Perry Township (part 1 of 2)

Perry Township

Salem. - Dr. Benjamin Stanton began the practice of medicine and surgery in Salem, Dec. 12, 1815. He had studied with Dr. Hamilton, of Mt. Pleasant, Ohio, and for a time had an office in Camden. Salem had then no resident physician, the people of that place depending principally upon the services of Dr. Potter, of New Lisbon. He was a man of fine moral and intellectual qualities, and continued to discharge the duties of his profession with zeal and ability until the time of his death, Feb. 28, 1861.*

Dr. Daniel Williams, a Friend, settled in Salem about 1827-28, and was considered a skillful physician. Ho subsequently, with his wife, took charge of the Friends' boarding-school, at Mt. Pleasant, Ohio, at the opening of that institution, he acting as superintendent. After serving a number of years they returned to Salem, and thereafter occupied a farm, where Dr. Williams died in 1861.

Dr. Abel Carey was born in Smithfield, Jefferson Co., Ohio, in 1809. He was for eleven years associated in practice with Dr. Robertson, of Hanover, from which place he removed to Salem in 1843, and there continued practice until his death. Eight years of his busy life were passed in partnership with Dr. J. M. Kuhn, and the remainder, or a period of about five years, with Dr. J. L. Firestone.

In spite of limited means, by perseverance and applica-. tion he secured a liberal education, scholarly and professional. He was of philosophic turn of mind, genial and sympathetic, and yet ready and cool in emergencies involving professional skill and judgment. Though self-educated, he advocated liberal provision for schools, and took prominent part in the educational affairs of Salem, and was quite as earnest a worker in aid of the reformatory and philanthropic agitations of his day. As a practitioner, he kept even with the march of discovery in the line of his calling. He married, in 1843, Maria Miller, of Brownsville, Pa., by whom he had five sons and one daughter, all of whom are living. Dr. Carey died in 1872, from injuries received on New Year's day upon being thrown from his sulky.

Dr. Joseph Stanton graduated at the schools of Cleveland in 1847, and at once began practice in Salem. He remained until 1851, when he went to Akron, where he remained until his death, in October, 1855.

Dr. F. G. Young settled in practice of his profession at Salem in 1850, remained a number of years, and then removed from the place. He died about 1875 or 1876.

Dr. Reuben Schooly practiced in Salem from 1851 until his death, in 1862. He was of the botanical school, using chiefly " roots and herbs," and appears to have had a large and successful practice. He was deliberate in bis movements, and yet quick at repartee. Once, when rallied by Dr. Carey for riding slow, be responded, " Oh, doctor, I am not like you, who need to ride fast to keep ahead of the hearse."

Dr. B. W. Spear came to Salem in 1855, and after a professional life of ten years retired from practice, and is now residing on his farm in Mahoning County.

Dr. William Lyon, a graduate of Michigan University, began the practice of medicine in Salem in 1860. He was successfully practicing when attacked by heart-disease, of which he died in 1872.

Miss Elizabeth Grisseli, M.D., began life as a physician in Salem in 1869. She was a graduate of the Philadelphia Female Medical College, and during her residence in Salem established a fair practice. She removed to California about 1877.

Dr. John Harris began his professional life in Salem in 1841, and in time turned his attention to dentistry. He is not now in practice, and is living a retired life. Two sons and their families reside in Salem.

The following are physicians now practicing in the township : Dr. J. M. Kuhn, born in Alleghany County, Pa., in 1811. tie graduated, from a literary course in college in 1836, and subsequently, in 1845, from the Jefferson Medical College, at Philadelphia. He began his professional life in Hanover, with Dr. James Robertson, in 1846. Twelve years later he went West, and in 1859 settled in Salem.

Dr. James M. Hole came professionally to Salem in 1846, as partner of Dr. John D. Cope, in the management of a " water-cure" establishment. Notwithstanding these gentlemen held unqualified testimonials from leading allopathic authorities, the local adherents of that school did not take kindly to the unorthodox departure of these their brethren of the profession, but denounced it in severest terms. In 1849 Dr. Hole removed to Green Village, Mahoning Co., where he applied himself vigorously to the study and practice of eclectic medicine and surgery, - in fact, was one of the pioneers of eclectic medicine in Eastern Ohio. He obtained a large and lucrative practice. In 1858 he graduated with distinction at the Pennsylvania Eclectic Medical College, of Philadelphia, and thereafter practiced in Green Village two or three years, and later - 1860 to 1867 - in Damascus, Mahoning Co. He subsequently accepted a position in the Philadelphia University of Medicine and Surgery, as "Professor of the Theory and Practice of Medicine," and, in addition, opened an office at 933 Arch Street, Philadelphia.

Because of ill health in his family, ho resigned the professorship and returned to Salem, where he opened an office for the treatment of chronic diseases and diseases of the eye and ear. In 1878 he was offered, and accepted, a position in the St. Louis Eclectic Medical College, as " Professor of Diseases of Women and Children," and also opened an office for practice at the corner of Thirteenth and Olive Streets, St. Louis. He lectured and practiced during the winter term of the college, and again returned to his permanent residence and office in Salem. Dr. Hole, besides the professorship, holds the positions of trustee and vice-president in the St. Louis Eclectic Medical College. He was born June 14, 1822; in 1846 married Hannah Baker, and has two children, - -L. C. Hole, M.D., D.D.S., and the wife of John B. Park, - both living in Salem.

Dr. Eli Sturgeon began the practice of medicine in North Georgetown about the year 1851, where be continued fourteen years, removing thence to Salem. He at one time served as treasurer of Columbiana County.

Other prominent members of the profession in Salem are Dr. Eli Garretson, a graduate of the Philadelphia Medical University, settled in 1866 ; Dr. John L. Firestone, who opened an office in 1868; Dr. C. L. Faucett, who settled in practice in 1875; Dr. J. R. Williams, graduate of the St. Louis Eclectic Medical College, who opened an office in 1875 ; Dr. J. C. Yengling, graduate of Michigan University, who settled in 1876; Dr. James Anderson, graduate of the last-named institution, and also of New York University, who settled in 1877 ; Dr. J. A. McGuire and Mrs. Augusta Black, M.D., who each settled in practice in 1877 ; Mrs. After, a graduate of St. Louis Eclectic Medical College, who settled one year later ; and Dr. L. C Hole, who graduated in 1869 at the Philadelphia Dental College and soon afterwards began the practice of dentistry, and ten years later graduated at the St. Louis Eclectic Medical College and added the practice of medicine to his former business.

Dr. S. J. Quigley settled in practice at Calcutta about the year 1829 ; secured an extensive business in the line of his profession, which lie continued until his death, a period of forty years.

Dr. Dustin practiced in Calcutta about five years, and then removed to Pennsylvania ; and Drs. Richardson and Abraham (?) Sheets each practiced there for a time, and subsequently removed to the East.

This is the central northern township of the county, and was constituted from four sections taken from each of the townships of Butler, Greene, Goshen, and Salem.

The village of Salem was incorporated prior to the erection of the township, and is the only village in its territory. The surface of the land is generally undulating, without any prominent physical features.

The water-courses are few and small, among which the principal are the middle fork of Beaver Creek, which rises in the southern part of the township, flows in a southeasterly course, and leaves the township a little west of the southeast corner ; and the head-waters of Buffalo Creek, one branch of which rises in the village of Salem, and one in the southwest corner of the town. These branches unite a little west of the north part of the village, on section 36, and flow northerly, passing out of the township about a mile and a half east of its west boundary.

Eakly Settlement

The Friends began to push their way to the West from Pennsylvania and Virginia soon after the trouble with the mother-country had ceased and the territory of the Northwest had been organized.

Jacob Painter, from Virginia, in the year 1802, with his wife and children, - David, Sami., Abigail, and Robert, - came into this part of the country and located on section 32, township 16, range 3, and built on the farm where John Pow now lives. They first put up a tent made from the wagon-cover, which they used while building the log cabin. The days of Mr. Painter were mostly passed on the farm. His sons settled principally on the same section.

Elisha Schooley, also from Virginia, located in 1801, and built a log cabin, which in a few years he replaced with a frame dwelling. His sons settled on a part of the section.

In 1803, Samuel Davis, a sturdy follower of William Penn, a man of strong individuality, indomitable perseverence, and withal eccentric, who was born in New Jersey, and had lived several years in Pennsylvania, where he married, set out to make a settlement in this part of the country. After pushing his way along the New Lisbon road, he reached the undulating lands which occupy the northern part of Columbiana County, and determined to remain. He cut his way through the dense woods about a mile, and located on section 31, township 16, range 3, which he afterwards purchased of Samuel Smith, whose assignee he was.

Mr. Davis received a deed direct from the government, signed by Thomas Jefferson, President of the United States, and dated Aug. 9, 1806. He also later received a deed of section 33, township 16, range 3, dated March 10, 1807, and another of section 20, township 17, range 4, dated Nov. 1, 1808. The certificates for these sections had been granted some years previous. He commenced a clearing, planted wheat, and built a log cabin on the spot where, a few years later, he built the large brick house now owned by his granddaughter, Mrs. Hiddleson. At this time commenced the wondrous change which transformed the almost unbroken wilderness into cultivated fields, and built up a thriving village, vocal with the busy hum of machinery whose productions reach to the farthest ends of the earth.

known ; but in the spring of 1804, his family, consisting of his wife and children, - Rebecca, Mary, Samuel, William, Elizabeth, Rachel, and Joshua, - removed to this place, and settled in the new home. Soon afterwards others of the Society of Friends gathered about them, and in a few years constituted a considerable settlement. In 180G, Mr. Davis presented to the settlement two acres of land on which to build a meeting-house, situated on the north side of Main Street, at the corner of Ellsworth. In 1815 he laid out the tier of lots on the north side of the street. His time in later years was devoted to the management of his land.

Mr. Davis was an excellent judge of human nature, and settled more law-suits by conciliation between disputants, in the last few years of his life, than did the courts, and assisted often, financially, in adjusting compromises, his love of humanity leading him to prevent resort to "legal suasion," as he termed suits at law. Samuel Davis died April 15, 1836, at the age of seventy-three years; Mary, his wife, died April 27, 1842, aged eighty-three years.

He was always on the alert for the ludicrous, and many bits of humor arc told of him, one of which is as follows: A Dutchman went out beside a spring to indulge in a private drink from his bottle ; be there encountered Davis, whom he invited to partake. Davis at first declined, but when urged appeared to consent, remarking that he "couldn't take it undiluted." He thereupon suggested that the whisky be poured into the " run," while he drank from it just below. The Dutchman complied, and, as Davis continued to drink and called for more, the Dutchman continued to pour until the bottle was empty. All too late to save a portion for himself the Dutchman discovered that he had been duped, and that Davis had taken only water "straight." He afterwards declared, "I never had no Yankee come it over me or cheat me so pad as Sammy Davis."

The first wedding which occurred in the town was that of Rebecca, the oldest child of Mr. Davis, and David Scofield. The marriage was solemnized in the small log church which stood on the north side of the street, near where the town-hall now stands. The intention of the happy couple had been duly published at the Middleton Monthly Meeting. David saw Rebecca for the first time when she was in a clearing helping her father roll and haul logs. Almost every person in the neighborhood was invited to the wedding.

The following certificate is recorded on page 1 of the Friends' Church Record of that day, and is a verbatim copy of the marriage certificate, now in possession of Joseph Holloway, a son-in-law of Mrs. Schofield :

" David Schofield, of Columbiana County, and State of Ohio, son of David Schofield, of Campbell County, State of Virginia, and ltuehel his wifo, and Rebecah Davis, daughter of Samuel Davis, of Columbiana County, and State of Ohio, and Mary his wife, having declared their intentions of taking each other in marriage, before sovcral monthly mootings of the people called Quakers, in the county of Columbiana and State of Ohio, the proceedings of the said David Schofield and Rebecah Davis, after duo enquiry and deliberate consideration, wore allowed by the said meeting, they appearing clear of all others, and having consent of parents and parties concerned.

" Now theso arc to certify whom it may concern, that for the accomplishing their said marriage, this twentieth day of the eleventh month, in the year of ouri Lord ono thousand eight hundred and live, they, the said David Schofield and Rebecah Davis appeared in a public assembly of the aforesaid people, and others, in their meeting-house at Salem, and he the said David Schofield taking the said Rebecah Davis by the hand, did openly and solemnly declare as follows, or nearly so :

" 'In the presence of this assembly, I take this my friend Rebecah Davis to be my wife, promising, with Divine aid, to be to her a loving and faithful husband till death shall separate us.'

" ' In the presence of this assembly, I take this my friend David Schofield to be my husband, promising, with Divine aid, to bo to him a loving and faithful wife till death shall separate us.'

"And the said David Schofield and Rebecah Davis (she according to custom of marriage assuming the name of her husband) as a full confirmation thereof, and in testimony thereto did then and there to these presents set their hands.

Mary, the second daughter of Samuel Davis, married Benjamin Hawley, who came from Middleton in 1820, his father having come to that place from Chester County in 1801. Mr. Hawley built the brick bouse where the express-office now is, and lived there until 1831, when he bought the old Davis place from Joshua Davis. It contained about 100 acres, which he laid out in lots and streets. He sold all the lots except the home lot, which is still in possession of his daughter, Mrs. Hiddleson. He was a carpenter by trade, was justice of the peace a number of years, and transacted business as an adjuster of claims and conveyancer. He was one of the earliest friends of the present school system, and did much to promote its acceptance. He was one of the most useful citizens, and an honest man. Mr. Hawley died Feb. 27, 1875, aged eightyfive years.

About the year 1805, John Webb, with his family of seven sons and four daughters, moved from Hartford Co., Md., to what is now Perry township, and settled on the northeast quarter of section No. 30, where William Dunn now lives. His children were as follows: Thomas, James, John,* Ann, William, Richard, Elizabeth, Mary, Abraham, and Isaac. Of these, there is but one survivor, Isaac Webb, who is a resident of Salem, being now about eighty-seven years of age. He married Ann Jennings, daughter of Levi and Rebecca Jennings.

* John Webb built the first brick dwelling in the township and kept it as a hotel, which was afterwards known ns the "Jennings House.'' Col. Thomas Webb, his son, was born in Salem, and kept the Union Hotel, on Arch Street, between Third and Fourth Streets, Philadelphia, for ten years, also the National Hotel, on Coin Hand Street, New York. lie now lives in Massillon, Ohio.

In 1808 he moved into Columbiana County, and settled on the southwest quarter of section No. 26, now in Perry township, where they lived to a good old age, having raised a family of four sons and four daughters,- - Simeon, Levi, Sarah, Jesse, Mary, Ann, William, and Rebecca, of whom none but Ann (Mrs. Isaac Webb) and William survive. The elder son, Simeon, was in some respects a remarkable man. He was born Nov. 7, 1791, and at his death, which occurred Oct. 30, 1865, left an estate of over one and a half millions of dollars.

The eldest daughter of Ann and Isaac Webb married Uriah Wilson, and the youngest married Leonard Schilling, who came to Salem in 1847, and entered the store of J. T. & I. I. Boone. He is the oldest living merchant in the town, having had a business experience, without intermission, of thirty-two years.

Abram Warrington, with his wife, Rachel, and brother Enoch, came from New Jersey in 1804, and settled in what is now Perry, on the farm where Stacy Cooke now lives. He was supervisor of the township in 1812. One daughter married William Fisher, another married Nathan Hunt.

Job Cook, from New Jersey, came to this part of the county in 1804, in search of land upon which to settle. Meeting John Straughn,* the two went to Steubenville, where Mr. Cook entered section 1, and, having the choice of position, chose the south two-thirds, where Henry Cook, his grandson, now lives (1879). He had four children, - Jacob W., Thomas, Job, who lives in Goshen, and Mary. Mr. Cook died in 1841, at the age of ninety-three years.

John Straughn came from Bucks Co., Pa., to Salem in 1804, where, meeting Job Cook (as previously mentioned), with that gentleman he entered the whole of section 1, taking for himself the north third. Mr. Straughn stopped at the cabin of Samuel Davis for a few days until the completion of his own, which was situated on the south part of a lot now owned by James G. Brown. He lived in this cabin about a year, when he sold it for $1, and built a hewedlog cabin, now owned by Robert Tolerton and R. Y. Hampson. In this more pretentious domicile he lived until 1849, when he built the brick house now occupied by William Jennings, where he died in 1858, aged eightyone years.

Mr. Straughn, with Zadock Street, laid out the village of Salem in 1806. His children were Ann, Eliza, Joseph, Sarah, and Jesse. Ann (now Mrs. Larwell) and Eliza (now Mrs. Day) reside at Wooster. Jesse is a civil engineer at Fort Wayne, Ind.

Hugh Burns, a brother of John Burns, who settled in Butler in 1803, settled at the same time in the southwest part of what is now Perry township, where Eli Fawcett lives.

township of Perry, in 1803, and the next year sold to George Baum the southwest quarter of the section, and to Elisha Hunt - a brother of Nathan and Stacy Hunt - the southeast quarter of the section, which passed afterwards to Robert French.

Enoch Cattell, a son of Jonas Cattell, came from Brownsville, Pa., in 1812, and settled on the north half of section 36. Jonas D. Cattell, now living on the farm his grandfather purchased, was born the next year after they came. His father and mother died in 1814. He lived with Thomas French during his boyhood. When Enoch Cattell first came to Perry, David Venable and Stacy Stratton were on the farm as tenants.

Thomas French came with Zadock Street, from the same place, and located in or near Damascus, tvhere he built a brick house. A year or two after the death of his brotherin-law, Enoch Cattell, he came to Salem and took charge of the farm Enoch had occupied. He was appraiser of property in 1812. He had five brothers, - Thomas, James, Robert, John, and Barzilla.

1805 from Salem, N..J., and, with his son John, came over to what is now Salem, in the winter of 1805-6, to see friends. They intended to go down the river, which was, however, so low they could not proceed. Being much pleased with the country, Zadock purchased a quarter-section, a part of which he afterwards gave to Anna, his daughter. Anna married Robert French, and became the mother of the first child born in the town, - Zadock French, born Jan. 7, 1808.

1806 again moved to Salem, Zadock's family consisting of his wife and his children, - Anson, John, and Anna, and Thomas French, his son-in-law. John went to New Lisbon, where he kept a store about a year. He then came to Salem, bought an acre of ground at the corner of what is now Main and Depot Streets, for $12, of John Strawn, where he erected a log dwelling and store under one roof. In this he opened the first store in Salem, and, in 1807, the first post-office, which he kept. In 1832 he built a brick store where the log structure stood.

During the early part of 1806, John Strawn and Zadock Street laid out and platted the village of Salem, an account of which is given elsewhere. At this time the settlement was named " Salem," after Salem, N. J., from which they came. Zadock Street built a log house, a part of which is still in existence, in the building west of the " West Block," the logs having been covered with siding. In this log house he lived until his death, which occurred in 1808.

In 1832, Zadock Street, son of John, rented the store of his father, and kept it four years, when he built a new store. The old one was taken down in 1845, when the street called Broadway was opened. He kept a store in the east end of this building, and the "State Bank of Salem" occupied the west end. It stood about 100 feet back from Main Street, and in the centre of Broadway. Zadock, from this time, became much interested in the subject of railroads, has given it much time and attention, and has been instrumental in the construction of a railroad through the town. Prior to this he established a number of stage routes. He is still living in Salem, and is interested in the " Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals," and his time is almost entirely devoted to that object.

Joel Sharp, with his wife and two daughters, came to Salem from Egg Harbor, N. J., in 1806, bringing the family and goods in wagons and a carriage. Mrs. Sharp drove in the carriage, holding one child in her arms, while her husband cut and cleared the way. Three weeks were consumed in crossing the Alleghany Mountains. They passed through the township as far as Abram Warrington's, and finally located on the southwest quarter of section 3. They were the parents of Thomas, Simeon, Clayton, and Joel Sharp, - names favorably known throughout the county. Joel Sharp was treasurer of the township in 1814 and trustee in 1815. He died in 1820. Mrs. Sharp married Nathan Hunt in 1824. She died at the age of ninety-one years.

George Baum, an emigrant from Germany, was sold for his passage. After his labor had paid his passage-money, he came to the town of Salem, and purchased from Jonas Cattell the southwest quarter of section 36, in the year 1806. He built a log house on the farm now owned by Campbell & Boone. He was treasurer of the township in 1812-13. His daughter Ann married Robert McKim. Her father gave her land in the southwest quarter of section 10, where Mr. McKim settled, and where his descendants live.

John Blackburn came from near Chambersburg, Pa., in 1806, the year of the eclipse, with his wife, three sons, and five daughters, and settled on section 2, where his son, John Blackburn, still lives. His sons were William, John, and Joseph A. William was known as Gov. William Blackburn, and represented his district in the State Legislature eight years and in the State Senate a like period.

James Tolerton came from Ireland to Philadelphia in 1809, and to Salem in 1811, where he taught school, and was a thorough believer in " switch suasion." He was a straightforward, impetuous man, and at the division of the Society of Friends he went with the Hicksites, and was their fighting-man. He purchased 130 acres of land from Joseph Wright where Albert Phillip now lives. Later he removed to Knox township, and lived there about thirty years, when he returned to Salem and lived there until his death, in 1871, aged ninety-three. His sons, Robert and Ilili, are living in Salem.

Thomas Stanley came from Richmond, Va., and settled, in 1806, in that part of Butler township which is now in Perry. Benjamin, his son, was then fourteen years old, and afterwards helped survey, clear, and open the section west of Damascus.

Stephen Wisner, with his wife and four children, came to Salem in 1818, and bought land on Green Street, where he followed his trade, - that of a shoemaker. He was for a time justice of the peace. Mr. Wisner died Nov. 5, 1877, aged eighty-nine years. William Wisner, a son, lives in Goshen. Mrs. Samuel Wright, Mrs. Frank Birch, Mrs. Jeremiah Zimmerman, daughters, all live in Salem.

in 1807, about a mile north of the village of Salem, where his son Richard lives. He remained on the farm, and his children settled in the vicinity, - David, where Robert Tolerton now lives ; William, on the place where Joseph Fawcett now lives, 1879.

Nathan and Stacy Hunt, brothers, and natives of Moorestown, N. J., emigrated to Fayette Co., Pa., and thence in 1806 to Salem, where Nathan arrived first. Nathan was a builder and contractor, and erected the first frame dwelling in Salem, on the lot adjoining that on which the African Methodist Episcopal church stands, on Green Street. He was one of the projectors of the cotton-factory erected in Salem in 1814. In 1832 he removed to Cleveland, where he remained about ten years and then returned to Salem, where he died in 1850. His oldest and youngest sons, Ira and Nathan, sole survivors of the family, are living in Salem.

Stacy Hunt, in 1807, was employed on the meetinghouse of brick which the Friends were then erecting. He became the first foreman of the cotton-mill when it was put in operation in 1815, and in the following year married and removed to Pennsylvania, where he remained until 1829. Returning in that year, he settled on a farm two miles west of Salem, and in 1847 again made Salem his home, where he died Jan. 31, 1878, in his eighty-ninth year. His widow, Hannah, and George, a son, are living in Salem.

Jacob Painter, in 1802, located on section 32, on the farm where John Pow at present resiles. He came from Virginia with his wife and five children, - David, Samuel, Abigail, Joseph, and Robert. They belonged to the Society of Friends. The sons settled mostly in the vicinity of Salem. Joseph is living in Damascus.

Elisha Schooley, from Virginia, located where Robert Hole resides. His sons also settled in the township. Mrs. Ross Stratton, a daughter of David Painter, is a granddaughter of Mr. Schooley. Mr. Schooley in 1832 sold .he property to Thomas Horner, who lived upon it until 1870, when he moved to Salem.

About the year 1816, Israel Schooley built, on a branch of the Mahoning, a grist-mill which was operated for a period of marly or quite thirty years. The inhabitants had previously been obliged to resort to mills on the Ohio River, - a distance of twenty-four miles.

Michael Stratton, a brother of Aaron, came from New Jersey in 1806. and settled on section 25, where Joseph Launer now resides, whose wife is a granddaughter of Mr. Stratton. He was a carpenter by trade, served on a town committee in 1811, and was trustee in 1812, 1818, and 1819.

Jonathan Stanly, with his wife and three children, - Andrew, Fleming, and Abram, - came to Salem in 1806. lie bought 100 acres of land from Job Cook, where Jonathan, his youngest son, now lives. James, another son, is living in Salem. Mrs. Milley Johnson, a daughter, lives in

Jonathan Evans came from Upper Darby, Pa., in 1804, with his wife and son Philip, and settled on sections 5 and 6, where Philip still resides. His log cabin was built on the Franklin road where Ephraim Murphy lives. His other children are Mrs. Lydia Matthews, of Iowa; Mrs. Hannah Bonsall, of Green township ; Mrs. Susan Stratton, of Goshen ; Mrs. Sarah Bonsall, of California.

Israel Gaskell came from New Jersey in 1805, and settled on section No. 6. He built his first log cabin on the knoll where Zadock Street now resides, living in his wagon until his cabin was completed. He had three sons and four daughters, none of whom are living. Robert Tolerton married Zilpha, the youngest daughter. Mr. Gaskell died about 1850.

David Gaskell, Sr., father of Israel and David, lived in the village of Salem. He was interested in the organization of the Baptist church, and was the second justice of the peace in the township, William Cattell having been the first.

Benjamin Stanton, son of Henry and Abigail Stanton, was born in North Carolina, Aug. 28, 1793. In 1800 his mother, who was then a widow, removed with Benjamin and several other children to Brownsville, Pa., where they remained until the following spring, and then again removed, to Mt. Pleasant, Ohio. At the age of twenty Benjamin began the study of medicine in the office of Dr. Hamilton, of Mt. Pleasant. He opened an office in Camden, Ohio, where he remained a short time, and in 1815 settled in Salem.

The next year he married Martha Townsend, who taught school in New Lisbon in 1811 and 1812, at Beaver Falls in 1813, and afterwards, in 1815, at Salem, in the old Baptist log meeting-house on Dry Street. They lived nearly two years at the west end of Main Street, then purchased the property on the northwest corner of Chestnut and Main Streets, and in 1854 moved to the corner of Chestnut and Green Streets, where Mrs. Stanton still resides.

He practiced medicine for nearly half a century, and was respected as a physician and beloved as a man. He was a member of the Society of Friends, but the dissensions which arose in that body induced him to withdraw.

He was a leader in all good works. Religion with him was a vital, living principle, and " life was a state in which a free human being was to work out for himself a high and holy character; man, a responsible being, sustaining physical and moral relations to God and the universe ; and pure religion, the perfection of human character, consisting in the performance of the duties and obligations growing out of these relations."

Through his influence the first tax was raised in Salem to establish a district school, upon the principle that property should educate the children of the community. He was also active in the cause of temperance, and among the earliest friends of the slave before the anti-slavery cause had many advocates.

His children were Oliver, Rebecca, Laura, Joseph, David, Caroline, William, and Byron, all of whom are living except Joseph and David, who were both physicians. Joseph practiced in Akron, Ohio, and was a physician of good repute and a man of undoubted integrity. David was elected auditor-general of Pennsylvania, and became widely and favorably known. William was a lawyer, studied with his cousin Edwin M. Stanton (late Secretary of War), and now lives near Pittsburgh. Byron is a physician now practicing in Cincinnati. He was superintendent of the Northern Lunatic Asylum of the State of Ohio. Two of his daughters, Mrs. Rebecca Weaver and Mrs. Caroline Adams, are living in Salem. Benjamin Stanton died Feb. 28, 1861.

Isaac Wilson, a native of Kennett Square, Chester Co., Pa., was born in 1786. He remained in that State until about 1813 or 1814. He was in the army in the war of 1812, and served about nine months. After the expiration of his term of service he removed to Smith Ferry, Columbiana Co., Ohio, where he was connected with a paper-manufacturing company, whose headquarters were in Pittsburgh, and afterwards became a partner. He remained with the company until about 1825, when he removed to Salem and bought " a piece of land" on the south side of Main Street, where he built a hotel and store of brick, which was long known as " Wilson's Hotel." He also built a tannery, and carried on the business of tanning hides in connection with his mercantile affairs. He was a prompt and energetic business man, and gave new activity to the business interests of Salem. He was popular with all classes, and a thorough Democrat.

Jacob Heaton came to Salem in 1831, and soon after his arrival it happened that in a game of quoits, in which he was engaged with Isaac Wilson, he came off victorious. Wilson said, " Young man, any man who can beat me pitching quoits I want to work for me ; come on to-morrow morning." This circumstance determined the destiny, in a worldly point of view, of Jacob Heaton. He weut into the store of Mr. Wilson, and for a while pursued the mercantile business, but has been for many years in the insurance business. He married the daughter of Emor T. W eaver.

Mr. Heaton was one of the leaders of the anti-slavery cause in the county, and had a large acquaintance with the principal men and women connected with that movement. When the lecture course of the anti-slavery society was in full progress, Mr. Heaton conceived the idea of keeping an anti-slavery register. John Pierpont dedicated it in a poem dated March 12, 1856. Abby Kelly, William Lloyd Garrison, George Thompson, Horace Mann, Wendell Phillips, Salmon P. Chase, and many others have graced its pages with their vigorous thought. Wiliiam, a son of Mr. Heaton, resides in New York.

Isaac Boone left Adams Co., Pa., with his wife and three children, - Thomas C., James, and Phebe J., - in the year 1827, traveling in a two-horse wagon containing household goods. They wore twenty-one days on the route. Mr. Boone settled near where he still resides. He moved into a one-story house with two rooms, in one of which he opened a harness-shop; the other was used by the family. Mr. Boone has ever since continued the harness business in Salem without interruption. His son, Thomas C. Boone, is well known as colonel, during the late war, of the One

Hundred and Fifteenth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and as the present treasurer of the Buckeye Engine Company. His daughter, Phebe, married Nathan Hunt.

Marius Robinson was born in Dalton, Berkshire Co., Mass. In his tenth year he removed with his parents to Dansville, Livingston Co., N. Y. He soon after went to Utica and entered the printing and bookbinding establishment of Merrill Hastings, where he learned the trade of a printer. In 1827, when in his twenty-first year, he went south and taught school at the Creekpath mission of the Cherokee nation. While teaching he studied theology, reciting to private ministers. In 1830 he entered Nashville University, and after examination was admitted to the third year of the four years' course.

At the reorganization and opening of the Lane Seminary, under the Rev. Lyman Beecher, Mr. Robinson was the first student to arrive and enter. He remained two years, until the difficulty arose between faculty and students by reason of the agitation of the slavery question, when the whole class of which he was a member revolted and left the seminary. They hired a room at Cummingsville, and there pursued their studies during one winter. At this time Mr. Robinson had studied theology about seven years, and in the spring of 1836 was ordained to the ministry in Jamestown, Chautauqua Co., N. Y. He immediately went to Cincinnati and commenced preaching and lecturing on the subject of slavery. In August of that year he was appointed by the American Anti Slavery Society as lecturer for Middle and Northern Ohio, and from that time until 1838 he addressed assemblages from one to three times a day, when he was prostrated by sickness. His illness resulted partly from injuries received at the hands of a dastardly mob that assaulted him in Berlin one Sunday night in June, 1837. This mob carried him away to an open field about ten miles distant, where they left him, having first covered him with a coat of tar and feathers. This sickness and his ensuing feeble condition prevented him from speaking much in public for about twelve years. In 1851 he assumed the editorial control of the Anti-Slavery Bugle , upon the retirement of Oliver Johnson, and continued in that position until 1863, when he retired from its management and engaged in life and fire insurance business. He was president of the Ohio Mutual Fire Insurance Company at the time of his death. He died Dec. 8, 1878, at the age of seventy-two years and six months.

Perhaps a summary of Mr. Robinson's life and character can be best given by an extract from an article written by one of his life-long friends, Oliver Johnson :

" Mr. Robinson was a man of great sweetness and purity of life, and an earnest and eloquent champion of every principle and measure which he thought beneficial to his fellow-men. He combined great courage with great discretion, winning the respect and confidence even of those whose views differed most widely from his own. Of pure and undefiled religion, as defined by the apostle James, he was at once a defender and an exemplar. As a speaker he was full of what is usually called magnetic power, by which he was able to command the attention and sway the sympathies of his hearers. For many, years he was editor of the Ohio Anti- Slavery Bugle , the files of which are a memorial of

Early Locations

The four sections cornering on Main Street were numbered in the northwest 36, northeast 31, southwest 1, southeast 6. At that time the government sold no land in less quantities than sections. As many of the early settlers were too poor to pay for so much land, they clubbed together, one of the parties making the entry, with a previous understanding as to how it should be divided. Section 36 was divided by a line running midway from east to west, Jonas Cattell taking the north half. The south half was divided by a line running midway from north to south, Elisha Hunt taking the east half, and George Baum the west half.

Section 1 was to be divided between Job Cook and John Strawn ; the line to be run from east to west; Strawn to have one-third, and Cook the remainder. The north third fell to Straw-n in the division. Section 31 was entered by Samuel Smith, who soon disposed of it to Samuel Davis. Section 6 was entered by Samuel Davis, who sold the northwest part of it to Israel Gaskell, and the remainder, running to the east line, to Jonathan Evans.

In 1806, Zadock Street, from New Jersey, purchased Elisha Hunt's or Horton Howard's quarter, and the northeast corner of John Strawn's. On the Strawn purchase he erected a log building, in which the first store in Salem was opened, by John Street, father of Zadock Street, who is still living in Salem.*

The parchment deeds signed by the President of the United States, conveying sections 31, 33, 35, in this township, and section 20 in the township of Goshen, are in the possession of Mrs. Sarah Hiddleson, and sections 31, 33, and section 20 in Goshen were deeded to Samuel Davis.

Organization

John Strawn and Zadock Street, having chosen farm lands in this vicinity, laid out a plat of land into lots in 1806 for the purpose of settlement.

This land was at the intersection of the townships of Butler, Goshen, Salem, and Green. Inducements were offered to those coining iu to settle upon the lots, aud upon land in the vicinity. A .store and blacksmith-shop were opened, settlers representing the different trades soon gathered at the four corners, and the settlement grew slowly. To attend elections in the several townships the inhabitants of Salem and vicinity went to the town-meetings in four different directions. Jan. 8, 1830, the town of Salem was incorporated, and the election for officers of the corporation was held at that place. The civil divisions being inconvenient and the occasion of confusion, the people of Salem petitioned the commissioners of the county to form a separate township, to be called Perry. The township was set off iu accordance with the petition in 1832.

Upon a petition made by the citizens of the town of Salem in 1832, there was held a meeting on December 5th of the board of county commissioners, consist- ing of Michael Alter, Isaac Wilson, and John Smith, at which the following order was passed for the erection of the township of Perry : " Application was made by the citizens of Salem town for the erection of a township, to be composed of sections 5, 6, 7, and 8 in Salem township, 2!), 30, 31, and 32 in Green township, 25, 26, 35, and 36 in Goshen township, and sections 1, 2, 11, and 12 in Butler township.

" The board, on consideration of the application and the circumstances connected therewith, consider the application for a township a just and reasonable .one, and therefore erect said sections into a township, and call the name thereof Perry."

" At an election held by order of the county commissioners on the 21st of January, 1833, the following-named persons were elected, viz. : for Township Trustees, John Antram, Joseph Wright, Thomas Webb; Clerk, Benjamin Hawley; Treasurer, Benjamin Stanton; Constables, Isaac Wilson, Jeremiah Heaeook : Fence-Viewers, Thomas Horner, Mordecai Norton, John Fawcett; Overseers of the Poor, Israel Guskell, Jonathan Stanley."

Civil List Justices Of The Peace

John Campbell, Stephen Wisner, Jacob Snyder, Joseph Saxon, Thomas Kennett, Benj. Hawley, James Boone, A. II. Baltur, R. II. Garrigues, David M. Carey, S. D. Hardman, Lawrence A. Hall, Allen A. Thomas.

Nov. 29, 1833, Aramintha Grist was indentured to Zadock Street. She was to be instructed " in the art, trade, and mystery of housewifery;" to be trained to habits of obedience, industry, and morality ; to be taught to read, write, and cipher as far as the single rule of three; to be provided for, and be allowed meat, drink, washing, lodging, and apparel for summer and winter. She was to live with him until she was eighteen years of age, and at the expiration of such service he should give to her a new Bible and at least two suits of common wearing-apparel.

Mary Sheets was apprenticed to Alexander Burns. She was to have, at the expiration of her service, a new Bible, two suits of common wearing-apparel, a new bureau, one new wool-wheel, and a new umbrella.

Village Of Salem

A plat of Salem, now called " Original Salem," bears date April 30, 1806, was recorded in vol. i., page 75, of the records of Columbiana County, May 6, 1806, and is located on property as follows :

This plat is bounded from the alley between High and Green Streets on the north to the alley between Dry and Race on the south, and west of Range Street to one hundred and eighty feet west of Howard Street.

It was divided east and west by Main Street, which was fifty feet wide. Water Street (now Green) was parallel with it and was forty feet wide. West High or Howard Street was forty feet in width. All the lots were laid out sixty feet wide by one hundred and eighty feet in length.

An addition was afterwards made from the Straughn land on the south of one tier of lots, one hundred and eighty feet in length by sixty in width, reaching to Race Street.

Additions were made to the territory from time to time, and below is given the boundary established before the annexation in 1867, as given in the petition to the Commissioners in that year : i: Being in the county of Columbiana, and being parts of section 5 and section 6, in township 15, range 3 ; parts of section 31 and section 32 in township 16, range 3 ; part of section 36 in township 17, range 4 ; and part of section 1 in township 16, range 4; and being all the land contained in the following bounds which is not now within the limits of said village, and beginning on the south line of said section 32, and one and one-fourth miles east of the southwest corner of said section 31, run from thence north three-fourths of a mile, thence west two miles, thence south one and a half miles, thence east two miles, thence north three-fourths of a mile to the place of beginning."

" A plat of the incorporated village of Salem, amended by the order of the commissioners of said county : for the present limits of said village, begin at a stone in the middle of section 6, thence north 15-j^- chains; thence east, 3t3^q chains; thence north, 22T2^ chains ; thence 17-jl^ chains; thence north, 18 chains; thence west. 28 - /^ chains; thence south, 23° 54' ; west, 23-ptly chains ; thence south, SlfTTo drains ; thence east, 17,^- chains; thence south, Hyt/V chaiDS; thence east, 38^^ chains, to the place of beginning of the present limits. Being parts of sections 5 and 6, township 15, range 3 ; parts of sections 31 and 32, township 16, range 3; parts of section 36, township 17, ranged; and part of section 1, township 16, ranged, in said county."

Mr. Leach was brought up in the family of Joshua Wright, who lived about four miles south, on the Lisbon road. In the fall of that year they went through what is now the village of Salem, on a visit to John Spencer, a sonin-law of Mr. Wright, who lived about two and one-half miles west of that town.

As they came from the south the first house was Israel Gaskell's, situated where Zadock Street's house now stands, on Lisbon Street, and at the place where that street intersects what is now Main Street, which was then laid out. The log cabin of Samuel Davis could be seen to the northwest, on the spot where stands the Hawley House. Turning into the main street, the first dwelling was a log cabin, occupied by Price Blake as a house of entertainment, and situated on the south side of the street, on a lot now vacant, and nearly opposite Jacob Heaton's present residence. The next building was the brick meeting-house of the Friends, on the same side of the street, near where Whinnery Block now stands. Opposite stood a log school-house, about 18 by 22 feet in size. Still farther west was a hewed-log cabin, on the north side of the street, near what is now Green Street.

On the south side of the street lived Zadock Street, in a log cabin, in which he also kept a store. At this point the street intersected with the township-lines, and a road ran along between the sections. A little farther on was a hewed-log cabin, occupied by Thomas Cohn. Robert French was on the north side of Main Street, and lived where his grandson Robert now lives. Northward, about a mile distant, lived two brothers, James and Barzilla French. John Strawn lived on the south side of the main street, where a Mr. Webb now lives, south of Robert French and -Job Cook. Joseph Rhodes lived on a farm east of Job Cook, where Samuel Street now lives, while Isaac Barber lived farther west, on the north side. Jonathan Stanley lived west of Mr. Rhodes' farm, and adjoining Mr. Cook's, where his grandson at present resides. Joel Sharp lived on the farm adjoining what is now the Hope Cemetery, on the Canfield road. Jonathan Evans lived about half a mile east, on the main street, and east of Mr. Gaskell's, where his son Philip now lives.

It will be a matter of interest, perhaps, to present the business interests of the village as they were in 1842, as given in the first number of the Village Register , which appeared on the 12th of April of that year:

" Salem is situated in Columbiana Co., Ohio, about sixty miles west of Pittsburgh, and near the same distance south of Lake Erie. It contains a population of more than one thousand, and is located in the midst of a well-improved farming district. It is pleasantly situated on a slight ele-. vatiou, but the country around is for the most part level. It was laid out some thirty-five years since, but has improved more rapidly of late than formerly. Most of the houses are frame, though a considerable number are brick. It contains two woolen-manufactories, one foundry, thirteen stores, mostly extensive, six or seven drug-shops and groceries, three taverns, one tin-shop, one watchmaker-shop, two hatter-shops, seven tailor-shops, one coverlet-weaver, one stocking-weaver, and other weaving-establishments, four cabinetmakers' shops, nine boot-and-shoe shops, five coachmakers' shops, ten blacksmiths' shops, twenty-five or thirty carpenters, two chairmakers, and numerous other workshops and mechanics of various kinds, also three lawyers and four physicians, six houses for worship, and five schools."

An omission in the.first paper was supplied in the second by the addition of an " extensive plow-making establishment, then saddler and harness-makers' shops, affording employment to six or seven hands, one whitesmith, one dentist, one cooper-shop, one machine-mowing establishment. One of the woolen-manufactories furnishes employment for near forty hands."

A Wonder Of Yesterday

" There is now at Greiner's tavern, across the way from our office, an opportunity of seeing the remarkable and mysterious process of taking mysterious likenesses by the reflection of light. It is called daguerreotype, from its inventor, Daguerre.

" Wm. Rakestraw is the name of the young man who has the apparatus, and we have seen several drawings that he has taken, which for accuracy and close resemblance could scarcely be surpassed. The invention is new, and it requires but a very few minutes for a person to sit, in clear weather, to have the pleasure (or mortification, as the case might be) of seeing on a plate his head, shoulders, and visage all minutely detailed."

Tiie Present Village

Salem is situated in north latitude 40° 51', west longitude 81°, at an elevation of 1185 feet, and has a valuation of $2,108,187. In this year - 1879 - it has a population of about 4200 inhabitants, and contains ten churches (four Friends' meeting-houses, and three Methodist, one Baptist, one Disciple, one Episcopalian), four banks, one unionschool building, post-office, gas-works, three hotels, a townhouse, four insurance-offices, three newspaper-offices, - including one of a monthly journal, - express- and telegraph- offices, railroad station, many wholesale manufacturing establishments, and stores devoted to the various branches of trade. There are also twenty-one physicians, five dentists, and eleven lawyers.

Several fine brick structures are on the principal streets, among which are the " Gurney," " Pow," and " Mercantile" Blocks. The buildings of the manufacturing establishments are of brick, and extensive. Many of the residences are also of brick.

Salem Eire Department

The first official movement of the town council looking towards protection from fire and the establishment of a fire department was at a meeting of that body, May 10, 1831. Jacob Snider and Benj. Stanton were appointed a committee " to appropriate $10 to purchasing ladders and firehooks, and to provide places of deposit."

The next action was on the 11th of April, 1836, when a resolution was offered in the town council, " That a committee of three be appointed to make investigation and report to a future session of the council of what measures they may deem it necessary for the council to adopt relative to protection against damages by fire." Sami. C. Trescott, Aaron Hise, and Benj. Stanton were appointed such committee.

At the meeting of the council in June of the same year, it was resolved, " That there be six scaling-ladders provided for the use of the town in cases of fire, and that there be a suitable shed provided for their safekeeping. Sami. C. Trescott, Aaron Hise, and Isaac Boone are appointed a committee to carry the above resolution into effect."

July 24, 1836, the committee on provision against damage by fire made their report, and on motion it was resolved, " That there be an ordinance making it obligatory on each freeholder, resident in town, to provide and keep two leather fire-buckets for the house in which such householder resides, and two fire-buckets, either of leather or tin, for each house which he shall hold for rent, said buckets to be kept under such regulations as the council shall direct. J. J. Brooks and Benj. Stanton are appointed a committee to present an ordinance for that purpose to a future sitting of the council."

July 28, 1836, the council went into further consideration of the report of the committee on the subject of preventing damages by fire, aud adopted the following preamble and resolution :

" Whereas, Henry Mall and Amos Hawley have proposed to sink and put in order for use wells, each in front of his respective lots where they now reside, provided the town of Salem will be at onehalf the expense. Therefore, it is

" Resolved, That the town council of the said town accept said proposition, and authorize an appropriation for that purpose, provided said Mall and Hawley, in constructing of said wells, conform to the direction of the committee which the council shall appoint to superintend the same, and leave the wells, when completed, to the control of the council. Samuel Reynolds and Aaron Hise are appointed to superintend the. said work, and instructed to have said wells six feet wide in the clear after walling, and to have them finished with pumps."

On Oct. 26, 1836, $100 had been subscribed by citizens to procure a fire-engine, which was offered by an agent of the American Hydraulic Company. The council deeming it expedient to purchase it at the price demanded ($250),

Feb. 6, 1837, the council ordered a building erected, - 10 by 12 feet in size, and costing about $60, - in which to keep the fire-engine. It was to be placed on the Friends' property, opposite the dwelling of Amos Hawley.

On the 22d of September, 1837, it was resolved " to dig three wells in the street in the following places : one at the corner, at Wm. Chaney's house; one between the enginehouse on the corner of the street and Benj. Stanton's house; and one at the cross street, at John Street's."

Measures were taken in the councils of the town to encourage the organization of a fire company ; and on March 21 and 29, 1841, an ordinance was perfected authorizing the formation of such a company.

In April of that year a company was organized, in accordance with the ordinance, called the " Salem Fire Company." James Eggman, John Antrim, Wm. Kidd, and E. W. Williams were chosen a committee to examine the fire-engine and give it. into the possession of the company. This engine was known by the name of " Soul-grinder." I. C. Marshall was secretary of the company in 1842.

July 17, 1841, for the more efficient security of property, it was deemed advisable to purchase another fire-engine. The citizens had subscribed liberally, and the president was instructed to subscribe $166 to make the full sum needed, which was $700.

Samuel Scattergood was appointed agent of the council to make the purchase. The engine was purchased of John Agnew, of Philadelphia, and was taken in charge by the Salem Fire Company, and was known by the name of " Columbiana." It was afterwards remodeled, and, upon the organization of Deluge Fii'e Company, was given into their charge.

June 13, 1861, a committee was appointed to visit Pittsburgh to purchase a fire-engine, and upon their favorable report the hand-engine " Vigilant" was purchased for the sum of $1450, and placed under the management of the "Vigilant Fire Insurance Company;" the town-hall being enlarged to accommodate the additional fire-apparatus.

A contract was entered into between the town council and H. C. Silsby, June 25, 1869, for a rotary steam-fire engine, to cost $7500. This engine was received, and passed under the charge of the " Deluge Fire Company."

At a meeting of the town council, March 23, 1875, it was resolved that N. B. Garrigues be authorized to place a " Clapp & Jones" steam-fire engine in the village on trial, and April 20th it was voted to retain it. The total cost was $3700. It was named the " Vigilant," and given into the possession of "Vigilant Fire Company."

Fire Companies. - The first company (organized in April, 1841) was, by the ordinance, to contain twenty men. The minutes do not show that number, and it was not until November, 1847, that by-laws seem to have been drawn up. In section 1 this company was designated the " Salem Fire Company," the name previously adopted.

The two engines - " Soul-grinder" and " Columbiana" - were controlled by this company until 1869. April 6th of that year a constitution was adopted, and the company was to be known and designated as the " Vigilant Fire Company." The officers chosen were Thos. C. Boone, President; J. M. Stratton, Vice-President; Thos. J. Walton, Secretary ; Chas. Boone, Treasurer ; Peter Ambler, Captain ; Nathan Hunt, First Engineer; John Moore, John Gibbs, Second Engineers.

May 4, 1875, Thos. J. Walton, in behalf of the "Vigilant Fire Company," stated to the town council that the company had accepted the offer by the council of the new steamer.

The present officers are Thos. C. Boone, President; J. M. Stratton, Vice-President ; Thos. J. Walton, Secretary ; Wm. Cooke, Treasurer ; Nathan Hunt, First Engineer. The present membership of the company is 94.

" Deluge Fire Company" was organized in May, 1865, and took charge of the " Columbiana," and, upon the purchase by the town council of the Silsby steamer, the latter also was also given to their charge.

The first officers were T. J. Mendenhall, President; E. A. Lease, Vice-President ; C. C. Snyder, Secretary ; J. R. Vernon, Treasurer; and N. B. Garrigues, Foreman. The company enrolled 65 members at its organization.

This company was reorganized, under a new constitution, May 4, 1875. Foreman, D. B. H. Neas ; Assistant Foreman, John Marshall; First Assistant Foreman, Eugene Lease; Second Assistant Foreman, Thos. Iceman ; Third Assistant Foreman, P. Barnhouse; Fourth Assistant Foreman, Stanton Neas ; First Engineer, A. Tucker; Second Engineer, A. H. Brewster ; First Assistant Engineer, J. M. Vickers ; Second Assistant Engineer, Isaac Mendenhall ; Secretary and Treasurer, J. L. Miller. The company has at present 74 members.

" Rescue Hook and Ladder Company" was organized March 31, 1875, with Frank Webster as Foreman ; W. E. Dew, First Assistant Foreman ; W. Cassius Webster, Second Assistant Foreman; C. Bonsell, Secretary; S. Willson, Treasurer. They have at present 23 members. The officers for 1879 are as follows: Joseph Smith, Foreman; Philip Royer, First Assistant Foreman ; Chas. Strawn, Secretary ; Geo. D. Smith, Treasurer.

Water-Works

A large spring on the Davis or Hawley farm supplies the village with water. In 1860, Abel Phillips built a reservoir of brick, 24£ by 41 feet, and covered it; also a tower with two tanks, one above the other, and each 20 feet in diameter. The top of the upper tank was 26 feet from the ground. Friday, May 30th, of that year, after the pumping of the day, the water rose in the reservoir six inches in two hours, showing the spring's capacity to be about 1750 gallons an hour. A contract was made with the authorities in 4862, under which iron pipes were laid through the village, supplying water for domestic and for fire purposes. The works were sold to Daniel Roll, who sold them in 1868 to L. B. Silver, who in turn sold them in February, 1879, to A. B. Silver, of the Silver and Doming Manufacturing Company. The pumps are worked by

Artesian Well

In 1860 a number of persons in Salem, prominent among whom were John Sheets and Benjamin Pennock, put down an artesian well with the hope of finding oil. The boring was made at a point a little east of the Methodist Episcopal church on Broadway. At the depth of one hundred and eighty feet a vein of water was struck, which filled a four-inch tube and rose seven feet above the surface. This unsought spring has maintained its copious flow to the present time. The well was purchased by Abel Phillips, who leased the property, for a term of fifty years, to the gas and railroad companies, having first laid pipes to the premises of these corporations. The works are now owned by Albert R. Silver.

Salem Civil List

The township was divided into five districts soon after its organization, and, being formed from four townships, receives portion of its school fund from each. District No. 2 receives its proportion from the township of Greene ; District No. 3, from Goshen ; District No. 4, from Butler ; and District No. 5, from Salem.

In 1876 a report of the progress of the schools in Salem was prepared. Much time and attention was given to research, and the early history of education in Salem and vicinity was thoroughly reviewed. Subjoined will be found the result of such research, as embodied in the State report, prepared expressly for the Centennial Exhibition of 1876: the first school in the borough. Joseph Shreve, who was for many years engaged in a school under the direction of the Society of Friends (Quakers), wrote and published two poems on the conclusion of his teaching, and gave with them a list of the names of the Salem teachers. In one stanza he thus alludes to himself and one of the early teachers :

" This was Hannah Fisher. Judith Townsend was the first named on the list. A man named James Craig is said to have kept school in the vicinity about that time. These were undoubtedly the first teachers in the place.

" The names of Nathan Ball, Moses Stanley, Caleb Hunt, and Ann Warrington are given as teachers succeeding those above named. They kept such schools as could be made up for one quarter at a time, at a certain rate per pupil. The first schools were kept in rooms fitted for the purpose. The old meeting-house (the first built in the town) that stood back of the site of the town-hall was for a while used as a school-room. The first house, exclusively for school purposes, was a hewed-log structure, and was built where the Republican office now stands. This was done about the year 1810 or 1811. In the fall of 1809, John Shreve came to Salem (his first arrival), and he was engaged to keep a school during the following winter. In the spring he returned to Pennsylvania. After him came two lady teachers.

" It was in the fall of 1811 that James Tolerton took charge of the school, and until some time in the year 1816 he was the principal teacher in Salem. He was the father of Robert and Hill Tolerton, so well known to the citizens of Salem. He gained a great reputation for skill in training bad boys, and is said to have used the rod freely. But there is no account of any interference with his discipline by parents whose affection for their wayward sons was stronger than their judgment, which is a failing too common among the parents at this time, and too often causes the demoralization of schools, and helps fast children to the position of head of the family. Several teachers followed Mr. Tolerton, whose terms were short. Among them were (1814) Susannah Hewett, (1815) Martha Townsend (now relict of Dr. Stanton), Benjamin Marshall, Daniel Stratton, Joshua Shinn, and others.

" In April, 1822, Joseph Shreve again came to Salem, and commenced teaching in the log school house on Main Street, - the same mentioned above. For about eleven years his school was the principal one in the town. In 1827 or 1828 a brick school-house was erected on the lot, now vacant, at the corner of Broadway and Dry Streets. The expense of building was defrayed by contributions from the Friends, and the schools held in it were under the direction of their Monthly meeting. This house was built under the direction of the teacher, who was much pleased with its internal arrangements, though it was far behind the improvements of the present day. This school increased in interest, and many young persons came and boarded in Salem to attend. The teacher was in many particulars just the man for the place. He was one of the best teachers of his day, and he had the entire confidence of the Friends. His good standing in their society helped him much. The interest that he felt in his work may be inferred from the following stanzas :

" Many of his pupils afterwards became teachers, and there are many persons about Salem now who have pleasant remembrances of happy times in that school. He had several assistants at different times, among whom might be mentioned his brother Thomas and sister Eliza. In the spring of 1832 he closed his school, and published a poem on its conclusion, and also one on that of the previous winter. From them some quotations are given in this history. He afterwards engaged in the practice of medicine at Mt. Union. In this profession he was as popular and successful as in teaching. He died in 1846. In 1829-30, Mr. Samuel Ruckman kept a school in a frame house on Green Street. It was called a ' district school,' but the school system was not then in such a condition as to render much help to teachers. About the same time a school was kept in the Friends' meeting-house on Green Street by Jonathan Thomas. Some others were kept for short terms in the same house. In 1830 a brick school-house was built at the corner of Green and Chestnut Streets, and during the following winter James Tolerton was engaged there. Eliza Shreve also kept one term in that house. The next winter Mr. Jacob Heaton was teacher, and the next Martin Heckard. The latter was a rigid disciplinarian, and in many particulars a good teacher. It was about this time that Mr. P. R. Spencer first visited Salem and introduced his system of penmanship. Mr. Heckard eagerly adopted it, and taught it in his school.

" In the summer of 1834 Amos Gilbert came to Salem from Lancaster Co., Pa. His arrival and subsequent teaching made a notable era in the school interest of the place. He was a man of thought, and his greatest ambition was to set others to thinking. In teaching, natural philosophy was his hobby. He took much delight in communicating facts in nature, and he had great respect for the Pestalozzian system of education. Some time in the next year he was joined by his son-in-law, Abner G. Kirk. . In 1836 his connection with this school ceased, and 'Mr. Kirk continued in it some time longer. He was succeeded by Benjamin B. Davis, who, after a few terms, engaged with a few other persons in starting the Village Register , the first successful newspaper enterprise in the town. Several inefficient teachers followed, and the school became much demoralized. In

"Among the teachers who taught between 1843 and 1853 were Lewis T. Park, Jesse Holmes, Jesse Markham, and Wm. McClain. Col. T. C. Boone, the present president of the board of education, says he went to school in Salem to Wm. McClain in 1839 or 1840, and to Abner G. Kirk in 1843.* From this we conclude that Mr. McClain taught at two different times, and that Mr. Kirk must have taught in all about seven years. Mr. Holmes taught, with great success, for the Hicksite Friends, in 1847-48-49, first in their meeting-house and next in the brick schoolhouse built by them on Green Street, now used as a dwelling-house. After this, in the same house, Mr. McClain taught a private high-school.

" In the first schools nothing was taught but reading, spelling, writing, and arithmetic. In the schools kept by J. Tolerton and D. Stratton, grammar and surveying were taught. In J. Shreve's school the additional branches were geography and astronomy. The Latin language was first taught in a select school kept by Rev. Jacob Coon, in 1844 - 45 ; history, the higher branches of mathematics, and the natural sciences were much taught after the adoption of the union system, and to some extent before.

" The first schools were made up by subscribing an article of agreement prepared by the teacher. Each subscriber agreed to send and pay for the tuition of one or more pupils. The usual rate in the first schools was $1.50 per quarter for each pupil. Some teachers did not get more than $1. In 1830 some of the best teachers received $2 per pupil, and then the terms rose gradually to what they now are in select schools and academies. Prior to the adoption of the graded system, it was customary to have school on every alternate Saturday, and twenty-four days of teaching made a school month. In the first schools the teachers made their own specific regulations, there being then no directors or examiners. The Quaker schools were under the direction of a committee appointed by the Monthly, meeting, who had control of the house, appointed teachers, and visited the school from time to time, the teachers receiving all the tuition fees.

" History of the Salem schools since the organization of the graded system. - The records of the board of education are incomplete, all the minute-books being lost except the one now used by the clerk, which has been in use less than three years. From the medley of old papers the followingfacts have been gleaned :

"A poll-book dated April 11, 1853, shows that in accordance with the act of March 14, 1853, 110 voters assembled at the district school-house and voted for school-directors. Joseph J. Brooks received 100 votes, and Alfred Wright and Isaac Snider each 87. Mr. Brooks was to serve for three years, and it was decided by lot that Alfred Wright should serve for two years, and Isaac Snider for one year. Stacy Hunt was chairman of the election, and C. D. Bassett was secretary.

* In the second number of vol. t. of tho Village Raginter, April 19, 1842, is the notice of a seminary for young Indies. It states that Missos E. W. Richards and Leah Heaton had opened a school on tho 11th of April, "whore the various branches of a thorough English education will bo taught on tho most approved plan.''

"Among the records is a notice dated April 25, 1853, calling upon the qualified voters to meet at 10 a.ji., May 14, 1853, at the district school-house, to votejiy ballot for or against an act entitled ' an act for the better regulation of public schools in cities, towns, etc.,' passed Feb. 21, 1849. This notice was signed by James Woodruff, Henry P. Reitzell, James Brown, Jr.,* Benj. Stanton,* Peter HBoswell, Anthony Gongwer,* Lewis Keen, Philip Mathews, Clayton Sharp, j" John Harris, Joel Sharp, Allan Boyle, John Gibbons,* Wm. B. Ryus,"f Elias Wolfley,* Robert Grimmesey, R. Schooley,* T. F. Sharpnack, John Sheets,* John Callahan, Richard H. Garrigues,* Geo. B. Weaver, "j- Geo. Sheets,* J. W. Casselberry, Samuel C. Taylor, James Barnaby,* Isaac Snider, J. C. Whinnery, Jacob Heaton, Wm. C. McCracken, f Wm. Pidgeon, John Hudson, Benjamin Wisner, F. H. Bently, Wm. McClain, j* Wm. H. Garrigues, f B. W. Casselberry, Isaac G. Thomas, Simeon Sharp, and J. W. Grimmesey. f

" The names marked with a star are of persons deceased, and those with a dagger of persons not now residents of Salem. Capt. Jacob Heaton secured the signatures to the notice.

" The election was held and the law adopted, although the poll-book has not been found. A poll-book dated May 30, 1853, shows that 102 persons voted for members of the board of education required by the law of 1849. The persons elected were Isaac Snider (85) and Jacob Heaton (81) for three years, Richard Garrigues (78) and John Harris (85) for two years, and Clayton Sharp (80) and Eli Davidson (51) for one year. Alfred Wright had one vote for three years; John Hudson, one for two years, and 48 for one year.

" We learn from a bond for $2000, dated June 13, 1853, signed by Jacob Heaton, Jonas D. Cattell, and Geo. B. Weaver, that Jacob Heaton was appointed treasurer for one year.

" It seems from bills for teaching, presented to Messrs. Brooks, Wright, and Snider in their brief reign, that S. M. Galbreath, J. Markham, E. S. Seymour, C. E. Siple, M. Hambleton, and N. Plummer had been teaching within the year preceding the change iu the law.

"A report by J. Markham of his school for the term beginning April 11 and ending July 1, 1853, shows an enrolment of1 104 males, 139 females, and an average daily attendance of 62 males and 82 females.' The branches taught were Orthography, Reading, Writing, Arithmetic, English Grammar, and Geography.

" A certificate, dated July 22, 1853, issued to Miss Rebecca Stratton, signed by Joseph S. II. Grimes, Benj. Stanton, and Thomas Y. French, shows that the board of education had appointed these gentlemen as local examiners. The certificate was valid for nine months, and included, besides the ordinary branches, Natural Philosophy, Chemistry, Physiology, Botany, and Algebra. On the 27th they issued a certificate to Mrs. Rebecca McClain, valid for the same time, including Painting and Drawing in addition to the ordinary branches.

" Nine-month certificates for the ordinary branches were issued on the 27th to May A. Boswell and Miss C. H. Pinkham, signed by Messrs. Grimes and Stanton. Mr. Grimes omitted the H. in his signature in all the certificates named except that to Rebecca Stratton.

" Mr. Win. McClain, who had been teaching a highschool on Green Street, was employed by the board of education to take charge of the high-school under the graded system. Jesse Markham was also employed to superintend all the grades below the high-school.

" In 1854 the board of education employed as superintendent Mr. A. Holbrook, for the last twenty years principal of the National normal school, Lebanon, Ohio. He gave one hour extra labor per day to induce the board to allow him three hours per day for supervision of the several departments. From three departments he reorganized the school into six departments, giving each teacher the exclusive charge of about 40 pupils. Mr. Holbrook was paid $1200 a year, - a larger salary than was paid at that time by any village in Ohio for a superintendent.

" Reuben McMillan, for several years past the successful superintendent of the public schools of Youngstown, Ohio, followed Mr. Holbrook in 1855, and continued as superintendent and principal of the high-school for six years. He says, ' I found the schools in good running condition, as left by my predecessor, Mr. Holbrook. I found a good corps of teachers and an energetic wide-awake set of pupils that would have done honor to any town. During my connection with the school the number of pupils increased, so that new rooms had to be rented and occupied till the new building on Fourth Street, commenced in 1860, could be finished. During that time the Friends' school was suspended, which gave the public schools an accession of many choice young people. Their house was occupied by one of our primary schools.

" ' During my administration in connection with the highschool, there were 204 females and 156 male students, a very large per cent, of whom are still living, and most of them are intelligent and useful citizens, and are in honorable professional or business positions in Salem and elsewhere. Of these at least 103 became teachers, some for a time ; others are still teaching.'

" In 1861 the board employed as superintendent the Hon. H. H. Barney, the first State commissioner of common schools of Ohio, at a salary of $1000. He entered upon his duties at the beginning of the winter term in 1861, and resigned a few weeks after the beginning of the fall term of 1862. Under his administration the board prepared and published, in pamphlet form, a full list of rules and regulations.

" The 16th of August, 1864, W. D. Henkle entered upon the duties of superintendent, and continued to serve for eleven years, except two years, from 1869 to 1871, when he served as State commissioner of common schools, which office he resigned to return to Salem. When absent his place was filled by Prof. M. C. Stevens, principal of the high-school, who conducted the schools without any change of plan. In each of these eleven years the superintendent prepared, and the board caused to be published, a sixteenpage pamphlet giving full statistics of the schools, thus making the record complete for these years. The schools were numbered from 1 to 10, the latter being the highschool. A pupil remained one year in each room, until he reached No. 9, in which he remained three years, thus making eleven years' preparation to reach the high-school. The average age of the pupils on entering the high-school was nearly seventeen, thus giving them more maturity than is found in the schools of many cities. In this eleven years the examinations were all conducted by the superintendent, who also examined all the papers of the written examinations. The number of examinations conducted in the year 1873-74 was 1024. Mr. Henkle served at different salaries, - one year at $1000, two years at $1200, one year at $1500, one at $2000, one at $2250, and three at $2500. Mr. Stevens' salary as superintendent for two years was $1500.

" In 1875, Mr. Henkle having succeeded the Hon. E. E. White in the editorship of the Ohio Educational Monthly and National Teacher, the board of education employed Capt. Wm. Wood, late superintendent of the public schools of Findlay, Ohio, to manage the schools. Since his administration began, last September, several material changes have been made in the coui'se of study in the high-school, the grading and the mode of conducting the examinations, etc. These are referred to more specifically under the head of 1 Present Organization.'

The High-School

" The high-school of Salem was organized immediately after the adoption of the graded system in 1853. Previous to its organization select schools of a higher grade had existed, and had been very extensively patronized by the town and surrounding country. In these the higher branches of mathematics seem to have occupied a prominent place, and continued to do so after the change. As a rule, the classics and studies relating to languages have found less favor among Friends - the early settlers and fashioners, to a great extent, of public sentiment in Salem - than mathematics and natural science.

" The high-school from its earlier days maintained a high order of excellence both in discipline and acquirements ; its pupils were taught to think , to compare , to judge for themselves, to regard the education of the school-room as a means rather than an end.

"No regular course of study was ever insisted on until 1864, when, under the supervision of W. D. Henkle, a course was prescribed and rigidly adhered to through his administration. Since his retirement this course has been so modified as to make Latin elective. At present it stands as follows :

" It has not been at any time the aim of the high-school to prepare pupils for college. Its ordinary classes have furnished ample facilities for such preparation, with the exception of Greek, which has been met by private teachers.

" The standard for admission to the high-school has varied little for the past ten years ; in brief, it may be said that a good knowledge of the common branches and American history will admit all applicants.

" At first, and for a number of years after the adoption of the union system, the superintendent was ex-officio principal of the high-school.

" The growing exigencies of the school finally demanding nearly all his time and attention in supervision, the offices are now, and have been since 1874, entirely distinct.

" Miss Jennie Breckenridge was associated with Mr. Holbrook as teacher. Under the superintendency of Mr. McMillan, Mr. Howard Gilbert, assisted for a brief period by Miss Ryder, taught the principal classes. To these succeeded, in 1857, Mr. T. E. Suliot, whose name is to-day held in grateful remembrance by pupils both in the Old and New World, and Miss R. A. Prunty. Mr. Suliot's connection with the school ceased in 1862, and Miss Prunty continued her faithful labors till 1866, when she resigned to become the wife of Dr. J. L. Firestone. Mr. T. C. Mendenhall succeeded Mr. Suliot in 1863, and remained three years. In 1866, Mr. Horace Hollister and Miss M. A. Southard assumed the management, Mr. Hollister remaining one year, and Miss Southard five. Mr. M. C. Stevens, the present able principal, has held the office since 1867, with the exception of two years filled by Mr. A. Blunt, when Mr. S. acted as superintendent. Miss Southard's place has been occupied successively by Miss Mary B. Wakefield, one term ; Miss S. J. Bushee, and Miss S. A. Platt, the present occupant.

" The public schools of Salem in all their departments have been an object of just pride and gratification to its citizens. Especially is this true of the high school. May they long continue a centre of light and knowledge to the community 1

Present Organization

" Board of Education : Col. T. C. Boone, President ; R. A. Kirk, Treasurer; Judge P. A. Laubie, Eli Sturgeon, M.D., Mayor M. V. Dunlap, and J. P. Hogan ; Clerk, William Eastman.

"There are twelve grades, numbered from 1, the lowest, to 12, the highest. Grades 9, 10, 11, and 12 constitute the high-school. With a single exception, there is but one grade to a teacher below the high-school.

" In the course of study adopted this school year the work of each year is divided into terms' work, and a programme is arranged to complete it, and is posted in the respective rooms.

" In all the grades below the high-school, Reading, Spelling, Arithmetic, Music, and Penmanship are taught ; Objects and Common Things, Composition and Drawing, in Grades 1, 2, 3, and 4; Geography and Map-Drawing, in Grades 4, 5, and 6 ; and a review once a week, in 7 and 8 ; Elementary Physics, in Grade 7 ; Grammar, in 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8.

" The superintendent takes entire charge of the classification of the schools, and examines the two lowest grades in principal studies, orally as well as in writing, near the close of the school year. He occasionally holds other special examinations, both oral and written.

" Boards of Education. - The reputation of the schools has been largely due to its efficient boards of education, who have sought to employ first-class teachers.

" The first board under the law of 1849 was elected in 1853. Jacob Heaton and Isaac Snider were chosen for three years, Richard Garrigues and John Harris for two years, and Clayton Sharp and Eli Davidson for one year. At the following election two members were regularly chosen to serve three years. In 1S54, John Hudson and Eli Davidson were chosen ; in 1855, John C. Whinnery and Samuel Chessman ; in 1856, Jacob Heaton (63)* and Stacy Hunt (65) ; in 1857, Allan Boyle (51) and Albert French (52) ; in 1858, J. C. Whinnery (131) and W. P. West (104) ; in 1859, Jacob Heaton (132) and John Hudson (137) ; in 1860, Allan Boyle (?) and Abel Carey (?) ; in 1861, Calvin C. Brainard (144) and Alex. Pow (90) and Wm. P. West (86), to serve out the time of Dr. Carey, removed from the district into the country ; in 1862, J. C. Whinnery (263) and John W. Fawcett (177); in 1863, Jonathan K. Rukenbrod (179) and Charles R. Taber and Wm. Eastman (178), to serve for two years in place of John W. Fawcett ; in 1864, Calvin C. Brainard and Alex. Pow ; iu 1S65, J. C. Whinnery and Wm. Eastman ; in 1866, Charles R. Taber (95) and J. K. Rukenbrod (69) ; in 1867, Alex. Pow and C. C. Brainard and E. II. Price, one year ; in 1868, Wm. Eastman (298) and Allan Boyle (192); in 1869, L. B. Lockard (134) and J. K. Rukenbrod (143); in 1870, Peter A. Laubie (273) and Thomas C. Boone (255) ; in

1871, Robert Y. Hampson aud Allan Boyle; in 1872, Eli Sturgeon and Martin V. Dunlap; in 1873, P. A. Laubie and T. C. Boone; in 1874 no election could be held, in consequence of the repeal of the law of 1849 and the adoption of a codified school law; in 1875, R. A. Kirk and J. P. Hogan.

" Dec. 4, 1851, John W. Fawcett was appointed in place of John Hudson, who had entered the military service ; Aug. 28, 1862, Wm. Eastman in place of J. W. Fawcett, who had entered the army ; Nov. 3, 1866, E. H. Price in place of J. C. Whinnery, who had moved from the district ; and in 1868, L. B. Lockard in place of C. R. Taber, deceased.

" The following persons have served on the examining board : Rev. J. S. H. Grimes, Dr. Benj. Stanton, Thomas Y. French, Dr. John Harris, Rev. A. B. Maxwell, Rev. J.

Ecclesiastical

Society of Friends. - The first settlors of the town were members of the religious Society of Friends, who first gathered for religious purposes, in the summer of 1804, in the log cabin of Samuel Davis (the pioneer settler), which stood on the spot where now stands the residence of Mrs. Sarah Hiddleson, better known, perhaps, as the Hawley house. A little later, Samuel Davis donated to the society two acres of ground for meeting-house purposes, being the square now inclosed by Main, Green, Ellsworth, and Chestnut Streets. On this plat of ground a double log cabin was erected, the chinks Avhereof were stopped with wooden blocks and mortar, and was used for meetings and school purposes.

Quarterly meetings were held at Westland, Monthly meetings were held at Middleton in 1804-5, aud Quarterly meetings established at Salem in 1808, the sixth month. In 1807 the society belonged to the Bed Stone Quarterly Meeting, and in 1813 to the Baltimore Yearly Meeting.

In the summer of 1807 a meeting-house of brick, and about 25 by 50 feet in size, one story high, was erected on the south side of Main Street, nearly opposite the log cabin. Joel Sharp and Aaron Stratton were the principal carpenters. The ground for this edifice was given by Israel Gaskell, aud is inclosed by streets called Main, Dry, Kange, and Broadway.

The demand for village lots increased as the village grew, and it was decided by the Friends to sell the frontage of both plats on Main Street.

A short time prior to 1828 the leaven of the principles of Elias Hicks began to work among the Friends in this vicinity, and in 1828 a separation took place, two factions being formed, known as the " Orthodox" and " Ilicksite" bodies.

The Hicksites organized with about 25 or 30 families, and retained a portion of the property originally deeded to the Friends by Samuel Davis. On this land they built an addition to a building owned by Dr. Benjamin Stanton, which had been used for a district school, where they worshiped till 1845, when they erected the present meeting-house, on the same property, at what is now the corner of Ellsworth and Green Streets. The first preaching in the new house was by Elias Hicks.

The society is not large, many of the members having removed to the West. Meetings are held regularly. This branch belongs to the Ohio Yearly Meeting. The Salem Quarterly Meeting embraces this society in this county ; Smith, in Mahoning County; Deer Creek, in Portage County ; and New Brighton, in Beaver Co., Pa.

The Orthodox Friends, after the separation, retained the portion of the original property on Dry Street, and worshiped in the brick edifice built in 1807 until 1845, when they erected, at a cost of $4000, the large and commodious brick edifice, 50 by 80 feet in size, which they now occupy. Amos Kimberly was a regularly-established preacher in the

Disturbances began to arise in Quarterly and Yearly meetings owing to the differences of opinion between the followers of John J. Gurney and John Wilbur, which resulted in a separation on the second Saturday of November, 1856, at Salem, into two strong factions, known as the " Gurneyites" and " Wilburites." Each party claimed the property, and each sold it, giving therefor a quit-claim deed, J. Twing Brooks becoming the purchaser in 1871. The Gurneyites purchased that portion of the property where the meeting-house stood, and where they still continue to worship. They embrace about sixteen families and thirteen parts of families, and number eighty-five members. Monthly meetings are held at Salem, Quarterly meetings at Damascus and Mt. Pleasant alternately.

The Wilburites, with the proceeds of their portion of the property, purchased a lot on the corner of Sixth and Ellsworth Streets, and erected a meeting-house at a cost of about $1 1,000. They number over sixty-three families, and their Yearly meeting is held at Barnesville, Ohio.

Primitives. - Other difficulties arising, and a portion of those who still remained with the Gurney faction becoming satisfied that they could not stay the progress of what they termed the Gurney defection, and further, owing " to the isolation of those who could not conscientiously join in measures which they knew would compromise the fundamental truths of their profession," a separation became necessary, and in 1860 some eighteen members separated from the main body and became known as the Primitives. They belong to the general meeting of Folsington, Bucks Co., Pa.

First. Baptist Church. - The first record to be found of a Baptist church in Perry township is in a deed from John Straughan and Mary Straughan, dated Nov. 10, 1809, conveying lots 55 and 56, on the corner of what is now Depot and Dry Streets, for the sum of $1400, to David Gaskell, Sr., Joseph Willets, and Joseph White, of Columbiana County, as trustees of the regular Baptist church. This deed is recorded in Book B, page 169, Columbiana County clerk's office.

John Spencer and wife, Clarissa McConnor, and Mary Straughan were early members. Soon after the lots were purchased, a small log church was built on the southeast corner of the property, where the present building stands. In 1820 a small brick house was built for worship on Depot Street, about the middle of the lots.

On the 22d day of November, 1823, an organization was effected and a church constituted, embracing forty members.* March 6, 1824, it was voted "that Isaac T. Gilbert, Rineer H. Swem, and David Gaskell be our trustees, to succeed

David Gaskell, deceased, Joseph Willets, and Joseph White, as trustees for the Baptist meeting-house lot in the village of Salem." Nov. 6, 1824, Revs. John Brown and Thomas Miller were requested to preach once a month. The church belonged to the Palmyra Association.

In November, 1825, John Sheets and David Gaskell were appointed a committee "to ascertain on what terms the house on the Baptist lot can be obtained of the subscribers to the same, and report to next meeting."

Thomas Miller was the first regular pastor, and was succeeded by the Revs. John Cleavland Brown, Davis Rigdon, Rogers, Freeman, Williams, Blake, Matthias, Inman, Phillips,

The church continued its meetings for several years, and, in 1867, at a meeting held February 2d of that year, it was resolved that the books, papers, and property be turned over to a Baptist church to be organized Feb. 12, 1867. Forty-two members joined the Baptist church of Salem, and the old church became extinct.

Second Baptist Church. - This church was constituted, Nov. 8, 1840, from members of the First Baptist church of Salem, who thought best to separate therefrom by reason of differences of belief on tbe questions of slavery and temperance.

Nov. 14, 1840. - James Eggman, Wm. Kirtland, Daniel McCurdy, Joseph Goulbourn, and Abraham Webb were elected trustees, and Daniel McCurdy clerk.

Dec. 12, 1840. - The trustees were authorized to purchase the house and lot belonging to the Methodist church, situated on Green Street. This property was purchased, according to a report made Jan. 9, 1841, for the sum of $180. The society at this meeting called the Rev. Mr. Morris to be their pastor ; which call was accepted. The pastors who succeeded Mr. Morris, and who were regularly called, were Revs. S. R. Willard, Francis Green, and A. G. Kirk. Others preached for a short time.