BlockBefore

Armstrong County, Texas

27 topographic sheets and 2 fire insurance atlases across 1 place.

Research this county

From the record

2 National Register listings published here, 1 of them a National Historic Landmark.

Sources: the National Register database, National Park Service

Texas within the United States
Armstrong County within Texas

What the record shows

  • 1 place in this county was surveyed for fire insurance: Claude, between 1921 and 1932.
  • 2 fire insurance atlases survive for the county. Topographic coverage is national; fire insurance survey reached only incorporated places with something worth insuring.
  • 56 topographic sheet readings cover the county's settlements.
  • 2 properties here are on the National Register of Historic Places: 1 building and 1 district.
  • The Geographic Names Information System records 7 populated places in this county; 7 are covered by at least one topographic sheet.

Photographs

13 photographs, 2014

Taken for the Office of War Information and the Farm Security Administration, who photographed the country between 1935 and 1944. Works of United States government photographers, with no known restriction on use. Each opens its catalogue record.

A lizard pauses to evaluate an intruder into its turf on the floor of Palo Duro Canyon in Armstrong County in the Texas panhandle
A lizard pauses to evaluate an intruder into its turf on the floor of Palo Duro Canyon in Armstrong County in the Texas panhandle
Highsmith, Carol M, 2014. Library of Congress
The "Lighthouse," the signature formation in Palo Duro Canyon State Park in Armstrong County in the Texas panhandle
The "Lighthouse," the signature formation in Palo Duro Canyon State Park in Armstrong County in the Texas panhandle
Highsmith, Carol M, 2014. Library of Congress
Path and rock formations in Palo Duro Canyon State Park in the Texas panhandle
Path and rock formations in Palo Duro Canyon State Park in the Texas panhandle
Highsmith, Carol M, 2014. Library of Congress
A distinctive "hoodoo" rock formation near Capitol Peak in Palo Duro Canyon State Park in Armstrong County in the Texas panhandle
A distinctive "hoodoo" rock formation near Capitol Peak in Palo Duro Canyon State Park in Armstrong County in the Texas panhandle
Highsmith, Carol M, 2014. Library of Congress
A distinctive "hoodoo" rock formation near Capitol Peak in Palo Duro Canyon State Park in Armstrong County in the Texas panhandle
A distinctive "hoodoo" rock formation near Capitol Peak in Palo Duro Canyon State Park in Armstrong County in the Texas panhandle
Highsmith, Carol M, 2014. Library of Congress
A mountain biker tests a rugged path amid the rock formations in Palo Duro Canyon State Park in the Texas panhandle
A mountain biker tests a rugged path amid the rock formations in Palo Duro Canyon State Park in the Texas panhandle
Highsmith, Carol M, 2014. Library of Congress
A highlight of the "Texas" outdoor musical drama, staged in the Pioneer Amphitheater carved from the rocks of Palo Duro Canyon southeast of Amarillo in the Texas Panhandle, are majestic rides along the canyon rim by Paul Lundergeen, aboard his white stallion, Ghost. Following his initial gallop, more than 60 performers take the stage to tell the story of the Lone Star State in song and dance
A highlight of the "Texas" outdoor musical drama, staged in the Pioneer Amphitheater carved from the rocks of Palo Duro Canyon southeast of Amarillo in the Texas Panhandle, are majestic rides along the canyon rim by Paul Lundergeen, aboard his white stallion, Ghost. Following his initial gallop, more than 60 performers take the stage to tell the story of the Lone Star State in song and dance
Highsmith, Carol M, 2014. Library of Congress
J A Ranch Headquarters, Corrals, Paloduro, Armstrong County, TX
J A Ranch Headquarters, Corrals, Paloduro, Armstrong County, TX
Photographer not recorded. Library of Congress
J A Ranch Headquarters, Main House, Paloduro, Armstrong County, TX
J A Ranch Headquarters, Main House, Paloduro, Armstrong County, TX
Photographer not recorded. Library of Congress
J A Ranch Headquarters, Post Office, Paloduro, Armstrong County, TX
J A Ranch Headquarters, Post Office, Paloduro, Armstrong County, TX
Photographer not recorded. Library of Congress
Charles Goodnight Ranch House, Goodnight, Armstrong County, TX
Charles Goodnight Ranch House, Goodnight, Armstrong County, TX
Photographer not recorded. Library of Congress
J A Ranch Headquarters, Paloduro, Armstrong County, TX
J A Ranch Headquarters, Paloduro, Armstrong County, TX
Photographer not recorded. Library of Congress
"J. A. " Milk & Meat Cooler, National Ranching Heritage Center (moved from TX Route 207 & Farm Road 2272, Claude, Armstrong County, TX), Lubbock, Lubbock County, TX
"J. A. " Milk & Meat Cooler, National Ranching Heritage Center (moved from TX Route 207 & Farm Road 2272, Claude, Armstrong County, TX), Lubbock, Lubbock County, TX
Photographer not recorded. Library of Congress

Places on the National Register

2

Every property in this county listed on the National Register of Historic Places, with the year it was listed and the federal nomination document.

Photograph PropertyType ListedReference
Goodnight, Charles and Mary Ann (Molly), Ranch Housebuilding200707000988
J A Ranchdistrict196666000807

The county from the air

32 shown

Flown by the U.S. Geological Survey between 1937 and 1989, the Aerial Photo Single Frames collection is the definitive mid-century view of the land: fields, roads and rivers as the camera saw them. The Survey holds 1,029 frames inside the rectangle that bounds this county; the 32 frames below were taken over the county itself, chosen across the decades of flights (at most four a year from that rectangle), so one flight cannot crowd out the rest. The full set is free to browse and download at EarthExplorer under the dataset Aerial Photo Single Frames.

U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1953-07-21, scale 1:20000
1953-07-21, scale 1:20000. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.
U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1953-07-21, scale 1:20000
1953-07-21, scale 1:20000. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.
U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1953-07-21, scale 1:20000
1953-07-21, scale 1:20000. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.
U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1953-07-21, scale 1:20000
1953-07-21, scale 1:20000. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.
U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1954-10-12, scale 1:60000
1954-10-12, scale 1:60000. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.
U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1954-10-12, scale 1:60000
1954-10-12, scale 1:60000. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.
U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1954-10-12, scale 1:60000
1954-10-12, scale 1:60000. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.
U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1954-10-12, scale 1:60000
1954-10-12, scale 1:60000. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.
U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1962-02-18, scale 1:31000
1962-02-18, scale 1:31000. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.
U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1962-02-18, scale 1:31000
1962-02-18, scale 1:31000. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.
U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1962-02-18, scale 1:31000
1962-02-18, scale 1:31000. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.
U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1962-02-18, scale 1:31000
1962-02-18, scale 1:31000. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.
U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1964-09-06, scale 1:12000
1964-09-06, scale 1:12000. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.
U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1964-09-06, scale 1:12000
1964-09-06, scale 1:12000. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.
U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1964-09-06, scale 1:12000
1964-09-06, scale 1:12000. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.
U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1964-09-06, scale 1:12000
1964-09-06, scale 1:12000. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.
U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1967-05-12, scale 1:24400
1967-05-12, scale 1:24400. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.
U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1967-05-12, scale 1:24400
1967-05-12, scale 1:24400. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.
U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1967-05-12, scale 1:24400
1967-05-12, scale 1:24400. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.
U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1967-05-12, scale 1:24400
1967-05-12, scale 1:24400. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.
U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1973-06-01, scale 1:24000
1973-06-01, scale 1:24000. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.
U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1973-06-01, scale 1:24000
1973-06-01, scale 1:24000. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.
U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1973-06-01, scale 1:24000
1973-06-01, scale 1:24000. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.
U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1973-06-01, scale 1:24000
1973-06-01, scale 1:24000. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.
U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1976-01-27, scale 1:80000
1976-01-27, scale 1:80000. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.
U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1976-01-27, scale 1:80000
1976-01-27, scale 1:80000. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.
U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1976-01-27, scale 1:80000
1976-01-27, scale 1:80000. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.
U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1976-01-27, scale 1:80000
1976-01-27, scale 1:80000. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.
U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1977-02-18, scale 1:41090
1977-02-18, scale 1:41090. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.
U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1977-02-18, scale 1:41090
1977-02-18, scale 1:41090. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.
U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1977-02-18, scale 1:41090
1977-02-18, scale 1:41090. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.
U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1977-02-18, scale 1:41090
1977-02-18, scale 1:41090. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.

Weather records

3 stations, 1 gage

The thermometers that kept this county's weather, and the gages that measured the flow of its streams, as the federal records hold them. The extremes below are measured values from those records, not estimates.

The 1950 census, district by district

7 districts

Who lived here in 1950, one enumeration district at a time, as the Census Bureau described each district. Each row opens its official National Archives result, with Population Schedules and ED Maps available there.

  • 6-1BN/A
  • 6-1AN/A
  • 6-2Justice Precinct 2: Claude city
  • 6-3Justice Precinct 2 - That part outside Claude city
  • 6-4Justice Precinct 3
  • 6-5AN/A
  • 6-5BN/A

Wildfire, 1998 to 2020

213 fires

Every wildfire the federal occurrence database records inside this county: 213 of them, burning about 124,290 acres. 63 started naturally and 4 were recorded as arson. Each settlement page carries the fires within five miles of it.

Reported cause Fires
Natural63
Missing data/not specified/undetermined53
Equipment and vehicle use45
Debris and open burning17
Railroad operations and maintenance12
Power generation/transmission/distribution9
Smoking9
Arson/incendiarism4
Recreation and ceremony1

The five largest, by the area the report gives. None of them was recorded as arson.

DateCause SizeReported by Name on the report
8 May 2018Natural75,530 acresTexas A & M Forest ServiceMALLARD
2 April 2018Debris and open burning14,824 acresTexas A & M Forest ServiceFM 294
21 May 2006Natural11,475 acresTexas A & M Forest ServicePALO DURO EAST FIRE
5 March 2002Debris and open burning4,200 acresTexas A & M Forest ServiceHIGH PLAINS - 1
18 April 2018Missing data/not specified/undetermined2,000 acresTexas A & M Forest ServiceARMSTRONG COUNTY FIRE
8 July 1998Missing data/not specified/undetermined1,602 acresTexas A & M Forest ServiceHARRELL RANCH FIRE
24 August 2011Natural1,200 acresTexas A & M Forest ServiceARMSTRONG ASSIST FIRE
9 May 2018Missing data/not specified/undetermined1,000 acresTexas A & M Forest ServiceSUMMER FIELD

Every settlement page carries the fires within five miles of it - see the settlement index below.

Storms, 1955 to 2026

60 of 507 shown

The NOAA Storm Events Database holds 507 reports for this county, causing no deaths, no injuries and about $1,195,370 in recorded property damage. Each settlement page carries the reports that name it.

Kind of event Reports
Hail318
Thunderstorm Wind115
Tornado48
Flash Flood11
Flood10
Heavy Rain5

The most serious of them, by death, then injury, then recorded damage. The accounts are quoted exactly as the forecast office filed them.

WhenEvent Place namedHarm What the report says
May 2013Thunderstorm WindWashburn$500,000A decaying thunderstorm produced a localized downburst on US Highway 287 about 5 miles east of the Interstate 40 and US Highway 287 split (Armstrong County). A tractor trailer that was traveling on US Highway 287 was hit by this downburst and was blown over. No Injuries were relayed with this report from the Armstrong County Emergency Manager.
July 1995HailClaude$100,000no account filed
March 2000Thunderstorm WindClaude$80,000Power lines were blown down and there was damage to some barns.
June 1994Thunderstorm WindClaude$50,000no account filed
September 2025Thunderstorm WindWashburn$40,000A truck and camper flipped over on US 287 a mile east of Washburn.
August 1999Thunderstorm WindClaude$40,000An eighteen wheeler truck was blown off the road.
June 2002Thunderstorm WindClaude$35,000Cars were reported blown off the roads. Numerous trees and powerlines were also reported blown down.
July 2024HailWayside$30,000Large hail fell for about 15 minutes at an outdoor adventure park on the north rim of the canyon with the largest hail up to around ping pong size. At least 3 RVs were damaged and had skylights broken out. Porta potties were also blown about 40 feet from the thunderstorm winds.
March 2021Tornado (EF0)Washburn$30,000Continuation from a tornado that started in Randall County. The supercell underwent another odd handoff from the Palo Duro Canyon tornado near Highway 1258 which was documented by storm chasers in the area. Again, both the initial and new developing tornado co-existed for a period of time creating a wide damage path Near County Road 1 in Armstrong County. This tornado path remained in very rural country with few damage indicators and was likely stronger than suggested by the very limited rating. Along the path the tornado snapped a few small diameter power poles and destroyed a couple out buildings. It also pushed over a semi before it dissipated just north of Highway 287.
March 2007Thunderstorm WindClaude$28,000Sheriff dispatch reported damage to the fire house and other buildings.
July 1987Tornado (F2)not stated$25,000no account filed
June 1984Tornado (F1)not stated$25,000no account filed
April 1973Tornado (F2)not stated$25,000no account filed
August 2006Thunderstorm WindClaude$21,000A wood frame barn seven feet tall...fifty feet long...and twenty feet wide was moved twenty feet by the high winds. The barn crushed two horse trailers...a small grain silo and a chain link fence.
June 2025HailClaude$20,000A supercell thunderstorm slowly moved through and south of Claude. It produced a swath of hail ranging from quarter size to grapefruit size. The largest hailstones that measured 3.5 inches and 4.25 inches occurred around ten miles south of Claude.
March 2021Tornado (EF1)Washburn$20,000This is a continuation of a tornado that started in Randall County. After crossing Palo Duro Canyon and the county line, the tornado stayed in open county and did minimal damage. It performed another rapid and complicated tornado handoff to the Palo Duro Canyon to Washburn tornado very close to the county line near the intersection of 1258 and Goathead Road as a new circulation took over.
July 2002Thunderstorm WindClaude$20,000Damage was reported to the roofs of two barns.
May 1998Thunderstorm WindWashburn$15,000Two vehicles were blown off U.S. Highway 287 with one overturned.
June 2008Tornado (EF0)Claude$11,000Photographic evidence supported a landspout tornado in Claude. The tornado destroyed a carport and snapped an eight inch diameter tree two feet above the ground. Also...house windows were blown out. The tornado path length and path width were estimated.
April 2007Thunderstorm WindClaude$11,000At least eight irrigation pivots were damaged by the high winds. No injuries were reported.
June 2008Thunderstorm WindWashburn$9,000The public reported that the thunderstorm wind gust lifted shingles off the roof of a home.
August 2007Thunderstorm WindWashburn$9,000The roof was reported blown off of a barn with additional tree and shingle damage in the town of Washburn. No injuries were reported.
April 2007Thunderstorm WindWayside$8,000A five hundred gallon cattle feeder was blown over and pushed uphill fifty feet.
May 2002Thunderstorm WindWayside$6,000Telephone poles were reported broken along with metal twisted and tree limbs down.
March 2021FloodClaude$5,000Minor street flooding in the city of Claude. Some accumulating hail being reported as well. Lasted from about 1630 CST to 1800 CST.
July 2021Thunderstorm WindWashburn$5,000A roof was taken off of a front porch. Also a heavy duty swing-set was blown over and several tree limbs were blown down.
July 1999Thunderstorm WindWashburn$5,000A storage building was blown over and large tree branches were downed.
June 1994Thunderstorm WindWashburn$5,000no account filed
April 2007Tornado (EF1)Wayside$4,000This tornado formed about two miles south of Wayside in Armstrong county at 1945 CST. Power poles were reported to be damaged and the public reported seeing the tornado drop into Palo Duro Canyon. No injuries were reported.
September 2025Flash FloodClaude$3,000Highway 207 between Conway and Claude was closed due to three feet of water over the highway.
April 2010Tornado (EF1)Goodnight$3,000The tornado touched down three miles south of Goodnight in Armstrong County at 1620 CST and then lifted at 1643 CST eight miles northeast of Goodnight. The tornado was on the ground for approximately eleven miles with a maximum path width of one hundred yards. Two power poles were reported broken just southwest of Goodnight along with considerable damage to barbed wire fencing.
June 1984Tornado (F1)not stated$2,500no account filed
May 1975Tornado (F0)not stated$2,500no account filed
June 2008HailWashburn$2,000The public reported that the large hail broke the windshield on a vehicle and also broke a window of a home.
June 2012Thunderstorm WindClaude$250The Texas Department of Transportation reported that thunderstorm wind gusts blew down three inch diameter tree limbs from a pine tree. There were no reports of injuries or fatalities.
May 1982Tornado (F0)not stated$30no account filed
May 1982Tornado (F0)not stated$30no account filed
May 1977Tornado (F1)not stated$30no account filed
May 1977Tornado (F1)not stated$30no account filed
March 2026Thunderstorm WindGoodnight-A 58mph wind gust was measured from a shower near the Goodnight mesonet site.
June 2025Thunderstorm WindGoodnight-The mesonet station located 15 miles west southwest of Clarendon gusted to 65 mph at 1640CDT and continued to gust above 58 mph until 1646CDT. The peak gust of 83 mph occurred at 1642CDT.
September 2025Thunderstorm WindClaude-A peak wind gust of 64mph was measured at the mesonet site located ten miles east-northeast of Palo Duro Canyon. This occurred at 901pm. The first severe wind gust of 60mph was measured at 8:58pm and the last severe wind gust of 59mph was measured at 9:03pm.
September 2024Thunderstorm WindClaude-A photo of a land spout was submitted via | social media. No damage was reported.
June 2023HailGoodnight-The sizes of hail reported were between 1.5 and 2.75 in diameter.
June 2023Tornado (EFU)Goodnight-This tornado was viewed by storm spotters and captured on video footage. However, it did not produce damage and was generally in an open field.
May 2022Thunderstorm WindGoodnight-Mesonet station located SE of Claude.
April 2022HailWashburn-Multiple reports of 1 to 1.25 in diameter were received between 1918 CDT and 1926 CDT across portions of southwest Amarillo. Some of these reports came in from NWS employees and some came from the public.
April 2022HailGoodnight-Several reports from a storm chaser came in for hail between 1 and 1.75 in diameter along HWY 207 south of Claude.
May 2022Thunderstorm WindGoodnight-From the station located SE of Claude.
July 2022Thunderstorm WindClaude-First wind gust was 58 mph at 1817CDT. Peak wind gust of 71 mph was measured at 1825CDT. Last severe wind gust of 65 mph was measured at 1831CDT.
March 2021HailClaude-A severe thunderstorm dropped large hail from penny size to golf ball size hail across the city of Claude.
March 2021Tornado (EFU)Goodnight-The track of this tornado is not accessible by road, but was noted on radar and documented by storm chasers in the area.
July 2021HailClaude-Reported mostly quarter size hail with a few stones as large as golf balls. It was also said that a cotton field two miles to the west was completely destroyed.
June 2020HailWashburn-Quarter size hail fell 3 miles east-southeast of Washburn.
June 2020Thunderstorm WindClaude-The West Texas Mesonet station 12 miles southwest of Claude measured gusts in the 63 to 68 MPH range during this time period. The highest gust of 68 MPH occurred at 20:15.
July 2020Thunderstorm WindGoodnight-This gust was measured at the JA Ranch West Texas Mesonet station located 4 miles east of Palo Duro.
July 2020Thunderstorm WindGoodnight-The JA Ranch West Texas Mesonet station located 4 miles east of Palo Duro measured gusts in the 59 to 66 MPH range. The highest gust of 66 MPH occurred at 1555CST.
June 2019Thunderstorm WindWashburn-Late report from social media, of wooden structures being blown over and damaged.
June 2019Tornado (EF0)Goodnight-Based on a National Weather Service damage survey, this tornado touched down around 1043 PM, 4 miles southeast of Goodnight and lifted at approximately 1049 PM CDT, 4 miles east of Goodnight, TX. The tornado was rated an EF-0 with an estimated peak wind speed of 70 mph, consistent with the minor damaged observed.
June 2019Tornado (EF0)Goodnight-Based on a National Weather Service damage survey, this tornado touched down around 1055 pm, 5 miles east of Goodnight and lifted at approximately 1104 pm CDT, 4 miles east-northeast of goodnight. The tornado was rated an EF-0 with an estimated peak wind speed of 85 mph consistent with damage observed.

Mines and quarries

5 recorded

The Survey's mineral resources record lists 5 workings inside this county. 4 still produce and 1 is closed or unrecorded. Each settlement page carries the workings within five miles of it.

Commodity Workings
Sand and Gravel, Construction4
Diatomite1

The least common of them first, because a county's hundredth gravel pit says nothing its first ten did not.

Where SiteCommodity StatusRecorded
UnknownDiatomiteUnknown
Box Canyon PitSand and Gravel, ConstructionProducer
Currie PitSand and Gravel, ConstructionProducerGravel, Sand
Mc Geehee No. 2 PitSand and Gravel, ConstructionProducerGravel
Panhandle Gravel West Currie PitSand and Gravel, ConstructionProducer

Every populated place in the county

7

Named settlements recorded in the Geographic Names Information System, each with the topographic sheets covering it. Villages, hamlets and abandoned places alike. Each is shown with the nearest named watercourse or landform and the survey quadrangle it falls on. The 1 place that was also surveyed for fire insurance comes first, with the number of atlases and photographs held for them.

Recorded here

Claude, Texas

8 topographic sheets and 2 fire insurance atlases, 1921 to 1932

Everything this county holds

The complete index, with nothing left out. Each of these is a separate record with its own page: a federal survey report, or the case file that argued a property on to the National Register. Both are public domain and reproduced word for word.

Surveyed structures

7 structures

Provenance

  • Topographic sheets. USGS Historical Topographic Map Collection, county index, measured from the bulk metadata.
  • Fire insurance maps. Library of Congress Sanborn collection, faceted to this county.
  • Photographs. Each place queried individually against the Library of Congress Prints and Photographs search.
  • Wildfire. Short, Karen C. 2022. Spatial wildfire occurrence data for the United States, 1992-2020 [FPA_FOD_20221014]. 6th Edition. Fort Collins, CO: Forest Service Research Data Archive. https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2013-0009.6 Collected with United States Government funding and usable without additional permissions or fees.
  • Mines and quarries. USGS Mineral Resources Data System (MRDS) https://mrdata.usgs.gov/mrds/ A work of the United States government, no copyright under 17 U.S.C. 105.
  • Storms. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, Storm Events Database https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/stormevents/ A work of the United States government, no copyright under 17 U.S.C. 105. Narratives are quoted verbatim from the National Weather Service report and are not edited or summarised.