La Crosse County, Wisconsin - The whole text, 1881 (part 3 of 16)

By an act of the legislature, approved March 30, 1 854, a " State Lunatic Asylum " n-as directed to be built at or in the vicinity of Madison, the capital of the State, upon land to be donated or purchased for that jnirpose. By a subsequent act, the name of the asylum was changed to the " Wisconsin State Hosjiital for the Insane.' This was the third charitable institution established by the State. The hospital was opened for patients in July, 1S60, under the direction of a board of trustees appointed by the governor. .\11 insane persons, residents of Wisconsin, who, under the law providing for admission of patients into the hospital for treatment, become residents therein, are maintained at the expense of the State, provided the county in which such patient resided before being brought to the hospital f'nys the sum of one dollar and fifty cents a week for his or her support. .A.ny patient can be supjiortei by relatives, friends or guardians, if the latter desire to re!ie\e the county and State from the burden, and can have special care and be provided with a S[)ccial attendant, if the e.\i)ense of the same be borne by parties interested. The hospital is beautifully located on the north shore of Lake Mendota, in Dane county, about four miles from Madison.

At the general election in the Fall of 1S54. for members from Wisconsin to the thirty-fourth congress, Daniel Wells, Jr, was chosen from the first district ; C. C. ^Vashbu^n, from the second, and Charles Billinghurst from the third district. Billingluirst and Washburn were elected as republicans - that party having been organized in the Suiainer previous. ^Vclls was a democrat.

The year 1S54 was one of prosperity for:\^'isconsin, to all its industrial occupations. Abundant crops and increased prices were generally realized In' the agriculturist. It was a year also of general health. It was ascertained th.at the amount of exports during the year, including lumber and mineral, exceeded thirteen millions of dollars.

The eighth regular session of tlie State legislature commenced on the loth of Januarv, 1S55. C. C. Sholes was elected sj^eaker of the assembly. The senate was democratic ; the assembly, republican. On joint ballot, the republicans had but one majority. On the 1st of February, Charles Diirkee a reinibiuan, was elected United States senator for a lull term of six years from the 4th of March next ensuing, to fill the |ilace of Isaac P. Walker whose term would expire on that day. .-Xmong the bills passed of a general nature, was tjne relati\e to the rights of married women, providing that any married woman, who^e husband, eitlier from drunkenness or Jirofligacy, should neglect or refuse to provide f.r her support, should have the right, in her own name, to transact business, receive and collect her oun earnings, and ai)ply the same for her own "''.'-ppt)rt, and educaticin of her children, free from the control and interference of her husband. I he legislature adjourned sine iiic on the second of -Aj^ri!, after a session of eighty-three days. Orsamus Cole having been elected in this month an associate justice of the supreme court in I'lace of Judge Samuel Crawford, whose term of office would expire on the thirty-first of May of tiiat year, went into office on the first day of June following, for a term of six years. His ofiice therefore end on the thirty-first of May, 1S61.

On the 27th of -May, 1S55, Hiram A. Wri-ht, superiniendcnt of public instruction, died at Prairie da Chien. On the iSth of June following, the governor appointed A. Constantine Barry to fill his place. On the 5th of July, Garland, the owner of the rescued fugitive slave Glover, having brought suit in the United States district court for the loss of his slave, against Booth* the trial came on at Madison, resulting in the jury bringing in a verdict under instructions from' the judge, of one thousand dollars, the value of a negro slave as fixed by act of congress of 1850. The constitution of the State requiring the legislature to provide by law for an enumeration of the inhabitants in the year 1S55, an act was passed by that body, ai, proved March 31, of this year, for that purpose. The result showed a population for Wisconsin of over five hundred and fifty-two thousand. In November, at the general election, the democratic ticket for State officers was declared elected: Wilham A. Barstow, for governor; Arthur McArthur, for lieutenant governor; David W. Jones, for secretary of State; Charles Kuelin, for State treasurer ; William R. Smith, for attorney general; A. C. Barry, for superintendent of public instruction; William M. Dennis, for bank comjjtroller; and Edward McGarry for State prison commissioner* The vote for governor was very close; but the State canvassers declared Barstow elected by a small majority. The opposing candidate for that ottice was Coles Bashford, who ran as a. republican

The year 1855 was a prosperous one to the farmers of Wisconsin as well as to all industrial occupations. There were abundant crops and unexampled jjrlces were realized.

On the seventh day of January, 1S56. William A. Barstow took and subscribed an oath of office as governor of Wisconsin, while Coles Bashford, who had determined to contest the right of Barstow to the governorship, wiint, on the same day, to tiie supreme court room, in Madison, and had the oath of ottice administered to him by Ciuef Justice Whiton. Bashford afterward* called at the executive office and made a formal demand of Barstow that he should vacate the gubernatorial chair ; but the latter respectfully declined the invitation. These were the initiatory steps of " Bashford :x Barstow," for the office of governor of Wisconsin.

The fight now commjnced in ear.iest. Oa t'le eleventh, the C(;ansel for Bashford called upon the attorney general and requested him to file an inlormation in the nature of a ,y//o> li'arranto against Barstow. On the fifteenth that ofiieer complied with the request. Tiiereupou a summons was issued to Barstow to appear and answer. On the twenty-second, Bashford, by his attorney, asked the court that the inlormation filed by the attorney general be discontinued and that he be allowed to file oae, which request was denied by the court. While the motioa was being argued. Barstow, by his attorneys, entered his appearance in tlie case.

On the second of February, Barstow moved to quasii all proceedings for the reason that the court had no jurisdiction in the matter. This motion was denied by tiie court ; that tribunal at the same time deciding that the filing of the motion was an admission by Barstow that the allegations contained in the information filed by the attorney general were true.

On the twentv-nr^t of February, the time appointed for pkudlng to the information, Barstow, by his attorneys, presented to the court a stipulation signed by all the parties in the case, to the effect that the board of canvassers liad determined Barstow elected governor; that the secretary of State had certified to his election ; and tiiat he liad taken the oath uf ofhce. They submitted to the court whether it had jurisdiction, beyond the certificates, of those facts and the canvass so made to inquire as to the number of votes actually given for Barstow, - Bashford offering to prove that the certificates were made and issued through mistake and fraud, and that he, instead of Barstow, received the greatest number of votes. This stipulation tiie court declined to entertain or to pass upon the questions suggested ; as they were not presented in legal form. Barstow

Wisconsin' As A State

On the day appointed, Barstow filed his plea to the effect that, by the laws of Wisconsin regulating the conducting of general election for State officers, it was the duty of the board of canvassers to determine who was elected to the office of governor ; and that the board had found that he was duly elected to that office. It was a plea to the jurisdiction of the court. A demurrer was interposed to this plea, setting forth that the matters therein contained were not sufficient in law to take the case out of court ; asking, also, for a judgment against Barstow, or that he answer further the information filed against hirn. The demurrer was sustained ; and Barstow was reijuired to answer over within tour days ; at the expiration of which time the counsel for Barstow withdrew from tlie case, on the ground, as theyalleged, that they had appeared at the bar of the court to object to tlie jurisdiction of that tribunal in the matter, and the court had determined to proceed with the case, holding and exercising full and final jurisdiction over it; and that the) could take no further steps without conceding the right of that tribunal so to hold. Thereupon, on the eighth of March, Barstow entered a protest, by a communication to the supreme court, against any further interference with the department under his charge by that tribunal, '' either by attempting to transfer its flowers to another or direct the course of executive action." The counsel for Bashford then moved for judgment upon the default of Barstow.

A further hearing of the case was postponed until March iS, when the attorney general filed a motion to dismiss the proceedings ; against which Bashford, by his counsel, protested as being prejudicial to his rights. It was the opinion of the court that the attorney general could not dismiss the case, that every thing which was well pleaded for Bashford in his information was confessed by the default of Barstow. By strict usage, a final judgment ought then to have foU lowed ; but the court came to the conclusion to call uponBashford to bring forward proof, showing liis right to tlie otlice. Testimony was then adduced at length, touching the character of the returns made to the State canvassers; after hearing of which it was the opinion of the court that Bashford had received a plurality of votes for governor and that there must be a judgment in his favor and one of ouster against Barstow; which were rendered accordingly.

The ninth regular session of the legislature of Vv'isconsin connnenccd on the ninth of January, 1S56. William Hull was elected speaker of the assembly. The senate had a republican majority, but the assembly was democratic. On the eleventh Barstow sent in a message to a joint convention of the two houses. On the twenty-first of March he tendered to the legislature his resignation as governor, giving for reasons the action o( the supreme court in "Bashford :s. Barstow," which tribunal was then hearing testimony in the case. On the same day Artliur McArthur, lieutenant governor, took and subscribed an oath of office as governor of the State, aiterwards sending a message to the legislature, announcing that the resti^nation of Barstow made it his duty to take the reins of government. On the twenty-fifth, Bashford called on Ml .Arthur, then occuijying the executive otTice, and demanded possession - at the same time intimating that he preferred peaceable measures to force, but that the latter would be employed if necessary. The lieutenant governor thereupon vacated the chair, when the former took the gubernatorial seat, exercising thereafter the functions of the office until his successor was elected and qualified. His right to the seat was recognized by the senate on the twenty-fifth, and by the assembly on the tv.-eiity-seventh of .March, 1S56. This ended the famous case of" Bashford :s. I'arjtow," the firat and only '' war of succes-sion '" ever indulged in by Wisconsin.

'I'he legislature, on the thirty-first of March, adjourned over to the third of September, to dispose of a congressional land grant to the State. Upon re-assembling, an important measure wa-, taken up - that of a new a]jportionment for the legislature. It was determined to increase the number of members from one hundred and seven to one hundred and twenty-seven. The session closed on the thirteenth of October. The general election for members to the thirty-fifth congress. held in November, resulted in the choice of John H. Potter, from the first district ; C. C. Washburn from the second ; and Ch.irles Billinghurst, from the third district. They were all elected as republicans. The presidential canvass of this year was an exciting one in the State. The republicans were successful. Electors of that party cast their five votes for Fremont and Dayton.

The year 1S56 was not an unprosperous one, agriculturally speaking, although in some respects decidedly unfavorable. In many districts the earlier ;)art of the season was exceedingly dry, which materially diminished the wheat crop. Other industrial interests were everywhere in a flourishing condition.

The legislature commenced its tenth regular session, at Madison, on the fourteenth day of January, 1S57, with a republican majority in both houses. \Vyman Spooner was elected speaker of the assembly. For the first time since the admission of the State into the Union, a majority of the members of both houses, together with the governor, were opposed to the democratic party. On the twenty-third the senate and assembly met in joint convention, for the purpose of electing a United States senator in jilace of Henry Dodge, whose term of office would expire on the fourth of March next ensuing. James R. Doolittle, republican, was the successful candidate for that office, for a full term of six years, from the fourth of March, 1857. The legislature adjourned on the ninth of March, 1857. At the Spring election. Judge Whiton was re-elected chief justice of the supreme court for a term of six years.

The second reformatory State institution established in ^Visconsin, was, by an act of the legislature, approved March 7, 1S57, denominated a House of Refuge for Juvenile Delinquents, afterward called the State Reform School, now known as t!ie Wisconsin Industrial School for Boys, and is located at Waukesha, the county seat of Waukesha county. The courts and several magistrates in any county in ^\'isconsin may, in thcr discretion, sentence to this school any male child between the ages of ten and sixteen years, convicted of vagrancy, petit larceny, or any misdemeanor; also of any ofi'ense which would otherwise be punishable by imprisonment in the State prison ; or, of incorrigible or vicious conduct in certam cases. The term of commitment must be to the age of twenty-one years.

At the State election held in November of this year, the republicans elected A. W. Randall governor; S. 1). Hastin_5, State treasurer, and Edward M. .McGraw. State prison commissioner. The democrats elected E. 1). Caniiibell, lieutenant governor; 1>. W. Jones, secretary of State; Gabriel Bouck, attorney gener.'d ; L. C. Draper, su])erintendent of public instruction, and J. C. Sipires, bank comptroller.

The year 1S57 was a disastrous one to Wisconsin, as we" as to the whole country, in a financial point of view. Early in the Fall a monetary panic sweju over tlie land. A number of prominent operators in the leading industrial pursuits v.-ere obliged to succumb. Agriculturally the year was a fair one for the State.

Randall's administration began on tiie fourth day of January, 1S5S, when for tlie first time he was inaugurated governor of the State. On llie eleventh of January tlie legislature rorntnenced its eleventh regular session, w.ih a republican majority in both houses. Frederick S. L'lvell was elected speaker of the assembly. The legislature adjourned j.v.r dit- on the seventeenth of M.irrli, after an unusu.illy long session of one hundred and tuent} -five davs. '" That a large majority of the laeinbers were men ol integrity, and disposed for the puhlic weal, can not l- iloubted; but they were nearly all new members, and without former legislative experience. [ hcv »et out to accomplish a great good, by holding up to public scorn and execration the wholesale- hrilieries and iniquities of the immediate past ; but they lacked concentration of effort, and. I'l.r want of union and preconcerted action,_they failed to achieve the great triumph they sought, by nnividinga 'sovereign remedy ' for the evils they exposed."

At the regular session of the legislature of 1S56, an act was passed for a general revisi-n of the laws of the State. Under this, and a subsequent act of the adjourned session of that year, [!'.rec commis.sioners - David Taylor, Samuel J.Todd, and F. S. Lovcll - were appointed "to ci'llect, compile and digest the general laws " of \\'isconsin. Their report was submitted to the livislature of 185S, and acted upon at a late day of the session. The lav.-s revised, wliich received !:ie sanction of the legislature, were published in one volume, and constitute what is know as the Revised Statutes of 183S.

At the Fall election, John F. Potter from the first district, and C. C. Washburn from thi second district, both republicans, were elected to the thirty-sixth cong^e^s ; while C. H. I.irrabee, democrat, was elected to rejjresent the third district.

The twelfth regular ses^iion of the Wisconsin legislature commenced on the twelfth of J.iiuiary, 1S59, with a republic:Mi majority in both houses. William P. Lyon was elected speaker A the assembly. The legislature adjourned si'/ii: dk on the twenty-first of March, 1S59, after a >e»iioa of sixty-nine days. At the regular sjiring election, Byron Paine was chosen associate justice of the supreme court, fur a full term cf six years, as the successor of Associate Justice .Smith. As it wa.^ a question when the term of the latter ended - whether on the 31st day of .May, 1S59, or on the first Moiida\- in January, 1S60 - he went through with the I'cirmality of r':5i:.;ning iiis office, and the governor of appointing Paine as his successor, on the 20th of June, I >5(y. On the twelfth of April, 1S59, Edward V. M'hiton, chief justice of tlie sujjreme court, 'bed at his residence in Janesville. The office was filled by executive appointment on the 19th nf the same month - the successor of Judge Whiton being Luther S. iJixon. Late in the Summer both political parties put into the field a full state ticket. The rejmblicans were successful - electing for governor, Alexander W. Randall for lieutenant irovcrnor, B. G. Xoble ; for secretary of state, L. P. Harvey; for state treasurer, S. D. Hastings, for attorney general, James li. Howe; f.)r bank comptroller, G. Van Steenwyck ; for superintendent of public instruction, J. L. Pickard ; for state prison commissioner, H. C. Heg.

Alexander W. Randall was inaugurated- the second time as governor of Wisconsin, on Moridny, January 2, iS6o. fjne week subsequent, the thirteenth regular session of the le^'isi.iture commenced at Madison. For the fir^t time the republicans had control, not only of all State offices, but also of both branches of the legislature. William P. I. von was elected -<; e.iker of the assembl}-. .\ new assessment law was among the most imjiortant of the acts i'l^-^ed at tills session. The legislature adjourned on the second of .\pril. At the si'tin':; elec- -n, ].r.tlier S. Dixon, as an indeiiendent candidate, was elected chief justice of the .-upreme ' "i;n lur the unexpired term of the late Chief Justice Whiton. In the presidential election which 1 ilowcd, republican elector, were chosen - casting tlieir \wxi vote<, in the electoral college, for and Hamlin. At the same election. J,. hn F. Pott.-r. from the first district; Luther llar.chett. from the second, and A. Scott Sloan, from the third district, were elected members of thirty-cventh congress, flanch.ett di-ed on tiie twenty-lburlli of Xovember, 1S62, when, f^-: the twentieth of December following, W. I). Mclndoe was elected to fill the vacancy. All t'-~se congrcssiunal representatives were republicans. Wisconsin, in 1S60, was a strong repub-

On the ninth of January, iS6i, the fourteenth regular session of the State legislature commenced at .Madi>un. Both branches were republican. Amasa Cobb was elected speaker of the assembly. On the tenth, both houses met in joint convention to hear the governor read his annual message. It was a remarkable document. Besides giving an excellent synopsis of the operations of the State government for iS6c. the governor entered l.irgely into a discussion of the question of recession and disunion, as then proposed by some of the southern states of the Union. TIil'sc are his closing wurds :

"The right of a State to secede I"rom tlie Union can never be admitted. The National Government can not treat with a State while it is in the Union, and particularly while it stands in an attitude hostile to the Union. So long as any State assumes a position foreign, independent and hostile to tlie government, there can be no reconciliation. The government of the United States can not treat with one of its own States as a foreign power. The constitutional laws extend over every Stat; alike. They are to be entbrced in every State alike. A State can not come into the Union as it pleases, and go out when it pleases. Once in, it must stay until the Union i:, destroyed. There is no coercion of a State. But where a faction of a people arrays itself, nut again = t one act, but against all laws, and against all government, there is but one answer to be made : ' The Government must ie sustained ; the tnws shall be enforced ! ' "

On the twenty-third of January the legislature met in joint convention to elect a United States senator to fill the place of Charles Darkee, whose term of olitice would expire on the fourth of .Ma ch ne.xt ensuing. The successful candidate was Timothy O. Howe, republican, . who was elected for a full term of si.x years from the 4th of .March, 1S61. One of the important acts passed at tliis session of the legislature apportioned th^ State into senate and assembly districts, by which the whole number of member.-, in both houses was increased from one hundred and twenty-seven to one hundred and thirty-three. Another act apportioned the State into six congressional districts instead of three. By this - the third congressional apportionment - each district was to elect one repre:,entative. The first district was composed of the counties of Milwaukee, \Vauke=ha, Walworth, Racine, and Kenosha; the second, of the counties of Jlock, JelTerson, Dane, and ColumL.ia; the third, of Green, La Fayette, Iowa, Grant, Crawford, Richland, and Sauk; the fourth, ui O/aukee, Washington, Dodge, Fond du Lac, and Sheboygan; the fifth, Manitowoc, Calumet, Winnebago, Green lake, Marquette, Waushara, Waupacat Outagamie, I'.rown, Keuaunce, Door, Uconto, and Shawano; and the sixth, of the counties 'of Bad Axe, LaCro-,,e. M nn-c, Juneau, Adams, Bortage, Wood, Jackson, Trempealeau, Buffalo, Pepin, Pierce, St. Croix, Dunn, Eau Claire, Clark, Marath.m, Chippewa, Dallas, Polk, Burnett, Douglas^ I.a I'uuue, and Asiiland. Tiie legislature adjourned on the seventeenth of April, 1S61.

At the spring elections of this year, Orsanuis Cole was re-elected as associate justice of the stiprenie court. On the nintli of May ibliowin^. Governor Randall issued a proclamation convening the legislature in extra session on the fifteenth of the same month. " The extraordinary condition of the country,- said he, " growing out of the rebellion against the government of the United states, makes It necessary that the legislature of this State be cuuvened in special session to provide more completely fur making the puwer of the State usehd to the government and' to other luyal states." The fifteentil or e.xtra session began on the fifteenth of May, a, desi mated in the governor's pTociamation. The message of the governor was devoted entirelv to thl war At tue close ol the last annual session of tiie legislature," said he. " to meet a sudden emergency, an act was passed authorizing me to respond to the call of the president of the United States, ' lor aid in maintaining the Union and tiie supremacy of tiie laws, or to suppress rebcUior.

or insurrection, or lo repel inva-ion within the United States,' and I was authorized, and it was made my duty, to take such measures as, in my judgment, should provide in the speediest and most efficient manner for resi»nding to such call : and to this end I was authorized to accept the services of volunteers for active service, to be enrolled in companies of not less than seventy-five men each, rank and file, and in regiments of ten com[>auies each. I was also authorized to provide for uniforming and equip[>ing such com[janies as were not providetl with uniforms and eiuipmcnts." " The first call of the president for immediate active service," continued the governor, " was for one regiment of men. My proclamation, issued immediately after the passage of t'.ic.act of the legialature, was answered within le^s than ten days, by companies enough, each containing the rerpii-iite number of men, to make up at least five regiments instead of o e. I then issued another proclamation, announcing the otTers that had been made, and advising that thereafter companies might be enrolled to stand as minute men, ready to answer further calls, as they might be made, but without e.xi>ense to the State, except as they were mustered into service. In less than one month from the date of mv first proclamation, at least five thousand men, either as individuals or enrolled companies, have offered their services for the war, and all appear anxious for active service in the field." " The time for deliberation," concludes the governor, "must give way to the lime for action. The constitution of the United States must be sustained in all its first intent and wholeness. The right of the people of every State to go into every ot'ner State and engage in any lawful pursuit, without unlawful interference or molestation; the freedom of speech and of the [iress ; the riglit of trial by jury; security from unjustifiable seizure of persons or papers, and all constitutional privileges and immunities, must receive new guarantees of jafety."

The extra session of the legislature passed, wtih a single exception, no acts except such as appertained to the military exigencies of the times. Both houses adjourned sine die on the twenty-seventh of May, iS6i. As the administration of Governor Randall would close with the year, and as he was not a candidate for re-election, there was much interest felt throughout the State as to who his successor should be. Three State tickets were put in nomination : union, republican, and democratic. The republican ticket was successful, electing Louis P. Harvev, irovernor ; f^dward Salomon, lieutenant governor; James T. Lewis, secretary of state; S. D. Hastings, state treasurer; James H Howe, attorney general; \V. H. Ramsey, bank comptroller; J. L. Pickard, superintendent of public instruction; and A. 1'. Hodges, state prison commissioner.

When was first called upon to aid the General Government in its efibrts to sustain itself against the designs of the secession conspirators, the commercial affairs of the State were embarrassed to a considerable degree by the depreciation of the currency. The designs of the secessionists were so far developed at the ending of the year iS6o as to show that resistance to the national authority had been fully determined on. It is not a matter of wonder, then, that Governor Randall in his message to the legislature, early in January, iS6i, should have set forth the dangers which threatened the Union, or sliould have denied the right of a State to secede from it. "Secession," said he, "is revolution; revolution is war ; war against tiie government of the United States is treason." " It is time," he continued, " ncjw, to know wuelher we have any go\-tjrnnient, and if so, whether it has any strength. Is our written - I'nstitution more than a sheet of parcinnent .' The nation must be lost or preserved by its own strength. Its strength is in the patriotism of the people. It is time now that politicians became patriots; that men show their love of country by every sacrifice, but that of princijjle, and by unwavering devotion to its interests and integrity." "The hopes," added the governor, most eloquently, " of civilization and Christianity are suspended now upon the answer to this question of dissolution. The capacity for, as well as the riglit of, self-government is to pass its ordeal, and s[)eculation to liecome certainty. Other s\ stems have been tried, and have failed ; and all along, the skeletons of nations have been strewn, as warnings and land-marks, upon the great highway of historic overnnient. Wisconsin is true, and her people steadfast. She will not destroy the Union, nor consent that it shall be done. Devised by great, and wise, and good men, in days of sore trial, it must stand. Like some bold mountain, at whose base the great seas break their angry tloods, and around whose sumnm the thunders of a thousand hurricanes have rattled - strong, unmoved, immovable - so may our Union be, v.hile treason surges at its base, and passions rage around it, unmoved, immovable - here let it stand forever." These are the words of an e.xalted and genuine patriotism. Hut the governor did not content himself with eloquence alone. He came down to matters of business as well. He urged the necessity of legislation that would give more efficient organization to the militia of the State. He warned the legislators to make preparations also for the coming time that should try the souls of men. "The signs of the times," said he, " indicate tliai there may arise a contingency in the condition of the government, when it will become necessary to respond to a call of the National Government for men and means to maintain the integrity of the Union, and to thwart the designs of men engaged in organized treason. While no unnecessary expense should be incurred, yet it is the part of wisdom, both for individuals and States, in revolutionary times, to be prepared to defend our institutions to-the last extremity." It was thus the patriotic governor gave evidence to the members of both houses that he " scented the battle afar ofl"."

On the 1 6th of January, a joint resolution of the legislature was passed, declaring that the people of Wisconsin are ready to co-operate with the friends of the Union every where for its preservation, to yield a cheerful obedience to its requirements, and to demand a like obedience from all others ; that the legislature of Wisconsin, profoundly impressed with the value of the Union, and determined to preserve it unimpaired, hail with joy the recent firm, dignified and patriotic special message of the president of the United States; that they tender to him, through the chief magistrate of their own State, whate\er aid, in men and money, may be required to enable him to enforce the laws and u[)hold the authority of the Federal Government, and in defense of the more perfect Union, which has conferred prosperity and happiness on the American people. " Renewing," said they, " the pledge given and redeemed by our fathers, we are ready to devote our lives, our fortunes, and our sacred honors in upholding the Union and the constitution."

The legislature, in order to put the State upon a kind of "war footing," passed an act for its defense, and to aid in enfoicing the laws and maintaining the authority of the General Government. It was under this act that Governor Randall was enabled to organize the earlier regiments of Wisconsin. By it, in case of a call from the jjresident of the Lnited States to aid in maintaining the Union and the supremacy of the laws to suppress rebellion or insurrection, or to repel invasion within the United States, ti-.e governor was authorized to provide, in the most clTicient manner, for resiionding to such call - -to acxept the services of volunteers for service, in companies of seventy-live men each, rank and hie, and in regiments of ten companies each, and to commission ofhcers for them. Tlie governor was also authorized to contract I'or uniforms and equipmeiKs necessary for putting such companies into active service. One hundred thousand dollars were a[ipropriated fur war purjioses; and bonds were autb.orized tn be issued for that amount, to be negotiated by the governor, l"or raising funds. It will be seen, therefore, that the exigencies of tlie times - for Fort Su nter had not yet been surrendered - were fully met by the people's representatives, they doing their whole duty, as they then understood it, in aid of the perpetuity of the Union.

Having defended Fort Sumter for thirty-four hours, until the quarters were entirely burned, the main gates destroyed, the gorge-wall seriously injured, the magazine surrounded by flames, and its door closed from the effects of the heat, four barrels and three cartridges of powder only being available, and no provisions but pork remaining, Robert Anderson, major of the first artillery, United States army, accepted terms of evacuation offered by General Beauregard, marched out of the fort on Sunday afternoon, the fourteenth of April, iS6i, with colors flying and drums beating, bringing away company and private property, and saluting his flag with fifty guns. This, in brief, is the story of the fall of Sumter and the opening act of the War of the Rebellion.

"Whereas," said Abraham Lincoln, president, in his proclamation of the ne.xt day, " tlie laws of the United States have been for some time past, and now are, opposed, and the e.xecution thereof obstructed, in the States of South Carolina, Georgia, Al.ibama, Florida, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas, by combinations too powerful to be suppressed by the ordinary course of judicial proceedings, or by the powers vested in the marshals by law." Now, in view of that fact, he called forth the militia of the ..several States of the Union, to the aggregate number of seventy-five thousand, in order to suppress those combinations, and to cause the laws to be duly e.'vecuted. " A call is made on you by to-night's mail for one regiment of militia for immediate service," telegrai>hed the secretary of war to Randall, on the same day.

In Wisconsin, as elsewiiere, the public pulse quickened under the excitement of the fall of Sumter. " The' dangers which surrounded the nation awakened the liveliest sentiments of patriotism and devotion. For the time, party fealty was forgotten in the general desire to save the nation. The minds of the people soon settled into the conviction that a bloody war was at hand, and that the glorious fabric of our National Government, and the principles upon whicii it is founded, were in jeopardy, and with a determination unparalleled in the history of any country, they rushed to its defense. On every hand the National flag could be seen displayed, and the public enthusiasm knew no bounds; in city, town, and hamlet, the burden on every tongue was war." "We have never been accustomed," said Governor Randall, " to conii^ier the military arm as essential to the maintenance of our government, but an exigency has arisen that demands its employment." "The time has come," he continued, '" when parties and platforms must be forgotten, and all good citizens and patriots unite together in putting down rebels and traitors." "What is money," he asked, "what is life, in the presence of such a crisis.'". Such utterances and such enthusiasm could but have their effect upon the legislature, which, it will be remembered, was still in session ; so, althougli that body had already voted to adjourn, siiif die, on the fifteenth of April, yet. when the moment arrived, and a message from the governor was received, announcing tiiat, owing to the extraordinary exigencies which had arisen, an amendment of the law of the thirteenth ijistant was necessary, the resolution to adjourn was at once rescinded. The two hovises thereupon not only increased the amount of bonds to be issued to two hundred thousand dollars, but they also [lassed a law exem[jting from civil process, during the time of servii e, all persons enlisting and mustering into the United States army from Wisconsin. \\'hen, on the seventeenth, the legislature did adjourn, tiie scene was a remarkable one. Nine cheers were given for the star spangled banner and tliree for the Governor's Guard, who had just then tendered their services - the first in the State - under the call for a regiment of men for three months' duty.

" For the first time in t'ne history of this federal government," are the words of the governor, in a proclamation issued on the sixteenth of .\pri!, "organized treason h.as manifested itself within several States of the Union, r.nd armed rebels are making war against i;." " The treasuries of the country," said lie, " must no longer be plundered ; the public propertv must be protected from aggressive violence; that already seized must be retaKcn, and the laws must be executed in every State of the Union alike." "A demand,'" lie added, " made upon Wisconsin by the president of tlie United States, for aid to sustain tlie federal arm, must meet with a prompt response." The patriotism of the State was abundantly e.xhibited in their filling up a regiment before some of tlie remote settlements had any knowledge of the call. On the twentysecond, Governor Randall reported to the secretary of war that the First regiment was ready to "Q into rendezvous. Tlie place designated was "Camp Scott," at Milwaukee; the day, the twentv-seventh of April. Then and there the several companies assembled - the regiment afterward com]')leting its organization.

With a wise foresight, Governor Randall ordered, as a reserve force and in advance of another call for troops by the president, the- formation of two more regiments - the Second and Third, and, eventually, the Fourth. Camps at Madison, Fond du Lac, and Racine, were formed for their'l reception, where suitable buildings were erected for their accommodation. Companies assigned to the Second regiment were ordered to commence moving into ''Camp Randall," at Madison, on the first day of May. On the seventh, the secretary of war, under call of the president of the United States for forty-two thousand additional volunteers - this time for three years, or during the war - tclegra|ilied Governor Randall that no more three months' volunteers were wanted; tiiat such comp.uiies as were recruited must re-enhst for the new term or be disbanded.

At the extra session of the legislature of Wisconsin, which, as already mentioned, commenced on the fifteenth of May, called by Governor Randall immediately upon his being notified of the second call of tiie president for troops, on tlie third of May, the law hurriedly passed at the close of the regular session, and under which the governor had organized the First regiment, was found inadequate to meet the second call for troops. " A bill was introduced, and became a law, authorizing the governor to raise six regiments of infantry, inclusive of those he had organized or placed at quarters. When the six regiments were mustered into the United States service, he was autliorized to raise two additional regiments, and thus to keep two regiments continually in reserve to meet any future call of the General Government. He was authorized to quarter and subsist volunteers at rendezvous - to transport, clothe, subsist and quarter them in camp at the expense of the State. Arms and munitions were to be furnished by the United States. Recruits were to be mustered into State service, and into United Stales service, for three years. Two assistant surgeons to each regiment were to lie appointed, and paid by the State. The regiments, as they came int'i camp, were to be instructed in drill and various camp duties, to secure efficiencv in the field. The troops, so called in, were to be paid monthly by the State, the same pay and emoluments as the soldiers in the United States army, from the liate o/ enlistment. Tiie paymaster general was authorized to draw funds from the .State treasury for the payment of the State troops, and the expense incurred in subsisting, transporting and clothing them. The governor was authorized to purciiase military stores, subsistence, clothing, medicine, field and camp equipage, and the sum of one nr.llion dollars was appropriated to enable the governor to carry out the law."

Other laws were passed relating to military matters. One authorized the governor to purchase twu lli.ii'.sand stand of arms; and fitly thousand dollar.-, were .ipprupnated to [jav lor the same, .\notlier authorized counties, towns, cities and incorporated vill.iges to lew taxes for the i)iiriio-,e of i)roviiiinj, for the su[ii)orl of families of volunteers residing in their respective limits. 1 iie one p.i>>ed at tiie previous ^e:^^io^.. evempting volunteers troin civil process i-hile iu the servi( e, was amended so as to inilucle all who might therealter enlist. (>ne granted Cwi^ dollars per monlh as extra [lay to enlisted volunteers having f.imilie-. dependent upon them for support, Jiayable to their f.unilics. Another a\ithorized the governor to emiiloy such aids, clerks and messengers, as he deemed necessary for the public intert?sts. Still another authorized the payment of those who had enlisted for three months, but had declined to go in for three years. The expenses of the extra session were ordered to be paid out of the " war fund." One million dollars in bonds were authorized to be issued for war purposes to form that fund. The governor, secretary of state and state treasurer were em [lowered to negotiate them. By a joint resolution approved the tiventy-first of May, the consent of the legi-,lature was given to the governor to be absent from tiie State during the war, for as long a time as in his discretion he might tliink proper or advisable, in connection with the military forces of the State. For lilierality, zeal and genuine patriotism, the members of the Wisconsin legislature, for the year 1861, deserve a high commendation. All that \\as necessarj- upon their final adjournment at the close of the e.xtra session to place the State upon a " war footing,'.' was the organization 1)y the governor of the various military departments. These he effected by ai>pointing Brigadier General William L. Utley, adjutant general; Brigadier (jeneral W. W. Tredway, quartermaster general; Colonel Edwin R. Wadsworth, commissarv general; Brigadier General Simeon Mills, p.iymaster general; Brigadier General E. B. Wolcott, surgeon general; Major E. L. Buttrick, judge advocate; and Colonel William H. \\'atson, military secretary.

On the seventeenth of May, the First regiment, at " Camii Scott," was mustered into the United States service, and the war department informed that it awaited marcliing orders. The regimental officers were not all in accordance with the law and mode adopted afterwards. On the seventh of the month Governor Randall had appointed Rufus King a brigadier general, and assigned the First, Second, Third and Fourth regiments to his command as the Wisconsin brigade; although at that date only the First and Second had been called into camp. This brigade organization was not recognized by the General (iovernment. The secretary of war telegraphed the governor of Wisconsin that the quota of tlie State, under the second call ot the president, was two regiments - so that the whole number under both calls was only three - one (the First) for three months, two (the Second and Third) for three years. Notwithstanding this, Governor Randall iiroceeded to organize the Foanh.

As a number of the companies ordered into '" Camp Randall " on the first day of May to furni the Second regiment had only enlisted for three months, the order of the secretary of war of the seventh of that n>onth making it imperative that all buch companies must re-enlist for tlirec 3ears or during the war, or be disbanded, the question of extending their term of enlistment was submitted to the couq)anies of the regiment, v,-lv;n about live hundred consented to the change. The quota of tlie regiment was afterward mad; r.p. and tlie whule mustered into the Service of the United States for three years or during t!.e war, under the president's sccolu call for troops. Tliis was on the eleventh of June, 1S61. The Third regiment having had its Companies assigned early in May, they were ordered in June into "Camp Hamilton" at Fond du Lac, where the reginient was organized, and, on tl'.e twenty-ninth of June, mustered into the United States' service as a three years regiment. This hlled Wiscoubin's quota under the second call of President Lincoln. By this time war matters in the State began to a.i.bume a systematic course of procedure - thanks to the patriotism uf the people, the wisdom of the legislature, and the untiring energy and exertions of the governor and his subordinates.

The determination v\ tlie secret.iry of v.\.r to accept .".'om \Viscon.-,:n only two three-years rcgnneiits under the secon<l call for troo' ^ was soon chang.d, and three more were authorized, ni.ikuvg it necessary to organize tlie Fourtli, I'ifth and Sixtli. Tlie Fourth was called into "Camp Uth-y " at liacine on the sixth of June, arid was mu; tered into tiie service uf the United States on tile nintli 'of the foilo.ing niunlh. I'.y tlie twenty-eighth of June, all the companies of the I'lfth had assembled at " Canqi Randall," and on tiie thirteenth of Julv. were mustered in as

United States troops. By the t'lrst of July, at the same [ilace, the complement for the Sixth regiment had been made u}), and the companies were mustered for three years into the service of the General Government, on the sixteenth of the same month. Governor Randall did not stop the good work, when six regiments had been accepted, but a.isigned the necessary companies to form two more regiments - the Seventh and Eighth; however, he wisely concluded not to call them into camp until after harvest, unless specially required to do so. " If they are needed sooner," said the governor, in a letter to the president on the first of July, " a call will be in-.mediately responded to, and we shall have their uniforms and equipments ready for them,'' "By the authority of our legislature," added the wriler, 'I shall, after tlie middle of August, keep two regiments equii>ped and in camp ready for a call to .->crvice, and will have them ready at an earlier clay if needed."

.\boat the latter part of Tune, \V. P. Alexander, of Beloit, a good marksman, was commissioned captain to raise a com[iany of sharpsiiooters for BerJan's regiment. He at once engaged in the work. The company wa^ hlled to one hundred and tiiree privates and three officers. It left the State about the middle of September under Captain Alexander, and was mustered into the service at Wehawken on the twenty-third day of that month., a.-> Company '' G " of Berdan's regiment of sharpshooters. On the twenty-sixth of Jidy, a commission was issued to G. Van Deutsch of Milwaukee, to raise a conqiany of cavalry. He succeeded in filling his company to eighty-four men. He left the State in September, joining Fremont. The company was afterward attached to the fifth cavalry regiinent of ^Missouri.

About tiie 2otii of August, Governor Randall was authorized to organize and equip as rapidly as possible five regiments of infantry and five batteries of artillery, and procure for them necessary clothing and equipments according to United States regulations and prices, subject to the inspection of officers of the Cieneral Government. The five regiments were to be additional to the eight already raised. One regiment was to be German. During the last week of August the companies of the Seventh regiment were ordered into ""Camp Randall," at !vIadison. They were mustered into the service soon after arrival. On the sSth of August orders were issued for the reorganization of the First regiment for three years, its term of three months having expired. The secretary of war having signified his acceptance of the regiment for the new term, its mustering into the service was completed on the nineteenth of C)ctober. This made six infantry regiments in addition to the eight already accepted, or fourteen in all. On the same day orders were issued assigning companies to the Eighth regiment, - the whole moving to '" Canqj Randall," at Madison, the first week in September, wnere their mustering in was finished on the thirteenth.

The Ninth, a German reginent, was recruited in squads, and sent into camp, where they were formetl into cunqaanies, and the whole mustered in on the 26th of October, iS6i,at '" Camp Sigel," Milwaukee. Companies were assigned the Tenth regiment on the iSth of September, and ordered into canqj at Milwaukee, where it was fully organized about the first of October, being mustered into the service on tlie I'ourteenth of that month. The Tenth infantry was enlisted in September, 1S61, and mustered in on tiie fourteenth of October, 1S61, at '"Camp Holton," Milwaukee. The Eleventh regiment was railed bv cumpani'es into " Camp Randall " the latter part of Septenibcr and first of October, iS6[, and mustered in on the eighteenth. The Twelfth was called in to the same camp and mustered in by comp-nies between the twenty-eighth of October and tile fifth of November, 1S61. The Thirteenth rendezvoused at '"Camp Treadway," Janesvilie, being mu>tered into the United States service on the seventeenth of October, 1S61. These thirteen regiments were all that had been accejited and mustered into the United States serv!'-e while Randall was governor.

ization of artillery companies in Wisconsin, and this desire was finally gratified. Each battery was to number one hundred and fifty men, and, as has been shown, five had been authorized by the General Government to be raised in Wisconsin. The First battery was recruited at La Crosse, under the superintendence of Captain Jacob T. Foster, and was known as the " La Crosse .Artillery." It rendezvoused at Racine^early in October, iS6i, where on the tenth of that month, it was mustered into the United States service. The Second battery, Captain Ernest Herzberg, assembled at '" Camp LTtley," Racine, and was mustered in with the First battery on the tenth. The Third, known as the " Badger Battery," was organized by Captain L. H. Drur}', at Madison and Berlin, and was mustered into the service on the same day and at the same place as the First and Second. The Fourth battery, recruited and organized at Beloit, under the supervision of Cajitain John F. Valiee, was mustered in on the first of October, 1861, at Racine. The Fifth battery was recruited at Aronroe, Green county, under the superintendence of Captain Oscar FBinney, moving afterward to "Camp Utiey," Racine, where, on the first of October, it was mustered in, along with the Fourth. So brisk had been the recruiting, it was ascertained by the governor that seven companies had been raised instead of five, when the secretary of war was telegraphed to, and the extra companies - tiie Sixth and Seventh accepted; the Sixth, ktiown as the "Buena Vista Artillery," being recruited at Lone Rock, Richland county, in September, Captain Henry Dillon, and mustered in on the second of October, 1S61, at Racine; the Seventh, known as the "Badger State Flying Artillery," having organized at Milwaukee, Captain Richard R. Griffiths, and mustered in on the fourth of tiie same month, going into camp at Fv.acine on the eighth. This. completed the mustering in of the fir.-,t seven batteries, during Governor Randall's administration ; the whole mustered force being thirteen regiments of infantry; one company of ~ cavalry ; one of sharpshooters; and these seven artillery companies. "Wisconsin," said the governor, in response to a request as to the number of regiments organized, "sent one regiment fur three months, - officers and men eiglit hundred and ten. The otlier regiments r the war up to the Thirteenth (including the First, re-organized), will average one thousand men each; one comp.any of sharpshooters for Berdan's regiment, one hundred and three men; and seven companies of light artillery." Of cavalry from Wisconsin, only Deutsch's company had been mustered into the United States, although three regiments had been authorized by the General Government betore the close of Randall's administration. The governor, before the expiration of his office, was empowered to organize more artillery companies - ten in all ; and five additional regiments of infantry - making the whole number eighteen. On the tenth of December, he wrote: "Our Fourteenth infantry is full and in camp. * * * Fifteenth has five companies in camp, and filling up. Sixteenth has eight companies in camp, and will be full by the rjth of December. Seventeenth has some four hundred men enlisted. Eighteenth will be in camp, full, by January i. Seven maximum companies of artillery in camp. * * * Three regiments of cavalry - two full above the maximum; the tliird, about eight hundred mtn in camp." It will be seen, therefore, that a considerable number of men in the three branches of the service was then in camp that liad not been mustered into the service ; and this number was considerably increased by the 6th of January, iS6j, the day tliat Randall's official term expired; but no more men Were mustered in, until his successor came into office, than those previously mentioned.

The First regiment - three months' - lei't "Cam[i .^cott," Milwaukee, on the ninth of June, iS6i, for Harrisburg. Pennsylvania - eight hundred and ten in number; John C. Starkweather, colonel. The regiment returned to Milwaukee on the seventeenth of August, lioi, and was mustered out on the twenty-second.

The First regiment re-organized at "Camp Scott," Milwaukee. Its mustering into the service, as previously mentioned, was completed on the nineteenth of October. On the twent)- eighth, it started for Louisvi^e, Kentucky - nine hundred and forty-live strong - under command of its former colonel, John C. Starkweather. The Second regiment, with b. Park Cooii a^ colonel, left " Camp Randall. ^Madison, for ^Vashington city, on the eleventh of June, iS6i - numbering, in all, one tliousand and fifty-one. The Third regiment started from " Camp Hamilton," Fond du Lac, lor Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, under conuaanj of Charles S. Hamilton, as colonel, on the twelfth of July, iS6i, witli a numerical strengtli of nine hundred and seventynine. The Fourth regiment - Colonel Halbert E. Payne - - with a numerical strength of one thousand and fifty-three, departed on the fifteenth of July, iSoi, from " Camp Utley," Racine, for Baltimore, Marylai'.d. The P'ifth regiment left '"Camp Randall," Madison, one thousand and fifty-eight strong, commanded by Colonel Amisa Cobb, on the twenty-fourth of July, iS6i, for Washington city. On the twenty-eigh.tli of July, iS6i, tlie Sixth regiment, numbering one thousand and eighty-fou;, i!-'_oved from Madi.on, having been ordered to Washington city. It was commanded by Colonel Lysander Cu:'c-r. The Seventh regiment - JoseiUi Van Dor, Colonel - with a numerical strength cf one thous^^i.d and si.xteen men - officer^ and privates, received orders, as did the Fifth and Sixth, to move fjrward to Washington. They started from Madison on the morning of the twenty-first of September, iS6r, for active service. The Eighth infantry, nine hundred and' sevent\-three strong, commanded by Colonel Robert C. Murphy, left Madison, en route for St. Louis, Missouri, on the morning of the twelfth of C)ctober, iS6i. The Ninth, or German regiment, with Frederick Salomon in command as ci>lonel,did not leave "Camp Sigel," for active service, while Randall was governor. The Tenth infantry moved from "Camp Holton," Milwaukee, commanded by Colonel Alfred R. Chajiin, on the ninth of November, liSOi, destined for Louisville, Kentucky, with a total number of nine hundred and sixteen officers and privates. On the twentieth of November, iS6i, the Eleventh regiment "broke camp" at Madison, starting for St. Louis, under command of Charles L. Harris, as colonel. Its whole number of men was nine hundred and sixteen. The Twelfth regiment, at " Camp Randall," Madison - Colonel George K. iJryant, and the Thirteenth, at " Camp Tredway," Janesville - Colonel Maurice ALiloney - v.-cre biiU in camp at the expiration of the administration of Governor Randall : these, with the Ninth, were all that had not moved out of the State for active service, of those mustered in previous to January 6, iS6i, - making a grand total of infantry sent from Wisconsin, up to that date, by the governor, to answer calls of the General Government, for three years' service or during the war, of nine thousand nine hundred and ninety-one inen, ir. ten regiments, averaging very iie.irly one thousand to each regiment. Besides these ten regiments of infantry for three years' service, Wisconsin had also sent into the I'leld the Firbt regiment, for three months' service, numbering eight hundred and ten men; .Alexander's company of sharpshooters, one hundred and >ix; and Deutsch's coni'iany of cavalry, eighty-four: in all, one thousand. .Adding tliese to the three year^' regiments, and the whole force, in round numbers, was eleven thousand men, furnished by the St.Ue in iS6i.

Louis P. H,ir\ey was inaugurated governor of Wisconsin on the sixth of January, 1862. The fifteenth regular session of the legislature of the State began on the eightli of the same month. In the senate, the republicans were in the m.ijority; but in the assembly they had only a plurality of niemlier^, there being a number of " I'liirm " men in that branch - enough, inileed, to elect, by outride aid, T. ^'''- Peat'Lley, w!io ran for the assembi}', upon tlie " L'nion " ticket, as speaker. C.overnor ILirvev-, on tlie tenth, read his message to the legislature in joint convention. "No previous !cgi>lature,"' are his ojiening words, "Jias con\ened under equal incentives to a disinterested .'.eal in the puMic service 'I'he occasion," lie adds, "pleads with you in rebuke of all the meaner [laisions, adniunishing to the exercise of a conscientious patrioti-^ni, becoming the representatives of a Christian people, called in God's providence to pass through the firnacc of a great trial of their virtue, and of the strength of the Government." On the seventh of Aiiril following, the legislature adjourned until the third of June next ensuintr. Before it again assembled, an event occurred, casting a gloom over the whole State. The occa->ion was the accidental drowning of Governor Harvey.

Soon .ifter the battle of Pittsburgh Landing, on the seventh of April, 1S62, the certainty that some of ihe Wisconsin regiments had suffered severely, induced the governor to organize a rei f party, to aid the wounded and suffering soldiers t'rom the State. On the tenth, Harvey and others started on their tour of benevolence. Arriving at Chicago, they found a large number of boxes had been furwarded there from different pointb in the State, coittaining supplies of varir)us kinds. At Muui.cJ City, Paducah. arid Savannah, the governor and his party administered to the wants of the sick and wounded Wisconsin soldiers. Plaving completed their mission of mercy, they repaired to a boat in the harbor of Savannah, to await the arrival of the Miimehaha^ which was to convey them to Cairo, on their homeward trip. It was late in the evenins; of the nineteenth of .April, 1S6.?, and very dark when the boat arrived which was to take the governor and his friends on board ; and as she rounded to, the bow touching the Diinkii/i, un which was congregated the party ready to depart, Governor Harvey, by a misstep, fell overboard between the two boats, into the Tennessee river. The current was strung, and the water more than tliirly feet deep. Every thing was dune that could be, to save his life, but all to no purpose. His body was subseijuently found and brought tu Madison lor interment. Edward Salomon, lieutenant governor, by virtue of a provision of the constitution of the State, upon the death of Harvey, succeeded to the office of governor of Wisconsin. On the third day of June, the legislature re-assembled in accordance with adjournment on the seventii of April previous, Governor Salomon, in hi> message of tiiat day, to the senate and assembly, after announciu'^ the sad event of the death of the late governor, said: '' The last among the governors elected by the people of this State, he is the first who lias been removed by death from our midst. The circumstances leading to and surrounding the tragic . nd melancholy end of the honored and lamented deceased, are well known to the people, and are, with his memory, treasured up in their hearts." He died," added Salomon, " while in the exercise of the highest duties of philanthropy arid humanity, that a noble im;iulse had imposed ujion him." The legislature, on the thirteenth r>f June, by a joint resolution, declared that in the death of Governor Harve}-, the State had " lost an honest, faithful, and efiicicnt public ofllcer, a high-toned gentleuuin, a warm hearted philanthrojnst, and a sincere friend." Both houses adjourned stnf uu, on the seventeuth of June, i.'s6;

Business of great jiublic importance, in the judgment of the governor, rendering a special Session of the legislature necessary, he issued, on the tuenty-ninth of Aucjust. 1S62, his prcclaniatiou to that effect, convening both houses un the terith of September following. On that d.iy he sent in his message, relating whtilly to war matters. He referred to the fact that since tile adjournment of the previous session, six hundred thousand more men had been called for b\- :iic president of tile United States,-to s'lpjiress the rebellion. '' It is evident," said lie, "that to iiicet further calls, it is neiessary to rel\ upon asysfem of drafting or con.scriiition, in ^\'isconsill. ' 1 he guvernor then ]iroceeded to recommend such measures as he deemed necessar}- to meet the e\i_;encies of the times. The legislature levied a l.ix to aid vulunteering, and passed a law giving the right of suffr.ige to soldiers in tlir military .service. They also authorized the raising of money for payment of. bounties to volunteers. The le-,islaturc adjourned on the twentysi^th of Sfjitember, iS^j, at'ter a session of sixteen days, and the enacting of seventeen laws.

On the 7th of Octolier, Jamcs II. Howe, attorney general, re=igned his office to enter the army. On the 14th of tliat month, A\'infie!d Smith was appuinted by the governor to fill the vacancy.

At the general election in the Fall of this year, si.'i congressmen were elected to the tnirtyeii^lith congress: J ii!n;s S. Ilrown from the first district; I. C. Sloan, from the second; Amasa -CoMi, from the third; Charles A. FJdredge, from the fourth; Ezra Wheeler, from the fifth; and W. D. Mclndoe, t'rom the sixth district. Sloan, Cobb, and .Mclndoe, were elected as repuljiicans ; ISrown, Eldridge, and Wheeler, as democrats.

The sixteenth regular session of the Wisconsin legislature, commenced on the fourteenth of January, iS6j. J. Allen liarber was elected speaker of the assembly. The majority in both houses was republican. Governor Salomon read his message on the fifteenth, to the joint convention, referring, at length, to matters connected with tlie war of the rebellion. A large number of bills were passed by the legislature for tlie benefit of soldiers and their families. On the twenty-second, the legislature re-elected James R. Doolittle. to the United States senate for six years, from the fourth of March ne.xt ensuing. The legislature adjourned sine die on the second of April lollowing. In the Spring of this year, Luther S. l)i.\on was re-elected chiief justice of the supreme court, running as an inde[iendent candidate.

By a provision uf the Revised Statutes of 1S5S, as amended by an act passed in 1S62, and interpreted by another act passed in 1C75, the terms of the justices of the supreme court, elei ted tor a lull term, conimence on the fir-:t Monday in January ne.\t succeeding their election. At the Fall election there were two tickets in the lield : democratic and union republican. The latter was successful, electing James T. Lewis, governor; Wyman Spooner, lieutenant governor; Lucius Fairchild, secretarv' of biate ; S. D, Hastings, state treasurer; Winfieid Smith, attorne}- general; J. L. Fickard, state superintendent; W. H. Ramsay, y bank comptroller; and Henry Cordier, state prison commissioner.

When Governor Randall turned over to his successor in the gubernatorial chair, the militarv matters of Wisconsin, he had rc-niaining in the State, cither already organized or in process of formation, the Ninth infantry, also tlie Twelfth up to the Xincteenth inclusive; three regiments of cavalry ; and ten batteries - First to Tenth inclusive. Colonel Edward Daniels, in the Summer of 1S61, was authorized by the war department to recruit and organize one battalion of cavalry in Wisconsin. He was subsequently authorized to raise two more companies. -Governor Rand.dl, in October, was authorized to complete the regiment - the First cavalr)- - by the organization of six additional comjianies. The organization of tlie Second ca\alry regiment was authorized in the Fall of 1S61, as an "independent acceptance," but w>_, finall)- turned over to the State authorities. Early in Xo\ember, 1S61. the war department issued an order discontinuing enlistments for the cavalry service, and circulars «ere sent to the diiTerent State executives to consolidate all incomplete regiments. Ex-Go\ernor Larstov,-, by authorit}' of General Fremont, -- wliich authority was confirmed by the Cieneral (JuNernment, had, (omnienced the organization 01 a cavalry regiment - the Third \\'isconsin - when t iovernor. R.indall received inlbrmation that the authority of Ikirstow had been resoked. The latter, liowe\er, .so.m h.ad his authoritv restored. In October, Governor Randall was authori.'ed by the war de[)artmeiU to raise three additional companies of arlillery - Eighth tn Tenth inclusise. These thiee batteries Mere ail filled and went into ciinp by the ciu>e of iSOi. Governor Randall, therefore, besides sendm nut (il the State eleven tlujusand men, h.id in process of formation, or full)- organized, nine regiments of inl'antry, three regiments of cavalry, and ten companies of artiller), lel't behind in

The military ofiicers ot" ^Visconsin were the governor, Louis P. Harvey, commander-inchief; Brigadier General Augustus Gaylord, adjutant general; Brigadier General W. W. Trcdway, ([aarterniaster general; Colonel Edwin R. Wadsworth, commissary general; Brigadier General Simeon Milh, paymaster general; Brigadier General E. B. Wolcott, surgeon general; Major M. H. Carpenter, judge advocate; and Colonel William H. Watson, military secretary. As the General Government had taken the recruiting service out >>[ the hands of the executives of the States, and appointed superintendents in their place, the offices of commissary general and pavmaster general were an longer necessary; and their time, after the commencement of the administration in \Visconsin ci iS6;, was employee^, so long as they continued their respective offices, in settling up the business of eacli. The office of commissary general was closed about the first of June, 1SG2; that of pavmaster general on the tenth of Jul)' following. On the last of August. 1S62, Brigadier General Tredway resigned the position of quartermaster general, and Nathaniel I'. Lund was ajipointed to fill liis place.

Upon the convening of the legislature of the State in its regular January session of this year - 1S62, Go\ernor Harvey gave, in his message to that bod)', a t'ull statement of what had been done b\' Wisconsin in m.nters appertaining to the war, under the administration of his predecessor. He stated that the State furnished to the service of the General Government under the call for volunteers for three months, one regiment - First Wisconsin; under the call for volunteers for three years, or the war, ten regiments, numbering froni the First re-organized to the Eleventh, excluding the Xinth or German reginient. He gave as the whole number of ofiicers, musicians and pri\ates, in tliese ten tiiree-year regiments, ten thousand one hundred and seventeen. He further stated that there -were then organized and awaiting orders, the Ninth, in "Camp Sigcl," Milwaukee, ntmibering nine hundred and forty men, under Colonel Frederick Salomon ; the Twelfth, in " Camp Randall," one thousand and thirty-nine men, under Colonel C.eorgc E. Bryant; the Tliirteenth, in "Camp Tredway," Janesville, having nine hundred and nineteen men, commanded by Colonel i\L Maloney ; and the Fourteenth, at " Camp Wood," Fond du Lac, eight hundred and fifty men, uni\-r Colonel D. E. \\'ood.

The Fifteenth or Scandinavi.m regiment, Colonel H. C. Heg, seven hundred men, and the Sixteenth, Colonel Benjamin Allen, nine hundred men, v.ere at that lime at "Cai:ip Randall," in near readiness for marching orders. The Seventeenth (Irish) regiment. Colonel J. L. Doran, and the Eighteenth, Colonel James S. had their full number of companies in readiness, lacking one, and had been notified to go into cam[) - the former at Madison, the latter at Milwaukee. Seven companies of artillcr\', numbering together one thousand and fifty men, had remained for a considerable time in " Camp L'tley," Racine, impatient of the delays of the General Governlurnt in calling them to move forward. Three additional companies of artillery were about i;'>ing into camp, numbering three hundred and tIiirt)-four men. Besides these, the State had furnished, as already mentioned, an independent conipany of cavalry, then in ?sIissouri, raised by Clajitain Von Deutsch, ot eighty-one nien ; a conipany of one hundred and four men for Berdan's sharpshooters; and an additional com[iany fiir the Second regiment, of about eighty men. 'I'liree regiments of cavalry - the l'"irst. Colonel E. Haniels; the Second, Colonel C. C. Washburn; .md the Third, Colonel \V. A. Barstow; were being organized. They numbered together, two thouvii'.d four hundred an(J fifty men. Tlie Nineteenth (indeliendent) regiment wa:, r.ipidly organ- ./ing under the direction of the Gener.il Gijvcrnment, by Colonel H. T. Sanders, Racine. -Not bringing this last regiment into view, the State had. at the commencement of Governor Harvey's innnistration, including the First, three-months' regiment, either in the service of the United ^tates or organizing for it, a tot;d of twent\'-one thousand seven luintlred and ei;;luv-three men.

The legislature at its regular session of 1S62, passed a law making it necessary to present all claims which were made payable out of the war fund, within twelve months from the time they accrued ; a law was also passed authorizing the investment of the principal of the school fund in tlie bonds of the state issued for war purposes ; another, amendatory of the act of the extra session of 1 86 1, granting exemption to persons enrolled in the military service, so as to except persons acting as fiduciary agents, either as executors or administrators, or guardians or trustees, or persons defrauding the Slate, or any school district of moneys belonging to the same ; also authorizing a stay of proceedings in loreciosures of mortgages, by advertisements. " The State Aid Law" was amended so as to apply to all regiments of infantr}-, cavalry, artillery and sharpshooters, denning the rights of families, fixing penalties for tiie issue of false papers, and imposing duties on military oflicers in the field to nuke certain reports. These amendments only included regiments and companies organized up to and including the Twentieth, which was in process of organization before the close of the session. A law was also passed suspending the sale of lands mortgaged to tlie State, or held by volunteers; another defining the duties of the allotment commissioners appointed by the president of the United States, and lixing their conipen.sation. One authorized the issuing ot bonds for two hundred thousand dollars for -war purposes ; one authorized a temporary loan fr. >m the general fund to p-'v State aid to volunteers ; and one, the appointment of a joint committee to investigate the sale of war bonds ; while another authorized the governor to appoint surgeons to batteries, and assistant surgeons to cavalry regiments.

The legislature, iTwill be remeuiliered, took a recess from the seventh of April to the third of June, 1S62. Ujii.m its re-assembling, .. -ct was passed providing )r the discontinuance of the acti\x Services of the paymaster general, quarterm:ister general and commissary general. Anotlier act appropriated twenty thousand dollars to enable the governor to care for the sick and wounded soldiers of the State. 'I'iiere was aKo another act passed authorizing the auditing, by the quartermaster general, of bills for subsistence and transportation of the ^Visconsin cavalry regiments. .\t the exira session called by Governor Salomon, for the tenth of September, 1S62, an amendment was m.ide to the law granting aid to families of volunteers, by including all regiments of cavalry, infintry, or batteries of artillery before that time raised in the State, or that might afterward be r.iised and mustered into the United States service. It also authorized the levving of a State tax of two hundred and seventy-five tliousand dollars to be placed totlie credit (if the war fund and used in the jiayment of warrants for '"State Aid" t'> families of volunteers. .\nother law authorized commissioned officers out of the -State to administer oaths and take acknowledgments nf deeds and other papers. One act uutliorized soldiers in the field, although out cif the .State, to exercise the right of sulTrage ; and another gave towns, cities, incorporated villages and counties the authoritv to raise money to pay bounties to volunteers.

On tlie fifth of August, 1S62, Governor .'^alomon received f'om the war department a. dispatcli. stating that orders had been issued for a draft of three hundred tlioasand men to be immediately 'ailed into the service of the United States, to ?er\e for nine months unless sooner discharged ; that if the State quota under a call made July 2, of that year, for three hundred thousand volunteers, was nut filled by the fit'teenth of .\ugus;, the deficiency wouUl i.e made up bv draft ; and that the secretary o[ war would a--sign the (piota^ to tlie States and eitahlisii reguhi'.ions for the dr.ift. On tlie eigluh of that montii, tlie governor of the Stale was ordered to immediately cause an cnrolhiient of all alile-lujdied citizens between eighteen and fort\-five \ears of age, b\- counties. Ciovernor Salomon was authorized to apjioint jiroper officers, and the United States promised to juy .ill reasonable expenses. The quota tor Wisconsin, untler the call for nine months' men, was ele\en thousand nine hundred and I'our. The draft was made by the governor in obedience to the order he had received from Washington ; but sueli had been the volunteering under the stim- ijlus cau«;od by a fear of it, that only four thousand five hundred and thirty-seven men were drafted. This was the first and only draft made in Wisconsin by the State authorities. Stil>sequent ones were made under the direction of the provost marshal general at \\'ashi!ii;ton.

The enlisting, organization and mustering into th.e United States service during Randall's .idministration of thirteen regiments of infantry - the First to the Thirteenth inclusive, and the marching of ten of them out of the State before the close ofiSOi, also, of one company of cavalry under Captain Yon Deutsch and one company of sharpshooters under Captain Alexander, £onstituted the effective aid abroad of W'l^consi i during that year to suppress the rebellion. But for t!ic year 1S62, this aid, as to number of organizations, was more than doubled, as will now be shewn.

The Ninth regiment left " Camp Sigel," Milwaukee, under command of Colonel Frederxk S.ilomon, on the twenty-second of January, 1S62, numbering thirty-nine ofricers and eight liun dred and eighty-four men, to report at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas.

The Twelftli infantry left Wisconsin under command of Colonel George E. Bryant, ten hundred and forty-five strong, the eleventh of January, 1S62, with orders to report at Weston, Missouri.

The Thirteenth regiment - Colonel Maurice Malonev - left "Camp Tredway," Janesville, on the eighteenth of January, iS6j, nine hundred and seventy strong, under orders to report at Le.ivenworth, Kansas, where it arrived on the twenty-third.

The Fourteentji regiment of infantry departed from " Camp Wood," Fond du Lac, under command of Colonel David E. Wo. id, for St. Loui;, Missouri, on the eighth of March, 1S62, it I'.aving been mustered into the United States ser\ ice on the thirtieth of January previous. Its total strength was nine hundred and seventy otncers and men. It arrived at its destination on the tenth of March, and went into quarters at " Beiitou Barracks."

The Fifteenth regiment, mostly recruited from the Scandinavian jiopulation of Wisconsin, was organized at "Camp Randall," .Madison - Hans C. Heg as colonel. Its muster into the Cnited States service was completed on tiie fourteenth of February, iS6j, it leaving the State for Si. Louis, Missouri, on the second of March following, with a total strength of eight hundred and one officers and men.

'I'he Si.xteenth regiment Avas organized at "Camp Randall," and was mustered into the service on the last day of January, 1S6;, leaving the State, with Benjamin Allen as colonel, for Si. Louis on the thirteenth of March ensuing, having a total strength of one thousand and si.vty-six.

The regmiental organization of the Seventeenth infantry (Irish), Colonel Jc)hn L. Doran effected at " Camp Randall," and the mustering in of the men comiileted on the fifteenth of March, 1862, tlie regiment leaving the State on tiie twenty-third for St. Louis

The Eighteenth regiment organized at " Camp Trowbridge, " Milwaukee - James S. Alban, ' olonel - completed it-, muster into tlie United States service on tiie fit'teenth of March, iS6j, .iiid left the Slate for St. Louis on tlie thirtietli, reaching their point ni' destination on the thirtyfirst.

The Nineteenth infantry rendezvoused at Racine as an independent regiment, its colonel, Horace 1'. Sanders, being commis;>ioned by the w.ir dejiartment. The men were mustered into ''--e service as fast as they were enlisted. Independent organizations being abolished, by an ";der irom Washington, tlie Nineteenth was placed on the s.ime footing as other regiments in the ^^tate. On the twentieui of -Vpril, iSOj.'tiie regiment was ordered to "Camp Randall " to guard 'cbel prisoners. Here the iiuutering in was completed, numbering in all nine hundred and seventy-three. They left the State t"or Washington on the second of June.

The muster into the United States service of the Twentieth regiment - iJertine Pinckney, colonel - was completed on the twenty-third of August, iS6?, at "Carap Randall," the original strength being nine hundred and ninety. On the thirtieth of August the regiment left the State for St. Louis.

The Twenty-first inlantry was organized at ()^iil; k!i, being mustered in on the fifth of September. i8''i2. with a force of one thousand and two, all told - Benjamin J. Sweet, colonel - leaving the State for Cincinnati on the eleventh.

The Twenty-second regiment - Colonel William L. Utley - was organized at "Camp Utley," Racine, and mustered in on the second of September, 1S63. Its original strength was one thousand and nine. It left the State tor Cincinnati on the sixteenth.

On the thirtieth of .August, i85;, the Twenty-third regiment - Colonel Joshua j. Guppey - was mustered in at "Camp Randal!," lea\ ing ^[ad!son for Cincinnati on the fifteenth.

The Twenty-fourth infantry rendezvoubcd at "(ramp Sigel," Milwaukee. Its muster in was completed on the t.venty-t'irst of .\ijj;jst, 1S62, the regiment leaving the State under Colonel Charles H. Larrabee, for Kentucky, on the fit'th of September, one thousand strong.

On the fourteenth of September, 1S6:. a: " Camp Salomon," LaCrosse, the Twenty-fifth regiment was mustered into the service - Milton .M.:intgomery, colonel. They left the State on tlic nineteenth with orders to report to General Pope, at St. Paul, Minnesota, to aid in suppressing tile Indian difficulties in that State. Their entire strength was one thousand aqd eighteen. The regiment, after contributing to the preservation of tranquillity among the settlers, and deterring the Indians from hostilities, returned to Wisconsin, arriving at " Camp Randall " on the eighteenth of December, 1SG2.

The Twenty-sixth - almost wholly a German regiment - was mustered into the service at "Camp Sigel," Milwaukee, on the seventeenth of Sejitcnlier, 1862. The regiment, under command of Colonel William H. Jacobs, left the State for Washington city on the sixth of October, one thousand strong.

The Twenty-seventh infantry was ordered to rendezvous at "Camp Sigel," Milwaukee, on the sevenreentli of September, 1S62; but the discontinuance of recruitmg for new regiments in .-\ugust left the Twenty-seventh with only seven comjianies full. An order authorizinw the recruiting of three more companies was received, and under the supervision of Colonel Conrad Krez the organization was comjilcted, but the regiment at the close of the year had not been mustered into th.c service.

On the twenty-t'ourth of C'etober, 1S62, the Twenty-eighth regiment - James .M. Lewis, of Oconomowoc, colonel - mustered into the L'nr.e.! States service at "'Camp W'a.ihliurn," Milw.iukee. Its strengtii was nine hun(ired and sixts-une. In November, the regiment was emp!(n-ed in arresting and guarding t!ie draft rioters in Ozaukee county. It left the State for Columbus, Kentucky, on the twentieth of I lecember, wiiere they arrived on the twenty-second; remaining there until tiie fifth of J.inuarv, 1S63.

The Twenty-ninth infantry - Colonel C'haries R.Gill - was organized at " Camp Randall," v.-!iere its muster into the L'nited States servi< e w.is completed on the twenty-seventh of September, 1S62, the re;,,'iment leaving ttie State lor Cairo, Illinois, on the second of Xoveniber.

The Thirtieth regiment, organized al"C.;nii Randall" under the supervision of Colonel Diniel J. Dill, completed its muster into tiie Cmted Sr.ites service on the twenty-iirat of October, r^<»2. with a strength of nine hundred anii m\. ( 'n l:;e .sixteenth of Xovemijer, one company of l';e Tiiirtieth w.is sent to Green iJ.iy to ])r.>:ect liu- dralt commissioner, remaining several weeks. Or. t!ie eighteenth, seven companies mo\ eil to .\Livv.uikee to assist in enl'orcing the draft in Milw.nukee rf>unty, while two companies remained in ram;) Randall" to guard Ozaukee rioters.

On the twenty-second, six companies from Milwaukee went to ^^'est Bend, Washington count)-, one company returning to "Camp Randall." After the completion of the draft in Washington county, four companies returned to camp, while two companies were engaged in gathering up the drafted men.

The Thirty-second regiment, organized at "Camp Bragg," Oshkosh, with James H. Howe ns colonel, was mustered into the service on the twenty-fifth of September, 1S62; and, on the thirtieth of October, leaving the State, it proceeded by way of Chicago and Cairo to Memphis, Tennessee, going into camp on the third of Xo\ember. The original strength of the Thirt}'- second was nine hundred and ninety-three.

The Thirty-third infantry - Colonel Jonathan B. Moore - mustered in on the eighteenth of October, 1S6-;, at " Camp Utley," Racine, left the State, eight hundred and ninet\-two strong, moving by way of Chicago to Cairo.

The Thirty-tburth regiment, drafted men, original strength nine hundred and sixty-one - Colonel Fritz Anneke - had its muster into service for nine months completed at "Camp Washburn," Milwaukee, on the last day of the year 1S62.

Of the twenty-four infantry regiments, numbered from the Twelfth to the Thirty-fourth inclusive, and including also the Ninth, three - the Ninth, Twelfth, and Thirteenth - were mustered into the United States service in 1861. The whole of the residue were mustered in during the year 1S62, except the Twenty-seventh and the .Thirty-first. All were sent out of the State during 1862, except the last two mentioned and the Twenty-fifth, Thirtieth, and Thirty-fourth.

The First regiment of cavalry - Colonel Edward Daniels - perfected its organization at " Camp Har\ey," Kenosha. Its muster into the I'nited States service was completed on the eighth of March, 1S62, the regiment leaving the State for St. Louis on the seventeenth, with a strength of eleven hundred and twenty-four.

The muster of the Second Wisconsin cavalry was completed on the twelfth of March, 1862, at '"Camp Washburn," Milwaukee, the regiment leaving the State for St. Louis on the twentyfourth, eleven hundred and twenty-seven strong. It was under the command of Cadwallader C. \\'asiiburn as colonel.

The Third Wisconsin cavalry - ColoneMVilliam A. Barstow - was mustered in at " Camp liarstow," Janesville. The muster was completed on the 31st of January, 1S62, the regiment leaving the State on the 26th of March for St. Louis, with a strength of eleven hundred and eijjhty-six.

The original project of forming a regiment of light artillery in Wisconsin was overruled by the war department, and the several batteries were sent I'rom the State as independent organizations.

'l"he First battery - Captain Jacob T. Foster - perfected its organization at "Camp Utley," the company was mustered in, it leaving the State with a strength of one hundred and lifiy-five, on the 23d of January, 1S62, for Louisville, where the battery went into "Camp Irvine," near that city. The Second battery - Captain Ernest F. Herzberg - was mustered into i-c service at " Camjj Utley," October 10, 1S61, the comj.any numbering one hundred and fifty- It left the State for Baltimore, on the 21st of January, 1S62. The Third battery - Cap- ''-in L. U. Drury - completed its organization of one hundred and seventy at "Camp L'tley," and mustered in October 10, iSfJi, leaving the State fur Louisville, on the 23d of January, '562. The Fourth battery - Captain John F. \'allee^rende/.voU3ed at "Camp Utley." Its "lu-itcr in was completed on the rstof October, 1S61, its whole force being one hundred and fifty The company left the State for Baltimore on the 21st of lanuarv, 1S62. The Fifth bat- tery, commanded by Captain Oscar F. Pinney, was mustered in on thj ist of October, 1861, at " Camp Utiey," leaving the State for St. Louis, on the 15th of March, 1S62, one hundred and fifty-five strong. The Sixth battery - Captain Henry Dillon - was mustered in on the 2d of October, 1S61, at " Camp Utley," leaving the State for St. Louis, March 15, 1862, with a numerical strength of one hiindrocl and fifty-seven. The Seventh battery - Captain Richard R. Griffiths - wa< mustered in on tlie 4th of Octo'ier, 1S61, at " Camp Utley," and proceeded on the 15th of March, iS'Jj, with the Fifth and Si.vth batteries to St. Louis. The Eighth battery, commanded by Captain Steplien J. Carpenter, was mustered in on the Sth of January, 1862, at "Camp Utley," and left the State on the iSth of March following, for St. Louis, one hundred and sixty-one strong. The Ninth battery, under command of Captain Cvrus H. Johnson, was organized at Burlington, Racine county. It was mustered in on the 7th of January, 1S62, leaving "Camp Utley " for St. Louis, on the iSth of M.irch. At St. Louis, their complement of men - one hundred and fifty-five - was made up by the transfer of forty-five from another battery. The Tenth battery - Captain Yates V. Bebee - after being mustered in at Milwaukee, on the loth of February, 1862, left " Camp Utley," Racine, on the iSth of March for St. Louis, one hundred and seventeen strong The Eleventh battery - Captain John O'Rourke - was made up of the ''Oconto Irish Guards " and a detachment of Illinois recruits. The company was organized at "Camp Douglas," Chicago, in the Spring of iS6j. Early in 1862, William A. Pile succeeded in enlisting ninety-nine men as a company to be known as the Twelfth battery. The men were mustered in and sent forward in squads to St Louis. Captain Pile's commission was revoked on the iSth of July. His place was filled by William Zickrick. These twelve batteries were all that left the State in 1S62. To these are to be added the three regiments of cavalry and the nineteen regiments of infantry, as the effective force sent out during the year by Wisconsin.

The military officers of the State, at the commencement of 1S63, were Edward Salomon, governor and commander-in-chief; Brigadier General Augustus Gaylord, adjutant general; Colonel S. Nye Gibbs, assistant adjutant general ; Brigadier General Nathaniel F. Lund, quartermaster general; Firigadier General E. B. Wolcott, surgeon general; and Colonel W. H. Watson, military secretary. The two incomjilete regiments of 1862 - tiie Twenty-seventh and Thirty-first volunteers - were completed and in the tield in March, 1863. The former was mustered in at " Cani[) Sigel " - Colonel Conrad Krez - on the 7th of March, and left the State, eight hundred and sixty-five strong, on the 16th for Columbus, Kentucky; the latter, under command of Colonel Isaac E. Messmore, with a strength of eight hundred and seventy-eight, left Wisconsin on the ist of March, for Cairo, Illinois. The Thirty-fourth (drafted) regiment left "Camp Washburn," Milwaukee, on the 31st of January, 1S63, for Columbus, Kentucky, numbering nine hundred and sixty-one, commanded by Colonel Fritz .\nneke. On the 17th of February, 1863, the Twenty-fifth regiment left "Camp Randall" I'ur Cairo, Illinois. The Thirtieth regiment rein. lined in Wisconsin during the whole of 1S63, performing various duties - the only one of the whole thirty-four that, at the end of that year, had not lel't the State.

On the 14th of January, 1863, the legislature of Wisconsin, as before stated, convened at Madison. Governor Salomon, in his message to that body, gave a summary of the transactions of the war fund during the calendar year; also of what was done in 1S62, in the recruuincr of military forces, and the manner in which the calls of tlie [iresidcnt were responded to. 'I here were a number of military laws passed at this session. A multitude of special acts authorizinotowns to raise bounties for volunteers, were also ])asscd.

No additional regiments of infantry besides those already mentioned were organized in 1863, although recruiting for old regiments continued. On the 3d of March, 1863, the congress of the United States passed the "Conscription Act." Under this act, Wisconsin was divided into six districts. In the first district, I. M. Bean was appointed provost marshal; C. M. Daker, commissioner; and J. B. Dousman, examining surgeon. Headquarters of this district was at Milwaukee. In the second district, S. J. M. Putnam was appointed provost marshal ; L. B. Caswell, commissioner; and Dr. C. R. Head, examining surgeon. Headquarters of this district was at JanesviUe. In the third district, J. G. Clark was appointed provost marshal; E. E. Byant, commissioner; and John H. \'ivian, examining surgeon. Headquarters at Trairic du Chien. In the fourth district, E. L. Phillips w-as a[)pointed provost marshal ; Charles P.urchard, commissioner; and L. H. Gary, examining surgeon. Headquarters at Fond du Lac. In the fifth district, C. K. Merrill was ajipointed provost marshal ; William A. Bugh, commissioner; and H. O. Crane, exam.ining surgeon. Headcjuarters at Green Pay. In the sixth district, B. F. Cooper was appointed provost marshal; L. S. Fisher, commissioner; and D. D. Cameron, examining surgeon. Headquarters at LaCrosse. The task of enrolling the State was commenced in the month of ^[ay, and was proceeded with to its completion. The nine months' term of service of the Thirty-fourth regiment, drafted militia, having expired, the regiment w-as mastered out of service on the Sth of September.

The enrollment in Wisconsin of all persons liable to the '"Conscription" amounted to 121,202. A draft was ordered to take place in Xovember. Xearly fifteen thousand were drafted, only six liundred and twenty-eight of whom were mustered in ; the residue either furnished substitutes, were discharged, failed to report, or paid commutation.

In the Summer of 1861, Conqiany " K," Captain Langwonhy, of the Second Wisconsin infantry, was detached and placed on duty as heavy artillery. His company was designated as ".A," First Regiment Heavy .Artillery. This was the only one organized until the Summer of 1S63; but its organization was eiTected outside the State. Three companies were necessary to add to company '" A" to conij.lete the battalion. Batteries " B," " C " and '' D " were, therefore, organized in Wisconsin, all leaving the State in October and November, 1S63.

James T. Lewis, of Columbia county, was inaugurated governor of Wisconsi.i on the fourth of January, 1S64. In an inaugural address, the incoming governor pledged himself to use no executive patronage for a re-election; declared he would administer the government without l)rejudice or par.iality; and committed hiin-.elf to an economical administration of affairs connected with the State. On the thirteenth the legislature met in its seventeeiuh regular session. W. \\ . Field was elected speaker of the asseml'Iy. The republican and union men were in the majority in this legislature. A number of acts were passed relative to military matters.

C)n the I St day of October, J. L. Pickard having re = igned a^ superintendent of public instruction, J. G. .McMynn was, by the governor, apiiointed to fill the vacancy. On the tifteenth of November, Governor Lewis appointed Jason Downer aii associate justice of the siqjreme court, to fill a vacancy caused by th.e resignation of Judge Byron Paine, who had resigned his po-.ition to take et'fect on that day, in order to accept the position of lieutenant co.onel of one ot tiie regiments of NVisconsin, to which he had been commissioned on the tenth of .\ugust previous. 'I'he Ntivember elections of thi-, year were entered into with great zeal by the two parties, owing to the fict tlia.t a [jre-iilent and vice president of the United States were to be chosen. The re[)ub!icans were victorioas. Electors of tli.it party cast their eight vote-> lor Lincoln and Johnson. The meuibers electeil to the thirty - ni.itli congress from Wisconsin ^t this election were; from the first district, H. 1'". Paine; from the second, 1. C. Sloan ; from 'he third, .\niasa Cdib; from the fourth, C. A. Eldredge; from the fifth, i'hiletus Sawyer; and

The Eighteenth regular session of the Wisconsin legislature began in Madison on the eleventh of January, 1S65. W. W. I'ield was elected speaker of the assembly. The legislature was, as to its political comjilcxion, " Republican Union." On the tenth of April, the last day of the session, Governor Lewis informed the Ici^idature that General Lee and his array had surrendered. " Four years ago," said he, "on the day fixed for adjournment, the sad news of the fall of Fort Sumter was tran:.mittcd to the legislature. To-day, thank Cod I and ne.xt to Him the brave officers and soldiers of our army and navy, I am permitted to transmit to you the official intelligence, just received, of the surrender of General Lee and his army, the last prop of the rebellion. Let us rejoice, and thank the Ruler of the Universe for victory and the pros- ])ects of an honorable peace." In February preceding, both houses ratified the constitutional amendment aboli.^hing slavery in the United States. .\t the Spring election, Jason Downer was chosen associate justice of the supreme court fir a full term of six years. The twentieth of April was set apart by the governor as a day of thanksgiving for the overthrow of the rebellion and restoration of peace. At the Fall election both parties, republican and democratic, had tickets in tlie field. The republicans were victorious, electing Lucius Fairchild, governor; Wyman Spooner, lieutenant governor; Thomas S. Allen, secretary of state; William E. Smith, state treasurer; Charles R. Gill, attorney general; John G. McMynn, superintendent of public instruction; J. M. Rusk, bank comptroller; and Henry Cordier, state prison commissioner.