this place. In his religious views Mr. Robertson is a Presbyterian. Politically he was in early life a Whig, and since the organization of the Republican party has been a stanch supporter of its principles. He is a man of strict integrity, the highest principles of honor and loftiest ideals of truth and justice, and such has been the probity of his life that among the people of the county he occupies a high position.

DANIEL A. B. HUPP, a retired farmer and leading citizen of Franklin Township, was born in Shenandoah County, Va., May 1, 1818. His family history, so far as can be obtained, appears in the sketch of J. II. Hupp, presented on another page of this volume. In boyhood he accompanied his father to Licking County, and has since been a witness of the development of its material resources. The farm on which he now lives was entered from the Government prior to the organization of the county, the original owner being Esquire Isaiah Haskinson, the first Justice of the Peace in Licking County.

Our subject being the eldest son was early obliged to assist in the maintenance of the family. His father had at one time been well-to-do, but was obliged to pay notes which he had endorsed for friends, and came to this county a poor man. It is both instructive and amusing to hear Mr. Hupp's recital of his earlier experiences in school. In those days an arithmetic in the hands of the teacher was sufficient for the whole school; the teacher would "set down the sums" on the slates

In that primitive way Mr. Hupp gained the rudiments of liis education, to which he afterward added by studious habits and close observation. Growing to manhood amid rural scenes, he developed a stalwart physique and has always enjoyed excellent health. On the day preceding the thirtieth anniversay of his birth he married Miss Hannah, daughter of Andrew and granddaughter of Isaiah Ilaskinson, above mentioned. Seven children were born to them. The eldest, Sarah Elizabeth, was born February 25, 1849, and on the 27th of March, 1842, became the wife of Robert Richter, their union resulting in the birth of two children, Charles F. and Rosa. James Harrison, who was born April 23, 1851, married Esther A. Myers April 13, 1876, and they have two daughters, Daisy and Lulu.

The next in order of birth is Balser Jackson, born June 16, 1853; he chose as his wife Mattie J. McKee, and they have six children, Daniel, William, Winfleld, Goldie, Laura and Martha Frances. John Franklin was born September 28, 1855, and died Septemher 23, 1856. Mary Jane, who was born July 18, 1858, married D. M. Ilaskinson, and they live in Adams County, Ind. Andrew Jackson, who was born May 13, 1859, is unmarried and at present is engaged in mining in Montana. Charles Matthew, born October 13, 1863, operated a store at Linnville, Ohio, for some years, and afterward went on the road as a traveling salesman; he is now a resident of Columbus, Ohio, where he has a good position. The mother of these children was born in Franklin Township November 6, 1823, and is an estimable lady, whose life has been devoted to the welfare and best interests of her family.

Possessing an excellent memory and good conversational ability, Mr. Hupp is a genial and entertaining companion. He is very fluent in his description of some of the methods employed by the pioneers in order to keep the wolf from the door. Among these devices may be mentioned the grinding of corn and wheat in the burnt hollow of a stump with an iron wedge for a pestle;