Licking Township (part 3 of 42)

Mr. Garfield made his first political speeches in 1856, in Hiram and the neighboring villages, and three years later he began to speak at county mass-meetings, and became the favorite speaker wherever he was. During this year he was elected to the Ohio Senate. He also began to study law at Cleveland, and in 1861 was admitted to the Bar. The great Rebellion broke out in the early part of this year, and Mr. Garfield at once resolved to fight as he had talked, and enlisted to defend the Old Flag. He received his commission as Lieutenant- Colonel of the Forty-second Regiment of Ohio Infantry August 14, 1861. He was immediatel}' put into active service, and before he had ever seen a gun fired in action, was placed in command of four regiments of infantry and eight companies of cavalry, charged with the work of driving out of his native State the able rebel officer, Humphrey Marshall, of Kentucky. This work was bravely and speedily accomplished, although against great odds, and President Lincoln commissioned him Brigadier-General, January 10, 1862; and "as he had beej the youngest man in the Ohio Senate two years before, so now he was the youngest General in the army." He was with Gen. Buell's army at Shiloh, in its operations around Corinth and its march through Alabama. He was then detailed as a member of the general court martial for the trial of Gen. Fitz-John Porter. He was next ordered to report to Gen. Rosecrans, and was assigned to the ' ' Chief of Staff. ' ' The military history of Gen. Garfield closed with his brilliant services at Chickamauga, where he won the rank of Major-General.

Without an effort on his part, Gen. Garfield was elected to Congress in the fall of 1862, from the Nineteenth District of Ohio. This section of Ohio had been represented in Congress for sixt)7 years mainly by two men - Elisha Whittlesey and Joshua R. Giddings. It was not without a struggle that he resigned his place in the army. At the time he entered Congress he was the youngest member in that body. There he remained by successive re-elections until he was elected President, in 1880. Of his labors in Congress, Senator Hoar says: "Since the year 1864 you cannot think of a question which has been debated in

Congress, or discussed before a tribunal of the American people, in regard to which you will not find, if you wish instruction, the argument on one side stated, in almost every instance better than by anybody else, in some speech made in the House of Representatives or on the hustings by Mr. Garfield."

Upon January 14, 1880, Gen. Garfield was elected to the United States Senate, and on the 8th of June, of the same year, was nominated as the candidate of his party for President at the great Chicago Convention. He was elected in the following November, and on March 4, 188 1, was inaugurated. Probably no administration ever opened its existence under brighter auspices than that of President Garfield, and every day it grew in favor with the people. By the 1st of July he had completed all the initiatory and preliminary work of his administration, and was preparing to leave the city to meet his friends at Williams College. While on his way and at the depot, in company with Secretary Blaine, a man stepped behind him, drew a revolver, and fired directly at his back. The President tottered and fell, and as he did so the assassin fired a second shot, the bullet cutting the left coat sleeve of his victim, but inflicting no further injury. It has been very truthfully said that this was ' ' the shot that was heard around the world." Never before in the history of the nation had anything occurred which so nearly froze the blood of the people for the moment as this awful deed. He was smitten on the brightest, gladdest day of all his life, at the summit of his power and hope. For eighty days, all during the hot months of July and August, he lingered and suffered. He, however, remained master of himself till the last, and by his magnificent bearing taught the country and the world one of the noblest of human lessons - how to live grandly in the very clutch of death. Great in life, he was surpassingly great in death. He passed serenely away September 19, 1883, at Elberon, N. J., on the very bank of the ocean, where he had been taken shortly before. The world wept at his death, as it rarely ever had done on the death of any other great and noble man.

Chester A. Arthur

E HESTER A. ARTHUR, twenty-first President of the United States, was born in Franklin County, Vt., on the 5th day of October, 1830, and was the eldest of a family of two sons and five daughters. His father was the Rev. Dr. William Arthur, a Baptist clergyman, who emigrated to this country from County Antrim, Ireland, in his eighteenth year, and died in 1875, in Newtonville, near Albany, after a long and successful ministry.

Young Arthur was educated at Union College, Schenectady, where he excelled in all his studies. After his graduation he taught school in Vermont for two years, and at the expiration of that time came to New York, with $500 in his pocket, and entered the office of ex -Judge E. D. Culver as a student. After being admitted to the Bar, he formed a partnership with his intimate friend and room-mate, Henry D. Gardiner, with the intention of practicing in the West, and for three months they roamed about in the Western States in search of an eligible site, but in the end returned to New York, where they hung out their shingle, and entered upon a successful career almost from the start. Gen. Arthur soon after married the daughter of Lieut. Herndon, of the United States Navy, who was lost at sea. Congress voted a gold medal to his widow in recognition of the bravery he displayed on that occasion. Mrs. Arthur died shortly before Mr. Arthur's nomination to the Vice-Presidency, leaving two children.

Gen. Arthur obtained considerable legal celebrity in his first great case, the famous Lemmon suit, brought to recover possession of eight slaves who had been declared free by Judge Paine, of the Superior Court of New York City. It was in

1852 that Jonathan Lemmon, of Virginia, went to New York with his slaves, intending to ship them to Texas, when they were discovered and freed. The Judge decided that they could not be held by the owner under the Fugitive Slave Law. A howl of rage went up from the South, and the Virginia Legislature authorized the Attorney-General of that State to assist in an appeal. William M. Evarts and Chester A. Arthur were employed to represent the people, and they won their case, which then went to the Supreme Court of the United States. Charles O' Conor here espoused the cause of the slaveholders, but he, too, w*s beaten by Messrs. Evarts and Arthur, and a long step was taken toward the emancipation of the black race.

Another great service was rendered by Gen. Arthur in the same cause in 1856". Lizzie Jennings, a respectable colored woman, was put off a Fourth Avenue car with violence after she had paid her fare. Gen. Arthur sued on her behalf, and secured a verdict of $500 damages. The next day the company issued an order to admit colored persons to ride on their cars, and the other car companies quickly followed their example. Before that the Sixth Avenue Company ran a few special cars for colored persons, and the other lines refused to let them ride at all.

Gen. Arthur was a delegate to the convention at Saratoga that founded the Republican party. Previous to the war he was Judge-Advocate of the Second Brigade of the State of New York, and Gov. Morgan, of that State, appointed him Engineer-in-Chief of his staff. In 1861, he was made Inspector-General, and soon afterward became Quartermaster-General. In each of these offices he rendered great service to the Govern- ment during the war. At the end of Gov. Morgan's term he resumed the practice of law, forming a partnership with Mr. Ransom, and then Mr. Phelps, the District Attorney of New York, ivas added to the firm. The legal practice of this well-known firm was very large and lucrative, as each of the gentlemen composing it was an able lawyer, and possessed a splendid local reputation, if not, indeed, one of national extent.

Mr. Arthur always took a leading part in State and city politics. He was appointed Collector of the Port of New York by President Grant, November 21, 1872, to succeed Thomas Murphy, and he held the office until July 20, 1878, when he was succeeded by Collector Merritt.

Mr. Arthur was nominated on the Presidential ticket, with Gen. James A. Garfield, at the famous National Republican Convention held at Chicago in June, 1880. This was perhaps the greatest political convention that ever assembled on the continent. It was composed of the leading politicians of the Republican party, all able men, and each stood firm and fought vigorously and with signal tenacity for his respective candidate that was before the convention for the nomination. Finally Gen. Garfield received the nomination for President, and Gen. Arthur for Vice-President. The campaign which followed was one of the most animated known in the history of our country. Gen. Hancock, the standard-bearer of the Democratic part}-, was a popular man, and his party made a valiant fight for his election.

Finally the election came, and the country's choice was Garfield and Arthur. They were inaugurated March 4, 188 1, as President and Vice- President. A few months only had passed ere the newly-ehosen President was the victim of the assassin's bullet. Then came terrible weeks of suffering - those moments of anxious suspense, when the hearts of all civilized nations were throbbing in unison, longing for the recovery of the noble, the good President. The remarkable patience that he manifested during those hours and weeks, and even months, of the most terrible suffering man has ever been called upon to endure, was seemingly more than human. It was certainly godlike. During all this period of deepest anxiety Mr. Arthur's every move was watched, and, be it said to his credit, that his every action displayed only an earnest desire that the suffering Garfield might recover to serve the remainder of the term he had so auspiciously begun. Not a selfish feeling was manifested in deed or look of this man, even though the most honored position in the world was at any moment likely to fall to him.

At last God in his mercy relieved President Garfield from further suffering, and the world, as never before in its history over the death of any other man, wept at his bier. Then it became the duty of the Vice-President to assume the responsibilities of the high office, and he took the oath in New York, September 20, 1881. The position was an embarrassing one to him, made doubly so from the fact that all eyes were on him, anxious to know what he would do, what policy he would pursue, and whom he would select as advisers. The duties of the office had been greatly neglected during the President's long illness, and many important measures were to be immediately decided by him ; and to still further embarass him he did not fail to realize under what circumstances he became President, and knew the feelings of many on this point. Under these trying circumstances, President Arthur took the reins of the Government in his own hands, and, as embarrassing as was the condition of affairs, he happily surprised the nation, acting so wisely that but few criticized his administration. He served the nation well and faithfully until the close of his administration, March 4, 1SS5, and was a popular candidate before his part}- for a second term. His name was ably presented before the convention at Chicago, and was received with great favor, and doubtless but for the personal 'popularity of one" of the opposing candidates, he would have been selected as the standard-bearer of his party for another campaign. He retired to private life, carrying with him the best wishes of the American people, whom he had served in a manner satisfactory to them and with credit to himself. One year later he was called to his final rest.

Stephen Grover Cleveland

(TfTEPHEN GROVER CLEVELAND, the 7\ twenty -second President of the United States, VJj/ was born in 1837, in the obscure town of Caldwell, Essex County, N. J., and in a little two-and-a-half-story white house, which is still standing to characteristically mark the humble birthplace of one of America's great men, in striking contrast with the Old World, where all men high in office must be high in origin and born in the cradle of wealth. When the subject of this sketch was three years of age, his father, who wras a Presbyterian minister with a large family and a small salary, moved, by way of the Hudson River and Erie Canal, to Fayetteville, N. Y., in search of an increased income and a larger field of work. Fayetteville was then the most straggling of country villages, about five miles from Pompey Hill, where Governor Seymour was born.

At the last-mentioned place young Grover commenced going to school in the good, old-fashioned way, and presumably distinguished himself after the manner of all village boys - in doing the things he ought not to do. Such is the distinguishing trait of all geniuses and independent thinkers. When he arrived at the age of fourteen years, he had outgrown the capacity of the village school, and expressed a most emphatic desire to be sent to an academy. To this his father decidedly objected. Academies in those days cost money; besides, his father wanted him to become self-supporting by the quickest possible means, and this at that time in Fayetteville seemed to be a position in a country store, where his father and the large family on his hands had considerable influence. Grover was to be paid $50 for his services the first year, and if he proved trustworthy he was to receive $100 the second year. Here the lad commenced his career as salesman, and in two years he had earned so good a reputation for trustworthiness that his employers desired to retain him for an indefinite length of time.

But instead of remaining with this firm in Fayetteville, he went with the family in their removal to Clinton, where he had an opportunity of attending a High School. Here he industriously pursued his studies until the family removed with him to a point on Black River known as the "Holland Patent," a village of five or six hundred people, fifteen miles north of Utica, N. Y. At this place his father died, after preaching but three Sundays. This event broke up the family, and Grover set out for New York City to accept, at a small salary, the position of under- teacher in an asylum for the blind. He taught faithfully for two years, and although he obtained a good reputation in this capacity, he concluded that teaching was not his calling in life, and, reversing the traditional order, he left the city to seek his fortune, instead of going to the city. He first thought of Cleveland, Ohio, as there was some charm in that name for him; but before proceeding to that place he went to Buffalo to ask advice of his uncle, Lewis F. Allan, a noted stockbreeder of that place. The latter did not speak enthusiastically. "What is it you want to do, my boy?" he asked. "Well, sir, I want to study law," was the reply "Good gracious!" remarked the old gentleman; " do you, indeed? Whatever

After a long consultation, his uncle offered him a place temporarily as assistant herd-keeper, at $50 a year, while he could look around. One day soon afterward he boldly walked into the office of Rogers, Bowen & Rogers, of Buffalo, and told them what he wanted. A number of young men were already engaged in the office, but Graver's persistency won, and he was finally permitted to come as an office boy and have the use of the law library, receiving as wages the sum of $3 or $4 a week. Out of this he had to pay for his board and washing. The walk to and from his uncle's was a long and rugged one; and although the first winter was a memorably severe one, his shoes were out of repair, and as for his overcoat he had none; yet he was, nevertheless, prompt and regular. On the first day of his service there, his senior employer threw down a copy of Blackstone before him, with a bang that made the dust fly, saying "That's where they all begin." A titter ran around the little circle of clerks and students, as they thought that was enough to scare young Graver outof his plans; but in due time he mastered that cumbersome volume. Then, as ever afterward, however, Mr. Cleveland exhibited a talent for executiveness rather than for chasing principles through all their metaphysical possibilities. "Let us quit talking and go and do it, ' ' was practically his motto.

The first public office to which Mr. Cleveland was elected was that of Sheriff of Erie County, N. Y., in which Buffalo is situated; and in such capacity it fell to his duty to inflict capital punishment upon two criminals. In 1881 he was elected Mayor of the City of Buffalo, on the Democratic ticket, with especial reference to bringing about certain reforms in the administration of the municipal affairs of that city. In this office, as well as in that of Sheriff, his performance of duty has generally been considered fair, with possibly a few exceptions, which were ferreted out and magnified during his Presidential campaign. As a specimen of his plain language in a veto message, we quote from one vetoing an iniquitous street-cleaning contract: "This is a time for plain speech, and my objection to your action shall be plainly stated. I regard it as the culmination of a most bare-faced, impudent and shameless scheme to betray the interests of the people and to worse than squander the people's money." The New York Sun afterward very highly commended Mr. Cleveland's administration as Mayor of Buffalo, and thereupon recommended him for Governor of the Empire State. To the latter office he was elected in 1882, and his administration of the affairs of State was generally satisfactory. The mistakes he made, if any, were made very public throughout the nation after he was nominated for President of the United States. For this high office he was nominated July 11, 1884, by the National Democratic Convention at Chicago, when other competitors were Thomas F. Bayard, Roswell P. Flower, Thomas A. Hendricks, Benjamin F. Butler, Allen G. Thurman, etc.; and he was elected by the people, by a majority of about a thousand, over the brilliant and long-tried Republican statesman, James G. Blaine. President Cleveland resigned his office as Governor of New York in January, 18S5, in order to prepare for his duties as the Chief Executive of the United States, in which capacity his term commenced at noon on the 4th of March, 1885.

The silver question precipitated a controversy between those who were in favor of the continuance of silver coinage and those who were opposed, Mr. Cleveland answering for the latter, even before his inauguration.

On June 2, 1886, President Cleveland married Frances, daughter of his deceased friend and partner, Oscar Folsom, of the Buffalo Bar. Their union has been blessed by the birth of two daughters. In the campaign of 18SS, President Cleveland was renominated by his party, but the Republican candidate, Gen. Benjamin Harrison, was victorious. In the nominations of 1892 these two candidates for the highest position in the gift of the people were again pitted against each other, and in the ensuing election President Cleveland was victorious by an overwhelming majority.

Benjamin Harrison

QENJAMIN HARRISON, the twenty-third |C\ President, is the descendant of one of the d/ historical families of this country. The first known head of the family was Maj.-Gen. Harrison, one of Oliver Cromwell's trusted followers and fighters. In the zenith of Cromwell's power it became the duty of this Harrison to participate in the trial of Charles I., and afterward to sign the death warrant of the king. He subsequently paid for this with his life, being hung October 13, 1660. His descendants came to America, and the next of the family that appears in history is Benjamin Harrison, of Virginia, great-grandfather of the subject of this sketch, and after whom he was named. Benjamin Harrison was a member of the Continental Congress during the years 1774, 1775 and 1776, and was one of the original signers of the Declaration of Independence. He was three times elected Governor of Virginia.

Gen. William Henry Harrison, the son of the distinguished patriot of the Revolution, after a successful career as a soldier during the War of 181 2, and with a clean record as Governor of the Northwestern Territory, was elected President of the United States in 1840. His career was cut short by death within one month after his inauguration. President Harrison was born at North Bend,

Hamilton County, Ohio, August 20, 1833. His life up to the time of his graduation from Miami University, at Oxford, Ohio, was the uneventful one of a country lad of a family of small means. His father was able to give him a good education, and nothing more. He became engaged while at college to the daughter of Dr. Scott, Principal of a female school at Oxford. After graduating, he determined to enter upon the study of law. He went to Cincinnati and there read law for two years. At the expiration of that time young Harrison received the only inheritance of his life - his aunt, dying, left him a lot valued at $800. He regarded this legacy as a fortune, and decided to get married at once, take this money and go to some Eastern town and begin the practice of law. He sold his lot, and, with the money in his pocket, he started out with his young wife to fight for a place in the world. He decided to go to Indianapolis, which was even at that time a town of promise. He met with slight encouragement at first, making scarcely anything the first year. He worked diligently, applying himself closely to his calling, built up an extensive practice and took a leading rank in the legal profession.

vassed the State thoroughly, and was elected by a handsome majority. In 1862 he raised the Seventeenth Indiana Infantry, and was chosen its Colonel. His regiment was composed of the rawest material, but Col. Harrison employed all his time at first in mastering military tactics and drilling his men, and when he came to move toward the East with Sherman, his regiment was one of the best drilled and organized in the army. At Resaca he especially distinguished himself, and ("or his bravery at Peachtree Creek he was made a Brigadier-General, Gen. Hooker speaking of him in the most complimentary terms.

During the absence of Gen. Harrison in the field, the Supreme Court declared the office of Supreme Court Reporter vacant, and another person was elected to the position. From the time of leaving Indiana with his regiment until the fall of 1864 he had taken no leave of absence, but having been nominated that year for the same office, he got a thirty-day leave of absence, and during that time made a brilliant canvass of the State, and was elected for another term. He then started to rejoin Sherman, but on the way was stricken down with scarlet fever, and after a most trying attack made his way to the front in time to participate in the closing incidents of the war.

In 1868 Gen. Harrison declined a re-election as Reporter, and resumed the practice of law. In 1876 he was a candidate for Governor. Although defeated, the brilliant campaign he made won for him a national reputation, and he was much sought after, especially in the East, to make speeches. In 1880, as usual, he took an active part in the campaign, and was elected to the United States Senate. Here he served for six years, and was known as one of the ablest men, best lawyers and strongest debaters in that body. With the expiration of his senatorial term he returned to the practice of his profession, becoming the head of one of the strongest firms in the State.

The political campaign of 1888 was one of the most memorable in the history of our country. The convention which assembled in Chicago in June and named Mr. Harrison as the chief st.indard-bearer of the Republican party was great in every particular, and on t^is account, and the attitude it assumed upon the vital questions of the day, chief among which was the tariff, awoke a deep interest in the campaign throughout the nation. Shortly after the nomination, delegations began to visit Mr. Harrison at Indianapolis, his home. This movement became popular, and from all sections of the country societies, clubs and delegations journeyed thither to pay their respects to the distinguished statesman.

Mr. Harrison spoke daily all through the summer and autumn to these visiting delegations, and so varied, masterly, and eloquent were his speeches that they at once placed him in the foremost rank of American orators and statesmen. Elected by a handsome majority, he served his country faithfully and well, and in 1S92 was nominated for re-election; but the people demanded a . change and he was defeated by his predecessor in office, Grover Cleveland.

On account of his eloquence as a speaker and his power as a debater, Gen. Harrison was called upon at an early age to take part in the discussion of the great questions that then began to agitate the country. He was an uncompromising anti-slavery man, and was matched against some of the most eminent Democratic speakers of his State. No man who felt the touch of his blade desired to be pitted with him again. With all his eloquence as an orator he never spoke for oratorical effect, but his words always went like bullets to the mark. He is purely American in his ideas, and is a splendid type of the American statesman. Gifted with quick perception, a logical mind and a ready tongue, he is one of the most distinguished impromptu speakers in the nation. Many of these speeches sparkled with the rarest eloquence and contained arguments of great weight, and many of his terse statements have already become aphorisms. Original in thought, precise in logic, terse in statement, yet withal faultless in eloquence, he is recognized as the sound statesman and brilliant orator of the day. During the last days of his administration President Harrison suffered an irreparable loss in the death of his devoted wife, Caroline (Scott) Harrison, a lady of many womanly charms and virtues. They were the parents of two children.

Ohio

JHE time has arrived when it becomes the duty of the people of this county to perpetuate the names of their pioneers, to furnish a record of their early settlement, and relate the story of their progress. The civilization of our day, the enlightenment of the age and the duty that men of the present time owe to their ancestors, to themselves and to their posterity, demand that a record of their lives and deeds should be made. In biographical history is found a power to instruct man by precedent, to enliven the mental faculties, and to waft down the river of time a safe vessel in which the names and actions of the people who contributed to raise this country from its primitive state may be preserved. Surely and rapidly the great and aged men, who in their prime entered the wilderness and claimed the virgin soil as their heritage, are passing to their graves. The number remaining who can relate the incidents of the first days of settlement is becoming small indeed, so that an actual necessity exists for the collection and preservation of events without delay, before all the early settlers are cut down by the scythe of Time.

To be forgotten has been the great dread of mankind from remotest ages. All will be forgotten soon enough, in spite of their best works and the most earnest efforts of their friends to perserve the memory of their lives. The means employed to prevent oblivion and to perpetuate their memory has been in proportion to the amount of intelligence they possessed. Tin pyramids of Egypt were built to perpetuate the names and deeds of their great rulers. The exhumations made by the archeologists of Egypt from buried Memphis indicate a desire of those people to perpetuate the memory of their achievements The erection of the great obelisks were for the same purpose. Coming down to a later period, we find tht Greeks and Romans erecting mausoleums and monuments, and carving out statues to chronicle theii great achievements and carry them down the ages. It is also evident that the Mound-builders, in piling up their great mounds of earth, had but this idea - to leave something to show that they had lived. All these works, though many of them costly in the extreme, give but a faint idea of the lives and characters of those whose memory they were intended to perpetuate, and scarcely anything of the masses of the people that then lived. The great pyramids and some of the obelisks remain objects only of curiosity ; the mausoleums, monuments and statues are crumbling into dust.

It was left to modern ages to establish an intelligent, undecaying, immutable method of perpetuating a full history - immutable in that it is almost unlimited in extent and perpetual in its action; and this is through the art of printing.

To the present generation, however, we are indebted for the introduction of the admirable system of local biography. By this system every man, thougl he has not achieved what the world calls greatness, has the means to perpetuate his life, his history, through the coming ages.

The scythe of Time cuts down all ; nothing of the physical man is left. The monument which his children or friends may erect to his memory in the cemetery will crumble into dust and pass away; but his life, his achievements, the work he has accomplished, which otherwise would be forgotten, is perpetuated by a record of this kind.

To preserve the lineaments of our companions we engrave their portraits, for the same reason we collect the attainable facts of their history. Nor do we think it necessary, as we speak only truth of them, to wait until they are dead, or until those who know them are gone: to do this we are ashamed only to publish to the world the history of those whose live? are unworthy of public record.

Hon. William C. Lyon

HON. WILLIAM COTTER LYON. The proud distinction won by the Old Dominion during the early history of our country as the "mother" of presidents and the home of illustrious men, was afterward transferred to Ohio. The Buckeye .State has been the birthplace of many who have taken high rank in the councils of the nation. It has given our country in recent years three of its chief executives, Grant, Hayes and Garfield, as well as many eminent statesmen, Sherman, McKinley, Fo raker, etc., whose names are household words throughout the land. Among its illustrious sons is the gentleman whose name introduces this biographical review, and who has been the recipient of many oflices of honor from the people of the commonwealth. A man of ripe intellect, of a clear and vigorous mind, with a keen understanding of all subjects of public import, he has wielded an unmistakable inlluence on the civic life of the state.

The life of this statesman will be of great interest to our readers, and especially to the people of Newark, among whom he has resided for many years. He was born in Homer, Medina County, Ohio, July 7, 1841, and is a son of David Lyon, a native of Westchester County, N. Y., and a farmer by occupation. The paternal grandfather, William Cotter Lyon, likewise a native of Westchester County, died in West Somerset, N. Y., in 1848. The "real-grandfather, David Lyon, was born in Belfast, Ireland, in 175(>, and with his father, Jonathan (likewise a native of Belfast), emigrated to America prior to the Revolutionary War, settling in New York. The sympathies of David Lyon were enlisted on behalf of the struggling Colonies, and he was one of the heroes of the Revolution, servingas captain during 1775-7(5. His death occurred in Homer, Medina County, Ohio, in 1851.

At Wooster, Wayne County, Ohio, David Lyon, Jr., and Miss Ann McGuire were united in marriage. This lady was bom in Ireland, and was well educated and held in high esteem for her man}' womanly qualities. Her father, Henry Mc- Guire, also a native of the Emerald Isle, brought his family to America dining the earl}' part of the present century and settled in Wayne Count}1, Ohio, where he died in 1840. After his marriage David Lyon sojourned for four years in Homer, Ohio, thence removed to Cass County, Mich., and there, after a residence of two years, the wife and mother passed away, in June, 1847.

Memorial Record

ing of the father and three children, returned to Ohio, and for a time resided in Wooster, Wayne County. In 1853 he settled on an unimproved farm in Putnam County, Ohio, and in September of the same year he was brutally murdered by an intoxicated neighbor, simply for the reason that Mr. Lyon, who was a Christian, reproved him for using excessively profane language. Therefore, when only twelve years of age, William C, of this sketch, found himself thrown entirely upon his own resources. With a cheerful fortitude he endured the hardships and privations which were necessarilj' imposed upon him, not for his support alone, but for those who were dependent upon him.

The annals of American biography are filled with records of heroic endeavors on the part of brave boys, who at the same time that they were burdened by poverty, cherished a burning ambition to excel in some branch of knowledge. Man}7 a noble boy has not only tenderly cared for the dear ones who have been lefi destitute by the father's death, but has also planned for the acquisition of a liberal education, that he might become fitted for the work to which he looked forward. Such has been the experience of Mr. Lyon, and success has crowned his efforts, as it usually rewards the industrious and judicious. Realizing that it was necessary to gain some means of livelihood, he learned the trade of a shoemaker in youth, and was thus employed until the opening of the Rebellion.

Imbued with the zeal and patriotism that had inspired his forefathers, Mr. Lyon responded to the call for troops and was one of the first men to enlist in Medina County, his name being enrolled in the army in April, 1861. For three months he was engaged in camp service at Cleveland and Columbus, after which he was attached to Company C, Twenty-third Ohio Infantry, a regiment to which belonged at different times many national characters, including General Hayes, Justice Stanley Mathews, Hon. William MeKinley, and others of perhaps equal prominence in military and civil life. He served as a private until 1863. At the battle of South Mountain he was promoted to Second Lieutenant, later became First Lieutenant, and was commissioned Captain in the spring of 1865.

Until within thirteen months of the close of the war, Captain Lyon took part in all the important engagements with his regiment. Shortly after his promotion to First Lieutenant, he was assigned to duty on the staff of General Scamman, and February 3, 1864, was taken prisoner and held until the war closed, being confined in Libby, Danville, Charleston, Raleigh, Macon and Columbia. During his confinement at Charleston, S. O, he was stricken down with yellow fever, but being a young man of a strong and robust constitution, he was enabled to ward off the perilous attack only to endure still greater suffering and hardships. While confined there, in October, 1864, an order was issued by the rebel war department that two Union officers must be shot in retaliation for two rebel bushwhackers who had been executed by order of General Burnside. An order was issued by the rebel commander for sixty officers to fall into line. Among that number was Captain Lyon.

The rebel captain announced to them the order of the rebel war department and said: "In this box are sixty beans, fifty-eight white and two black. -Whoever draws the black beans will be shot." Captain Lyon drew the first one and the late Colonel Case, of Bellefontaine, Ohio, a stanch friend of his, drew the other. They were at once taken away and expected to be executed. They were conveyed to Raleigh, N. O, and there placed in different cells underneath the state prison, where the light could not penetrate, and their cells were overgrown with moss and reeking with tilth. There, in that horrible place, they were confined for three months, gradually wasting away and d}Ting by inches. They were then sent to Columbia, S. O, where the Captain was offered the freedom of the city if he would work at his trade (shoemaking), but he indignantly declined the offer, declaring he would rot in prison before he would in any way lend a hand to the cause of the Confederacy. Through his long confinement and great sufferings he became greatly emaciated, and when released, March 1, 1865, weighed but ninety-seven pounds.

Arriving in Columbus, April 15, 1865, Captain Lyon soon afterward returned to Medina County, where he engaged in the shoe business until 1870.

He then removed to Newark, where he has since resided. In 1877 he was appointed Postmaster at Newark by President Hayes, and re-appointed by President Arthur, holding the position until January 1, 1886. In September, 1884, lie purchased the Newark American, and since his retirement from the postoffice has devoted himself largely to the publication of that paper. This, as may be inferred, is a stanch and influential Republican organ.

In 1886 Governor Foraker appointed Captain Lyon a Trustee of the Soldiers' and Sailors' Orphan's Home atXenia, Ohio, which position he filled with acceptance for some years. At the Republican State Convention of 1887 lie received the nomination for Lieutenant-Governor on the ticket with J. B. Foraker, and was elected by a handsome majority. It is needless to add that the duties of the office were discharged with ability and satisfaction to his constituents and the people of the state. He was chosen delegate to the well remembered National Convention at Minneapolis in 1892, and cast his vote for the Napoleon of protection, Governor McKinlcy.

Socially, Captain Lyon is a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and is Past Grand Regent of the Royal Arcanum of Ohio, also a member of the Supreme Council of the United States and Canada of that body. He is identified with Lemert Post No. 71, G. A. R., of Newark. Since 1866 he has been an active and consistent member of the Baptist Church. June 17, 1868, he was united in marriage with Miss Eva M. Spitzer, daughter of Garrett Spitzer, of Medina County, Ohio. They have one daughter, Maud E., who is the wife of William A. Galloway, M. D., of Xenia, Ohio.

The foregoing is but a brief and imperfect outline of the life and deeds of one of Newark's representative and esteemed citizens. His life has been an active one. Thrown when quite young upon his own resources, he has displayed those characteristics which have shone out with increasing lustre all through his life, and when the sun begins to set and the shadows begin to fall, when day is swallowed up in night, and the curtain falls upon the last scene, it may truthfully be said of William Cotter Lyon, "Well done, good and faithful servant."

WILLIAM WHITNEY, deceased, who for man}' years was a prominent resident of Granville, was born at Ashbuniham, Worcester County, Mass., July 22, 1809. There his boyhood days were passed, and in its schools his education was obtained. At the age of twenty he went to Boston, where he spent one year occupied in various capacities. While in that city he was converted, and later united with the Baptist Church. Desiring a better education, he was advised by a friend to go west and attend Shurtleff College, at Alton, III.

Acting upon this advice, Mr. Whitney started for Alton, traveling by canal boats, stages and on foot, shipping his effects as best lie could. He stopped for a short time at Granville, and reached his destination after six weeks. In the college at Alton he pursued his studies for a year and a-half, and then started on his return to Boston, but on reaching Granville he was prevailed upon to remain there. On the 13th of December, 1831, he became a member of the first class under the direction of the old Granville Theological Institute, (now Denison University), and while there was licensed to preach.

The early experience of Mr. Whitney at Granville was of an unusually exciting character. He was bitterly opposed to slavery, and having the courage of his convictions, freely spoke and wrote against it, in season and out of season, which brought him strong opposition. The discussion reached its climax when he wrote and published a tract entitled "Mobocracy Exposed; or, a Pill for the Doughfaces." For this he was viciously persecuted, which made it so unpleasant for him that he decided to go to Oberlin, then known as the "City of Refuge." He attended the school there for a short time, but owing to luck of means, could not complete the course. After teaching school near Oberlin for a year, he returned to Granville, and for six years had charge of the public schools of the village, after which he occupied a similar position in Lancaster, Ohio, for eleven years, and in the latter place he was also express agent for a few years.

For the first year after his return to Granville, in 1865, he worked for Denison University in traveling about the country getting old scholarships surrendered and collecting funds for the college when he could do so. lie also served the university as financial secretary of the Ohio Baptist Educational Society for twenty years, and during nineteen years of the period he was also Treasurer, serving in that capacity until he was seventy-six years old, when declining health caused his retirement. He was twice married, first in Keene, Ohio, in 1840, to Miss Julia Emerson, who died November 10, 1801. The only child born of this union is deceased. April 19, I860, Mr. Whitney married Mrs. C. II. Courtney, widow of the Rev. J. M. Courtney, who now survives him. Repassed away December 14, 1893, mourned by all who knew him. In all the relations of life he was true to every trust, whether public or private, and faithfully discharged every duty to his family, to the community and to his God. He was always found on the side of truth and justice, fearlessly advocating the light and opposing the wrong. If there was an evil in the community that he did not antagonize, it is safe to say that he did not know of its existence.

Mrs. Whitney, whose maiden name was Catherine Hall, was born on a farm in Yates County, N. Y. Her father, Joseph Hall, was a soldier in the War of 1812. Her mother, who bore the maiden name of Mary Black, was born at Johnstown, N. Y., of Scotch parents, who when young crossed the ocean on the same sailing-vessel, and later in life met, became acquainted and were married. When a girl, Catherine Hall attended the public schools, after which she went to Geneva and took a course in the female seminary under Mrs. Record. She taught school for six years prior to her marriage to the Rev. J. M. Courtney, which occurred October 28, 1845. He was born in New Jersey, May 20, 1811, educated at Bordentown. N. J., and licensed to preach about 1834. His first charge was at Morristown, N. J., and he entered upon his duties as pastor of the First Baptist Church of Zanesville, Ohio, in October, 1841, continuing there eight years. He died in Akron, Ohio, December 27. 1852, after a brief illness. He and his wife had three children : Alary E., deceased; Edward T., a member of the United States regular army; and William L., an architect and builder of Granville. After the death of the Rev. Mr. Courtney, his widow taught in the public schools of Zanesville for nine years, following that profession until she became the wife of Mr. Whitney. She is a cultured, refined and well informed lady, who during her residence in Granville has won the regard of the best people of the community.

JOSF.1'11 B. SINSABAUGH. Licking County is the home of many gentlemen of fine natural abilities, thorough education and business energy, who in various fields of industry are acquiring enviable reputations and gaining well deserved success. Among this number we present the name and life sketch of J. B. Sinsabaugh, one of the most influential business men of St. Louisville. Of the success he has achieved he has no reason to complain, and he merits especial regard inasmuch as his present standing is due to his unaided exertions and represents the results of his own unremitting efforts.

Born in Franklin County, Ohio, March 21, 1841, the subject of this sketch spent the first tin years of his life upon a farm there with his parents, George and Elizabeth (McCrey) Sinsabaugh. He then accompanied the family to Fairfield County, the same state, where his education was conducted in the district schools. After eight years spent in that place, he removed to Musk in yum County, and was residing there when the firing of Ft. Sumter aroused his indignation, inducing him to give not only his influence to the cause of the Union, but his active services as well.

Enlisting August 4, 1862, Mr. Sinsabaugh became a member of Company (!, Ninety-seventh Ohio Infantry, and after a faithful service of two and one-half years he was discharged on account of wounds received in the battle of Kenesaw Mountain. lie participated in numerous skirmishes and minor engagements, as well as a number of important and decisive battles, including those of Stone River, Missionary Ridge, Dal ton, Resaca and Dallas, Ga. At the battle of Missionary Ridge lie received a slight wound in the foot, and at Kenesaw Mountain he was severely wounded in the right arm, in consequence of which he was obliged to leave the army.

Returning to the Buckeye State, Mr. Sinsabaugh resided in Knox County for a short time and thence, in 18G6, he came to St. Louisville, where he has since made his home. His principal occupation throughout life has been that of farming, in which he has met with success. In June, 188(1, he was appointed by Warden Coffin to the position of Guard in the Ohio State Penitentiary, and was afterward promoted to be Captain of the Guard Room, remaining in the two positions for four years. After resigning he returned to St. Louisville, and here, since 1890, he has conducted a large and profitable grain business.

The marriage of Mr. Sinsabaugh, occurring at St. Louisville, December 23, 18G8, united him with Miss LucindaMcDaniel, a nativcof Newton Township, Licking County, and a daughter of the late John McDaniel, one of the old settlers of that township. Two sons have blessed their union, Guy P.. and Frederick B. In his social connections Mr. Sinsabaugh is identified with Channel Post No. 188, G. A. R., and is one of its prominent members. As a citizen he is ever interested in measures having for their object the promotion of the best interests of St. Louisville, and in his political views he gives his support to the principles of the Republican party. The record of his iife illustrates what may be accomplished by determined will and perseverance, for through his own efforts he has gained material prosperity and the esteem of his acquaintances.

FRANKLIN WI LKIN, a successful agriculturist residing on section 17, Mary Ann Township, was born July 28, 1833, upon the farm where he now resides. He is the youngest son and ninth child born to the union of Henry and Magdalene (Smootz) Wilkin. His parents were both natives of Virginia, the father born in Hardy County July 4, 1781, and the mother in Shenandoah County July 6, 1794. They were married in the Old Dominion and thence, in October of 181t), removed to Licking County, Ohio, at a period so early in the history of this section that the entire country was one vast wilderness. At present only one family is living in the county that resided here at the time of their arrival. They continued to make this their home until called from earth.

In the subscription and public schools of pioneer days the children of Henry Wilkin received their schooling. Of the large family only four are now living, namely: David, a farmer living in Washington Township, this county; Lucinda, the wife of Samuel Pound and a resident of Eden Township; Mrs. Barbara Wilson, the widow of George Wilson and a resident of Newark Township; and Franklin, of this sketch. Of those deceased all grew to mature years. Amanda married P. C. Fiske and both arc now deceased; Lydia married Bartholomew Chambers, of Putnam County, Ohio, by whom she had three children, two sons yet living, Bartholomew and Byron. After the death of Mr. Chambers she became the wife of S. W. Miles, whom she preceded in death; George and John were both widowers at the time of their demise; Henry died unmarried. The family has been represented in the various wars of the country from the time of the Revolution to the present. George, a brother of our subject, served for three years in the Union army during the Civil War, being a member of an Ohio regiment.

The lady who, October 13, 1864, became the wife of Franklin Wilkin bore the maiden name of Mary A. Jenkins, and was born in Licking County in 1847. Her parents, James and Rebecca (Parker) Jenkins, were natives respectively of Washington Township, Licking County, Ohio, and the Old Dominion. Both passed away in this count}'. Three children were born of the union of Mr. and Mrs. Wilkin, namely: Magdalene, who was born September 11, 1865, and died November 13, 1870; Milton, whose birth occurred November 2, 1867; and Henry, who was born October 1, 1879, and is now a student in the school at Pataskala, Ohio. The elder son is a farmer by occupation and married Miss Nettie Wilkin.

The public affairs of the township and country receive a due share of Mr. Wilkin's attention and he is prominent in the councils of the Democratic party of this section. At the present time he is serving as Treasurer of Mary Ann Township, which office has been in his house continuousl}' for twenty-one years. He has also served in various other positions of trust and responsibility. In 1863 he joined the Masonic order and has since been an ardent supporter of Masonic principles. He is an attendant at religious services, but not a member of any denomination. His wife is a Baptist and his sons are worthy members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He was one of the charter members of Acacia Lodge No. 464, A. F. & A. M., in which he has held official positions. This lodge was organized at Wilkin's Run and still exists, having a present membership of about forty.

The farm owned and occupied by Mr. Wilkin is one of the best in the neighborhood. The soil is fertile, and in return for the care and cultivation of the owner, yields bountiful harvests every year. It comprises three hundred and fifty-six acres, the most of which is bottom land, lying on Wilkin's Run. A portion of the property is rented, while from the remainder Mr. Wilkin reaps large harvests of golden grain. He and his family are highly esteemed and are prominent in the social circles of the community.

TEPHEN W. MILES. Every man who has improved a tract of land and placed it under cultivation has added materially to the wealth of his township and so of his county. Thus it is that Mary Ann Township is indebted to our subject and his associate farmers and stock-raisers for much of its prosperity and high standing as a favored agricultural district. His farm is situated on section 1C, and comprises one hundred and fifty-four acres of tillable land, the whole constituting a very attractive homestead.

Born in Eden Township, Licking County, Ohio, November 18, 1828, our subject is the only son of John and Barbara (Dush) Miles. His father was a native of Pennsylvania, and came to Licking County at a period so earl}' in its history that wild beasts had full possession of the forests. The country was sparsely settled when he established himself here, and only the brightest of day-dreams could picture forth its present highly improved and prosperous condition. The pioneers could not even imagine the lines of rail that cross its once trackless wilderness and the wires over which the electric current carries the messages between places far distant.

to serve his country in the War of 1812, and as a bounty for his services in that, memorable conflict lie received a land warrant in Putnam County, Ohio. After his deatli his widow received a small pension, which was continued until her demise. The father passed away at the age of sixtysix years. The mother, who was born in Muskingum County, Ohio, in 1808, died at the home of our subject in March, 1894. They were a worthy couple and enj03,ed the esteem of all who knew them. Among their children were two daughters, one of whom, Catherine, died in childhood, and the other, Mrs. Rachel A. Edwards, resides in Newark, Ohio.

Alternating attendance at the public schools with work on the home place, Stephen W. Miles gfew to manhood. Since 1845 he has resided on his present farm, which is a model country place, improved with a beautiful residence and convenient surroundings. For the past five years he has rented the land to tenants, though he still retains a portion, upon which he engages in mixed farming. He was first married to Levina Gray, who died, leaving a daughter one 3'ear old. This child, Melissa A., is now the wife of Frank Dush, a farmer living in Hillsdale County, Mich. The second wife of Mr. Miles bore the maiden name of Lydia Wilkin and died October 5, 1888, leaving one child. William Henry, at present a student in Ada College, at Ada, Ohio. December 1, 1892, Mr. Miles was united in marriage with Mrs. Mary E. (Bell) King, who was born in Licking County in June, 1841, and who, prior to her union with our subject, had been twice married and twice widowed.

During the late war Mr. Miles was a stanch supporter of the Union, but being physically incapacitated for service by reason of the loss of an eye, he furnished a substitute and in every way possible promoted the cause of the Union. Through industry and economy he lias accumulated a fine property, all of which he has purchased himself, excepting a small tract inherited from his father. In religious views he is liberal, but is in sympathy with the work of the church. Politically, he votes with the Democratic party. In his social connections he is identified with Acacia Lodge

JOSEPH M. ICKES. The reputation of this gentleman is not confined to Newark, his home and the center of his business interests, but through his work it has extended much further. Still young in years, he is one of those of whom it may be said that he carries "an old head on young shoulders." As managing editor of the Newark Daily and Weekly Tribune, he brings to his responsible position unerring judgment and a large fund of general information The Daily is an eight-column folio and has probably the largest circulation of any daily paper in the county. The Weekly, which is also popular among the people of this section, is a six-column, twelvepage paper, devoted to matters of social, business, religious and political import.

Born in Sandusky County, Ohio, October 24, 1857, our subject is the son of Daniel and Delilah (Zimmers) Ickes, natives of Bedford County, Pa., where they were reared and married. Emigrating to Ohio in 1848, they settled in Sandusky County, where they still reside ( 1894), the father sevent}'- six and the mother seventy-two years old. After many years spent upon their farm they now live retired in the village of Helena, in the enjoyment of all the comforts of life. In politics the father is a stanch Republican and in his younger years was an active worker in the party ranks. In religious belief he and his good wife are identified with the United Brethren Church.

Among six sons and three daughters comprising the family, Joseph M. Ickes is the seventh in order of birth. He was reared on the home farm and at the age of eighteen began to teach during the winter season, spending his summers in farm work. When twenty he entered the National Normal University at Lebanon, Ohio, and was graduated in the scientific department with the Class of '80. Later he was for one year Principal of the schools at Martinsburg, Ohio, after which he was elected Superintendent of Schools of Utica, Ohio, which position he held for four years.

Having always cherished a fondness for newspaper work, Mr. Ickes yielded to a desire to enter the field of journalism and purchased a one-half interest in the Newark American, of which he was business manager for six years. On the 19th of December, 1889, he was appointed Postmaster at Newark, which position he filled in a most efficient manner for three and one-half years, resigning under a change of administration. Subsequently a stock company was formed, which purchased the Daily and Weekly Tribune, then in the hands of a receiver. The paper was then at a low ebb, and it was no small task to build up its credit and influence as an organ of the Republican party in this community. Such Mr. Ickes has done since becoming the managing editor, and the remarkable success of the paper proves his ability as a financier and editor.

In June, 1884, Mr. Ickes married Mrs. Arminta B. (Bradway) Sellers, and they are the parents of three daughters, Edith, Ada and Marguerite. In religious belief they are members of the Second Presbyterian Church, and in social circles are prominent and popular. Mr. Ickes is identified with the Knights of Pythias and the Royal Arcanum. Both as a public-spirited citizen and successful newspaper man he is highly regarded by all his acquaintances.

Proeessor Almon Underwood

PROEESSOR ALMON UNDERWOOD .THRESHER, of Granville, is a native of Stafford, Conn., and was born October 9, 1840, to Thomas Hubbard and Palace (Underwood) Thresher, the former born in Connecticut, and the latter in Massachusetts. The paternal grandmother of Mr. Thresher traced her ancestry back in a direct line to John Alden and Priscilla Mullen, who came to the New World in the"Mayllower." The father of our subject was a farmer by occupation and spent his entire life on the farm where he was born.

The boyhood days of Almon U. Thresher were spent upon the home farm and in attending the public schools. At the age of eighteen years he entered the Munson (Mass.) Academy for the purpose of preparing himself for a collegiate course. For four winter terms he engaged in teaching school in order to defray the expenses of a college education. He then became a student at Amherst College, of Amherst, Mass., from which he was graduated with the Class of '65. In August of the same year he came to Granville and accepted a position as teacher in the preparatory department of Denison University, remaining one year. He then taught one year in Wy man's University, of St. Louis.

In September, 1867, Professor Thresher was called to the Chair of Rhetoric and English Literature in Denison University, and occupied that position for twenty-five years, laboring earnestly and faithfully, and performing the duties with ability and to the satisfaction alike of associates and students. Probably no member of the faculty labored more indefatigably for the promotion of the students and the best interests of the university than did he. A quarter of a century of earnest, unceasing toil proved too much for his physical strength, and owing to failing health he resigned his professorship in July, 1892.

After severing his connection with the university, Professor Thresher spent the following year in Europe, where he recuperated his lost strength and also availed himself of the opportunity to visit many places famous in the world of letters and art. He returned to the United States with invigorated health and renewed energies. Aside from his professional duties, he has found time to devote to other enterprises. He was for ten years Secretary of the Ohio Baptist Education Society and Curator of the university grounds for fourteen years. He was also one of the constituent members of the Shepardson College Board, and served as its Secretary until he resigned prior to going abroad. In the organization of the Building A Loan Association of Granville he assisted, was its first President, serving for four years, and secured the organization known as the Village Improvement Association. In politics a Republican, he has supported that party since casting his first Presidential vote for Lincoln in 1861. For several years he was a member of the Village Council.

In November, 1870, Professor Thresher married Miss Mary I. Abbott, daughter of Judge Elizur Abbott, a prominent citizen of Granville, mention of whom is made elsewhere in this work. Mrs. Thresher was graduated from the Granville Female College, and taught music in that institution and elsewhere for several years. She is a lady of culture, who has been of inestimable assistance to her husband in his professional and literary labors.

BRICK S. TAYLOR. Among the farmers of Mary Ann Township this gentleman occupies a position of influence. His estate, while not one of the largest, is numbered among the most fertile and finely improved places in the county, and has been embellished with all the modern improvements, including a cozy residence, commodious barn, and all other outbuildings necessary for the shelter of stock and storage of grain. Mr. Taylor is also a good type of the noble volunteers of the late war who responded to the call for troops, enlisted in the service of the Union, and with the boys in blue inarched to the front, enduring perils and hardships innumerable, nor resting from these untiring labors until the Stars and Stripes once more waved over a free and undivided nation.

Referring to the parental history of our subject, we note that he is the second among seven children comprising the family of David and Hannah (Murphy) Taylor, natives respectively of Morgan and Belmont Counties, Ohio. Of the other members of the family the following are noted: James F., who for a number of years engaged in teaching and also followed a mechanical trade, is now engaged in farming near Zancsville and is married; Mary, who became the wife of Thomas Palmer, died in Mary Ann Township, leaving several children; Flora, the wife of John Larrabee, lives in Mary Ann Township. Rosa married Henry Williams and died in 1888. Victoria, the wife of Simeon Houdeshell, lives in Iowa. David J. married Harriet Nichols and lives in Newark, Ohio, where he follows the carpenter's trade.

In Morgan County, Ohio, the subject of this sketch was born January 12, 1816. He accompanied his parents from Ohio to Missouri, later to Arkansas, and returning to the Buckeye State, resided with them in various counties, finally locating in Mary Ann Township, Licking County, when he was twenty years old. His education was secured in the public schools of the several counties where he resided. At Norwich, Muskingum County. February 27, 1861, he enlisted as a member of Company D, Seventy-eighth Ohio Infantry, being then eighteen years of age. He was assigned to duty in the Second Brigade, Third Division, Seventeenth Army Corps, in the Army of the Tennessee under General Sherman.

In the various engagements with which his regiment was connected, Mr. Taylor took a prominent part. He was in the battles of Big Shanty Station and Kenesaw Mountain, inarching thence to Atlanta, Ga., where July 21 he participated in the famous charge on that city. His company lost half of its men in this engagement, but succeeded in capturing a line of works. After the siege of Atlanta he accompanied General Sherman on the march to the sea, traveling from Savannah to Beaufort, S. C.,and having almost daily skirmishes with Confederates. From Goldsboro, N. C, the regiment marched to Columbia, S. C, and thence across both the Carolinas, finally reaching Washington in time to participate in the Grand Review. July 15, 1865, he was discharged at Columbus, Ohio, returning from Washington, D. C, via

Returning home after the war Mr. Taylor commenced to work on his father's farm in Muskingum County, whence the family removed to Licking County in March, 1866. Here the wife and mother died in October, 1889. The father went to California, where his death occurred. Brice S. remained in Licking County, and January 31, 1867, he was united in marriage with Miss Susan C. Hunter, a resident of Chandlersville, Muskingum County, Ohio. This estimable lady is the second among three children constituting the family of William and Susan (Newman) Hunter, who were of Irish and German ancestry respectively, and were residents of Muskingum County, Ohio, the father, a native of Ireland and the mother of Ohio. Mr. Hunter died in Muskingum County in 1857; his widow survived him for many years, passing away in Licking County March 7, 1891. Mrs. Taylor has one sister and one brother. The former, Sarah, is the wife of Joseph Tolbert, a farmer of Muskingum County, and they have three children. The brother, Harrison W., a farmer by occupation, married Lucy Breckenridge, and they with their children live in New Sharon, Mahaska County, Iowa.

The union of Mr. and Mrs. Taylor has been blessed by the birth of two children. Frank H., who was born November 10, 1867, married Miss Flora Nethers and is now a resident of Newark, this stale. He and his wife have one child, Dais}' F., now five years old, a bright and charming child, who is the pride not only of her parents, but of her fond grandparents as well. The only daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Taylor, Minnie B., was born December 15, 1873, and died August 9, 1887. The religious home of the family is in the Disciples' Church, and they are foremost in its good works.

By industry and econom3' Mr. Taylor has accumulated a pompetence and owns his farm of eighty-five and one-half acres, in addition to a business and residence block in Newark. He is a pensioner of the late war and a member of the Grand Army of the Republic. For a time he held membership in the Federation of Labor, but dues not now affiliate with the organization. In his political views he is a stanch Republican and served for eleven years as Justice of the Peace in Mary Ann Township. Previous to locating on his present farm he sold another estate in the same township and removed to Newark. In 1893 he removed from Newark to his present location, where he expects to make his permanent home.

OLIVER PRESCOTT SOOK, M. D.. of Newark, is a representative of four nationalities, his paternal grandfather having been of German birth, his paternal grandmother, Lelitia McAfee, Irish, his maternal grandfather a Welsh clergyman, and his maternal grandmother, Lydia Newport, an English Ouakeress. The paternal grandparents Zook (as the name was then spelled) died on board a vessel en route to America, leaving two sons, Henry M. and Peter.

When the orphaned boys landed in America among strangers they were t'iken and eared for by two different families, Henry M. being reared by a Catholic family in Maryland, and Peter by a family in Pennsylvania. The family with whom the former resided changed the spelling of his name to Sook, and when he afterward met his brother they mutually agreed to adopt this style. Henry M. was apprenticed to learn the trade of a saddler, which he followed more or less throughout his entire life, being considered the best manufacturer of horse collars in all the country round.

While Henry M. Sook was yet a young man the teachings of Dr. Samuel Hahnemann were being published, and he being attracted by them, was soon an ardent student, and thus became one of the early homeopathic physicians. Afterward he settled in Knoxville, Ohio, where he healed the sick without charge, depending upon his trade for a livelihood. He never asked for remuneration for medical advice, but frequently was the recipient of favors from those whom he treated. He died at the age of ninety years. Although reared in a Catholic family, he never adopted that faith, but was a believer in and a follower of the teachings of Swedenborg.

Unto Henry M. Sook and his wife, Lclitia, were born three sous and three daughters, viz.: Henry L., James, Joseph, Letitia, Nancy and Lavinia. Of these Henry L. was bom in Allegheny County, Pa., and came with the family to Ohio, where he learned the trades of a saddler and a cooper. However, not being satisfied with either, he read medicine and entered upon the practice of his profession, which for more than forty years he followed in Steubenvillc, Pomeroy, Newark and Cleveland. He died in 181)2, at the age of seventy years.

The marriage of Henry L. Sook united him with Miss Mary, daughter of Rev. David Powell. .She died in 1854, leaving three children, of whom our subject is the eldest; Mary is a physician and the wife of Dr. William Thompson, of Cleveland, Ohio. Henry is a lawyer of Los Angeles, Cal. The subject of this sketch was born in Steubenville, Ohio, October 6, 1843, and was educated in the academy of his native town. Under the guidance of his father he conducted his medical studies and with him he entered upon the practice o* the profession. In 1871 he was graduated from the Homeopathic Hospital College, now known as the Cleveland University of Medicine and Surgery, of which school his father, sister, brother-in-law and son are also graduates.

Opening an office in Newark in 1869, Dr. Sook has since conducted an extensive practice and is well known throughout the entire county as a skillful and reliable physician. His office is at his residence, which is situated at the northwest corner of Third and Locust Streets and is among the finest in the city. In addition to this property he owns a valuable farm, which is stocked with fine cattle and blooded horses. The success which he has attained is the result of his unaided efforts. He paid his way through college without assistance from any one, and his success has been achieved solely through merit.

Order of Odd Fellows, and also belongs to the Royal Arcanum, Ancient Order of United Workmen and Grand Army of the Republic. During the late war he served as a member of the Ohio National Guards, and in 1864 saw four months of active service. The demands of his profession have consumed his time to the exclusion of public affairs, but he advocates the principles of the Republican party on all occasions, though not active in its ranks. He has often contributed articles to the medical journals and keeps abreast with the most recent discoveries in the medical world.

In Newark, Ohio, December 29, 1864, occurred the marriage of Dr. Sook and Miss Lois A. Abbott. This estimable lady was born in Cohoes, N. Y., April 12, 1845, and is the daughter of George and Rosella (Jewetl) Abbott. The union has resulted in the birth of four children, as follows: Joseph R. Sook, M. D., residing in Newark, Ohio; Gertrude; Mary, the wife of W. D. Sauters, and Helen O. The family is prominent in social circles and highly esteemed wherever known.

REV. CHARLES RHOADS. The record of the life of this gentleman will be read with interest, not only from the fact that he occupies a position of prominence among the citizens of Granville, but also on account of the fact that it illustrates the power of self-reliance and untiring perseverance. Early obliged to become self-supporting, contact with the world developed in him the traits of energy, industry and determination, which are among his prominent characteristics. A resident of Granville since 1872, he is now, and for the past twenty-live years has been, Sunday-school Secretary of Ohio, and representative of the American Baptist Publication Society.

Rhoadsis the descendant of English and Irish ancestors, and the son of Thomas and Ann (Littleboy) Rhoads, both of whom were nativesof Philadelphia. The first ten years of his life were spent, in his native city, where he attended school a few years. However, his education has been acquired almost entirely by self-culture, and the broad range of information he now possesses proves his untiring industry and studious application. His mother died when he was a child, and he early learned that he must fight the battles of life alone and unaided. He was only ten when he began to make his own way in the world.

Going to Virginia, Mr. Rhoads supported himself by whatever honest employment he eould find, lie succeeded in getting one year's schooling, and while thus engaged Studied, among other branches, civil engineering, a practical and thorough knowledge of which he afterward acquired by private study. Early in 18.V2 he began the publication of a newspaper in Parkersburg, Va., and continued its editor and proprietor for ten years, after which he taught about four terms of school, lie then took up civil engineering as a profession and followed that vocation for about seven years. For the past quarter of a century, as already stated, he has been representative of the American Baptist Publication Society, and has also held the responsible and important position of State Sundayschool Secretary of ( >hio.

exclusively to institute work. His field of labor is not circumscribed, but extends into surrounding states, lie has held over fifteen hundred institutes, varying from two to six days each. Much of his time is necessarily occupied in traveling, and he delivers annually nearly one thousand addresses and sermons. Probably no man has in the same time performed a greater amount of work of similar kind than has he. For his position he is admirably qualified both mentally and physically. He has inherited a strong constitution, capable of long endurance. He possesses a splendid physique, a commanding presence and pleasing address. Laborious and self-reliant, he exhibits his strong individuality both by word and deed. Strong in his convictions, he is equally frank and fearless in expressing his views.

Politically, Mr. Rhoads is a pronounced Prohibitionist, and lias served as Chairman of the county organization, also been a candidate for Congress on that ticket. At Parkersburg, Va., August 17. 1852, he married Miss Grace M Dudley, a native of Connecticut. They have had live children, but three are deceased. Dudley, who was graduated from Denison University in 1876, is a civil engineer by profession; for some years he was in the employ of the Santa Fe Railway Company, and is now a resident of St. Louis. The only living daughter, Jennie, is the wife of Prof. Ira M. Price, Ph. D., now of the Chicago University.

Hon. William Bell, Jr

HON. WILLIAM BELL, Je. In presenting to the readers of this volume the biography of Mr. Bell, we are perpetuating the life record of ono of the most influential men of Ohio, and one who has occupied many of the most honored positions within the gift of the people. Throughout his long and eventful career he has maintained the integrity and energy characteristic of his youth. Nor has his success been merely that of gaining prominence among his fellow-citizens, but he has also been successful in serving others, in doing good and in winning the confidence of his associates.

Referring to the ancestry of Mr. Bell, we find that the family of which he is a member is of Scotch-Irish origin, and was represented in America during Colonial days. His father, Samuel Bell, was born in Greene County, Pa., in 1800, and was about fifteen when the family settled in Knox County, Ohio, within a half-mile of the farm where he made his home for about seventy years. He married Elizabeth Hanger, a native of Augusta County, Va., who accompanied her parents to Knox County, Ohio, in 1810.

In boyhood the subject of this notice attended the common schools, and at the age of twenty entered Martinsburg Academy, where his education was completed. In 1852, when but twenty-three years of age, he was elected to his first public po- sition, that of Sheriff. At the expiration of his term he was appointed Postmaster at Newark by President Franklin Pierce, and again by President James Buchanan. In 1858 he was again elected Sheriff, and was honored by re-election two years later. Afterward for three successive terms, from 1864 until 1870, he served as Auditor of the county.

With such ability had Mr. Bell served the people of the county that he had been brought conspicuously before the people of his district, who, recognizing his admirable fitness for public service, elected him to represent them in the Lower House of the State Legislature, and in 1873 he was reelected to that responsible position. As a member of the House, he won an enviable reputation as an ellicientand able legislator, and attracted the attention of the Democracy of the state. In 1874, when his party wished to select as its nominees for state otlices men of distinguished ability and great popularity, his name was brought forward as a candidate for Secretary of State. The Democratic Convention at Columbus nominated him for this honored office, to which he was elected by seventeen thousand majority. It is a matter of history that he was the first Democrat for twenty years who was elected to a state office in Ohio by a handsome majority over all opposition. In 1876 he I was nominated by acclamation for the same office.

This was the year of the hotly contested Presidential election, when party lines were closely drawn, and he was, as a consequence, defeated by a small vote.

In 1877 Gov. R. M. Bishop appointed Mr. Bell Commissioner of Railroads and Telegraphs, saying, with reference to the matter, that he had partially promised the position to another man, but had received thousands of letters from all parts of the state requesting the appointment of Hon. William Bell, Jr. Recognizing the fact that he was probably the most popular man in Ohio, he deemed it his duty to appoint him to the position. In that office Mr. Bell served until the election of Governor Foster, when his term expired.

Having removed to Columbus in 1874, at the Democratic Convention of Franklin County, September 3, 1881, Mr. Bell was nominated to represent the county in the Lower House, and was subsequently elected. During the term of his service he served on numerous important committees, including those on Imbecile Asylum, on Penitentiary and on Rules. After his removal to Newark he was elected Mayor, in which position he instituted a number of needed municipal reforms and promoted the best interests of the city. Although admitted to the Bar in 1872 by the Supreme Court, his public duties have been such as to preclude active attention to his practice. In 1892 he was elected County Auditor, and in 1893 entered upon the duties of a three years' term.

On New Year's Day of 1856, Mr. Bell married Miss Elizabeth A., the daughter of James M. Ocheltree, formerly a resident of Newark, but now deceased. Three children bless this union: Samuel C; Virginia, who married Frank Merion, of Columbus; and Maggie O., the wife of A. W. Knox. Mr. Bell is now sixty-five years of age, but in excellent health, both physically and mentally, and looks as 3'oung as a man of fifty.

DAVID E. LLOYD. There is not a resident of Licking County living within a radius of ten miles of Wilkin's Run who is not familiar with the name of the subject of this biographical notice. He is a genial, open-hearted gentleman, an interesting conversationalist and one with whom it is a pleasure to meet. At the present time, and for some years past, he has conducted a blacksmith and general repair shop in the village where he makes his home.

A native of this countj', our subject was born August 7, 1853, and is the youngest son of David and Mary (Jones) Lloyd, natives of Montgomeryshire, North Wales. The paternal grandfather, Cadwalader Lloyd, engaged in farming pursuits throughout his entire active life and passed away in Wales in 1817; his wife, who survived him for many years, also died in her native country. David Lloyd, Sr., married in Wales and thence with his young wife emigrated to America in 1847, at the age of twenty-live years. Prior to coming to this country he had served an apprenticeship at the trade of a blacksmith, which he lias followed throughout his entire life. Politically he is a Democrat and an ardent supporter of party principles. In his social affiliations he was connected with the Ancient Order of Odd Fellows in Wales, but has not identified himself with the organization in the United States. His home has been in Licking County ever since his emigration to this country.

Nine children comprised the parental family, and of that number there now survive two sons and two daughters. John, the eldest, is a blacksmith in Columbus, Ohio; he married Dove Durr and they have two children; Clara and Emma reside with their parents; Mary died at the age of twenty-five years; and Caddie passed away when five years old. Three children died in infancy. The father of this family operates a general blacksmith and repair shop three miles south of Newark, where he has made his home since about 1850.

Under his father's guidance and assistance our subject learned the blacksmith's trade and established himself in business near the Orphans' Home in East Newark, where he remained for twenty months. Later he worked in Newark with his brother for one year, removing thence to Perry County and carrying on a shop near Thornville for two years. In 1881 he came to Wilkin's Run, where he has since owned and managed a general blacksmith and repair shop. He now owns a beautiful home and several acres of land at Wilkin's Run and is a prosperous and successful man. In youth be -'sowed his wild oats," as is too often the custom among young men, but with mature years have come better judgment and firmer principles, and consequently he has been enabled to lay by a snug sum for the proverbial ''rainy day." He has never married, but makes his home with the family of Franklin Wilkin, with whom he has resided for the past twelve years.

JONATHAN VICTOR IIILLI ARD, attorney, al-law and an influential citizen of Newark, was born in Upper Sandusky, Ohio, March 3, 1856. Of his ancestors little is known except that for several generations they resided in New York State. His father, Franklin Hilliard, was born in the Empire State and grew to manhood upon a farm, receiving a collegiate education. He read law, was admitted to the Bar and opened an otlice for the practice of the profession in New York.

While yet a young man Franklin Hilliard came to Ohio and settled at Upper Sandusky, where he taught school. During the administration of James Buchanan he was appointed Postmaster at Upper Sandusky, and by the same executive was appointed Government Surveyor. In 1859 he went to Kansas and was engaged in surveying at Leaven worth and Wyandotte. At the outbreak of the war in 1 KG 1 he joined Company C, Second Kansas Cavalry. In February, 1862, while on a scouting expedition with other members of the company, they were pressed hard by Indians and bushwhackers. He was riding a spirited horse, which in the chase threw him over a stake and rider fence, and he was left for dead by the pursuers, although he was conscious all the time.

supposed he had been killed. After weeks of suffering he recovered sufficiently to be taken to his home by the farmer. His illness continued until July, when he passed away at his home in Wyandotte. The injuries he received resulted in the formation of a large tumor, which was removed at his death and was found to weigh fifty-two and one half pounds. His mortal remains were buried with military honors in the west cemetery of Wyandotte. Throughout his entire life he was a stanch Democrat and "stumped" the state of New York during the campaign of 1856.

The mother of oursubject was Rachel A. McCafferly. She was born in Licking County, being the daughter of John and Mary McCafferty. Her grandfather, who was a native of Scotland, married an Irish woman, and emigrating to the United States, settled in Pennsylvania, where John Mc- Cafferty was born. The latter came to Ohio, locating on a farm on the reservoir in Licking County, here married and passed his remaining years, dying at the age of seventy-seven. His wife, who survived him for ten years, died in Birmingham, Ala., and they now lie buried side by side in the Reynoldsburg Cemetery. Both were earnest Christians and members of the Old School Baptist Church, in which lie was prominent. In politics he was a Democrat. His disposition was kind and charitable, and while he never sought prominence, lie became widely and favorably known.

After the death of Franklin Hilliard the family continued to live in Wyandotte, Kan., until 1865, when they returned to Ohio and settled upon a farm in Kicking County. Loss than a year afterward Mrs. Hilliard returned to the Sunflower State, where she married John AkCl'S, who had been a soldier in the Union army. With him she settled in Kickapoo City, Kan., where he died in 1879. Three years later she returned to Ohio and made her home with our subject until she married Richard D. Oldham, of this county. She passed away August 8, 1888. Her religious connections were with the Method is t Episcopal Church at Alexandria, Ohio.

in order of birth. David C, the eldest, is a farmer and carpenter residing in Lilhopolis, Ohio; he is married and has three children. Mary A., who became the wife of Godfrey G. Niceley, lives on a farm near West Jefferson, Ohio; Arisa Jane married Dr. Woodard and lives at Carterville, Mo. The subject of this sketch remained with his mother until 1865, but when the family returned to Ohio he went to live with his maternal greatgrandfather, David Westenbarger, a resident of Fairfield County, Ohio. He was reared upon a farm and attended the Reynoldsburg Academy. Before he was fifteen he received a teacher's certificate, but his great-grandfather objected to his commencing teaching at so early an age. However, when but sixteen he entered upon the life of a teacher, and taught and attended school alternately as his means would permit After the death of his great-grandfather, in 1873, he made his own way in the world.

Graduating in the classical course from Reynoldsburg Academy in 1874, Mr. Hilliard was afterward Superintendent of Schools in Centerville, Delaware County, Ohio, for two years. He then entered the Delaware University, completing the course there in 187G. In 1877 he married Miss Mary A. Algeo, at Kirkersville, Ohio, and immediately afterward removed to Alexandria, Ohio, where he was Superintendent of Schools for four years. In 1881 the Probate Judge, George Grasser, appointed him one of the School Examiners of Licking County, in which capacity he served for six years.

Removing to Hartford. Mr. Hilliard was Superintendent of Schools there for six years. He became prominent in the public affairs of that place and was chosen its Mayor, which responsible position he filled efficiently for two terms. For a time he was also Assistant Postmaster. November 2, 1886, he was elected Recorder of Licking Count}', which ollice he filled for six years, removing to Newark in January, 1887, and at once entering upon the duties of the office. While Recorder he read law with Swart/, it Allen, and was admitted to the Bar December 5, 1892, entering upon practice January 2 of the following year.

interest in the Sons of Veterans and in 1890 was candidate for Colonel at the state encampment, receiving a good support. In 1891, at the state encampment at Toledo, he was elected Colonel of the Division and served for one year, delivering over the office at the encampment in Chillicothe. During his official service the debts of the Division, amounting to $1,500, were all paid. He turned over the Colonelcy with a membership of more than seven thousand. At the Mansfield Encampment in 1890 he was elected delegate-at-large to the National Encampment held at St. Joseph, Mo., and has attended all the conventions since that time.

Politically Mr. Hilliard is a Democrat and an ardent worker in the ranks. Socially he belongs to Hebron Lodge No. 116, A. F. & A. M., Clinton Chapter No. 26, R. A. M., Clinton Commandery No. 5, K. T., Lodge No. 13, K. of P., in which he is Past Chancellor, the Improved Order of Red Men, in which he has attained the Pocahontas degree, the Knights of Labor, in which he has filled all the chairs, and the National Fraternal Union. He is identified with the Congregational Church, while his wife is a Baptist.

The children of Mr. and Mrs. Hilliard are, Atwell Sherman, Alma Elizabeth, Halleck Franklin, Gladys Evalena, Bright and Josephine Eulalia. Mr. Hilliard is a large real-estate owner, a stockholder in the savings bank and in various building and loan associations. The family residence, which is one of the most palatial in the city, is located on an eminence at No. 594 West Main Street.

WALLACE WILKIN is a successful agriculturist of Madison Township, and is engaged in general farming and stockraising on section 6. He is a native of Ohio, having been born in Wyandot County, October 11, 1857, and is the only child of John and Lucinda (Halsey) Wilkin. The father, who was born in

Licking County November 16, 1826, was called from earth in 1858, at the early age of thirty-one years, his death occurring in Wyandot County. The mother, who was of German lineage, was also born in Wyandot County, where she died two weeks previous to the demise of her husband, at the age of twenty-two years.

Thus sadly bereaved ere he was old enough to realize his great loss, the subject of this biographical notice was adopted into the family of his uncle, Franklin Wilkin, whose sketch is presented elsewhere in this volume. Under the kind care of that gentleman, Wallace grew to manhood and entered upon the occupation which his ancestors for generations before him had pursued, that of agriculture. His education in 3'outh was limited to a comparatively brief attendance in the public schools of this county, but through self-culture he has become well informed.

December 22, 1882, Wallace Wilkin was united in marriage with Miss Ella Hamilton, who was born in this county April 13, 1859. Two children resulted from this union, the elder of whom, Franklin, was born July 22, 1887, and died in infancy. The younger, Hay II., who was born November 30, 1890, is a bright child, the pride and joy of his fond parents. Mr. Wilkin inherited from his father two hundred and thirty acres of land in Wyandot County, which he disposed of, and purchased his present farm. Here he owns two hundred and thirty acres of fertile land under a high state of cultivation, upon which lie raises the various cereals and also all kinds of stock. He now has a number of thoroughbred Poland-China hogs on the place. The value of the property is enhanced by the commodious modern residence, as well as the capacious barns and other outbuildings, all substantially built and roofed with slate.

Socially, Mr. Wilkin is iden tided with Acacia Lodge No. 464, A. F. & A. M., at Wilkin's Run, in which he has held various official positions, including those of Treasurer, Junior and Senior Deacon and Senior Warden. He is not identified with any religious organization, but contributes to the work of the Methodist Episcopal Church, of which his wife is a member. In politics he gives the weight of his influence to the platform adopted by the Democratic party, which he believes the best adapted to the welfare of the country. He is well informed upon the great questions of the present age, and is one of the best posted men in the township. For five years he served as Trustee of Madison Township, and has rendered acceptable service in other official capacities.

WILLIAM MACY BLACK. The business interests of Granville have an able representative in the subject of this sketch, who is a successful coal merchant and one of the foiemost citizens of the place. His biography, which we now briefly review, affords an illustration of the fact that industry and good judgment will almost invariably bring their possessor abundant material success, although he may begin his business career without friends or capital.

A native of this state, Mr. Black was born at Sinking Springs, Highland County, August 10, 1857, and is of Scotch-Irish descent. His parents, Findley and Eliza Ann Burgess (Kerr) Black, were natives of Adams County, Ohio, and the former was a carpenter by trade. However, he learned the art of photography, and followed that occupation for some years preceding his death, which occurred early in the year 1884. The same 3'ear the widowed mother removed to Granville, where she still resides.