Warren County, Illinois - The whole text, 1886 (part 22 of 25)

(was built over this. A window 6x12 inches was cut in the lower story, which was. crossed by iron bars laid between the logs. A stairway led up from the outside into the upper floor, through a heavy oaken door. The prisoner was conducted through a trap-door into the room below by a portable stairway, which was drawn up after his descent. This jail, though strong in its capacity for holding prisoners, was not large enough to meet the demands of the rapidly increasing population of the county, and on March 22, 1839, the County Commissioners decided to build a new one. Specifications and plans were made out and submitted, and the contract was let to the lowest bidders, Messrs. Woodworth & Merrill, July 19, 1839, f°r $8,495- I' was built on lot 6, block 10, and was completed and accepted by the County Commissioners, March 27, 1841. The foundation was of stone, and the superstructure of brick. It was two stories high, containing four cells and two dungeons, and for those days was regarded as a good building for jail purposes. At the December term, 1856, of the Board of Supervisors, the jail question was again brought up. The building upon which so much money had been expended had not proved satisfactory as it was expected. A committee was appointed to investigate the matter, who reported the nsuflficien cy of the jail facilities, and the inferior structure of the building, but stated also that the county finances would not warrant the building of a new one. At a subsequent meeting of the Board of Supervisors another committee was appointed to investigate the jail matter, and vested with the power to sell the old jail. It was decided at this time to repair and enlarge the jail. This was done at an expense of something over $2,000. The great increase of population in the county, of latter years, brought with it also an increase in the criminal list. With the advancement of civilization and science, came also an advancement in the skill and devices of the burglar and jail breaker, and a new, larger and safer place for the confinement of criminals was demanded. At the June term of 1882, the Board of Supervisors appointed a committee, consisting of C. A. Dunn, J. T. Hartman and T. A. Dilley, to examine into the matter of construction of the new jail, and to devise plans for the same. They were also empowered to visit other counties, if necessrry, in order to post themselves in regard to the construction of places of confinement. The committee received specifications and plans from P. J. Pauly & Bro., of St. Louis, among others, which they upon examination found to be advisable, and reported that they be adopted. The committee was further authorized to investigate the matter, to receive bids and to report at the next meeting of the Board, December term.

P. J. Pauly & Bro.'s proposition was to put in the steel cell work for $12,500, or to build the jail complete for $25,000. The committee made the report at the December term, recommending tne adoption of the Pauly proposition, so far, at least, as the cell work. This report was accepted by the Board, and the committee were authorized to contract with Pauly & Bro., according to the plans, specifications and propositions submitted by them, providing the cost did not exceed $25,000.

The site selected for the jail was the north part of the Court House block. The committee finally closed the contract with William F. Hayden for the construction of the jail complete for $12,437, and with P. J. Pauly & Bio. for the cell work, at $12,500. The building was completed in the fall of 1883, and was accepted by the Board of Supervisors.

The foundation of the entire building is of stone; the walls of the superstructure of brick, trimmed with stone. In front is the Sheriffs residence, which is two stories high, with a hall extending through the center. There are four rooms below and four rooms above, and all are well finished. Opening from the residence part is a large vestibule, at one side of which there are four cells, two below and two above, for female prisoners or for the insane. From the vestibule you enter the jail proper. In this there are six cells, 7x11 feet, three on the first floor and three on the second, with bathrooms at the end. Around these cells is a corrider. In front of them is a hall for the prisoners to walk. The whole is constructed of iron and chilled steel, upon the Pauly patent system. Canvas hammocks are furnished for the prisoners, which are attached to the sides of the cells by strong iron hooks. The jail is light, airy and well ventilated. It is warm in winter, and cool in summer. The entire building is heated by steam, and was occupied Oct. 12, 1883.

In the spring of 1884, the old jail, the second one built in the county, was sold to Andrew Hickman for $125. The first jail built in the county was sold to C. L. Woodworth in June, 1840, for $62. 50.

[T the June term of the County Court, 1853, a petition was presented by A. C. Harding, signed by many of the citizens of the county, praying that the Court purchase lands and establish a farm for the poor of the county. This petition was favorably received and in relation thereto the Court made the following order: "And it is now ordered by the Court, that propositions be received until the first Monday in September next, for the sale to the county of Warren of one quarter section or more of land, either improved or unimproved, to be used as a County Poor-house Farm, and the Clerk is ordered to advertise for proposals for six successive weeks .in the Monmouth Atlas" Nothing was further done until Dec. 10, 1856, when the Board of Supervisors appointed from its members Messrs. Bond, Brownlee and Lewis, a committee, who were authorized to purchase a suitable piece of ground for the farm.

Another order was made at the June term. 1857, in the same direction, and Messrs. Norcross, Brown and Phelps were appointed a committee, with authority to purchase land for a poor-farm. At the September term, the committee on purchase reported that they had purchased 120 acres of land located on sections 29 and 30, township 10 north of range 2 west, for which they had agreed to pay $3,360. This report was accepted. In December the Board set aside $1,000 toward the building of a poor-house, and appointed Albert Mitchell superintendent of its construction.

In March, 1858, $r,ooo more were appropriated toward the completion of the building, and Mr. Mitchell appointed Overseer of the Poor-farm for one year. In June following an additional $r,ooo was appropriated by the Board for the building, which was completed by fall and ready for occupancy.

The land here is rich and productive and has been put under good cultivation. It is located about five miles south of Monmouth on 'the county road. The farm house is a long, low, story and a half frame building, about 45 feet long and 16 feet wide. The insane building stands in the rear of the main de- 1 partment about 20 feet. It is a small, story and a half frame building, containing six cells, four above ! and two below, with a small passage-way. Back of this building is a pen, enclosed by a high board fence, for the use of the insane during the daytime when desirable. In the main building, on the family side, there is a parlor, sitting-room, two bedrooms, a kitchen and pantry. On the inmate side, a sittingroom, kitchen and two bedrooms. The second floor contains eight bedrooms. The building is poor, old a/id shaky, and in the winter time especially it must of necessity be poorly ventilated. For a county having the wealth, culture and civilization that is claimed by this county, and which it really hasv we are constrained to say that the County Poor-farm building is not at all a creditable one. The inmates, however, are well and kindly treated and say they are well fed. They speak in praise of the family who have charge of them. There were 27 inmates last summer at the farm, 12 males and 15 females, several of whom were not rational. Most of them were quite old and feeble. One of the insane inmates has been here 20 years. The farm has a good large barn, which is the best part of the improvements. It is well fenced with hedges and rails and is well cultivated. They milk. four, cows and. are raising about 50 pigs,

LAVERY was undoubtedly the prime cause of the Rebellion and tr.ost of the dissension preceding it. Consequently, as a suitable preface to the Warre.i County war record, a very brief recital of the events and immediate causes leading to and culminating in the late Civil War, are necessary. The introduction of slavery into this country followed the first settlements. It grew with the Colonial development and became an important factor in its government. Almost from the first, its poisonous fangs were fastened on the political fabric, and clung there with the tenacity of death's grip, and it is not at all to be wondered at. Slavery had its peculiar fascinations ; it appealed to the indolence and cupidity of the people. Then as now, a large percentage of mankind preferred to live by other men's labors than by the sweat of their own brow. It is safe to say that in all ages and climes mankind does not materially differ. An axiom stated to-day without fear of contradiction, could with the same degree of assurance have been proclaimed when Solomon reigned in all his glory.

of this Government was when they had, by a long and terrible war, released themselves from the bondage of Great Britain, to establish a Government for themselves and their posterity, the very cornerstone of which they in turn violated by the enslavement of another race. While this was done, these patriots of the Revolution, these founders of the greatest Government the world has ever known, gave immortality to their convictions in the declaration "That all men were created equal, with certain inalienable rights, among which were life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness."

It was expected, however, by the founders of the Government, many of whom held slaves, that the institution of slavery would gradually fade away and finally cease to exist. The contrary to this, however, was the result. Encroachments after encroachments were made by the slave power, until it virtually had possession of the Government. For nearly half a century it was the dominant power in the politics of our country. Not satisfied with slavery in the cotton and sugar growing States of the South, its advocates wanted it to extend its territory.

Some of the greatest minds, the brightest statemen in the country - and as great and bright as were ever produced in any country - in endeavoring to placate this power, hoping thereby to prevent disruption, became the victims of its deadly power, and were brought to untimely political death, while this car of Jug-

The Missouri Compromise was made, then came the Kansas-Nebraska bill with its agitation and struggle over the right to introduce slavery into the Territories, and then the Fugitive-Slave Law.

In 1856 the Whig party broke up, and its members, with a portion of the Democrats, formed a new party, known throughout the world since as the Republican party. This was the initiatory movement which presaged the downfall of the slave power. A Presidential campaign was made this year by the new party, but it was defeated. In 1860 it made another campaign and won, with Abraham Lincoln at the head.

The South, believing that in the Union they had lost their political power forever, yet knowing (the political leaders at least) that the Government under any party could not interfere with slavery where it already existed, nevertheless set up this false issue and consummated the secession of the Southern States on the strength of it, proclaiming to their deluded followers that the Government, Abraham Lincoln at least, would take their slaves from them.

Before the inauguration of the new administration most of the Slave States had seceded ; the United "States Mint, the forts and the arsenals had been seized and the American flag had been torn down, and soon after the inauguration of President Lincoln, April 12, 1861, they opened fire on Fort Sumter and demanded of its commander, Maj. Anderson, its surrender. Had the incumbent of the White House been a man of firmness and patriotism, had he even been a shadow of that sterling patriot and President, Andrew Jackson, these outrages to the country would never have been committed, nor secession allowed, and the war that followed would have been averted. But President Buchanan was weak, imbecile, and in the hands of the Southern leaders. He held that he had no power to prevent secession and protect the forts and property of the Government - in other words, that the Government was powerless for its own preservation.

The firing on Fort Sumter sent a thrill of indignation through the entire North, and through every patriotic heart in the country. A new President was now at the head of the Government, and a man in whom the Nation had confidence. There was no law authorizing the President to raise an army, and Congress had as yet passed no bill investing him with the authority to call for troops ; but President Lincoln believed that a Government had within itself the power of self-preservation. Upon this belief, with his great, patriotic heart, he acted. A call was made for 75,000 volunteers to protect the Government. This call was made on the i6th of April, 1861. Gov. Yates responded, issuing a call on Illinois for her quota. It was met with great enthusiasm. Within two weeks Illinois had over double her quota enlisted and in camps. The people had confidence in " Honest Abe," as he was affectionately called, and also in their brilliant and noble Governor, Richard Yates; and so it was throughout the entire Northern states. Volunteers poured into the camps from every department of life; from the farm, the manufactories, the offices, the bar, the bench, the pulpit and the school room. Political differences were obliterated; angry words that had been given in that heated and memorable canvass but a few short months before, were forgiven; party distinctions vanished as mist before the morning suni and party platforms were swept as a morning dream from the minds of men. All were joined with one common bond of sympathy and united in one effort, the saving of the.American Union. yC

The writer was at Camp Yates by the first ot May, enrolled for the cause. The camp was then nearly full, and it was by strategy that his company got inside, and when in it was near being expelled. Volunteers continued to pour in from all parts of the State, but there was no longer any room in the camp, and arrangements were made outside for some. Word was sent out all over the State ordering volunteers to stay at home, but still they came. One full company of as fine looking men as ever carried arms, well dressed, uniformed and thoroughly equipped with arms, arrived. They were told there was no place for them, that the State did not want them, and that they could not be used or provided for. They were so well uniformed - the only volunteers then out of a camp of 10,000 that had any other dress than the one they wore at home - so noble looking, so patriotic and so importunate in their entreaties to be let in, that the gates were thrown open and they were admitted. They spent the day in camp mingling with the boys, the raw recruits, and

Just before night they were told that the Government did not need them, could not place them, and that they must go home. A cloud of sadness overspread their brave countenances as they turned and walked slowly away to where their arms were stacked. They were brought up in double line facing the outward gate, and the order to march' was given. It was a solemn and palhetic scene, and one not to be forgotten. The evening was calm and clear; the sun had just gone down beyond the western horizon, throwing back its mellow rays upon the crowded camp. A long open line was made for the company to pass out, which was densely packed each side, and far back to the rear. These patriots who had left the sacred home, and all the ties so dear, to give their life's blood for their 'country, marched slowly out with great tears coursing down their cheeks. All heads were uncovered as they passed by, and many were the tears that were dropped by those they left behind.

It was but a short time, however, before they were wanted; another call for volunteers was soon made. The members of this company undoubtedly all responded, and many of them probably breathed their last on the battle field. Such is war.

The third call, July, 1861, was for 500,000 men, and for a period of three years. After this, call succeeded call, until the grand total reached the enormous figures of 3.339,748. Of this number, Illinois furnished altogether about 290,000 men, of which Warren County is credited with 2,277. So generously did Illinois respond in sending out volunteers, without stopping to figure, that her quota was found to be largely in excess of any other State. When President Lincoln's attention was called to this fact, he replied : " The country needs the sacrifice; we must put the whip on the free horse." While all the States did well, Illinois more especially distinguished herself by the number and quality of her service.

Aside from furnishing the President, who was Commander-in-chief of the army, she gave to the country that foremost captain of the world, Ulysses S. Grant, whose recent death has left a mourning Nation. She also gave to the service that distinguished General, John A. Logan, who now represents her in the United States Senate. Tne soldiers brought home with them 300 battle~flags, the product of their numerous victories. The first flag that waved in triumph over Richmond after the surrender was an Illinois flag, which was there unfurled to the Southern breeze by Illinois soldiers.

During the dark days of the struggle, when reverses met our army, when apparently there seemed to be no ground to rest our hopes upon, when ominous clouds hung over the face of the Republic, when the hearts of the patriots grew sick with dispair, they would turn to that great President and to that great Captain and say, with a just cause, and with them at the head of the Government, backed by the brave and patriotic soldiers in the field, " we cannot but win, we cannot fail in our efforts to preserve the Nation. "

Illinois had, also, to keep her inspired with hope, the noble Yates, the great war Governor, who with a father's care looked after the wants of the soldiers from his State, and gave his whole attention to the cause.

This struggle brought out the true greatness of the American people and produced some of the greatest men of history. The great wisdom, practical and far-seeing statesmanship, the radiant virtues, the Christian-like character of Lincoln made him the wonder of the civilized world. No less known and distinguished was the modest, silent, patriot-soldier, Ulysses S. Grant, who, after the surrender of the greatest rebellion the world ever beheld, gave the most noble exhibition of Christian charity, by refusing to march with his army into the captured city, that the brave soldiers and people, who had so long resisted his forces and defied the power of his military genius, might not be humiliated ; that they might return to peaceful pursuits with spirits unbroken. No less immortal was that act, which breathed a sentiment very close to the Divine heart, " let the soldiers have their horses, they will need them for making their crops. "

Warren County w;is among the first to respond to the call for troops. No cpunty in the State did better or responded more nobly, either in furnishing soldiers or means to defray the expenses of the war. Such was the patriotism and enthusiasm with which they responded to the call of the Government, that when the last draft was ordered, there was hardly a man in the county subject to its provision.

The 83d Regiment of Infantry was made up mostly of volunteers from Warren County, and was organized from Monmouth, in August, 1862, A. C. Harding being elected Colonel. It was mustered into service Aug. 2ist, arrived at Cairo the 2gth and reported to Brigadier-General Tuttle, who commanded the post there. About the sth of September, the regiment arrived at Fort Henry, where it was divided up, a part remaining there and at Fort Heiman, the balance moving to Fort Donelson, where they had their headquarters during the year. The companies left at Forts Henry and Heiman subsequently re-joined the regiment at Fort Donelson, where it remained until Sept. 20, 1863, and then moved to Clarkson, Tenn. Here it had almost daily skirmishes with the enemy, some of them being almost engagements, and also had very heavy guard duty to perform. It was engaged in several expeditions, under the command of Maj. -General Rosseau, in pursuit of Gens. Forrest and Wheeler, who were trying to cut off Gen. Sherman's communications.

This regiment, with Co. C, Second Illinois Light Artillery, successfully resisted the attack of Forrest and Wheeler to re-capture Fort Donelson. The engagement lasted about seven hours, when Forrest and Wheeler were compelled to retire, with a loss of 800 killed and wounded, while there were only 13 killed and 51 wounded of the Union forces. For this gallar.t defense of the fort, Col. Harding was promoted to Brigadier-General, and Lieutenant-Colonel A. A. bmith to Colonel. (See biography of Gen. Harding, page 541-)

In 1864 this regiment was largely engaged in the defense of extensive communications and heavy patrol duty. In the ever-memorable winter of 1864- 5, it was on provost duty at Nashville, where it was mustered out, after the surrender of the rebels, June 26, 1865.

The 138111 regiment was organized in Quincy, 111., by Col. John W. Goodwin, and was mustered in for 100 days service, June 21, 1864. On July 26, it was assigned to duty at Fort Leavenworth, Kans., Col. Goodwin commanding. It was mustered out of service at Springfield, Oct. 14, 1864.

The volunteers from Warren County, in these as well as in the other regiments, served with distinction during the war on various battle-fields, where many of them gave up their lives to perpetuate the JJnion.

yfhe glorious triumph of the cause of the Union "was darkened by the tragic death of President Lincoln, who was stricken down by the bloody hand of the assassin, Booth, April 14, 1865. But in the midst of this great sorrow and that caused by the sacrifice made for liberty on a thousand battle-fields, with mourning hearts at every fireside, the Nation began the work of cementing together, closer than ever, the bonds of union. How well this work has been performed is evident by the close commercial relations between the two sections of the country, by the interchange of the social courtesies, by the reunions of the " boys in blue " with the " boys in gray," and by friendly discussions over the reminiscences of the " tented field."

Warren County, like all the other counties in the United States, mourns its friends and kindred, who rest in soldier's graves ; around its firesides there are many vacant seats. The absent ones, though years have rolled away, are not forgotten. The same condition of things exists in the^outh. Time has softened if, not obliterated, the bitterness engendered by the war; the two sections have mingled their sorrows together, and the great conflict is rerne,mbered only as a lesson for our future guidance.

of the most beneficial institutions of the county is the Warren County Library, located at Monmouth, and which deserves more than a brief mention. There were several attempts made, from time to time, by Church societies, and by citizens to establish a public library, but there was nothing done by them more than to secure a reading room until W. P. Pressly, one of Monmouth's benefactors took hold of the enterprise and made it a success. The following is a brief account of the origin of the library. The need for a public reading room, well supplied with books had been long felt, and in 1867, an effort was made to raise funds for this purpose through the meeting of a joint stock company, which was a failure. During the following year, the Evangelical Union, composed of representatives from the different churches of Monmouth, took hold of the matter. After consultation with the citizens of the town, it was determined to have an organization independent of the union, which was done by 25 persons becoming responsible for the means to sustain a reading room for two years. Judge Ivory Quinby took a prominent part in this matter. He drew up articles of association and bylaws, and furnished a room, rent free, for two years. During this period it was demonstrated that a public library would be an institution of great usefulness and one which would be extensively patronized. A reading room was supplied with papers and popular periodicals, and on the ist day of June, 1868,' it was opened as the Monmouth Rending Room and Library. As there were no funds for the purchase of any books, none were obtained. The reading"' room, however, was constantly visited by the young and the old, and the papers and periodicals were eagerly looked for and zealously read. During this J time a citizen of Monmouth was quietly but earnestly watching the result of this first step in a public library direction to determine its usefulness, and to see to what extent a larger institution would be appreciated and patronized, and the proportionate benefits that would accrue; a citizen who believed that money was placed in the hands of man for other and more noble purposes than to hoard and pile up in combination time-lock vaults, or increase his acreage. This citizen was Mr. VV. P. Pressly. In 1870 he erected a two-story brick building 42 x;s feet, and donated it to the association for a public library and reading room. The provisions of the donation were that the upper floor should be used for a library hall and reading room, and the store rooms on the first floor to be rented, the proceeds thereof to be used in purchasing books. He also expressed a wish that the Constitution and By-Laws should be changed so as to benefit the country as well as the city. After this action of Mr. Pressly, the association was incorporated as the " Warren County Library and Reading Room Association."

Subsequently the Board of Supervisors passed an order granting " all the rents, profits and issues hereafter accruing from the Seminary Block;" and reserving the privilege by provision in the constitution of the association to appoint one of the trustees. It was provided that the proceeds from this county grant should go to the purchase of books in the department of agriculture and practical arts. The system of extending the library was successful and highly beneficial. As it was started by its founder for the use and benefit of all classes of people, both in the town and country, so it has been patronized and sustained by all.

Since the foundation of the Library, generous donations have been made from some of the citizens, prominent among whom was the lamented and noble William Laferty. The founder has never ceased to remember his pel project, but has from time to time increased his benefactions. To meet the demands of the large additions and the increasing patronage, Mr. Pressly, in 1884, built an addition to the hall, 22x60, two stories high, constructed of brick and connecting with the former building on the west. This gives a capacity for 20,000 volumes without encioaching on the Reading Room. During this year (1X85) a generous citizen who desired his name not to be known, increased the endowment fund by a donation of $5 ,000. Mr. Pressly also added another source of revenue to the Association by the donation of a fine dwelling house in the rear of the building facing the opposite house, the rents of which are used for the benefit of the Association.

The endowment fund now amounts to over $13,000, which is loaned out at 8 per cent. The contents of the Library may be summed up as follows : Books loaned for house use, 11,988; used in room, per Librarian, 9,587 ; magazines loaned out, i ,985 ; reference books used from the open bookcases, 8,000. In addition there are n daily papers, 55 weeklies, 2 semi-weeklies, 76 monthlies and quarterlies.

The average daily attendance at the reading room is estimated at 162. The reading room is well furnished, large and well lighted. Great care has been taken since its foundation in the purchase of books, the result of which has been that this Association has an exceedingly well-selected library, the credit of which is largely due to Prof. Thomas H. Rogers.

Too much praise cannot be given to the founder ~ of this Library, who has given it may be truly said, I his all to this institution, and some missionary work. In order that he might increase his fund for benefi- J cent purposes, he has deprived himself not only of the luxuries, but the actual comforts of life. With the snows of three score and ten winters whitening his head, he is still toiling on, still saving and laboring, that he may have more to give, and more with which to bless.

AILROADS have now become necessary adjuncts to the development of a country, and no community of any proportions is content to exist withoui them. The State, through its Legislature, was very magnanimous in its support and donations to railroad enterprises, the result of which is that Illinois is more thoroughly connected with railroad lines than any other State in the Union. The people of Warren County have ever been exceptionally generous in their donations to railroad enterprises,as the followingfacts will show. In Warren County there are really now but two lines, the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy, and the Central Iowa.

HE first railroad meeting in this county was held in Monmouth, the 27th day of Februry, 1851. At this meeting J. W. Davidson, A. C. Harding, W. B. Stapp and James G. Madden were appointed a Committee to wait on the County Court asking for a call for a special election, to vote for or against the county of Warren subscribing $50,000, to be expended on the construction of the Peoria & Oquawka Railroad, with a lateral branch to Burlington. The matter was presented to the County Court, which re- , suited in the following order being made: The County Court now being sufficiently advised in re- I gard to the premises, it is ordered that an election^ be held on the izth day of April next, at the usual f places of voting for the voters of Warren County, to 1 vote for or against the subscription of said county of j $50,000 of the capital stock in the Peoria & Oquawka Railroad, the bonds to be issued for said stock to run 20 years from their date, at 7 per cent, interest, payable annually ; and the clerk is ordered to issue election notices in accordance with this order."

The election having been favorable to the stock subscription, to the Peoria & Oquawka Railroad, the County Court, at the September term, made an order authorizing Ivory Quinby to subscribe for Warren County $50,000 of the capital stock of said road, so soon as the company shall have had subscribed to its capital stock $450,000. Ivory Quinby, who was the Presiding Justice, upon examination found that the $450,000 had been subscribed, and thereupon, in accordance with his instructions, subscribed for the County of Warren, $50,000 of the capital stock of the company.

This was the beginning of railroad enterprises in this county, and the starting of the Peoria & Oquawka Railroad. The ideas of railroads was at this time somewhat limited. Col. Davidson drew up a charter for this road, and presented it to one of the leading members of the Legislature, to be placed before that body for its approval. This member asked him if he ever expected to build a railroad 80 miles long. The Colonel replied, "Give us the charter, and I will build the road." The charter was granted, and subsequently the road was built. The people of Oquawka refused to subscribe or aid the enterprise, but the people of Burlington came forward with the necessary aid,, and the route was changed to that place, and Oquawka was left out in the cold.

Railroads were not built in those days as rapidly as now. On March 5, 1855, the last rail was laid and the first passenger train came to Monmouth from the West. The side track at the depot had not been completed, so as to allow the passenger train to pass the construction train. The passengers were taken on board the latter and carried on to Galesburg. Next morning on its return from Galesburg it was saluted from an old brass field piece which had been takes from the walls of Vera Cruz during the Mexican War. This field piece was handled by Capt. Wyatt B. Stapp. After the salutes were given, the train moved on toward the great " father of waters." This was probably the most important event to the people of the county, since its organization.

The Northern Cross Ry. Co. had about this time completed their track to Galesburg. It secured the privilege of running its trains over the Peoria & Oquawka R. R. to Burlington.

About 1856, the Chicago & Aurora, the Northern Cross, the Peoria & Oquawka and the Central Military Tract Companies were all consolidated under the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad Company. This name was derived from the terminal points. J. W. Brooks was elected President of the new road. This road opened up one of the most magnificent sections of the United States, known as the Military Tract, the northern line of which passed through the middle of Henry County. Upon the building of this road settlers began to pour in, and within five or six years every quarter-section of land was taken, and to-day it is one of the highest cultivated sections in the country.

It was thought at first that this road would hardly pay. Before the completion of the road the triweekly stage line to Peoria carried all the traveling people and the coaches were seldom more than half full. Not long after the completion of the road, however, it crowded the company to do all the freight business brought to Monmouth for shipping.

N 1856, another railroad project was presented to the county for its support. This was the Alton & Rock Island Road. A proposition to subscribe to the capital stock of this enterprise, $100,000, was voted on and carried, and the Board of Supervisors at their December term subscribed that amount. Nothing, however, came of this project. The provisions were that the road should come through Monmouth.

Warren County was very liberal in aiding railroad projects. The next railroad scheme presented to them for aid, was the Rockford, Rock Island & St. Louis road. At a special meeting in August, 1869, the Board of Supervisors decided to submit the question of the county subscribing $200,000 to the capital stock of the Rock Island road. An election was ordered for September 23, 1869. On the question of subscription to the capital stock of this road, there were 1,775 votes cast for, and 975 against. Having received the support of the people, the stock was duly taken ; the condition was that it should pass through Monmouth. David Turnbull, one of the members of the Board from Hale, was appointed agent of the County to subscribe to the stock, for which bonds of the company were issued running 20 years and bearing eight percent, interest. Besides the $200,000 subscribed by the county, the several townships contributed their aid, their subscription amounting to $84,000.

The first passenger train of this road was run into Monmouth, the 22d day of August, 1870, making the connection through to St. Louis. A large gathering was at the depot to welcome it, and a salute fron the old Mexican field piece was given. There was no celebration or excitement ; it was received as one of the matter-of-course events of the day. This road was completed through to Rock Island Nov. IT,

1870. The remainder of its line it was never able to complete. This road was sold under a foreclosure of mortgage to the St. Louis, Rock Island & Chicago Railroad Company, which was incorporated April 21, 1876. It was soon afterward leased by the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad Company, who now operate it as its St. Louis Division. This road was sold for $1,600,000, and it is said that it cost $11,- 000,000. The bond holders, who live in Germany, were the losers of about six-sevenths of their investment.

Warren County of late years, is the above named railroad. The more important and creditable to the county in this, that the enterprise owes its conception and completion to the indomitable energy, nerve and will of two of Monmoulh's worthy citizens, Delos P. Phelps and William Hanna.

The construction of this road at the time, with all the other lines in full operation and backed by an almost inexhaustible capital, was no holiday task, and one that few men would have the courage and nerve to undertake.

In 1875, a company was organized at Monmouth, called the Burlington, Monmouth & Illinois River Railroad Company, the object of which was to construct a narrow gauge road, with a view of competing with the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad for the Warren County traffic.

Some few subscriptions were obtained, but not enough to warrant the breaking of ground. A small amount of grading was done in 1878. In 1879, Messrs. Hanna and Phelps were placed upon the Executive Committee, and immediately went to Peoria for the purpose of soliciting subscriptions, and to concentrate all their efforts to secure the grading of the road as far west as possible. They also assumed the responsibility of buying up the. old grade and franchises of the Peoria & Farmington Railroad Company, and changing the enterprise from a narrow to a standard gauge line. They let contracts upon the faith of subscriptions made, which in many instances were not honored, and they found themselves involved to the amount of about $40,000. At this critical period they offered to donate their personal subscriptions, and all they had done, to any person or company that would complete the road from Peoria to Farmington, or to be two of twelve persons to advance a sufficient sum for that purpose. Meeting with no acceptance to either of these propositions, they offered to buy out a majority of the stock at twenty-five cents on the dollar, which proposal was accepted.

After this they made an effort to interest other persons in. the work, and in a measure were successful. The road was finished from Peoria to Farmington in October, 1881, and operated until October, 1882, when building west was begun, and the track completed to Keithsburg, on the Mississippi River. About a million and a-half of dollars in hard cash were expended in securing the completion of this road. Friends and enemies had predicted financial ruin for Messrs. Hanna and Phelps, and a defeat of the enterprise.

The task they undertook was a Herculean one, and one to shake the nerve of the most resolute, but after many days and nights of sleepless anxiety, the work was accomplished, and will forever remain as an enduring monument of what perseverance, energy, sagacity, and an indomitable will can accomplish.

The Central Iowa, which owned a railroad from Albia to Manly Junction, in Iowa, having a road leading from Oskaloosa, Iowa, east to the Mississippi River, opposite to Keithsburg, a consolidation was effected with the Illinois line, or the Burlington, Monmouth & Illinois River Railroad, which had been prosecuted under the name of the Peoria & Farmington, after the franchises of the latter were secured, under the name of the Central Iowa Railway Company, which embraced the entire system. Since the consolidation a magnificent iron bridge has been built across the Mississippi at Keithsburg, a road built from Manly Junction to St. Paul, and through trains without break are now running from St. Paul to Peoria ; and this road which had so unpropitious a beginning, is now one of the great and important transportation lines of the country. William Hanna is President of the Company, and Delos P.

Phelps has the management of the Illinois Division To these men too much credit cannot be given for the consummation of this grand project. After passing through the struggles, and what appeared almost insurmountable barriers to accomplish their project, they now, in the hey-day of success, can have the luxury of that condition that comes from a successful achievement of a noble purpose.

.ROM its first organization to the present time; from Daniel McNeil, Jr., and Ivory Quinby down, the officials of Warren County, with hardly an exception, have been of unexceptional character; men of integrity, ability and usefulness. Very few counties can present a better list than the one appended below, some of whom have not only achieved State but National distinction, who have been identified with the organization of the State, the framing of its laws, and the perfecting of its political and legal system.

County Commissioners

John B. Talbot, Adam Ritchey and John Pence, 1830, under a special election. John Pence, John B. Talbot and Peter Butler, 1830-32, under a regular election ; Jeremiah Smith, John B. Talbot and James McCallon, 1832-34; Robert Gilmore, William Whitman and W. S. Jamison, 1834-36; Samuel G. Morse, Alexander Turnbull and John B. Talbot, 1836-38; Alexander Turnbull, Samuel G. Morse, James C. Hutchinson, 1838 ; Samuel G. Morse, John C. Bond and J. C. Hutchinson, 1838-39; James C. Hutchinson, John C. Bond and James P. Hogue, 1839-40; John C. Bond, James P. Hogue and Peter Butler,

1840-42; James P. Hogue, Peter Butler and James Tucker, 1842-43; Peter Butler, James Tucker and H. Bromlee, 1843-44 ; Alexander Turnbull, Thomas Griffee and James Tucker, 1844-45 ; Alexander Turnbull, Thomas Griffee and James Drain, 1845- 46 ; H. E. Haley, James Drain and John B. Jenkin, 1846-47 ; James Drain, John B. Jenkin and Josiah Whitman, 1847-48; John B. Jenkin, John W. Giddings and Josiah Whitman, 1848-49.

County Court

Ivory Quinby, Judge ; John Riggs and Joseph Hogan, Associates, 1849-53, under the Constitution of 1848. Ivory Quinby, Justice ; John Riggs and Wm. Lair, Associates, 1853-54.

Circuit Judges

[HERE are 134 school districts in Warren County, 8 graded schools and 134 ungraded schools. The total value of school property is $111,185, w'th 7 brick and 131 frame buildings. Of scholastic age, there are 10,669 pupils, the entire enrollment is 5,494, and the total tax levy $53,168.94.

Miss Maggie Wiley is the County Superintendent, who gives her whole time to the school interests of the county. All the schools have good teachers and they are well conducted, having the most approved text books and all the modern adjuncts to education. They have a County Teachers' Association, which holds annual sessions, of two days, during the latter part of November, at Monmouth.

The Annual Summer's Institute of two weeks, which is held under section 5, of the School Act, meets at Monmouth. At these sessions, exercises and drills are had and a complete review of the modes of teaching is gone through. A journal devoted to the educational interests of the county, called the School Chronicle, is published by this Institute.

f HE matter of perpetuating the memory 'of pioneer life, its incidents, with its joys and sorrows, its hopes and fears, had been discussed among the early settlers of this and Henderson County for some time. Finally a call was made through the press for the old settlers to meet at Young America, now Kirkwood, Saturday afternoon, Jan. 27, 1872, for the purpose of maturing some plan for an organization to meet the objects in view. At the appointed time a large number of the early settlers met at Young America and the meeting was called to order by Samuel Hutchinson, who stated the objects of the meeting. T. S. Lowther was nominated as Chairman and Judson Giaves was chosen Secretary. It was decided at this meeting to form an old settlers' organization, and to admit all persons as members who had settled in either of the counties of Henderson or Warren prior to the formation of Henderson County.

This meeting adjourned to meet again Feb 22. At this meeting the officers of the Association were decided upon and a committee appointed to draft a constitution and by-laws to be submitted at the next meeting. First officers elected : President, S. S. Phelps; Vice-Presidents, R. W. Ritchie, A. C. Harding and John Curts; Secretaries, Judson Graves and E. H. N. Patterson ; Treasurer, N. A. Chapin. The meeting adjourned to meet for their first annual reunion, which was fixed for the first Wednesday in June, and was to be held at Young America (now Kirkwood). At the day appointed there was a grand 1 gathering of old pioneers, and a very enjoyable time was had. They all came with their lunch-baskets J laden with those choice eatables that tend so much*" to enhance the pleasures of such gatherings.

Speeches were made, songs were sung, stories were told, and the incidents and reminiscenses connected with the early settlement, its privations and hardships, were freely discussed. Before the reunion broke up, a constitution and by-laws were adopted, and the time was changed for the meeting to the first Wednesday in September.

The association has held its reunion ever since, and its membership now embraces nearly all the old settlers. The constitution has been amended so as to admit all persons who have been in the county 30 years. They met the last season at Mineral Springs, near Kirkwood, which has become the favorite resort of the people of the county, and had a grand time. It is said that there were more people there than ever before at any of their reunions. Before adjournment the following officers were elected : Samuel Hutchinson, President (since deceased) ; Benjamin Tinkham, Vice-President ; N. A. Chapin, Secretary; Mrs. Wm. Hanna, Treasurer. Executive Committee - O. S. Barnum, D. Babcock, W. C. Tubbs. Wm. Boden and G. R. Graham. Corresponding Secretary, A. H. Swain. There are at present 221 members belonging to this organization.

(N agricultural society was organized Aug. 7, 1852, at a public meeting held at the Court-House, Monmouth. Following are names of the temporary officers : Samuel Hallan, President ; G. W. Palmer, Vice-President; J. G. Madden, Secretary; and F. B. Weakley, Treasurer. Their first annual election was held Sept. 4, 1852, with the following results: Samuel Hallan, President; Robert Gibson, Vice-President; J. G. Madden, Secretary; and Wm. Billings, Treasurer. Their first annual fair was held at the Court-House, Oct. 15, 1852. It was regarded as a great success. There were many entries made and over 1,000 persons in attendance. As there was not much money about in those days, the premiums only consisted in certificates. Since that period, the society has progressed, and it has now a very fair standing ; is out of debt and is in a prosperous condition. The grounds enclose about 30 acres, in which there is a good half-mile track, exhibition buildings, stalls, pens, etc., all valued at $6,500.

first premium in 1859, then ten years old. Generally, the annual receipts are about $5,000. For this year the premiums offered amounted to $4,000. A good deal of interest is manifested in this fair, and some as fine stock as there is in the State is annually exhibited here. Present officers: J. T. Reichard, President; Thos. W. Beers, Vice- President; Geo. Rankin, Secretary; and W. B. Young, Treasurer. Executive Committee - L. H. Gilmore, J. N. Mc- Kelvey, S. C. Hogue, Peyton Roberts, H. C. Giddings, J. R. Barnett, W. B. Porter, R. S. Patton, N. S. Woodward.

The fall meeting of this association was attended with success, although the attendance was limited for the first two days on account of the rains. The exhibition of stock was exceedingly good. A finer exhibition of high-bred Percherons and Clydesdales has rarely been seen so also with the Red Jersey pig. Some fine cows were also on exhibition. The races were fair and some very good time was made. It is a pity, however, in laying out the grounds that the society did not arrange for a mile track. In the exhibition hall there was an excellent display of art work, showing fine taste and skill. The soil products on exhibition demonstrated the fact that the soil of Warren County is unsurpassed in richness and that its farmers are skilled in the science of agriculture.

DWNSHIP history is an essential and prominent part of the county history. The various parts of Warren County were settled by men most of whom have representatives now living in the county, or are still living here themselves. A careful reading of the incidents relating to the early settlement of the several townships will repay the reader, as each one contains the names of the first settlers, and many other items which are required to make the history complete. The township histories are given in their alphabetical order, and the sketches of the villages are included in their respective townships. The city of Monmouth follows the townships.

ERWICK was among the earliest townships to be settled, and in this Solomon Kaisey was the pioneer, casting his fortunes here as early as the spring of 1829. He located on section 7. With him came his family, and his brother-in-law, Solomon Perkins, and family. Mr. Perkins located on section 4

These men, with their strong and true-hearted life partners, after securing their lands, settled down to construct for themselves and children, homes for the future. In the midst of plenty, surrounded with all the comforts of civilization, with all our wants supplied, we are too apt to forget the pioneer to whom we are indebted for all these comforts. Soon after the above named settlers, came Peter Scott, Mr. Smith and Jonathan Tipton, who located in the neighborhood. In 1832, Isaac, Daniel and Elisha, brothers of Solomon Perkins, the two latter with their families, moved in and located near the settlement. Isaac went to the Black Hawk war, and was killed. Robert and George Ray came in r 83 1-2, locating in the timber, on section 6. With these men came their families. They and their wives are dead. H. M. Lewis, W. H. Cable and E. W. Allen came into the township in 1835, and were followed soon after by many others. These early settlers formed a nucleus, around which gathered in a few years an extensive settlement.

Miss Jane Allen taught the first school in the township, in 1835, in a log school house built by Thomas Pearce, near where the village of Berwick now is. This school house had no doors or windows, or what these are understood to be in modern times. There were holes in the wall to admit light and air, and one also for egress and exit, and this was all. And here in this rudely constructed cabin the first children of Berwick Township, with the ruddy glow on their cheeks, with the bright sparkle in their eye, with innocence and hope in their young hearts, commenced their education, directed by their devoted teacher, Jane Allen. Here they commenced to learn lessons in books and lessons in life, and fit themselves for the duties which in after years were to be imposed upon them. What hopes and aspirations may have filled these young hearts just entering upon this world's stage ! What ties formed here, that may have been stronger in after years than chains of brass or steel ! What a contrast between this rude cabin and the finished school-house of today ! And yet with all our improvements and what we call our advanced civilization, with our Female Seminaries and Boarding Schools, and all our modern adjuncts to study, is there any one prepared to say that the pupil of to-day learns better than those did then ?

Miss Jane Allen was married to Judge Ivory Quinby, March 14, 1839. She died Feb. 7, 1847. The second school taught in the township was by Miss Sarah Cable, in 1837.

Berwick was organized as a township, April 4, 1854. The proceedings of this election either were !>* not recorded or have since been lost, and hence the first officers under the new organization cannot be given. It is numbered 7 north, of range i west, of the fourth principal meridian, and has for its northern line Floyd Township. On the east lies Knox County, on the south Greenbush, and the west Roseville Township. The streams, Nigger Creek, Cedar Creek and Cedar Fork meander southwesterly through the township, which afford good opportunity for drainage. Along and adjacent to those streams the land is somewhat broken and liberally timbered. The remaining portion of the township is rolling prairie. It is a good farming country; the farms are well cultivated and mostly owned by those who work them ; the dwelling houses are well built and comfortable.

The Iowa Central runs through the township, entering at the northwest corner and running along through the northern tier of sections. It was completed through here in January, 1883. In 1880, Berwick had a population of 1,003 souls, and this is about the number of inhabitants at the present time.

County Superintendent's annual report, ending June 3oth,'i885. There were eight school districts in the township, with a valuation of school property amounting to $3,500, and the buildings are constructed, one of brick, the rest of wood. Of persons under 21 years of age, there were 451, of whom 257 were of scholastic age, 272 being enrolled. The highest wages paid to teachers was $45, the lowest $30 per month. The tax levy for this year was $1,925.

Number of acres of improved land, 22,572; number of acres of unimproved land, 160; value of improved lands, $294,770; value of unimproved land, $1,330; total value of lots, $7,002; number of horses, 775; number of cattle, 1,484; asses and mules, 55 ; sheep, 429; hogs, 2,824; steam engines, i ; carriages and wagons, 225 ; watches and clocks, 159; sewing and knitting machines, 106 , pianos, 4 ; melodeons and organs, 27. Total value of personal^ property, $30,430.

Baptist Church. - This society was organized July 28, 1833, at John Smith's house. Sheldon Lockwood and wife, John Smith and wife and Elizabeth Hanon constituted the first membership. Revs. John Clark and John Logan presided at this organization. Rev. G. Bartlet was the first Pastor, taking charge Aug. i, 1833, and serving until December, 1834; then they were without a pastor for over a year, when Rev. R. M. Wilbur assumed charge, serving until September, 1844. He was followed by Rev. Isaac Matteson, who served the church until June, 1845, giving place then to Erastus Minor, who remained until June, 1847. R£V- Joel Sweet was the next pastor in charge, serving the Society until February, 1850. Rev. Joseph Elliott came in December, and remained until May, 185 r. Following Mr. Elliott was Rev. Wm. T. Ely, who served his flock until 1853, when Rev. G. D. Simmons took charge, remaining until October

1855, and remained until June, 1856, when he was succeeded by Rev. H. S. P. Warren, who took charge in March. Mr. Warren served until 1859, and was followed by Rev. C. E. Bailey, who remained until January, 1861. Rev. P. P. Shirley took charge in September, the same year, and was with the church until May, 1864, when Rev. R. L. Caldwell assumed the pastorate, remaining until July, 1866. He was succeeded in September by Rev. J. B. Congers, who served until October, 1868. Rev. Gary Telsberry became pastor March, 1869, remaining until February, 1870, and was followed in June by Rev. Homer E. Norton, who remained until November, 1874. He was succeeded by Rev. D. G. Zaak, who took charge in June, 1875, and served the congregation until death took him home, Sept 25, 1876. Rev. George Gray was the next to accept the call, Jan. i, 1877, and remained until Jan. i, 1881. Rev. J. F. Caldwell followed in August, remaining until 1884, when 'he was succeeded by the present pastor, J. F. Merriam. The congregation has a membership at present of 115; total membership since its organization 541. The first building was erected in 1840, and was located a little north of the present edifice. It is occupied now as a dwelling house by R. A. Beck.

-The present church building was erected in 1856, at a cost of $3,000, and was dedicated in 1857. A good parsonage is attached to the church, costing $1,400. A good Sabbath School is one of the interesting features of this organization, having a membership of 145. It is a large commodious building, and well furnished. The society is prosperous and the members active.

7'he Methodist Episcopal Church was organized in 1832, in the early part of the year. Rev. Mr. Cordier was the first preacher to hold service about this neighborhood, which was at Thomas Pearce's house. Rev. Barton Randall organized the first class, in the spring of 1833. This class was composed of Thomas Pearce and wife, Barton H. Cartwright and wife and Robert Ray and wife. This was the beginning of the Methodist Church at Berwick. They held their first meeting at Thomas Pearce's house and other private houses until 1837, when the organization was permanently located at Berwick Village. After it was located at this village the society was served by Revs. Thomas Hobart and Thomas Kirkpatrick. In 1852 they erected the first church building. This is now used for a store by Mr. Beck. In 1868 they erected a new edifice at a cost of $4,000. It is of Gothic architecture, and is an attractive building, or was when it was new. It is now sadly out of repair, and if not attended to soon, will be worthless. With the church is a good parsonage. Present membership is about 30. Rev. G. B. Snedaker has charge, holding service- every two weeks. Mr. Snedaker also serves the Cameron Church.

Berwick Cemetery

This cemetery was laid out in 1840, and was among the earliest located in the county. It contains four acres of ground, and is a very pretty resting place for the departed. The first person buried here was the son of Franklin Ogden, in 1840. It is under a trustee's government. In this cemetery are some very neat little tombstones, and the grounds are well cared for.

N r836 Thomas Pearce and Samuel G. Morse thought that the township was of sufficient importance, in population at least, to warrant them in founding a village. Accordingly they laid out their plat. It was located on the west half of the northwest quarter of section 5, and the east half of the northeast quarter of section 6, and contained fifty and five-eighths acres. It was first called Bowling Green, but was subsequently changed to Berwick. It was surveyed by Peter Butler, and the plat was recorded July 14, of the same year.

This little village is nicely located and has a fine agricultural country surrounding it. At one time there was quite a trade carried on here, and it is yet a good shipping point for stock and grain. The shipping is done by the Iowa Central Railroad, which has a station here. Its population numbers about 175 persons. The village is laid out with a plaza or square in the center, after the Southern or Mexican style of laying out towns.

Miss Sarah Cable taught the first school here, in 1837. They have at present a good school in the village, with an average attendance of 35 pupils.

Dement & Sheldon, who have general merchandise stores. Dr. F. K. Morse keeps a drug store, and is also a practicing physician. C. Oseran has a boot and shoe store, and Thomas Brown does the blacksmithing for the village. J. L. Stormet supplies the people with a market.

The people of this village have provided for the education of their children by erecting a good school building, and securing the services of a good teacher. They have an average attendance at the school of about 30 pupils.

LD BROOK TOWNSHIP, or the territory that is now embraced by it, was among the earliest that was settled in the county. As early as 1828, Peter Peckenpaugh, from Indiana, found his way up into this locality, and put down his stake for a

* families. The former located on section 31, and the latter on section 25. These pioneers were from Kentucky. They all had their families to brighten their pioneer firesides, and this gave them hope, courage and strength to put the axe into the timber, the plow-share into the virgin soil, and carve out homes for themselves and families.

If there is any one position in life more lonely than another, it is that of a man starting out in a new country all alone to make his fortune, without wife or children to assist him in building up a home; it would seem that his condition must be something akin to "Coleridge's Ancient Mariner" -

Peter Peckenpaugh died but a few years ago. His wife died in 1850. Mr. McFarland has only been dead a few years. Peter Butler, who figured quite extensively in the early history of the county, moved to Oregon, in 1853, where, after an active life, he died. He was one of the first County Commissioners. William Whitman and family, and Josiah Whitman, his brother, were the next to settle in the township, which was in the spring of 1829. They came from Kentucky and made claims upon section 32. William was a preacher of the Christian Church, and in those early days, charmed his hearers with his eloquence. He died at his home in 1838. Josiah Whitman was married to Hannah Davidson. He died near Monmouth in 1865. His widow is still living in this city. William Whitman's widow married Rev. Richard Johnson, who was also a minister of the Christian Church. They are both dead. Richard H. Ragland and family, of Kentucky, moved into the township at an early day, locating in the timber near Cedar Fork. This pioneer did not live long in his Western home,but passed on to the eternal one, dying in 1839. His widow survived him, nearly half a century, dying in 1885, at the old homestead. Their children are residing in the townsnip. In 1830, Aaron Hardin, from Schuyler Co., 111., came in and located on section 33. He left the county at an early day. John G. Haley, with his wife, Elizabeth, came in this year, and located their home on section 29. He was a very active and influential man, and an Elder in the Christian Church. He was quite prominent in the early days in county matters, and was at one time Sheriff of the county. He moved to Missouri in the fall of 1870, and died there some years later. His first wife, Elizabeth, died in 1847, at the old homestead. They had a family of seven children, three boys and four girls - Mary Jane, Henry, Edward. Eliza, Cynthia Ann and Thomas. Of these children three are living - Jane and Eliza in Warren County, and Thomas in California.

Mr. Haley married for his second wife, Mrs. Martha Whitman, "Aunt Patsey," who came from Kentucky, in 1831, locating on section 7. Her seven children were William C., S. Squire, Sally, C., John C.,Lucy A., Huldy A. and Christina J. They are all living except Huldy A and William C., and all in the county except S. Squire. Aunt Patsey is living with her daughter, Mrs. Hascall, on section 7, in Floyd Township, in her 891)1 year. She is still strong and hearty, and bids far to live many more years.

Of those who came after the pioneers above mentioned up to 1837, there were Phillip Homey, H. S. Hascall, Max Haley, P. R. Haley, Alva Gordon

Warren Coumty

David R. Shelton, Sr., with a family of 13 children, Edward Grounds, William Harper, Sr., Seth C. Murphy, Jacob Rust, David Morrow,William Fraymeyer, and Mrs. Claycomb and children, Henry and William Bruner, Thomas Wallace, Sr., William and Joseph Murphy, William Wallace, Alexander Moore, Nelson E. Hills, Thomas Griffee, Jesse Cleveland, Henry Landers, William and John Davidson, John Underwood, John P. Cone, b. S. Wallace and John E. Murphy. Thus a goodstart was made toward settling the township. They were an industrious, intelligent class of pioneers, and went to work with energy and perseverance to build up homes, develop the township and improve the country.

Seth C. Murphy taught the first school in the township, in a small log house on section 30, or in the "Neck." This was in 1832. Mr, Murphy died in the fall of 1836. Rev. William Whitman was the first preacher to entertain these pioneers with gospel eloquence, which was in the old town of Cold Brook, in 1831, the services being held in Peter Peckenpaugh's house. Alma Arasmith and Elizabeth Peckenpaugh led off in this township in the first ' matrimonial venture. This very interesting event, which created quite a sensation in this neighborhood, was duly solemnized on Christmas day, 1831, by Rev. William Whitman. Jacob Rust was the first man to embark in the mercantile business, which he did by opening a store in a log cabin in the town of Cold Brook. Jacob did not have an elaborate assortment of goods, nor was there much capital invested, but his little cabin store, as humble as it appeared, was a pleasing sight to those pioneers. A postoffice was opened at Cold Brook, in 1832, and Alva Gordon was the favorite son who held Uncle Sam's commission.

Thomas Wallace started the first saw mill in the township, about a mile north of Cold Brook, on Cedar Creek. This was one of the first mills in the county, and was started in the summer of 1832. Subsequently he put in a stone for grinding corn. Cold Brook received its name from some cold springs which were located near there. It was platted by John G. Haley.

In 1832, Mr. Haggett and John Bundy started a blacksmith shop here, which was the first in the township. At one time, Cold Brook was quite a town, and. a thriving trade carried on. The Brink & Walker stage line passed through the town. It was twelve miles from here to Knoxville and eight miles to Monmouth. Mr. Gordon served as Postmaster until 1840, when H. E. Haley was appointed. A. D. Hawkins succeeded him and was the last Postmaster in the town. Upon the completion of the railroad, Mr. Hawkins moved the office with his store to Cameron, where it was established in 1855. The starting of the town of Cameron broke the town of Cold Brook up, and the owners of the land there have had the good sense to convert the site into fields. If many of the other would-be towns in the county would follow the example of the town of Cold Brook, there would be many acres of good land put to a proper and beneficial use.

A sad accident occurred near this town in the early days (1838). Mat Dean and John Hardin were fishing in the mill pond. They were sitting on a log, one end of which lay on the bank and the other ran out into the pond. Dean suddenly had a fit and fell off the log into the water. Hardin seeing him go down, plunged in after him, and they - were both drowned. Singularly enough, their bodies were found some distance apart. Hardin's body was found a few hours after the accident, but that of Dean was not recovered until the next day, and not until after the pond had been dragged. It was found clinging witli knees and arms to the under side of the log upon which they had been sitting.

This township was organized April 4, 1854. The minutes of this meeting are imperfect, but we find that Philip Horney was chosen Moderator, and Joseph Stewart, Clerk. After the votes were polled, it was found that Benjamin F. Morey was elected Supervisor; J. S. Parker, Clerk; James McFarland, Assessor and Collector; Andrew Claycomb and B. F. Morey, Justices of the Peace; W. H. H. Claycomb, T. F. Taylor and B. S. Parker were elected Commissioners of Highways. It is .township 11 north of range i west, and is bounded on the north by Kelly, on the east by Knox County, on the south by Floyd and on the West by Monmouth Township.

The only village in the township is Cameron, situated on the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad, where some of the people do their trading.

their branches. Much of the township contains broad, rolling prairie, and some parts are rather broken. The land lying along and bordering the streams is very well timbered. Most of the farms are well cultivated and provided with good buildings. The farmers with but few exceptions are out of debt and prosperous. More attention is being given by the farmers to the raising of stock than was formerly done, and the production in this line is increasing every year.

The County Superintendent's reports for the year ending June 30, 1885, contains the following school items : There are eight school districts, one graded and seven ungraded schools, with a valuation of school property amounting to $6,400. All of the school-buildings are frame. Of persons under 21 years of age, there were 425, of whom 272 were of school age, and 252 were enrolled. The highest wages paid to teachers is $45 and the lowest $25 per month. The tax levy for this year was $2,170.

From the Assessor's report for the year 1885, the following information is obtained : Number of acres improved land, 22,439 ; value of improved land, $314,- 025; total value of lots, $3,375; number of horses, "922; cattle, 1,688; asses and mules, 37; sheep, 157; hogs, 3,249; steam engines, i; carriages and wagons, 308; watches and clocks, 197 ; sewing and knitting machines, 99 ; pianos, 7 ; melodeons and organs, 35. Total value of personal property, $708.02.

AMERON is located on the line of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad and principally in Floyd Township. After the route of this road was determined, Robert Cameron concluded that this would be a good locality to lay out a town. It was first platted Feb. 22, 1854, and was called Cameronville, and was located south of the track. There were a few people at least here who must have had great expectations regarding this town. Why they did so remains a mystery. We find it was platted again at two different times, once by Ivory Quinby and John H. Warren. This plat was filed Dec. 21, 1854, and was located on sections 32 and 33 in township ii north of range i west, containing 79 acres. It was surveyed by J. W. Adcock. Cameronville south of the railroad track was platted by Robert and Sarah Cameron, March 6, 1854, and was located on sections 5 and 6, township 10 north of range i west, and was also surveyed by J. W. Adcock. Waste's Addition to Cameron was platted July 13, 1855, and was located on section 4, township 10 north of range i west, and was surveyed by S. M. Moore.

Robert Cameron made another addition to Cameronviile, Aug. 2, 1856. Waste's addition lay east of the first plat and also extended across the railroad track into Cold Brook Township, and was called Cameron. This place, or noted village, is known in the sad years gone by, by travelers as a sort of a cross between a watering place and a harbor of refuge. It is not remembered, that anybody ever had the courage or audacity to accuse a traveler of voluntarily stopping, but he has been quietly or unceremoniously " dropped," by the conductors, to foot it back to Galesburg, and there wait for the next train to carry him on to his destination, giving him in the meantime ample opportunity to stretch his limbs, for which he left his car, and was left by it. The railroad officials corrected their management at Galesburg some years ago, and hence Cameron has gone down, not having any more unfortunate travelers to supply with cigars, cookies, crackers and cheese.

The first man to open a store here was A. B. Hawkins, who moved over from the old town of Cold Brook. The postoffice was established here after the railroad was completed, in February, 1855, and Mr. Hawkins was appointed postmaster. After this, the name of Cameron was united upon, and it has been known as such since that time. Edward Hunt followed Hawkins as postmaster, and served during President Buchanan's administration. Harrison Waste came in during the Republican administration of President Lincoln. He was followed by H. C. Higgin, H. H. Kelly, and E. Hart, who is the present postmaster. After the advent of the railroad, some houses from Galesburg opened business here. At one time it was quite a shipping point for grain, and it still receives most of the products from the western portions of Cold Brook and Floyd Townships, and some from the eastern parts of Lenox and Monmouth. The population, as estimated by S. T. Shelton last spring, is 306.

There is a general store carried on here by E. Hart, and one by L. T. Kelly. Robert Atkinson keeps harness and saddlery ; Temple & Son carry on the drug business ; E. W. Rowe has also a general store.

The Christian Church is the same society that was organized at Peter Peckempaugh's on section 30, April 30, 1831, and is one of the first church organizations in the county. The first members were among the first settlers of the county. As they were somewhat historical, their names are given below: William Whitman, Sarah Whitman, Julia A. Whitman, Henry C. Haley, Elizabeth Haley, John C. and Francis Murphy, John G. Haley, Richard H. Ragland, Nancy Ragland, Wm. M. and Elizabeth Davidson, Josiah Whitman, Elijah Davidson, Sr., Margaret Davidson, Sr.,and Margaret Davidson, Jr., Elijah Davidson, Jr. Six of the above members are still living: Julia A. Whitman, now Mrs. Davidson; Elizabeth Haley, now Mrs. Jones ; Francis Murphy, now living in Oregon; Margaret Davidson, Jr., also in Oregon; Elijah Davidson, Jr., in Oregon; and Elizabeth Davidson, now Mrs. Lucas, and living at Abingdon. This church was constituted upon the belief that the scriptures of the Old and New Testaments are the word of God, and the only rule of faith and practice, and sufficient for the government of 'the Church. They erected their first church building at Savanna, afterward called Cold Brook, which was completed in 1839. Rev. Wm. Whitman was their first pastor. Before their church building was constructed, meetings were held in school houses and in private families. This society at one time numbered over 200 members. In 1851 many of its members went to Oregon, enough to form quite a congregation there. The place where they settled was called Monmouth, after the town in Warren County. In 1860, Cameron having become a thriving railroad town, and the business of

Cold Brook having been transferred to that place, it was decided to move the church also. Accordingly an edifice was put up at Cameron, at a cost of $2,300. In an early day the people attended this church from far and near ; from Abingdon, Monmouth, Ellison, Gerlaw, etc. Among the preachers that have served this church are : Revs. Wm. Whitman, Alexander Reynolds, James R. Ross, Livy Hatchett, John Rigdon, (cousin of Sidney Rigdon of Mormon fame), William Davenport, A. J. Kane, Isaac Murphy, John G. Haley, Josiah Whitman, Alex Johnson, L. S. Wallace, . J. S. Edwards, John E. Murphy, and T. H. Goodnight, now in Kansas. Some pf these early preachers are still living. When the church had no regular pastors, Elder S. T. Shelton, one of Cold Brook's most prominent and favored citizens, would preach to the congregation. Recently they have secured the services of Rev. Charles Laycock, a talented young preacher. They have now about 125 members with a large and interesting Sabbath-school. This society is prosperous and is doing good work in the Christian field of labor.

The Methodist Episcopal Church was organized in J 1856 ; M. B. .Morey and wife, J. B. Porterfield and wife, Benjamin Tinkham and wife, and William P.J Crosby and wife, constituted the first members. Their building was erected in 1857, at a cost of $1,300. This building was burned in Sept. 1877. A new edifice was erected in 1883, and was dedicated July ist, the same year. The dedicatory sermon was preached by Revs. George W. Palmer, pastor, and Thomas H. Pryon. It is a neat frame structure, costing about $3,000, with a seating capacity of probably 250 persons. They have a good parsonage, which cost $1,000. Rev. J. B. Snedaker is the present pastor who presides over about 60 members. In connection with the society is an interesting Sabbath-school with about 45 members.

The First Baptist Church. A number of the members of this church assembled June 30, 1866, for the purpose of perfecting an organization. Rev. J. N. Talman of Monmouth preached the sermon, when Rev. H. H. Parks was called to the chair. J. N. Talman was chosen clerk pro tern. Letters were presented by D. F. Smith, C. C. Manford and F. G. Manford. Several others gave their names and de- clared themselves in favor of uniting as soon as they could receive letters from their former churches. After this, articles of faith were adopted. Rev. John Ballon was the first pastor. The church was completed and dedicated in August, 1869. Rev. Balton terminated his labors with the church, March 4, 1871. He was followed by J. K. Pennington, who remained until 1878, when he was succeeded by Rev. C. G. Kent, who served until 1880. Rev. T. W. Jones then took charge and remained for a while, when he was succeeded by Rev. Mr. Depperman. At present the society is without a pastor, but occasionally they have services at the church.

Cameron has a fair graded school. It is a union district from Floyd and Cold Brook. Before the consolidation in 187 1, they had separate schools and school buildings. After the districts were united, a good two-story building was erected for school purposes. Miss Libbie Regnieris the present principal, and Miss Kate Boggles, assistant, with an average attendance of 75 pupils.

LLISON was organized as a township, April 4, 1854. Agreeable to the notice previously given, the legal voters of this township met on this day and proceeded to elect their officers and perfect their organization. E. Mitchell was chosen Moderator, and A. S. Smith, Clerk. The result of this meeting was the election of E. Mitchell, for Supervisor, Wm. Coleman, Clerk; J. P. Rutherford, Assessor; N. B. Cramer, Collector; H. F. Sexton and S. D. Perkins, Justices of the Peace; H. S. Sexton, Overseer of the Poor; D. Leacock and N. Eldridge, Commissioners of Highways ; W. H. Gilmore, George VV. Scott, Constables. Thus equipped for self-government the people of this township, received new life and went on in their development and prosperity.

This territory is in township 9 north of range 3 west, and is bounded on the north by Tompkins, on the east by Roseville, on the south by Point Pleasant Township, and on the west by Henderson County.

Field Jarvis was the first settler in this township, locating in 1829 at the head of Ellison Creek. It was some years before he had any neighbors.

Isaac A. Watson and Wm. P. Thompson settled in this township in 1835. Kenner Brent, his wife, Elizabeth, and a large family of children,among whom were Kenner, Jr., David C., Wm P. and Paul, came in March, 1836, locating on section 18. They were from Lancaster Co. Va. Mr. Brent and his wife, Elizabeth, are both dead. Some of their children are still living in the township. Mr. Brent was in the war of 1812, where he distinguished himself for his bravery in several active engagements, Seneca Salsbury and family from Ohio, located in 1836, on section 4. Among those that soon followed these pioneers and settled in the township before 1840, are Mr. Meacham and family, C. Higler and family, Mathew Cox and family, Samuel Baldwin and Jesse Coleman with their families ; also, Mr. Staley ; John and Edward Ray, with their families ; Benton Godfrey, Paul, William and John Birdsell, Daniel Leacock, James Gregory, William Talbot, Decatur Loftus, and family from Tennessee ; William Brown and family from Virginia. Mr. Jarvis was a large, powerful man, and a noted bee-hunter. The early settlers depended upon Field almost entirely to furnish them with honey. Horace Sexton and wife, Hannah, came in and settled in the northwestern part of the township, in the spring of 1840. When they settled, there was but one house between them and Monmouth. They came from Ashtabula Co., Ohio. Horace Sexton died at the old homestead, in Oct., 1877 ; his widow is still living. Seneca Salsbury and wife are both dead, the former but recently. It is said that at the time he erected his dwelling house, it was the finest house in the county. Mr. Salsbury was the first Postmaster in the township.

The first villnge that started was Lancaster, on section 22. It contained a tavern, two stores, a black smith shop, and Post Office. As a village it is now deserted, and is only known in the memory of the early settlers.

" But now the sounds of population fail, No cheerful murmurs fluctuate the gale; No busy steps the grass-grown foot-way tread, But Blithe blooming Hush of life is fled/'

Warr&N County

The first couple to enter into the sacred ties of matrimony were Decatur Loftus and Mary Barrett. Their honey-moon and after life were spent on section 25. The first birth and death are not remembered. This township has not been exempt from the wrathful winds of earth, though it has been shown that it deserved no such affliction. On the 3oth day of May, 1858, towards sunset, the blue sky became overcast with dark, ominous clouds. Soon the roar of the wind was heard in the timber west of Ellison Village. The dreadful sound increased and in a few seconds a tornado with lightning-like speed and destructiveness overshadowed the town. But a few moments and only a few, buildings were left standing, and nearly all of the inhabitants were more or less injured, and many of them killed.

The gale came from Iowa and did no damage until after it passed the Bluffs. Its path was about 40 rods wide and about 6 miles long in its destructive course. It made one of its fearful revolutions in front of Mr. Kelly's house, and after demolishing the town, raised up from the ground a few miles northwest and passed away. There were several stores in the village, blacksmith shops, taverns, etc., all of which were demolished. Fifteen persons were killed and fatally wounded and many were disabled for life. Of those killed and who died from the effects of their wounds, were the Misses McWilliams, Mrs. Thompson and child, Mrs. Brazelton, Martin Wentworth, Miss Lacy, Mrs. Boyd, Mrs. McCartney and child, Mr. Johnson and child, Mr. Hurd, and Mr. Thompson, who lived out on the prairie. On the approach of the tornado, Mr. Thompson, with his family, had gone into a cave, dug on purpose for protection against such a catastrophe. Curiosity got the best of his judgment, and against the admonitions of his sensible wife, he put out his head to see how a tornado looked in its best humor, when the end of a rail that was flying about in the air struck him in the "head, knocking it off, and sending his headless body back into the cave, where it fell at the feet of his wife and children. This tornado was terrible in its power and must have been very heavily charged with electricity. It tore the ground up for rods, and took wagons and literally tore them to pieces. From one heavy wagon wheel it took off the tire and neatly cut a piece from it two feet in length. Over a score of the dead, wounded and dying were brought into J. M. Kelly's residence and laid about on the floor. The scene was most heartrending and beyond all description. Their groans and sufferings were sickening to behold. There were only two men in the town unhurt ; these were J. M. Kelly and W. L. Edwards, who are still living.

Ellison, before this dreadful visitation, was a thriving, attractive, pleasant_little village. It broke up and disheartened its business men and virtually ruined the town as a trading point.

This town is the home of Mrs. Nancy Wilcox, grandmother of the celebrated opera singer, Emma Abbott. A very good story is related about the grandmother. In the fall of 1854 Mrs. Wilcox attended the Methodist Love Feast, in the Methodist Church at Ellison village, which was presided over by the Rev. Richard Haney. During the meeting, or Love Feast, Mrs. Wilcox arose to give her religious experiences. Among other facts related by this lady, was one of the difficulties which beset her before she joined the Church. When she had made up , her mind to number herself with God's people, she addressed her husband, saying: " Isaac, my beloved husband, I have decided to give my heart to God, and to join the Methodist Church." Her husband very energetically replied: " Nancy, I'll be damned if you do!" Mrs. Wilcox, with equal emphasis, replied : " Isaac, I'll be damned if I don't! " Since that day Isaac died the death of the righteous and Mrs. Wilcox is still living, in her good old age, the life of a Christian.

Ellison Township is very liberally watered, by Nigger Creek, with its tributaries, and Ellison Creek. In the southwestern part the land is broken and pretty well timbered ; the balance is mostly rolling prairie, with a rich and productive soil. There are many fine and well cultivated farms in the township, and the farmers are mostly all in independent circumstances. No railroad lines pass through its territory and the people do their trading mostly at Roseville and some at Ellison. Population, in 1880, was 1,041, and it has not gained any since that time.

The County Superintendent, in her report ending June 30, 1885, gives the following information relating to the public schools of the township : There were seven schools districts, with a valuation of school property of $6,525. In these districts all the buildings were frame. Of persons under 21 years of age, there were 401, of whom 293 were of scholastic age, 270 being enrolled. The highest wages paid teachers was $50 per month, the lowest $25 per month. The tax levy for this township was $2,450.

From the Assessor's reports for the year 1885, the following information has been obtained : Number of acres of improved lands, 22,740; value of improved lands, $325,585 ; number of horses, 787 ; cattle, 1,647; mules and asses, 40; sheep, 18; hogs, 3,055 ; steam engines, I ; carnages and wagons, 290, watches and clocks, 141 ; sewing and knitting machines, 97 ; pianos, 5 ; melodeons and organs, 34 ; total cash value of personal property, $56,610.

'MONO the early towns of the county platted was that of Ellison. It was laid out under the proprietorship of Joseph Dehague, and the plaf was recorded May 10, 1836. It embraced the southwest quarter of the northwest quarter of section 6. William Butler was the surveyor who laid it out. This village grew with the settlement of the township and there was at one time quite a trade carried on here, in fact, until its destruction by the tornado of 1858. After this calamity most of the trade was transferred to Roseville. There is a post office here, which is presided over by James Watson. Mr. Watson is also proprietor of a general store. J. E. Painter carries on a grocery, and harness and saddlery business. The blacksmithing is attended to by W. L. Edwards. There are also two wagon and repair shops, carried on by J. M. Kelly and G. Davidson. The most important industry of this village is the tile factory, which was started in 1882. The clay used is a very superior quality and taken from a bank about a mile from the town. Mr. Edwards employs on an average five men and has one kiln. Dr. E. Wilkinson attends to the sick in the village.

LOYD came into the township organization with the other townships. The records of the proceedings of the first meeting were burned, and only a part can be given. The election was held April 4, 1854, at the old town of Cold Brook, when the following officers were chosen : William Laferty, Supervisor; H. S. Hascal, Clerk; G. B. Cross, Assessor; Thomas B. Cross and Charles Phelps, Justices of the Peace ; James L. Grant and Bradley Hecox, Commissioners of Highways. It is numbered ro north, of range i east, and is bounded on the north by Cold Brook, on the east by Knox County, on the south by Berwick and on the west by Lenox Townships. This territory was not overlooked by the early settlers of J Warren County. John Armstrong has the credit of being the first to locate in the township, which was in 1829. He came with his family and located on the south side of the township, on section 23, put up a cabin, the first in the township, and commenced to improve his land and construct for himself and family a home. He was born in Illinois, May ir, 1812, and died in 1882, leaving his kindred and a large circle of friends to mourn his loss. The next to move in was Benjamin F. Allen, with wife and nine children, from Oneida Co., N. Y. The names of the children are Truman D., Eliza, Frederick, Jane, Edwin, Henry and Emery (twins), Albert and Ambrose. These children are all dead but Ambrose and Truman D. Mr. Allen located on section 29. He died July 10, 1872, at the old homestead, and his widow three years later.

Louis and Isaac Vertrees, from Kentucky, with their families, came here in 1830, locating their homes on section 3, where they made many improvements. Isaac, after some years, moved back to his native State. Louis was attached to his home, lived there throughout his long life, and died April 13, 1883, [respected and loved by all who knew him. Elijah Davidson was another early settler, moving in in 1830. He was also from Kentucky. After living here over 20 years, he, with a part of his family, joined the colony that emigrated to Oregon in 1851. Carter T. and Hosea, sons of Elijah Davdson, settled here with him. Carter died in Oregon a few years ago. Hosea moved to Missouri, where he died. Alexander Davidson, son of Elijah, came in about this time. All the Davidsons settled on the school section 16. After these families came John Dodge, his son, John Milton, Felix and David Robinson, George and Henry Cable, Wilson Sheldon, M. D. Matteson, Cornelius Tunnicliff, Thos. D. Allen, and others. After the Black Hawk War the township settled up quite rapidly. Among those coming in after the war was Henry Cable, his wife and six children - Sarah, Mary, Ezra, George C., Chauncy M. and William H. They came in 1835, and settled about a mile and a half east of the town of Berwick, near the township line. Mr. Cable came from Oneida Co., N. Y. Here he lived for over 40 years, improving his farm, accumulating property and rearing his children, most of whom settled about hin. During this long period he took an active part in all the public affairs of the township. In 1866 he moved to Monmouth, where he died, March 8, 1877, at the age of 80 years. His wife, Olive, died in February, 1875, in her 84th year. Mary died in 1851 ; Sarah, who married Mr. Laferty (see biography) is still living in Monmouth. The sons are all living on farms in Floyd Township, except'Chauncy M., who is living in Monmouth. During the Black Hawk War, many of the settlers, fearing attacks from the Indians, went into Knox County, where they remained until the war terminated. The first birth, death and marriage is not definitely remembered, nor the first school taught.

The children living in the territory now embraced by this township, attended school at the old town of Cold Brook ; so also did the people go there for their religious services, which were held under the auspices of the Christian Church. Some of the preachers of this Church would hold services occasionally at private houses in this township. In 1839, a Christian Church was established at Meridian, near the line between Floyd and Berwick Townships, the members joining this organization withdrawing from the Cold Brook Church. Another congregation was formed from the Cold Brook Church, in 1845,3! what was called Short's Corners, section 16. It was one of short duration, and was disbanded in 1847.