Madison Township (part 3 of 20)

FLORENCE CHANCE HUNTLEY, was born in Fremont, the daughter of the late Henry Chance, widely known as a_ temperance reformer and a zealous member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Of three brothers older than Florence, one, Non. Mahlon Chance, entered political life, and two were regular army officers, one being Capt. Josiah Chance, and the other, General Jesse C. Chance, retired, the only survivor, late of Fremont, now about to make his residence in Florida. After her course in the public schools, Chance was sent to Wesleyan University, at Delaware, Ohio, with more the hope of correcting her religious views, which were regarded by her father as heretical, than for the educational advantages of that institution, but she graduated from there, retaining her heretical views, as before. The climax of a girl of free thinking tendencies was her marriage to Stanley Huntley, wit and humorist, then editor of the "Tribune," at Bismarck, North Dakota, and afterwards famous as the author of the Spoopendyke sketches, done on the Brooklyn "Eagle." With the death of Mr. Huntley, in 1885, began his wife's independent literary life, first as a political news writer from North Dakota to the St. Paul and Minneapolis dailies, next as editor and humorous paragrapher on the Minneapolis "Tribune," which was resigned for a similar position on the Washington "Post," in 1890. This, in turn, was abandoned for independent work, which included a Congressional news bureau for the "Kansas News;" short stories for the "National Tribune" at Washington, D. C., and Capitol gossip for New York and Chicago 'papers.

Mrs. Huntley is editor of the series of publications of the Indo-American Book Co., of Chicago, and.author of the following books, among others, published by this Company: "Harmonics of Evolution: The Philosophy of

These and the other books by Mrs. Huntley, and her editorial management mentioned are the result of her researches in the realm of the occult philosophy, embraced by her some years ago, which she terms the School of Natural Science, and which researches caused her to

WivzBur G. ZEIGLER, son of Mr. and Mrs. Henry Zeigier, was born and educated in Fremont, graduating from the high school in the class of 1876. He studied law, first with Judge Henry McKinney at Cleveland, and afterwards completing his law course with R. P. and H. S. Buckland in Fremont. He was admitted to the bar by the Ohio Supreme Court in March, 1881, and became a member of the law firm, with Gen. R. P. and H. S. Buckland. He at once displayed ability, not only in the practice of law, 'but also in literature, in writing for newspapers and magazines. He assisted Hon. Homer Everett in the editorial work of the history of Sandusky County by Mr. Everett in 1882.

Mr. Zeigler was joint author with Mr. B. S. Grosscup in the work entitled "The Heart of the Alleghanies," published in 1883, before he left Fremont for San Francisco, where he now resides. This book ran through two editions. He has since written "It was Marlowe; A Story of the Secret of Three Centuries," published in 1898. This is a historical novel of the Elizabethan era with the author's original theory maintained in it that, at least, the stronger of the so-called Shakespeare plays, were written by Christopher Marlowe. After the late destruction of San Francisco by earthquake and fire he wrote the book entitled "The Story of the Great Disaster," published in 1906. Thirty-five thousand copies of this book have been issued by the press. Mr. Zeigler is still engaged in the active and successful practice of law, in San Francisco, notwithstanding his work in the field of literature, which to him,

Hiram Mok Greene, son of Judge John L. Greene and Emma S. Greene, was born in Fremont, Ohio, and received his education in the city public schools.

He studied law with Garver & Garver, and afterwards completed his law course at the University of Virginia; and after being admitted to the bar located in his native city, and there opened an office and entered upon the practice. But his inclinations were more toward literature than the law and he began writing for the newspapers, at first over the nom de plume "Timothy Hay." His efforts then were short poems, some of which were published in the Cleveland '"'Leader." He soon abandoned his nom de plume and wrote over his own name. His contributions were published in the newspapers and publications with a rural appeal, "Ohio State Journal,' "Ohio Farmer, Home and Flowers," and others. He also contributed in verse for "Life" and for "Types" a humorous series entitled, "Ancient Myths in Modern Version," and also a number of humorous poems for that publication. During the gubernatorial campaign in Ohio, that resulted in the election of Nash, he went to Toledo, on the Toledo "Times" staff as political editor. After the campaign he returned to Fremont, and for a short time worked on the Fremont "Journal" for B. F. Jackson, then its publisher. Next he became city editor of the Fremont "Daily Messenger,' and then closed up his law office and adopted literature as his life work. From the "Messenger" he went to Columbus to write for the American Press Association, as day editor, then as night editor, at the same time writing in humorous vein, mostly in prose and verse, regularly for the magazine section of the Pittsburgh "Sunday Gazette."

In 1904 he became assistant business manager of the "Pilgrim Magazine," published at Battle Creek, and in 1905 general manager and editorial writer. In 1906 he was vith the Bobbs-Merrell Company, book publishers at Indianapolis, as editor of the "Home Magazine,' remaining with them until in 1908, when the company sold the magazine to south-

In March, 1909, he went to Boston to edit 'Ideal Homes," a monthly magazine devoted to the beautifying and practical improvement of the home and the profitable betterment of the home interest, in town and in country life, in which capacity he is now serving. He has also written some short fiction, which has appeared in the "Saturday Evening Post" and "Everybody's Magazine," and other magazines.

HoMeER Everert is the author of a "History of Sandusky County," published by H. Z. Williams & Bro., in 1882, and also of numerous historical sketches and addresses published in the local papers of his day.

FRANK C. Cutty, whose boyhood days were spent in Lower Sandusky, wrote a book in Igol, entitled, "Barbara: A Romance of the Lower Sandusky Valley." It is a tale of the War of 1812-1813, founded upon facts con-

Mr. Cully wrote under the pseudonym of "Major Clinton." He dedicates Barbara to his mother in the following words: 'Who in my boyhood days dispelled many a gloomy hour with her stories of the early times in Ohio and the Lower Sandusky Valley * * *, to her memory through the love of her oldest son, this volume is dedicated with the hope that in her spirit life, she may hear the echoings of this story now told."

Rev. J. I. Swanper, D. D., while pastor of the First Reformed Church in Fremont wrote and published two books, one entitled "The Substantial Philosophy," the other "The Reformed Church."

Miss Jutta Haynes is theauthorof an interesting and instructive "Monograph," published by the Ohio Archeological and Historical Society, entitled '"Fremont in History." historical sketches of churches, together with biographies of early ministers and early prominent members; reports in pamphlet form of soldiers' reunions and the Pioneer and Historical Society proceedings; reports of important court trials; and is the author of a book entitled, "History and Genealogy of the Burgner Family in America," copyrighted and published by him at Oberlin, Ohio, in 1890.

Gen. R. B. Hayes in a letter to Mr. Burgner dated July 13, 1891, writes: "It is a painstaking account of a Swiss family who came to America before the old French war. It is especially valuable, as the books about German families in the Colonial period are very rare. I congratulate you on your book."

The Continental Sugar Company. When the company located at Fremont in 1900 it was expected that Sandusky County farmers would rally to the protection and development of the requirements of the factory in the matter of the cultivation of the sugar beet, and during the early years of its operation a reasonably satisfactory tonnage was secured. In later years, however, the local interest seems to have fallen off, and the company has gone into wider territory for the necessary material for conducting the plant. During 1908 considerably less than 1,000 acres were contracted in Sandusky County, and for 1909 that mark was not reached. The usual limit of production is from eight to twelve tons per acre, Sandusky County barely reaching the fair average. Individual instances of over twenty tons per acre of this crop have been reached in some sections. ;

The Fremont plant was originally constructed for slicing 350 tons of beets per day, but during its operation has been improved and enlarged in minor details, so that it now handles over 450 tons during every day of the campaign. Since the factory was built in 1900 it has produced nearly fifty-three million pounds of sugar at this plant.

It may be of interest in this connection to give a paragraph from the "Lower Sandusky Whig." dated June 22, 1839: "We were much pleased this morning with a visit to the garden of Isaac Norton in this place and a view of his sugar beets, a beautiful specimen of this plant; being from 5 to 6 feet in height. He informs us that he set out 'about 200 plants and thinks he shall have a bushel of seed. We would urge upon the farmers of our county a trial of this crop."

The Clauss Shear Company. In 1878 a company for the manufacture of shears was formed at Elyria, Ohio, with Hon. T. L. Nelson as president, and John H. Clauss, secretary and treasurer. At that time the industry was a new one, being the first manufactory of the kind west of New Jersey and Connecticut, and the problem of success or failure in the unknown field was enigmatical.

What was then the Elyria Shear Company has grown to the mammoth establishment - known as the Clauss Shear Company of Fremont, having removed to this city October 1, L857.

Employing but six men at the outset, for two years the goods manufactured were entirely of iron, but John H. Clauss, the secretary, foresaw that the trade would demand a better article, and in 1880 the manufacture of Solid Steel Shears was commenced. It is now the largest factory of the kind in the country, having an extensive plant, thoroughly equipped and has 400 employees. Its capital stock is

The Christy Knife Company was incorporated in August, 1891, with a capital stock of $10,000.00. The company manufactures kitchen specialties and employs 75 people. J. R. Christy is president and manager; and C. J. Christy, secretary and treasurer.

The R. J. Christy Company was incorporated February I1, 1905, with a capital stock of $10,000. This company manufactures safety razors and employs 140 people. J. R. Christy is president.

The A. H. Jackson Manufacturing Company now having factories at Fremont, Sandusky, Clyde, Bellevue and Tiffin, and also four retail stores, one each at Fremont, Sandusky, Tiffin and Clyde, was started seventeen years ago by A. H. Jackson and F. H. Anderson, with twenty sewing machines, and today is the largest manufactory of muslin and flannelette undergarments in the United States. This com- pany made and put on the market the first ladies' flannelette gown, and is the pioneer of the flannelette underwear business, and manufactures more than all the rest of its competitors put together. Its capital is $400,000.00. The home factory employs 350 persons, men and women, the latter of whom number on the average 275. The officers of the company are A. H. Jackson, president and treasurer, and F. H. Anderson, vice-president, secretary and general manager.

The Star Mills are a land mark familiar to old residents of this community. The mill- was built in 1860 by D. L. June. It was known in early days as the '"'Seagle Mills" and afterwards owned by Demon Camfield, William Curtice, Camfield & Geesman, Royce & Koons Bros., Bowlus & Berry, Quale & Berry, Van Epps & Cox and finally was bought by William A. Cox, who still retains the property.

In 1883 Van Epps & Cox built a 25,000 bushel grain elevator in the rear of the mill. This plant turns out thousands of barrels of flour, and handles thousands of bushels of grain and food-stuff each year.

The Fremont Kraut Company is among the largest single concerns of the kind in the country, and was organized in 1906, with a capital stock of $25,000: The capacity of its factory is 150 tons of cabbage daily, and it gives employment to 70 persons. The officers are E. B. Smith, president; A. E. Slessman, vice-president and manager; W. E. Proctor, secretary and treasurer.

The Trommer Company. This company is the successor of the firm formed in 1874 for the manufacture of malt extract, known as the Trommer Extract of Malt Company.

Dr. John B. Rice, a member of the firm, having, while an army surgeon in the Civil War, witnessed the beneficial effects of the use, in surgical cases and in persons convalescing from disease, of an article known as the Trommer Malt Extract, and been favorably impressed with its remedial value, acquired for his firm from Prof. Trommer, who was an eminent German chemist, his formula for its manufacture, together with the privilege to manufacture and sell the article generally, except in Germany. The firm thereupon com- menced its manufacture according to the formula thus obtained, but after two or three years' experience, discovered that by this process a very valuable element known as diastase, which was contained in malt, was destroyed, and the extract thereby rendered much less valuable than it would be if this element were preserved.

After experimentation, the chemist of the firm discovered a process by which the diastase could be preserved in the extract; and the firm then commenced the manufacture of the article according to the new process, on a large scale, and for the next few years, the sales were enormous and the profits correspondingly large. In 1889 the business was sold to the present owners for $88,000, upon a guaranteed statement that the annual sales for the three previous years had amounted to a certain sum.

In 1894 a branch office was established in London, England, which after about eight years, was sold to an English Syndicate. In 1900 a new and valuable product known as palmiacol was added to the business. The company employs thirty persons in and about the factory and business. The officers of the company are Ed H. Zurhorst, president; W. S. Lewis, secretary, and N. C. Sherwood, treasurer and general manager.

The Fremont Furmture Company was originally The Rogers Furniture Company. The Fremont Furniture Company have occupied their present plant since 1892. Its plant covers two acres of ground, and the company is capitalized for $100,000, $50,000 of which has been paid in. The average number of employes is sixty. The present officers are O. L. Miller, president and treasurer; T. P. McGahan, vice-president and secretary, and A. H. Downing, general manager. The concerr manufactures furniture specialties and wooc novelties.

tween Jonathan Stierwalt, contractor and builder at Fremont, and E. J. Carter, who in 1889 came from, Akron, Ohio. These two gentlemen originally purchased the account file business conducted by J. B. Van Doren Company, who were conducting the business under the Stull Bros.' patents in territory west of the Mississippi River. In December, 1892, they purchaged the interest and complete patents of Stull Bros., who were conducting their business in a small business room on West State Street: The following year the company moved to a building on Whittlesey Street, which had been especially put up for their purpose and which they occupied until their new factory was built and completed in 1892, at the corner of Napoleon and Jackson Streets.

Two years after the partnership was organized, they reorganized into a stock company under the name of the Simple Account File Company, with capital stock of $40,000. A few years later this was increased to $75,000 and later on to $100,000. In 1904 the company was reorganized with an increased capital 'of $250,000, $125,000 of which was common stock and $125,000 was six per cent preferred stock, all of which has been issued with the exception of $50,000 preferred stock.

For the first few years the company was engaged only in the manufacture and sale of account files under Stull Bros.' patents. A few years later they went into the manufacture of duplicating sales books, and a year or two after that further increased their business by engaging in the manufacture of credit systems. In 1905 they purchased the business of the Keith Credit Register Company, at Mansfield, who were engaged in the manufacture of sales books and credit systems.

Jonathan Stierwalt was the president of the Company from its organization to the time of his death in 1896, since which time E. J. Carter has been president. At the present time the officers are E. J. Carter, president and treasurer; John F. Gottron, vice-president, and. C. W. Stierwalt, secretary.

Since their new factgry was built in 1902 they have been continually adding to it to meet their increasing business. The factory is a model one, being a saw-tooth roof construc- tion, heated with hot water pumped in from central station and protected by automatic sprinkler system throughout. The company is regarded as one of the very substantial institutions of Fremont.

The Lehr Agricultural Company was incorporated in 1890 with a capital stock of $70,000 and is the successor of the firm of Lehr Brothers in the machine and foundry business. G. F. Buchman is president, J. W. Lehr vicepresident, Will J. Rich secretary, and N. P.

Its foundry and machine shop are located on the corner of Napoleon and Jackson Streets. The company manufactures various lines of sulkey cultivators, land rollers, disk and toothharrows and other agricultural implements on a large scale. It employs from fifty to eighty men and is one,of Fremont's important manufacturing plants.

"machinery and machinery supplies, and is located at 207-209 Garrison Street. M. Holderman is sole owner, and the company is the successor to the old June Engine Works.

_into operation the June Engine Works, a manufacturing business which was only terminated at the death of Mr. David June, in November, 1905. 'Ilis business was carried on successfully as June & Curtis, June & June, June & Gilpin, June & Curtis, D. June & Co., French & Holderman and at present as the M. Holderman Machinery Company.

At the beginning the firm did a general machine-shop and foundry business and manufactured plows, stationary engines and saw-mills. As the business developed they later took contract for the building and complete installation of the machinery for the operation of various kinds of factories, etc. In 1875 they put on the market the famous Champion Vertical Boiler Portable engine with its patent spark arrester, which, two years later, was developed into the traction engine. Coming, as it did, in the infancy of the traction engine, and because of its safety from fire through the spark arrester, the firm for many years did a flourishaa ee gn aS re OY ee psn

Later the firm again took up the manufacture of stationary engines, boilers and sawmills in conjunction with the traction engines, which form of business was carried on until the death of Mr. June, as above stated.

The firm started a branch house at Waco, Texas, where much of the product of the June Engine Works has been sold of late years. This branch house was incorporated just prior to Mr. David June's death, and now does a flourishing business under the name of The D. June Machinery Company, of which firm M. Holderman is president.

For years the June Engine Works were the largest and almost the sole manufactory of note in this vicinity. The persons who from time to time have been associated with the business in various ways number into the thousands. Those who have been associated with the firm as part owners are David June, Samuel Curtis, Lyman Gelpin, O. S. French, Robert Brayton, S. A. June and Daniel L. June, all now deceased; and A. M. June, P. J. June and M. Holderman.

The Moore Carriage and Wagon Factory. One of the oldest manufacturing concerns in the city is the Moore Carriage and Wagon Works, corner of Garrison and Water Streets. In 1848 John P. Moore, its founder, worked at the trade of blacksmithing. In 1850 he went to Woodville where he established a small business in that line. In 1851 he returned to Fremont and in connection with his brothers, founded the business of manufacturing carriages and wagons on the site of the present factory.

Since 1857 until about four years ago, a period of nearly half a century, he conducted the business alone, except as assisted by his sons Theodore and Albert. He manufactured highgrade vehicles of all kinds ranging from the lightest buggy through all the varieties of road and delivery wagons to the heaviest trucks. The Moore vehicles had a high reputation throughout the country, and he did a large business for many years. About four years ago, owing to advancing age he retired, and the business is now conducted by his son, Theo-

The Herbrand Company was organized in 1881 by Jacob Herbrand, Charles Thompson and J. B. Van Doren. It took its name from Mr. Herbrand, who was the 'inventor and patentee of the Herbrand Fifth Wheel and Gear Iron. Mr. Herbrand died in 1884. The company began the manufacture of these Fifth Wheels and Gear Irons in a small way, gradually increasing the line, until the Herbrand Carriage Forgings are known by the carriage trade over the entire country. They now employ over 100 men, and have a large and finely equipped plant. turning out a diversified product that is recognized as the best of its kind. Their line now includes a variety of highgrade Carriage Forgings, Bicycle and Automobile Wrenches and Herbrand Safety Razors. Charles Thompson is the president and general manager, and Gilbert E. Hall secretary and treasurer.

The Jackson Shear and Razor Company. This organization has a history. It was formerly brought to Fremont from Buchanan, Michigan, and known there as The Michigan Cutlery Company. After being purchased and machinery and tools brought to Fremont, a handsome three-story building was erected on West State Street, and a company organized under the name of The Jackson Knife and Shear Company. This company continued in business until December, 1906, when it was re-organized and new officers and directors were elected, the name of the new and present company being the Jackson Shear and Razor Company. The officers of the company are as follows: President and treasurer, A. H. Jackson; vice-president, A. V. Baumann; secretary and manager, J. J. Anderson.

This company occupies a three-story brick building covering a floor space of 37,426 feet. They employ from 100 to 150 people and are at the present time enjoying a very successful business.

The Lincoln Stove and Range Company was founded seven years ago, by several local capitalists. A small, one-story frame building was erected for a plant, which soon proved inadequate for the business that was developed.

With increased capital a larger acreage was obtained and a modern, brick plant, covering approximately four acres of ground, has replaced the, first quarters.

This. company now ranks as one of the prominent business enterprises of this section and as one of the largest stove manufacturing concerns in the country. <A high grade line of ranges and heating stoves are manufactured and the products are distributed to almost every section of the United States.

The company selected the name of Lincoln as a trade mark for their product, which typifes the high quality and superior construction of the stoves manufactured. The plant gives employment to about 350 skilled mechanics, and each year the volume of sales is largely increasing. The company maintains its own pattern shops, foundries, mounting floors, and warehouses, and has a capacity of 100 stoves of various types, daily.

The Jackson Cement Industry. Elmer E. Jackson undertook to demonstrate the value of cement as a substitute for stone in sidewalks, and. built one at his residence. Attention was thus attracted, and others patronized him for walks, and the business grew. In 1903 he constructed two immense cisterns for the Continental Sugar Company, which proved satisfactory, and in 1905 another was built for this company, with a capacity of 6,000 barrels, the largest in the country, which is giving good'satisfaction. He has since constructed culverts and large bridges and has added 'to his industry: that of manufacturing concrete blocks for building purposes, which are being extensively used. He is the inventor of a concrete mixer, for which he has obtained letters patent.

'The Unsinger Razor Blade Company commenced business in a small way in July, 1905, under a partnership basis, the firm consisting of Peter Unsinger and Philip H. Unsinger. On

January 17, 1908, the business was incorporated under the name of The Unsinger Razor Blade Company, with an authorized capital stock of $10,000, which was, on the 15th day of September, 1908, increased to $35,000, its present capital stock.

The company was incorporated by Peter Unsinger, Philip H. Unsinger, M. F. Engler, J. E. Druckenmiller and B. O. Kreilick for the purpose of the manufacture and sale of razor blades, razors, cutlery, razor blade machinery and screw machine products incidental thereto. The business is substantial and growing and the company employs about thirty five people.

The Fremont Yaryan Company was organized in 1902 for the purpose of furnishing electric light and power service, and hot water heating service from a central station. The original capital of the company was $100,- 000.00, which has since been increased to $200,000.00. Its plant is a very complete and modern one in every respect, and covers the territory fully. Its equipment and service are both much superior to that found in similar cities of the size of Fremont. Its officers are, T. H. Jungk, president; E. S. Thomas, vicepresident; J. W.: Forsythe, secretary; B. J. Shockley, superintendent.

The capacity of the plant is ample to take care of any increase in business for some years to come. Its service is satisfactory, its financial condition is good, and its facilities ample to meet all demands upon it. The company employs an average of twenty-two persons the year around.

The Fremont Metal & Manufacturing Company, manufacturers of metal specialties, flat kitchen cutlery, safety razors, razor blades and other blades, stroppers, bread, paring and cooking knives, forks, cake turners, spatulas, scrapers, can openers, stitch rippers, desk knives, corn razors, etc. It has a fine plant with special automatic machinery of their own design, adapted to the manufacture of articles in large quantities. It has been in existence many years and has extensive domestic and foreign export business, employing thirty or more people constantly. Among the articles manufactured are the "Witch," "Wizard" and "Magic" safety razors and known as the "Crescent'' goods.

The Thomson-Houston Electrical Company, of Lynn, Massachusetts, acquired the land and business known as the old Harvester Works in 1887 and immediately installed it with machinery for making carbons for electric lighting. Mr. Philo Moses was the first superintendent; Mr. W. R. Caulkins was the first manager, who was later succeeded by Mr. C. T. Richmond as president and manager up to 1893. In 1890 the capacity of the works was more than doubled. In November, 1891, the plant was almost entirely destroyed by fire, but was rebuilt and running again by the beginning of 1893. In 1905 a large addition was made by the erection of a four-story, fire-proof, modern building for making electric batteries, and since then the work at this factory has been largely devoted to that branch of the industry.

The Lake Shore Electric Railway Power Plant. The Fremont Power Plant furnishes power to operate the West End, from Norwalk to Toledo of the Lake Shore Electric Railway, also furnishes power to operate the Sandusky, Norwalk and Mansfield Railway out of Norwalk, and power for operating the Toledo, Fostoria and Findlay Railway. Number of employes in Fremont Power Plant, 17; daily output, 30,000 K. W.; total capacity,. 40,000 K. W.; 2700 horse power in the boilers in use in the plant.

Number of employes in the shop and storeroom, 40; number of men employed by the transportation department on the Toledo division, 60; acreage of the power house plant, 16. _ FREMONT BUSINESS DIRECTORY OF 1850.

Some Old Buildings In Lower Sandusky

The first frame building in Lower Sandusky was near the corner of Front and Croghan Streets, on the site of Dorr's and Hamilton's store rooms. It was built by Israel Harrington and used as a tavern. It was erected in 1815. Col. R. M. Johnson and other Kentucky soldiers stopped here on their way home from the Battle of the Thames, October 5, 1813. It was kept for a time by Gen. Otho Hinton, the stage line proprietor.

_The second frame building in the village was the store of Olmstead Brothers, erected in 1817 near the present Price Lumber Company office. It was two stories high, with 60 feet front-on the river. Dormer windows jutted out above, with pulleys and tackle for raising goods. After the store was built quite a pile of jumber was left, which Judge Olmstead gave away from time to time to make coffins.

.:The 'early. Presbyterian services were held on the east side of the river, where the Herbrand works now stand; in a house built by the Prior brothers, and by them contributed for church purposes.

The residence of Christopher Smith on North Justice Street was built by J. S. Olmstead, the first merchant, on the present site of Buchman's store. It was moved: when the old Opera Hoyée Block was erected.

In 1818 Jeremiah Everett, one of the earliest settlers, built a log house at the northeast corner of Arch and Ewing Streets. One of the first frame houses on South Arch Street was built in 1839 by Andrew Morehouse, where the Wm. B. Sheldon residence now stands.

The original part of Dr. Robert Rice's residence was built by Elder Skinner, minister of the Baptist congregation, whose church stood about where the Jackson Underwear Factory is now. The site was long occupied by the residence of Theo. Clapp.

In 1837 three brick residences were begun, those of Dr. D. Brainard, where now stands the Croghan Bank; the Rawson house on State Street; and the Macklin house (American House) opposite. Dr. Brainard's house, finished in 1840, was opened with a housewarming, one of the society events of the early days. The whole town was invited, and a great collation served. This house was the finest in the place, four stories high, with beautiful walnut furnishings, colonial stairways and mantels.

Street was moved in 1831 to the northeast corner of Front and Croghan Streets, by Thomas Ogle, and converted into a tavern kept by Isaac Knapp. In 1839 the front parlor was fitted up as a storeroom by J. P. Haynes. In 1854 O. L. Nims wished to build a brick block on that corner, and gave the old building to Thos. L. Hawkins, who moved it to Water Street south of Garrison, where it stood till 1900 as part of J. P. Moore's carriage shop.

In 1820 William Andrews built a tavern on a little wharf at the foot of Garrison Street. In its third story was the first Masonic Lodge in this town. This building and one built by

Nicholas Whitinger about the same time, were the only two listed in 1820, as worth one thousand dollars. Whitinger's house was the original part of the famous corner tavern, known as the Ohio Mansion House, later as Kessler's, where the Wheeling station now stands. As early as 1822, Thos. L. Hawkins converted the upper story into a theatre. In the early 40's, board and lodging at this tavern were $2.50 per week.

'The Western House, built in 1830 on the site of the old Buckland Block, was in its day the leading hotel of Northwestern Ohio. It was a frame building with a great two-story piazza with large pillars. Its old barn long remained, being demolished for the building of the Christy Knife Works.

The present Hotel Fremont, long the Croghan House, was erected as a store by an Englishman named Weiler, who lived in the big brick house on Croghansville hill.

On the east side of the river, Morris A: Nee man kept a tavern in very early times. On the site of the late Tell House was Harpster's tavern, famous as Democratic headquarters. The Goose House, with a wild goose sign, was the big frame building still standing on the north side of East State Street' Capt. Samuel

- Thompson kept a famous hostelry on the present Thompson property where was held the notable Democratic meeting during the campaign of 1840.

The old Dickinson House, corner Arch and State Streets, now the site of the Opera House, was built by Morris A. Newman on the hill east of the river, and about 1828 it was moved by yokes of oxen as teams. It got stuck on the bridge, then an open one, and a hole had to be cut through the house to allow teams and passengers to cross. It was in this house where the' first court was held in Croghansville.

The Fort Stephenson Celebration

The celebration of 1839 was the first formal recognition made of the anniversary of the battle, and was entered into by all classes of citizens with a spirit and an energy which indicated the deepest interest in the chief local event of the town. Action looking thereto was inaugurated by a preliminary meeting of citizens, held at the Court House on the even-

Frank Williams it was resolved to take measures for the celebration of the then approaching anniversary, when a committee of arrangements therefor was appointed, to consist of the

The exercises were duly held on August 2, 1839, according to a programme, which had been prepared by the committee of arrangements; and as mentioned in the newspapers of the day the occasion was one of great interest.

After dinner the company adjourned to the old fort, a few relics of which still remained, where Hon. Eleutheros Cooke, of Sandusky, from the steps of the residence of Gen. John Patterson, (which was the wooden building lately removed from the center of Fort Stephenson) delivered an able, eloquent and appropriate address, which was published at the time. Letters were received from a large number of persons invited, including Colonel Croghan, Gen. W. H. Harrison, Henry Clay, Col. R. M. Johnson (then vice president), Gov. Shannon, Hon. Thomas Ewing, Hon. Elisha Whittlesey, John A. Bryan (auditor of state), Hon. John W. Allen, Gen. Jas. Allen and Dr. John G. Miller of Columbus. Besides the "regulars" volunteer toasts were offered by Gen. John Patterson, B. J. Bartlett, William B. Craighill, Josiah Roop, Dr. Niles, Henry Spohn, Sidney Smiith (subsequently by special legislative act Sidney Sea), Col. E. D. Bradley, Dr. 7, ed Brown, Clark Waggoner, Capt. Samuel Thompson, Pitt Cooke and John N. Sloan of Sandusky.

Masonic

tion granted May 12, 1852. Charter granted October 19, 1852. Fees for degrees, $2. Admission on dimit, $1. Annual dues, $2, payable on or before the first meeting in September, each year.

Brainard Lodge, No. 336, F. and A. M. Instituted under dispensation February 16, 1861. Fees for degrees, (Entered Apprentice, $10; Fellow Craft, $10; Master Mason, $10) $30. Annual dues, $3. Admission on dimit,

Fremont Chapter, No. 133, O. E. S Instituted December 10, 1900. Initiation fee, $2. Annual dues, $1. Payable in advance on or before October 1.

Odd Fellows

Eugene Rawson Post, No. 32, G. A. R. Among the first G. A. R. posts, "Eugene Rawson" organized in Ohio was known as Post No. 2 organized in 1866. 7

In 1879 a change was made in the constitution permitting the use of the name of some one of their deceased comrades who had performed some act or deed worthy of commemoration and the name of Eugene Rawson was | selected. Post No. 2 was organized with seventeen members. _

Eugene Rawson Post No. 32, originally known as Post No. 2 was organized May 24, 1880, with 51 members and the following offcers were elected:

The Post was reorganized April 20, 1881, and the following officers elected: Commander, A. F. Price; Senior Vice Commander, T. F. Hessner; Junior Vice Commander, John Schoedler; Adjutant, B. F. Evans; Surgeon, J. B. Rice; Chaplain, George E. Smith; Officer of the Day, James A. Dickinson ; Officer of the Guard, J. R. Rollins; Sergeant Major, Henry Hunsinger; Guard, M. E. Tyler.

The following are the officers for the year lg09g: Commander, Peter Winters; Senior Vice Commander, C. A. Hampsher; Junior Vice Commander, Israel Walburn; Adjutant, George W. Beery; Quartermaster, Joseph Schwartz; Surgeon, I. H. Burgoon; Chaplain, Daniel S. Moses; Officer of the Day, R. B. Hineline; Officer of the Guard, Isaac N. Fisher ; Sergeant Major, James W. Short; Q. M. Sergeant, John W. Palmer; Guard, Jos. Hemsinger; Patriotic Instructor, I. H. Burgoon.

Eugene Rawson Post has had many comrades of prominence and influence in its ranks, among whom were such men as General R. B. Hayes, General R. P. Buckland, Judge E. F. Dickinson, Dr. J. B. Rice, Judge John L. Greene, Captain A. F. Price, Captain Anthony Young, Captain Lorenzo Dick, Captain Josiah Chance, Captain M. E. Tyler, and many others living and dead.

32, G. A. R.. was organized September 4, 1890, by Mrs. Lovina Welch of Bellevue, instituting and installing officer for the Sixth District Ohio, W. R. C., with thirty charter members. The first officers were president, Mrs. Zoe A. F. Long; senior vice president, Anna M. Hineline; junior vice president, Emelie Dillenschneider ; secretary, Anna Rose Green Baumann; treasurer, Ella Hauck; chaplain, Emma Hampsher; guard, Amelia Schoedler; conductor, Jennie Doniher. To the original number of members have been added, by initiation and transfer 155, lost by death 12, by withdrawal and removal 75, leaving a membership of 98.

The objects of the Woman's Relief Corps are to assist the post in caring for aged and infirm comrades and their families, to find homes for the orphans and widows of deceased soldiers, to inculcate lessons of patriotism and love of country, and to assist in the sacred observance of memorial day.

Each year, this corps sends a donation of cash to the Ohio Soldiers' and Sailors' Orphans' Home at Xenia, to be used by a committee of G. A. R. comrades and W. R. C. ladies, purchase gifts at Christmas time for each of the goo children who are cared for ir that institution. Also a donation to the Ohic Soldiers' and Sailors' Home.at Sandusky, Ohio, of canned fruits, jellies and other delicacies, not provided by the State, to be used in the hospitals. This corps meets on the first and third Thursday of each month at G. A. R. hall.

The officers of this corps for this year, 1909, are: President, Mrs. Julia Hunsinger, who succeeds Mrs. Ella Webster (removed to New Mexico) ; senior vice president, Florence Williams; junior vice president, Mis. Serena Marvin; secretary, Mrs. Catherine F. Ryan; treasurer, Mrs. Zoe A. Long; chaplain, Isabel Rich; guard, Lovina Shawl; conductor, Estella Carnicon; assistant guard, Nettie Melching; assistant conductor, Olive Eisenhour; color bearers, Gertrude Clark, Anna Truman, Mary Freeh, Pauline Baxter.

Colonel George Croghan Chapter, No. 523, D. A. R., was organized November 17, 1900, by Miss Julia M. Haynes, a member of the National Society, and organizing Regent for Fremont. The charter is dated February 2, 1gor.

The tablet suspended from the gun carriage of "Old Betsy," is of iron, to match the gun, was put in place in 1902, by the Col. George Croghan chapter, D. A. R., and reads as follows:

In 1903, on the goth anniversary of the battle, the Col. George Croghan chapter of the D. A. R. unveiled a bronze tablet, faced in a boulder, on the northwest angle of the fort. Mrs. Fairbanks, National Regent of the D. A. R., was present, as were Senator Fairbanks, Charles R. Williams, of Indianapolis and other distinguished guests. This inscription is as follows:

Fort Stephenson Most gallantly defended by Major George Croghan with but 160 men Against 1,300 British and Indians Under General Proctor and Tecumseh. August 2d, 1813. This tablet was erected by Col. George Croghan Chapter, - Daughters of the American Revolution.

Also the following benevolent orders and societies: The B. P. O. Elks; Maccabees, the Dickinson Tent and Michigan Hive; Home Guards of America; Eagles; Modern Woodmen of America; Woodmen of the World; Protected Home Circle; Catholic Mutual Benefit Association; Catholic Knights of America; Catholic Knights of Ohio; Knights of Columbus; German Mutual Aid Society; Knights of Pythias; National Protective Legion; Pathfinders; Red Men; Knights of Honor; Royal Arcanum; Royal Neighbors of America; Protected Home Circle; Fraternal Mystic Circle.

The Circle Of Mercy

In the autumn of 1895 about a dozen of Fremont's charitable women, seeing the need of systematic charitable work, not covered by other benevolent societies, organized a society for the assistance of worthy and needy families, regardless of creed or nationality. This society is regularly chartered and is called "The Circle of Mercy."

These women found many families, who, by reason of illness, lack of employment or other misfortune, were unable to furnish proper food and clothing necessary to keep the children in school or comfortably provide, in some instances, for aged parents who were members of their households; and who, owning, as some of them did, their little homes, did not like to appeal to the authorized channels of city or county charity.

These families they helped by distributing clothing, shoes, school books, etc., (donated by friends to the circle,) and delicacies for the sick and comforts for the aged ones, purchased by cash donations. Charging no membership fees, the circle was entirely without funds except what came to them as a result of entertainments, and donations by kind friends.

The first officers were, president, Mrs. J. L. Rawson; vice-presidents, Mrs. J. L. Winters, Mrs. V. Kelly, Mrs. William Baker ; treasurer, Mrs. Mary Mowry; secretary, Mrs. Zoe A. Long. Mrs. Rawson held the office of president for several years, until failing health compelled her to give up the work entirely. The present officers are, president, Mrs. J. J. Keefe;. vice-president, Mrs. Ed Schwartz; secretary, Mrs. S. J. Ryan; treasurer, Mrs. Zoe A. Long.

The Ladies' Relief Society was organized in 1855. Its first president was Mrs. James Vallette; secretary and treasurer, Mrs. John M. Smith; relief committee, Mesdames D. W. Gould, George Grant, O. L. Nims, J. Krider, B..Amsden and J. Quinn.

Mrs. L. Q. Rawson, Mrs. Amsden, Mrs. Grant and Mrs. W. E. Haynes subsequently filled the "presidential chair," with Mrs. A. B. Taylor and Mrs. Lydia Mitchner as vice-presidents and Mrs. F. I. Norton and Mrs. R. W. B. McLellan secretaries, who also took charge of the finances. All of these ladies have passed away, but this work remains and has been kept up by others. Mrs. A. H. Miller, who is living, also served as president for several years.

The society had a large list of members; the only requirement for eligibility being the payment of an annual membership fee of one dollar. As the population of the city increased, the calls for aid became frequent, and the ladies began giving, each year, an entertainment in the way of a supper which was called 'The Poor Supper" and which was liberally' patronized.

At the death of Mr. Sardis Birchard in 1874, the society received by his will a liberal bequest, the interest of which, together with the interest of a fund bequeathed by Mr. Robert Brayton and a lesser amount by the Misses M. J. and I. Stevenson, makes a pretty good-sized bank account to draw on in time of need.

In the fall of 1894, the Wrigley Brothers, proprietors of the Fremont Daily News, gave the ladies of this society the use of their office and the gross amount of all receipts from the sale of papers and advertising "for one day only," stipulating that the paper be edited and managed in all its departments by such committee of women as the officers of the society might select. The ladies accepted this offer, and with Mrs. Zoe Long as editor in chief, and a corps of able assistants, the venture proved a success and netted the sum of over three hundred and fifty dollars.

The society is still in existence and is doing much good. Its present officers are, president, Miss Sarah J. Grant; vice-president, Mrs. J. L. Winters; secretary, Miss Rose Ames; treasurer, Mrs. E. A. Bristol; with committees of three for each ward of the city.

Chapter Xxv Miscellanea

.of Batile of Ft. Stephenson - Floods - Col. Mills Stephenson - Slect Storm of 1909 - Fremont - Fostoria Electric Railway - River Distances - Gateway to Spiegel Grove Dedicated - Ladies' Soldiers' Aid Society of Clyde - Pioneer Reunion - The River of Time.

In 1806 the first sermon was preached at Lower Sandusky ; 1808, land for Maumee road was ceded by Indians; 1811, Lower Sandusky region was attached to Radnor Township, Delaware County; 1813, Croghan's Victory; 1815, Lower Sandusky Region was attached to Huron County; 1815, Lower Sandusky Township was organized, and first village election held; 1816, first school house was built; Croghansville was platted; 1817, Lower Sandusky was platted; 1819, first sermon by a Methodist minister at Lower Sandusky; 1820, County was organized and first county election; population 852; first term of court held May 8, and the first marriage license was issued October 24, 1820; 1822, Rutherford B. Hayes was born in Delaware; 1823, Maumee pike surveyed; building of first court house begun; first will probated, October 23, 1844, building of Maumee and Western Reserve Pike; 1828, first bridge at Lower Sandusky; 1829, first newspaper established ; Lower Sandusky incorporated; 1830, population of county, 2,851; county Bible society formed; 1833, great flood, February 3rd; bridge carried away, frame court house completed; 1840, population of county, 10,182; taxable property in county, $843,000; tax, $14,772; 1844, brick court house completed; 1849, poor house erected; name changed from Lower Sandusky to Fremont; 1850, population of county, 14,305; 1852, Agricultural Society organized ; first railroad passenger train through the county, via. train through Fremont, over the T. N. & C:;

Pioneer Lawyers And Physicians

In connection with our report of the pioneer reunion, the following item may be of interest : In the County Treasurer's office are preserved the tax duplicates of Sandusky County since the year 1837. In looking over the duplicates of 1845 this week, we noticed that lawyers and physicians were charged with an income tax amounting to 42 cents on every $100 of their annual income. The lawyers' names on the duplicate were as follows: J. L. Greene, B. J. Bartlett, Cooper K. Watson, J. A. Johnson, R. P. Buckland, L. B. Otis, Homer Everett, R. B. Hayes and Wm. W. Culver. Their annual income as returned for taxation was from $50 up to $500 per year. .

The doctors were: J. W. Wilson, L.:Q. Rawson, Samuel Ryder, Louis Gessner, Franklin Williams, J. D. G. Stevenson, Edwin Lathan, A. R. Ferguson, Isaac S. Ross, Richard L. Seeley, P. Beaugrand, Stephen Finch, Wm. G. Harkness, Joseph Kelly, John M. Fletcher, John C. Thomson. The doctors' incomes ran from $50 up to $600 per year.

Agricultural Iron Bridges

The first iron bridge in the county was built over Mud Creek, near the Village of Millersville, in 1870, on the Greensburg Road. It cost $1,270. The county commissioners were Benjamin Inman, S. E. Walters and Henry Reiling.

The next was over Wolf Creek, near Bettsville, on the county line, in 1872, and was joint- -ly built by Seneca and Sandusky Counties. The cost (equally divided) was for the iron work $840.

The third was built in 1874 over Mud Creek in Washington Township, costing for the superstructure $790; and the same year another iron bridge was built over this same creek in Scott Township, the superstructure of which cost $775.

In the fall of the year 1876 an iron bridge was built over this creek where it is crossed by the Fremont and Oak Harbor Road. The superstructure cost $863.

In 1877 three more were built over Mud Creek, one near Frank Fought's; one near the Noah Snyder residence in Washington Township, and one near Luther Winchell's in Scott Township, at an average cost of $610 for iron superstructure.

The Portage river bridge on the pike in Woodville Township was finished in November, 1878, and was built jointly by the state and county. The county paid $2,009 of the cost.

The present bridge over the Sandusky River in Fremont at State Street; was erected in 1877, and formally opened for travel on Christmas day of that year. The total cost including engineering and all incidental expenses was $23,357.76, of which the county paid $10,457.76 and the state the balance. The bridge is 320 1-2 feet in length, resting on two abutments and three piers.

When the present Lake Shore Electric Railroad was established, to cross the river at this point the railroad company made improvements in the way of strengthening and preparing the structure for their tracks on the same, the tracks over the bridge being double, following the driveway. The bridge is fifty-seven feet wide, having a footway with railings on each side. The driveways are eighteen feet each in width.

- Since the building of the bridges mentioned, improvements in that line have been made, until over nearly all the streams at the principal road crossings in the county substantial bridges with stone foundations and iron superstructures have been placed.

Saloons Abolished

At the election held in Sandusky County, on Monday, November 23, 1908, under the socalled Rose local option law, to decide whether the saloons in the county should be abolished or retained, the majority in favor of their abolition was 515. The law took effect under this election and vote, December 23, 1908. The "Daily News" of December 24th says: :

"The saloons in Sandusky County ceased to exist at midnight Wednesday, suspending business under the operation of the Rose local option law. The closing of the saloons in Fremont and Sandusky County as far as the sale of intoxicating liquor is concerned, marks an epoch in local history and is the first time in the history of Sandusky County and Fremont that people could not get all the alcoholic drinks they desired, and the first time that wine, beer and whisky could not be legally sold here. In the memory of the oldest inhabitant this has never happened in Fremont before.

Fremont Wednesday night was not marked with any great demonstration. week or mofe the salodns have been doing a rushing business, disposing of their stocks of liquors and none of the dealers had much left early Wednesday night. * * * * * * "There was no particular excitement down town Wednesday night, the last night of the saloons. It had been expected that things would be lively, but such was not the case, and there were but few drunken individuals around who desired to celebrate and take advantage of the last night when they could line up to the bar and order what they wanted."

The Whitakers Again

Hon. Homer Everett relates in his History of Sandusky County an interview with Mrs. Rachel Scranton, the seventh child of James Whitaker, as follows:

"About the year 1780 two brothers, Quill and James Whitaker, in company with another yourg. man, left Fort 'Pitt one morning on a hunting expedition. They wandered a considerable distance from the fort, intent upon securing game with which to gratify their of rifle balls rattled among the trees. took mortal effect in the body of the young man, another. passed through the hat of Quill Whitaker, who saved himself by flight; a third ball shattered the arm of James, the younger brother, and in a few minutes he was the prisoner of a band of painted Wyandot warriors. After several days' hard traveling, the Indians with their captive reached a village within the present boundaries of Richland County, Ohio. Here the lines were formed and Whitaker's bravery and activity tested on the gauntlet course. The boy, wounded as he was, deported 'himself with true heroism. The first half of the course was passed without a single scratch, but as he was speeding on toward the painted goal an old squaw who cherished a feeling of deep revenge, mortified by the captive's successful progress, sprang forward and caught his arm near the shoulder, hoping to detain him long enough for the weapon of the next savage to take effect. The prisoner instantly halted and with a violent kick sent the vicious! squaw and the next Indian tumbling from the. line. His bold gallantry received wild shouts. of applause along the line. Attention- being

_thus diverted, he sprang forward with quickened speed and reached the post without material injury. Not satisfied that this favorite amusement should be so quickly ended, it was decided that the prisoner should run again.' The lines for the second trial were already formed, when an elderly and dignified squaw walked forward and took from her own shoulders a blanket which she cast over the panting young prisoner, saying, 'This is my son. He is one of, us. You must not kill him.' Thus adopted, hé was treated with all that kindness and affection which the savage heart is capable of cherishing.

"About two years after the capture of Whitaker, another party of warriors made an incursion into Pennsylvania and captured at Cross Roads, Elizabeth Foulks, a girl eleven years old, whom they. carried into captivity and adopted into a family of the tribe. Both captives lived contentedly and happily, having adopted the manners and customs of their hosts.

"A few years after - probably here on the Sandusky River, at a general council of their tribe, these two adopted childrén of the forest A marriage according to the customs of civilized life was at once arranged and the couple, ardent in their love and happy in their expectations, set off for

"The Indians seemed well pleased by this conduct of their pale-faced children. They gave them a choice tract of farming land in the river bottom. Mr. and Mrs. Whitaker reared a large family for whose education they expended considerable sums of money.

"Mr. Whitaker entered into mercantile business, for which he was well fitted. He established a store at his residence, one at Tymochtee and one at Upper Sandusky. He accumulated wealth rapidly, having at the time of his death his goods all paid for and 2,000 pounds on deposit with the Canada house where he made his purchases. At Upper Sandusky he had a partner, Hugh Patterson with whom in the year 1804 he drank a glass of wine and died a short time afterwards, his death being attributed to poison in the wine. Mrs. Whitaker, to whom a reservation - was granted in the treaty of 1817, survived her husband many years."

Hildreth in his Pioneer History, gives an account of the capture of Daniel Convers in April, 1791, who on May g following was taken to "Lower Sandusky where there was a large Indian village, and his captors moved down the river and stopped a short time at Mr. Whitaker's, an Indian trader. He had a white wife who, like himself, was taken prisoner in childhood from western Virginia and adopted into the tribe (Wyandots). The trader made them a present of a loaf of maple sugar. Whitaker said but little to the prisoner lest he should excite the jealousy of the warriors."

British Account Of The Battle Of Fort

"The Military Occurrences of the War of 1812," by William James, an English publication of the time, contains the fellowing story of General Proctor's campaign against Fort Stephenson on the Sandusky:

"The American headquarters were at Seneca-town,.near to Sandusky Bay on Lake Erie. Fort Meigs, already so strong, had its works placed in a still more vigorous state of defence; and a fort had since been constructed on the west side of Sandusky River, about forty miles from its mouth, and ten from the general's headquarters. It stood on a rising ground, commanding the river to the east ; having a plain to the north and south, and a wood to the west. The body of the fort was about 100 yards in length and fifty in breadth, surrounded outside of all by a row of strong pickets, twelve feet over ground; each picket armed at top with a bayonet. Next to and against this formidable picket was an embankment, forming the side of a dry ditch, twelve feet wide by seven feet deep; then a second embankment of glacis. A strong bastion and two blockhouses completely enfiladed the ditch. Within the fort were the hospital, military and commissary store-houses, magazines, etc. As far as we can collect from the American accounts, the fort mounted but one six-pounder; and that in a masked battery at the northwestern angle. The number of troops composing the garrison cannot exactly be ascertained. One American account states that the 'effective' force did not amount to 160 men, or rank and file.

"Major General Proctor when he landed near the mouth of Sandusky River, on the first of August, had, it is admitted, no other white troops with him than the Forty-first regiment. An American editor says that the major-general, previous to his appearance on the Sandusky, had detached "Tecumseh with 2,000 warriors, and a few regulars, to make a diversion favorable to the attack upon Fort Stephenson; and yet the same editor states Major-General Proctor's force before the fort on the evening of the first, at 50 regulars and 700 Indians.' Of the latter there were but 200 and they, as was generally their custom when the object of the assault was a fortified place, withdrew to a ravine out of gun-shot, almost immediately that the action commenced. Of regulars there were two lieutenant-colonels, four captains, seven staff, twenty-two sergeants, seven drummers, and 241 rank and file, including twenty-three artillerymen; making a total of 391 officers, non-commissioned officers and privatés.

zers upon the fort, but without producing the slightest impression; and the different American accounts, as we are glad to see, concur in stating, that the fort 'was not at all injured' by the fire directed against it. Under an impression that the garrison did not exceed fifty or sixty men, the fort was ordered to be stormed. Lieut.-Col. Shortt at the head of 180 rank and file, immediately advanced toward the northwest angle; while about 160 rank and file, under Lieut.-Col. Warburton, passed around through the woods skirting the western side of the fort, to its south side. After sustaining a heavy fire of musketry from the American troops, Lieut.-Col. Shortt approached to the stockade; and with some difficulty succeeded in getting over the pickets. The instant this gallant officer reached the ditch he ordered his men to follow and assault the works with the utmost vigor. The masked six-pounder, which had been previously pointed to rake the ditch, and loaded with a double charge of 'leaden slugs', was now fired at the British column, 'the front of which was only thirty feet distant from the piece.' A volley of musketry was fired. at the same instant and repeated in quick succession. This dreadful and, as to the battery, unexpected discharge killed Lieut.-Col. Shortt, and several of his brave followers, and wounded a great many more. Still undaunted, the men of the Forty-first, headed by another officer, advanced again to carry the masked six-pounder, from which another discharge of 'leaden slugs' aided by other volleys of musketry, was directed against them, and cleared the 'fatal ditch' a second time. It was in vain to contend further; and the British retired, with as many of their wounded as they could carry away."

Cot. Mitts STEPHENSON was born in the state of Delaware in 1774, and located in Mason County, Kentucky, in 1792. In 1794 he crossed to the Ohio side, and here, for a time, engaged in the Indian wars.

In 1800 he was married to Miss Jane Kilpatrick, wha was a daughter of Frank Ki'patrick, a native of Ireland. After emigrating to America, Mr. Kilpatrick, in 1791 came down the Ohio River in a flat boat with his two daughters, Isabelle and Jane, aged ten and twelve years respectively. When just above Limehe) stone, now Maysville, Ky., the Indians endeavored to decoy them ashore but failed in their attempt. They fired two shots. Both took effect, one entering his head and the other his heart, killing him instantly. The boat drifted into Limestone, where he was buried. His daughters were taken by Richard Applegate, of Mason County, Kentucky, and reared to womanhood.

Mills Stephenson was the father of five children, three sons and two daughters. Mrs. Jane Kilpatrick Stephenson died June 30, 1815. He afterwards married Mary Kiles, to which union three children were born. He served through the War of 1812 as colonel under General Harrison. He built Fort Stephenson at Lower Sandusky, and it was given his name.

After the War of 1812 he bought a farm and engaged in farming and boat building, loading and floating boats from Ripley to New Orleans, each trip disposing of his boat and returning home on foot. He died of swamp fever, at Shreveport, Louisiana, June 16, 1822, and was buried there.

Flood of 1833. In February, 1833, occurred the greatest flood ever before known on the Sandusky River. The ground was frozen and covered with deep snow, when several successive days of heavy rain set in and melted the snow. The combined waters from the rain and snow, no part of which could be absorbed by the frozen earth, was suddenly precipitated into the ice-covered river. The large bodies of ice up stream, were soon thereby loosened and raised and brought against the still firm ice below the village of Lower Sandusky, thus forming an ice-gorge, damming back the waters, which being thus turned from their channel, flowed over the valley, and formed a strong current several feet in depth down Front Street, so that canoes and skiffs were used to go from one part of the town to another for a period of about ten days.

All the flats of the village were overflowed and the homes filled with water and ice, thereby causing great suffering among the people of those parts of the village.

place and carried intact, down the river to a oe about midway between there and the ead of Brady Island, where it lodged, and after the flood subsided it was used asa footbridge until the spring' freshets came and carried it further down stream and broke it to pieces.

Flood of 1883. The conditions which caused the disastrous: flood of February 3, 1883, were similar to those of 1833, a half century previous. The river flowed with a mighty current through Front Street. Probably 500 homes. on the flats were. all surrounded by the flood and at least 2,000 people were driven from their homes. Those homes near the river were half submerged, and many of the inmates were rescued in boats.. Brave men. waded in water up to their shoulders, carrying women and children to places of safety. A freight train was precipitated through the L. S. & M. S. Railroad bridge, which was lifted from its foundations by the flood, and fell just as the train entered upon it. Two of the cars were deposited near the residence of C. H. Bell on State Street. One of the floating cars passed through the house of George Barkeimer. All the houses in the First Ward south of the Lake Shore Railroad were flooded and the occupants taken out in boats, many of them half. dead with cold and _ fright. through the Lake Shore "dry bridge' down Front Street, with fearful velocity, and the people on. the east side of Front Street, near the railroad, were rescued with great difficulty and lost most of their clothing, furniture and family stores. The loss to business houses and factories, as well-as to homes, was great. The damage in money was not less than $100,000, and that was not the worst of the damage, when homes were considered. There were drowned two citizens, one on the east side, Mrs. Burgess, and one on the west side, Patty Gleason.

depth, surrounding the homes. The scars on shade trees along the streets caused by the ice are yet visible as marks of the height of the flood. There were dozens of hair-breadth'escapes from drowning. Many of the families on the flats were rescued with the greatest difficulty. Some did not even awaken from their sleep until the water was a foot deep in their houses. Some families were taken out at the greatest peril as the current almost prevented Others could not possibly be removed until the water abated somewhat and were forced to take refuge on the roofs or in the second stories of their houses. Boats frequently capsized in the current and the occupants had narrow escapes from drowning. One family escaped the water by climbing into.a tree top. A relief committee composed of Gen. R. B. Hayes, W. E. Haynes, J. A. Higbee, J. M. Osborn and I. M. Keeler was appointed to report a plan for organized action of relief. Subscriptions were started for money, clothing and provisions. In a short time, over 700 persons and firms responded liberally. Seventeen gave $100 each, and others in proportion to their ability. About $4,000 in cash, besides large quantities of clothing, fuel and provisions of all kinds were contributed.

The committee on supplies were E. H. Underhill, chairman; C. Stausmyer, Henry Coonrod, J. W. Moore, George Krebs and T. F. Heffner, with headquarters at city hall, ground floor.

Many ladies of the city worked daily in making clothes, bedding, etc., for the destitute. The committee on distribution was composed of George Engler, A. Moos, E. Loudenslager, George Baker, John Hockenadel and John Ryan. To more than one thousand people relief was dispensed for nearly a week in the shape of food, clothing and other necessities.

Friday afternoon, February 2, 1883, it commenced snowing, and toward evening it turned to rain. This froze as it fell, and in the morning ground, trees and everything outdoors was covered with an inch or more of solid ice. Shade trees, the pride of the city, were unable to sustain their burden of ice, and huge ground. In many places the streets were entirely obstructed. The magnificent trees near the court house were nearly ruined, as were the trees all over the city. They cannot regain their lost beauty by many years of growth, if ever.

Orchards suffered terribly, especially the peach trees. In the woods the noise of the falling branches could only be compared to heavy cannonading by many batteries. Huge limbs falling from the tops of trees carried everything before them, leaving the trunks almost denuded. Telegraph and telephone wires broke under the burden of ice. Nearly all the poles along the Lake Shore road, which carry the Western Union wires, between Fremont and Norwalk were snapped off.

Floods of January, February and March, 1904. January 22, 1904, a flood very similar to the former floods before described occurred, and quite as disastrous in the damage to property and homies, but no lives were lost. The water lacked but little of reaching as high a point as in the former great floods.

The sufferers had not more than become settled again in their homes, from which they had been driven, when on February 7, the flood was repeated, and about equal to that of January 22. The same scenes of disaster were witnessed, and suffering endured as before.

And incredible as it may appear to the future inhabitants of the Sandusky. Valley, there came within a month a third flood with like results, to homes and property, as in its predecessors. This third one occurred March 2. The water did not rise quite so high as before, but the lower parts of the city on both sides of the river were submerged above the lower floors of the homes; and traffic was impossible on Front, Tiffin and South Streets and Bidwell Avenue on the west side, and on East State Street, together with Howland and the cross streets within the flats' Boats were in requisition to rescue inmates from their homes in many parts of the flooded districts. The water on State Street on each side, within the flats, was about two feet deep.

of all the great ice or sleet storms that ever visited the place. On all sides, wires and poles were down and telegraph and telephone companies could get no connection with nearby towns. The scenes about the city Sunday and Monday were mingled with grandeur and ruin. The storm reached the city at an early hour Sunday morning and continued more or less all day, and it was not long before all trees, wires, walks, buildings and poles were covered with a coating of ice an inch or more: thick. Then the weight began to tell and the cracking of broken limbs, the snapping of wires and breaking of the poles could be heard in all sections of the city, making it very dangerous for pedestrians to be on the walks or streets of the city. There were many narrow escapes but no one was injured.

The heaviest losers were, The Fremont Home Telephone Company, The Bell Telephone Company, and the Western Union Telegraph and Postal Telegraph Companies, and The Fremont Yaryan Company. |

From all reports, it was evident that Fremont and Sandusky County were the worst hit by the storm. The severest part of the storm seemed to be between Fremont and Genoa and Fremont and Norwalk. The damage done to the telephones, telegraphs and the Yaryan Companies ran into the thousands of dollars. In the parks and in the streets great damage was doné to the beautiful shade trees, for whick Fremont is noted.

The weather turned colder after the storm and the ice remained on the limbs and branches of the trees for several days, presenting a granc sight, indeed, but destructive in its effects Many fruit trees were badly injured. It wa: weeks before the telephones could be put ir good working order.

The Projected Fremont-Fostoria Electric Railway

At Fostoria, Sepember 28, 1909, the incor: poration papers were prepared and sent to Col umbus for the charter and work is to be pushec on the engineering and construction work. Th: incorporators are F. D. Carpenter, J. D. Mc Donel, F. R. Havens, A. H. Jackson an Charles Ash. The original plan was to ru the line on the north side of the L. E. & W and the right of way was all secured for this route. It has been decided that the south side of the road will be better and the old route has been abandoned and enough of the right-ofway secured to insure the getting of the remainder.

It is the intention of the company to complete the grading of the road yet this fall and if it is found possible to secure material and the weather will permit, to push the other construction work. A decision will be arrived at within ten days as to whether the work of construction will be done by contract or by the company as was done by the T., F. & F. on the northern extension of their line.

The building of the proposed line will close the gap between Cleveland and Cincinnati, by connecting the Lake Shore Electric, T., F. & F., and Western Ohio. The offices of the company will be in Fostoria and the power with which the cars will be operated will be furnished by the Lake Shore Electric, arrangements to this effect having been already made.

The following figures concerning distances down the Sandusky River were measured along the center of the channel from a survey made by Col. T. J. Crane, colonel of U. S. engineers, in 1866. The measurements begin at a point where is now located the Lake Erie & Western bridge and the distances to well known and familiar points along the river are as follows:

Center of Whitaker bar stretch, two and six-tenths miles; Nigger Bend, five and twotenths miles; Muscalonge Creek, five and fivetenths miles; Hineline's residence, six miles; Sharinon's residence, seven and _ twentyseven hundredth miles; Nickle's residence, eight and two-tenths miles; Willow Point, nine and four-tenths miles; Tuckerman's residence, nine and nine-tenths miles; Cochran's residence, ten and two-tenths miles; Wightman's grove, ten and eight-tenths miles; Ottawa Shooting Club, eleven and six-tenths miles; Dutch Gap, twelve and seven-tenths miles; Green Creek, thirteen and five-tenths miles; Squaw Island, fourteen and six-tenths miles; Lower end of Eagle Island, sixteen and eighttenths miles; Can Buoy, mouth of river, Sandusky Bay, seventeen and eight-tenths miles.

Gateway To Spiegel Grove, Harrison Trail

Spiegel Grove may in time become a mecca for lovers of American history, like Mt. Vernon, Monticello, and the Hermitage, preserved as they were in the time of their glory, when the old-fashioned hospitality was dispensed within the great house, by a great leader of his time. The gift of Col. Hayes will preserve for future generations, the only abiding place of the long line of Ohio presidents.

As before stated in this volume, Col. Hayes has given to the Ohio Archaeological society that portion of the old homestead property lying along Buckland Avenue, the main approach from the city, and including more than onehalf mile of the Harrison military road. The ptoperty will remain permanently under control of the society.

American history of the section around Spiegel Grove begins when it was the neutral town of the Erie Indians. One portion of the town was on each side of the river. Warriors of the contending tribes from the east could find refuge in the eastern town, and those fror: the western tribes in the opposite town. Erie passed between the two sections but gave nc word of the refugees on one side to those in the other town. It was so used when the Huron confederacy was destroyed by the Iroquois in 1650.

It was the furthermost western point reached by Colonial troops from New York, New Jersey and Connecticut under Israel Putnam, later the hero of Bunker Hill, and British troops under Colonel Bradstreet in their expedition against Chief Pontiac and the French in 1764. It was the site of the British post during the Revolution.

The old French and Indian trail which ran through Spiegel Grove extended from Franklinton, now part of Columbus, along the Scioto and Sandusky rivers to Lake Erie. Later it became a military road, used by General William Henry Harrison, founder of the line of Ohio presidents, who, for a time, had his headquarters in the War of 1812 in Franklinton.

'purchased by the state and made into a model highway. From Coiuimbus it passes through Delaware and Marion to Upper Sandusky ; to Fort Ball, now Tiffin; to Fort Seneca, on the Sandusky, where General Harrison made his permanent headquarters in the northwestern campaign, which resulted at Detroit in the final overthrow of British rule in the great western country. General Harrison's troops and Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry's fleet were co-operating in the campaign. When Perry won the last naval engagement between the two great English-speaking peoples, it was to Harrison that he sent his immortal message: "We have met the enemy and they are ours." Perry's vessels were used to transport Harrison's troops to Detroit. .

The road continued north from Fort Seneca to Fort Stephenson, at Lower Sandusky, as Fremont was known in the early days, to Port Clinton, near which are the ruins of the old Fort Sandusky of 1745. Across Sandusky Bay, or Lake Sandusky, was the French Fort Junundat, built in 1754.

Two large cannon erected by Col. Hayes mark the gateway of the trail and bear the following inscriptions: "Old French and Indian Trail, 1755;' '"Harrison's Military Trail, 1812." The Harrison Trail Gateway'is a memorial, copied after the principal gateway at the Arlington national cemetery, Washington. It consists of two ten-inch Rodman guns, weighing fifteen thousand pounds each, which have been placed on a cement foundation. They stand in an upright position with a fifteen-inch solid shot on top. The guns have been painted, black and the solid shot white. The guns were secured by Col. Hayes from'the United States, government, from Governor's Island, New York City, and the large expense in transportation and preparation of the foundation was borne by the Ohio Historical and Archaelogical society.

_ Col. Hayes presided and in a delightful and. informal manner introduced the speakers of. whom the first was Prof. George F. Wright, of, Oberlin, president of the Ohio State. Archaeological society. Admiral Clark succeeded Dr. Wright, and though his remarks were brief, he said some very important things: and pleased the old soldiers immensely in the short, address. Hon. E. O. Randall, of Columbus, a reporter of the Ohio supreme court and secretary of the State Historical and Archaelogical Society, was the principal speaker, relative to the dedication of the Gateway and history of the trail.

The reunion of Col. .R. B. Hayes' regiment, the 23d O. V. I., was held in connection with the ceremonies of the Trail Gateway dedication, rendering the occasion doubly interesting . and memorable. i

The Ladies' Soldiers' Aid Society, Clyde, Ohio, was organized September 5, 1862, with Mrs. N. P. Birdseye, president; Mrs. Bement, vice-president; Mrs. Frances A. Tuttle, secretary, and Mrs. Amanda Birdseye, treasurer. The directors were Mesdames Owen, Stark, Weaver, McMillan and Mary Jackson. Amon others of the ladies active in the society's carey and noble work were Mesdames Eaton, Wales, Stilson, Hess, McPherson, Perin, Wottring, Sutton, Ramsey and Gates. The society still exists, but many of the early members have passed away. This society 'rendered efficient

Pioneer Reunion

At the annual picnic of the Sandusky County Pioneer and Historical Association, 'held at. Fremont, September 8, 1909, the following persons, 65 years of age and: over, were present and registered: :

The River Of Time

"How the winters are drifting, like flakes of snow, And the summers, like buds between; And the year in the sheaf - so they come and they go, On the river's breast flow. As it glides in the shadow and sheen.

"There's a magical isle up the river of Time, Where the softest of airs are playing; There's a cloudless sky and a tropical clime, And a song as sweet as a vesper chime, And the Junes with the roses are staying. See SE a "There are hands that are waved, when the fairy shore By the mirage is lifted in air; And we sometimes hear, through the turbulent roar, Sweet voices we heard in the days gone before When the wind down the river is fair."

Peter Beaugrand, M.D. Representative Citizens

PETER BEAUGRAND, M. D., for seventy years a medical practitioner and enjoying the distinction of being the oldest member of his profession in the State of Ohig, has spent eighty-six years of his life, with but few interruptions, in Fremont, having been brought to Lower Sandusky, by his parents, in 1823. Dr. Beaugrand was born August 26, 1814, at Detroit, Michigan, his mother's native city. His parents were John B. and Margaret (Chabert) Beaugrand.

In 1760, the Beaugrand family was founded in the Dominion of Canada, by the grandfather of Dr. Beaugrand, James Baptiste Beaugrand, an Indian trader and merchant, who came from _ Bordeaux, France. In 1768 he lived at Three Rivers, Canada, at which place and in that year occurred the birth of his son, John B. Beaugrand. The latter also became a merchant and Indian trader. Prior to the War of 1812 he located at Detroit, Michigan, later moved to Maumee and during the invasion of that city his place of business was destroyéd by fire. He continued his mercantile pursuits in Detroit until 1822, when he came to Ohio, and after one year he sent for his family. It requires but a few words to state that fact, but the journey, as recalled by Dr. Beaugrand, was one of danger and hardship. It was in the first week of January, 1823, and a sleigh was the conveyance selected, the proposed trip being on the ice on Lake Erie. Travel in this way was not 'unusual and for many months was entirely safe, but this was one of the exceptional occasions and, although the trip was taken along the shore, the ice gave way and the horses and sleigh broke through and the party was only saved from drowning by fortunately being near land at the mouth of the Tous-Sainte River. Dr. Beaugrand has frequently pointed ont, to those interested, the very spot on which the family landed and where they built a great fire and became dry and warm enough to enable them to complete the journey by land.

Dr. Beaugrand recalls also the courage and resourcefulness of his venerated mother, who, on this occasion, as on many others, was the leading spirit in all that concerned the safety and comfort of the party. This mother, Margaret Chabert, was born February 26, 1781, and died May 12, 1859. She was one of the finest types of the women of her day. The warmth and cordial hospitality of the home over which she presided, the dignity of her mien, the loving care which she gave her large family, together with the unselfish charity she displayed, up to the close of her beneficent life, are well known to all who are familiar with the early days of this city. Her memory is recalled and her beautiful life commemorated by the oil painting which is one of the notable adornments of the public library at Fremont.

Of the ten children born to John B. and Margaret Beaugrand, Dr. Peter Beaugrand is the only survivor. James A., the youngest, died in 1906. One sister was the wife of Hon. Rodolphus Dickinson, Member of Congress. All of the family who survived infancy, became more or less prominent.

hood, and when eighteen years of age enjoyed one term'in Wells academy in Detroit, Michigan. By 1833 he had decided upon his life work and entered the office of Dr. B. and Dr. L. Q. Rawson, at Findlay, and during the winter of 1835-6, he attended medical lectures at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, at Fairfield, Herkimer County, New York, and later the Ohio Medical College, at Cincinnati, Ohio, graduating at the latter institution in 1845. As early as 1834 he had commenced to practice, at Lower Sandusky, and the success that crowned his earnest efforts from the beginning, proved an encouragement as he continued. In 1864 he was appointed surgeon of the 169th O. V. I., which was sent to Fort Ethan Allen, Virginia. Dr. Beaugrand served there in that regiment, for 100 days. With that exception, his absences from Fremont have not been of long duration, consisting mainly of attendance upon some medical gathering, or as a consulting physician in some desperate case. Not frequently is found a man of his years yet in active business, and still less frequently one whose profession has required such scientific training, such drafts made on strength and endurance, and such calls upon his sympathy. However, in his pleasant home and book-lined office, at No. 223 East State Street, this Nestor of his profession may be found daily, just as alert, just as discerning, and necessarily more skillful, than sixty years ago. He numbers among his patients members of the families with which he has been closely identified during almost the whole of his professional career, and the circle of his personal friends each year has widened. His long life has spanned the most important period of his country's history, and in all her progress, civilization and development, he has taken a deep interest.

HON. JOHN J. LEHMAN, whose public services as a member of the Ohio State Legislature, have given him deserved distinction, is a prominent patent attorney at Fremont, of which city he has been a resident for a num- ber of years. Mr. Lehman was born. on his father's farm in Sandusky County, Ohio, October 4, 1863, and is a son of Leodegar L. and Barbara (Staub) Lehman. °

The father of Mr. Lehman was born in Germany in 1821, and the mother was born on the Atlantic Ocean, in 1832. The father was brought to America in 1833, and to Sandusky County in 1834. His active years were passed in agricultural pursuits and he still survives, having reached his eighty-eighth year. His family numbered eleven children.

University, at Ada, Ohio, where he prepared for teaching and for some subsequent years spent his winters as a pedagogue and worked on the home farm during the summers. He was considered an excellent teacher and for two years served as principal of the schools at Rising Sun, Ohio. During this time he made his preparatory studies in law and was admitted to the bar on October 4, 1894. Following a short practice at Fostoria, he came to Fremont and for years has been a leading member of her bar, paying particular attention to pension and patent claims. Early taking an interest in public affairs, he identified himself with the - Democratic party and ever since has been an influential member of that organization in this section of Ohio. His loyalty and efficiency have been frequently recognized and he was elected to township offices when little more than a youth. In later years higher honors were accorded him and in 1go1 he was first brought forward by his party as its candidate for Representative. His defeat was by the small majority of thirty-one votes. In 1903 his party again brought him out and the result was his election over his former opponent, Hon. E..} Re: "Tyler; .-by.3a >plurality of tianee His course in the House of Representatives met with the approval of his constituents and he was reelected. The records show how ear-. nestly he sought to promote wise legislation and how high an estimate was placed upon his knowledge, judgment and experience. He

_ On October 16, 1894, Mr. Lehman was married to Miss Lillian B. Fry, who is a daughter of Jacob and Eliza Fry, and they have four children: Lester, Ruth E., William Elbert and John F. The family home is one of Fremont's beautiful residences. Mr. Lehman maintains his law office in the First National Bank Building. With his family he belongs to the Roman Catholic Church.

Mr. Lehman has been closely occupied for years in public matters but he has never forgotten his duties as a public-spirited citizen of Fremont and has ever been ready to lend a helpful influence to develop it in every desirable direction. He is identified with a number of fraternal bodies including: the Knights of Columbus, the Modern Woodmen, the Maccabees, the Woodmen of the World, the Catholic Mutual Benefit Association and the Home Guards.

WILLIAM O. DIPMAN, manager of the Zorn-Hornung elevator at Gibsonburg, Ohio, and clerk of the city council, is one of the representative citizens of this section. He was born January 6, 1855, at Fremont, Sandusky County, Ohio, and is a son of John F. and Sarah (Wegstein) Dipman.

John F. Dipman was born in Saxony, Germany, and he accompanied his parents to America in 1853. They settled at Fremont and near that city John F. Dipman has passed all his subsequent life, except three years when he worked as a carpenter, in Tennessee. In his day he was considered a: very skilled workman. For twenty-two years he has been sexton of

William O. Dipman was educated in the schools of Fremont and at Oberlin College and afterward he taught school in Harris Township, Ottawa County, for a time, subsequently purchasing a farm of forty acres in Washington Township, Sandusky County, settling on it after his marriage. Later he moved to near Helena and from there, in 1900, to Gibson- burg, where he went into the business of weaving carpets which he continued until he became manager and overseer of the Zorn-Hornung elevator. As a business man Mr. Dipman is held in very high regard and his practical qualities are shown in the efficient manner in which he discharges his present duties. He is a sound Democrat and his good citizenship has been recognized on many occasions when he has been called on to accept township offices. He served three years as a trustee of Washington Township and nine years as a member of the School Board and for six years has been town clerk of Gibsonburg.

On February 6, 1879, Mr. Dipman was married to Miss Margaret Smith, a daughter of Richard and Elizabeth (Nachbar) Smith, and they have had the following children: Henry A., who is a teacher at Appleton, Wisconsin, married Emma Schoen and they have two children - Harold and Winnefred; Clara Emma, who married Emanuel Paul, of Gibsonburg, has one child, Margaret Lucile; Estella and Laura, both of whom are self-supporting ; Carl, who graduated from the Gibsonburg public schools, and is now engaged as a teacher in Woodville Township; Lucy and Bertha, who are at school; and Florence, still at home. Mr. Dipman and family are members of the Lutheran Church.

C. W. STIERWALT,, secretary of the Simple Account Sales Book Company, and also a member of the city council of Fremont, Ohio, is a thoroughly representative citizen and is valued as such. He was born July 15, 1871, at Fremont, and is a son of Jonathan and Mary Margaret (Wise) Stierwalt.

Jonathan. Stierwalt was of German extraction. He was born in Pennsylvania but spent the larger part of his life in Ohio, his parents moving to Fremont in his boyhood. For many years he was a contractor and builder in this city, and died here April 30, 1896.

C. W. Stierwalt was educated in the Fremont schools and took a commercial course in the Eastman College at Poughkeepsie, New York. After his return he worked as a bookkeeper with Fremont business houses, and prior to taking his commercial course had served in that capacity very acceptably for a year, forthe Fremont Savings Bank. For three years he was bookkeeper for the Lehr Agricultural Implement Works and for the last fourteen years has been identified with his present company. He went into this house first as shipping clerk, later was advanced to be bookkeeper and subsequently became a stockholder and secretary.

Mr. Stierwalt is serving in his first-term as a member of the city council, at large, elected to this office on the Democratic ticket. Careful, conservative and persevering in his own affairs, his presence on the council board gives promise of excellent public service. He is identified with the Masonic fraternity.

WILLIAM E. CRISMORE, M. D., physician and surgeon at Helena, Ohio, was born April 10, 1872, at Wooster, Wayne County, Ohio, and is a son of Dr. James Madison and Lucy (Carbaugh) Crismore.

father had been engaged in the practice of law in Boston, later moved to Wayne County, Ohio, and died there in 1846, He left two sons, James Madison and Wesley. The latter resides at Wooster and has four children: Aggie, who married Scott Rex, a lawyer at Grand Forks, North Dakota; Reddie, who lives at Willoughby, Ohio, has one daughter; Gertrude, who is the wife of the cashier of a bank at Grand Forks, North Dakota; and Arlow, who resides with his parents at Wooster. Dr. James M. Crismore was a prominent physician for many years. He was a graduate of the Eclectic Medical Institute of Cincinnati and of the Western Reserve College at Cleveland. He came to Helena in 1876, from Wooster, Ohio, and continued in the active practice of his profession until his death. He was known for his medical skill all over Sahdusky County. In both branches of Odd Fellowship he was prominent, belonging also to the Maccabees, and was examiner for almost all the insurance. com- panies doing business in this section. In politics he was a staunch Republican. He united with the Methodist Episcopal Church at Wooster and was ever a consistent member of that body. He was married at Marshallville, Ohio, in 1867, to Miss Lucy Carbaugh, who still survives, residing with her son, Dr. William E. Crismore, at Helena. She was born in December, 1850. There were six children born to Dr. James M. Crismore and wife, namely: Alice, William E., Permelia, Matthew, Reba and Elizabeth. Alice died when aged 15 years, Reba died in infancy and Matthew died from the effects of an accident. Permelia is the widow of Paul Snyder and has one daughter, Lucy. Elizabeth married Asa Smith and they reside at Prairie Depot, Wood County, Ohio, and have four children,

William E. Crismore was 7 years old when his parents came to Helena. After completing the common school course he entered Heidelberg College, at Tiffin, where he spent two years and then took a scientific course at the Ohio Normal University at Ada, later graduating in the classical course at the Ohio Normal School at Lebannon. He then spent four years in medical study at the Eclectic Medical Institute of Cincinnati, and graduated with credit on June 5, 1895, one in a class of forty- eight years was associated in practice with his father. In 1903 he went to Genoa, where he practiced until 1906 and then' returned to Helena and has remained here until the present. He still owns property at Genoa but makes He is

JACOB. R. BILLOW, an enterprising citizen and a successful agriculturist of. Sandusky Township, residing on his valuable farm of eighty-five acres, situated in Section 26, was born in Rice Township, Sandusky County, Ohio, August 25, 1871, and is a son of Jacob and Elizabeth, (Odermot) Billow. Both parents of. Mr. Billow were born in Germany and were brought to America and San-