Monroe Township (part 5 of 6)

One of the first celebrations of American indevendence, perhaps the very first that took place in aicking county, was that of 1807. It was held on he north side of the public square, the dinner beag the joint production of Maurice Newman and Abraham Johnson, two of the tavern-keepers of Jewark. A hog, sheep and deer, well roasted, raced the table. The hog had an ear of corn in its aouth, and was trimmed with lettuce; the sheep ad a bunch of fennel in its mouth, and was rimmed with parsley; and the deer, killed for the ecasion by Hananiah Pugh, was decorated with 2aves, vines and flowers from the forest. Captain archibald Wilson, sr., was president of the day; sev. John Emmett, a Methodist preacher, was haplain of the occasion, and Dr. John J. Brice zad the Declaration of Independence. The oraon was prepared by Archibald Wilson, jr., but vas read by Dr. John J. Brice, owing to the sickess of the author. The military, under the comaand of Captain John Spencer, were present in yrce, and fired volleys in response to the toasts. 'he best of feeling characterized the occasion, hich was finally brought to a close by a ball at ight.

There was a marked difference between those ioneer gatherings and the pablic meetings of toay. Like the grasp of a pioneer's hand, there as an honest earnestness in them.

'Pursuant to public notice, a great number of citizens of Licking county met at the court house in Newark (Ohio) to nominate a suitable candidate for President of the United States. After the meeting was organized by the appointment of Dr, John J. Brice chairman, and B. Briggs secretary, the following preamble and resolutions were almost unanimously adopted:

"WHEREAS, It being well known by every intelligent citizen that roads and canals are indispensable to the prosperity of the United States, and particularly to the western country; and it being well known that the western part of the United States has not had a proportionate share of expenditure of the public moneys for these and other purposes; and

"WHEREAS, Henry Clay, a Representative in Congress from the State of Kentucky, has signalized himself by his zeal and industry to promote these great national objects, therefore

'' Resolved, That we will use all honorable means to promote his election to the Presidency, for the reason above stated, and for his uniform adherence to republican principles, and support of the cause of liberty throughout the world.

"Resolved, That William Wilson, Stephen C. Smith and James Holmes be a committee of correspondence, to correspond with other committees throughout the State favorable to the election of Henry Clay, on the subject of the Presidentia) election.

It will be observed from the above that the manner of nominating a President differed very materially from the present method;. and that the issues that then seemed of overwhelming importance have been lost to view, and appear almost frivolous, as the political issues of to-day may appear fifty years hence. It was a very simple way these pioneers had of doing things. Since that, railroads and the telegraph have revolutionized things somewhat. These were the days of stage coaches, when the world ''and the rest of mankind" moved slowly; and were, perhaps, better for it. News then traveled slowly; post office facilities were in a primitive condition. Probably the first mail brought to Newark was over the very rough, narrow road from Zanesville to Newark, Granville and Columbus, or perhaps Worthington, Maurice Newman was probably the first acting postmaster in Newark, though not regularly appointed by the Postmaster General and kept the office at his hotel, about the year 1805; and it is now somewhat astonishing to think that the stage-coach was the principal means of mail and passenger transportation to and from Newark for nearly fifty years. The canal came earlier, it is true, but it did not probably affect the business of the stage lines to a

Giles C. Harrington, of this place, will commence running his stage twice a week from Zanesville to Columbus, after the first of July next." It may be fair to conclude from this that but one stage per week had been on the road between these points before the time mentioned. Newark had then been in existence for twenty-three years.

''The mail first carried in a stage or hack from Newark to Columbus vza Granville, was by Giles C. Harrington in 1822. He was succeeded by Willard Warner, I think, till 1828, when Neil, Moore & Co., run their stages through from Jacksontown, on the pike, véa Newark and Granville to Columbus, until the National road was completed to Columbus in 1832 or 1833;

A daily mail was established from Newark to Mt. Vernon in the month of December, 1835. The National road coming into the county about the same time with the Ohio canal, gave a great impetus to emigration, and Newark took a great step forward. It began to assume the appearance of a lively business town. It became a grain market, which necessitated the building of warehouses. 'The first of these warehouses was erected by George Baker & Co., on the canal between Fourth and Fifth streets; others were erected between Second 'and Third streets, and Mr. Sherwood, in 1831, erected one near the corner of Canal and Setond streets, on the east side of Second. The canal gave an outlet to produce of all kinds, thus creating a market and advancing prices with astonishing rapidity. Wheat went from twenty-five cents to seventy-five cents and one dollar per bushel; other products of the soil and the woods, as corn, oats, whiskey, pork, furs, peltry, etc., were correspondingly advanced. In opening up the new country these agencies took the place of the railroads of to-day, and were equally as effective though working with less rapidity.

'Already we see the effects of the canal on our town. The Five brick kilns will be burnt in the environs of Newark, during the present (August, 1825,) and three succeeding months, and some of the brick will go through the hands of the brick-layers during that time. The change that has taken place in the appearance of the place since it was expected the canal would pass by it, is very striking. Before that time there were but three or four

'It is true, the grass continues to grow in our streets, and the sheep to feed in the public square, but when it is known that the former are very wide, and the latter large enough for a farm, these things will not be considered as unfavorable omens.

say anything about it in the paper, since we never appropriated anything toward building it. Still we will venture merely to call the attention of our seniors to it, and recommend the adoption of measures for its repair or demolition. The Turks, we verily believe, have no mosque that makes so wretched an appearance as does the brick meeting-house in Newark."'

Mr. Briggs refers here to the brick church erected by the Presbyterians in the park, west side, which was poorly constructed, and was taken down after a few years service, the people fearing it would. fall upon them. It was the first church building erected in Newark. October ist, of the same year (1825), a meeting of those 'interested was held in this house, at which Messrs. Stephen C. Smith, S. S. Miles and Moses Moore, were appointed a committee to draft a plan for a new "'meeting-house" and take other preliminary steps toward erecting it.

the Alleghanies, of four hundred miles, performed on foot, which, at that time, was the usual mode of travel with men of very limited funds. 'Those of more means traveled on horsehack, while those more liberally supplied with cash took the family carriage or the public stage.

'"The then very small village of Newark was reached about nine o'clock at night. It was a very pleasant starlight or moonlight night, just light enough to indicate to a weary traveler, who had safely crossed the rickety old bridge across the North fork, and reached the western termination of East Main street, and there taken his position just between the 'Cully' and 'Green House' taverns, deliberately viewing the situation from this point of observation, that the 'public square' was too extensively dotted with ponds of large and small proportions, to render it altogether a safe operation to venture forward with-

* out a guide. Accordingly a dime was invested ona small lad, on condition that he should 'safely guide the foot-sore, waterbound traveler along the winding track among the ponds, across the square to the residence of the father of the belated footman, who, at that time, domiciled at the southwest corner of West Main and Fourth streets.

'The most important event to Newark and Licking county in that year was the celebration of the Fourth of July at 'Licking Summit,' four miles south of Newark, on the Ohio eanal. An immense throng gathered to see Governor De Witt Clinton, of New York, throw out the first shovel of dirt in the construction of the canal. Governor Worthington and numerous celebrities of this and other States were present. The occasion was characterized by an immense display of military toggery, such as brass buttons, cockades, plumes, sashes, epaulettes and many other fancy trappings that profusely ornamented the outer garments of the military chieftains present.

"There was also a great display of independent military companies, called volunteers, who also appeared in their best uniforms. Géneral Edward King, of Chillicothe, and General Sanderson, of Lancaster, were among the most conspicuous military commanders on that celebrated occasion. Our late friends and fellow-citizens, Captains Merideth Darlington and Major Warren, the former of Newark, and the latter of Granville, commanded the local or home troops on the occasion. This was the heroic age of Ohio - the age of military glory. Hon. Thomas Ewing, then in the full enjoyment of his great intellectual powers, was the orator of the day, and, in the judgment of the great crowd who heard him, he acquitted himself splendidly.

««Governor Clinton threw out the first shovelfull of earth in the construction of the eanal. He had been the projector of the Erie canal, and had employed his great talents and influence to put the Empire State on the highway to prosperity and wealth by procuring the adoption of a liberal ' internal improvement policy. This same policy he urged upon Ohio, and in consequence thereof he became very popular among its friends here; hence the position of honor assigned him. Hon. William Stanbery ably advocated our canal policy in the senate of Ohio: Gov. Worthington, the most influential statesman in Ohio, held the same views.

'The next most important event in 1825 was the abortive attempt to hang a fellow by the name of Peter Dimond, a miner at Mary Ann furnace, who had been convicted of the murder of Mitchell, a fellow ore-digger. This man, while intoxicated and ina fit of passion, struck Mitchell (with whom he was quarreling) a blow with a gun-barrel across the head, from the effects of which he died. The absence of delibration and premeditation made it a crime of a lower grade than murder in the first degree, and he should have been convicted of the second grade of homicide, Hon. Thomas Ewing and William Stanbery defended him with great zeal and ability, but he was nevertheless found guilty and sentenced to be hung. The gallows was erected, the grave dug, the coffin made, so was the shroud, and the culprit put inside of it; the crowd collected from far and near; the military were marshaled in large numbers to prevent the escape or rescue of Peter, and to give ec/at to the interesting occasion. The sermon was preached, the doctors were on hand to determine when Dimond's pulse ceased its beatings by reason of the strangling process, and, in short, al things were ready to swing the culprit into eternity, when a dashing horseman came up crying at the top of his voice that he had a message from the Governor of the State of Ohio. This proved to be Isaac Cool, who knew well how to act such a part with a flourish, The commander of the troops cleared the way tor him, when he, with due regard to style, passed the document with the Great Seal of the State of Ohio attached, to the sheriff, which proved to be a respite or suspension of the sentence. 'This respite resulted at last in a commutation to ten years' service, for the hero of the day, in the penitentiary.

"This respite arrangement of our good old governor was promptly acceded to by Peter, much to the disgust of a wellsold and greatly befooled crowd, who had at some expense and at the neglect of their business and crops at a very busy season of the year, gathered here in force to witness the death agonies of a fellow being on the gallows, and they could not brook the idea of a disappointment.

"This is, however, true of only the more brutal of the spectators; the better portion were thrilled with joy at the manner of its termination. This performance came off between Locust and Church, and Third and Fifth streets. The gallows stood about midway between Locust and Church streets, on Fourth street, or a little east of it.

''Dimond's counsel, after the death penalty had beer pronounced, prepared and laid before Governor Morrow, the facts in the case, who saw at once that he had been illegally and unjustly convicted and sentenced; he therefore decided to give him the proper punishment for his offence. As he had committed a great crime, he thought best to give him ten years in prison, and in addition put him through the pangs of anticipated hanging. He kept the terrors of an ignominious death hanging over him to the last moment.

"The horse racing of 1825 was also an event of no small magnitude, in the estimation of manv. 'The race-course was bounded on the north by the southern portion of the town, on the south by South fork, on the east by Fourth street, and on the west by Raccoon creek. An immense crowd of people, of all colors, sexes and conditions, had collected. They came from adjacent counties and also from remote parts of the State, as well as our own county. One main race for sweepstakes was run by three horses, named Ground Hog, Red Fox, and Prairie Mule. 'he first named was' a large grey horse owned in Muskingum, I believe, and was the winner. The Red Fox was a small sorrel, and came in second best. The race was a mile, or perhaps more, to be repeated. Many other races were run. The accompaniments were a large consumption of whiskey and similar fluids; an overloading of many stomachs with Bentley's ginger cakes; a considerable number of fisticuffs, much excitement, quarreling and profanity; extensive thimble-rigging and sweat-cloth gambling; pocket-picking and stealing, and various other groveling aud villaimous practices that were intensely disgusting to decent peuple.

"T close mv recollections of 1825 with a brief reference to the elections of that year. When I arrived in Newark, a vigorous contest was going on for a seat in the legislature between Bradley Buckingham and Stephen C. Smith. The Newark Advocate, edited by the late Benjamin Briggs, the only paper printed in the county, was full of spirited communications on the subject, pro and con. Henry Shurtz was fighting Mr. Buckingham vigorously, charging him in the Advoeate with getting some advantage of him in a whiskey trade. Whiskey was at that time an article of extensive trade and commerce; indeed, it came near being a legal tender in payment of debts. Mr. Buckingham was a prosperous and wealthy merchant of Newark, and known to almost everybody in the county. He came to Newark at an early day, and had kept himself in communication constantly by his extensive business opcrations, and toa limited extent was a public officer. character excellent, and he was withal a gentleman of rather

"Mr. Smith was a more recent settler. from New Jersey to Marietta in 1806, and from there in 18a9 to Muskingum county, where he was several times honored with elections to the legislature, and to the associate judgeship of the common pleas court. He had, moreover, been actively patriotic in the War of 1812, having rendered efficient services as adjutant of the regiment commanded by Lewis Cass. He came to Licking county in 1818, and was a member of the legislature in 1824. He was a man of liberal mental endowments, extensive reading and information. Hehad one of the best libraries in our county, and we had few men of more extensive intelligence on a great variety of subjects. He was without reproach, and lived and died an honest man.

"Mr. Buckingham was the successful candidate, but by a very small majority - ten votes, I think. The next year they were again competitors, and Mr. Smith was successful by a meagre majority. Messrs. Buckingham and Smith retired upon their legislative laurels, the former in 1826, and the latter in 1827, neither of them again holding any public office."

Newark became an incorporated town by act of the general assembly, in February, 1826, and on the sixteenth of the following month an election was held which resulted in the choice of Lucius Smith for mayor; C. W. Searle, recorder, and Robert Davidson, William W. Gault, Bradley Buckingham, John J. Brice, and John Cunningham, for trustees, or councilmen. Thus Newark came into existence as a town, and thereafter enjoyed the privileges of a government of its own. The mayors of this town are as follows, with the dates of their service:

Browning, 1833; Joshua Mathiot, 1834; M. M. Caffee, 1835; S. M. Browning, 1836; Israel Dille, 1837; Israel Dille, 1838; George M. Young, 1839; George M. Young, 1840; George M. Young, 1841; George M. Young, 1842; M. NMC Catlee, 1345 B. W. Brice, jr., 1844; B. W. Brice, jr., 1845; B. W. Brice, jr., 1846; A. H. Caffee, 1847; A. H. Caffee, 1849; A. H. Caffee, 1849; Edward Stanbery, 1850; Daniel Humphrey, 1851; Daniel Humphrey, 1852; Daniel Humphrey, 1853 ;* Daniel Humphrey, 1854; Daniel Hamphrey, 1855; William B Woods, 1856; William B. Woods, 1857; Charles H. kKibler, 1858; Charles H. Kib- Mr. Kibler was the last mayor of the Having now a population of over five thousand it was incorporated as a city of the second class, March 2, 1860, First mayor, Gibson Atherton, 1860. Mr. Atherton continued to hold this office two terms, or including 1863; John W. Brice followed one term including 1865; Joel M. Dennis, one term, including 1867; John W. Brice, again one term, including 1869; George M. Grasser, one term, including 1871; James White, one term, including 1873; D. C. Winegarner, two terms, including 1877, and the present mayor, Isaac W. Bigelow, has served since the latter date.

The Ohio Gazetteer, published in 1831, makes this mention of Newark: "Distance from Cleveland by canal one hundred and seventy-six ftniles. North latitude 40° 4', west longtitude 5° 26'. It was laid out in the year 1802, by the late General William C. Schenck, on the plan of Newark, in New Jersey, with streets from six to eight rods wide, all crossing each other at right angles. It is situated in a township of the same name, and contains two hundred and fifty dwelling houses, ten stores, five taverns, two printing offices, two large ware-houses. a market house, a Methodist meeting house, and the usual county buildings."

The population of Newark in 1830, was 999 ; in 1835 1392. The cholera visited the town in the summer of 1834; many of its inhabitants died, and the growth of the place was, probably, checked for a time. It grew slowly but steadily until about 1850 when it took an other long stride forward.

The amount of business in the city may be summed up nearly as follows, though changes are continually occurring and the business can only be approximated. There are three agricultural implement stores; twenty-six attorneys at law; two auction and commission merchants; eight bakers and confectioners; two banks; ten barbers; nine blacksmiths; one boiler maker; two book and stationery stores; twenty-three boot and shoe stores and manufacturing and repairing establishments; two brick yards; one broom maker; three carriage makers; six china, glass and queensware stores ; five clothing stores; ten or more coal dealers; three commission merchants; two express companies; five dentists; eight drug stores; eight dry.

goods stores; two flouring mills, doing a large business; four foundries and machine shops; two furniture dealers; about fifty or sixty retail grocery establishments; two wholesale grocers; two gunsmiths; three hardware stores; five hat and cap stores; five hotels; a large number of insurance and other agents; eight livery stables; four lumber dealers; two marble works; seven meat markets; eight merchant tailors; five newspapers; one notion store; four photographers; twenty-five physicians; three planing mills; four printing establishments, of which that of Clark & Underwood, of the American, stands at the head; four saddlery and harness shops; one saw-mill; three sewing machine agencies; one soap and candle factory ; five stove and tin stores ; two tanners and curriers; three wagon makers; and two fine jewelry establishments. Probably no' jewelry houses in central Ohio have a finer stock, or a better established reputation than those of Henry C. Bostwick and H. S. Sprague. Besides the above regular business establishments Newark has the usual number of cigar makers and establishments, saloons, restaurants, small manufactories of different kinds, and many smaller business concerns. Yet the business of Newark is not what it should be, consid- - ering its location on the edge of the great coal fields, and is not, probably, what it will be in the future. It has advantages almost unsurpassed for business and manufacturing, and it would seem as if the latter department of business, especially, must continually increase as the years go by. Indeed, since the country has revived from the panic of 1873, manufacturing has increased iu Newark,

Among these establishments may be mentioned the stove works of Ashley & Kibler, established two years ago, in the old Mosier foundry. Thomas' foundry and machine shops were established about 1866. Ii is conducted by Mr. J. E. Thomas. Simpson's plow works were established in 1851; the Newark marble works, in 1841, by O. F. Mehurin; Ball & Ward's carriage and wagon works in 1836, and are still in successful operation, occupying two large buildings - a stone and frame - on the corner of Church and First streets. Messrs. Gardner & Vance's planing-mill was established in 1873; was burnt down in 1877, but rebuilt, of brick, and is now in successful operation. Stasel & Lamb's planing-mill was established in 1877, and that of A. Smucker & Sons in 1866. Space, however, forbids a satisfactory review of all the manufacturing and business interests of the city. Two large flouring-mills are in successful operation; those of E. M. Montgomery and D. Thomas & Sons. The former stands at the foot of. Church street, on the site of one of the first mills in the county, elsewhere mentioned. Both are using steam power, and doing a large and successful business.

Of banks, there are two at present - the Franklin and First National. The first of these was established about 1845, and was the first permanent bank started in Newark. There were, perhaps, two or three established before, one by the Smiths, in or about 1838. This latter bank was in existence ten or a dozen years, the managers bringing their currency from Michigan for distribution here. The Franklin bank was a private institution, established by Edward Franklin, in the old brick building at the southwest corner of the square, where the Adams express company is now located. In 1849, Mr. Franklin admitted his son, John H., as partner, and the firm became Edward Franklin & Son. In 1859, the senior Franklin died, but the son continued the business under the same firm name until 1862, when he admitted his brother, Benjamin, and the firm became Edward Franklin's Sons. Joseph

Rider was admitted to the firm in 1873, and in 1876, this firm sold out to the present firm, Messrs. Robbins, Wing & Winegarner who conduct the business under the old firm name. The Franklins erected the present brick block, at the southwest corner of the square, and moved the business into it about 1850.

The First National bank began operations in 1865, with a capital of one hundred thousand dollars. Mr. J. Buckingham was president and Virgil H. Wright cashier. Its first location was where Messrs. Dougherty & Dodd's tin shop is now located. In 1869-70, the proprietors erected the present brick block, on the corner of Third street and public square, fitting up a room for their purpose in the corner of the building and moving into it in 1870.

gent, sociable, and the larger part of them enjoying most of the good things of the world; there are no division lines worthy of mention - no class or aristocracy - the only requisite of good citizenship and good standing being obedience to the laws and the dictates of humanity.

It may not be well to close this chapter without placing upon permanent record a few facts regarding the various societies of the city, of which there are the usual number.

The Young Men's Christian association is just entering upon the fifth year of its existence with as bright prospects as it has ever enjoyed. The work performed the past year is fully equal to that of previous years. The workers have been fewer in number, but they have been all the more faithful. More workers are needed.

'The reading-room is as inviting a place as can be found anywhere. The supply of papers is good; a few more are needed, however, and more magazines and books. The financial condition of the association is much better than it was a year ago. The reliable subscriptions are sufficient to cover all indebtedness except a balance of about fifty dollars due on the organ. The amount of subscriptions secured last year was six hundred dollars: if the same amount shall be secured this year the association will be enabled to add to the attractions of the reading-room and thereby increase the number of readers. 'The attendance, as it is, is undiminished. The association feels that it is entitled to the support of the good people of the city in its works, and is gratified to know that its work is being appreciated.

The Ladies' Library association was organized in March, 1871. A few ladies met at the residence of Mr. George M. Davidson, where the society was organized, and where they continued to meet for six months or more, when they occupied a room belonging to Mr. T. J. Davis, over the First National bank. In this room their meetings were held about six years, when they removed. to Jerome Buckingham's law office. In the spring of 1880, their society and its possessions having grown somewhat beyond the limits of a law office, they secured a room in the court house, where the society now meets, and where it has collected about one thousand volumes.

Mrs. Jerome Buckingham, Mrs. Virgil Wright, Mrs. T. J. Davis, Mrs. George Davidson, Miss Minnie Sprague and others were influential in establishing this society. Mrs. Davidson was its first president, and Miss Sprague, secretary and treasurer. The membership fee is two dollars per annum, but books are let to those not members by the payment of ten cents a volume. This society is gradually obtaining a firmer foot-hold, and is considered a permanent institution.

The Licking County Medical society was organized in 1874. About forty years ago a society had been in existence called the "Licking County Medical and Philosophical society," which had been abandoned after a few years operation.

The first meetings of the present society, before organization, were held in the office of Dr. Charles P. King, that gentleman being very active in the matter. The first meeting for organization, at which about twenty physicians appeared,' was held in the drug store of Collins & Thurston. Dr, Barrows was elected president. The society has. steadily grown since that time until it includes most of the physicians of the county and some outside of it. The meetings are now held in the court house, in the same room occupied by the:

Pioneer society. In this room they have a few anatomical collections, and the nucleus of a library. Ina pamphlet written by Dr. King, the members of the society in 1879 are given as follows:

Stoddard J. Miles, W. M.; Lucius Smith, S. W.; Zachariah Davis, J. W.; James M. Taylor, treasurer, and David Bell, secretary. This organization continued working under dispensation until October 4, 1828, when the charter was received, and the following were the first officers under this charter: Corrington W. Searls, W. M.; Robert Hazlett, S.W.; John W. Anderson, J. W.; William W. Gault, treasurer; Elijah Cooper, secretary, Horace Gregory, S. D.; John Wolfe, J. D., and Zachariah Davis, tyler.

Since that date the following Masonic lodges have been organized in Newark: Warren Chapter No. 6, R. A. M., chartered October 1, 1839; Bigelow Council No. 7, R. & S. M., chartered October 22, 1841; Ahiman Lodge No. 492, F. & A. M., chartered October 21, 1874; Newark Commandery No. 34, K. T., chartered August 28, 1878.

The society of Odd Fellows supports two lodges and an encampment in the city. The first of these was Olive Branch Lodge No. 34, instituted October, 1843; Newark Lodge No. 623, and Mount Olive Encampment No. 12.

In addition to these there are lodges of Good Templars, divisions of Sons of Temperance, lodges of Red Men, Knights of Pythias, Order of United American mechanics, Druids, literary societies, debating associations, reading, and social clubs, musical coteries, teachers institutes and other institutions of kindred character.

Chapter Lxix

''Where dusky savage wooed his dusky mate, And through the forest rang his battle cry, Now stands the arched and templed halls of State, And gilded steeples pointing to the sky."

HERE are, at present, seventeen church organ izations within the limits of Newark township, fourteen of which are in the city. This fact alone speaks volumes for civilization, law, order and intelligence. Life, liberty and property cannot but be safe in suchacommunity. The history of these churches covers the full period of time since the first settlement began in the wilderness. Ministers of the Gospel were among the first to brave the perils and hardships of the frontier, where they planted the seed that has grown, developed and borne fruit, the evidence of which appears in these beautiful churches, and in the religion and higher civilization of the people.

this denomination were the first introduced into this section. The first Christian minister who preached on the territory now occupied by the city of Newark, was the Rev. Mr. McDonald, a Presbyterian. He came to this place in 1802, on his way to Franklinton, now Columbus, and was probably a missionary from the neighborhood of Pittsburgh. He was a middle aged man at the time of his visit, and lodged at the house of Samuel Elliott, who lived about one and one-half miles east of Newark. He preached several times to the families that were here, which, at that early date, were few in number, either at their houses or in the open air. Thus Presbyterianism was introduced by a living preacher upon the very threshold of the existence of the city.

In the summer of 1803 Rev. John Wright visited this place. He was born in Westmoreland county, Pennsylvania, in 1777. Accustomed to frontier life from his earliest recollections, being familiar with the rifle carried to the house of God by the worshipers, for use in case of attack by Indians, he was well fitted for ministerial labors among the pioneers. In the year 1806 Rev. James Scott preached regularly for some months. As these two men were among the earliest, most active and widely known of the pioneer Presbyterian ministers of central Ohio, they deserve more than a passing notice.

Rey. John Wright graduated at Dickinson college, Pennsylvania, and was licensed to preach about 1800 by the presbytery of Redstone. He engaged in missionary labors two or three years in Virginia, North and South Carolina, returning through regions now comprising Tennessee, Kentucky and Ohio.

In this work he became acquainted with a little band of Presbyterians upon the Hock-Hocking and Rush creek, and settled among them in 1804. In 1806 he became pastor of Hock-Hocking (Lancaster) and Rush creek churches. Here he preached thirty-two years, his labors being scattered over a wide extent of country. Many of the churches through this part of Ohio were organized through his instrumentality. He died at Delphi, Indiana, at the residence of his son, Rev. E. W. Wright August 31, 1854, in his seventy-eighth year.

Rey. James Scott was born in Pennsylvania, east of the mountains, in 1775. He graduated at Cannonsburgh, Pennsylvania, and located at Mt. Ver- Ahout 1810 he was married to the daughter of Archibald Wilson, of Newark. He preached at Mt. Vernon, Fredericktown, and Martinsburgh, the extremes of his pastoral charge being about twenty miles apart. Indians were yet in the country, and he was compelled to endure much hardship and danger in his circuit. He frequently walked to Martinsburgh, eleven miles, to preach, and that, too, after searching vainly in the woods for his horse. He died in September, 1851, in his seventy-eighth year.

Through the efforts of these ministers, and by the removal to Newark of some families of Presbyterian education, that element in the community had, in 1808, attained sufficient strength to warrant the formation of a church, which was accordingly acomplished in the autumn of this year. Rev. John Wright was present and officiated at this organization. David Moore and James Taylor were elected elders, and in the following year Jacob Wilson was elected an elder. '

Of these elders, David Moore was born in Gettysburgh, Pennsylvania, April 9, 1774, He came to Newark in the spring of 1808, and died April 27. 1845, aged seventy-one years. He was a good business man, and was an elder of this church about thirty years. James Taylor was born in Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, in 1753. He removed to Washington county, Pennsylvania, and subsequently to the vicinity of Wheeling, Virginia. He came to Newark in 1804. He was one of the first judges in the county, having been elected in 1808. He died at the residence of his son-in-law, James Maholm, in 1844 at the advanced age of ninty-one. He was a revolutionary soldier; and was with Colonel Williamson in his campaign against the Moravian Indians, and with seventeen others cast his vote against that massacre. He was a man of high character and universally respected; and was an elder of this church for thirty-six years. The other elder, Jacob, Wilson, was born in Hardy county, Virginia, September 15, 1781, and came to Licking county in 1803. He raised a crop of corn in the North Fork valley, a mile above Newark, and returned in the fall to Virginia. In March, 1804, he married Nancy Colville, of Shenandoah county, and soon after removed to this place where he lived until his death, on the eleventh of October, 1827, when he was but forty-eight.

The church was not supplied with regular preaching for more than a year after its organization. In the autumn of 1809, the pastoral services of Rev. George Van Eman were secured. He was then a young man twenty-three years of age, unmarried, and had just completed his educational course.

As late as 1868, Mr. Van Eman was yet living, as will be seen from the following letter, dated, Findlay, Hancock county, Ohio, September 1, 1868.

"'T settled in Newark in the fall of 1809, was ordained and installed there between Christmas of that year and New Years day, 18ro. Revs. John Wright, of Lancaster; Jacob Lindley, of Athens, and James Scott, of Mt. Vernon, were at the ordination. I preached in the court house, sometimes also used as a school-house, a hewed-log building which stood in the public square. I continued pastor three years and six months, when my health failed and I did not preach for some years.

"T cannot tell the number of members, nor who they were. There were two Mr. Moores, with their wives, and several by the name of Wilson. Iwas the first of our order who settled there. No meeting-house was built in my time. After I commenced preaching again I spent a Sabbath in Newark on my way to the synod at Chillicothe, and preached the first sermon in their new house of worship, just finished. It was a building, perhaps, torty by fifty feet, and stood on the public square.

""There were a goodly number of exemplary Christians, as | hope, there in my time. There were some careless, profane, and ungodly men, but no violent opposition to religion. I had the good will of all so far as I know, and all classes attended the meetings.

'on the twenty-third of April; received my education at Cannonsburgh; united with the church while at college; graduated in the fall of 1806; studied theology under Dr. McMillen; was licensed by the presbytery of Ohio in 1808, in Upper Buffalo meeting-house, and just one year after that was ordained. 1| took part in the organization of Richland presbytery; was pastor of the church at Mansfield two years and a half, then went to Greene county, Pennsylvania, and spent fifteen years as pastor of the same churches in New Providence and Jefferson. | then gave up my charge and came to this place, and have been I was the first pastor at New- I have had no charge since rein this county thirty-two years. ark, Mansfield, and this place. signing this church on account of age, but preach occasionally.

This venerable preacher died in Findlay March 12, 1877, in the ninety-first year of his age. In Mansfield he is spoken of as one of the first ministers in that place. He spent most of his ministerial life as a pioneer preacher, acceptably and successfully. He was cheerful, pleasant, companionable in his intercourse, and exemplary in all the the Pioneer society of Newark, and attended one of its meetings in October, 1868, coming all the way from his home' in Hancock county expressly for that purpose. Many will remember his interesting addresses at that time, consisting, for the most part, of reminiscences of early times in the county. His stay extended over the Sabbath, when he gave to the people of the congregation of his former charge an exceedingly interesting discourse, a few of his old parishioners being present who had been attendants upon his ministry more than fifty years before. Of that number, Mrs. James M. Taylor and Mrs. Isaac Wilson are believed to be the sole survivors, He was then eighty-two years of age, but vigorous physically and mentally.

the summer of 1815 Rev. Thomas D. Baird was called. Mr. Baird was born in the county of Down, Ireland, December 26, 1773; came to the United States in <802, and settled in South Carolina in 1805. He was licensed in 1811, ordained in 1813, and came to Newark about August, 1815. In the following year the first building for the Presbyterian society was erected in Newark.

On the eighth of March, 1816, an article of agreement was entered into 'between Zachariah Davis and Robert Davidson of the first part, and William Wilson, Abraham C. Wilson and Bradley Buckingham of the second part, in which the said parties agreed to the building of a meeting-house for the Presbyterian congregation of the town of Newark, to be of the following dimensions and materials, viz: A brick building fifty-four by fortysix feet, the foundation of stone, the walls of which are to be two and a half feet high and two feet thick; the brick walls of said building to be eighteen inches thick, and fifteen feet high, with suitable brick cornice; to put four windows in each side; to put in two doors, which are to be seven feet high and four feet wide (to be double), with a window above each door, with eight lights each; the pillars which support the roof to be cased up to the plastering overhead, the house to be cased all around as high as the windows; to put in forty pews, which are to be three feet high, with a suitable door to each pew, well hung; the floor to be raised eighteen inches higher at one end of the house than at the other; and to have the whole of said work completed by the first day of November next; and it is agreed between the parties that af ter its completion it shall remain in possession of said parties of the first part as security, until the full amount of two thousand seven hundred dollars shall be paid to them, which sum they are to receive for the completion of the aforementioned building in the manner aforesaid."

Until the completion of this house the congregation had held all their religious services in a building used for purposes of court, school, and church, which stood on the north side of the public square. It was a structure of hewed logs, containing one room which had seats of rough boards laid upon logs. This new church stood on the west side of what is now the park ; the west end of the house, being near the west side of the park. Mr. Van Eman, in a letter written subsequently to the one above given, referring to the opening of this church edifice in the fall of 1816, says:

''Mr. Davis, who built the house, had finished it a day or two before I was there, and to secure prompt payment, had locked it up. The people did not know what todo. On Sabbath morning Mr. William Stanbery, a lawyer, took a boy with him to the house, raised the window and lifted in the boy, who opened the doors. The congregation, at the appointed hour, entered, Mr. Davis and his family afnong the rest. There was no disturbance about it. Mr. Davis told me, at the close of the meeting that he had promised not to open the house, but

The congregation having for the first time a house of worship of its own, elected William Trindle and Joseph Moore elders, secured regular pulpit ministrations and entered upon a new career of prosperity.

Mr. Baird was a Calvinist of the old school, and maintained his views persistently. During a portion of the time he resided here he engaged in teaching in connection with his ministerial work. His first class was formed for the purpose of studying the Latin language. This class was composed of B. W. Brice, J. R. Stanbery, Nathaniel English, J. N. Wilson, John C. Gault, and John Moore. This class subsequently grew into one of greater numbers and a wider scope of study.

'N. Wilson, having been maliciously, and without cause, threatened with a whipping by a boy belonging to another school, and having discovered that he was about to be assailed, turned upon his antagonist and gave him a severe handling. The teacher on the following morning, when the circumstances of the case were explained, instead of administering the punishment that was apprehended, gave to the school in the clearest and most forcible manner his views upon the subject of self-defence, and the laws that should govern the social relations and intercourse of boys and men, at school and through life. He enjoined upon his pupils that they should always be careful not to be in the wrong, and when they were in the right they should not submit tamely to wrong and injustice, but in a manly way, maintain their rights.

In 1820 Mr. Baird resigned his charge and _ removed to Pennsylvania, where he continued pastoral labor about ten years. While returning from a visit to the south he was attacked by disease, and died in North Carolina, January 7,1839. He was a man of great vigor of intellect and energy of will. He was an old school man and very decided in his convictions."

In 1820 Rey. Solomon S. Miles preached a few times in Newark, and in April, 1821, came here to reside. He was a graduate of the Ohio university, at Athens, in the same class with Hon. Thomas Ewing, and Rev. Henry Perkins, D. D., or New Jersey.

Early in his ministry, a Sabbath-school was _ organized - the first in this city. This was formed in June, 1822. A weekly prayer meeting was also established in the same year. About 1824~-5, by the efforts of Mr. Miles, a more active missionary spirit was awakened. Considerable interest was also excited about the same time in the work of Bible and tract distribution in the town and over the county.

In the year 1825 the church building became unfit for occupancy. On the Fourth of July of that year occurred the ceremonies in connection with the opening of the Ohio canal. Many strangers were present, among whom were Hon. Thomas Ewing, Governor Morrow, Ex-Governor Worthington, Governor De Witt Clinton, of New York, and others. On the day preceding the cele- bration (Sunday), a large audience, of which the distinguished strangers named formed a part, were assembled in the Presbyterian church, A severe storm arose during the service, and the roof being inadequate to the protection of the house against rain, the plastering began to fall from the ceiling in quantities somewhat alarming, and the congregation in a measure, panic-stricken, abandoned the church, and fled through the storm to the old court house, injuring several persons in the rush and confusion. After this, the house was not long used. In the following year it was sold to Mr. Z. Davis, the gentleman who erected it, and removed.

The congregation now worshipred for a time in the old court house again, and in a school-house near the locks of the canal not far from the present location of the Episcopal church, and subsequently in the upper portion of the market house, a building that stood at the east end of West Main street. Religious services were held here until the present church edifice was erected.

The corporators were James Taylor, Jacob Wilson, John J. Brice, James'M. Taylor, Bradley Buckingham, Hugh Scott, John Blaney, E. S. Woods, A. H. Caffee, Henry Smith and N. Cherry.

Owing to ill health Mr. Miles was released from his pastoral charge here, May 18, 1831. The church was then united and harmonious, and numbered sixty members.

June 30, 1832, Rev. William Wylie, of Wheeling, Virginia, visited the church, by invitation, with a view to permanent settlement. 'The next day, Sunday, July rst, the new church edifice was opened for the first time for the reception of a congregation. 'This building was erected by Bradley Buckingham and Buckingham Sherwood, and the pews were assessed and sold at such rates as to cover the cost of its construction and the value ot the ground on which it stood. It, with the lot on which it is located, was conveyed by deed to

When the house was built, the pulpit was much higher than it now is, in accordance with the prevailing style of church architecture at that time; and it occupied a place at the opposite end of the house between the doors, the gallery extending across the west end.

The bell was purchased in 1834 or 1835, and cost three hundred dollars. Mr. Wylie was called June 17, 1833, and installed the sixth of August following. The elders at this time were James Reeder, Jonas Ward, Robert Milligan and Luman Woodruff. In 1835 the membership was one hundred and sixty-two.

Dr. Wylie continued his ministry here until 1854, through a period of more than twenty-two years. His was the longest pastorate the church had. He was, when 'he resigned, in his seventyeighth year. He was a graduate of Jefferson college, and died in May, 1858, aged eighty-two years. He was succeeded by Rev. William M. Robinson, who had been his nearest neighbor in the ministry for ten anda half years. Mr. Robinson, a native of Pennsylvania, was installed June 8, 1855, and his pastoral relation with the church ceased June 1, 1862. ate, an old debt was cancelled, important repairs put upon the church edifice, and one hundred and sixteen persons received into the church.

He was followed by Rey. A. S. Milholland in 1862, and Rev. H. T. Alexander in 1863. Rev. Henry M. Hervey began preaching to the congregation in May, 1863, and was installed December 15, 1863. Mr. Hervey was followed by Rev. William F. Brown, who was succeeded by the present pastor, Rev. R. R. Moore.

The following is a list of the elders of this church from its organization to the present time: David Moore, 1808; James Taylor, 1808; Jacob Wilson, 1809; William Trindle, 18:5; Joseph Moore, 1815; Noah Owen, 1818; Lewis Godden,

1818; James Reeder, 1829; Jonas Ward, 1830; Chester Wells, 1829; Robert Milligan, 1830; Moses Moore, 1829; Luman Woodruff, 1833; George Wilson, 1836, John Wolf, 1836; James Belford, 1836; Nathan Barnes, 1836; E. J. Lewis, 1850; S. J. Reynolds, 1850; M. W. Swan, 1857; W. H. Winegardner, 1857; T. J. Davis, 1867; George F. Moore, 1867, and W. D. Hamilton, 1867. Among the later elders are J. C. Galbraith, Mr. Bates, Dr. Wotring, and in 1880 Mr. John Fulton, of Lockport, and Mr. William A. Jones were elected. Of all those who have held this office, Robert Milligan, yet living on Second street, has exercised its functions the longest term of years, having acted in the capacity of elder from 1830 to the present time.

The first Sabbath-school organized in Newark, was in connection with this church, in June, 1822. It was called ''The Newark association for affording Sabbath-school instruction." It had twelve 'articles of association," which provided for the election of a superintendent and four managers, by the members annually, on the first Monday in October; for the opening of the school at eight o'clock, A. M.; for its opening and closing with prayer; for instruction in the Scriptures, and in the Westminster shorter catechism, not making, however, the study of the catechism obligatory upon all the pupils. They enjoined punctuality and dilligence upon all the teachers, and prohibited corporeal punishment in the school. '"Entreaty, persuasion, reproof, suitable rewards, and every means calculated to win the affections and secure the good behavior and attention of the scholars to their duties, will be resorted to; when these fail to secure the end proposed, recourse will be had to expulsion."

These articles were signed by S. S. Miles, L. Godden, H. R. Gilmore, Charles Sager, J. Mathiot, George Shaver, C. W. Adams, John Cunningham, Jonathan Taylor, Thomas Taylor, Eliza You ng, Ann Brice, Lucy C. Gilmore, Olive Taylor, and Sarah C. Burnham. Lewis Godden was elected superintendent the first year, and Miss Sarah Burnham, Mrs. Ann Brice, Rev. S. S. Miles, and Joshua Mathiot, were made managers.

The school was held in the church edifice until that building became unfit for occupancy in 1825, when it was held in the old court house. While it was held here, Rey. Mr. Judson, an agent of the American Sunday-school Union, visited this place, and, assisted hy Mr. Miles, they raised funds for the purchase of a library - the first in Newark for Sabbath-school use.

The school subsequently held its meetings in the school-house near the canal locks; in the upper part of the market-house; in a brick building belonging to David Moore, in the northeast corner of the public square; ina school-room fitted up by Mr. Miles, in the rear of the present church building, before its completion. From here it went into the present church building.

There was considerable prejudice against the Sabbath-school in its early history here. A gentleman who was teaching school in this place in 1831, and who was strongly opposed to the institution of the Sabbath-school, announced, on a certain Monday morning, that it was his intention to discipline by dismissing from his school all his scholars who had attended the Sabbath-school on the previous day; and, for the purpose of ascertaining who the offending parties were, required them to rise to their feet. Somewhat surprised to see that all the school, except his own two children, rose, and not wishing so suddenly to be thrown out of employment, he immediately said: '' You can take your - seats."

In 1832 the school numbered eighty-nine pupils and fourteen teachers. The school is at presenta large and flourishing one. The following gentlemen have been superintendents: Lewis Godden, Robert C. Gist, Mark Howe, James Young, John Wolf, John Moore, Robert Milligan, E. J. Lewis, Henry S. Martin, L. P. Coman, T. J. Davis, Rev. W. M. Robinson, George B. Wright, W. H. Winegardner, Rev. H. M. Hervey, W. D. Hamilton, and the present pastor, Rev. R. R. Moore.

The Second Presbyterian Church. - The foregoing history of the First church alludes to the fact of the organization of the Second church in the simple statement that 'A series of difficulties extending through several years, culminated in December, 1836, in the withdrawal from this church of more than twenty members, who, with others, organized the Second Presbyterian chureh of this city."

July 16, 1876, the pastor of the church, Rev. Howard Kingsbury, preached an historical sermon on the fortieth anniversary of the Second church, from which is gleaned the following history of that congregation.

Stating the causes which led to the organization of this church as briefly and accurately as possible, it may be said the first disaffection in the old church in this place sprang up immediately upon the call extended to the Rev. Mr. Wylie, who was not the choice of a considerable number of the congtegation. This was publicly known, and various inaffectual attempts were made to reconcile the disaffected members. At length, in February, 1836, disciplinary measures were brought against six prominent members of the church - Asa Beckwith, James Nailer, Starr Baldwin, N. H: Seymour, Thomas H. Bushnell, and James Young. Of these, all but the last two effected a compromise with the session. Messrs. Bushnell and Young determined to stand trial. Their cases were finally settled in the presbytery in the spring of that year, that body not sustaining any of the charges brought against them.

At this time the question of forming a separate church, which would not have been thought of a little while before, began to be agitated, and steps were taken in that direction. A petition was presented to an adjourned meeting of the presbytery, April 21, 1836, signed by "fifty-one members and supporters of the church and congregation of Newark, praying to be set off as a Second church in Newark. It was moved and seconded that the petition be received, and after considerable discussion the motion was put and carried in the affirmative." - ( Minutes, Presbytery of Lancaster, pp. 145, 146.) Notice was given that an appeal would be taken from this decision. Against the petition a remonstrance was presented, signed by a hundred and twenty-eight members and supporters of the church of Newark. The matter was at length referred to a committee consisting of Revs. Sam-

At a called meeting held in Newark, December 27, 1836, against the very assembling of which protests and appeals were presented by different members, a memorial was addressed to presbytery, signed by forty-five names, members and supporters of the church of Newark, asking to be organized with all who may chose to associate with them, into a Second Presbyterian church in Newark, or the dissolution of the pastoral relation between the Rev. William Wylie and the church and congregation of Newark. - (Minutes Presbytery of Lancaster, p. 171.) This was considered at length, and it was finally

Resolved, that they grant the memorialists their request, - so far as it relates to the organization of a Second Presbyterian church in Newark. - (ibid., p. 172.) and the Revs. Roswell Tenney, William H. Beecher and Charles M. Putnam, with Elders Chester Wells and Jonas Ward were appointed a committee to organize the church. This duty they carried out faithfully on December 29, 1836.

Thirty-one members of the church. at Newark presented themselves, and were duly organized into the Second Presbyterian church. Their names as they appear on the journal of that day's proceedings are Henry Shurtz, James Nailer, Matilda Edwards, Ann Nailer, Ruth Stephenson, Sarah Beckwith, Mary Baldwin, Sarah Smith, Elizabeth Breakbill, Thirza Gregory, Jonas Ward, Mary Houston, Sarah Steel, Charlotte Cook, Ann Mead, Mary Ann King, Benjamin Ells, James Young, Jane Doolittle, Sabra Ells, Sarah Young, Leah Hollar, Margaret Scott, Martha Seymour, Jennet Shurtz, Sarah Woods, N. H. Seymour, C. S. Gilbert, Starr Baldwin, Asa Beckwith, and Peter Breakbill. Jonas Ward, James Young and Asa Beckwith were elected ruling elders. Mr, Ward being an elder was installed, and the others ordained.

The church was now organized and ready for work; but the matter did not rest here. An appeal was taken from the decision of the presbytery, and.a protest against their action in forming the Second church; and from the decision of the

In May, 1838, however, the general assembly divided into two branches, known as old and new school. In the following fall the synod of Ohio divided at its meeting at Lancaster; and the new school presbytery of Lancaster held its first meeting, according to appointment, at Jersey, December 11th of the same year. Although it was not the case with the synod at large that all who had been considered "new measure" men went with the new school, and all extreme Calvinists with the old; it is stated as nearly, if not exactly, the fact that all who had opposed the organization of this'church formed the old school presbytery, while those who had favored it formed the new school. Naturally, therefore, this church sought the continued companionship and assistance of its tried friends. P

Thus, while the division of the church at large had nothing to do with the division of the Presbyterian family in this place, it nevertheless came to pass that by this greater division all ecclesiastical opposition to this minor division was ended; and the Second Presbyterian church was duly recognized by, and represented in, presbytery.

The first services of the new church were held in the school-house in the rear of the old church. Without a pastor they enjoyed the occasional services of neighboring ministers, and. at other times one of their number read a sermon.

Late in April, 1837, a young man, Alexander Duncan, who had been brought up in the city of Troy, New York, under the pastorate of Dr. Beeman, and by him prevailed upon to consecrate himself to the work of the ministry, was licensed to preach by the presbytery of Cincinnati.

He was not ordained or installed, however, until some time later, being received from the presbytery of Cincinnati, by the presbytery of Lancaster (new school) at its first meeting, December t1, 1838; and set apart to the ministry and installed pastor of this church, Thursday, April 4, 1839. Rev. W. H. Beecher preached the serm on The moderator, Rev. Jacob Little, presided and gave the charge to the people. The ordaining prayer was made by Rev. Samuel W. Rose.

In the spring of 1837 an arrangement was made with the county commissioners for the use of a jury-room in the second story of the court house.

This was fitted up at an expense of about a hundred dollars, with an unpainted pulpit and unpainted pews, which afterwards did service in the basement of the first building erected. The second year permission was given to use the same room a while longer. From this room the church was summarily ejected ; being granted time barely to remove their furniture, it having been discov- 'ered by the county commissioners that such an occupation of it by a religious society was a_perversion of its original design.

At a meeting held May 29, 1838, a committee was appointed, consisting of James Young, E. S. Woods, and Jonas Ward, "'to fix a site for a church, and report plans and expense of house built of brick or wood." proceed at once. The west half of the east half of in-lot number twenty-five, together with a narrow strip running north, had been quietly secured by Mr. Young more than a year before, with reference to this object, and by him was delivered at cost, for the sum of five hundred and twenty-three dollars. A soliciting committee was appointed, consisting of Messrs J. Young, E. S. Woods, A. Beckwith, B. Sherwood, and A. C. Edgell, who weae enabled o tprocure, on the first subscription, the amount of two thousand four hundred and 'sixty-one dollars.

Of the fifty-five names, three subscribed three hundred dollars each; two, two hundred; four, one hundred. The rest are smaller, running down to even two dollars. Among the original subscriptions was one of an eight day clock, that was sold for thirty dollars. The gentleman who had charge of it when sold, took it, set it up on the mantel, wound it and set it going. That clock is said to have celebrated the occasion by striking, not twelve the first time, but a hundred and forty-four. It evidently did its best.

July 26th, the following gentlemen were appointed a building committee: Messrs. Doolittle, Young, Beckwith, Seymour, and Woods; Mr. Seymour being appointed treasurer. All questions of detail were left to them, and on August 24th, they entered into contract with Messrs. Reeder &

Rodgers for a frame building, "thirty-eight feet by fifty-two feet, and twenty feet high, between sills and plates;" the basement to be completed by December 1st.

It was ndt ready for use until February 17,.1839, when, with glad hearts, the church, who had meantime been worshipping in a large room in the second story of Mr. Beckwith's store, on the south side of the square, took possession for the first time of a church home they could call their own.

A bass-viol that had been presented to the choir by Mr. Buckingham Sherwood, on condition that it should be used, had, unseen, lent its aid to music of that happy day; but on the next Sunday its presence was disclosed to the horror of one of the little original band of worshippers, who at once arose and withdrew, and never set foot again within the desecrated walls. The efforts of her pastor to remove her prejudice were unavailing, she persisting that she would never "sit and see any one pretending to worship God by scraping on the Devil's backbone."

March 15, 1839, the Second Presbyterian church was duly incorporated by an act of the legislature; Samuel D. King, John Metcalf, Alfred Doolittle, Asa Beckwith, Ezekiel S. Woods and JamesYoung being the corporators.

Divine service continued to be held in the humble room just described, for a little over a year, when the audience-room above was completed, and on April 16, 1840, solemnly dedicated to God. The sermon on that occasion was preached by Rev. Addison Kingsbury, of Putnam, on the text, Exodus 25:8.

The first addition to the membership of the church was on the last Sabbath of May, 1837, when eleven united with it. During that year twenty-three were added, five of them on profession of their faith, making a total of fifty-two. There was a steady growth until 1848, the largest accession being in 1842, during which year the church enjoyed a visit from Rev. Dr, Lindsley, then president of Marietta college. The interest which had for a long time been increasing then culminated, and forty-five members were added, thirty of them on examination.

January 11, 1853, Rev. Mr. Duncan resigned his pastoral charge, having been chosen superintendent of the public schools of this city. His resignation was accepted at a meeting of the church and congregation held the next day, though the pastoral relation was not formally dissolved until the spring meeting of presbytery; and he continued to supply the pulpit mainly until the spring of 1854.

In February, 1854, a proposition was made by the First church looking to the union of the two churches. The correspondence was friendly, but resulted in nothing; the main point at issue, so far as the resolutions of the respective parties indicate, being that of the ecclesiastical connection of the reunited church. Naturally the First church adhered to the old school presbytery of Zanesville; as naturally the Second church preferred the new school presbytery of Pataskala.

Rev. Simon J. Humphrey, a graduate of Bowdoin college, Maine, in 1848, and of Andover seminary in 1852, preached here six Sabbaths early in the year 1854. A call was extended to him March 8th of that year, which, being accepted, he was ordained to the ministry, and installed pastor the eighth day of the following June; Professor Allen, of Lane seminary, preaching the sermon.

That year the cholera prevailed here, and in the pastor's note-book is preserved this sad record; "Sunday, August 27th. This is the cholera Sabbath. Ten burials to-day."

In the spring of 1856 the church was enlarged by an addition at the rear, giving about a hundred new sittings. At the same time a pipe organ, costing between six and seven hundred dollars, took the place of the cabinet-organ formerly employed. Services were held during this time in the city hall, beginning March 23rd; the enlarged church being occupied for the first time on June rst.

The trustees of the church in April, 1859, purchased a house and lot adjoining the church for a parsonage, at the price of seventeen hundred dollars, to be paid in three yearly instalments.

The whole number added to the church in Mr. Humphrey's pastorate of just seven years, was eighty-nine. Financially the report for this period is about as follows:

In the spring of 1861, Rev. Mr. Humphrey, receiving a call from the First Congregational church of Beloit, Wisconsin, resigned the pastorate of this church.

The pulpit was supplied for a year, to May 1, 1862, by Rev. William Lusk, jr., and on October 14, 1862, a call was extended to, and accepted by, Rev. Rollin A. Sawyer.

Mr. Sawyer is a graduate of Western Reserve college in 1851, and of Union Theological seminary, New York, in 1857. here, he had been pastor of the Westminster church, Yonkers, New York, from February 17, 1858. He was installed over this church January 1, 1863, and continued its pastor until January 16, 1866.

Up to the close of his pastorate here, including the previous interim, when two were added, the whole number of additions to the church was forty-four.

The vacant pulpit was not filled immediately. November 4, 1866, Rev. Daniel Tenney preached his first sermon here. A call was subsequently extended to him, which he accepted January 9, 1867. He was installed pastor of this church May 1, 1867; on which occasion Rev. D. E. Beach, of Granville, preached the sermon from the text, 2 Cor. 2; 15, 16. Rev. Addison Kingsbury, D. D., of Putnam, charged the pastor, and Rey. Charles Putnam, of Jersey, who was present at the organization of the church, thirty years before, charged the people.

In November of that year the very important step was taken to determine upon a new church building. On Saturday evening, November 2d, a number of prominent gentlemen, connected with this church, called, by invitation, upon the pastor, each one somewhat surprised at the presence of others. The matter was discussed, and Mr. Tenny offered to make up the balance from the rest of the society, if they who were present would do about what he had in his thoughts assigned them. All promising not to be offended at his making figures for them, he read. the supposed subscription. But let him describe the scene for himself, as he does in a letter received from him:

'*Nobly did they respond with but slight variations from the estimates [ had made. About twelve thousand dollars were pledged that night. It was a solemn and precious hour, and as we kneeled and thanked God, every heart was deeply moved. I shall never forget that night. God wasthere. The next day, the Sabbath, November 3d, I preachedjfrom the text: 'Let us rise up and build.' On Monday I took the field to make up the balance of the subscription needed, and before night nearly twenty thousand dollars were piedged. Never, I think, were subscriptions more generously or more promptly pledged. I would like to mention the names of some of those brothers who joyfully made their ofterings of thousands into the Lords treasury for that object, but it would be invidious. But I must speak of one person who was knowing to my plan, one individual who had earnestly advised me to move, and to move at once and heartily in the matter. That person was a woman. She insisted that it could be done, and that now was the time. She would say to me again and again, go forward, and you will succeed. That noble woman was Mother King. God bless her!"

A congregational meeting was held December 23, 1867, when the following gentlemen were appointed a building committee: Messrs. William Shields, William A. King, esq., John McCune, William O. Bannister, Rev. Daniel Tenney, Albert Sherwood, John S. Fleek.

The parsonage was moved from the corner to the rear of the lot, and made to front on Second street, and the church, instead of occupying its old position, was advantageously placed on the corner, fronting Church street. Services were held in the meantime in the old building, which was removed to where it now stands, and which has since become the property of the African Methodist Episcopal church, and in the city hall.

June 13, 1868, on a beautiful Saturday evening, the corner stone was laid with appropriaie ceremonies, when Rev. H. M. Hervey, of the First church conducted the devotional exercises, Mr. Matthew Newkirk read a historical statement of the church and Sabbath-school, Mr. Tenney delivered an address, Waldo Taylor, esq., read a statement respecting the proposed building, and

Thursday, January 28, 1869, the first services were held in the lecture room, consisting of a Sunday-school festival and dedication. The following Sabbath, January 31st, was rendered memorable by the reception of twenty new members, the celebration of the Lord's supper, a dedication sermon, and the raising of two thousand dollars,

A new bell, weighing twenty-one hundred pounds, was procured largely through the efforts of Miss Martha Scott (now Mrs. Osborn), and was raised to its place May 20, 1870. That bell was rung so joyfully for the next two years that it prematurely cracked, and another was immediately obtained for it in exchange, weighing a little over fifteen hundred pounds.

Rev. Howard Kingsbury, a graduate of Yale college in 1863, and of Union seminary in 1869, was called to this church, May 8, 1871, and installed June 22d. Rev. Dr. Kingsbury, of Zanesville, preached from a part of Ephesians 4, 15, "Speaking the truth in love." Rev. A. S. Dudley, of Granville, delivered the charge to the pastor, and Rev. H. M. Robertson, of Westerville, the charge to the people.

November 27, 1872, at the suggestion of the session, who tendered their resignation, the church, after much prayer and calm deliberation, adopted the system of term eldership, the session to be constttuted of six elders, the term of office to be six years, an election of two elders to be held every two years.

At a congregational meeting, March 4, 1873, it was determined to proceed to finish the church. In due time a subscription paper was circulated, and a building committee appointed, consisting of the following gentlemen: Messrs. Adam Fleek, T. L. Clark, George Sherwood, George Markley, G H. Newkirk, T. Hi 'Sites, J. H. McCune.

On Sunday, April 12, 1874, the long looked for day arrived, when the audience-room should be consecrated to the worship of God. 'The sermon was preached bymikevarW. FE: Moore, 1). D., of Columbus, from Psalm 95, 6. 'The dedicatory prayer was offered by the pastor. Then the sacrament of the Lord's supper was celebrated, Rev. Mr. Tenney conducting the service; and the session of the First church, who had given up their own service to unite with this church on the joyful occasion, joined with this session in the distribution of the elements. Sixteen were received into the

A brief description of the church building seems appropriate at this place. It is built of brick, with Ohio sandstone finishings. It is somewhat Gothic in architecture. Its extreme length is one hundred and six feet, and extreme width sixty-two feet two inches.

The basement, entirely above ground, contains a lecture-room, with a seating capacity of three hundred and fifty; a conference-room, holding a hundred; two smaller rooms, the one the pastor's study, the other a parlor, and a library room; all, with the exception of the last, connected by sliding-doors.

The audience-room has a seating capacity of five hundred and fifty, with room to spare. Its extreme length is ninety-six feet, eleven feet of which form a vestibule, and fifteen feet a recess back of the pulpit, occupied by the choir and organ; leaving the regular proportions of the room seventy feet by fifty-five.

The financial report for the present period, - including pledges just secured for a debt of two thousand three hundred dollars still due on the finishing of the church, to be paid within a year, is substantially as follows:

It was through the influence of Mr. James Young that the first prayer-meeting ever held in Newark is due, he soliciting his pastor, Rev. Mr. Baird, although himself at the time not a professor of religion, to introduce such an agency of use- Mr. Baird replied to his He shrank from the responsibility, and the matter for the present dropped. When Mr. Miles became pastor, Mr. Young, having then become a member of the church, addressed an anonymous letter to him upon the same subject, which had the desired effect. On the next Sabbath a prayer-meeting was announced, and I suppose not a week has passed since that long-ago time, 1822, when there has not been a prayer-meeting in this city.

The Sabbath-school has always been a_prosperous Institution, varying from time to time, but on the whole gaining in numbers and interest. It was organized in, January, 1837, i. e. at the very beginning of the church, by the Rev. James Hildreth, a young licentiate from the city of New York. The pastors of the church have all been Sundayschool men, and the superintendents and _ teachers have been active, faithful and zealous. It has grown from an average attendance of about seventy-five to over two hundred. According to the annual report of the secretary, Mr. Antone Weber, presented March 26, 1876, the school consisted of six officers and thirty teachers, twenty ladies and ten gentlemen, There are three bible classes, with an enrollment of forty-two, and an average attendance of eighteen; the main school, with an enrol]- ment of ninety-six boys and one hundred and twenty-four girls, and an average attendance of fifty-six boys and seventy-five girls; and an infant class with an enrollment of seventy-three, and an average attendance of forty-five. Total enrollment, three hundred and seventy-one; total average attendance for the year, two hundred and fourteen. The whole amount contributed was two hundred and seventy dollars and thirty cents.

tained a mission in Last Newark for ten years, from October, 1858, to April, 1868. The highest enrollment was in 1859 - one hundred and twentysix scholars, eleven teachers; Mr. J. D. Parsons, superintendent. It grew gradually smaller until it was re-organized in June, 1866, and its more than fifty scholars were placed under the care of a single teacher, Miss Clara Knight, whose faithful service, unassisted and often unappreciated, was finally terminated by an attack of sickness, which put an end to the school.

Rev. Howard Kingsbury was succeeded in March, 1878, by Rev. George A. Beattie, who remained until the summer of 1880. The debt of the church was canceled during his pastorate.

The Methodist Episcopal Church of Newark. - Unfortunately the larger part of the history of this church has not been preserved. This is more to be regretted as this has generally been the pioneer church. In the advance of civilization the Methodist preachers were generally found on the picket line, and were the first to proclaim the Gospel in the wilderness. This was not always the case, but if not the first, they were, at least, among the first, and for this reason the history of this church becomes a part of the history of the territory contiguous to its location.

Rey. Mr. McDonald, a Presbyterian, was the first preacher in Licking county. This was in 1802. In 1803 the Methodist Episcopal church organized the Hock-Hocking circuit, which embraced the territory, in part, of what now forms the counties of Fairfield, Licking, Muskingum, Coshocton, Knox, Franklin, Pickaway, and Ross. Rev. Asa Shinn was appointed the intinerant to take charge of it, establish preaching places, organize classes, and generally minister to it. He made the cabin of Mr. Benjamin Green, in the valley of Hog run, a regular preaching place, which he visited once in four weeks, and where he instituted, in 1804, the first regular church organization in Licking county. It is probable that Mr. Shinn also preached about that time in the Licking valley, and, perhaps, in Newark, which had been laid out the year before (1802), but no record appears to that effect. The first man to preach in Newark was, probably, Rey. John Wright, a Presbyterian. This was in the summer of 1803. A sketch of Mr. Shinn's life will be found in the history of the Hog Run church, in Licking township.

In the autumn of 1804, Mr. Shinn was transferred to Kentucky, and Revs. James Quinn and John Meeks took his place on the Hock-Hocking circuit. There is no record that they preached anywhere else in the county than in the little church at Hog run, but it is presumable that they occasionally preached in Newark, but if they did they must have held the service under a tree, or in the cabin of some settler, as no building had been erected for church purposes, and was not erected for years afterwards.

Mr. Quinn was continued upon this circuit, being re-appointed in 1805, but he was sent to the Scioto circuit when about one-half of his second year had expired, making his whole service on the circuit, a period of eighteen months, running into the early part of 1806. Before he left the village Newark was attached to it, and his congregation usually numbered "from fifteen to thirty persons," says Mr. Smucker. Here then is the first evidence of the establishment of the first Methodist class in Newark. A small class existed here which Mr. Quinn left in 1806, composed of five or six persons, who met at the cabin of Abraham Wright, esq., an emigrant of 1802, from Washington county, Penn:

Rev. James Quinn, who organized this first Methodist class in Newark, was born in Washington county, Pennsylvania, April 1, 1775, and entered the itinerant ministry in May, 1799. He was appointed to Greenfield circuit in western Pennsylvania, but was also a missionary in the Hock-Hocking valley in December, 1799, and January, 1800, going as far as Lancaster. In 1801, he served Erie circuit, the Winchester circuit in Shenandoah valley, Virginia, in 1802, and Redstone circuit, in the Monongahela valley, Pennsy!- vania, in 1803. The next year he erected a cabin in the woods in Fairfield county, near the present village of Pleasantville, which he made his home. It was the work of twenty-six days to ride around his circuit, and he was allowed but two days at home. Mr. Quinn was a faithful and efficient minister, and continued his ministerial duties until 1842. He died at his residence in Highland county, Ohio, December 1, 1847, at the age of nearly seventy-three.

In 1805, Rev. Joseph Thrap came into the county, and Rev. Joseph Williams was appointed to the Hock-Hocking circuit. A biographical sketch of Mr. Thrap is given in the history of Hanover township, where he lived and established a church. It is not unlikely that he preached many times to the class in Newark. Mr. Williams also preached here at the same time.

In 1806, quite a number of preachers of different denominations made their appearance in Newark and vicinity. Among them wa$ Rev. John Emmett, a Methodist, who preached a number of sermons under a tree which stood on the public Rey. Peter Cartwright also made his appearance on the Hock-Hocking circuit, taking the place of Mr. Meeks, who, by reason of failing At

Stewart, jr, Martin Lincoln, Aaron Baker, Mrs. Baker and Benjamin Wilcox, a colored youth brought to Ohio from Virginia, by Captain Archibald Wilson. Three gentlemen from New England, named Curtis, Mallery and Petty, were soon added to the above list, but not long after a schism sprang up in the little church which led to the secession of Aaron Baker and a number of others. Mr. Emmett officiated as chaplain on the Fourth of July, 1507, the first Fourth of July ever celebrated in Licking county. He spent the subsequent years of his life in the Scioto valley, and represented Pickaway county several sessions in the legislature.

Rey. James Axley was assigned to this circuit in 1806, and in 1807 Revs. Joseph Hays, James King and Levi Shinn, brother of Asa, the two former having charge of the Hock-Hocking circuit. In 1808 Revs. Ralph Lotspeitch and Isaac Quinn came as regular Methodist itinerants. The former was a minister of note, who performed much pastoral labor among the Methodists in this county during this and succeeding years.

In 1809 Revs. Benjamin Lakin and John Johnson were ministers on the Hock-Hocking circuit, and, of course, supplied the Newark congregation. About that time the first court house in this county was erected - a log building - on the public square, and this was thereafter used by 'all denominations for many years, for religious meetings.

One of the most prominent of the early Methodist ministers was Rev. Noah Fidler, who came to this vicinity, settling a few miles south of Newark in 1811. Heentered the Methodist itinerancy in 1801, serving the Frederick, Pittsburgh, Erie, Clarksburgh, Botetourt and Staunton circuits, in the order named, until 1808, when he retired from the labors of a circuit preacher, and became a local minister in the Methodist church, continuing in that relation until his death, which took place in Miami county, Ohio, in 1849, at the age of seventy-one.

In 1823 this church was included in what was called Granville circuit; in 1834 in Newark circuit, and in 1840 it was made into a station, and Rev. Cyrus Brooks appointed as pastor, tion, from 1823 to 1828: In 1823-4, William Cunningham and Charles Thorne; in 1824-5, Edward Taylor and H. S. Fernandes; in 1825-6, Samuel Hamilton, Z. H. Costen; in 1826-7, Samuel Hamilton, Curtis Goddard; in 1827-8, Jacob Hooper.

On the first page of an old record appears the following subscription form, used for soliciting money for the first Methodist "meeting house" in

'""METHODIST EpiscopAL MEETING Housr. - A subscription addressed to the generous people of the town of Newark and its vicinity for the sole purpose of obtaining funds and materials for building said house in the town of Newark, on a lot obtained 'rom Thomas Reed, on Fourth street, a few rods north of the old burying-ground - We, the subscribers, from motives of friendship to the cause of religion and morality,

Newark, do covenant and agree that we will pay the sums we hereunto subscribe to our names to the trustees of said house; which said trustees shall be under bonds'to make the best use of in building the house in a good, substantial manner, according to the best of their judgment.

The following are a few of the principal subscriptions: James Hays, fifty dollars; Martin Lincoln, fifty deilars; James Bramble, forty-five dollars; William Stanberry, fifty dollars; Hugh Allen, twenty-five dollars. The remainder were Total subscription, seven hundred and seventy-one dollars: town of Newark, to the trustees of the same, relative to the cost, etc., up to the present date, a copy of which was published in the Newark Advocate and Newark Gazette:

''Due James Hays twenty-four dollars and forty-two cents, to be paid in country products by April 1st, at any place of deposit from St. Albans to Irville, on the Zanesville road.

Thomas Atherton John Channel

The house was formally received by the trustees and settlement made May 4, 1829. The preacher in charge at this time was Rev. Jacob Hooper. The trustees who began the erection of the meeting-house were James Hays, James Bramble, John Evans, Thomas Taylor, John Channel, Thomas Atherton and 'Thomas Parker. The lot (the site of the present church) cost fifteen dollars, and the deed was made August 6, 1828.

'To the ladies of Newark and vicinity: - The liberality of the ladies, in matters of public importance and utility, we believe has never been appealed to in vain. In those things that pertain to the convenience and ornament of society, they are ever ready to contribute their proportion, and from none are donations for such purposes more appropriate. It is proposed to purchase a bell for the use of this town generally, to be bung in the cupola of the Methodist church, to be rnng twice every day. The cost of the bell will be about fifty cents per pound; consequently the more there is subscribed, the larger and more useful will be the bell purchased. From the munificence of the ladies in the vicinity, and in the town of Newark, we certainly hope to be able to effect this. laudable object. Therefore, we, the subscribers, agree to pay the several sums annexed to our names."

In the fall of 1829, Rev. James Gilruth was appointed to Newark circuit, with Jacob Hooper as colleague. Leroy Swormsted was presiding elder. There were at that time sixty-nine members. In 1831 H.S. Fernandes was appointed to the charge, and remained two years and was followed by J. W. Gilbert. The church, up to 1833, seems to have been in an unfinished condition, and another subscription was taken to complete it. In 1834 - 5 bills were granted to the amount of four hundred and fifty-four dollars, which shows the cost of the building to have been, including the bell, one thousand five hundred and eighty-eight dollars. On the first of August, 1835, a property was purchased of Jabez Edwards "on the northwest corner of the town, for a parsonage, for which the sum of four hundred and fifty dollars was paid." The Sundayschool at this time numbered one hundred and five, which is the first report in the hands of the pastor.

No important changes occur during the succeeding years, except the changes of pastors. The following are the names of these after J. W. Gilbert

In 1847 Methodism felt strong enough to sustain two churches. Rev. E. B. Chase was the minister, A frame church and lot located on the north side of Main street, between First and Second streets, was purchased of the Universalists, for which they paid eight hundred dollars, and upon which they bestowed twenty-two hundred dollars in remodeling. It was dedicated to the worship of God in the fall of 1848; the sermon was preached by Bishop Hamline, At the following session of the Ohio conference, Newark in 1848, the church was divided. Rev. William F. Stewart was appointed pastor to the _ "eastern charge," and Rev. E. B. Chase was appointed to the ''western charge."

The following is a list of appointments during the twelve years of its existence, viz.: William F, Stewart, one year; John Dillon, one year; George W. Brush, two years; H. T. Magill, one year; James Mitchell, two years; J. H. Creighton, two years; W. 'T. Hand, one year; E. V. Bing, one year.

These two churches remained distinct and separate until 1860, when they were consolidated. In 1864 the erection of the present edifice was projected. Rev. L. Taft was the minister. It is situated on the ground occupied by the old church. 'The old structure was removed, and during the four years succeeding the congregation worshipped in the house used formerly by the Eastern congregation. After four years the basement was ready for use, and was dedicated to the purpose of divine worship. Rev. L. Cunningham was minister. The dedicatory sermon preached by Bishop D. W. Clark.

A heavy debt was contracted in the erection of the building which greatly embarrassed the society. In 1874 the audience-room was completed and dedicated. Rev. E. I. Jones was the minister.

The debt contracted in the first building of this church still hung upon it as a great incubus, amounting at times to ten thousand dollars. It was not until 1879 that this heavy burden was removed. The threat of a foreclosure of a mortgage held by an insurance company in St. Louis, Missouri, brought the whole church suddenly to its feet. A meeting was called, and it was determined to make a final effort to discharge the debt. The thirtieth day of April was set apart as a day of prayer. From nine o'clock in the morning until ten o'clock at night the voice of supplication was heard in the church. One lady said during these services: 'At these altars I was dedicated to God in baptism, by my parents, when I was an At the same altars I gave my hand to the minister as a member of the church, and here I took the sacred vows of marriage, and I had hoped that here my funeral rites might be performed, and must it now be forfeited and lost to the church." Before the meeting closed it was apparent that success would follow the efforts. The community was thoroughly in sympathy with the distressed Methodist church. The people, without respect te what church they might belong, said: ''No, the Methodist church cannot be sold for debt." Mr. A. B. Clark, editor of the Ameré- can, wheu the minister, Rev. Orville J. Nave, related to him the danger to which the church was exposed said, at the same time bringing his fist down upon the table, "By George! that cannot be done," and the whole city and county said amen, by willing offerings. In ninety-two days the whole amount needed, eight thousand five hundred dollars, was in the hands of the church treasurer and the debts cancelled. Too much cannot be said in praise of the unity of sentiment which prevailed among Christian people, and the liberality of many who were members of no church, in working this society out of its crisis. Much praise has justly been accorded to the minister for the successful termination of this work.

Mr. Isaac Smucker writes as follows regarding the first Sunday-school of this church. It is almost unnecessary to add that it has been kept up

"In the spring of 1831, now almost fifty years ago, there was but one church edifice in Newark, and that was in an unfinished condition, with its rough brick walls unplastered, and using slab benches instead of pews. This was the Methodist church, which stood upon or near the site of the present one, corner of

Church and Fourth streets. The community generally had contributed to its construction, and it was then being occupied jointly every alternate Sabbath by the Methodist'Episcopal society and by the Protestant Episcopal congregation, then recently organized, whose ministrations were conducted by Rev. C. P. Bronson. Both congregations being so small that neither could well sustain a Sunday-school alone, it was on consultation decided to concentrate the efforts and labors of both, and of such as were not of either congregation, in organizing a union Sunday-school. This was done by the election of Dr. Daniel Marble, of the Episcopal congregation, president of the organization, and Mr. Isaac Smucker treasurer. The names of the vice-president and secretary are not remembered, though it is believed that James Parker was chosen vice-president, and Miss Mary Ann Davis secretary. Mr. Milton Moore was the superintendent. He was of the Methodist church, and was a young man of most exemplary conduct and deportment, much given to active benevolence and good works. All the officers of this early-time union Sunday-school of half a century ago, so far as they are remembered by the only two resiaent survivors (Mrs. Dr. Marble and the treasurer), were teachers, as were also Miss Amanda Holmes, Mrs. Robert Hazlett and Mrs. Dr. Marble. The class of the last named, after her resignation, was became the wife of Mr. Milton Moore, both yet living and enjoying a ''green old age' (almost octogenarians) at Racine, Wisconsin. After a successful career of a number of years, this union school came to be the Methodist Sundayschool by the withdrawal of those of Protestant Episcopal pro- ¢livities, who organized one in connection! with that congregation, which meanwhile had built a church edifice. It may be Proper to remark that there was in this school a preponderance of Episcopal sentiment and influence, and hence the adoption and use therein of the Sunday-school ritual and liturgy of that denomination. And it may also appropriately be said that this union Sunday-school, although of ''ye olden time," was not the first, Lut the second establ'shed in Newark, the First Presbyte- Tian church having some years before organized one, which was in operation when this one was started, and which held its Meetings in the second story of our first market-house, that stood in the middle of West Main street, facing the public square, between the Newkirk and Patton corners, and which still lives, as does also the continuation of the union Sundayschool of 1831."

The Fourth Street Baptist church is now located onthe corner of Granville and North Fifth streets. It was organized in 1828, at the corner of Third and Main streets, by Rev. James Beerry.

The first members or this church were Joseph Coffman, John Vance, Peter Coffman, Margaret Coffman, Mrs. Vance, Mr. Kimpton, Mrs. Kimpton, Mr. and Mrs. Armstrong, H. Gregory and wife, Catharine Platto, Daniel Warren and wife, and some others.

The pastors besides Mr. Berry, have been Revs. H. Gear, D, E. Thomas, Granger, Benjamin Thonas, Andrews, Lamb, Clouse, Wooster, Abbott, Gates, Miller and Owens. The present membership is about two hundred and eighty.

The organization of the Sunday-school was probably coeval with that of the church, and has always mantained a vigorous existence, numbering at present, about two hundred pupils. Mr. George Blood is superintendent.

Protestant Episcopal: - The early beginnings of this church in Newark are of sufficiently modern date to be in the memory of many now living, yet it is difficult to get at anything very tangible before the regular records in the diocesan journals.