Livingston County, Illinois - Chapter with an unread heading (no. 25 of those read), 1909 (part 7 of 17)

GORDON, Edward Freeman, an enterprising young farmer on Section 8, Odell Township, Livingston County, Ill., a man of notable intelligence, good mental attainments and sterling traits of character, was born in Sunbury Township, Livingston County, August 5, 1875, a son of James and Jennie (Upham) Gordon, the former a native of the North of Ireland and the latter of the State of Michigan. James Gordon came to the United States when a young man, locating in Massachusetts, whence he subsequently went to New York, and still later to Michigan, where his marriage took place. There he lived several years, and about the year 1872, moved to Sunbury Township, Livingston County, Il, After occupying the place five years, he changed his location to Odell Township where he now owns 280 acres of land. Twenty-five years of his life were passed in farming in this locality, and all the improvements on the property were made by him. In 1902 he withdrew from active exertion, taking up his residence in Odell, Ill, where he has since spent his time in leisure, enjoying the companionship of his worthy wife, the rewards of long continued toil. In polities, James Gordon is a Republican, and is still active in the interests of his party, although he has never entertained any desire for public office. He and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal church. They have reared five children, all of whom are living.

In boyhood, Edward F. Gordon attended the common schools and the Odell High School, as well as that of Onarga, Ill, afterwards taking a course of one year at Bryant & Stratton's Business College, in Chicago. In 1902 he took charge of 120 acres of his father's farm, where he has since been engaged in farming and raising stock. He was married March 12, 1902, to Gertrude Mills, born in Livingston County, Ill, and a daughter of Roger H. and Sarah (Burns) Mills, old settlers in the county, having come from Ohio at an early period. The paternal grandparents of Mrs. Gordon also came from that State, in the early *50s, settling in this locality. Mr, Mills now lives in Dwight, Ill., his wife having passed away August 3, 1896. Fora number of years he followed farming, but at present is engaged in the real estate business. Politically, he is a Republican and is influential in local affairs, having served two terms as Supervisor. He has always taken an active and prominent part in church work. He and his wife had five children, of whom only one daughter beside Mrs. Gordon is living. The education of the latter was received in the Dwight High School. Mr. and Mrs. Gordon have three children: Sarah Edith, Roger James and John Edward.

In politics. Edward F. Gordon is a Republican, and has held the office of School Trustee two terms. Fraternally, he is affiliated with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. He attends religious services at the Methodist Episcopal church, of which his wife is a member.

GOURLEY, Thomas Benton, owner of a fine farm of 240 acres in Esmen Township, Livingston County, Ill, and a prominent citizen of his locality, who now devotes his attention principally to dealing in live stock. was born in Amity Township, Livingston County, October 20, 1866. His father, Alfred Gourley, was born in Loudoun County, Va., April 20, 1826, and his mother, Rebecca Jane (Ferris) Gourley, was a native of what is now Harrison County, W. Va. Abel Gourley and Ross Ferris, the pater- mal and maternal grandfathers, were both Virginia farmers. In 1865, Alfred Gourley, who also followed farming in Virginia, drove through with his team and implements to Livingston County, Ill, and in the following year, returning to the Old Dominion in the same way, and drove back to Illinois bringing his household goods. He then bought from "Bob" Ingersoll, 160 acres of land in Amity Township. to which he added by subsequent purchases until he had acquired about 480 acres, Ultimately, he was seized with rheumatism, which necessitated the amputation of one of his feet. For twelve or fourteen years he was an invalid, and his death occurred May 31, 1898, his widow surviving him until November 10, 1900. Politically, he was a stanch Democrat, and served the public as Road Commissioner and School Director. He and his wife were members of the Methodist church.

Thomas B. Gourley was educated in the district schools of Amity Township, and remained at home until he was nearly twenty-one years old. On September 6, 1887, he went to Spring Valley, Ill., where he was employed as a teamster in the stone quarries, and afterwards worked on a farm by the month. On reaching the age of twenty-three years, he rented the "Dr. Jones farm" one year, and in March, 1891, bought a one-third interest in 160 acres of land in Esmen Township, on which he carried on farming for ten years. In December, 1900, he sold out, purchasing from "Sol." Smith, 160 acres lying across the road from his former place. He has since increased the extent of his landholdings until they now comprise, as stated at the opening of this sketch, 340 acres. In partnership with Mr. Frank Bradley he also purchased 280 acres in Renville County, Minn. On his property in Livingston County he built a modern house and an up-to-date barn in the fall of 1900, and has greatly improved it in

. many respects. In recent years he has not been engaged in active farming operations. devoting his time mainly to buying and selling live stock, and at present writing, the care of the farm devolves on his eldest son, Samuel A. Gourley. At the present time he is a Director of the Farmers' State Savings Bank of Cornell, Ill.

On January 15, 1890, at Pontiac, Ill., Mr. Gourley was united in marriage with Letta Alice Mills, who was born in Livingston County, Ill., January 30, 1872. Mrs. Gourley is a daughter of Samuel and Mary (Kimber) Mills, her father who came to LaSalle County, Ill., in 1869, having formerly filled the position of foreman of a large farm in England. In 1880 they moved to Esmen Township, Livingston County, later moving three miles north of Pontiac, living there two years. Then they went to Grundy County, Iowa, and later to the southern part of Kansas. They now live near Hamburg, Iowa. Jesse Kimber, grandfather of Mrs. Gourley, was by occupation a shepherd in England. Mr. Gourley and his worthy wife have had five children, as follows: Samuel Alfred (already men-

In political action, Mr. Gourley is a firm adherent of the Democratic party, and has rendered efficient public service as Road Commissioner and School Director. He is a man of sound judgment and enterprising spirit, and is recognized as one of the most prosperous and influential citizens of his locality.

GOWER, Hon, Bailey A., a retired farmer and old time resident of Livingston County, Ill., now living in the town of Odell, a man of high character and spotless reputation and one of the largest land-holders in the eastern part of the State, was born in Franklin County, Maine, October 27, 1835, a son of John and Dorothy (Weekes) Gower, natives of the last named State and county, where they were born, respectively, February 1, 1808, and April 10, 1811. The paternal grandfather, whose name was also John, was a son of Robert Gower, of England, who came to America prior to the Revolutionary War and settled in Franklin County, Maine, where he died. John Gower (I.), who was a farmer in Maine, married Mrs. Susanna (Bailey) Ames, and he and his wife were members of . the Methodist church, in which Mr. Gower was a local preacher and is said to have solemnized more marriages and preached more funeral sermons in his day than any other minister in the State of that period. On the maternal side, the grandparents were Ebenezer and Roxanna (Brooks) Weekes, of Maine, the former a farmer and mill-owner in that State, where both of the grandparents died.

John Gower (II.), the father of Bailey A. who owned and operated a farm in Maine, came to Illinois in 1856, locating at Odell, Livingston County, and, by degrees, his family reached that point in the spring of the same year. At that time the town consisted of the railroad station, occupied by the agent, the "section boss" and his house, and a man named Lyons. who dwelt in a shanty. John Gower settled at the head of Mud Creek, six miles west of Odell, and together with his two sons, Bailey A. and Eben W., bought 240 acres of prairie land. During the second year of the Civil War, Eben W. Gower enlisted in Battery M, First Regiment Illinois Artillery, but died during the first year of his term of service. 'Fhe father continued in partnership with his son Bailey A., until the time of his death. About the year 1880, he re-

` tired from active pursuits. and spent the remainder of his life in Odell. In his earlier career, Mr. John Gower was a stanch Whig and an ardent admirer of Henry Clay. He became a Republican on the organization of that party, and rendered faithful public service as Supervisor and Assessor and in other township offices, being a very prominent citizen. He and his wife were devout and active members of the Methodist church. The death of Mr. John Gower occurred April 19, 1897, and that of his wife, Dorothy Gower, April 27, 1894. Be: sides the two sons above mentioned, they were the parents of one daughter, Julia H., widow of Charles Gammon, and who lives in Odell.

Hon. Bailey A. Gower received his education in the district schools and in Kent's Hill Academy, in Maine, and after his studies were over, taught school in the winter, working on the farm during the summer months. This course he followed, both in Maine and in Ilinois, until it became necessary for him to use all of his time in assisting his father.

On January 13, 1861, Mr. Gower was married, at Esmen, Ill., to Olive C. Day, born in Franklin County, Maine, April 9, 1839, a daughter of James and Cynthia (Cutler) Day, who settled in Livingston County, Ill., in 1852, entering up a large tract of land in Esmen Township. Mr. Day died in 1860, his wife dying December 27, 1867. The union of Mr. and Mrs. Gower resulted in three children, namely: Louis James, born October 23, 1861, a ranchman in San Juan County, N. M.; Frank W., born October 10, 1863, who married Emma Ellis of Saginaw, Mich., and who since the death of his wife on December 22, 1903, with his children has resided with his father in Odell, supervising the farms of the latter; and Eben B.. born December 23, 1868, and who is engaged in the practice of law in Kankakee, Ill., having been County Judge of Kankakee County for two terms. To the original purchase of 240 acres, made by his father, brother and himself, additions have been made from time to time, until the farms now owned by Mr. Gower comprise more than 1,000 acres. Besides this, he is the owner of farming lands in Iowa. After the retirement of his father from the farm, Bailey A. Gower began the raising of Short-born cattle, and for twenty-five years devoted much attention to raising a superior variety of driving horses. His withdrawal from active business pursuits took place in the spring of 1894, when he removed to Odell, where, in 1895, he erected a handsome residence, equipped with all modern conveniences, which he has occupied with his wife, and where they now reside with their son, Frank W., and the children of the latter.

In his political life, Mr. Gower has always been an earnest Republican, exercising a strong influence in the local councils of his party. He has held the office of Supervisor, Representative for the Livingston District in the General Assembly for two terms (1892-96), during that period serving as Chairman of the Committee on Fees and Salaries and as a member of the Committees on Roads and Bridges, Fish and Game, State Institutions, Agriculture and Elections. He and his good wife are communicants of the Methodist church.

GRANDY, Nathan, (deceased). - During his long and honorable life Nathan Grandy demonstrated the worth of industry and integrity, and his contribution to the upbuilding of Livingston County was based upon the solid foundation of conscientious and painstaking labor. He had the patience and perseverance which seems the natural heritage of the youth reared in the sterile places of the world, and on the farm in the vicinity of Panton, Addison County, Vt., where he was born October 6, 1816, cultivated that economy and thrift which remained with him up to the time of his death on his splendid farm near Pontiac, Ill., on June 26, 1890. He was a son of Elijah Grandy, a small land-owner of Vermont, and in his youth his opportunities were extremely limited.

Feeling slight encouragement to remain on the rather unproductive farm of his father, Mr. Grandy while still a young man learned the carpenter's trade, and with this, and his knowledge of farming, fearlessly faced life in the central west, when he arrived in Greene County, Ill., during the summer of 1848. Purchasing land on a small scale, he tilled the same until 1856, in the meantime having married on February 12, 1854, Harriet E. Christy, who was born in Greene County; a daughter of John and Elizabeth (Dennison) Christy, the former of whom was a native of Ohio, and the latter of Kentucky. The paternal grandfather, John Christy, was also born in Ohio. John Christy, the father of Mrs. Grandy, married his wife in Lawrence County, Ill, of which they were early settlers, and later moved to Greene County, where the balance of their lives was spent.

In 1856 Mr. Grandy came to Owego Township, Livingston County, and bought eighty acres of land, ten acres of which had been broken by the plow. To this he later added forty acres of wild prairie land, which he improved, and in 1872, he sold his farm and bought eighty acres in Pontiac Township. This in time was increased by the addition of 160 acres, and here he engaged in general farming and stock-raising for the balance of his life. This land joins Pontiac on the east, and the Pontiac driving park formerly was included in its acreage. After the death of her husband Mrs. Grandy continued to live on the farm until 1899, when she purehased a residence in the town of Pontiac, and since has made this her home. Mr. Grandy was a stanch supporter of the Democratic party, and besides several other offices, filled that of Justice of the Peace for several years. In re ligious affiliation he was a Baptist, and the local church profited largely by his generous support. To himself and wife were born the following named children: Truman E., who is engaged in the real-estate business in Pontiac; Charles E., who is engaged in operating the home farm; Harriet A.; Clara, wife of Albert G. ` Mason, a retired farmer of Pontiac; George W., in real-estate business at St. John, Stafford County, Kan.; William A., a resident and lumber dealer of Mason City, Ill.; Henry, a farmer of Owego Township, Livingston County; and Mary, wife of William Young, of Granada, Colo.

GRAY, Benjamin W. (deceased). - From the time of his arrival in Pontiae in 1852 until his death, about thirty-six years later, Benjamin W. Gray was identified with the business de- velopment of his city and contributed materially to its early progress. To him belonged the distinction of having opened the first dry-goods and grocery store in the town. Few people were living here at the time, but as years passed additional numbers were attracted by the possibilities of the place, and with the increase in population his business interests developed and broadened. Eventually he disposed of his store and gave his attention to the duties of Circuit Clerk. On retiring from that office he and Thomas Williams started the first saw and grist-mill in this region, and they continned together for some years, until finally Mr. Gray sold his interest to his partner.

A son of Miles G. and Harriet (Heloise) Gray. the gentleman whose name introduces this article was born in Hopkinsville, Ky., January 5, 1820, and in that city he received an excellent education. About 1841 he came to Illinois and settled in Bloomington, where he learned the trade of a harness-maker, but he never gave much attention to that occupation, finding other business pursuits better suited to his tastes. In youth he attended the Christian church, and his sympathies were always in accord with the doctrines of that denomination. Politically, he voted the Democratic ticket, As previously mentioned, he filled the office of Circuit Clerk for one term, besides which he served as City Clerk for nine years. Fraternally, he was connected with 1 Masons and the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. His death occurred March 17, 1886, in the city of which, for so many years, he had been an honored citizen.

November 4, 1845, Mr. Gray married Lavinia Jones, whe was born in Springfield, Ohio, February 6, 1829, and died at Pontiac April 3, 1907. Her parents. Stephen and Jemima (Branson) Jones, were natives respectively of England and Wales, and after coming to the United States engaged in farming in Ohio, whence they moved by wagon to Illinois, settling in Bloomington as early as 1832. In the vicinity of that city they owned valuable land and remained until death. Three children were born to the union of Mr. and Mrs. Gray, but two died in infancy. The youngest, Harriet H., was born in Bloomington, Ill, December 9, 1849, and grew to womanhood in her native place. February 16, 1870, she became the wife of John A. Montgomery, who died January 5, 1901, leaving his wife without children, and she then came to Pontiac to surround her mother's declining days with every comfort affectionate love could provide. Mr. Montgomery was born in Bloomington November 25, 1848, being a son of Eli and Almira (McClung) Montgomery, natives of Virginia. After starting out for himself he engaged as postal clerk on the railroad from Chicago to Centralia for five years, after which for three years he was chief clerk in the Chicago Postoffice. At the time of his death he was filling the responsible position of superintendent of all the mail there. In fraternal relations he was a member of the Royal Arch Masons, and Farragut Post, G. A. R., in Chicago. At dif- ferent periods during the Civil War he served in Company C, One Hundred and Thirty-fourth Ilinojs Infantry (a 100-days regiment) and, in Company K., Twenty-third Nlinois Infantry, and in his later years was a member of Farragut Post, Grand Army of the Republic, Chicago.

GRAY, George B. (deceased). - All honor is due those sturdy pioneers who, braving the dangers that beset them on every hand, and courageously facing the privations which were the natural accompaniments of pioneer days, overcame all obstacles that presented themselves and, by force of character and unremitting labor, gained the goal for which they so earnestly strove. George B. Gray was a typical representative of this class of men, and few haye brightened the history of Livingston County with larger gifts of ability and resourcefulness. The life of Mr. Gray came to its conclusion August 1, 1898, crowned by sixty-four years, he having been born in New York State October 3, 1834. He was of Scotch-Irish ancestry and parentage, his father, Walter Gray, having been born in the former, and his mother, Eliza (Calvert) Gray, in the latter country. The parents came as children with their parents to New York, and there grew to man- and womanhood, were married, reared their children and died in comfortable, if not affluent, circumstances, resulting from their industry as agriculturists.

The educational advantages of George B. Gray included the public schools of Orleans County, N. Y., and a college at Rochester, the same State. His initial independence was gained as a farmer in Orleans County, and succeeding in making a fair living, he married, November 19, 1857, Martha A. Boynton, born in Orleans County, June 16, 1835, a daughter of John and Mary R. (Baker) Boynton, natives of Vermont, and Williamstown, Mass., respectively. Mrs. Gray's paternal grandfather was John Boynton, and her maternal grandparents were Eli and Mary (Burbank) Baker, of Williamstown, Mass. During the March following his marriage, Mr. Gray brought his wife to Livingston County, settling in Section 18, Rooks Creek Township, upon land secured from the Ulinois Central Railroad Company. This was all wild prairie at that time, few if any improvements having been made. Mr. Gray set in motion the forces which made of his property one of the finest farms in the township, and specialized in high grade stock to such an extent that he materially infiuenced the local market. His way at first was by no means an easy one, and he saw many hardships ere he - struck the highway of success. Determination and purpose were with him, however, every day of his working life, and he had a special capacity for discerning opportunities for wise investment. He became one of the wealthiest farmers and stock-raisers in his section, and at one time owned a large stock ranch in the wilds of Montana, and also had farm interests in the State of Iowa. Mr. Gray retired from active life January 4, 1891, when he moved into a resi- dence purchased in Pontiac, but which has since been sold by his widow. He left also a daughter, Nellíe A., now the wife of C. E. Legg, of Pontiac.

In political affiliation Mr. Gray was a Republican, and was twice elected as Representative in the State Legislature (1876-80). Various other offices profited by his good judgment and faithful service. In religious faith he was a Presbyterian, and for several years before his death

GREENEBAUM, Moses H,, financier and banker, of Pontiac, Ill., is a descendant of one of the oldest and most respectable families of Germany. Here at the beginning of this brief ac count of his useful career, reference may be made to the obvious benefit which America has derived from the German element of its population. Of the citizen of no other nationality than of the German can it be more truthfully said that he is frugal, industrious, and enterprising, always adding to the public wealth by increasing his own, always paying his way and a little more, always patriotically alive to the public weal and all that it implies.

Mr. Greenebaum is a son of Henry G. and Caroline (Hart) Greenebaum, the former a native of Gelnheusen, the latter a native of Epplesheim, Germany. Henry G. Greenebaum was born in 1837 and in 1850 came to Lexington, Ill.. where he was partner in a clothing firm until 1853. Then removing to Pontiac he established a clothing business there, which he continued successfully until 1871. Then he engaged in the banking business which he continued until his death, which occurred April 23, 1887, Caroline Hart, whom he married, was born in 1846 and, in 1856, was brought by her parents to Chicago, where she lived until ber marriage. She died September 10, 1899. The immediate subject of this sketch was their eldest son. Their son Harry G. is a lawyer at Pontiac. Their daughter, Rosa, is Mrs. Louis Feltheimer of Chicago and their daughter May is Mrs. R. B. Campbell of Helena, Ark, Their son Jacob C. is Assistant Cashier of the Illinois State Savings Bank of Pontiac, and their son William W. is connected with the same institution as Assistant Cashier.

Moses H. Greenebaum was born at Pontiac, June 2, 1868, and was educated in public and high schools and at the Wesleyan University. At the age of eighteen he accepted a position in the Metropolitan National Bank of Chicago, with which he remained until after his father's death, when he became connected with the bank which his father had founded. For some time he was a teller, but in 1895, when he retired from active business, he had been Vice-President of the bank for several years. He was one of the founders of the Illinois State Savings Bank of Pontiac. and has long been its cashier. He was Vice-President of the Savings Bank Section member of the executive council of the Illinois Bankers' Association. He is a member also of the Sons of Pontiac, an Elk, an Odd Fellow and a 32d Degree Mason. Politically he is a member of the Democratic party and has been prominent in the Democratic County Committee, serving as its treasurer during one term. He was appointed by the Late Governor Altgeld Treasurer of the Illinois State Reformatory, which office he ably filled for about two years.

June 21, 1904, Mr. Greenebaum married Miss Mattie G. Bachrach, a daughter of John S. and Emilie (Mandel) Bachrach, the former a retired merchant of Bloomington.

GREGG, Emory, was born in Enosburg, Franklin County, Vt, November 12, 1846, a son of Martin B. and Mary B. Gregg, natives of Vermont. His father was a clergyman of the Presbyterian Church. Mr. Gregg was educated at Cazenovia, N, Y., and enlisted in 1864 as a pri vate in Company H, Ninth New York Cavalry, where he served for one year.

After the expiration of his term of service, Mr. Gregg returned home, and in 1867 came to Illinois, locating in Fairbury, in 1869, where he soon became a very prominent factor in the life of Livingston County. He identified himself with the Republican party, and was appointed Postmaster of Fairbury in 1898, which important office he still holds, discharging the duties pertaining to his position, creditably. and giving the people of Fairbury a good, efficient and satisfactory service.

On October 28, 1871, Mr. Gregg was married in Fairbury, Il, to Minerva Henderson, who was born in Franklin, Ohio. Mr. and Mrs. Gregg have become the parents of the following chilrend: Olin H.. born in 1872; Gertrude M., born in 1875; Charles E., born in 1880, and Warren W., born in 1887. h

For some time Mr. Gregg was a resident of Rose, N. Y., then located in East St. Louis, Ill, and from there came to Fairbury, Livingston County. He belongs to all the Masonic divisions, and is a member of G. A, R. Post No. 75, of Fairbury.

GREGG, Ross D., one of the most prominent citizens of Dwight, Ill, and favorably known throughout the surrounding country, having been for many years a prosperous farmer in Livingston County as well as a leader in local politics, was born in Putnam County, IN., January 2, 1851, a son of Martin and Ann (Calloway) Gregg, natives of Kentucky and Pennsylvania, respectively. Martin Gregg was a wagon-maker by occupation. The family moved to Illinois at an early period, and after following his trade for several years, he entered as a student the medical department of the college at Ann Arbor, Mich., and died while ín attendance there. His widow is still living, her home being in Sunbury Township, Livingston County.

of farming land in Sunbury Township, but of which he never took actual possession during his life. In 1868, the subject of this sketch, together with his mother, Jocated on this tract and there lived for over eighteen years. In 1887 he moved to Round Grove Township, Livingston County, buying a farm of 160 acres, on which he remained until 1892, when he moved to a point near Dwight, soon afterwards establishing his residence in the village itself. In 1897, be built a comfortable and convenient house on East North Street, in Dwight, and since 1900, has devoted his attention to looking after farm lands for Frank L. Smith of Dwight.

On March 14, 1872, Mr. Gregg was united in marriage with Mary Brooker, a native of Ohio and a daughter of John and Elizabeth (Elfry), Brooker, who came from that State to Illinois in 1857. Mrs. Gregg is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church,

Politically, Mr. Gregg is a Republican, and has wielded a strong influence in the local affairs of his party. He served two years as Assessor of Round Grove Township, and was a member of the township and village boards for seven years. During the last eight years he has heid the office of Supervisor. In fraternal circles he is affiliated with the A. F. A, M. and the Modern Woodmen of America. He is one of the most popular men in the northeastern part of Livingston County.

GROSH, Ezra, a well-to-do retired farmer, now living at leisure in Dwight, 11., but still owning a fine farm in Livingston County, besides other valuable farming land in Grundy County, was born in the vicinity of Aurora, Dupage County, Ill., July 2, 1850. He is a son of John and Elizabeth (Aman) Grosh, natives of Germany. John Grosh, who was a farmer by occupation, came to the United States single, as did Blizabeth Aman, both arriving during the '50s. In Dupage County, they first met, and not Jong afterwards were married. Subsequently, they moved to Grundy County, Ill, and ultimately, to Dwight, Livingston County, where they spent the rest of their days. They had two children, both of whom are living. The parents were members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Politically, John Grosh was a Republican. Ezra Grosh was brought up on his father's farm, and received his education in the common schools. In 1877 he bought a farm of eighty acres in Broughton Township. Livingston County, and began the task of improving it; but after working two years, sold it, buying a farm of 145 acres in Grundy County. About seven years afterwards, he sold a part of the land, purchasing 130 acres adjoining it. Besides this he owns 157 acres in Livingston County, just across the road, all of which makes, practically, one farm of 870 acres. In the spring of 1907, he abandoned active farming, moving to Dwight, and buying a comfortable residence, which he has since occupied.

daughter of Frederick and Mary (Knor) Hack, natives of Bavaria, Germany, who were early settlers in Livingston County. The children of Mr. aud Mrs. Grosh are ten in number, as follows: William; John; Nettie, who resides in Dixon, Ill.; Henry; Edward; Alice, who lives in Ohio; Daniel; Albert; Bertha and Frank.

GROTEVANT, Joseph B., formerly a farmer, but in more recent years a successful graindealer in Charlotte, Livingston County, IIL, and a man who has always taken an active and prominent part in public affairs, having served as Clerk and Supervisor, of Charlotte Township, was born in Peoria, Ill., December 26, 1864, His father, Albert Grotevant, was a native of New York State and a farmer by occupation, while his mother, Mary E. (Burrows) Grotevant, was born in London, England. The parents settled in Livingston County in 1888, and Albert Grotevant died in Charlotte, February 29, 1903, his wife having passed away in Chatsworth, Ill., December 17, 1900, when about sixty-three years old. During the Civil War the father was a soldier in the Second Regiment Illinois Artillery, for a year. Their family consisted of eleven children, of whom nine are still living. The subject of this sketch, who was the fourth in order of birth, was reared in Peoria, where his education was obtained in the public schools. When seventeen years old we went with his parents to Tazewell County, Tl., and after living there a few years, they located in Chatsworth Township, Livingston County, where Joseph B. Grotevant was engaged four years in farming, and then commenced dealing in grain at Healey and Charlotte, in which undertaking he has met with success.

Mr. Groteyant was married in Tremont, Tazewell County, June 24, 1891, to Alice McLean, who was born in that county, a daughter of David B. McLean, a well known farmer there. Two children have blessed their union, namely: Grace and Eugene.

In politics, Mr. Grotevant is a Republican. For several years he held the office of Clerk of Charlotte Township, and in the spring of 1906 was elected Supervisor. He served as Justice of the Peace a number of years. On September 1, 1908, Mr. Grotevant assumed the position of Manager of the Chatsworth Electric Light Plant. In fraternal circles, he is affiliated with the Modern Woodmen of America.

GROTEVANT, Thomas C., the present efficient and popular Supervisor of Forrest Township, Livingston County, Ill, was born in Peoria, Ill, March 7, 1867, a son of Albert and Mary E. (Burrows) Grotevant, the former a native of New York State and the latter of London, England. The parents settled in Livingston County in 1888, and the father died in Charlotte Township, February 29, 1903, the mother dying in Chatsworth December 17, 1900, At the time of

Albert Grotevant served for one year in the Second Illinois Artillery Regiment during the Civil War. Eleven children were born to him and his faithful wife, of whom nine are still living. Thomas C., who was the fifth child of this family, accompanied his parents to Livingston County, having previously received his education in the common schools. In early manhood he followed farming, and in 1900, engaged in mercantile pursuits in Forrest, Ill., in which he has since continued.

Mr. Grotevant was married in the village of Forrest, April 19, 1900, to Martha E. Oppie, a daughter of A. N. Oppie, of that place. He has been successful in his business undertakings, and is looked upon as one of the most substantia! and reliable merchants in the southeastern part of the county.

On political issues, Mr. Grotevant is identified with the Republican party. He has held the offices of Alderman and acted as Treasurer of the School Board, and in the spring of 1907, was Supervisor of Forrest Township. He has taken an active interest in all matters pertaining to the welfare of the community, and is classed as one of its most prominent and useful citizens. In fraternal circles, he is affiliated with the A. F. & A. M, and the Modern Woodmen of America. His religious connec tion is with the Congregational church of Forrest, in which he acts in an official capacity. A record of the life of Mr, Grotevant's brother, Joseph B. Grotevant, appears elsewhere in this connection.

GSCHWENDTNER, Frank, an extensive landholder in Owego Township, Livingston County, Ill., a very successful farmer and stock-raiser, and one of the most prominent men in his loeality, was born in Owego Township, Livingston County, January 12, 1867, a son of Anton and Magdalena (Brueck) Gschwendtner, natives of Bavaria, Germany, who came to the United States about the year 1858, proceeding to Illinois and first locating in Bureau County. In 1865 they moved to Livingston County, and settled on eighty acres of land bought by the father in Owego Township. To the first purchase he added by degrees until his landed possessions reached an aggregate of 700 acres. He died in Owego Township, on June 4, 1897, his wife stiil surviving, at an advanced age. They became the parents of five sons and three daughters, all of whom are living. In politics, Anton Gschwendtner was a Democrat, and was a member of the Catholic church, as is his widow. All his land was acquired by his own exertions, and he worked several years by the month in order to get a start in farming for himself. The subject of this sketch attended the common schools in early youth, and was reared to farm life, an occupation which he has always followed. He is the owner of 400 acres of land, and is extensively engaged in stock-raising, being a breeder of Shorthorn cattle and of Percheron and Hackney horses. His farming operations are on a large scale, and he is classed as one of the leading representatives of the agricultural element in Owego Township.

On March 1, 1894, Mr. Gshwendtner was joined in matrimony with Gusta Wolf, born in Owego Township, Livingston County, July 25, 1869, a daughter of John M. and Margaret (Apel) Wolf, who settled in the county in 1863. Her father died May 8, 1891, but her mother is still living on the home farm. This union resulted in four children, namely: Bernard F.; Raymond, deceased; Eva R. and Francis.

In politics, Mr. Gschwendtner is a Democrat, and is serving as School Director, having held this office for twelve years. He was Road Commissioner eight years, and in 1907 was elected Supervisor in Owego, which is a Republican Township. He and his family are members of the Catholic church.

GUTEL, Theodule D., a retired farmer, of high character, now residing in Odell, 111., surrounded by all the comforts of life, and enjoying the respect, confidence and good will of numerous friends, was for many years successfully engaged in agricultural labors in Nevada Township, Livingston County. Mr. Gutel was born in France, April 29, 1827. His father, Desere Gutel, a laborer, and his mother, Rose (Bonafore) Gutel, were natives of France, where they spent their entire lives. Both were members of the Lutheran Church. They were the parents of two children, one of whom died in infancy. The educational opportunities within the reach of Theodule Gutel in his youth, were very meager. In December, 1854, he came to the United States, landing in New York City, where he was employed for a year. In 1855, he journeyed to Illinois, and after searching some time for a suitable location, finally bought a farm of 160 acres in Nevada Township, Livingston County. After conducting this farm successfully for more than thirty-five years, in March, 1892, he moved to Odell, where he bought a convenient and pleasant home, and has since lived in ease and contentment.

The marriage of Mr. Gutel took place September 12, 1857, Elizabeth Faivre then becoming his wife. Mrs. Gutel was born in France, and came to this country in 1850. After living six years in New York State, she became a resident of Illinois. Nine children blessed her union with Mr. Gutel, namely: George A., Alfred, Amos, Isaac, Frank, William, Clara, Peter, deceased, and John. The worthy mother of this family, and faithful companion of her husband through all his toil, is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church.

Politically, Mr. Gutel has been a Republican for many years, and during the period of hisvigor and activity, served several terms as School Director, in a faithful and efficient manner. He has lived a long, industrious and useful life, amassing a snug competency and maintaining an unblemished record, and now, in the waning

HADLEY, Richard D. - New York State has contributed many of the best pioneers of the Western States, for from that commonwealth came sturdy men and hard-working women with the love of home and country firmly implanted in their hearts, seeking to make a place in the world for themselves, and most of all for their children. No hardships were too great, no difficulties too many, and eventually they not only succeeded in establishing new and valuable homes, but in building up a territory many times vaster than the more civilized region they left behind. Every State has its record of the lives of such pioneers, and Illinois has its share, while many of the most numerous families of Livingston County, were founded in the county by pioneers from Eastern States. The Hadley family comes of just such stock, and Richard D. Hadley, who for the past six years has been mail carrier on the Rural Route Delivery No. 1 out of Blackstone, is one of its representative members. The Hadley family traces its lineage back to three brothers who came to America about 1750, one settling in Vermont, one in New Hampshire, and one in Maryland, and it is from the Vermont Hadleys that Mr. Richard D. Hadley is descended. This family has always been prominent in civil and military affairs, and the great-grandfather Hadley was at Bunker Hill, and one of the most cherished possessions of Mr. Hadley is the bullet-box and belt worn by this hero at that battle.

Mr. Hadley was born on Section 32, in Sunbury Township, October 15, 1861, a son of James P. Hadley, who was born in Seneca, N. Y., in 1806. When nine years of age he was taken by his father to Cincinnati, via the Alleghany River on a house-boat. From there they came to LaSalle County, Ill., overland, and remained there from 1846 to 1848. In the latter year they came to Livingston County, where the elder Mr. Hadley bought 120 acres of wild land at $1.25 per acre, which he improved and converted into a good home. Here he resided until his death, which oceurred October 22, 1888. His widow survives, residing in Wayne County, Il. The following children were born to Mr. and Mrs. James P. Hadley: Richard D.; Helen, who married Frank Heckman of Wilsonville, Neb. ; Norman, of Wayne County, Ill.; Amanda, married W. A, Stuart of Utica, LaSalle County, Ill.; Irvin, of Greenville, Ky.; Roxy married T. A. Roe, of Pontiac, Ill.; Orin a farmer of Wayne County, Ill.

Richard D. Hadley was reared on his father's farm, and there remained until he was twentytwo. On January 1, 1884, he was married to Mary E. McDugle, who was born in Peoria County, January, 7, 1864, a daughter of James McDugle, a native of Dayton, Ohio. Mr. McDugle came to Illinois, settling in Knox County. In 1891 Mr. and Mrs. Hadley left the farm where they had resided after their marriage, and loeated in Blackstone, For a short time Mr.

Hadley was connected with the Chicago & Alton Railroad, and then was in a general store until his appointment in 1902 to the Rural Free Delivery route out of Blackstone, and was the first in that service in his locality, and is the seventh to be appointed to the service in Livingston County. During his six years of faithful service he has made the unusual record of only losing three days. He has won the confidence of those who live on his route, who are very liberal in their praise of his devotion to duty and accommodating spirit. 2

Six children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Hadley: James S., a carpenter, residing at home; Charles William, foreman of an extra gang on the Chicago & Alton Railroad; Nellie at home; Howard F., Mary K. and George R., all at home. During the many years Mr. Hadley has been a resident of Sunbury Township, he has taken a deep interest in Township affairs, and socially has affiliated himself with the I. O. O. F. Lodge No. 618 of Cornell, Ill., and the Modern Woodmen of America, Camp No. 1845 Blackstone; has also been a member of Company b: penh Regiment, Illinois National Guard of

HANKS, William H., a retired farmer and wellknown resident of Fairbury, Livingston County, Il., is best known to the people of his community as a relative of the martyred President, Abraham Lincoln, his father being a first cousin of Nancy Hanks, the mother of Mr. Lincoln. Mr. Hanks was born in Ross County, Ohio, August 11, 1836, a son of Absalom and Harriet (Climer) Hanks, and grandson of Thomas Hanks. The Hanks family came from Virginia, as did the Lincoln family, and emigrated at an early day to Kentucky, and from thence to Ohio. While residing in Ohio, Thomas Hanks married Miss Elizabeth Ryan, and settled with her in Ross County, Ohio, in 1801. Just a year after Ohio was admitted to the Union, Thomas Hanks died.

Absalom Hanks moyed to Clarke County about 1839, and William H. Hanks can remember the day they landed in Clarke County, Ohio, although he could not have been more than three years old. His parents have long since passed away, but he tenderly cherishes their memories and will never forget the good example both set him. The children of Absalom Hanks and wife were: George, who settled in McLean County, Ill., and became a wealthy farmer, dying there about 1868; Joseph was also a farmer of McLean County, his death occurring there about 1866, leaving one son and one daughter; Thomas moved to Missouri, where he died, leaving three daughters all of whom were married; Austen died near Springfield, Ohio, leaving two daughters; Elizabeth, Susan and Rebecca, all deceased; Salinda, widow of John Slagle of Detroit, Mich.; Emily married John Trueman of Clark County, Ohio. By occupation Absalom Hanks was a farmer, in religious faith he and his wife were members of the Christian Church, and he was a good man and successful farmer.

farm and his education was a meager one. For school books he had a speller. In those days books were very expensive, and the children borrowed from each other. One would have a speller, another an arithmetic, and another perhaps a history, and thus they all by trading were enabled to learn from each one. In 1861 he responded to his country's call, enlisting in the Sixteenth Ohio Battery, and served for three years, participating in the entire Siege of Vicksburg. The battery was then transferred to New Orleans and there mustered out and sent to

Returning to Clark County, Ohio, he remained until March, 1865, when he came to Ilinois, and settled in McLean County, where he took charge of his brother Joseph's farm, the latter being unable to take care of it on account of sickness. Mr. Hanks thus continued until 1868, when he bought forty acres adjoining his brother's farm, in Yates Township, McLean County. There he was married August 16, 1868, to Miss Rosalia Matheny, born at Pleasant Hill, a daughter of John W. and Mary (Wikoff) Matheny, both of whom were natives of Adams County, Ohio. The young couple began housekeeping on his farm, where their children were all born. They are as follows: Laura, wife of Thomas Larson, a farmer living near Wolcott, Ind., and they have one child, Mabel; Thomas is on the old homestead in Yates Township, McLean County, and married Cora Mears; Florence, wife of Frank Reany, of Omro, Wis., and has three children - Marshall Harold, Nellie and Charlotte; Susan, Rose and Lizzie at home; William residing on Mr. Hanks' farm in McLean County; and Clark at home.

Mr. Hanks sold his first property and bought a 160-acre farm near Chenoa, where he lived until 1898, when he removed to his present pleasant residence in Fairbury, where he has a beautiful home surrounded by six acres of land, where he and his wife dispense a delightful hospitality that makes everyone welcome, stranger and friend alike. Early in life Mr. Hanks was converted, and was very prominent in church work in McLean County, and after locating in Livingston County, he took up the matter of helping erect a church building for the Free Methodists. and with Mr. Cottingham, J. C. Orr and Charles Crouch, put up the present edifice and has contributed very generously towards its support ever since. Until he located in Fairbury he used to drive in to service every Sunday, and is always to be found in the house of the Lord whenever there is any kind of service. Mrs Hanks early joined the Evangelical Church. Mr. Hanks is a true-hearted Christian man who has always labored for what he considered right. For many years he has been a strong temperance man and, during the crusade of 1908, worked very hard to bring about the much-needed reformation, and takes no little satisfaction in what was accomplished. He is beloved by all who know and appreciate his many virtues, and the work he has done in the way of elevating moral standards and bringing about reforms in several directions.

HARDING, Anthony, a well known and energetic farmer, was born in Livingston County, Ill., March 31, 1867, the fifth child of Frank and Mary (Brooks) Harding, natives of Bavaria, Germany, where his father was born September 14, 1834, and his mother on February 14, 1833.

In 1860, Mr. and Mrs. Harding, with their eldest child came to America and settled on a farm in LaSalle County, later moving to Livingston County where they continued to farm. Mr. Harding's last home was near Campus, where he met his death on September 1, 1890, being struck by a train while crossing the Wabash Railroad tracks on his return home in a farm wagon. Mr. Harding was a good and substantial citizen, living all his life as a strong believer in the Catholic faith.

Mary (Brooks) Harding, the mother of Anthony, was also a strong believer in the Catholic faith until her death February 22, 1891, of cancer of the stomach. She was the mother of nine children, six boys and three girls, all living except one daughter, Louise, who died September 14, 1904, of heart disease.

Anthony Harding grew to manhood on a farm, receiving his education in the common schools of the neighborhood, and during his mature life has carried on farming, his labors being attended by good results. He was raised a Catholic On March 5, 1888. he was united in marriage to Mattie DeMoss, who was born in Avoca Township, September 14, 1869, being the fifth child of Thomas and Rhoda (Graves) DeMoss. James DeMoss, the father of Thomas DeMoss, and grandfather of Mrs Harding, came with P. O. McDowell to Livingston County, Ill., from Hamilton County, Ind., and settled on a farm in Avoca Township, when his son Thomas was but ten years of age.

Thomas DeMoss was born in Hamilton County, Ind., November 20, 1830, and is the only son of James DeMoss now living. As the youngest child, he is still residing on the old homestead, being seventy-eight years old at the present time. This property was taken by his father in 1840. In 1853 Thomas DeMoss was united in marriage to Miss Leah Carson, of Indiana, who died September 27, 1857, and of this union was born one child, Melinda, now deceased. Mr. DeMoss was again married November 29, 1860, to Miss Rhoda Graves, of Avoca Township.

Mrs. Rhoda (Graves) DeMoss was born in Rensselaer County N. Y., July 30, 1841, and became one of the first teachers of this section of Livingston County. Of this union were born ten children, of whom one daughter died in infancy and one son of consumption at the age of fourteen years.

Mrs. Harding resided with lier parents until her marriage on March 5, 1888. At the age of sixteen years she united with the Methodist Episcopal church of Owego Township, and received her education from the common schools of Avoca. On March 5, 1888, Anthony Harding and Mattie DeMoss were united in marriage in the city of Pontiac. They resided on several farms in Livingston County, their last place of residence being on the Taylor farm, three miles south-east of Pontiac. To this union have been born eight children: Della B., Iva M., L. Pearl, O. Anthony, T. Earl, Mabel M., Clarence R., Marshall B., all of whom are living.

HARMON, Mahlon, one of the prosperous merchants of Long Point, and for many years one of her prominent business men, is a man who, while remarkably successful from a material Standpoint, is one whose public spirit has brought him into active co-operation with his fellow citizens in various movements of the day, in which he always could be relied upon to take an advanced stand and exert his influence to the utmost on the side of law and order. He was born at Kirtland, Lake County, Ohio, in 1860, a son of Daniel Wright and Harriet (Martin) Harmon. After receiving a good common school education in Ohio, Mr. Harmon took a scientific course in the Northern Norma] University, from which he was graduated in the Class of 1886. From 1886 to 1890 he was President of the Teachers' Association of Fulton County, Ohio, and for sixteen years was a teacher, beginning in Ohio in 1883. When he located at Long Point it was as a teacher, but he discovered that his real bent was toward a business life, and in 1907 the firm of Harmon Bros. was formed with J. E. Harmon as his partner, for the purpose of conducting a general merchandise business. The two have greatly enlarged their original business and carry a full line of all kinds of dry-goods, groceries, carpets, boots and shoes, and all commodities which go to make up a first class general merchandise store. Their prices are extremely low, while their service is at all times extremely good.

Mr. Harmon was a Republican from the time he first voted, but lately his interest has been deeply enlisted in the cause of temperance. He has served very acceptably as Town Clerk, Justice of the Peace for two terms, and is Notary Public. He comes of historical forebears, Daniel W. Harmon having been an explorer and Indian trader, and Reuben Harmon one of the early governors of Vermont.

On June 28, 1893, Mr. Harmon was married in Long Point, Livingston County, to Millie C. Lampe, and they have had these children: Wilmer, born November 17, 1900, and died at birth; Esther M., born February 8, 1902; Willis Oliver, born November 24, 1906; Willard Henry, born November 24, 1906, the last two being twins. Fraternally Mr. Harmon is a member of Adeina Lodge, Independent Order of Odd Fellows, Streator, Streator Encampment, Independent Order of Oda Fellows, and the Long Point Lodge Knights of Pythias. In religious matters he is a member of the Disciples of Christ, has served for many years as Superintendent of the Sunday School and been very active in church work. Having been a resident of Long Point since 1890, when he settled in Livingston County, Mr. Harmon is one of the old residents of this locality, and has thoroughly borne his part in its development and the advancement of many improvements to be seen on every side.

HARMS, Henry H. - Farming has become a regular business, and the farmer works hard and produces wonderful results, obtaining from his rich soil an abundant income, and not merely a living as was the case in the older days. Livingston County has some as representative men engaged in agricultural pursuits as are occupied in any other walk of life, and among those worthy of special mention is Henry H. Harms of Section 19, Indian Grove Township, who was born near Kruger, Woodford County, Ill., March 16, 1860, a son of Henry H. and Jennie (Sathoff) Harms, both natives of Aurig, Ost Friesland, Germany. They were married in Germany, and, in 1851, left their native land and came to America, locating in Peoria. For five years he worked in a brickyard, but in 1856 began teaming, and continued in that business until 1859. In the fall of that year he rented a farm one mile west of Kruger, and there carried on farming until 1861. Once more he changed his location, settling near Secor, in Olio Township, Woodford County, and was there engaged in farming until 1865, when he bought 160 acres of land in Clayton Township, Woodford County, near Benson. Here he became one of the successful farmers of that locality. but in 1871 moved to Dr. Wilson's farm near Secor, leaving his two eldest sons on the home farm in Clayton Township. Although his health was not good, he was an excellent manager and good farmer and his services were in much demand. In 1865 he offered his services to his country, but they were refused because he did not come up to the military requirements. Remaining on the Wilson farm until 1874, Mr. Harms then bought another 160 acres in Lynn Township, Woodford County, which is considered the best in that part of the State, and he lived upon it until 1882, when his wife died on October 13th of that year. Mrs. Harms was one of the true women and a whole-souled Christian, devoted to her home and family.

Fight children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Henry H. Harms, Sr., namely: Harm W., a farmer owning 540 acres in Lee County, Ill.; Hilwert, a farmer owning 380 acres in Yates Township, McLean County, Ill.; Annie wife of D. Meyer, a hardware merchant and manufacturer of the Weir Hot Air Furnace at Peoria; Mary, married Frank Rewerts, a farmer on his 270- acre farm in Ogle County; Henry H.; Jennie, married John C. Wilms, a farmer on his 200-acre farm in Ogle County; Amanda, married George Wilms, grocer in Lincoln; Gertie died in infancy. ` The father died October 14, 1903. A Democrat in politics, Mr. Harms would never accept public office, but was always ready to help his friends and to aid in the promotion of any reform or improvement for the good of the community. He was a Lutheran in religious views, took an active part in church work, and was

Henry H. Harms, Jr., began his school life near Benson, Ill., but when still a small boy helped on the farm, and remained with his parents until after the death of his mother, in 1882. He was married on February 15 of that year, to Miss Julian Baum, born in Tazewell County, Ill, a daughter of Valentine Baum, a native of Germany, born at Hieplshiem, Rhine, Prussia, in 1823, and died August 12, 1908. He came to America in 1851 and in 1854 was married in New Jersey to Caroline Zimmer. They moved to 'Tazewell County, Ill., where Mrs. Harms was born June 26, 1859. About 1862, the family moved to Woodford County near Secor. After Mr. Baum retired from the farm, he located in Secor, where he made his home until his death, at the age of eighty-five years and sixteen days. Of his ten children, seven were left with his widow to mourn his demise, namely: Charles Baum on the homestead; William Baum a carpenter of Kankakee; Katherine, widow of Ernest Johnson, is a resident of Fairbury, Neb.; Julian wife of Henry H.; Caroline. wife of Joseph Miller of Secor; Ida wife of Leonard Miller, a farmer near Secor, Ill.. Emma with her mother makes her home with Charles on the old homestead.

After his marriage Henry H. Harms took charge of the homestead and his father resided with him until his death. In 1898 his father sold his farm in Woodford County, moving to Ogle County with his son Henry H., who had already bought 340 acres in Dement Township, and lived there until 1904, when he sold out and bought the farm on which he now lives. He has added to this and now owns 575 acres in one tract, on which he has erected excellent buildings and has a very comfortable home. He has improved the property until it is one of the best in the county.

Mr. and Mrs. Harms have children as follows: Jennie C., born January 7, 1883, married John G. Gruben, is operating 210 acres of the home farm, and they have two children - Walter and Victor; Valentine William, born July 1, 1884, is at home; Henry H., Jr., born April 21, 1887, at home; Caroline, born February 27, 1889, wife of Henry Hiens, a farmer of McLean County, Ill.; Annie, born November 3, 1892; Emma, born July 11, 1895; Herman, born July 26, 1897. These children were all born in Woodford County.

When the elder Henry H. Harms came to America he was a poor man and when he landed in Peoria, he spent his last cent to cross the ferry. Having worked his way from abject pov-

- erty to wealth, he believed in training his sons to do likewise, and so, when each was twenty, he gave him a team, and rented him land, but the boy had to buy his own harness and farm implements. That the plan was a good one is shown by the fact that they all have been successful, and the aggregate of acres owned by them is 1501. Mr. Harms carries a good grade

Like the parents of both, Mr. and Mrs. Harms are connected with the Lutheran Church, and they take an active part in its good works. Mr. Harms believe in the principles of Democracy, but usually votes for the man he believes best fitted for the place in question. He is honest, hardworking and industrious, and the success which has attended his efforts has certainly been well merited.

HARTER, James, a prosperous merchant and leading citizen of Long Point, Livingston County, 111., was born in Reading Township, in the same county, July 24, 1868, being a son of Josephus and Mary (Coulter) Harter, natives of Indiana, His parents settled in Reading Township in 1866, locating on a farm of eighty acres. Subsequently the father became the owner of 260 acres in the same locality, of which he still retains 160. On this land he has followed general farming, besides raising considerable livestock. Success has always attended his efforts, and his record has been that of a diligent, careful and thorough farmer, and a useful member of the community. Politically, Josephus Harter !s a Republican, and he and his wife are members of the Christian church. They had five sons and three daughters, and of these six are still living, all connected with the same religious denomination.

The education of James Harter was obtained in the common schools, his youth and early manhood being passed on the paternal farm. For several years he was engaged in farming, and in 1904 moved to Long Point, 1ll., where he established himself in the merchantile trade. In this undertaking he has been very successful, having gained a large and profitable patronage. While farming he operated a corn-sheller and threshing machine for twelve years.

On January 8, 1896, Mr. Harter was united in marriage with Jessie Bradley, who was born in Reading Township, Livingston County, a daughter of Joseph and Charlotte (Wright) Bradley. Mr. and Mrs. Harter are natives, respectively, of Rochester, Ind., and of a farming community near Washington, Pa. Her father was one of the early settlers of the Township.

In politics, James Harter is a supporter of the Republican party. Fraternally, he is identified with the M. W. A. and the K. of P. He is a man of good business qualifications, attends closely to the interests of his store, and has won an enviable reputation for honest and equitable dealing. Both Mr. and Mrs. Harter are members of the Christian church.

HARTER, Lewis J., who is successfully engaged in the hardware and implement trade at Long Point, Livingston County, Ill., under the firm name of Harter & Jahnke, was born in Huntington County, Ind., May 11, 1865. He is a son of Josephus and Mary (Coulter) Harter, natives of that State, who settled in Reading Township, Livingston County, in 1866. Josephus

Harter is a prosperous farmer and stock-raiser, and by diligence, good management and integrity, acquired 260 acres of land in Reading Township. Of this he still owns 160 acres. He is a man of high character and is much respected among his fellow townsmen. In politics he is identified with the Republican party, and he and his family are communicants of the Christian church. Eight children were born to them, of whom five were sons, two of whom are deceased.

The youth of Lewis J. Harter was passed on his father's farm, and his education was received in the district schools in the vicinity of his home. For several years after reaching maturity he was engaged in farming, and while following this occupation, operated a threshing machine and a corn-sheller, the former for fourteen years, and the latter eighteen years. In March, 1903, he took up his residence at Long Point, Ill., and, in partnership with Frubert Jahnke, went into the hardware and implement business. The trade of the concern has grown to such an extent that the quantity of goods now sold is double that handled at the outset. Mr. Harter is careful, attentive and reliable in his transactions, and enjoys the confidence and respect of his patrons.

The marriage of Mr. Harter took place February 12, 1891, on which date he was wedded to Cornelia J. Baldwin, a native of Osage Township, LaSalle County, Ill., and daughter of John and Kittie (Dean) Baldwin. Mrs. Harter's father was English by nativity, and her mother born in Tremont, Ill. They settled in LaSalle County, Ill., about the year 1862, where Mr. Baldwin carried on farming, dying there July 11, 1907. His widow died in LaSalle County September 15, 1907.

In politics, Mr. Harter is a Republican, and fraternally, is affiliated with the Modern Woodmen of America, having joined that order in 1893. He has also been connected with the Royal Neighbors since 1906. He and his wife are members of the Presbyterian church.

HAYES, Henry B. - The successful cultivation of the land and the raising of blooded stock are two lines of business activity that are engrossing the attention of many of the very best men of Illinois. From its location, Livingston County is peculiarly adapted for farming pursuits, and Henry B. Hayes, general farmer and stockraiser on Section 2, Long Point Township, has been exceedingly fortunate. He was born in Shelby County, Ohio, September 14, 1864, a son of Daniel L. and Susanna (Worley) Hayes, the former a native of Pennsylvania, and the latter of Shelby County, Ohio. The father was born September 11, 1826, and the mother May 8, 1826. His father died when Daniel E. was only nine years old, and the lad was reared by strangers in Pennsylvania until he was fourteen. He and his brother then went to Shelby County, Ohio, and began working by the month on a farm. The bright young fellow made friends and on March 8, 1852, he married, and then bought eighty acres of land in Shelby County, which he cleared, and made of it a good farm. In his time he helped to clear off four sections of land, and saw it all transformed into good farms. He remained in Shelby County until 1881, when he sold his interests and moved to Berry County, Mich., where he bought eighty acres of improved land, with a fine apple orchard. However, in 1886 he sold his Michigan home and went to Hall County, Neb., where Henry B. had gone in 1885. Reaching this new field, he bought 207 acres of improved land. and there made his home until 1896, when he left the farm to move to Grand Island, Neb., where he died in March, 1903. His wife had died February 11, 1896. Both were Cumberland Presbyterians, and both were active in educational matters. He was well posted in local and national matters, a stanch Republican, and very fond of discussing political issues in the family.

Mr. and Mrs. Daniel Hayes had children as follows: Joanna, wife of William Finerock of Woodland, Mich., born January 18, 1853; Prudence, born May 26, 1854, wife of Thomas Stewart of Hennepin County, Minn.; Rebecca, born January 19, 1856, died March 30, 1856; Mary C., born August 7, 1858, wife of Jacob J. Fessler a farmer in Peoria County, Ill.; Amy, born July 18, 1860, wife of Lewis Upperman, of Grand Island, Neb.; Susanna, born March 16, 1862, died June 27, 1863; Henry B., born September 14, 1864.

The boyhood days of Henry B. Hayes were spent in Shelby County, Ohio, and there he attended district school and worked on the farm, At the age of sixteen he went with his parents to Michigan, and remained with them until his marriage, March 30, 1884, with Emma F. Keiser, also born in Shelby County, Ohio, September 7, 1866, a daughter of William and Eva (Sherer) Keiser. Her father was born in Germany and came to America when a child, settling in Montgomery County, Ohio, and then moved to Shelby County. Her mother was a native of Pennsylvania, and both were farmers and remained in Shelby County until their death, the father dying in July and the mother in September, 1881. Both were German Baptists and true Christian people, and were greatly beloved for their many They had twelve children, four sons and eight daughters, only three of whom are now left: David Keiser, of Shelby County; Mary, wife of Mart. Peterson of Bloomer, Ohio; Jacob W., who died at the age of seventeen; two daughters who died in infancy; Susan, wife of Lewis Christian of Woodland, Mich., but is now deceased, leaving two children, Lawrence and Forest; Martha Dorcas, wife of Allen Martin. a farmer near Bradford, Ohio, left two children, Ora and Edith; Miranda, deceased wife of John Miller, left one child, Cora; Ida. deceased wife of Thomas Lyons, died August 17, 1908; John A., deceased, left five children, Maud, Allen. Estella, Otto and Raymond, of Bradford, Ohio; William, deceased, left two children, Nora and Roy.

in February, 1885, removed to Grand Island, Neb., bought eighty acres of land in Hall County, which was in an uncultivated state. They brought this land into a good degree of improvement, remaining on it until 1898, when they removed from Nebraska to Peoria County, Ill, where they rented land until 1900. For the next five years they rented in Long Point Township, Livingston County. In that year Mr. Hayes sold his Nebraska farm, and bought 124 acres on Section 23, Long Point Township. He has made many improvements on his farm, and now has one of the best in the township. Mr. and Mrs. Hayes have had three children: Forest L., born at Woodland, Mich., August 28, 1885, married Hilda Girard, born in Long Point Township, a daughter of a farmer, and they have one child, Naoma F., born February 8, 1908; Cora B., born June 17, 1887, near Grand Island, Neb., one of the successful teachers of Livingston County; Arthur D., born near Grand Island, Neb., February 24, 1889. The children have been given good, common school educations. Mrs. Hayes and daughter, Miss Cora, are active members of the Christian Church of Long Point, although Mrs. Hayes was brought up a German Baptist, but on the organization of the Christian Church in this lo- ` cality she joined it. Mr. Hayes is a member of the M, W. A. of Long Point, and Mrs. Hayes is a member of the Royal Neighbors. In politics, Mr. Hayes is a Republican and he has always taken an active part in local affairs, supporting what he believes will be for the best interests of the community. Both sides of the family lived to ripe old age, the paternal grandmother of Mr. Hayes having been 106 years old at the time of her death, and the maternal grandmother of Mrs. Hayes having been 105 when she passed away.

HEEREN, Heye F., a prosperous retired farmer and extensive land-owner in Livingstou County, Ill., all of whose accumulations are the result of his own industry, perseverance and thrifty management, is a native of Germany, where he was born January 24, 1844. His parents, Harry and Webke (Franzen) Heeren, passed their entire lives in that country, where they reared a family of three sons and five daughters, of whom two sons and two daughters are still living. Mr. Heeren received his education in the public schools of Germany and served three years as a soldier in the German army. In 1870 he came to the United States, proceeding directly to Illinois, and on May 24, 1870, began working by the month in Nebraska Township, Livingston County. After continuing in this employment five years, he bought eighty acres of land in that township, which he cultivated for 'a while and then sold out, going west and spending several years in Iowa and Nebraska. Returning to Livingston County in 1893, he purchased 240 acres of land in Nebraska Township, and on this built a fine barn and made other improvements. Besides this farm, he is the owner of 160 acres in Iroquois County, Ill.. and another 160-acre tract in Rooks

Creek Township, Livingston County. On the home place, in addition to general farming, he has devoted his attention to raising stock, breeding Belgian and Percheron horses.

On April 14, 1875, Mr. Heeren was married to Dena Hempkin, a daughter of Frank and Hilda (Ummen) Hempkin, who was born in Germany, where her parents passed all of their lives. Mr. and Mrs. Heeren became the parents of six children as follows: Herman, deceased; a second Herman and an infant, both deceased; Frederick, Anna, and Heye T. In politics, Mr. Heeren is a Republican, and has held the offices of School Trustee and Road Commissioner. He and his family are members of the Lutheran church.

HEIBULT, John, who has been successfully engaged in farming in the vicinity of the village of Flanagan, Livingston County, Ill., for nearly twenty-eight years, and is classed as one of the most thorough, energetic and prosperous farmers in his locality, was born in Germany, on October 11, 1856, a son of Claus and Dorothea Magdalena (Hardess) Heibult, natives of Germany, where the father's birth took place in 1835, and that of the mother in 1840, Claus Heibult, a farmer by occupation, is still living in Germany, his wife having passed away.

In the fatherland John Heibult attended the . public schools, growing up on the home farm. When he reached the age of twenty-four years in 1867, he emigrated to the United States and located in Livingston County, Nebraska Township, working by the month for John Park for one year, rented land until 1880, when he bought a farm. The property consists of 249 acres of land, well improved and in excellent condition, and here, besides his general farming operations, he devotes his attention to breeding a fine grade of horses. In this line his labors have been rewarded by the best results. He also rents eighty acres on which he now lives.

The marriage of Mr. Heibult took place in Germany, on April 19, 1879, when Wubke F. Gerdes became his wife. She was a daughter of Frank and Flossie (Seifkerts) Gerdes. They were born in Germany and both died there, The union of Mr. and Mrs. Heibult bas been the source of four children, namely: Frank J.; Lena. wife of George Feather; Herman and Tena.

On political issues Mr. Heibult ranges himself on the side of the Republican party and has been School Director many years. The religious faith of the family is that of the Lutheran church, in which he is Trustee,

HEINEN, Denis M., an industrious, thorough and honorably disposed farmer in 'the northwestern portion of Livingston County, IIl., known and respected by all the residents of his locality, is successfully engaged in operating 160 acres of land belonging to him in Dwight Township. Mr. Heinen is a native of LaSalle County, Tll., where his birth took place August 20, 1865. His father, Peter Heinen, was a German by nativity. and for three years served as a soldier in the German Army. In the old country he was inured to farm work, and when he emigrated to the United States in 1853, he followed the same occupation. After being employed in New York State for a year, as a farm hand in summer and a timbercutter in winter, he journeyed to Illinois, where he hired out for two years to a minister named Mudge, living near LaSalle. Subsequently, he farmed on rented land in the same vicinity. Moving with his family to Dwight Township, Livingston County, in the fall of 1868, he purchased 120 acres of unbroken prairie-land, which he put under cultivation, building a dwelling and barn, and' otherwise greatly improving it. His wife, Sarah Heinen, died in 1869, a victim of typhoid fever, and his only daughter, Mary, a little child, dying simultaneously, wás committed to the earth with her mother, in the same grave. Peter Heinen kept on toiling, and in course of time, with the help of the subject of this sketch and that of his brother, John E., who is now a prominent farmer in the same neighborhood, increased his landed possessions to 360 acres. After the death of his first wife he was twice married, the name of second wife being Anna, and the third being Kate McNally, who now lives with Mr. Heinen. The father departed this life in 1901. He was a consistent member of the Catholic Church, and in politics, a firm Democrat, serving as Road Commissioner and School Director. Besides John E., Denis M. and Mary, the parents had one other child, Michael, who is deceased.

Denis M. Heinen attended the district schools in boyhood when opportunity offered, but his educational advantages were not abundant. He was accustomed to herd cattle over the prairies for his father, going to school whenever he could. He grew up on the home place, working together with his father until the latter's death. He is the owner of 160 acres of the homestead property, on which he is building barns, ete., and making other necessary improvements.

At Chicago, on April 18, 1898, Mr. Heinen was married to Mary Dwyer, born in Scamnion, Kan.. March 26, 1875. Mrs. Heinen's parents, who were natives of Ireland, died when she was very young, and she was reared by her uncle. Patrick O'Day, a farmer in Ilinois. Mr. Heinen and his worthy wife have three children, namely: Isabel, born October 4, 1899; Louis, born November 17, 1901; and Mary, born September 23, 1905. In the matter of politics, Mr. Heinen takes an independent course, and is not actively interested in party contests. He and Mrs. Heinen are members of the Catholic Church.

HEINEN, John E., an enterprising and thrifty farmer of strong common sense, sound practical information and unquestioned honesty, who owns and operates a well improved farm of 200 acres of land in Dwight Township, Livingston County, 111., was born in LaSalle County, the same State, September 15, 1861, a son of Peter and Sarah Heinen, the former born near the River Rhine Germany, in 1828, and the latter a native of

Ireland. Peter Heinen attended the public schools of the fatherland, and later followed farm work there, being also, for three years, in the German army. In 1853 he came to the United States, working, the first year after his arrival, on farms in New York State during the summer, and in the winter cutting timber at seventy-five cents per day. The next year he located near LaSalle, 111., being employed there for two years by Rev. Mr. Mudge, and afterwards renting land. In the fall of 1868 he moved his family to Dwight Township, Livingston County, and bought 120 acres of raw prairie, on which he put up buildings and made other improvements. In the memorable "wet year" (1869), he sold just 150 bushels of corn. With the help of his sons, he increased his land holdings until, at the time of his death, he owned 360 acres. In 1869 his first wife, Sarah, died of typhoid fever, her little daughter, Mary, expiring at the same time, and being buried with her in the same coffin. Peter Heinen married again, his second wife, Anna Heinen, also dying. Later, he was married for the third time, wedding Kate McNally, who still survives, making her home with her step-son, Denis Heinen. Besides John E., the children of the first marriage were: Denis, aforesaid, a farmer in Dwight Township; and Michael and Mary, deceased. In religion, Peter Heinen was a Catholic, and in politics a Democrat. He was an upright and useful citizen, and rendered faithful public service as School Director and Road Commissioner. His death occurred in 1901. John E. Heinen attended the common schools and completed his education in the Dwight High School, helping his father on the home farm until he reached the age of twenty-eight years. At that period he assisted the latter in making a 160- acre addition to the homestead, and carried on the farming operations in conjunction with him until death terminated the partnership in 1901. His share of the paternal estate was 200 acres, which he has thoroughly tilled and is constantly improving.

On March 1. 1892, Mr. Heinen was joined in wedlock. at Wenona, LaSalle County, Ill., with Mary Comiskey. who was born in that county November 25, 1859. Mrs. Heinen is a daughter of James and Bridget Comiskey, early settlers of LaSalle County, where he was the owner of more than 600 acres of land at the time of his death. Five children blessed this union. as follows: Mamie E., born March 20, 1893; Frances D., born August 1, 1895; Veronia; born April 4, 1897: John Leo, born March 23, 1899, and Agnes Cecelia, born December 29, 1905.

The political sentiment of Mr. Heinen is in harmony with the policies of the Republican party, and his fellow-townsmen have shown their confidence in him and appreciation of his merit, by electing him successively School Director and Road Commissioner. His religious connection. as also that of his amiable wife, is with the Catholic Church.

lant veteran of the Civil War, long a useful member of the community, and recognized by his fellow citizens as a most worthy example of the true Christian gentleman, was born in Warren County, Ohio, April 3, 1827. He is a son of William and Elizabeth Hercules, natives of Pennsylvania, who moved to Ohio at an early period in the last century, and there both passed the remainder of their lives. C. Hercules was reared on a farm, and in early youth attended the district schools in his vicinity, afterwards learning the carpenters' trade, and subsequently becoming a bridge carpenter. In 1862 he enlisted in Company G., One Hundred and Twentyninth Regiment Illinois Volunteer Infantry, and was wounded in the engagement at Burnt Hickory, Ga., where he lost his left arm. Mr. Hercules has lived in Pontiac, Ill., since 1856, and up to the time of his retirement from active pursuits, mostly followed the occupation of a carpenter, being also engaged, for a part of the time, as collector. He is the owner of a fine residence at No. 726, east Howard Street, which he occupies with his family in comfort and contentment, resting in the satisfaction that follows a life honorably and usefully spent.

Mr. Hercules was married to Jane Elizabeth Farhner, a native of Pennsylvania. Twelve children are the offspring of this union, of whom nine are still living. In politics, Mr. Hercules has been a Republican since the organization of that party. Fraternally, he is affiliated with the I. O. O. F. He has always taken an earnest and active interest in the prosperity of Pontiac, and has been helpful in charitable and philanthropic movements, and in all undertakings calculated to promote the welfare of his fellowmen. For many years his religious faith was that of the Presbyterian denomination, but he is now a communicant of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He is an honored member of the Grand Army of the Republic, and is deeply respected by all classes in the community.

HERR, Stephen, organizer and proprietor of the Citizens' Bank, of Chatsworth, Livingston County, Ill., was born in Baden, Germany, December 9, 1842, a son of Sebastian and Josephine (Stuckle) Herr. The father, who was a stonemason by trade, came to this country and settled in Tazewell County, I., in 1856, his half-brother, John Roshard, having previously located in that county. The voyage across the Atlantic was made on a sailing vessel, consuming three months between Havre and New Orleans, Then he continued up the Mississippi to St. Louis, and on the Illinois River to Peoria, journeying nearly 5,000 miles by water. Sebastian Herr applied himself to farm work for a year, and his son Stephen came to the same locality and worked for $4.25 per month and board. In 1860, the mother, together with her son Hermann, and her two daughters, Theresa and Bertha, joined them, living in Tazewell County until 1869. After laboring as a farm hand for some time, Stephen Herr started out for himself on rented land, and in the last named year, bought 160 acres in Section 18, Fayette Township, Livingston County, eighteen miles southwest of Chatsworth, on the county line. The purchase price of this tract - which was all raw prairie - was $13 per acre, and he had but $1,000 to invest. He built a dwelling, and convenient barns for stock and grain, and in 1874, added 160 acres to his place, paying for it $25 per acre. In 1892 he removed to a 400-acre farm north of Chatsworth and adjoining the corporate limits, which he had purchased in 1889, at a cost of $20,000. This farm he operated until 1903, when he took up his residence in the village, establishing the Citizens' Bank January 1, 1904. Since that period he has devoted his whole attention to the banking business, still retaining possession of his two farms. He was one of the first to begin tiling in this locality, and both of his farms are now thoroughly tiled. Others soon followed his example in this respect, the advantages of tiling in a flat country having been clearly demonstrated by his efforts. The banking enterprise of Mr. Herr has been a successful one, having for its basis all his financial resources, The subject of this sketch was one of the charter members in the organization of Lafayette Township, and nearly all his contemporaries have passed away. The township still owns its school section, the income from which nearly meets the expenses of the schools. For years he was on the Board of Trustees.

On August 8, 1865, Mr. Herr was married to Henrietta Wageman, also of German nativity, and nineteen years old at the time of her marriage. Mrs. Herr is a woman of fine traits of character, and has shared her husband's struggles with noble fidelity. Eight children were born to their union, as follows: John S$., who operated the Chatsworth farm; Frank H. and Ed B. respectively cashier and assistant cashier in their father's bank; Stephen S., a student in Notre Dame University, at South Bend, Ind.; Jesse James, a pupil in the parochial school in Chatsworth; Katie, a sister in the Notre Dame institution at Milwaukee; Mary, who is at home; and Emma, who was assistant cashier in the Citizens' Bank, and died at the age of 29 years. All were reared in the faith of the Catholic church, and were originally members of St. Rose church at Strawn, Ill., but for years have been connected with the Church of St. Peter and St. Paul, in Chatsworth. Mr. Herr has traveled considerably in the United States, and, in 1899, went to Germany and visited the house where he was born, afterwards making a tour of Switzerland, France, England. Scotland and Ireland.

In politics, Mr. Herr is a Republican of a yery pronounced type, but his political action has always been devoid of selfishness. In every relation of life, he has faithfully done his duty. He made a good home for his parents in the declining period of their lives, the father dying at the age of eighty-two years, and the mother when seventy-seven years old. His brother Hermann, and his eldest sister, Theresa, are liv-

HICK, Richard W. - Existence during the pioneer days of Livingston County was entirely different from what it is at present. In that struggle in which man pitted himself against primeval forest and all the hardships incident to the developing of wild land into fertile farms and flourishing cities, the strongest types of manhood anl womanhood were evolved. While there were many disadvantages and dangerous hardships in such a life, there also were many compensations. The light of the tallow-dip had not the brilliancy of electric light, but it ever shone to light the wandering traveler to the hospitable log cabin, where before the open fireplace he was made one of the family and shared the meal which many times was prepared from wild game shot by the host in the vicinity of his home. Even if it was necessary to keep the trusty gun within easy reach, it was only needed to defend the family against Indians or wild animals, for neighbors in those days did not war against each other. Each year the circle is contracting; the number within it grows less and less, and soon there will be none left of those pioneers who are so closely identified with the early history of the county. One of those deserving of special mention is Richard W. Hick, now retired, and living at Long Point, Livingston County. Mr. Hick was born in Floyd, Oneida County, N. Y., August 7, 1836, a son of the Rev. Richard and Agnes (Schanck) Hick. Rev. Richard Hick was born in Devonshire, England, but come to America at the age of eighteen and settled in Floyd, N. Y., where, on November 10, 1825, he married. Mrs. Hick was born February 26, 1806, at Elizabethtown, N. J. Mr. Hick had been educated in England for the ministry in the Methodist church, and after his marriage was placed upon the regular circuit and remained there until 1836. During their residence in Floyd, Mr. and Mrs. Hick had the following children: Ruth Ann, born in 1827, died in Wabash County, Ill., in 1840; Richardson S., born January 20, 1829, is a prominent lawyer and State's Attorney of Kansas; Hester, born July 21, 1830, married John Coleman, both died and are buried at Ancona, Ill.; Mary, born May 11, 1833, married Delos Wright, both being deceased and buried at Ancona; John, born June 6, 1834, died and is buried at Ancona; Richard W., born August 7, 1836. When the latter was six weeks old, the family left New York and came to Mt. Carmel, Ill., via the Erie Canal, the lakes and Ohio River. When a change was made from the canal boat, the baby was forgotten in the confusion, but was discovered and restored to his almost frantic mother. The family settled in Mt. Carmel. and there the following children were born: Sybilla, born May 19, 1839, died April 24, 1843; Agnes H., born October 25, 1841, married William Deever, who lost his life in defense of his country after the death of his wife in 1861, and his body lies somewhere in the South; Laura E., born August

In 1848, the Rev. Mr. Hicks left Wabash County, and settled in Kendall County, Il., where he rented a farm, and remained until his death, August 14, 1849. For two years the family remained on the farm and in 1851 came to Reading Township, Livingston County, and settled on Section 29. Mrs. Hick, with her three sons and three daughters, entered eighty acres of land which became known as the Higbee farm, and on it the Hick family began their pioneer life in Livingston County. The three boys cut the logs, split out the lumber siding and shingles, and built the clap-board house that was their first home in the county. So well did they do this that our subject obtained work on the construction of the Illinois Central Railroad during the winters of 1851-52. At this time wild game was plentiful and the deer were so tame they would come into the barn-yard. The mother not only did all of the housework, but made the clothing and the cloth. She manufactured the candles, made all of the soap, put up the wild fruit as best she could in those days, and was noted all over the county for her excellent housewifery. This was not accomplished without hard, unremitting labor, and her spinning wheel was often kept running until midnight. She used to knit socks and sell them at the stores in Reading, Ill.

As they grew older, however, the family separated, and R. S. Hick went to Pontiac and practiced law. The old home was sold and Mr. Hick can yet recall the pangs of homesickness he suffered after the family had been divided. Among other pleasant recollections of the time are the trips made to Ottawa with grain. Upon one occasion, the journey nearly resulted in a tragedy, when a little party of seven tried to ford the swollen Vermilion River, but fortunately all escaped, though it taught Mr. Hick a lesson and he never attempted to ford the river in deep water again.

On April 1, 1857, Mr. Hick married Miss Sarah A. Evans, who was born in Long Point Township. in Section 34, April 29, 1839. She is a daughter of John and Deborah (Radcliff) Evans, natives of Virginia, who went to Dayton, Ohio. Mr. Evans was born April 5, 1796, and came to Illinois in 1834, settling on Section 4, Long Point Township. They were among the first settlers in the township, and gave the ground and made the original plat of the Long Point Cemetery, one of the most beautiful burial grounds in Livingston County. Emily Evans, a daughter of John and Deborah Evans, born October 21, 1819, and died August 26, 1838, was the first to be buried in this cemetery. John Evans was 2 soldier of the War of 1812, and died January 3, 1854, his wife dying on August 14th, of the same year. While not a member of any church, he Br a good Christian, and a great reader of the place for all the circuit riders of pioneer days. These circuit riders went from charge to charge on horseback, and would hold church in the varions log houses of the neighborhood. To this simple service people came for miles around, eager to participate in the too-seldom held religious services.

The family born to John and Deborah Evans, was as follows: Deborah, born February 10, 1822, married William Graham, a soldier of the Mexican War and both are now deceased and buried in Long Point Cemetery; Jackson, born August 5, 1828, was a soldier in the Civil War and died in Independence, Kan.; Benjamin, born February 15, 1830, served during the entire War and is buried in Cato, Kan.; William H., born October 1, 1836, also served in the Civil War, was in the great March to the Sea with Sherman, received his honorable discharge at the close of the war and died October 7, 1904, at Corona, Cal.; and Mrs. Hick, born April 29, 1839, who is the only one left of this pioneer family. She is a cousin of the Rey. J. G. Evans of the Methodist church.

On April 1, 1862, Mr. and Mrs. Hick bought 160 acres on Section 33, Reading Township, paying therefor eight dollars per acre. It was wild prairie land covered with heavy grass. Their first home was a clap board house, 14x16 feet, and the kitchen, diningroom and bedroom were all in one, but this house has been replaced by a commodious modern structure in which they made their home until the fall of 1908, when they retired to Long Point. To their original purchase o. 160 acres they added until they now own 248 acres in this county, and they have so improved the property, that it is one of the most valuable in Livingston County. Among other improvements have been the setting out of a large orchard and many ornamental trees and shrubs. They also own 160 acres in Pipestone County, Minn.