Monroe Township (part 2 of 3)

She says the VanBuskirk mill was a log concern, and not much of a mill at the beginning. The Indians had an encampment a short distance beyond the mill, and were to be seen in town every day. They frequently got drunk and made trouble. This VanBuskirk mill was rebuilt about 1830; the present frame structure was then erected by Bradley Buckingham, who was among the earliest merchants of Newark, and a man of wealth. He was probably a partner, at that time, of the VanBuskirk's. This mill always did a large business, and was run exclusively by water-power until two or three* years ago, when steam was added. It is now owned by Mr. Montgomery.

" In addition to the old jail the square contained another building of great importance to the pioneers, this was the first court house, probably erected in 1809 or 1810. It was a he wed-log building, and was said to contain but one room, with no floor for some time after it was erected, and thrf seats were slabs, laid upon logs. In this building, which stood just north of, the present building, were held the first meetings of the settlers. Probably the first schools were taught here and the first religious meetings held - or at least among the first. No doubt the earliest religious meetings were held in the open air and in the cabins of the pioneers.

Among the first school-teachers were James Maxwell, who came with John I^arabee in 1801, to the Licking valley; Archibald Wilson, jr., Samuel English and a Mr. Mills. Maxwell was somewhat noted as a song singer. It is said he could sing a different song for each day in the year. He was elected the first constable in this territory in January, 1802, and made school-teaching his business. He married a c^ughter of Elias Hughes.

One of the first schools was taught by Archibald Wilson, jr., on the south side of the square, in a cabin that had been used as a dwelling; and another by Samuel English near the Gault tavern. The. first house erected for a school-house was a log building on the corner of Main and Fourth streets. A grocery now occupies the corner. Hosmer Curtis was one of the early teachers in

[ this house. Later, Mr. Mills taught school on Church street, just west of the Second Presbyterian church, in a cabin that had been used as a dwell- I ing. John Johnson, the two Mrs. Haugheys and John Cunningham were pupils here at one time. Mrs. Haughey remembers attending school about one and a half miles north of the town on Mt. Vernon road, in a cabin erected for a schoolhouse; probably the first erected in this vicinity. She thinks this antedates the one erected in town. The railroad now passes over the spot where this building stood. Later, between 1815 and 1820, Rev. Thomas Baird was an efficient teacher here. His school was in the Newman tavern.

Prior to 1848, the schools of Newark, as of other towns in Ohio,' were in a rudimentary condition. It would seem that less progress was made in this most important branch of civilization than any other, and this, perhaps, the most important of all. For years after the first settlement of the county, the only schools were "subscription" schools, which were established in some deserted cabin or barn, by SQme individual who considered himself competent, without preparation or examination, and constituted himself a committee of one to establish a school and keep it (not teach it) according to his own benighted ideas. There were certainly exceptions; some of the teachers were competent and educated, but the majority were not; and # there was a time, probably within the memory of the "oldest inhabitant," when there was no such thing as public money for school purposes; hence, if the pioneers attempted to educate their children they must send them to one of these " select " schools and pay the tuition out of their own pockets to the teachers. This tuition usually amounted to two or three dollars per scholar for a term of three months. The would-be teacher went around with a paper, to which those who desired his services would attach their names, with the amount to be paid set opposite. This amount was collected by the teacher himself during and at the close of the term.

When public funds were obtainable for school purposes, there was a little improvement in the schools. School-houses were erected, teachers hired, who were required to present to the directors a certificate of qualification, and the schools were regularly maintained a certain portion of every year - usually three or four months in the summer and the same time in the winter. This system of teaching was universal, and continued with little improvement nearly half a century, and the greater number of the great men of the State and Nation received the rudiments of their education, and all the education they ever received inside of a school-house, from this system of teaching.

February 5, 1825, the general assembly' passed an act empowering the school board to levy a tax of one-half mill on the dollar to be appropriated to the use of common schools. All the funds coming into the hands of the school board, other than these, were raised by direct taxation, and authorized only by a majority of the qualified voters within the district limits. When these funds were exhausted the schools were closed. The teachers were poorly paid, and, according to the general custom, "boarded round." All the children within the district limits between the ages of four and twenty-one years, were privileged to attend these schools. The branches taught were reading, spelling, writing, arithmetic, and further along, English grammar. I^ter still, philosophy, algebra, and other branches of study were introduced.

Newark, probably, made greater effort to establish good schools than most other towns of its size. This was, probably, owing somewhat to the fact of the early establishment of Granville college; New- ark did not like to be outdone in this respect by her sister town. In 1837 or 1838, a Miss Stimpson established the "Newark seminary for young ladies." This was worthy to be called a "select" school. And at the same time the "Newark high school" was opened for the reception of pupils, being conducted by Mr. R. K. Nash, and controlled by a board of trustees composed of Asa Beckwith, A. Brown, E. S. Woods, James Young, and George M. Young. The tuition fees were, reading, writing and arithmetic, six dollars per term of twenty-two weeks; English grammar and the higher branches of mathematics, eight dollars per term, and the languages ten dollars. The school-room was over A. Beckwith's store. This school was continued during 1839, under the superintendence of Messrs. Smith and Cochran.

In 1848 an important change occurred. The schools were reorganized under what is known as the "Akron law," which is the foundation of the present school system in the State.

At a meeting of the teachers and others interested in education, held in the First Presbytetian church of Newark, February 28, 1848, it was resolved to organize into what was called "The Edu cational society of Newark township," and to invite all others interested, to co-operate with them. At this meeting, a committee, consisting of A. W. Dennis, Isaac Smucker, and L. P. Coman, was appointed to draft resolutions. This committee reported the following, which were unanimously adopted :

" Resolved , That in our opinion teachers' institutes are tbc most efficient means of improving the teachers, and through them the common schools of the State, and the best calculated to render the profession of school-teaching more elevating and dignified.

" Resolved , That we heartily respond to the arrangement made by the executive committee of the State Teachers' association, to hold a teachers' institute in this county commencing on the twenty-seventh of March next, that we will procure a suitable building, and provide means toward defraying the expenses of the session, and we earnestly solicit teachers aim friends of education in other townships in the county to cooperate with us in this matter, and that a committee be appointed to make arrangements for holding the institute in tbr town of Newark."

After the adoption of resolutions and the transaction of other business, the following gentlemen were chosen officers of the society: Rev. Alex

As a result of this movement, the institute which followed, March 27, was well attended, and characterized by a lively interest in the cause ot public schools. Mr. M. F. Cowdry, president ot the executive committee of the State Teachers' association, and Mr. Ix)rin Andrews, served in the capacity of lecturers during the week of the institute, at the close of which a series of fifteen resolutions was adopted, setting forth the opinion of those in attendance, looking toward a more efficient system of public scools, a more thorough preparation of teachers, and a wider range in the course of studies.

1848, a committee of twelve was appointed to circulate a petition to the town council for the purpose of securing signatures of such of the qualified voters as were in favor of extending the provisions of the Akron law to this town. This petition received about four hundred and fifty signatures, almost a unanimous consent of the voters then within the corporation.

July 20th a notice was issued by the mayor, A. H. Caffee, that an election would be held August 1 2th following, for the purpose of electing six school directors for the town, in conformity with an act amendatory to the Akron school law, and applicable to this town. This election resulted in the choice of Israel Dille, Isaac Smucker, Samuel I). King, Adam Fleek, Abner W. Dennis and Joshua Gibbs as the first school boafd of Newark, under the organization of the graded plan. The organization was further perfected at a meeting held August 16th, at which the oath of office was administered by Samuel H. Bancroft, a justice of the peace, and the following members were chosen officers of the board: Samuel D. King, president; A. W. Dennis, secretary; and Adam Fleek, treasurer. A. W. Dennis and Israel Dille were appointed a committee of correspondence. Messrs. Dille, Smucker and Gibbs were appointed a committee to procure rooms suitable for school purposes; divide the town into districts for primary schools; learn what number of pupils would want instruction in the higher branches, and make such other arrangements for the year as the schools might require. Correspondence was opened at once with school officers at Lockport and Utica, New York, Akron, Ohio, and others in different parts of the country.

The town council was notified to appoint school examiners, as required by law, and Messrs. Dille and Dennis were appointed a committe to draft rules and regulations for the government of school boards and schools.

"Candidates for the office of teacher, under the supervision of the Board of Education of the town of Newark, are hereby notified that an examination of such candidates will be holden at ten o'clock A. M., on Wednesday, the eighth instant, in the basement of the Episcopal church.

November 16, 1848, the committee appointed to rent rooms for the use of schools organized on the graded plan, reported the following, which was accepted:

"School-house in rear of the First Presbyterian church, at one hundred dollars a year; room in the basement of the Methodist church, on Fourth street, at four dollars a month ; room in the basement of the Episcopal church, at four dollars a month ; school-room in rear of the Welsh church, at three dollars a month; house owned by Joel Arnold, corner of Fifth and Main streets, at one and one-half dollars a month; house of Israel Dille, on East Main street, at three dollars per month ; two rooms in front of the Franklin house, east side of public square, at five dollars a month ; room of A. J. Smith, in Appolo building, at twenty-five dollars a year; also two small buildings formerly used as school-houses, one on Walnut street, and the other in East Newark. The same committee also reported that the furniture and stoves necessary to furnish the rooms would probably cost one hundred and fifty dollars."

The following is the corps of teachers employed and the salary of each: L. P. Coman, superintendent of all the schools and principal of the high school, salary six hundred dollars; L. W. Gilbert, first assistant, salary twenty-six dollars a month; Miss Sophronia Hines, salary twenty-two dollars a month; Miss Cornelia Curtis, sixteen dollars a month ; J. C. Miller, first assistant in the secondary department, salary twenty-four dollars a month; Miss Susan Bushnell, Miss Caroline Carter, Miss Amelia L. Ellis and Miss Caroline Seymour, in secondary department, salary sixteen dollars a month each; Miss Elizabeth Morgan, Miss Sophia Carter, Miss Mary Dunham and Miss Lydia M. Little, in the primary department, salary sixteen dollars a month each.

September 18, 1849, board of education adopted a complete course of studies, the schools having previously been named and classified with respect to time as follows:

"Primary school embracing four years; secondary school embracing four years, and high school embracing four years. The course of studies for the primary and secondary grades embraced all the common branches, and natural history the last year of the secondary course, making this the preparatory year for admission into the high school. The high school course included English grammar, composition, vocal music, rhetoric, botany, United States history, mental philosophy, logic, bookkeeping, higher arithmetic, algebra, geometry, trigonometry, chemistry, geology, Greek and Latin."

The following is taken from the first annual report of the board of education, after its organization under the Akron law, to the council, for the years 1848-9, elated February 19, 1850:

" During the first quarter, twelve schools were taught, consisting of six primary, four secondary and two departments of the high school, male and female. In these schools fourteen teachers were employed, including the superintendent, three male and eleven female. During the second quarter the same number of schools were taught, and thirteen teachers were employed, the services of the assistant female teacher in the female department of the high school having been dispensed with on the ground that an assistant teacher in this school was not absolutely necessary.

"The number of scholars enrolled during the winter quarter was three hundred and ninety-five males and three hundred and twenty-seven females; total seven hundred and twenty-two. The average daily attendance was two hundred and eighty-four males and two hundred and forty females. The number enrolled during the summer quarter was two hundred and twentynine males and two hundred and seventy-five females. The average daily attendance was one hundred and forty-two males and one hundred and ninety-two females.

"Amount collected from common school fund, United States military fund, county duplicates, delinquent school-house tax, and all other sources, two thousand nine hundred and thirty-one dollars, eighty-three cents and three mills; amount paid teachers, for rent, for fuel, foi furniture and other miscellaneous items, two thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight dollars and fifty-two cents; balance in treasury, seventy-three dollars thirty-one cents and three mills.

"The most serious difficulty the board had to encounter during the year was the want of suitable school rooms, as they were under the necessity of relying solely on the rent of such rooms as could be obtained. Many of them are inconvenient as to location, unpleasant, and in many instances uncomfortable. Another difficulty was the classification of the scholars. When the town is supplied with convenient and well arranged school-houses, this important part of our schools may be improved.

' * As the whole amount of school fund accruing to the town, under the general school law, and received into the treasury, was deemed insufficient to keep up the schools nine months in the year, the board was under the necessity of making an assessment for this purpose on each scholar whose parents or guardians were considered able to pay, taking special care not to exclude any who were justly entitled to free admission.

"As to the erection of a new building, it was first supposed that six or more primary school-houses, located in different parts of the town, would be first needed, but since they have effected a classification of scholars, and better understand tber wants, they are of opinion that the interests of the schools require that a central school-house be first erected for the accommodation of the secondary and high school scholars.

* ' When the town is supplied with suitable and well arranged school-houses, the board confidently believe that our public schools may be made equal to any schools in the State, either select or public, that the youth may be educated at much less expense in public than select schools, and that a large amount of money heretofore sent to other towns, for educational purposes, will be retained here for the improvement of our towr, and for the benefit of common schools.

"Although the board have had an arduous duty to perform in organizing and classifying the several schools, they take pleasure in stating that the success of our common schools during the year may, in a measure, be ascribed to the common setae liberality of the citizens of Newark, for the last of which no better evidence need be required than that they contributed from private sources nearly twelve hundred dollars for the support of the public schools."

At the regular meeting in May, 1850, the board entered into contract with Messrs. H. Rogers and S. Ferguson for the erection of what is known as the Central school building on Church street, at a cost of twelve thousand dollars. Said building was to be two stories high, eighty feet long and sixty feet wide ; to contain two school-rooms in basement, eight school-rooms, one office and one recitation room in the superstructure, and to be ready for occupancy at the opening of the schools in the fall of 1851. In 1854 the capacity of the central building not being sufficient for the accommodation of the pupils then in the schools, a third story, containing four school-rooms, and one recitation room was added to it

Since the erection of this building, substantial two-story primary buildings were erected in Ease South and West Newark. A handsome two-ston building, containing ample corridors, one office and eight well arranged and furnished schoolrooms, with cloak-rooms connected, and all wanned with steam heating apparatus, was completed in September, 1875, *n North Newark.

The following is a tabular form of the more im- I portant statistics since 1855, showing the growth and improvement of the schools, and the increase | of funds expended for their support:

The Press of Newark. - The Newark Advocate was the first paper printed in Licking county. It was started in 1820, by Mr, Benjamin Briggs, of Fayette county, Pennsylvania. He continued its publication until August, 1856, a period of thirtysix years, when he sold it to Mr. W. D. Morgan. Mr. Morgan conducted it until January, 1865, when he transferred it to Mr. Lewis Glessner, who published it until April, 1866. Mr. W. W. Kingsbury became owner at this latter date, and remained sole proprietor until April, 1867, when he formed a partnership with W. D. Morgan, one of its former conductors. Mr. Kingsbury died in September, 1875, and the paper was continued by Mr. Morgan alone until March 10, 1880, when it was purchased by the present proprietor, J. A. Caldwell.

The Advocate supported Henry Clay for president in 1824; General Jackson in 1828 and 1832; Martin Van Buren in 1836 and 1840; James K. Polk in 1844; Lewis Cass in 1848; Franklin Pierce in 1852; James Buchanan in 1856; John C. Breckenridge in i860; General George B. Mc- Clellan in 1864 ; Horatio Seymour in 1868 ; Horace Greely in 1872; Samuel J. Tiiden in 1876, and Winfield S. Hancock in 1880. It has been pubshed sixty years, and has been consistent as well as persistent in its advocacy of Democratic principles and in its support of Democratic candidates.

Its first editor, Mr. Briggs, was a clear, forcible writer, much given to the use of strong Saxon words that vigorously expressed his ideas, and he never wrote without having ideas to convey. He ' wrote carefully, slowly, scarcely with ordinary facility, but his manuscripts were remarkably correct as to orthography, and were short, generally amounting to less than a column. It was his practice to put his editorials (especially the shorter ones) in type without writing them. When he chose to be vituperative he generally succeeded. During his long residence in Newark he was a prominent citizen, and was identified with every project that tended to the advancement and welfare of the place and its people. He held various public trusts, being elected mayor of the city, and to both branches of the State legislature; he was also postmaster some years. Upon retiring from editorial life he removed to Washington city, where he spent several years. Death overtook him in his sixty-eighth year.

The second paper started in Newark was called the Newark Gazette. Its first issue was by Rufus Henry & Company, late in 1827, and it was devoted to the advocacy of the election of John Quincy Adams to the Presidency. Dr. Daniel Marble was the company; he edited the paper and Mr. Henry printed it. In 1837 Mr. Clark Dunham became proprietor and remained such about ten years, except during the year 1841, when George M. Young and Samuel White were editors and proprietors. Messrs. George P. Conrad and William Richards succeeded Mr. Dunham about 1847. In 1852 Michael P. Brister purchased the Gazette and changed its name to the Newark Times. He devoted it to Americanism a year or two, and sold it, in 1855, to A. W. Stevens, who changed its name to the North American , and published it as a Republican paper about three years and then sold it to S. G. Arnold. W. C. Gray and M. L. Wilson continued the paper as the True American in 1863 and 1864. In 1865 McAdam & Lee bought it. About a year after Major Caffrey and Dr. T. B. Hood became the owners. Hood soon retired, and, in 1868, the concern was purchased by M. L. Wilson and A. B. Clark. During the following year Henry I. King purchased Mr. Wilson's interest, and Mr. Clark, in turn, purchased Mr. King's interest in 1873. ^ he latter conducted the paper

The Newark Gazette was the organ of the Whig party in this county, and as such supported Henry Clay for President in 1832; General Harrison in 1836 and 1840; issuing, in addition, the Harriso - nian in 1840, and the Kickapoo in 1844, as campaign papers, both in the interest of General Harrison. They were made up principally of the Gazette editorials. In 1844 the Gazette advocated the election of Henry Clay again ; General Taylor in 1848, and General Scott in 1852. Soon after this the Whig party expired, and the successor of the Newark Gazette , being now called the North American , sustained the candidate of the Republican party, Colonel J. C. Fremont, for President The Newark American has since been the organ of the Republican party here, supporting all the Republican candidates for the Presidency since the organization of that party. Under its present management it is, probably, the best conducted and most ably edited county paper in central Ohio.

The Constitutionalist was the next paper started in Newark. The first number was issued in 1837, by Rankin & Stadden, and supported the Democratic doctrines. Colonel William Spencer, Colonel Boring, W. P. Morrison, and John R. Petit were, at different times, associate proprietors with Stadden after Rankins' death in 1840, until late in 1843, and Abijah Baker and Messrs. George H. and C. B. Flood took a hand in the editorial management of it.

A campaign paper called th z Rasp was issued in 1840 from the Constitutionalist office. Both papers advocated the re-election of Martin Van Buren to the Presidency.

About 1842 a paper was issued from the Gazette office, called The Laborer ; it was edited by James Sloan, and advocated protective tariff notions. It lived about three months.

Late in 1843, Mr. Jacob Glessner purchased the Constitutionalist and changed its name to the Licking Herald. He remained the sole proprietor, supporting James K. Polk for President in 1844, until 1848, when he sold out to J. C. Springer. In 1850, Messrs. Harvey C. Blackman & Company bought it and supported Franklin Pierce for President in 1852. Soon after the election a Mr. Colburn owned it awhile. William Parr was proprietor in 1853, and E. J. Ellis then conducted it, except during a brief interval in 1856. Mr. Bristor having disposed of the Times bought the Herald of Mr. Ellis, changed the name to the Newark Times and published it as a Democratic paper a few months, flying the flag of James Buchanan for President. Mr. Brister's death occurred before the election, but the Times was continued as a neutral or independent paper, devoted to news, miscellany and reform, by Mrs. Brister. It was discontinued in 1859.

advocated the principles of the Oriental Evanic order, and, though ably edited, it was short lived. It was the organ of the Newark Evanics, and of the "Concilium," the knighthood branch of the order.

The Voice of the People was started as a Douglas paper in i860, by John H. Putnam, and was a squatter sovereignty advocate until the summer of 1861, when its editor "went to the wars," and his paper was swallowed up by the Advocate.

In 1863, Asa L. Harris began the publication of the Licking Record in this city. It was devoted to Republicanism, but was short lived, enduring about a year.

In 1862, a campaign paper, styled the True Democrat , was published a few months. It advocated the election of an independant ticket, put in the field against the regularly nominated Democratic ticket. The paper was edited at first by a Mr. Whitely, and at last by Mr. Peter Long. Its ticket was defeated, and the True Democrat was discontinued.

James White and Dr. Tuller, in 1861-2 published a small semi-monthly paper called the Sower, at fifty cents a year. It advocated the three leading doctrines of the New Church, viz: First, that God is one in essence and in person, and that Jesus Christ is that one: Second, that the word of God is divine wisdom, and, therefore, the eternal fountian of divine truth: Third, that a life,

It is also worthy of mention that M. L Wilson, at long intervals, got out an advertising sheet1; sometimes it took the shape of a holiday paper, especially about Christmas and New Years. He also issued a fifty cent paper at intervals of a month or thereabouts, ^called Papers by the Way This was made up of the matter of the American.

Spy was issued "semi-occasionally." It was devoted to fun. The Monthly Voice, a Swedenborgian Sunday-school paper was also issued many years ago, by M. L. Wilson. It lived a year or more.

In 1878, a paper, called the National Advance, was issued by T. O' Donovan. It was a stock concern and advocated the principles of the National party. About a year later it was purchased by O' Donovan & Kuster, who changed the name to the Newark Democrat , it also became a Democratic paper. It was purchased by the proprietor of the Advocate, in the spring of 1880, and discontinued.

In the spring of 1880, Rev. O. J. Nave began the issue of the Newark Pastoral, a paper devoted to the interests of the Methodist church. It was discontinued late in 1880.

A second attempt has been made to start a daily paper, and the first number of the Newark Morning News was issued June 7, 1880. It was conducted by Charles F. Dutcher until August 9, 1880, when it passed into the hands of Messrs. Stephens & Fant. It is Democratic.

In the spring of 1880, it began to dawn upon the Germans that they were in sufficient force in this city and county to sustain a paper printed in their own language; accordingly the first number of the Newark Express made its appearance June 25, 1880. It is Democratic in politics, and is edited by F. Kochendorfer, who is also a teacher in the public schools.

It will be observed that Newark has, at present, four papers - one daily and five weeklies, viz: The Advocate, American, Banner, News, and Express . Three of these are Democratic, one Republican, and one independent.

Chapter Lxiii

Early Settlers - First Celebration of American Independence in Newark - Nominating a President - Early Mails and List of Postmasters - The Effects of the National Road and Canal - The "Meeting House" - Isaac Smucker's Recollections of Newark in 1825 - Newark as a Town and City - List of Mayors - Effect of the Railroads on the City - A Summary of the Business - The Young Mens' Christian Association - The Ladies' Library Association - The Licking County Medical Association - Masons, Odd Fellows and Other Societies.

RETURNING to the early settlement of the town and township, it is fouud that the settlers of 1803 - in the former, were Robert Sherwood and, perhaps, one other; and in the latter, on the "Wilson section," Jacob Wilson and Evan Payne. Sherwood was a native of Ireland, but married and lived some years in Shippensburgh, Pennsylvania, before coming to Newark. He became owner of a lot on the southeast corner of First and Main streets, where he died in 1822. Wilson and Payne built a cabin on the North fork, but on the east side. Near the "Big spring," close to his cabin, Jacob Wilson stuck into the ground a willow switch he had brought with him from the Alleghany mountains, which grew into a large tree and is still flourishing. He returned to Hardy county, Virginia, married in 1804, and returned to the wilderness with his bride.

When Mr. Wilson settled on the North fork everything about him was in its primitive state, and his cabin was in perfect keeping with his wild surroundings -

One morning in the autumn of 1805, Mr. Wilson was suddenly called to his cabin door by a great noise and commotion among his pigs, one of which had been seized for a breakfast by a panther. The noisy demonstrations of the pig had promptly drawn the attention of the hogs, and they attacked the panther successfully, and not only released the pig, but treed the panther. Just at this crisis the pioneer-hunter reached his cabin door, and instantly comprehended the situation; the dogs and hogs were holding the animal in check. Taking his rifle from its hooks, he stepped out and fired, the animal falling among his dogs at the foot of the tree.

Maurice Newman was one of the principal settlers in Newark in 1804. He was acting justice of the peace after Squire Wright, and the third tavern-keeper, as before mentioned.

John Van Buskirk was also a settler in this year, in Newark. He rebuilt the Petticord and Belt grist- and saw-mill, which he run persistently until his death in 1840.

David Heron, David Hatfield and Archibald Wilson, jr., came in 1805. Mr. Wilson was one of the first - if not the first merchant in Newark, but was soon followed by Bradley Buckingham and David Moore. Mr. Wilson's biography states that he kept store in Newark in 1 804. This may be true, and if so, there is little doubt that he was the first merchant. The Wilson family was a large and influential one, and in some respects the mu* important one among the early settlers. Archibald Wilson, sr., was on the first board of comraissk®- ers of this county. He was born in the Shemcdoah valley, Virginia.

One of the "queer" chafacters around Newark in an early day was John Sparks. He was geneally seen barefooted, walking along the streets and alleys with a fishing-pole on his shoulder, for be was a true disciple of Izaac Walton. He had ac overpowering repugnance to labor, and irresistible vagabondizing proclivities. He was born on the South branch of the Potomac in 1758, and whet in 1803, President Jefferson organized an exploring expedition to cross the continent, he joined h, and thus became a member of the Lewis and Clark expedition; from this fact, alone, he acquired hk importance. The expedition started in the spring of 1804, and from their next winter's quarters, on the Missouri river, sent John Sparks back tc Washington with dispatches, where he arrived late in the summer, and was honorably discharged

Sparks was vigorous, robust, and adapted to a life of hardship and adventure. He had no femily, and lived a sort of haphazard, precarious, hard life, dying in 1846.

James Hendricks was one of the pioneers of this county. He came from Brooke county, Virginia, set tling on land which he purchased from his brotherin-law, John Van Buskirk. He remained there a few years and removed to Newark, where he died in 1855, at an advanced age.

Mr. John Johnston, who died in Newark, March 4, 1875, aged seventy-three years, was the oldest inhabitant of the city at the time. His father removed with his family from Washington county, Pennsylvania, to Newark in 1802, and never changed his residence.

Hon. Frederick Dent, father of Mrs. General Grant, was about 1812 a merchant in Newark. He died in Washington city, aged eighty-eight years.

Among the later prominent and respected citizens of Newark were Hugh McMullen and C. A Darlington. The former was born in York coun- :y, Pennsylvania, May 2, 18 11, and came with his father's family (the late George McMullen) to this :ounty in 1819. He died in Chicago, Illinois, at in advanced age.

Carey A Darlington was a resident of Newark :en or twelve years, engaged in the mercantile business, beginning in 1823. On account of his health, he gave up merchandising, and became a rarmer and stock-raiser in Marion county. He iied April 3, 1874.

One of the first celebrations of American independence, perhaps the very first that took place in Licking county, was that of 1807. It was held on he north side of the public square, the dinner beng the joint production of Maurice Newman and \braham Johnson, two of the tavern-keepers of Newark. A hog, sheep and deer, well roasted, graced the table. The hog had an ear of corn in its nouth, and was trimmed with lettuce; the sheep lad a bunch of fennel in its mouth, and was rimmed with parsley; and the deer, killed for the pccasion by Hananiah Pugh, was decorated with eaves, vines and flowers from the forest Captain \rchibald Wilson, sr., was president of the day; Rev. John Emmett, a Methodist preacher, was :haplain of the occasion, and Dr. John J. Brice ead the Declaration of Independence. The oraion was prepared by Archibald Wilson, jr., but vas read by Dr. John J. Brice, owing to the sickless of the author. The military, under the comnand of Captain John Spencer, were present in orce, and fired volleys in response to the toasts. The best of feeling characterized the occasion, vhich was finally brought to a close by a ball at light.

There was a marked difference between those pioneer gatherings and the pablic meetings of toiay. Like the grasp of a pioneer's hand, there vas an honest earnestness in them.

' * Pursuant to public notice, a great nnmber of citizens of Licking county met at the court house in Newark (Ohio) to nominate a suitable candidate for President of the United States. After the meeting was organized by the appointment of Dr. John J. Brice chairman, and B. Briggs secretary, the following preamble and resolutions were almost unanimously adopted:

"Whereas, It being well known by every intelligent citizen that roads and canals are indispensable to the prosperity of the United States, and particularly to the western country; and it being well known that the western part of the United States has not had a proportionate share of expenditure of the public moneys for these and other purposes; and

"Whereas, Henry Clay, a Representative in Congress from the State of Kentucky, has signalized himself by his zeal and industry to promote these great national objects, therefore

" Resolved , That we will use all honorable means to promote his election to the Presidency, for the reason above stated, and for his uniform adherence to republican principles, and support of the cause of liberty throughout the world.

" Resolved , That William Wilson, Stephen C. Smith and James Holmes be a committee of correspondence, to correspond with other committees "throughout the State favorable to the election of Henry Clay, on the subject of the Presidential election.

It will be observed from the above that the manner of nominating a President differed very materially from the present method ; and that the issues that then seemed of overwhelming importance have been lost to view, and appear almost frivolous, as the political issues of to-day may appear fifty years hence. It was a very simple way these pioneers had of doing things. Since that, railroads and the telegraph have revolutionized things somewhat. These were the days of stage coaches, when the world "and the rest of mankind" moved slowly; and were, perhaps, better for it. News then traveled slowly ; post office facilities were in a primitive condition. Probably the first mail brought to Newark was over the very rough, narrow road from Zanesville to Newark, Granville and Columbus, or perhaps Worthington. Maurice Newman was probably the first acting postmaster in Newark, though not regularly appointed by the Postmaster General and kept the office at his hotel, about the year 1805 ; and it is now somewhat astonishing to think that the stage-coach was the principal means of mail and passenger transportation to and from Newark for nearly fifty years. The canal came earlier, it is true, but it did not probably affect the business of the stage lines to a great extent. It is found that, in 1825, "Mr.

Giles C. Harrington, of this place, will commence running his stage twice a week from Zanesville to Columbus, after the first of July next." It may be fair to conclude from this that but one stage per week had been on the road between these points before the time mentioned. Newark had then been in existence for twenty-three years.

"The mail first carried in a stage or hack from Newark to Columbus via Granville, was by Giles C. Harrington in 1822. He was succeeded by Willard Warner, I think, till 1828, when Neil, Moore & Co., run their stages through from Jacksontown, on the pike, via Newark and Granville to Columbus, until the National road was completed to Columbus in 1832 or 1833 ; after that Warner carried the mail from Jacksontown to Newark and Granville, and run a two-horse stage."

A daily mail was established from Newark to Mt. Vernon in the month of December, 1835. The National road coming into the county about the same time with the Ohio canal, gave a great impetus to emigration, and Newark took a great step forward. It began to assume the appearance of a lively business town. It became a grain market, which necessitated the building of warehouses. The first of these warehouses was erected by George Baker & Co., on the canal between Fourth and Fifth streets; others were erected between Second and Third streets, and Mr. Sherwood, in 1831, erected one near the corner of Canal and Second streets, on the east side of Second. The canal gave an outlet to produce of all kinds, thus creating a market and advanci^ prices with* astonishing rapidity. Wheat went fr» twenty-five cents to seventy-five cents and one dollar per bushel; other products of the soil and tk woods, as corn, oats, whiskey, pork, furs, peltry, etc., were correspondingly advanced. In open^ up the new country these agencies took the pi*: of the railroads of to-day, and w'ere equally £ effective though working with less rapidity.

* 4 Already we see the effects of the canal on our town. The price of property has risen fifty per cent. Five brick kites vC be burnt in the environs of Newark, during the preseat L4- gust, 1825,) and three succeeding months, and some of the brick will go through the hands of the brick-layers dnriag tbL time./ The change that has taken place in the appearance i the place since it was expected the canal would pass hi: very striking. Before that time there were but three or itr brick buildings in it, exclusive of the public ones; thebaic were all dilapidated logs and frames. Now there are good brick houses erected, and the foundations of two or tfcn more are laid.

"It is true, the grass continues to grow in our streets, asthe sheep to feed in the public square, but when it is bw« that the former are very wide, and the latter large enough a farm, these things will not be considered as unfavoraitf omens.

"While on this subject, our thoughts naturally turn to tt* bad state of the meeting-house, about which we have often ha: unpleasant reflections. It might be wrong, however, in cs :: say anything about it in the paper, since we never appropriate*: anything toward building it. Still we will venture mereh i: call the attention of our seniors to it, and recommend the action of measures for its repair or demolition. The Turks, verily believe, have no mosque that makes so wretched an appearance as does the brick meeting-house in Newark."

Mr. Briggs refers here to the brick chuich erected by the Presbyterians in the park, west side, which was poorly constructed, and was taken down after a few years service, the people fearing it would fall upon them. It was the first church building erected in Newark. October 1st, of the same year (1825), a meeting of those interested was held in this house, at which Messrs. Stephen C. Smith, S. S. Miles and Moses Moore, were appointed a committee to draft a plan for a dc* "meeting-house" and take other preliminary step> toward erecting it.

fie Alleghanies, of four hundred miles, performed on foot, ,-hich, at that time, was the usual mode of travel with men of ery limited funds. Those of more 4 means traveled on horsejack, while those more liberally supplied with cash took the amily carriage or the public stage.

' ' The then very small village of Newark was reached about line o'clock at night. It was a very pleasant starlight or moonight night, just light enough to indicate to a weary traveler, vho had safely crossed the rickety old bridge across the North ork, and reached the western termination of East Main street, tnd there taken his position just between the 'Cully' and Green House' taverns, deliberately viewing the situation from his point of observation, that the 'public square' was too exensively dotted with ponds of large and small proportions, to ender it altogether a safe operation to venture forward without a guide. Accordingly a dime was invested on a small lad, jn condition that he should ' safely guide the foot-sore, waterbound traveler along the winding track among the ponds, across the square to the residence of the father of the belated footman, who, at that time, domiciled at the southwest comer of West Main and Fourth streets.

' - The most important event to Newark and Licking county in that year was the celebration of the Fourth ot July at 'Licking Summit,' four miles south of Newark, on the Ohio canal. An immense throng gathered to see Governor DeWitt Clinton, of New York, throw out the first shovel of dirt in the construction of the canal. Governor Worthington and numerous celebrities of this and other States were presents The occasion was characterized by an immense display of military toggery, such as brass buttons, cockades, plumes, sashes, epaulettes and many other fancy trappings that profusely ornamented the outer garments of the military chieftains present.

"There was also a great display of independent military companies, called volunteers, who also appeared in their best uniforms. General Edward King, of Chillicothe, and General Sanderson, of Lancaster, were among the most conspicuous military commanders on that celebrated occasion. Our late friends and fellow-citizens, Captains Merideth Darlington and Major Warren, the former of Newark, and the latter of Granville, commanded the local or home troops on the occasion. This was the heroic age of Ohio - the age of military glory. Hon. Thomas Ewing, then in the full enjoyment of his great intellectual powers, was the orator of the day, and, in the judgment of the great crowd who heard him, he acquitted himself splendidly.

" Goverrtor Clinton threw out the first shovelfull of earth in the construction of the eanal. He had been the projector of the Erie canal, and had employed his great talents and influence to put the Empire State on the highway to prosperity and wealth by procuring the adoption of a liberal ' internal improvement policy. This same policy he urged upon Ohio, and in consequence thereof he became very popular among its friends here; hence the position of honor assigned him. Hon. William Stanbery ably advocated our canal policy in the senate of Ohio. Gov. Worthington, the most influential statesman in Ohio, held the same views.

"The next most important event in 1825 was the abortive attempt to hang a fellow by the name ot Peter Dimond, a miner at Mary Ann furnace, who had been convicted of the murder of Mitchell, a fellow ore-digger. This man, while intoxicated and in a fit of passion, struck Mitchell (with whom he was quarreling) a (5low with a gun-barrel across the head, from the *5 effects of which he died. The absence of delibration and premeditation made it a crime of a lower grade than murder in the first degree, and he should have been convicted of the second grade of homicide. Hon. Thomas Ewing and William Stanbery defended him with great zeal and ability, but he was nevertheless found guilty and sentenced to be hung. The gallows was erected, the grave dug, the coffin made, so was the shroud, and the culprit put inside of it; the crowd collected from far and near; the military were marshaled in large numbers to prevent the escape or rescue of Peter, and to give eclat to the interesting occasion. The sermon was preached, the doctors were on hand to determine when Dimond's pulse ceased its beatings by reason of the strangling process, and, in short, al things were ready to swing the culprit into eternity, when a dashing horseman came up crying at the top of his voice that he had a message from the Governor of the State of Ohio. This proved to be Isaac Cool, who knew well how to act such a part with a flourish. The commander of the troops cleared the way lor him, when he, with due regard to style, passed the document with the Great Seal of the State of Ohio attached, to the sheriff, which proved to be a respite or suspension of the sentence. This respite resulted at last in a commutation to ten years' service, for the hero of the day, in the penitentiary.

"This respite arrangement of our good old governor was promptly acceded to by Peter, much to the disgust of a wellsold and greatly befooled crowd, who had at some expense and at the neglect of their business and crops at a very busy season of the year, gathered here in force to witness the death agonies of a fellow' being on the gallows, and they could not brook the idea of a disappointment.

"This is, however, true of only the more brutal of the spectators; the better portion were thrilled with joy at the manner of its termination. This performance came oflf between Locust and Church, and Third and Fifth streets. The gallows stood about midway between Locust and Church streets, on Fourth street, or a little east of it.

"Dimond's counsel, after the death penalty had been pronounced, prepared and laid before Governor Morrow, the facts in the case, who saw at once that he had been illegally and unjustly convicted and sentenced; he therefore decided to give him the proper punishment for his offence. As he had committed a great crime, he thought best to give him ten yeais in prison, and in addition put him through the pangs of anticipated hanging. He kept the terrors of an ignominious death hanging over him to the last moment.

"The horse racing of 1825 was also an event of no small magnitude, in the estimation of manv. The race-course was bounded on the north by the southern portion of the towm, on the south by South fork, on the east by Fourth street, and on the west by Raccoon creek. An immense crowd of people, of all colors, sexes and conditions, had collected. They came from adjacent counties and also from remote parts of the State, as well as our own county. One main race for sweepstakes was run by three horses, named Ground Hog, Red Fox, and Prairie Mule. The first named was a large grey horse owned in Muskingum, I believe, and was the winner. The Red Fox was a small sorrel, and came in second best. The race was a mile, or perhaps more, to be repeated. Many other races were run. The accompaniments were a large consumption of whiskey and similar fluids; an overloading of many stomachs with Bentley's ginger cakes; a considerable number of fisticuffs, much excitement, quarreling and profanity; extensive thimble-rigging and sweat-cloth gambling; pocket-picking and stealing, and various other groveling aud villainous practices that were intensely disgusting to decent people.

"I close my recollections of 1825 with a brief reference to the elections of that year. When I arrived in Newark, a vigorous contest was going on for a seat in the legislature between Bradley Buckingham and Stephen C. Smith. The Newark Advocate , edited by the late Benjamin Briggs, the only paper printed in the county, was full of spirited communications on the subject, pro and con. Henry Shurtz was fighting Mr. Buckingham vigorously, charging him in the Advocate with getting some advantage of him in a whiskey trade. Whiskey was at that time an article of extensive trade and commerce; indeed, it came near being a legal tender in payment of debts. Mr. Buckingham was a prosperous and wealthy merchant of Newark, and known to almost everybody in the county. He came to Newark at an early day, and had kept himself in communication constantly by his extensive business operations, and to a limited extent was a public officer. His reputation was good, character excellent, and he was withal a gentleman of rather pleasant, popular manners.

"Mr. Smith was a more recent settler. He came originally from New Jersey to Marietta in 1806, and from there in 1809 to Muskingum county, where he was several times honored with elections to the legislature, and to the associate judgeship of the common pleas court. He had, moreover, been actively patriotic in the War of 1812, having rendered efficient services as adjutant of the regiment commanded by Lewis C ass. He came to Licking county in 1818, and was a meml>er of the legislature in 1824. He was a man of liberal mental endowments, extensive reading and information. He had one of the best libraries in our county, and we had few men of more extensive intelligence on a great variety of subjects. He was without reproach, and lived and died an honest man.

"Mr. Buckingham was the successful candidate, but by a very small majority - ten votes, I think. The next year they were again competitors, and Mr. Smith was successful by a meagre majority. Messrs. Buckingham and Smith retired upon their legislative laurels, the former in 1826, and the latter in 1827, neither of them again holding any public office. "

Newark became an incorporated town by act of the general assembly, in February, 1826, and on the sixteenth of the following month an election was held which resulted in the choice of Lucius Smith for mayor; C. W. Searle, recorder, and Robert Davidson, William W. Gault, Bradley Buckingham, John J. Brice, and John Cunningham, fot trustees, or council men. Thus Newark came into existence as a town, and thereafter enjoyed the privileges of a government of its own. The mayors of this town are as follows, with the dates of their service :

Browning, 1833; Joshua Mathiot, 1834; M. M. Caffee, 1835; S. M. Browning, 1836; Israel Dille, 1837; Israel Dille, 1838; George M. Young, 1839; George M. Young, 1840; George M. Young, 1841: George M. Young, 1842; M. M. Caffee, 1843; B. W. Brice, jr., 1844; B. W. Brice, jr., 1845; B. W. Brice, jr., 1846; A. H. Caffee, 1847; A H. Caffee, 1848; A. H. Caffee, 1849; Edward Stanbery, 1850; Daniel Humphrey, 1851; Daniel Humphrey, 1852; Daniel Humphrey, 1853; Daniel Humphrey, 1854; Daniel Hamphrey, 1855; William B Woods, 1856; William B. Woods, 1857; Charles H. Kibler, 1858; Charles H. Kibler, 1859. Mr. Kibler was the last mayor of the town of Newark. Having now a population of over five thousand it was incorporated as a city of the second class, March 2, i860. First mayor, Gibson Atherton, i860. Mr. Atherton continued to hold this office two terms, or including 1863: John W. Brice followed one term including 1865; Joel M. Dennis, one term, including 1867; John W. Brice, again one term, including 1869; George M. Grasser, one term, including 1871; James White, one term, including 1873; D. G Winegamer, two terms, including 1877, and the present mayor, Isaac W. Bigelow, has served since the latter date.

The Ohio Gazetteer , published in 1831, makes this mention of Newark: "Distance from Cleveland by canal one hundred and seventy-six miles. North latitude 40° 4', west longtitude 50 26'. It was laid out in the year 1802, by the late General William C. Schenck, on the plan of Newark, in New Jersey, with streets from six to eight rods wide, all crossing each other at right angles. It is situated in a township of the same name, and contains two hundred and fifty dwelling houses, ten stores, five taverns, two printing offices, two large ware houses, a market house, a Methodist meeting house, and the usual county buildings."

The population of Newark in 1830, was 999: in 1835 1392. The cholera visited the town in the summer of 1834; many of its inhabitants died and the growth of the place was, probably, checked for a time. It grew slowly but steadily until about 1850 when it took an other long stride forward

The amount of business in the city may be summed up nearly as follows, though changes are continually occurring and the business can only be approximated. There are three agricultural implement stores; twenty-six attorneys at law; two auction and commission merchants; eight bakers and confectioners; two banks; ten barbers; nine blacksmiths; one boiler maker; two book and stationery stores; twenty-three boot and shoe stores and manufacturing and repairing establishments; two brick yards ; one broom maker ; three carriage makers; six china, glass and queensware stores; five clothing stores; ten or more coal dealers; three commission merchants; two express companies; five dentists; eight drug stores; eight dry goods stores; two flouring mills, doing a large business; four foundries and machine shops; two furniture dealers; about fifty or sixty retail grocery establishments; two wholesale grocers; two gunsmiths > three hardware stores; five hat and cap stores; five hotels; a large number of insurance and other agents; eight livery stables; four lumber dealers; two marble works; seven meat markets ; eight merchant tailors ; five newspapers ; one notion store; four photographers; twenty-five physicians ; three planing mills ; four printing establishments, of which that of Clark & Underwood, of the American, stands at the head; four saddlery and harness shops; one saw-mill; three sewing machine agencies ; one soap and candle factory; five stove and tin stores; two tanners and curriers; three wagon makers; and two fine jewelry establishments. Probably no jewelry houses in central Ohio have a finer stock, or a better established reputation than those of Henry C. Bostwick and H. S. Sprague. Besides the above regular business establishments Newark has the usual number of cigar makers and establishments, saloons, restaurants, small manufactories of different kinds, and many smaller business concerns. Yet the business of Newark is not what it should be, considering its location on the edge of the great coal fields, and is not, probably, what it will be in the future.

the latter department of business, especially, must continually increase as the years go by. Indeed, since the country has revived from the panic oi 1873, manufacturing has increased iu Newark.

Among these establishments may be mentioned the stove works of Ashley & Kibler, established two years ago, in the old Mosier foundry. Thomas' foundry and machine shops were established about 1866. It is conducted by Mr. J. E. Thomas. Simpson's plow works were established in 1851; the Newark marble works, in 1841, by O. F. Mehurin; Ball & Ward's carriage and wagon works in 1836, and are still in successful operation, occupying two large buildings - a stone and frame - on the corner of Church and First streets. Messrs. Gardner & Vance's planing-mill was established in 1873; was burnt down in 1877, but rebuilt, of brick, and is now in successful operation. Stasel & Lamb's planing-mill was established in 1877, and that of A. Smucker & Sons in 1866. Space, however, forbids a satisfactory review of all the manufacturing and business interests of the city. Two large flou ring-mills are in successful operation; those of E. M. Montgomery and D. Thomas & Sons. The former stands at the foot of Church street, on the site of one of the first mills in the county, elsewhere mentioned. Both are using steam power, and doing a large and successful business.

Of banks, there are two at present - the Franklin and First National. The first of these was established about 1845, and was the first permanent bank started in Newark. There were, perhaps, two or three established before, one by the Smiths, in or about 1838. This latter bank was in existence ten or a dozen years, the managers bringing their currency from Michigan for distribution here. The Franklin bank was a private institution, established by Edward Franklin, in the old brick building at the southwest corner of the square, where the Adams express company is now located. In 1849, Mr. Franklin admitted his son, John H., as partner, and the firm became Edward Franklin & Son. In 1859, the senior Franklin died, but the son continued the business under the same firm name until 1862, when he admitted his brother, Benjamin, and the firm became Edward Franklin's Sons. Joseph

Rider was admitted to the firm in 1873, an(* in -1876, this firm sold out to the present firm, 'Messrs. Robbins, Wing & Winegamer who conduct the business under the old firm name. The Franklins erected the present brick block, at the southwest corner of the square, and moved the business into it about 1850.

The First National bank began operations in 1865, with a capital of one hundred thousand dollars. Mr. J. Buckingham was president and Virgil H. Wright cashier. Its first location was where Messrs. Dougherty & Dodd's tin shop is now located. In 1869-70, the proprietors erected the present brick block, on the corner of Third street and public square, fitting up a room for their purpose in the corner of the building and moving into it in 1870.

As a place of residence Newark cannot be greatly excelled The citizens are largely intelligent, sociable, and the larger part of them enjoying most of the good things of the world ; there are no division lines worthy of mention - no class or aristocracy - the only requisite of good citizenship and good standing being obedience to the laws and the dictates of humanity.

It may not be well to close this chapter without placing upon permanent record a few facts regarding the various societies of the city, of which there are the usual number.

The Young Men's Christian association is just entering upon the fifth year of its existence with as bright prospects as it has ever enjoyed The work performed the past year is fully equal to that of previous years. The workers have been fewer in number, but they have been all the more faithful. More workers are needed.

The reading-room is as inviting a place as can be found anywhere. The supply of papers is good ; a few more are needed, however, and more magazines and books. The financial condition of the association is much better than it was a year ago. The reliable subscriptions are sufficient to cover all indebtedness except a balance ^of about fifty dollars due on the organ. The amount of subscriptions secured last year was six hundred dollars ; if the same amount shall be secured this year the association will be enabled to add to the attractions of the reading-room and thereby increase the number of readers. The attendance, as it is, is undiminished The association feels that it is entitled to the support of the good people of the city in its works, and is gratified to know that its work is being appreciated.

The Ladies' Library association was organized in March, 1871. A few ladies met at the residence of Mr. George M. Davidson, where the society was organized, and where they continued to meet for six months or more, when they occupied a room belonging to Mr. T. J. Davis, over the First National bank. In this room their meetings were held about six years, when they removed to Jerome Buckingham's law office. In the spring of 1880, their society and its possessions having grown somewhat beyond the limits of a law office, they secured a room in the court house, where the society now meets, and where it has collected about one thousand volumes.

Mrs. Jerome Buckingham, Mrs. Virgil Wright, Mrs. T. J. Davis, Mrs. George Davidson, Miss Minnie Sprague and others were influential in establishing this society. Mrs. Davidson was its first president, and Miss Sprague, secretary and treasurer. The membership fee is two dollars per annum, but books are let to those not members by the payment of ten cents a volume. This society is gradually obtaining a firmer foot-hold, and is considered a permanent institution.

The Licking County Medical society was or ganized in 1874. About forty years ago a society had been in existence called the "Licking County Medical and Philosophical society," which had been abandoned after a few years operation.

The first meetings of the present society, before organization, were held in the office of Dr. Charles P. King, that gentleman being very active in the matter. The first meeting for organization, at which about twenty physicians appeared, was held in the drug store of Collins & Thurston. Dr. Barrows was elected president. The society has steadily grown since that time until it includes most of the physicians of the county and some outside of it. The meetings are now held in the court house, in the same room occupied by the

Pioneer society. In this room they have a few anatomical collections, and the nucleus of a library. In a pamphlet written by Dr. King, the members of the society in 1879 are given as follows:

Stoddard J. Miles, W. M.; Lucius Smith, S. W.; Zachariah Davis, J. W.; James M. Taylor, treasurer, and David Bell, secretary. This organization continued working under dispensation until October 4, 1828, when the charter was received, and the following were the first officers under this charter: Corrington W. Searls, W. M.; Robert Hazlett, S. W.; John W. Anderson, J. W.; William W. Gault, treasurer; Elijah Cooper, secretary, Horace Gregory, S. D.; John Wolfe, J. D., and Zachariah Davis, tyler.

The society of Odd Fellows supports two lodges and an encampment in the city. The first of these was Olive Branch Lodge No. 34, instituted October, 1843; Newark Lodge No. 623, and Mount Olive Encampment No. 12.

In addition to these there are lodges of Good Templars, divisions of Sons of Temperance, lodges of Red Men, Knights of Pythias, Order of United American mechanics, Druids, literary societies, debating associations, reading and social clubs, musical coteries, teachers institutes and other institutions of kindred character.

Chapter Lxix

THERE are, at present, seventeen church organ izations within the limits of Newark township, fourteen of which are in the city. This fact alone speaks volumes for civilization, law, order and intelligence. Life, liberty and property cannot but be safe in such a community. The history of these churches covers the full period of time since the first settlement began in the wilderness. Ministers of the Gospel were among the first to brave the perils and hardships of the frontier, where they planted the seed that has grown, developed and borne fruit, the evidence of which appears in these beautiful churches, and in the religion and higher civilization of the people.

The first Presbyterian. - The doctrines taught by this denomination were the first introduced into this section. The first Christian minister who preached on the territory now occupied by the city of Newark, was the Rev. Mr. McDonald, a Presbyterian. He came to this place in 1802, on his way to Franklinton, now Columbus, and was probably a missionary from the neighborhood of Pittsburgh. He was a middle aged man at the time of his visit, and lodged at the house of Samuel Elliott, who lived about one and one-half miles east of Newark. He preached several times to the families that were here, which, at that early date, were few in number, either at their houses or in the open air. Thus Presbyterianism was introduced by a living preacher upon the very threshold of the existence of the city.

In the summer of 1803 Rev. John Wright vis* ited this place. He was born in Westmoreland | county, Pennsylvania, in 1777. Accustomed to frontier life from his earliest recollections, being familiar with the rifle carried to the house of God I by the worshipers, for use in case of attack by Ini dians, he was well fitted for ministerial labors among | the pioneers. In the year 1806 Rev. James Scott preached regularly for some months. As these two men were among the earliest, most active and widely known of the pioneer Presbyterian ministers of central Ohio, they deserve more than a passing notice.

Rev. John Wright graduated at Dickinson college, Pennsylvania, and was licensed to preach about 1800 by the presbytery of Redstone. He engaged in missionary labors two or three years in Virginia, North and South Carolina, returning through regions now comprising Tennessee, Kentucky and Ohio.

In this work he became acquainted with a little band of Presbyterians upon the Hock-Hocking and Rush creek, and settled among them in 1804. In 1806 he became pastor of Hock-Hocking (Lancaster) and Rush creek churches. Here he preached thirty-two years, his labors being scattered over a wide extent of country. Many of the churches through this part of Ohio were organized through his instrumentality. He died at Delphi, Indiana, at the residence of his son, Rev. E. W. Wright August 31, 1854, in his seventy-eighth year.

Rev. Tames Scott was bom in Pennsylvania, east of the mountains, in 1775. He graduated at Cannonsburgh, Pennsylvania, and located at Mt. Ver- ! non in 1807. Ahout 1810 he was married to the daughter of Archibald Wilson, of Newark. He preached at Mt. Vernon, Fredericktown, and Martinsburgh, the extremes of his pastoral charge being about twenty miles apart. Indians were yet in the country, and he was compelled to endure much hardship and danger in his circuit. He frequently walked to Martinsburgh, eleven miles, to preach, and that, too, after searching vainly in the woods for his horse. He died in September, 1851, in his seventy-eighth year.

Through the efforts of these ministers, and by the removal to Newark of some families of Presbyterian education, that element in the community had, in 1 808, attained sufficient strength to warrant the formation of a church, which was accordingly acomplished in the autumn of this year. Rev. John Wright was present and officiated at this or ganization. David Moore and James Taylor were elected elders, and in the following year Jacob Wilson was elected an elder.

Of these elders, David Moore was born in Getty sburgh, Pennsylvania, April 9, 1774, He came to Newark in the spring of 1808, and died April 27* *845, aged seventy-one years. He was a good business man, and was an elder of this church about thirty years. James Taylor was born in Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, in 1753. He removed to Washington county, Pennsylvania, and subsequently to the vicinity of Wheeling, Virginia. He came to Newark in 1804. He was one of the first judges in the county, having been elected in 1808. He died at the residence of his son in-law, James Maholm, in 1844 at the advanced age of ninty-one. He was 1 revolutionary soldier; and was with Colonel Williamson in his campaign against the Moravian Indans, and with seventeen others cast his vote against :hat massacre. He was a man of high character tnd universally respected; and was an elder of this :hurch for thirty-six years. The other elder, Jacob, Vilson, was born in Hardy county, Virginia, Sepember 15, 1781, and came to Licking county in 1803. He raised a crop of corn in the North <ork valley, a mile above Newark, and returned n the fall to Virginia. In March, 1804, he married tfancy Colville, of Shenandoah county, and soon ifter removed to this place where he lived until his leath, on the eleventh of October, 1827, when he ras but forty-eight. He served in the capacity of

The church was not supplied with regular preaching for more than a year after its organization. In the autumn of 1809, the pastoral services of Rev. George Van Eman were secured. He was then a young man twenty-three years of age, unmarried, and had just completed his educational course.

As late as 1868, Mr. Van Eman was yet living, as will be seen from the following letter, dated, Findlay, Hancock county, Ohio, September 1, 1868.

"I settled in Newark in the fall of 1809. was ordained and installed there between Christmas of that year and New Years day, 1810. Revs. John Wright, of Lancaster; Jacob Lindley, of Athens, and James Scott, of Mt. Vernon, were at the ordination. 1 preached in the court house, sometimes also used as a school-house, a hewed-log building which stood in the public square. 1 continued pastor three years and six months, when my health failed and I did not preach for some years.

" I cannot tell the number of members, nor who they were. There were two Mr. Moores, with their wives, and several by the name of Wilson. I was the first of our order who settled there. No meeting-house was built in my time. After I commenced preaching again I spent a Sabbath in Newark on my way to the synod at Chillicothe, and preached the first sermon in their new house of worship, just finished. It was a building, perhaps, forty by fifty feet, and stood on the public square.

"There were a goodly number of exemplary Christians, as I hope, there in my time. There were some careless, profane, and ungodly men, but no violent opposition to religion. I had the good will of all so far as I know, and alL classes attended the meetings.

"I was bom in Washington county, Pennsylvania, in 1786, on the twenty-third of April; received my education at Cannonsburgh; united with the church while at college; graduated in the fall of 1806; studied theology under Dr. McMillen; was licensed by the presbytery of Ohio in 1808, in Upper Buffalo meeting-house, and just one year after that was ordained. I took part in the organization of Richland presbytery; was pastor of the church at Mansfield two years and a half, then went to Greene county, Pennsylvania, and spent fifteen years as pastor of the same churches in New Providence and Jefferson, j then gave up my charge and came to this place, and have been in this county thirty-two years. I was the first pastor at Newark, Mansfield, and this place. I have had no charge since resigning this church on account of age, but preach occasionally.

This venerable preacher died in Findlay March 12, 1877, in the ninety-first year of his age. In Mansfield he is spoken of as one of the first ministers in that place. He spent most of his ministerial life as a pioneer preacher, acceptably and successfully. He was cheerful, pleasant, companionable in his intercourse, and exemplary in all the relations of life. He was an honorary member of the Pioneer society of Newark, and attended one of its meetings in October, 1868, coming all the way from his home in Hancock county expressly for that purpose. Many will remember his interesting addresses at that time, consisting, for the most part, of reminiscences of early times in the county. His stay extended over the Sabbath, when he gave to the people of the congregation of his former charge an exceedingly interesting discourse, a few of his old parishioners being present who had been attendants upon his ministry more than fifty years before. Of that number, Mrs. James M. Taylor and Mrs. Isaac Wilson are believed to be the sole survivors, He was then eighty-two years of age, but vigorous physically and mentally.

From the summer of 1812 to the summer of 1815 this church was without a pastor ; but during the summer of 1815 Rev. Thomas D. Baird was called. Mr. Baird was born in the county of Down, Ireland, December 26, 1773; came to the United States in :8o2, and settled in South Carolina in 1805. He was licensed in 18 11, ordained in 1813, and came to Newark about August, 1815. In the following year the first building for the Presbyterian society was erected in Newark. ,

On the eighth of March, 1816, an article of agreement was entered into "between Zachariah Davis and Robert Davidson of the first part, and William Wilson, Abraham C. Wilson and Bradley Buckingham of the second part, in which the said parties agreed to the building of a meeting-house for the Presbyterian congregation of the town of Newark, to be of the following dimensions and materials, viz: A brick building fifty-four by fortysix feet, the foundation of stone, the walls of which are to be two and a half feet high and two feet thick; the brick walls of said building to be eighteen inches thick, and fifteen feet high, with suitable brick cornice ; to put four windows in each side; to put in two doors, which are to be seven feet high and four feet wide (to be double), with a window above each door, with eight lights each; the pillars which support the roof to be cased up to the plastering overhead, the house to be cased all around as high as the windows; to put in forty pews, which are to be three feet high, with a suitable door to each pew, well hung; the floor to be raised eighteen inches higher at one end of the house than at the other ; and to have the whole of said work completed by the first day of November next ; and it is agreed between the parties that after its completion it shall remain in possession of said parties of the first part as security, until the full amount of two thousand seven hundred

Until the completion of this house the congre gation had held all their religious services in a building used for purposes of court, school, and church, which stood on the north side of the public square. It was a structure of hewed logs, containing one room which had seats of rough boards laid upon logs. This new church stood on the west side of what is now the park ; the west end of the house being near the west side of the park. Mr. Van Eman, in a letter written subsequently to the one above given, referring to the opening of this church edifice in the fall of 1816, says:

"Mr. Davis, who built the house, had finished it a day or two before I was there, and to secure prompt payment, had locked it up. The people did not know what to da On Sabbath morning Mr. William Stan be ry, a lawyer, took a boy with him to the house, raised the window and lifted in the boy, who | opened the doors. The congregation, at the appointed hour entered, Mr. Davis and his family among the rest. There wa* no disturbance about it. Mr. Davis told me, at the close 0/ the meeting that he had promised not to open the house, but was glad it was done. My text that day was, 'I have shunned to declare unto you all the counsel of God."

The congregation having for the first time a house of worship of its own, elected William Trindle and Joseph Moore elders, secured regular pulpit ministrations and entered upon a new career of prosperity.

Mr. Baird was a Calvinist of the old school, and maintained his views persistently. During a par tion of the time he resided here he engaged in teaching in connection with his ministerial work. His first class was formed for the purpose of studying the Latin language. This class was composed of B. W. Brice, J. R. Stanbery, Nathaniel English. J. N. Wilson, John C. Gault, and John Moore. This class subsequently grew into one of greater numbers and a wider scope of study.

N. Wilson, having been maliciously, and without cause, threatened with a whipping by a boy belonging to another school, and having discovered that he was about to be assailed, turned upon his antagonist and gave him a severe handling. The teacher on the following morning, when the circumstances of the case were explained, instead of administering the punishment that was apprehended, gave to the school in the clearest and most forcible manner his views upon the subject of self-defence, and the laws that should govern the social relations and intercourse of boys and men, at school and through life. He enjoined upon his pupils that they should always be careful not to be in the wrong, and when they were in the right they should not submit tamely to wrong and injustice, but in a manly way, maintain their rights.

In 1820 Mr. Baird resigned his charge and removed to Pennsylvania, where he continued pastoral labor about ten years. While returning from a visit to the south he was attacked by disease, and died in North Carolina, January 7, 1839. He was a man of great vigor of intellect and energy of will He was an old school man and very decided in his convictions."

In 1820 Rev. Solomon S. Miles preached a few times in Newark, and in April, 1821, came here to leside. He was a graduate of the Ohio university? at Athens, in the same class with Hon. Thomas Ewing, and Rev. Henry Perkins, D. D., or New Jersey.

Early in his ministry, a Sabbath-school was organized - the first in this city. This was formed in June, 1822. A weekly prayer meeting was also established in the same year. About 1824-5, by the efforts of Mr. Miles, a more active missionary spirit was awakened. Considerable interest was also excited about the same time in the work of Bible and tract distribution in the town and over the county.

In the year 1825 the church building became unfit for occupancy. On the Fourth of July of that year occurred the ceremonies in connection with the opening of the Ohio canal. Many strangers were present, among whom were Hon. Thomas Ewing, Governor Morrow, Ex-Governor Worthington, Governor De Witt Clinton, of New York, and others. On the day preceding the celebration (Sunday), a large audience, of which the distinguished strangers named formed a part, were assembled in the Presbyterian church. A severe storm arose during the service, and the roof being inadequate to the protection of the house against rain, the plastering began to fall from the ceiling in quantities somewhat alarming, and the congregation becoming, in a measure, panic-stricken, abandoned the church, and fled through the storm to the old court house, injuring several persons in the rush and confusion. After this, the house was not long used. In the following year it was sold to Mr. Z. Davis, the gentleman who erected it, and removed.

The congregation now worshipped for a time in the old court house again, and in a school-house near the locks of the canal not far from the present location of the Episcopal church, and subsequently in the upper portion of the market house, a building that stood at the east end of West Main street. Religious services were held here until the present church edifice was erected.

January 24, 1827, an act was passed by the legislature entitled "an act to incorporate the First Presbyterian society of the town of Newark, in the county of Licking."

The corporators were James Taylor, Jacob Wilson, John J. Brice, James M. Taylor, Bradley Buckingham, Hugh Scott, John Blaney, E. S. Woods, A. H. Caffee, Henry Smith and N. Cherry.

Owing to ill health Mr. Miles was released from his pastoral charge here, May 18, 1831. The church was then united and harmonious, and numbered sixty members.

June 30, 1832, Rev. William Wylie, of Wheeling, Virginia, visited the church, by invitation, with a view to permanent settlement The next day, Sunday, July 1st, the new church edifice was opened for the first time for the reception of a congregation. This building was erected by Bradley Buckingham and Buckingham Sherwood, and the pews were assessed and sold at such rates as to cover the cost of its construction and the value of the ground on which it stood. It, with the lot on which it is located, was conveyed by deed to

When the house was built, the pulpit was much higher than it now is, in accordance with the prevailing style of church architecture at that time; and it occupied a place at the opposite end of the house between the doors, the gallery extending across the west end.

The bell was purchased in 1834 or 1835, and cost three hundred dollars. Mr. Wylie was called June 17, 1833, and installed the sixth of August following. The elders at this time were James Reeder, Jonas Ward, Robert Milligan and Luman Woodruff. In 1835 membership was one hundred and sixty-two.

A series of difficulties extending through several years, culminated in December, 1836, in the withdrawal from this church of more than twenty members, who, with others, organized the Second Presbyterian church of this city.

Dr. Wylie continued his ministry here until 1854, through a period of more than twenty-two years. His was the longest pastorate the church had. He was, when he resigned, in his seventyeighth year. He was a graduate of Jefferson college, and died in May, 1858, aged eighty-two years. He was succeeded by Rev. William M. Robinson, who had been his nearest neighbor in the ministry for ten and a half years. Mr. Robinson, a native of Pennsylvania, was installed June 8, 1855, and his pastoral relation with the church ceased June 1, 1862. During his pastorate, an old debt was cancelled, important repairs put upon the church edifice, and one hundred and sixteen persons received into the church.

H^ was followed by Rev. A. S. Mil Holland in 1862, and Rev. H. T. Alexander in 1863. Rev. Henry M. Hervey began preaching to the congregation in May, 1863, and was installed December 15, 1863. Mr. Hervey was followed by Rev. William F. Brown, who was succeeded by the present pastor, Rev. R. R. Moore.

The following is a list of the elders of this church from its organization to the present time: David Moore, 1808; James Taylor, 1808; Jacob Wilson, 1809; William Trindle, 1815; Joseph Moore, 1815; Noah Owen, 1818; Lewis Godden,

1818; James Reeder, 1829; Jonas Ward, 1830; -Chester Wells, 1829; Robert Milligan, 1830: Moses Moore, 1829; Luman Woodruff, 1833; George Wilson, 1836, John Wolf, 1836; James Belford, 1836; Nathan Barnes, 1836; E. J. Lewis, 1850; S. J. Reynolds, 1850; M. W. Swan, 1857; W. H. Winegardner, 1857; T. J. Davis, 1867; George F. Moore, 1867, and W. D. Hamilton, 1867. Among the later elders are J. C. Galbraith, Mr. Bates, Dr. Wotring, and in 1880 Mr. John Fulton, of Lockport, and Mr. William A- Jones were elected. Of all those who have held this office, Robert Milligan, yet living on Second street, has exercised its functions the longest term of years, having acted in the capacity of elder from 1830 to the present time.

The first Sabbath-school organized in Newark, was in connection with this church, in June, 1822. It was called "The Newark association for affording Sabbath -school instruction." It had twelve "articles of association," which provided for the election of a superintendent and four managers, by the members annually, on the first Monday in October; for the opening of the school at eight o'clock, a. m.; for its opening and closing with prayer ; for instruction in the Scriptures, and m the Westminster shorter catechism, not making, however, the study of the catechism obligatory upon all the pupils. They enjoined punctuality and dilligence upon all the teachers, and prohibited corporeal punishment in the school. "Entreaty, persuasion, reproof, suitable rewards, and even means calculated to win the affections and secure the good behavior and attention of the scholars to their duties, will be resorted to ; when these tail to secure the end proposed, recourse will be had to expulsion."

These articles were signed by S. S. Miles, L Godden, H. R. Gilmore, Charles Sager, J. Mathiot, George Shaver, C. W. Adams, John Cunningham, Jonathan Taylor, Thomas Taylor, Eliza Young, Ann Brice, Lucy C. Gilmore, Olive Taylor, and Sarah C. Burnham. Lewis Godden was elected superintendent the first year, and Miss Sarah Burnham Mrs. Ann Brice, Rev. S. S. Miles, and Joshua Mathiot, were made managers.

The school was held in the church edifice until lat building became unfit for occupancy in 1825, hen it was held in the old court house. While it as held here, Rev. Mr. Judson, an agent of the imerican Sunday-school Union, visited this place, nd, assisted by Mr. Miles, they raised funds for le purchase of a library - the first in Newark for abbath- school use.

The school subsequently held its meetings in the chool-house near the canal locks,; in the upper iart of the market-house; in a brick building begging to David Moore, in the northeast corner of he public square; in a school-room fitted up by dr. Miles, in the rear of the present church >uilding, before its completion. From here it /ent into the present church building.

There was considerable prejudice against the Jabbath-school in its early history here. A gentlenan who was teaching school in this place in 1831, md who was strongly opposed to the institution of he Sabbath-school, announced, on a certain Monlay morning, that it was his intention to discipline >y dismissing from his school all his scholars who rad attended the Sabbath-school on the previous lay; and, for the purpose of ascertaining who the >ffending parties were, required them to rise to heir feet. Somewhat surprised to see that all the school, except his own two children, rose, and not wishing so suddenly to be thrown out of employment, he immediately said : " You can take your seats"

In 1832 the school numbered eighty-nine pupils and fourteen teachers. The school is at present a large and flourishing one. The following gentlemen have been superintendents : Lewis Godden, Robert C. Gist, Mark Howe, James Young, John Wolf, John Moore, Robert Milligan, E. J. Lewis, Henry S. Martin, L. P. Coman, T. J. Davis, Rev. W. M. Robinson, George B. Wright, W. H. Winegardner, Rev. H. M. Hervey, W. D. Hamilton, and the present pastor, Rev. R. R. Moore.

The Second Presbyterian Church. - The foregoing history of the First church alludes to the fact of the organization of the Second church in the simple statement that "A series of difficulties extending through several years, culminated in December, 1836, in the withdrawal from this church of more than twenty members, who, with others, organized the Second Presbyterian church of this city."

July 16, 1876, the pastor of the church, Rev. Howard Kingsbury, preached an historical sermon on the fortieth anniversary of the Second church, from which is gleaned the following history of that congregation.

Stating the causes which led to the organization of this church as briefly and accurately as possible, it may be said the first disaffection in the old church in this place sprang up immediately upon the call extended to the Rev. Mr. Wylie, who was not the choice of a considerable number of the congregation. This was publicly known, and various inaffectual attempts were made to reconcile the disaffected members. At length, in February, 1836, disciplinary measures were brought against six prominent members of the church - Asa Beckwith, James Nailer, Starr Baldwin, N. H. Seymour, Thomas H. Bushnell, and James Young. Of these, all but the last two effected a compromise with the session. Messrs. Bushnell and Young determined to stand trial. Their cases were finally settled in the presbytery in the spring of that year, that body not sustaining any of the charges brought against them.

At this time the question of forming a separate church, which would not have been thought of a little while before, began to be agitated, and steps were taken in that direction. A petition was presented to an adjourned meeting of the presbytery, April 21, 1836, signed by "fifty-one members and supporters of the church and congregation of Newark, praying to be set off as a Second church in Newark. It was moved and seconded that the petition be received, and after considerable discussion the motion was put and carried in the affirmative." - (Minutes, Presbytery of Lancaster, pp. 145, 146.) Notice was given that an appeal would be taken from this decision. Against the petition a remonstrance was presented, signed by a hundred and twenty-eight members and supporters of the church of Newark. The matter was at length referred to a committee consisting of Revs. Sam-

At a called meeting held in Newark, December 27, 1836, against the very assembling of which protests and appeals were presented by different members, a memorial was addressed to presbytery, signed by forty-five names, members and supporters of the church of Newark, asking to be organized with all who may chose to associate with them, into a Second Presbyterian church in Newark, or the dissolution of the pastoral relation between the Rev. William Wylie and the church and congregation of Newark. - (Minutes Presbytery of Lancaster, p. 1 7 1.) This was considered at length, and it was finally

Resolved, that they grant the memorialists their request, - so far as it relates to the organization of a Second Presbyterian church in Newark. - (ibid., p. 172.)

and the Revs. Roswell Tenney, William H. Beecher and Charles M. Putnam, with Elders Chester Wells and Jonas Ward were appointed a committee to organize the church. This duty they carried out faithfully on December 29, 1836.

Thirty-one members of the church at Newark presented themselves, and were duly organized into the Second Presbyterian church. Their names as they appear on the journal of that day's proceedings are Henry Shurtz, James Nailer, Matilda Edwards, Ann Nailer, Ruth Stephenson, Sarah Beckwith, Mary Baldwin, Sarah Smith, Elizabeth Breakbill, Thirza Gregory, Jonas Ward, Mary Houston, Sarah Steel, Charlotte Cook, Ann Mead, Mary Ann King, Benjamin Ells, James Young, Jane Doolittle, Sabra Ells, Sarah Young, Leah Hollar, Margaret Scott, Martha Seymour, Jennet Shurtz, Sarah Woods, N. H. Seymour, C. S. Gilbert, Starr Baldwin, Asa Beckwith, and Peter BreakbilL Jonas Ward, James Young and Asa Beckwith were elected ruling elders. Mr. Ward being an elder was installed, and the others ordained.

The church was now organized and ready for work ; but the matter did not rest here. An appeal was taken from the decision of the presbytery, and a protest against their action in forming the Second church ; and from the decision of the

In May, 1838, however, the general assembly divided into two branches, known as old and new school. In the following fall the synod of Ohio divided at its meeting at Lancaster; and the new school presbytery of Lancaster held its first meeting, according to appointment, at Jersey, December 1 1 th of. the same year. Although it was not the case with the synod at large that all who had been considered "new measure" men went with the new school, and all extreme Calvinists with the old ; it is stated as nearly, if not exactly, the fact that all who had opposed the organization of this church formed the old school presbytery, while those who had favored it formed the new school. Naturally, therefore, this church sought the continued companionship and assistance of its tried friends.

Thus, while the division of the church at large had nothing Co do with the division of the Presby- , terian family in this place,' it nevertheless came to j pass that by this greater division all ecclesiastical opposition to this minor division w£s ended; and the Second Presbyterian church was duly recognized by, and represented in, presbytery.

The first services of the new church were held in the school-house in the rear of the old church Without a pastor they enjoyed the occasional services of neighboring ministers, and at other times one of their number read a sermon.

Late in April, 1837, a young man, Alexander Duncan, who had been brought up in the city of Troy, New York, under the pastorate of Dr. Beeman, and by him prevailed upon to consecrate himself to the work of the ministry, was licensed to preach by the presbytery of Cincinnati

He was not ordained or installed^ however, ] until some time later, being received from the presbytery of Cincinnati, by the presbytery of Lancaster (new school) at its first meeting, December 11, 1838; and set apart to the ministry and in stalled pastor of this church, Thursday, April + 1839. Rev. W. H. Beecher preached the serm oq The moderator, Rev. Jacob Little, presided and gave the charge to the people. The ordaining prayer was made by Rev. Samuel W. Rose. I