Madison Township (part 19 of 20)

Jacob B. King continued to live in his native township until he was twenty years of age, securing a good public school education in the meanwhile, and assisting on the home farm. In 1875 he accompanied his parents to Ballville Township, at which time his father bought the farm on which John King now resides, and also acquired other land. In 1881, Jacob B. King purchased his present farm from his father. It was formerly known as the old Emmerson place. When Mr. King took possession he immediately started to improve in every direction and has spent a large amount in placing the property in its present fine condition. Tis surroundings give evidence of good management, thrift and prosperity and the large brick residence is one of the best country homes in this section. Mr. King engages in general farming, raising grain, hay, fruit and stock.

On April 3, 1884, at Elida, Ohio, Mr. King was married to Miss Freeda Crites, a daughter of Charles and Sophia (Ludwick) Crites. They have two children, Omar Crites and Charles De Witt. The former was born in 1885. His education has been a liberal one, due attention being given to his unusual talent in artistic work, and = includes educational courses in the Fremont schools, the Actual

University, at Ada, Ohio, and at Valparaiso, Indiana. The second son, Charles D., was born November 17, 188g, and has pursued his studies in the fremont public schools and the Actual Business College. Mr. King and family belong to the Methodist Episcopal Church.

GEORGE W. BLOOM, auditor of Sandusky County, Ohio, is a well known and popular citizen, for a number of years having been engaged in educational work before he accepted his present responsible office. Mr. Bloom was born April 1g, 1875, in Ottawa County, Ohio, and is a son of George J. and Annie (Coleman) Bloom.

The Bloom family was established in Sandusky County by the grandparents of George W., as early as 1854. They were Jacob and Barbara (Florien) Bloom, natives of Baden, Germany. In that section*of Germany, on November 25, 1836, George J. Bloom, father of George W., was born, and he was 18 years of age when he accompanied his parents to Sandusky County. He assisted his father to clear up the farm and converted much of the timber into potash, engaging in this industry until the land was cleared. Later he acquired a large amount of farm land in Ballville Township and for a number of years was a leading agriculturist. He now lives retired. He mar-

George W. Bloom was reared on his father's farm and before his parents moved to Fremont, in 1892, he attended the country schools. He then entered the high school, where he was creditably graduated in 1895 and almost immediately began to teach. He continued to devote the winter seasons for some years to teaching, but spent his summers in healthful work on the home farm. Thus about eight years passed away teaching country school and farming, and during this time Mr. Bloom became well and favorably known. He also served three years as principal of an east side school in Fremont, resigning in 1908 to accept the superintendency of his home township and also Riley Township school. In politics he is a liberal Republican and is something of a leader In the fall of 1908 his friends urged him to make the race for the responsible office of county auditor and although Bryan carried Sandusky County by a majority of 1167 votes over Taft, Mr. Bloom was elected on the Republican ticket, receiving a majority of 155 votes over his opponent.

Mr. Bloom married Miss Mollie E. Loose, _ who ts a daughter of George Loose, who resides near Bellevue, and they have two children, George Melvin and Myron Ward. The pleasant family home is situated at No. 723 East State Street, Fremont. Mr. and Mrs. Bloom are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He is identified with the Knights of Pythias.

nine consecutive years as a justice of the peace, in Rice Township, resides on his valuable farm of 146 acres, which is situated in Section 32, to which he came in 1864. He owns also a tract of twenty-one acres in Washington Township. He was born in Fairfield County, Ohio, September 25, 1840, and is a son of Peter and Mary (Shoemaker) King. «The King family is of German extraction, but for generations has been essentially American. The great-grandfather, John King, was born in Virginia and from there went to Perry County, Ohio, where he settled as a pioneer. His son, George King, was born in Perry County, as was also the latter's son, Peter King, who in 1852 came to Sandusky County from Fairfield County, where he had resided after his marriage to Mary Shoemaker, a native of Pickaway County.

The Kings settled on a partly cleared farm of 240 acres, in Washington Township, and in that section Peter King became a man of much consequence. He served in many of the township offices, was a leader in the Democratic party and was one of the most liberal supporters of the German Reformed Church. He was the father of a large family and six of his children survive, namely: Samuel 5., living in Henry County, Texas; George W.: Henry M., residing at Napoleon, Ohio; Levi, living in Henry County, Ohio; Peter S., a resident of Continental, Ohio; and Jacob M..

County 897

COUNTY 897 engaged in farming in Washington Township. Three daughters, all now deceased, were named respectively, Rebecca, Malinda and Mary A. Peter King. died in 1880.

George W. King has spent almost all his life in Sandusky County and is indebted to Washington Township for his schooling, his natural abilities enabling him to advance beyond many of his school mates. He has long been a representative citizen of the county and for the past forty-five years has been a resident of Rice Township. He has been an active citizen, is an influential Democrat and for twelve years served as postmaster of the village of Kingsway. He is also a director and stockholder in the Kingsway Grain and Elevator Company. As a justice of the peace he has been a popular official and is widely known.

On November 13, 1862, Mr. King was married to Miss Louisa E. Waggoner, who was born October 6, 1842, in Sandusky Township, Sandusky County, a daughter of John and Mary (Bowman) Waggoner, natives of Pennsylvania. John Waggoner was a soldier in the War of 1812, and his father was one of General Washington's body-guard regiment. The parents of Mrs. King were early settlers in Perry County, Ohio, and they came from there to Sandusky County. Her ret died when she was five years old.

To Mr. and Mrs. King have io born the following children: Mary M., who is the wife of Milton Boggs, of Toledo, Ohio; Clara E., who is the wife of John Gross, of Green Creek Township; Louisa E., who is the wife of Frederick Coppus, of Hessville, Ohio; Samuel, who is a resident of Louisville, Kentucky; Celesta A., who is the wife of Irvin Fetterman, a prominent citizen of Rice Township; Catherine M., who is the wife of Henry M. Hetrick, of Sandusky Township; John Jacob, who is engaged in farming in Rice Township; Ida Isabel, who is the wife of Irvin Boyer, of Lansing, Michigan; Perlie A., who is the wife of E. F. Monroe, of Lansing; Carrie E., who resides at Lansing, Michigan; and Daisy M., who is the wife of George Kiser, of Sandusky County. The mother of the above family is a member of the Lutheran Church, but Mr. King was reared in the German Reformed faith.

HON. GEORGE FF. ALDRICH, cashier of the Helena Banking Company, of Helena, Ohio, has been prominently identified with the educational, business and political circles of Sandusky County for many years. He was born February 26, 1857, in Scott Township, Sandusky County, Ohio, and is a son of Hiram H. and [en (Donnell) Aldrich, and a grandson of Nero Aldrich.

Nero Aldrich was probably a native of the state of New York, from which he moved to Rhode Island, and from there to Ohio. He purchased forty acres of land in Scott Township, Sandusky County, on which he passed the remainder of his life. He was one of the early pioneers of this section and had much to do with its material development.

Hiram H. Aldrich, father of George F., was born in New York, in 1834, and was five years old when the family came to Ohio. He spent all of his subsequent life in Sandusky County, with the exception of a few years in Kansas, where his wife died, and his death occurred in Madison Township, in 1903. There were five children born to Hiram H. Aldrich and _ his wife, namely: John, a resident of Fostoria, who married Catherine Hearls; Mary, who resides at Tinney, Sandusky County, is the widow of John W. Hudson; George F.; Charles A., who resides in Scott Township; and Andrew Jackson, who married Adelia Stahl and resides at Gibsonburg, Ohio.

George F. Aldrich comes of an agricultural family, and, in addition to his other interests, he has given more or less attention to farming. Irom the public schools of Scott Township he entered the Normal School at Fostoria and later attended the Normal School at Mansfield. For twenty-five years he taught school in Sandusky County and for twelve years conducted a select normal school, and, with other township offices, served for four years as a member of the County Board of School Examiners, The cause of education has always been one of supreme interest to him and his efforts have ever been directed to further it. He has heen an efficient member of the School Board for three years and much of the excellence of the Scott Township schools may be credited to his influence.

Mr. Aldrich has been identified with the Helena Banking Company, of Helena, Ohio, since its organization, December 10, 1907. This institution has a paid in capital of $12,500, and was started to do a general banking business, The first officials were J. C. Fisher, president; Dr. C. A. Stephens, vicepresident; George I. Aldrich, cashier; and I. W. Walters, assistant cashier. The board of directors was made up of the following capitalists: J. C. Fisher, John Posey, R, M. Garn, John Spohn, Jacob Nieset, Sr., Dr. C. A: Stephens, G. F. Aldrich, M. J. Daub, P. H. Daub, Q. Seiple, and S. A. Raridon. Some changes in the personnel of the bank have taken place and the officers in 1909 are: J. F. Yeasting, of Gibsonburg, president: John Posey, first vice-president; John Spohn, second vicepresident; G. F. Aldrich, cashier and secretary ; and S. D. Spohn, assistant cashier. The members of the directing board are the following: John Posey, J. F. Yeasting, J. C. Fisher, C. A. Stephens, of Toledo, W. A. Heyman, John Nause, Samuel Roberts, John Welsh, H. J. Ickes, John Spohn and Z. C. Garn. Of the seventy-five stockholders all but four reside in Sandusky County.

On March 7, 1878, in Scott Township, Mr. Aldrich was married to Miss Eulalie Tinney, who is a daughter of Darwin Scott and Sarah (Wiggins) Tinney. The Tinney family gave the name to the village of Tinney, in Sandusky County, which was formerly known as Greensburg but was later changed to Tinney at request of the Post Office Department. Mr. and Mrs. Aldrich have had four children: May, Haven, Byron and Mabel. May, who was born December 10, 1878, married C. I. Vandersail and they reside at Toledo and have one son, Hiomer S. Mrs. Vandersall is a highly educated and accomplished lady. She was a student of the Ohio Normal University, at Ada, and was formerly a very acceptable teacher in Scott Township. Haven Aldrich, the eldest son, was born December 22, 1886. He secured a teacher's certificate when he was only fifteen years of age. He is a graduate of both the Actual Business College of Fremont, and of the Davis Business College of Toledo. He is employed in the discount department of the

And Representative Citizens 899

Home Savings and Trust Company, of Toledo. Byron, the second son, was born December 2, 1900, and is a bright student at school. Mabel, the twin sister of May, died in infancy.

In political affiliation, Mr. Aldrich is a Democrat. He has been honored by his party on many occasions and has given efficient and valuable service. For nine years he was a justice of the peace in Scott Township, served also as township clerk and in 1880 was census enumerator. In 1891 he was elected a member of the Seventieth General Assembly of the State of Ohio and was re-elected to a second term, his record at Columbus showing that his constituents made no mistake in electing him as their representative. He is one of the prominent Odd Fellows of this section, a member of Lodge No. 592, at Helena, in which he has filled all the official positions and has also been district grand master. He is a member of the Knights of Pythias at Fremont and also of the Modern Woodmen of America, of Tinney. With his family he is active in the Methodist Episcopal Church at Tinney and is a member of the Board of Trustees.

VINCENT F. OMLOR, who is engaged in farming on a highly cultivated tract of 160 acres in Ballville Township, Sandusky County, Ohio, was born July 28, 1872, in Ottawa County, Michigan, and is a son of Peter and Mary (Snyder) Omlor, who were among the early settlers of Ottawa County.

Vincent F. Omlor was one of eight children born to his parents, the others being as follows: Flora; Oleva, is the wife of Gils Rubuck, of Michigan; Celia, married Max Myers and resides in Michigan; Rosie; Laura; Alfred, deceased; and Peter. Peter Omlor died aged forty-five years and is still survived by his widow, who is now sixty-six years of age.

Vincent F. Omlor grew to maturity on his father's farm in Ottawa County, Michigan, and attended school until about sixteen years old, after which he assisted his father with the work on the farm. When twenty-five years of age he came to Sandusky County, Ohio, and worked for two years on a farm in Jackson Township, then moved to Sandusky Township, where he rented a farm for a period of three years, after which he came to his present farm, which he rented for four years, finally pur-hasing the land from his father-in-law, in 1908. He was married January 25, 1898, to Clara Wilhelm, a daughter of Louis and Katherine (Toppie) Wilhelm, who were prominent among the early settlers of this county.. Mr. and Mrs. Omlor have three children: Ollie, Alfred and Marie.

Louis Wilhelm, father of Mrs. Omlor, was born in Germany and at the age of nine years came to this country with his parents, who settled in Sandusky County, Ohio, where he was reared and educated and later engaged in agricultural pursuits. He married Katherine Toppie, who was born and reared in Sandusky County, Ohio, and died at the age of fifty-one years. To them were born nine children: Mary, married Michael Dulwich; Frances, married John Welden; Frank, deceased; Clara, wife of our subject; Joseph, married Martha Fichtner; Ollie, married Hellen Hoffman; Eva, married John Rheinick; Lucy, is the wife of Irvin Myers, all of whom are residents of Sandusky County. Mr. Wilhelm is still living at the age of seventy-one years.

JOHN FANGBONER, vice president of the First National Bank of Fremont, and formerly auditor of Sandusky County, is one of the substantial and representative men of this city. He was born in Union County, Pennsylvania, June 3, 1846, and is a son of James and Catherine (Hick) Fangboner.

James Fangboner was born in New Jersey and died in Union County, Pennsylvania, in 1892, aged eighty-four years. He was a farmer and also followed the trade of wagon making. He was survived some years by his widow, who was born in 1811, in Pennsylvania.

John Fangboner, one of a family of six children, was reared through boyhood en his father's farm. When sixteen years of age he made his first attempt to enter the army, but his youth prevented his acceptance, but on February 24, 1864, he succeeded and became a member of Company K, 5ist Regiment, Pa. Vol.

900 HistOny Inf., in which he served with courage until the close of the war, being honorably discharged July 25, 1865, at Trenton, New Jersey. THis service was in the Army of the Potomac and was often hazardous in the extreme. Although on many occasions he was forced to face almost certain death, he escaped all injury with the exception of a wound received in the second battle of the Wilderness.

For some years aiter the war, Mr. Fangboner resided at Lindsey, Sandusky County, Ohio, where he first became interested in an industry with which he has been more or less connected ever since. This was the buying, feeding and shipping of live stock and by 1887 it had grown 'to such dimensions that he thought best to locate at Fremont in order to have a wider field and better facilities. He has made a specialty of sheep and his extensive sheep pens resemble in miniature, the great city stockyards. Here he feeds thousands of sheep and ships to eastern markets. He also does a very large business in shipping farm produce of different kinds, a special line of his work being the buying, pressing and shipping of hay and straw, for this industry having provided excellent facilities. The rich agricultural territory surrounding Fremont Mr. Fangboner has found his granary, and through his enterprise, good judgment and business integrity, this section has greatly profited. Mr. Fangboner is recognized for his ability as a financier and since August, 1906, he has been vice president of the First National Bank of Fremont.

Mr. Fangboner was married in 1871, to Miss Ellen Hensel, who died at Lindsey, Ohio, in 1874, leaving two children, Irvin T. and Myrtella. Mr. Fangboner married (second) Miss Emma Faller, of Fremont, Ohio, and they have one son, Raymond. The family belong mostly to the Reformed Church, Mrs. Fangboner, however, being a Lutheran in religion Their pleasant home is situated at No. 1125 West Croghan Street, Fremont.

In politics both Mr. Fangboner and his elder son are Republicans and in 1893, when he was elected auditor of Sandusky County, he found an able deputy in the latter. Mr. Fangboner has filled many civic offices, to which he has given the careful attention and faithful service their importance have demanded. He is identified with the Royal Arcanum and the National Union; also the K. of H. and G. A. R. He served on the Interstate Hay Commission; was twice Deputy Postmaster; on the School Board six years and council six years. He is officially connected with the city hospital, also with the Cleveland stock yards, of which he was one of the organizers.

CHARLES C. RITTER, a prominent farmer and respected citizen of Jackson Township, Sandusky County, Ohio, residing on a fine farm of 180 acres located about threequarters of a mile from Havens, was born August 5, 1860, in St. Joe County, Michigan, and is a son of Amos and Lydia (Richner) Ritter-

Amos and Lydia Ritter, who were born in Union County, Pennsylvania, and who died at the age of seventy-two and fifty-eight respectively, were the parents of the following children: James; Martin, who resides in Michigan; Ellen, a resident of Michigan, who married T. Eaton; Henry, also a resident of Michigan; Melinda, who married Norman Hoover, of Brackettsville, Texas; William, who married Ida Beck and lives in Michigan; Albert, and john, both residents of Michigan. |

Charles C. Ritter was reared on his father's farm in St. Joe County, Michigan, and attended the local schools until about sixteen years old. Then, after working for a time on the home place, he went to Kansas, where he farmed for about fifteen months, after which he returned to St. Joe County for one year. He then came to Sandusky County, Ohio, and worked for seven summers on his cousin's farm at Bellevue, afterwards working one summer for Samuel Hall, of Jackson Township. Subsequent to his marriage he worked for three years for his father-in-law, when he bought his present farm of 180 acres from his wife's father, W. J. Havens. Here he has since continued to reside and has made extensive improvements on the land, having a very fine country residence. He is a man of public spirit and enterprise and has served the township as road supervisor. He holds membership with the United Brethren Church, of which he is also a trustee.

Mr. Ritter was married April 30, 1885, to Emma J. Havens, a daughter of W. J. and Maria Ann (Paden) Havens, old. settlers of Sandusky County. Mr. and Mrs. Ritter have one child, Virgil, who was born July 12, 1888.

CHARLES D. KENAN, general farmer and dealer in livestock, residing on one of the best farms in Washington Township, containing seventy-four acres, was born in Jackson Township, Sandusky County, Ohio, January 15, 1858, and is a son of George W. and Elizabeth (Posey) Kenan.

George \W. Kenan was a son of Silas and Barbara Kenan, natives of Ireland and Germany, respectively, and he was born in Perry County, Ohio, July 31, 1824. When eleven years old he came to Sandusky County with his parents, lived here the rest of his life and died in Jackson Township, January 30, 1905. Tle married [Elizabeth Posey, who still survives and resides with her youngest son on the old homestead in Jackson Township. She was born in Hartley Township, Bedford County, Pennsylvania, August 20, 1832, and was a young girl eight years old when her parents came to Sandusky County. To George W. Kenan and wife were born the following children: Barbara, born in 1852, died in infancy ; Oran (now deceased), born December 7, 1853, married (first) Angeline King, (second) Mary Ilughes; Lodema, born in 1856, married Michael Mowery; Charles D.; Marshall A., born in 1860, married Carrie Smith, and engages in farming in Jackson Township; Lorena, born in 1862, married Elijah Voorhees, of the firm of B. \W. Voorhees & Company, of Bettsville, Ohio; and George F. was born July 10, 1864.

Charles D. Kenan attended the township schools until he was about fourteen years of age. Since then he has devoted the larger part of his time to agricultural pursuits and for the past twelve years he has given much attention to the livestocix industry, When the Home Banking Company was organized at Gibsonburg, he became a stockholder and for some years was president, but he subsequently sold his stock and is no longer thus interested.

On September 22, 1880, Mr. Kenan was married to Miss Mary M. Cookson, who formerly was a popular teacher in the schools of both Washington and Jackson Townships. Mr. and Mrs. Kenan have an adopted daughter, Frances Fleeta, who was born January 29, 1890. She possesses natural musical talent which is being cultivated and she plays agreeably on both the violin and piano. Mrs. Kenan is a daughter of William and Rose A. (Metzger) Cookson and she has one sister, Mahala, and three brothers - D. W., James and Joseph. Mr. and Mrs. Kenan are members of the. Methodist Episcopal Church at Gibsonburg. Mr. Kenan is identified with the Gibsonburg Lodge No. 575 F. & A. M. and is one of its officials. In politics he is a Democrat and has acceptably served on the school board.

HENRY WIDMAN, president of 'the school board of Sandusky Township and a representative citizen and successful agriculturist, resides on his valuable farm of eighty-eight acres, which he devotes to general farming, dairying and stock raising. He was born in Rice Township, Sandusky County, Ohio, September 16, 1864, and is a son of Dantel and Mary (Hafner) Widman.

Both parents of Mr. Widman were bora in Baden, Germany. They came to America in 1849 and shortly afterward settled on a wild tract of land in Rice Township, Sandusky County, building there a primitive log cabin and settling down to pioneer life. After many years of industry they found themselves in comfortable circumstances. The aged mother still lives in Rice Township, but the father died in 1890. They were members of St. Joseph's Catholic Church at Fremont. They had eight children, namely: Peter, residing in Rice Township; Joseph; pastor of St. Mary's Catholic Church; at Sandusky, Ohio; George, living in Sandusky Township; Henry; Frank X., farming in Rice Township on the old homestead; Charles A., living in Sandusky Township; Mary A., living at Sandusky ; and Aloysis, residing in Rice Township.

tained in the public schools and his religious training was carefully attended to by his parents. He married Miss Susan Sneider, who was born in I'remont, a daughter of John G. Sneider, and to this union have been born ten children, all but one of whom, (John) survive, as follows: Mary Gertrude, Josephine Petronilla, Carl Alois, Elizabeth Mary, Urban Francis, Sylvan Seraphine Edmond, Loretta Philamine, Clemence Henry Joseph and Lucy Anna, a large, happy, united and intelligent family. Mr. Widman has given them every advantage in his power to become useful members of society. He has always been interested in the public school system and after being elected «a member of the school board was made its president and is performing the duties of the office in a most creditable manner. In politics he is a Democrat. With his family he belongs to St. Joseph's Catholic Church at Fremont.

CAPT. MATTHEW T. LUTZ, an honored veteran of the Civil War and a representative citizen of Ballville Township, Sandusky County, Ohio, resides on his small farm of five acres, but still retains 160 acres of the old homestead in Seneca County. He was born April 19, 1836, in Lycoming County, Pennsylvania, and is a son of George W. and Mary Ann (Marsh) Lutz.

Both parents of Mr. Lutz died in Seneca County when aged about seventy-seven years. They had fourteen children and six of their sons were soldiers in the Civil War. The family record is as follows: William J., who lives in Fulton County, Ohio; Josiah S., who lives in Michigan, served in the Civil War; Matthew T.; Adelia, who died in 1864, was the wife of George Sowder; Mary A., deceased, who was the wife of Thomas Wickert; Francis M., deceased, who was a lieutenant in the 195th Ohio Vol. Inf. during the Civil War; Charles B., deceased, who served in the Civil War; Scott McDonald, who was killed at the Battle of Stone River; Ann Rebecca, who married - Henry Nichols; Christina, who married James Wickert; Amanda, who married Henry Myers; John M., who served in the Civil War; George W. and Charles B., deceased.

Captain Lutz lived in Lycoming County, Pennsylvania, until he was about eleven years of age and then accompanied his parents to Seneca County, Ohio. In 1847 they settled in Pleasant Township and there passed the remainder of their days. Captain Lutz resided in Seneca County until 1887, with the exception of the time he spent in the army and two years of farming in Kansas. On August 16, 1861, he enlisted in the service of his country, entering Company B, 49th Ohio Vol. Inf., at Camp Noble, Tiffin, Ohio, contracting for three years and honorably serving out this period. Notwithstanding he had by no means escaped all the dreadful dangers of war, he realized that rebellion had not yet been crushed and accordingly re-enlisted February 28, 1864, in the same company as before. He served as duty sergeant and orderly sergeant until March 1o, 1864, when he was commissioned lieutenant. On January 15, 1865, he was commissioned captain, at Huntsville, Alabama. He was honorably discharged at Victoria, Texas, November 30, 1865. Captain Lutz took part in the Battle of Shiloh, April 7, 1862, and fought at Stone River, December 31, 1862, and January 1, 2, 3, 1863, where he was wounded and was obliged to remain in the regiment hospital for atime. He participated again at Liberty Gap, June 24, 25; at Missionary Ridge, November 25, 27, 1863; at Rocky Ford Ridge, May 9, 10, 1864; Resaca, May 9. 10, 1864: Kenesaw Mountain, June 20, 21; Siege of Atlanta, from July 22 to August 25, 1864; Jonesboro, September, 1864; Columbia, Tennessee, November, 1864; Franklin, in November, 1864; and Nashville, Tennessee, December 15, _ 16, 1864. Captain Lutz started out as a member of Company B and returned with Company F, having had charge of the latter for some months. There were 176 men originally mustered into Company F and at the close of the war, only thirty-one answered the roll call. Captain Lutz was so seriously injured by a bursting shell during the Atlanta campaign, that complete recovery was impossible. While on the battle field at one time he suffered a sunstroke and for two long days he lay unattended. He survived these injuries, however, and still lives to tell another generation of the heroic deeds and noble sacrifices

On April 2, 1868, Captain Lutz was married at Fremont, by Reverend Hill, to an old schoolmate, Miss Matilda Flumerfelt, a daughter of Daniel V. and Malinda (Littler) Flumerfelt. To this marriage were born two children: Inez, born December 18, 1868, who died July 16, 1869, and Ray, born January 6, 1873, who married Daisy Ernst and is engaged in farming in Ballville Township.

Captain Lutz has always been an active and useful citizen and while he lived in Seneca County he frequently served in local offices, as he has done in Ballville Township, and for two years was president of the School Board.

CHARLES SCHNEIDER, one of Washington Township's sterling citizens and successful farmers, resides on a farm of eighty acres, twenty of which he owns, twenty of which belong to Mrs. Emeline Burkett, while the other forty are owned jointly by Mr. Schneider and Mrs. Burkett, and on this latter tract are located four oil wells belonging to Mrs. Burkett and three belonging to Mr. Schneider. He was born in Washington Township, Sandusky County, Ohio, November 3, 1856, and is a son of Christian and Sophia (Strock) Schneider. The paternal grandparents of Mr. Schneider were Henry and Mary (Lehr) Schneider, whose lives were spent in Germany. Of their eight children, only two came to America, Christian and William, the latter of whom died in California, in 1908.

Christian Schneider was born in Germany, October 9, 1834, and came to the United States in 1852. He was a blacksmith by trade and this occupation he engaged in in different parts of Sandusky County and during one year in Indiana. He then purchased land and was interested in farming for some years, but has practically retired from all active work and lives in his comfortable home in the village of Hessville. He married Sophia Strock and they had the following children: Charles; Louisa, who married Leonard Schwartz, resides in Washington Township; Elizabeth, who lives in Sandusky County, married (first) Christian Mool and (second) Jacob Reed; Louis, who married Adella Whitney, lives in Washington Township; Christian, who married Catherine Schmaltz; Philip, who married Altie Bowmer; Sophia, who has been twice married, first to George Mowery and after his death, to Benjamin Graham; and Ida and William, both deceased.

Charles Schneider attended the district schools in Washington Township and has been engaged in farming and stockraising all his mature life, helping his father until he was twenty-one years old and after that he rented his grandfather Philip Strock's farm and also operated threshing machine in that vicinity for two years. He next rented a farm from his father and a few years later became interested in his present property as detailed above. In addition to his agricultural operations he does all his own pumping and his own and Mrs. . Burkett's land produce seventy barrels of oil a month. He also does pumping on four other leased tracts, two owned by M. G. Norton, one by W. Hoves and one by W. L. Thomas. The first pumping Mr. Schneider did was thirteen years ago for John Clemans and then for William Heiter.

.In 1882, Mr. Schneider was married to Miss Stevana Burkett, the only' child of Stephen and Emeline (Wilson) Burkett... Mr. and Mrs. Schneider have four children, namely Bertha, born in 1887; Arthur Emery, born in 1890; Perry Ray, born in 1892; and Helen, born in 1898. Mr. Schneider was reared in the Lutheran Church, but the other members of the family belong to the Methodist Episcopal Church. In politics he is a Democrat and he has frequently been called upon to serve in township offices and although he is a very busy man, was one of the best road superintendents the township ever, had, for two years, and a school director for about the same time.

JAMES D. HENSEL, who fills the honorable position of treasurer of the Sandusky County Pioneer and Historical Association, was born on the farm on which he resides, in Section 19, Sandusky Township, Sandusky County, Ohio, February 19, 1849. He is a

Adam Hensel was born in Pennsylvania and accompanied his parents, who, in 1830 - over seventy-nine years ago - -settled in Section 19, Sandusky Township, building their log cabin in close proximity to an Indian village of thirty-three tents. These early settlers were Daniel and Christian Hensel, natives of Germany, who brought with them their sturdy strength and thrifty habits and became typical pioneers. Adam Hensel at that time was eight years old and from both parents he inherited the hardy constitution that prolonged his life. His death occurred in the fall of 1887. He was a man of consequence in his locality, served as township trustee and was well and favorably known all through this section of the county. He married: Mary J. Benner, also a native of Pennsylvania, and of their children, four yet survive: James D.; Mrs. A. J. Walters, of Adrian, Michigan; Mrs. Harriet S. Stierwalt, of Chicago, Illinois; and Emma C., who 1s the wife of W. S. Diggs, an attorney, who is manager of the American Surety Company, of Cincinnati. Ella M. and Sarah E. are deceased. The latter, for a number of years was manager of the American Surety Company of Chicago, being an admirable business woman.

James D. Hensel has been almost a lifelong agriculturist, from youth taking a natural interest in farming and a practical part in the tilling of his land. Huis present farm of seventy-seven acres is well developed and is valuable both as to its soil and its improvements.

Mr. Hensel married Miss Margaret S. Wolfe, born in Sandusky Township, Sandusky County, Ohio, in 1850, a daughter of Michael Wolfe, who was one of the early settlers. In the thirties he came from Pennsylvania to Sandusky County and located in. Muscalonge Creek in Sandusky Township, and lived in this township until the time of his death in 1872, passing the latter years in retirement. His surviving children are: Josiah, of Lindsey, Ohio: Solomon, of Tiffin, Ohio; Catherine, wife of W. JL. Baker, of Fremont; Ella J.. widow of A. D. Hook, of Fremont; and Mrs. Hensel, who is the only one living in Sandusky Township.

Andrew J. Wolfe, a brother now deceased, was the predecessor of Mr. Hensel as treasurer of the Sandusky County Pioneer and Historical Association, filling the office many years. He was engaged ina grain business at Fremont at the time of his death. In politics the Wolfe family identified itself with the Democratic party and in religion with the Protestant M. FE. Church.

Mr. and Mrs. Hensel have had five children, the two now living being Nora O., wife of Richard C. Willer, of Sandusky Township, and Mabel M., living at home. Mr. Hensel is a Democrat in his political views and for eight years he has served as a trustee of Sandusky Township and during a part of this time has been president of the board. He is an Odd Fellow and belongs to the lodge of the order at I.indsey. He is a member of the German Reformed Church of Sandusky Township.

WILLIAM PEARSON, a soldier of the Civil War and a well known agriculturist of Riley Township, Sandusky County, of which he has been a resident for over a half century, was born near Niagara Falls, New York. January 22, 1833, and is a son of Joseph and Nancy (Shanke) Pearson.

The father of Mr. Pearson was born in Fngland and the mother in Ireland. In 1845 they came to Riley Township, Sandusky County, Ohio, and settled in what was then a very wild region, one where game was plentiful and wandering Indians were visitors. Their lives were spent on the land they then secured. Of their children four vet survive, William, George, Joseph, and Nancy. the last named of whom is the wife of William Wright, of Clyde, Ohio.

William Pearson grew to manhood on the home farm, giving his father all needed assistance and as opportunity offered, attended the district schools. In May, 1864. he enlisted for service in the Civil War, entering Company T, 139th O. V. T., and was stationed at Point Lookout, on Chesapeake Bay. until he was honorably discharged, when he returned to Riley Township, where he has continued agricultural pursuits until the present. He owns sixty-three acres of excellent land.

Mr. Pearson married Miss Elizabeth L. Nye, who was born in Germany and died in Riley Township, October 25, 1903. They had a family of five children born to them, the three survivors being: Jane, who is the wife of Charles Lindsay, of Riley Township; Clara, who is the wife of George Beebe, of Riley Township; and Henry, who is a resident of Fremont. In politics Mr. Pearson is a Republican.

WILLIAM EDWARD LEHMANN, general farmer and oil producer and the owner of 130 acres of valuable land in Scott Township, Sandusky County, Ohio, was born in this township, September 18, 1870, and has spent his life here.

Mr. Lehmann attended the public schools in Scott Township, particularly the Trinity school, and then worked for farmers in, the township for about six months, after which he returned to the home farm, which he operated on shares up to the opening of the oil fields in this section. He then engaged in teaming for six months, making considerable money during this time, a part of which he invested in a lot at Fremont, which he still owns. He then returned to the home farm, where he continued until after his marriage, when he came to his present farm, which contains fifty-five acres and is situated in Section 27. Mr. Lehmann owns also sixty acres of the homestead farm, situated in Sections 27 and 28 and fifteen additional acres in the same sections. He is a practical and progressive farmer and the improvements on his land show the interest which he takes in his property. He has it all well drained and the best fences in all this section of the county. The timber on his land is sound and valuable and from five acres he sold 37 elm trees for $500, and still has twelve acres standing. and substantial and enough are provided for the housing of cattle, stock and poultry, and for the protection of his garnered crops, while his residence is as comfortable and attractive as any in Scott Township. He owns also a one-half interest in an eighty-acre lease, known as the Tittle & Lehmann lease, on which there have two children: Ethel V. and Wilford T. Mr. Lehmann is a member of St. Mary's Catholic Church at Millersville. In politics he is a Democrat, but he has led too busy a life to ever consent to hold office.

HON. JAMES G. HUNT was born in York Township, Sandusky County, Ohio, March 14, 1859, and is a son of James and Margaret (Welsh) Hunt. His father was a farmer and railroad man by occupation. He attended the public schools at Clyde, and graduated from the Clyde High School in June, 1880. He entered upon the study of law in the office of the late Judge John M. Lemmon of Clyde, and was admitted to the bar at Columbus, Ohio, in June, 1884. While reading law at Clyde he engaged in railroad and other contract work, from which source he procured money enough to pay the expense of completing his studies. During this time he was twice elected clerk of Green Creek Township, on the Democratic ticket, the township then having a normal Republican majority of over two hundred and fifty. ;

Mr. Hunt came to Fremont in 1886 and entered upon the practice of law, being associated with the late Judge John M. Lemmon and Mr. George Kinney. He is now one of the leading lawyers of Sandusky County, and a member of the well known firm of Wilson, Hunt & Garn. He was elected on the Democratic ticket to the State legislature in 1887, and reelected in 1889, and served in that body as a member of the House in both the 68th and 69th General Assemblies. He served on some of the most important committees of the 69th General Assembly, which was Democratic, and presented in that assembly the name of the late Honorable Calvin S. Brice for election ta the United States Senate. In 1893 Mr. Hunt was elected city solicitor of the city of Fremont. and served in that office two terms, being reelected in 1895. He is vice-president of the Fremont Home Telephone Company, and a director in several other business enterprises in his home city of Fremont. Fraternally he is a member of the Order of Elks and the Knights of Columbus. He is also a member of Si. Ann's Catholic Church, Fremont, Ohio.

On June 21, 1887, Mr. Hunt was married to Miss Sara Litz, a daughter of Andrew and Flizabeth (Haaser) Litz. They have two children - A. L. Hunt and J. G. Hunt, Jr.

HOMER METZGAR, who has attained prominence as a lawyer and educator, is engaged in practice at Clyde, Ohio, and maintains offices in the Craig Building. He was born on a farm in Seneca County, Ohio, in May, 1867, and is the oldest of seven children born to H. V. and Elizabeth (Petticord) Metzgar. '

Mr. Metzgar spent his boyhood days on farms in Seneca and Fulton Counties. After completing a common school course, he attended high school at Delta, Ohio, and Heidelberg College at Tiffin, from which he graduated in 1890. He then spent two years in Missouri, filling the chair of mathematics in Ozark College, of which institution he was made president in 1892. After a short incumbency of that position, he resigned and _ returned to Seneca County, Ohio, where he served as superintendent of schools at Attica during the school year of 1892-1893. then superintendent of schools at Clyde from 1893 until 1895, and in the meantime pursued the study of law in the office of Finch & Dewey. He was admitted to the bar of Sandusky County in 1896, and immediately thereafter became junior member of the firm of Finch, Dewey & Metzgar. After two years he withdrew from that firm and formed a partnership with Mr. J. C. Craig under the firm name of Metzgar & Craig. This association of legal talent continued for a period of eight years, since which time the subject of this record has practiced alone and with a high degree of success. He is a Republican and has taken a deep interest in political affairs. He was a member of the board of elections, and in 1908 was a delegate to the National Republican Convention at Chicago. He is now solicitor of the village of Clyde, an office he has held for the past ten years. He is secretary and a director of the New Ottawa Telephone Company and of the Eastwood Telephone Company, both of which he represents in a legal capacity. He has a cherry orchard of 800 trees in Clyde, in partnership with Mr. Clarence Franks, who looks after the business.

In November, 1890, Mr. Metzgar was joined in marriage with Miss Eleanor Hoeltzel, and they have a comfortable residence in Clyde. Fraternally, he is a member of the Masonic Order and the Knights of Pythias at Clyde.

ST. ANN'S CATHOLIC CHURCH represents the oldest religious organization at Fremont, and its history, identified as it is with the stirring events of the early settlement of this section of Ohio, is replete with interest. It may be said to have had its origin on a stormy day in March, 1823, when an earnest priest came all the tortuous distance from Detroit to say mass to a little gathering of faithful French Catholics, in their rude little log cabin in the frontier village of Lower Sandusky.

The history of Fremont, formerly called Lower Sandusky, tells direful tales of the constant warring, in its earliest days, between the different Indian tribes that inhabited both sides of the Sandusky River, and of their partial subjugation in 1794, by Gen. Anthony Wayne. It was at Lower Sandusky that the once powerful Wyandots held their grand councils and formed their determination to enter upon a war of extermination of the white invader. As far along in the century as 1813, it was a hazardous proceeding for a white man to venture into Lower Sandusky, and no definite suppression of Indian atrocities came about until the memorable action of Colonel Croghan, in August of that year. History gives many details of British oppression at that time, the foreign troops finding allies in the discontentel savages, and the heroic defense of Fort Stephenson by Colonel Croghan with his little band of 160 soldiers, resulting in the establishment of safe conditions in this region, makes a memorable page of American history.

The natural beauty of Sandusky County, with its noble river and its teeming forests and advantages for hunters and trappers, appealed to adventurers from every section, brave men who were willing to dare much in order to find a livelihood and found homes for their loved ones. Hence, by 1816 Lower Sandusky's population numbered 200 white settlers. Three 'brothers, Joseph, Anthony and Peter Momenay, French Catholics, had come to this representations that John B. Beaugrand, then a prosperous merchant in the Michigan town, cast in his lot with the people of Lower Sandusky. In 1822 he made his first visit, and in the following year he returned to locate, bringing with him his wife and seven children, all faithful Catholics.

Mr. Beaugrand found all things as he had anticipated in the new home, with the exception of religious privileges, and as quickly as possible he went about securing these. He invited his late pastor, Rev. Gabriel Richard of St. Ann's Church, Detroit, to pay him a visit and bless his home, his house being a two-story building, located a short distance east of the present Wheeling & Lake Erie Railway station. In the latter part of March, 1823, Father Richard came as requested; and in the Beaugrand home said the first mass ever celebrated in the village of Lower Sandusky. His stay was for only a few days, during which he also visited the French families at La Prairie, eight miles from Lower Sandusky. After Father Richard's departure no priest visited the village for some years, but between 1826 and 1831, Bishop Fenwick, on his way to Michigan, stopped over at Lower Sandusky two or three times and looked after the spiritual wants of his neglected little flock.

On one of these visits he was accompanied and assisted by the Rev. S. T. Badin. In 1831 Lower Sandusky. was also visited a few times by Rev. Edmund Quinn, pastor of St. Mary's, at Tiffin, Ohio. After another lapse of time, the Redemptorist Father, F. X. Tschenhens, attended Lower Sandusky from Peru, as a station, from 1834 to 1837. During 1835-6 Rev. E. Theinpont, from Tiffin, also visited Lower Sandusky occasionally.

In July, 1834, Bishop Purcell, accompanied by the Revs. J. M. Henni, of Canton, and F. X. Tschenhens, of Peru, paid his first episcopal visit to Lower Sandusky; and his second, in through Northern Ohio. The Rev. Joseph McNamee, of St. Mary's, Tiffin, paid a few pastoral visits to Lower Sandusky, between September and November, 1839, when the Rev. P. J. Machebeuf, stationed at Tiffin from - November, 1839, to December, 1840, was commissioned by Bishop Purcell to look after many missions and stations in Northwestern Ohio. Lower Sandusky was included among these; he attended it about one month, at first from Tiffin, beginning in November, 1839, and after that (January, 1841-5), from Sandusky.

Mass was celebrated in Mr. Beaugrand's house by all the visiting bishops and priests until 1838, and during the following year in By this time the Catholic population of the town and vicinity had grown too large to be accommodated in private houses, and Pease's Hall was then rented and was used as a place of worship until 1843, when the turner shop of John Christian was rented and fitted up. Father Machebeuf in the meanwhile raised a subscription for a church edifice and in this received liberal assistance from Mr. Beaugrand's two sons-inlaw, L. Q. Rawson and A. Dickinson, although they were not of the Catholic faith. A site was purchased for $200, on State Street, from L. Brush, who gave the deed December 13, 1841, and the church was commenced in the fal! of 1843. It was a plain, frame structure, 30 by 40 feet, and cost about $2,500. Although at the time the interior was not completed, mass was said in the church in May, 1844. At that time the mission comprised about thirty families, the larger number living on farms in the neighborhood, and few of them being possessed of large means, but their liberality attested their zeal. From 1845 until January, 1846, Rev. P. Peudeprat, assistant to Father Machebeuf, had charge of a number of his missions, and among these was Lower Sandusky, which he attended monthly. Father Peudeprat was succeeded in February, 1846, by Rev. Amadeus Rappe, formerly of Toledo, and he at once had the interior of the church finished and it was dedicated by Bishop Purcell, to St. Ann, on June 8, 1846.

_ Father Rappe had as his assistant in his vast field of missionary work, extending over Northwestern Ohio, Rev. Louis De Goesbriand, who visited Lower Sandusky from the latter part of 1846 to 1848, when he was transferred to Cleveland. Rev. Morris Howard, of Tiffin, was then in charge for a few months, when Rev. William L. Nightingale was appointed first resident pastor of St. Ann's Church, at Lower Sandusky, this being about the time the name was changed to Fremont. During his pastorate, which lasted until the early part of 1850, a frame house, located at the corner of Croghan and Wood Streets, was bought for his 1esidence. About 1849 the grade of State Street was considerably lowered, in consequence of which it was difficult to reach the church, which had been built on an eminence; consequently it became necessary to lower the lot on which the church stood. :

In 1850 Rev. A. Carabin succeeded Father Nightingale, and remained in charge until July, 1852, when, stricken with paralysis, he was obliged to give up all pastoral work. His successor was Rev. Thomas Walsh, who remained until June, 1856, Rev. John Roos taking. his place in July. 'members of St. Ann's asked Bishop Rappe's permission to organize a separate parish and, as he did not deem it expedient-to comply, ill feeling arose, and in April, 1857, there was open opposition to the Bishop. This led to his leaving the parish without a pastor.

In the meanwhile the Germans organized, collected funds and built a brick church, costing $7,000, making the new property far more valuable than the old. After about six months, when Bishop Rappe found the seceders from St. Ann's still determined to have a German parish, to be known as St. Joseph's, he finally yielded and sanctioned their organization in December, 1857, by appointing a pastor for them in the person of Rev. Louis Molon, who at the same time was charged with St. Ann's asamission. In July, 1859, Rev. George Peter was appointed assistant. In March, 1861, Father Molon severed his connection with St. Joseph's. Bishop Rappe then assigned him to the pastorate of St. Ann's and he served until July, when Rev. Michael O' Neill was appointed his successor and remained in charge until May, 1865. During his pastorate St. Ann's was enlarged by an addition of thirty feet, making its dimensions 35 by 70 feet. In August, 1864, he bought a tract of land for a cemetery, covering about fifteen acres, St. Joseph's parish taking the north half of it and both parishes dividing the expense of $1,400. In May, 1872, Father Carroll bought three lots fronting on State Street, at the intersection of Rawson Avenue, for the purpose of there eventually erecting a new church. He was succeeded by Father O'Callaghan, who remained until August, 1877, and during his pastorate the first school building was erected at a cost of nearly $3,000. Rev. J. V. Conlan succeeded, and during his pastorate many needed improvements were pushed to completion. In April, 1883, Rev. J. D. Bowles took charge, and in November of that year he bought three lots adjoining those purchased by Father Carroll, on the west, and a very comfortable frame house on one of these was so changed and temodeled that it became suitable for a parochial residence for the Sisters of St. Joseph, who have had charge of the school since that time.

and soon made it evident that he expected to bring about many changes, all for the better. He appointed a building committee to consider the erection of a new church and the plans of priest and committee were approved by Bishop Gilmour, and the foundation of the present imposing structure, of Gothic architecture. was begun in the fall of 1888, and the good Bishop was able to lay the corner-stone on June 9, 1889. This church, with its fine finishing of antique oak, its beautiful frescoes and stained-glass windows, is one of the fine buildings of Fremont. It was dedicated on Sunday, July 26, 1891, by the Rt. Rev. Mer. Boff, at that time administrator of the diocese, the priest in charge at that time being Rey. A. E. Manning, who succeeded Father McCarthy in March, 1890. In April, 1893, the old church, so long a landmark, was torn down, mass having been celebrated in the

Father Manning was succeeded by Rev. Patrick O'Brien, Rev. C. V. Chevraux taking charge in 1897, and Rev. J. McClosky in 1goo. In 1906, Rev. Edward M. O'Hare took charge of St. Ann's and a sketch of this well beloved and efficient priest may be found on a neighboring page of this volume. He has still further extended the work begun by his predecessors, and in the past three years has impressed himself vitally on the parish. His work is heavy, St. Ann's having grown into one of the important churches of the diocese, the growth, even under many disturbing circumstances, having been sure, if slow. There are now in the parish 200 families, some 600 souls, and the flourishing school has an enrollment of 125 pupils. This school is one of excellence, having the grammar grades and a two-year commercial course.

In recalling the present prosperity of old St. Ann's it were well to place on record, in this connection, the names of those whose early efforts and zeal contributed as humble instruments in bringing St. Ann's into existence. They are: John P. Beaugrand, Peter Beaugrand, Jacob Gabel, Joseph Andrews, Dennis Lane, Michael Gleason, Joseph Hunsinger, Joseph Baumgartner, George Rimmelspacher, John Kenney, Dennis Doran, Balt Kiefer, John Powers, Gabriel La Pointe; Joseph, Anthony, and Peter Momenay, Patrick Hayes, and Caspar Hodes.

JOSEPH L. RAWSON, for many former years one of Fremont's best known and most highly esteemed citizens, was born in this city in 1835. His parents were Dr. L. Q. and Sophia (Beaugrand) Rawson, and his grandparents were Lemuel and Sarah (Barrus) Rawson.

The death of Joseph IL. Rawson removed from Fremont a representative member of an old and particularly prominent family of Ohio. The Rawson Family coat of arms gives proof that the name is ancient and one of distinction. The arms were granted as a reward to a young military officer for his skill and daring, and hear the motto: "The deed of bravery is its own praise." The first of the names to appear in colonial annals was that of Edward Rawson, who lived at Newberry, Massachusetts, in 1637. The first of the family to establish a home in Ohio, was Lemuel Rawson, who settled in Bath County, in 1836. He was born in 1767, in Massachusetts, and was a tanner and farmer, occupations. frequently combined in those days. In 1844, following the death of his wife, he settled at Lower Sandusky, where he passed the remainder of his life. He was the father of a rather remarkable family of children, a number of them reaching extreme old age, and four becoming physicians.

Dr. L. Q. Rawson, father of the late Joseph L. Rawson, was born September 14, 1804, at Irving, in Franklin County, Massachusetts. His studies were directed toward the science of medicine and in 1824 he attended medical lectures at Cincinnati, Ohio, in the following year beginning practice in Wyandot County. In 1826 he made a visit to Lower Sandusky, where he received the favorable impressions that induced him to settle in Sandusky County after he had completed his medical course in the University of Pennsylvania. He continued in the active practice of medicine until 1855, after which he devoted the larger measure. of his remaining years to business enterprises with which he had become connected.* For some years he served as president of the Lake Erie & Western Railroad. He served with honor in numerous public offices in Sandusky County and was so representative a citizen that his name is perpetuated in Rawson Avenue, one of Fremont's most beautiful boulevards, and in the flourishing town of Rawson, Ohio. In 1829 he married Miss Sophia Beaugrand, who was born October 20, 1810, and died in May, 1882, being survived by her husband until 1888. She was a daughter of John B. and Margaret (Chabert) Beaugrand, of French extraction. To this marriage were born seven children, namely: Milton E., Xavier J., Joseph L., Josephine, Roxine H., Eugene A., and Estelle S. Of the above family, Milton E. became a distinguished physician. Eugene A., whose memory is commemorated by Rawson Post, Grand Army of the Republic, at Fremont, was born March 14, 1840, and died July

22, 1864, from the effects of a wound received while a soldier in the service of his country, near Guntown, Mississippi. He entered the army in 1861 and participated in many of the most decisive battles of the war, including Bull Run, Shiloh, Corinth and Vicksburg.

Joseph L. Rawson received an excellent education and chose civil engineering as his profession. For some years he was engaged in that line, but later turned his attention to the grain business and operated an elevator for a number of years at Fremont. Through life he maintained high standing as a citizen and his attributes were those calculated to win public esteern and personal affection.

Mr. Rawson was married in September, 1859, to Miss Margaret A. Gelpin, who died October 1, 1908. Her parents, Lyman an<l Martha (Stevenson) Gelpin, were early and prominent settlers in Sandusky County. The three children born to this marriage all survive, namely: Sophia E., who married Theodore Harris; Jennie A., who is the wife of Dr. O. H. Thomas, a very prominent physician and surgeon at Fremont; and La Quinio G., a leading member of the Cleveland bar, who has been in practice since 189g1.

While Mr. Rawson was not formally connected with any religious body, he was a man of correct life and Christian impulses and he was a liberal supporter of St. Paul's Episcopal Church, with which his children are identified.

GEORGE G. MEEK, owner of 210 acres of land in Section. 20 of Riley Township, Sandusky County, Ohio, is a prosperous citizen and occupies high standing in the community. He is a native of the township, the date of his birth being May 8, 1864, and is a son of Samuel and Sarah (Farber) Meek, and a grandson of Samuel Meek, Sr. The last named was a resident of Virginia.

Samuel Meek, father of the subject of this sketch, was born in Virginia and at an early age came to Sandusky County, Ohio. He followed farming in Riley Township, where he was a property owner. He served the township as trustee some years and was a man of superior business ability. He was a Republican in politics. He was married to Sarah

Farber, who was a native of Ohio, and of their children the following survive: William C., of Barry County, Michigan; John F., of Townsend Township; Martin L., of North Dakota; Samuel R., of North Dakota; Elizabeth, who lives in Riley Township, and is the widow of H. H. Raymond; James, of Clyde, Ohio; Peter F., of Riley Township; and George G. Samuel Meek died in December, 18go, and was survived by his wife, who died August 27, 1906. He was a member of the United Brethren Church during his later years.

George G. Meek was reared on the home place and received a preliminary education in the public schools of the township, supplemented by a course in Northwestern Ohio Normal School, at Ada, Ohio. For eighteen winter terms he engaged in teaching, principally in Riley and Townsend Townships, and in the meantime pursued his occupation as a farmer. He has followed general farming and stock raising with great success and has a highly improved farm of 210 acres. He is a progressive man and takes a loyal citizen's interest in all that pertains to the welfare of the township and its institutions. Politically, he is a Republican.

On April 8, 1895, Mr. Meek was married to Miss Carrie A. Hair, of Ionia County, Michigan, who had lived with her aunt Sarah Pocock in Riley Township since 1883, and they became parents of five children, of whom two are living, namely: Carrie S. and George L. Religiously,they are members of the United Brethren Church at Riley Center. Fraternally, Mr. Meek is a member of the Modern Woodmen of America at Vickery. Mrs. Meek is a member of the Lady Maccabees of Erlin, also of the Royal Neighbors of Vickery, Ohio.

A. D. FAUSEY, whose well improved farm of forty acres is situated in Madison Township, was born in Madison Township, Sandusky County, Ohio, July 25, 1859, and is a son of Henry and Rebecca (Donnel) Fausey, for many years well known and respected people of this section.

was a small boy when he came to Sandusky County. When he reached man's estate he was married to Rebecca Donnel, a daughter of James Donnel. and they had nine children. Henry Fausey died in April. 1888, and was survived by his widow until April g, 1903. They were most worthy members of the United Brethren Church and their remains lie in the Gibsonburg Cemetery. Henry Fausey was a man of great physical strength in his young manhood and it was said of him that he cleared more land than any early settler in this section, at that time. In politics he was a Republican and he served two terms as treasurer of Madison Township.

A. D. Fausey attended the schools of Madison Township and remained on the home farm until his marriage in 1885, when he settled on a farm of thirty acres, situated two miles south of Gibsonburg. Ajiter living on that place for fifteen years he sold out. but he continued to be interested in farming and also was employed in the oil industry. after which he bought his present farm of forty acres of Jacob Cramer. All of the present buildings were here at that time, but Mr. Fausey has done a large amount of improving and has put in about 1,000 tile for drainage. He has no standing timber, all of the land being under cultivation and producing to its full extent, under Mr. Fausey's careful methods.

On May 12, 1885, Mr. 'Fausey was married to Miss Margaret Vantine, a daughter of John and Barbara (Ickes) Vantine. They have had four children, namely: Ethel, who married Ross Hart; Wade, who lives at home; and Ray and an infant, both deceased. Mr. Fausey and wife are members of the United Brethren Church and he has been superintendent of the Sunday-school for three years. He casts his vote for candidates of the Republican party, but otherwise, takes but little interest in political matters. He is a man who is held in respect and esteem by his fellow citizens.

CYRUS L. HARNDEN, M. D., who, for over a quarter of a century has been engaged in the active practice of his profession, at Clyde, is one of the representative and valued citizens of this place. He was born January 22, 1850,

Dr. Harnden comes of English-lrish ancestry. Both parents were born in New York and after their marriage came to Ohio, settling on Wild land in Huron County. Just prior to the birth of their son, Cyrus L., they settled on a farm situated about a mile and a half south of Clyde, in Sandusky County, where they remained during the rest of their lives. They had eight children born to them, namely : Hosea, residing at Bellevue, Ohio; Kneeland, a survivor of the Civil War: Smith: Alexander, who served in the Civil War; Cyrus L:; and Mary and two infants, deceased. Jonathan Harnden and wife were respected and esteemed residents of Sandusky County and when they passed away left memories of useful, virtuous lives.

Cyrus L. Harnden went from the public schools of Clyde to Wooster University, at Wooster, Ohio, where he completed first a literary course and subsequently one in medicine, eraduating in the class of 1875. Some years later he took a post-graduate course in the Western Reserve College. Dr. THarnden has devoted his life to his profession, giving it his whole attention, taking its heavy burdens and finding happiness in relieving the ills of others. He has alw ays been a student and has kept fully abreast of the times in the advance made by medical science and is one of the leading members of the Sandusky County Medical Society. He takes care of a large practice and enjoys the confidence of his fellow citizens as to his abilities as a physician and as to his qualities as a man.

In 1887 Dr. Harnden was married to Miss Anna C. Hawk. and they have two sons, Robert Lee and Charles Justin. In his political views. Dr. Harnden is a Republican. For manv years he has been a member of the Masonic fraternity.

EDWARD L. VERMILYA, M. D.., coroner of Sandusky County, Ohio, and a representative member of the medical profession at Fremont, has been actively engaged in practice in this city since the spring of TQOT. be Vermilya was born October 9, 1874, 1n Huron

The parents of DeeVy ermilya moved from Huron to Wood County, Ohio, in his sixteenth year, and there the father engaged in agricultural pursuits. The father now lives retired and enjoys an ample income which. permits him to live in comfort. His family consisted of six children.

Edward L. Vermilva received his literary education in the schools of Huron and \Wood Counties and the Ohio Normal University, and later entered the Toledo Medical College. Where he was creditably graduated in April, 1897. In selecting his first field of practice, he chose Paulding County, Ohio, and rennined there until the spring of 1901, when he caine to Fremont. His ability was quickly recognized and in 1903. he was elected to the important office of coroner of Sandusky County, one which he filled with so much judgment, discrimination and efficiency, that he was reelected. In addition to his public duties he attends to a large and constantly increasing private practice.

Dr. Vermilya married Miss Hester Mincks, a daughter of Henry Mincks, a well known resident of Wood County, and they have two children. The family home is located at No. 810 West State Street, and Dr. equipped office is at No. 114 South Front Street, Fremont. In politics he is a stanch Democrat and fraternally he is identified with the order of Eagles.

O. H. THOMAS, M. D., whose prominence as physician and surgeon is not only recognized in the city of Fremont, but throughout all Sandusky County, has been continuously engaged in the practice of his profession in this city since 1882. He was born January 14, 1859, at Findlay, Hancock County, Ohio, and is the son of James B. and Louisa H. (Abrams) Thomas.

James B. Thomas and wife were both natives of Virginia. The former was born in 1804 and when fourteen years of age came to Gallia County, Ohio, where he remained until after his marriage, when he moved to a farm he had acquired in Hancock County. There he died, December 5. 1877; his wife having died at Findlay, in 1863. They had the following children born to them: Mrs. Nannie Skelley, Mrs. Caroline Ramsey, Mrs. Martha Glaunner, Jennie, Mrs. Hattie Thomas, John A., James N., Percy C., Alexander P. and O. H. Of the above. Martha. Jennie and James N. are deceased.

Dr. O. H. Thomas secured his education in the Findlay public schools, the Normal Schoo! at Ada, and the University at Delaware, Ohio. He then returned to the home farm, assisting his father during four summers while he taught school during the winters. In 1875 he gave his entire- attention to the ninen reading which he had begun several .vears before, and in 1876 entered the Ohio Medical College at Cincinnati. On March 1, 1882, he was graduated from this institution, the most brilliant member of his class, taking first honors and winning a valuable and coveted prize. His chosen field of work has been Fremont, where his ability has been given abundant recognition. Dr. Thomas has sincerely devoted his life to his profession and has never ceased to be a student. He has kept thoroughly abreast of the times in his practice. no one more intelligently appreciating the results which modern scientific investigation has accomplished in the field of medicine. He is a member of the Sandusky County Medical Society, the Northwestern Ohio Medical Society. the Ohio Medical Society and the American Medical Society.

Dr. Thomas was married June 6, 1888, to Miss Jennie A. Rawson, who is a daughter of the late Joseph L. Rawson, of Fremont. They enjoy a beautiful home at No. 1022 Bircharil Avenue and Dr. Thomas maintains his oflice at No. 116 South Front Street.

W. H. PRICE, proprietor of the Village Farm Creamery, just on the edge of W oodville, Sandusky County, was born in Perrysburg, Ohio, in 1868, and is a son of William W. and Louise B. (Ladd) Price.

The father of Mr. Price was formerly a farmer and for a number of years a merchant at Woodville, where his father, George H. Price, was a pioneer merchant. When the latter died his two sons, William W. and George FE. continued the business until the death of George FE., when William W. continued the business for a number of years, later retiring to the farm. He married loutse B. Ladd and they had three children, namely: W. H.; Nellie P., who is the wife of James Sivaels, of Bartlesville, I. T.; and Grace E.. who married W. F. Warner, editor of the Peninsular Press, Marblehead, Ohio.

W. H. Price was educated in the schools of Perrysburg, Woodville, the Fostoria Academy and the Michigan Agricultural College, after which he spent a year in Toledo, Ohio, in the hardware business. He then returned to Woodville and became interested in developing oil on the village farm and then engaged to a considerable degree in raising thorough-bred Jersey cattle. In this way he was led into the creamery business, one that he has developed into a very important industry of this section. He makes a specialty of bottled cream for table use and ships to Toledo, Fostoria, Fremont and Bowling Green. He keeps a herd of more than fifty cows and has had many prize winners. Jn addition to the large volume of milk and cream produced by his own cattle, he buys largely through the neighborhood. Tis plant, of concrete block construction, is equipped with all modern conveniences and appliances and with regard to sanitation, having a score of 931%, State inspection. It was built in 1906 and has a capacity of 500 pounds of butter daily. In 1894 he built his handsome modern residence. one of the finest rural homes in the county, and in one section he maintains his business office.

Mr. Price married Miss Belle Baker, daughter of Sanford G. Baker, a pioneer and well known throughout the county, and they have two children, Sanford G. and Isabelle, both children being given good school advantages. Mr. Price is a director in the Woodville Savings Bank and is also treasurer of the Urschel-Bates Valve Bag Company. In polities he is a Republican and is a member of the Woodville Board of Health. Fraternally he is identified with the Foresters and he is a member of the United Brethren Church.

C. STAUSMYER, president of the Fremont City Council and proprietor of the C. Stausmyer drug and jewelry store, located at No. 315 West State Street, has been a resident of Fremont since 1872, and during that time has been prominently identified with the affairs of the city. He was born on a farm in Washington Township, Sandusky County, Ohio, February 10, 1847, and is a son of H. H. and Elizabeth (Buescher) Stausntyer, who were born, reared and married in the vicinity of Hanover, Germany.

H. H. Stausmyer removed with his wife from Germany to Sandusky County, Ohio, in the early forties and took up land in what is known as the Black Swamp. It was purchased from the Government for $1.25 per acre ard is now valued at $200.00 per acre. He and his wife subsequently resided on this farm until their respective deaths.

C. Stausmyer was reared on the farm and attended the district school until he was fifteen years old. He then went to Toledo, Ohio, and for one year was office boy for Dr. S. S. Lungran, a prominent homeopathic physician. He then went to Elmore and for five vears worked in the drug store of Dr. L. B. Myers. During three years of this time he travelled selling a medical specialty, in the spring and fall months, and _ visiting nearly every city of importance in the United States and Canada, exclusive of the State of California.

In 1872 he moved to Fremont and established himself here in the drug business, with what success is known to the people of Sandusky County generally. In 1878, while still unmarried, he made an extended trip through Germany. France and England, and attended the Paris Exposition. He is a Democrat in politics and when he first entered the city council some twenty-five or thirty years ago he was the youngest member of that body. Re-entering the council in recent years, he is now serving his second consecutive term and has been president of the body for four years.

Mr. Stausmyer was united in marriage October 4, 1882, with Miss Laura E. Myers, a daughter of his former employer, Dr. L. B.° Myers of Elmore. Fraternally he is a member

In the spring of 1909, accompanied by Maj. I. H. Burgoon, he spent a day at the schoolhouse which stands on the site of the old school attended by him in his youth, and of which Maj. Burgoon was teacher at the time. Both teacher and pupil left that school and won their way in the world, meeting with more than average success. It was just fifty years from the day which he had left the school and he used the opportunity to make an interesting address to the pupils, in which he reviewed the career of Major Burgoon as an encouraging example to those of his hearers about to begin the hattle of life.

HENRY W. MILLER, an esteemed citizen of Clyde, who is a veteran of the great Civil War, is a descendant of one of the first settlers of Sandusky County. He was born on the present site of Clyde, Sandusky County. Ohio, June 2, 1838, and is a son of Lyman F. and Melissa It. (Harkness) Miller.

His paternal grandfather, also named Lyman F. Miller, resided at Geneva, New York, where he died. He had married Miss Lucy Brown, whose mother was in maidenhood, Hannah Richmond. The latter married for her second husband, Asa Simith, September 22, 1795, and they lived at Waterloo, New York, for several years, where were born to them the following children; William B., Frederick F., Sally, Nancy, Clarissa, and Susan. In 1810 the family moved to Ohio and settled on a farm near Huron, where another child - Hiram R. - was born january 7, 1813. Mrs. Hannah (Richmond) Brown Smith, mother of the above mentioned children, was born in Dighton, Massachusetts, March 21, 1774, and died at Sandusky City, Ohio, \ugust 30, 1842. Her second husband, Asa Smith, was born in Massachusetts in 1760 and died near Huron, Ohio, August 30, 1815.

The first frame dwelling house in Sandusky City was built by Witham Smith about the year 1817, at which time there were but half a dozen families in the place, which wis then called Ogontz.

Con Ty

The death of Lyman F. Miller, grandfather of the subject of this sketch, at Geneva, New York, has been already mentioned. His wife, Mrs. Lucy Brown Miller, who had lived with her mother and stepfather, Asa Smith, until her marriage to Lyman F, Miller, after her husband's death moved to Huron, Ohio, to which place her mother and stepfather had moved in 1810. Here she was again married, to Samuel Poge, who had served in the army under General Harrison. They suffered from the depredations of the Indians, having their house and all its contents destroyed by fire. Then, in 1816, they moved to Clyde.

The Poge. Fenn, and Dewey families were the first three families to settle in Green Creek Township, they coming to Clyde in March, 1816. Mr. Poge had previously camped here while conveying supplies from Huron to Fort Seneca. while serving in the quartermaster's department under General Harrison. He was accompanied here later, as above stated in part, by Amos Fenn and Silas Dewey. Mr. Fenn married Nancy Smith, a half sister of Mrs. Poge, at Marblehead, Ohio, where the Smith family resided at the time. Silas Dewey married Sally Smith, also a half sister of Mrs. Poge.

To Samuel Poge and wife was born one daughter, Jane. in 1r&18, said to have been the first white child born in Green Creek Township. She was born in the pioneer log cabin that had been built by Mr. Poge, assisted by Fenn and Dewey, and which was located a little west of what is now called Spring Avenue, just south of Colonel Rhoades' residence, just north of the spring that breaks out at the foot of the hill. TTere Mr. Poge had entered eighty acres of land, all heavy timber. In this log cabin Mr. Poge died in 1827, being survived by his wife and her two children, Lyman F. Miller and Jane Poge.

Lyman I. Miller (2d), father of the subject of this sketch, was born in Geneva, New York, November 22, 1813. As we have seen, he was left fatherless in his infaney, and was but fourteen years old when his stepfather, Mr. Poge, died. With his assistance, his mother by hard work and economy managed to save their home, which consisted of eighty acres of land.

Henry W. Miller

He and his half sister Jane attended school in a log schoolhouse kept by Grandma Slocum, which stood on the spot now occupied by the McPherson Monument. A number of other families had now moved in and settled in the vicinity of Clyde, among them the Bentons, Bakers, Clevelands, Rathburns, Hamers, Mc- Millans and Russells, who came in the twenties and who all lived in log cabins. The Harkness family came in 1834. More in regard to these early settlers and others may be found in the history of the township, published elsewhere in this volume.

On his stepfather's death, above alluded to, he, and his half sister, there being no other children, came into possession of the farm, which he had helped to clear, and was equally divided between them. He possessed much native strength of mind and took up his onerous responsibilities with a stout heart and a resolution to do his best and in later years he became one of the representative men of his neighborhood. He took an active part in local politics, though declining to serve in public office. On the formation of the Republican party he identified himself with it, believing thoroughly in its principles. He was one of the early active members of the Masonic fraternity in this section and was a Universalist in his religious faith. In addition to general farming, he bred live stock and his interest in horticulture resulted in the setting out of many orchards by his neighbors throughout Sandusky County.

He made the first plot in Clyde in 1852; it consisted of the ground lying between Maple and Buckeye, Main and George Streets. He also built the Junction House near the depot, the railroad crossing being on his farm. He also built a frame building on the north side of the Lake Shore Railroad on Main Street, it being used by a Mr. Clark as a grocery store in 1854 or 1855. He plotted that part of the town between Cherry and Buckeye, Main and George, including Forest Street, which was soon covered with handsome residences ond business blocks. He also bought a farm containing 300 acres of land just north and west of town, building a fine stone house and other buildings, where he died. In these and many other ways he contributed to the development of Clyde, and when he died in 1878, his loss was universally regretted as that of a citizen that the town could ill afford to lose.

In 1836 he married Melissa E. Harkness, a member of the Harkness family previously mentioned as having moved to Clyde in 1834. She was a daughter of William G. Harkness, and a descendant in the fifth generation of William Harkness, who came to Massachusetts from Scotland in 1710. The following are: the connecting links in this genealogical chain: William Harkness (2), son of the foregoing, born in 1703, came to this country with his father, and died in 1778. He married a Miss Grey, at Telharn, Massachusetts, in 1730. William (3), his second son, lived at Auburn, New York, where his son, William G. Harkness (4) was born in 1781, the latter being the father of Melissa E., wife of Lyman F. Miller 2d. The entire family of William G. Harkness numbered seven children - William K., Harkness, Melissa, Darwin, Caroline, Dexter and Adaline. He also had two brothers - David, the father of Stephen and Daniel, and Seamon. The last three named were interested in the Standard Oil Company and assisted in making it a success. There were also five sisters - Louisa, who married Westley Anderson; Isabel, who married a Mr. Gray; Elizabeth, Mary and Annie.

To Lyman F. and Melissa (Harkness) Miller were born nine children, namely: William G., Henry W., Mary E., George N., Oscar J., Isabel E., Emma J., Fanny O., and Louisa J., whose record in brief is as follows: William G. who had taken up the law profession, had been practicing only a short time when he enlisted in October, 1861, in the Civil War, in Company A, 72nd Regt., O. Vol. Inf., in which he held the rank of corporal, and was killed in the retreat from Ripley, Mississippi, June 11, 1864. George N. met an accidental death at the age of four years by falling into a kettle of hot water. Mary became the wife of Chester Persing. Isabel married W. Bell. Mr. Bell having died some time ago she is now married to a Mr. Gregs. Emma was the wife of F. J. Metcalf. Mr. Metcalf having died some time ago she is now married to Carl

Henry W. Miller, our direct subject, the date of whose nativity' has been already recorded, spent his boyhood in attending the district schools and in assisting in the work of the farm; also, so far as he was able, he cultivated a decided talent for music. In 1862 he joined Company E, First Sandusky County Ohio State Militia, was elected orderly sergeant and shortly afterward was promoted to captain of the same company, which numbered 130 men.

In October, 1863, he enlisted in Company A, 72nd Regt., O. Vol. Inf., and after spending some time at Tod Barracks, Columbus, Ohio, joined his regiment at Germantown, Tennessee, January 5, 1864. After a series of skirmishes with the enemy, who were commanded by General Forest, they were ordered to go on the Tallahatcha campaign. On this campaign, with Colonel Eaton in command, they were actively engaged for some time, fighting more or less every day, and burning the bridges across the Tallahatcha river in face of the enemy's opposition. More or less skirmishing was done all the way to Memphis, Tennessee, whence, after a few days' stay, they were ordered out on another raid through Tennessee and Mississippi, on which march they had some lively skirmishing with the Confederates. On their return to Memphis, all who had re-enlisted were granted a furlough; the others, with the new recruits, were ordered on guard duty at the navy yard at the mouth of Wolf River.

On the return of the regiment they were ordered out on the Bolivar raid, having daily skirmishes with the enemy and driving them across Wolf River about 100 miles from Memphis. On their way back they raided the country for supplies. A few days after their return they were ordered out on the Guntown raid and drove the enemy back nearly two hundred miles through Tennessee and Mississippi, until they received reinforcements and made a stand at Brice's Cross Roads, June to, 1864. Mr. Miller's company was ordered to support Mil- Jer's battery, which they did, the enemy being driven back into the woods on the opposite side of a cleared field.

Companies A and D were ordered into the woods as skirmishers, fighting on their right being now quite desperate. In the woods they drove the Confederates back, taking some prisoners. They now found that most of their own forces had been driven to the rear of their own position and were ordered to fall back, and accordingly they retreated, running back parallel to the enemy's line. The Confederates commanded them to halt, at the same time firing at them, but without effect, no one being hit. They rejoined their command in battle line in the rear, where they remained behind an old fence.

They were now ordered to retreat and were obliged to leave about four hundred wagons and some artillery in possession of the Confederates, thus depriving them of practically all the necessaries of war. They were closely pursued by the enemy, who shot a number of the men after capturing them, especiallv the black troops, a small body of which was with the command. At Ripley, Mississippi, the Confederates made a charge on their rear, Mr. Miller's company and regiment receiving the brunt of the attack. Here, while Mr. Miller and his brother William were in the act of firing at a Contederate officer, some of their own cavalry rode through them, knocking him senseless and giving him a severe injury. When saw his brother afterwards. He finally succeeded in rejoining the Union forces, who had halted, and though suffering great pain from the injuries he received, he took part in again repulsing the Confederates.

A little later, through the hurried retreat or dispersal of the Union forces, Mr. Miller found himself one of a small handful of men who took refuge in the woods, where they found hiding another member of their company and a negro. Some Confederate skirmishers, evidently acting on a guess, shouted to them, employing many injurious epithets, to "come out of there," but they paid no attention, except the negro, who would have responded had not Mr. Miller restrained him. Here, having had no rest for two days, they fell asleep, and when they awoke it was eleven o'clock p. m., pitch dark, with a drizzling rain falling, and Con- federates all around them. The negro had been shot in the mouth, losing several teeth. Owing to his condition, the other men objected to his accompanying them in their attempt to rejoin their forces, but at Mr. Miller's earnest intercession they finally gave way, and although all were so sore and stiff that they could scarcely walk, a start was made. They tramped until three o'clock in the morning, when Mr. Miller discovered, from having noticed on which side of the trees the moss was growing, that they had been moving practically in a circle and were not very far from where they had started. While arguing this point with the leader, who was not inclined to believe it, they were startled by the summons to surrender from a band of Confederates, numbering some fifteen men. The dawn was just about breaking. Mr. Miller succeeded in getting away, but the other fugitives ran straight into the road and were captured by the enemy, who took the negro into the brush and shot him.

The enemy continued their search for Mr. Miller until about six o'clock in the evening, at times passing so close to him that he could hear their remarks. At last a squad of five rode directly up to his hiding-place and one of them, forcing his horse into the brush, the animal suddenly stopped and Mr. Miller was discovered. He was seized and searched and threatened with death, the men being very angry at his having eluded them for so long. They took all his clothing but his pants and shirt and then, after some controversy as to whether it would not be best to shoot him on the spot, they commenced a twenty-mile tramp to where they said they had the Union forces all captured, compelling him to make the journey on foot and keep up with their horses. Although scarcely able to drag one foot after another, and having had practically nothing to eat for three days, he had to tramp all night through the mud, which in some places was knee-deep, owing to heavy rains and passage over the road of both armies. He arrived at Ripley in a wretched condition and found there some of his comrades, prisoners, and not much better off than himself. The rebels had shot some of the Union soldiers after their surren- der, both white and black, and their bodies were to be seen along the road. One, however, who.had been sentenced, escaped, and through his testimony, the Confederate officer who commanded the squad guilty of these murders, having been captured, was tried by court martial and executed at Fort Pickering, near Memphis, Tennessee.

Having been stripped of everything they possessed, on the order of General Forest, they were taken to Guntown, where they received some scanty rations, most of them by this time being almost in a state of starvation. Thence they were sent to Andersonville, stopping on the way at Meriden, Mississippi, and at Selma, Alabama. At Meriden Comrade Loudwick, of Company D, was'shot by the rebel guard. At Selma they were marched through the city, exposed to the jeers and insults of the populace. At Anderson they were greeted by Captain Wirz with a speech, in which he said: "Go in there and I will show you that I can kill more Yankees here than are killed at the front." We will continue the narrative in Mr. Miller's own words:

"Our names and rank were taken, then we were put into a prison pen. Such a sight! There never was a place on this earth where so many human beings were required to make such sacrifices for their country for days and months, until endurance and human flesh could not stand it any longer and God in his metciful kindness welcomed them home, thus ending the torture of their poor bodies by such fiendish treatment, proving man's inhumanity to man. They had stripped us of all the necessaries of life, we not having even shelter from the storms, from the hot sun which at times seemed as if it would burn us up, and the cold nights which chilled us through and through, without sufficient food to nourish the body and give us strength to resist the terrible strain put on us. Men became so emaciated that there was nothing left of their poor bodies but skin and bones.