St. Joseph County, Indiana - The City of South Bend, 1907 (part 9 of 11)

Mr. Bugbee was born in Hyde Park, Vermont, January 3. 1815, a stirring period in our national history, and w^as left Mnthout father or mother when ten years of age. The educational training which he received was obtained in the district schools, and at the age of sixteen, in Strafford, Vermont, he learned the tanner, currier and shoemaker's trades, and at the same time, although but a mere boy, acted as assistant postmaster. On reaching his twenty-first year he started west, his objective point being Milwaukee, Wisconsin, but on his way thither he heard much concerning the prospects to be found in South Bend and he determined to direct his steps to this city and see for himself. Reaching his destination on the 9th of March, 1837, he was at once pleased with the village and its people, so he cast in his lot with its early settlers, and from that time until his busy and useful life was ended in death he was ever a stalwart supporter of its institutions. His first employment here was as a shoemaker, and in December, 1837, he started a shoe store of his own. In 1842, however. Mr. Bngbee purchased a tannery of G. D. Edge, which he enlarged, equipped with water power, and at that tiine gave employment to more men than any one employer in South Bend. He was the first person in this city to sell shoes ready made, and with Alexander Foote organized the first incorporated coml)any in the city. "The Cordwainers' Union," for the manufacture of boots and shoes, it l)eing also the first co-operative union incorporated in Indiana and of which Mr. Bugbee was made the president. In its management he displayed splendid executive power and keen discrimination, and he was widely recognized as a mo.st capable business man.

The first tannery which ]\lr. Bugbee owned was burned, and although he immediately rebuilt the flood of 1856 swept away the dam across the river. He then erected a furniture factory on the same site, which he leased, and this, too, was destroyed by fire. Again he rebnilt, this time leasing it to a Massachusetts firm, wliile it was afterward leased to the Judst)n ^Montgomery Company, the Studebaker Brothers and to Alexis Coquillard, to whom he ultimately sold the I)ro])erty. At the close of the war he retired from business, choosing to rest from the arduous cares as he passed down the western slope of life. Mr. Bugbee was a dirjsctor in the State Bank of Indiana, and also assisted in organizing the St. Joseph County Savings Bank, of which he was the first treasurer. The cause of humanity never had a truer friend, and while he was deeply concerned in numerous philanthropic enterprises he M^as more especially identified with the temperance cause.

On the 28th of April, 1844. Mr. Bugbee was united in marriage to Miss Adelia Ann Crocker, who was the lady principal of the first academy of South Bend. Her death occurred January 28. 1861. Willis A. was the only child of this marriage, and he is truly a worthy son of a worthy sire, well known in the business circles of South Bend. The second marriage of Mr. Bugbee was celebrated January 13, 1881, when Miss Mary P. Moody became his wife. She was a native of Newburyport, Massachusetts. Mr. Bugbee died May 24, 1904, and the comnumity mourned the loss of one of its most valued citizens.

Andrew Kunstman. Since the early days of St. Joseph county the Kunstman family has occupied a distinctively honorable place in its history, and Andrew Kunstman, whose death occurred May 23, 1907, represented it with high credit as one of the most respected citizens of South Bend. About two years ago he retired from active business to the restful comforts of his pleasant home at 230 North Lafayette street, and for some time prior to his death was suffering with locomotor ataxia, although his trouble had not deterred him from out of door exercise. Some two weeks before his demise he had his first stroke of apoplexy, and was bedfast thereafter, the second stroke proving fatal in about an hour.

In Mr. Kunstman 's sudden death Union township lost a native son, his birth in that section of the county occurring July 21, 1863. He was the younger of two children - a son and a daughter - ^born to Andrew and Barbara Kunstman, an account of wliose lives will be found in another portion of this woi'k. Andrew Kunstman, Jr.. received his early education in the schools of INIishawaka and South Bend, and pursued his hiyher studies at Notre Dame ITniversity. At the age of twenty-three he entered upon the active duties of a business life, conducting opei'ations on his own account in South Bend until January. 1906, when failing health induced his retirement. At that time he had not only acquired considerable wealth in liis business entei-prises, but was a stockholder in the American Trust Company and the owner of a building on Washington sti-eet and what are known as llu' Kunslmnii Flats. So that he was able to }iass the last years of his life free from worldly anxieties, and left his family in comfortable circumstances.

On October 2, 1889, the deceased was united in mari'iage to Ann Elizabeth Boye, a native of Valparaiso, Indiana, and tln'y became the parents of two children - Harold, now attending the high school at South Bend, and IMarguerite, a student at the Sisters' Academy, of that place. Mr. Kunstman was a member of the fraternal orders of Elks and Eagles, also of the Commercial Club: was a Republican iu his political affiliations, but preferred to concentrate his attention and his abilities on the development of his business interests and the domestic duties of a good husband and father. That he made many friends and retained them through life is an evidence of his just, steadfast and alt-.:- gether substantial character.

Marvin Campbell. Becoming identified with South Bend over thirty-five years ago, Mr. Campbell has, since that time, been connected with many activities of the city, but has become best known as a manufacturer. After coming here in 1870, at that time a young man of twenty-one years, and fresh from college, he spent two years as a teacher of mathematics in the South Bend high school. During the following fifteen years the citizens always spoke of him as one of the enterprising hardware merchants and a publicspirited helper when needed in a movement of a general nature. In 1888, as treasurer and partner of the Mishawaka AVoolen Manufacturing Company, he became associated with one of the most important manufacturing concerns of the two cities, and his energy and business ability were recognized as a factor in its success until the past year (1906), when he disposed of his interests.

In 1893 the South Bend Folding Box Company was organized. This is now and has been for several years one of the largest enterprises of the kind in the w^est. Its product, which a quarter of a century ago had only a very limited use, is now indispensable and peculiarly adapted to the demands of modern business, and as such has attained a use and demand as extended as commerce and industry. For a numher of years ^Ir. Campbell and his sons have been sole owners of this establishment, and under their skiUful management it is constantly growing.

Among other well known business interests in which Mr. Campbell's influence is felt, are the South Bend National Bank, and the Long Distance Telephone Manufacturing Company, of both of which he is president.

Mr. Campbell, whose later years have witnessed the business success above noted, was born on a farm near Valparaiso. March 13. 1849. a son of Samuel A. and Harriet (Cornell) Campbell. His father, who was born in New York in 1821, accompanied his parents to Indiana in 1833, their settlement on a farm two miles east of Valparaiso being in the nature of a pioneer endeavor. On that same farm where the family located nearly three-quarters of a century ago, the father still lives, having reached the ripe age of eighty-six years. His wdfe, who was born in Ohio in 1826, died many years ago, in 1865.

Reared on a farm, Marvin Campbell attended district school and completed his education in the old V. M. & F. College at Valparaiso. Before moving to South Bend ho taught mathematics in the high school of his home city for one year. In 1874 he married Miss Lydia A. Brownfield, a daughter of another pioneer family of 1833, her parents being John and Lydia (Beeson) Brownfield. Mr. and Mrs. Campbell's children are: John Brownfield, Harriet B. and Marvin Rudolph. The sons are, respectively, secretary and superintendent, and treasurer, of the Folding Paper Box Company, and are thoroughly capable young business men. The daughter is the wife of Dr. AV. A. Hager, of South Bend. The family are members of the Methodist church, of which Mr. Campbell is a trustee and in 1904 was a delegate to the quadrennial general conference at Los Angeles. He affiliates Avith Lodge No. 45, of the ]\Iasons. Some j^ears -ago Mr. Campbell took an influential part in local politics, and from 1883 to 1885 represented St. Joseph and Starke counties in the state senate. He is president of the board of trustees of the Epworth Hospital at South Bend, and is a member of the board of triLstees of De Pauw L^niversity.

C. B. Stephenson. The Stephenson brothers are among the most prominent manufacturers of South Bend. C. B. Stephenson, a worthy and prosperous member of the family, was born in AVabash county, Indiana, on the 12th of August. 1845. His father. Amos T. Stephenson, was a native of Ired^'U county. North Carolina, but as early as 1837 came to South Bend, where he married Miss Priscilla O. AVall. The maternal grandfather. Benjamin AYall, became a resident of South Bend in 1836. and was highly respected as a useful and honorable pioneer.

Mr. Stephenson received his early education in the public schools of Sonth Bend, later attended the Ypsilanti (INIich.) Union Seminary, and for a time served as a clerk in the postoffice of the former place. At that time there were only two clerks in that service, and they were not broken down by over-work. Afterward the youth spent four years in Colorado, and then removed to New- York, where for tw^enty years he was employed as a dry goods salesman. In 1873, with his father and brothers, he established a retail plumbing business in South Bend, which, from the first, met with a high degree of success. In 1889, however, the character of the enterprise was changed and the business was incorporated under the name of the South Bend Pump Company and later the Stephenson Manufacturing Company, which is still engaged in the manufacture of automatic wood turnings. In the year mentioned C. B. Stephenson returned to South Bend to reside, and, wdth his brothers, A. H., B. C. and F. A. Stephenson, became identified wnth the A. C. Staley Manufacturing Company. During the past four years the business has been entirely in the hands of the Stephenson brothers, and, under their enterprising and skillful management, the establishment has become one of the leading industries of South Bend and one of the best known underwear manufactories in the country. The subject of this sketch is also president of the Stephenson Manafacturing Company.

While a resident of New^ York Mr. Stephen- .son Avas united in marriage to Miss Ada Preston, a native of that city, and they have one daughter. Bertha. Mr. Stephenson is a public spirited, progressive citizen, honored for his integrity in business, his faithfulness to family and friends and his absolute fidelity to every trust which he has ever assumed. Calvin Moon, superintendent of the South Bend public schools, is of Scotch-English ancestry. He is the son of James and Mary (James) Moon, and was born May 16th, 1849, on his father's farm near the village of Lakeville, St. Joseph county, Indiana, w^here he grew^ to manhood. He acquired his education in the district schools and the V. M. & F. college of Valparaiso, Indiana, w^here a severe illness from pneumonia brought his studentship to a close at that institution two months before the end of his third year.

After leaving college, Mr. Moon taught school for tW'O years, then joined the engineering corps engaged in making the preliminary surveys for the Chicago & Canada Southern Railroad, now Imown as the Wabash. This was merely a temporary engagement, how^ever, for his taste tended in a different direction, inclining him to educational work. The opportunity to gratify this desire came to him in June, 1877, when he was elected superintendent of the schools of St. Joseph county, there being nine candidates in the field for the position at that time. His administration of the school affairs of the county w^as so eminently satisfactory that he was re-elected seven times to that position, under varying political conditions, five of w^hich w'ere by unanimous vote. Mr. Moon's experience of fourteen years and one month in this capacity made for him a reputation as a superintendent of schools that was scarcely limited by the boundaries of the state.

It is due to Mr. Moon's industry, progressiveness and tact that St. Joseph county has the distinction of being the first in the state - (a) to have a uniformity of text books throughout the country; (b) to adopt a uniform course of study and grade the country schools; (c) to establish a minimum salary (of forty dollars a month) for teachei*s in the country schools and abolish the ancient custom of "boarding around"; (d) to organize and maintain a County Teachers' Library Association. Through his personal efforts the Association was organized in 1884 wnth Mr. Charles H. Bartlett as president and INIr. Moon as librarian. The library, which is still in a flourishing condition, under the careful supervision of County Superintendent William Clem, has several hundred volumes, largely of a professional nature, and has proven a potent factor in the uplift of the teaching profession in the county.

In June, 1891, Mr. Moon's abilities were recognized by his appointment to the superintendency of the South Bend jniblic schools, the position w^hich today he holds to the credit of himself and satisfaction of the public, and through his entire incumhcncy, covering a period of sixteen years, his steps have been steadily forward. Resigning the superintendency of the county schools, July 1, 1891. to accept the sn])erintoiulency of the city schools, he applied to the latter the same intelligence, zeal and energy that had brought him distinction in the former position.

The growth of the city schools during ]\Ir. Moon's superintendency is clearly indicated in the figures showing that the enrolhnent for the school year ending in June, 1891, was 3,046, while for the current year U907) it is 6,266. The number of teachers in 1891 was 61, for this year there are 202; and during the sixteen years ten commodious ward school buildings and a high school have been erected.

additions have been made to two, doubling their capacity, and one of the old buildings reconstructed and made as good as new. In addition to these improvements, a thirteen room ward school and a manual training shop are being built.

Mr. Moon's domestic life is as well ordered and happy as his educational work. He was married December 21, 1876, to Miss Cynthia A. Stonehill, a native of the county, and a daughter of Daniel and Adaline (Brothers) Stonehill. With the exception of a daughter, who died in infancy, his family is intact. He has five sons, James S., Otto R., Ray E., Clarence C, and Charles S., all engaged in useful occupations, or in school preparing themselves for the serious duties of life. The family occupies a pleasant home at 518 West Colfax avenue, conveniently near Mr. Moon's office in the high school building, where he frequently may be found in the evening preparing his work for the following day.

Mr. Moon is a man of strong convictions and broad intelligence. He has methodical habits of work and throws all the energy of his ardent nature into the task of promoting the interests of the schools of South Bend. In him the pupils of the schools have a zealous guardian, the parents a trusty friend, the teachers a loyal and unselfish helper, and the board of education a capable, earnest and efficient official.

E. A. Morse. I\Ir. E. A. Morse, the president of the South Bend Brick Company, one of the leading institutions of the city and county, has made for himself a place in the industrial activities of life and gained recognition for intrinsic worth of character. He is also numbered among the younger business men of his adopted city, for his birth occurred on the 21st of May, 1874, in Durand, Wisconsin, his parents being Hobart D. and Elizabeth A. (Dorwin) Morse, both of whom were born in St. Lawrence county, New" York, and both are living at the present time. Of their seven children two are deceased.

E. A. Morse was but a babe of six months at the time of the removal of his parents from Wisconsin to New York, and in St. Lawrence county he grew to mature years, receiving an excellent educational training in its public schools and in an academy and business college at Ogdensburg, that state. Thus well equipped for the activities of life, he came to South Bend at the age of eighteen year-s and secured employment with the old South Bend Construction Company in the capacity of a bookkeeper, while later on he was made the manager of the South Bend Brick Exchange, conducting its business for some years. Finally purchasing the brick plant of the John H. Shank estate, Mr. Morse continued the business until the organization of the South Bend Brick Company in 1903, which was launched with a capital of fifty thousand dollars, and he was made the president and manager, his present positions. He is also the agent for the Hydraulic Press Brick Company through northern Indiana and western IMichigan, which necessitates his being on the road about half the time. Their yards are located on Portage avenue, and the output of the plant is about sixty-five thousand brick a day.

The marriage of Mr. Morse was celebrated in 1898, Edith Dunnahoo then becoming his wife, and she is a daughter of Griffin Dunnahoo, of South Bend. Two children, a son and a daughter, have been born to them, Edward and Phoebe. Mr. Morse holds membership relations with the Elks and the Odd Fellows of South Bend, and he is an active worker in the ranks of the Democratic party. He is a man of enterprise, liberal views aijd_ sterling worth, and is thoroughly identified in feeling with the growth and prosperity of the city and county which have been his home throughout his entire business life.

A. D. Baker has been so closely identified with the interests of South Bend that the city feels a just pride in claiming him among her citizens. He stands to-day at the head of one of the leading industrial concerns of the county, being secretary and treasurer of the South Bend Chilled Plow Company, and his prestige has been won through marked executive force, keen discrimination, sound .iudgment and unfaltering energy. His birth occurred in Decatur, Illinois, on the 25th of April, 1856. His father. George W. Baker, was a native of Pennsylvania, but when only six years old was brought by his brother, A. S. Baker, to South Bend, where he remained until he had reached his twentyseventh year, going thence to Decatur. Illinois. In 1876, however, he returned to South Bend, and this city continued as the scene of his operations until his busy life was ended in death. To him came the attainment of a distinsfuished position in connection with the industrial interests of this section of the state, for lie was one of the organizers of the South Bend Chilled Plow Company, which has attained a wide reputation over all portions of the United States. A man of distinctive and forceful individuality, he left his impress upon the business world,' and upon the ladder of his own building he climbed to prominence and prosperity. Mr. Baker married Catherine Dewey, of Vermont, and they were the parents of three children, but only two are now living, A. D. and his sister, who is now Mrs. Oren, of South Bend. One sister became the wife of J. C. Birdsell, of this city, and is now deceased.

A. D. Baker, after receiving an excellent educational training, assisted his father in organizing the South Bend Chilled Plow Company in 1875, and has since been connected with it as secretary and treasurer. This institution has received world-wide renown, and in conducting its affairs and enlarging its scope Mr. Baker has so directed his efforts that the business interests have grown apace with the ]irogress which dominates this country.

He was married in 1883 to Bessie Hinds, of IMadison, Indiana. In his fraternal relations Mr. Baker is a member of the order of Ellcs, and was also one of the organizers of the Indiana Club, of which he was president for nine years. His religious connection is with St. Paul's Method'ist Episcopal church.

George S. Hunt. In the business circles of South Bend the name of George S. Hunt is well kno'wni as the president and treasurer of the Hunt Brothers' ^Tanufacturing Company, located at 332 and 334 South Scott street. He was born in Dodge county, Wisconsin. April 4, 1859, a son of W. D. and Diantha (Dunham) Hunt, both of whom claimed the Empire State as the commonwealth of their nativity. They, however, became early pioneers' of Wisconsin, taking up their abode there in 1850, where the father was well kno^vn as a w^agon maker in Brandon. They now maintain their residence in South Bend.

George S. Hunt, the .second child in order of birth in his parents' family, spent the days of his boyhood and youth in the place of his nativity, receiving his educational training in its public schools, and he there learned the painter's trade. On the 22d of May. 1880, he became a resident of South Bend, where he was afterward employed by the Studebaker Brothers and the Olivers, while in the fall of 1892 he became associated with his brother. W. I. Hunt, in the manufacturing and repairing business. This association continued for eleven years, and at its close in 1905 Mr. Hunt purchased his brother's interest and reorganized the company, which was always known as the Hunt Brothers' ]\Ianufacturing Company, and of which he is the president and treasurer. The manufactory furnishes employment to about twelve men, and they are extensively engaged in the manufacture and fc])airing of buggies and other vehicles. Mr. Hunt is a man of excellent business and executive abilily, of keen discrimination, sound judgment and capable management, and he enjoys the confidence and regard of tho.se with whom he has been brought in contact through business dealings.

In 1884 was celebrated the marriage of Mr. Hunt and Miss Emma McBroom, she being the daughter of William and Annaliza McBroom. Two sons have been born of this union, Charles E. and Russell G. Mr. Hunt supports the Republican party where national issues are involved, but at local elections easts his ballot independent of party ties, li'or twenty years he has been a member of the Masonic order, and for eight years has had membership relations with the ^lodern Woodmen. The principal years of his life having been spent in St. Joseph county, he is well known among its citizens and is held in uniform regard.

'Daniel Greene, president of the South Bend Foundry Company, is one of the venerable and honored fathers of St. Joseph county, and his wife has the distinction of li(4ng the oldest continuous resident of St. Joseph county. Their homelike and commodious residence on South Uafayette street is therefore the headquarters for many of the )]d-timers who have watched with pride the commercial, industrinl and civic growth of their town.

Daniel Greene is a native of Greene county. Ohio, the date of his birth being December 15, 1818. His parents were John and Nancy N. (Jackson) Greene and they were both natives of Delawni-e. Of the t'onr1(MMi childi'i'ii in the family, twelve reached manhood and womanhood and all settled in St. Josejih county. Daniel was the seventh child, and was fourteen yeai's of age when he came to the county with the other nu^mbei-s of the family. He was reared in Greene township in the western part of the county, and remained on the family homestead until 1866. His father died in 1838 and his mother in 1844, and he continued to reside there after his marriage in 1849 until the year named. In 1866 he settled in South Bend to assume the position of deputy county treasurer, under his brother Ezekiel. Later he became connected with the South Bend Chilled Plow Company, of w^hich he was treasurer for itiany years. In 1886 he severed his connection with that establishment and .spent about six months with his family in California, isinee which time he has been virtually retired from active business, although for the sake of employment he has been somewhat identified with fire insurance.

It is difficult to realize that Mr. Greene has been a resident of St. Joseph county for nearly seventy-five years. His first presidential vote was cast for ^lartin Van Buren in 1840. and he has since voted in St. Joseph county at every national election. In 1844, 1848 and 1852 he supported the Free Soil ticket, and in 1856 he assisted in the organization of the Republican party. Since the founding of the party he has never abandoned it; on the contrary, has been an enthusiastic advocate of its principles, although he has never sought public office or other preferment through the organi^.ation. Mr. Greene is a leader in the work of the Presbyterian church, and is the oldest member of that religious body in South Bend. He has long been one of its elders, and has represented the church in several of its general assemblies.

In 1849 Daniel Greene was married to ]\Tary Leeper, daughter of Samuel and Elizabeth Leeper. his wife being born in Darke county, Ohio, in 1829. When slie was about six months of age the family came to St. Joseph county, in which .she has since continuously resided. Her parents were among the very first pioneers of the county, coming, in fact, before it was organized or before South Bend was platted as a town. Of the five children born to Mr. and Mrs. Greene three are still living: Elizabeth, widow of Dr. Kettering, now living in the home of her parents; Horace, proprietor and manager of the South Rend Foundry Company, and Edna, wife of William C. Warner of South Bend.

tj'pes of the world's w^orkere and who have introducd new eras of thought by inventions of great utility no one is more worthy of honorable mention than George Cutter, the president of the George Cutter Company, patentees of electrical specialties. He was born in Boston, ]\Iassachusetts, October 13, 1853, and in that city his father, George T. Cutter, also had his nativity. The family history, however, is traced back to the mother country of England, in Northampton, but as early as 1630 representatives of the family came to America and established their home here, where they have ever since been leading and honored residents. George T. Cutter followed the miller's trade, becoming the well known proprietor of the Mahogany ]\Iill. His wife bore the maiden name of Abbie E. Blaisdell, and was a native of Milton, New Hampshire, but of north of France descent. They became the parents of four sons, all of whom grew to u.seful manhood.

George Cutter, the third son in order of birth, was reared and received his educational training in his native city of Boston, and there he also prepared for his life's work. He began the electrical business at the early age of sixteen yeare, and after completing his apprentice.ship he spent two years in Europe, those of 1881-2, in order to further perfect himself in his chosen occupation. Returning home, he became associated with the Bell Teleohofiie Company at the time of its organization, and later as its representative he spent one year in Ru.ssia. During two and a half years Mr. Cutter was the chief engineer for the Thomson-Houston Electric Light Company, while for six years he had charge of their testing rooms. At this time Mr. Cutter decided to engage in the electrical business for him.self, and choosing Chicago as his field of endeavor he engaged in business there in 1889, but in 1905 transferred his residence and place of activity to South Bend, where he is engaged in the formation and manufacture of outdoor lighting supplies. His business now extends to all parts of the known world, and at the present time he furnishes employment to about sixty operatives. In this age of large enterprise and marked intellectual energy the prominent and successful men are those whose abilities, persistence and courage lead them into large undertakings, and it is these qualities that have made Mr. Cutter a leader in the business world and won him a name in con-

In 1888 Mr. Cutter married Miss Inez Gass, whose father, John Gass, was born in Waynetown, Indiana. J\lr. Cutter is a member of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers. In his business relations he is thoroughly upright and conscientious, considerate and courteous in his personal and social contact, and is at all times an earnest, patriotic citizen.

Samuel Shepard Perley. One of the most prominent of South Bend's business men is Samuel S. Perley. His connection with many of the leading corporations of this city makes him too well known to need introduction to the readers of this volume, but as a business man and citizen we would preserve the record of his career among a people who have learned to respect and honor him. He was born in Portland, Maine, on the 8tli of October, 1861, a son of J. H. and Fannie (Smith) Perley. The father Avas long a business man in Maine, and was the first president of the Board of Trade of Portland. In 1869 he removed with his family to Detroit, Michigan, where he was largely interested in the lumber business until his retirement from trade relations, and his death occurred in South Bend the 2d of December, 1869. His wife, who was a native of Newburyport, New Hampshire, survived him for many years, passing away in 1886.

Their son and the sub.iect of this review, Samuel S. Perley, on leaving school entered the wagon works of Alexis Coquillard in an official capacity, and as the years have grown apace he has risen step by step until he now occupies a high povsition in this large concern. For many years he has held an executive position therein, and since the death of Mr. A. Coquillard, the founder of the business, has been its trustee and manager. His interests in South Bend, however, are many and varied, for he is also president of tiie Perley Lumber Company, a director of the Citizens' National Bank, a stockholder in the Bissell Plow Company and also connected with other large enterprises. Thus to Mr. Perley has come the attainment of a distinguished position in connection with large industries. A man of distinctive and forceful individuality, he has left and is leaving his impress upon the industrial world, while there has been no shadow of wrong or injiLstice to mar his career.

The marriage of Mr. Perley and Miss Lillian Casady, a daughter of W. L. Casady, was celebrated in 1892. The father is a well known business man and an honored citizen of South Bend. Three children have been born to bless this union, namely, Margaret, William Casady and Harold Otis.

William F. Wood. Among the names of the men who are distinguishing themselves for the possession in an eminent degree of those qualities of character which mainly contribute to the success of private life and to public stability is found that of William F. Wood. As the record of a young man it is one of which he may be justly proud, for it is distingiiished by the most substantial qualities of character. He was born in Kossville, Indiana, May 7, 1876, a son of Deloss M. and Emma (Farraw) Wood, who make their home in Hammond, Indiana. In their family were but two children, a son and a daughter, and the latter, Louise, is at home. The father is a prominent minister of the Methodist Episcopal church, and in that capacity he has traveled over much of this country.

William F. Wood, their only son, attended De Pauw University for four years, j)ursiiing the classical course, and during a similar period he was a newspaper correspondent, his work in that line taking him over many parts of the world and identifying him with the Spanish-American war, where he served on the battleship Iowa in the capacity of ship's yeoman. After the close of the conflict he was associated with the "San Fi-ancisco Evening Report" until in February, 1900, when he went to Lebanon, Boone county, Indiana, there maintaining his residence until his removal to Soulli Bend iti September, 1900. His first association in this city was with the Sandage Steel Skein Company, with whom he remained until in February, 1904, and in July of that year purchased a half interest in the Economy Electric Company. Afterwards Mr. Wood bought the remaining stock and the firm name was changed to the Wood Electric and Manufacturing Company. The company gives employment to about twenty men, and is one of the leading electrical manufacturing enterprises of the city. He is a man of distinctive and forceful individuality, and under his direction the Wood Electric and Manufacturing Company has increased its business three hundred per cent. Although one of the younger representatives of the business interests of South Bend, he has gained a. brilliant success, the just reward of meritorious, honorable effort, which commands the respect of all.

On the 3d of July, 1900, Mr. Wood was united in marriage to Blanch Lee Daily, a daughter of American C. Daily, a prominent banker and financier and ex-state auditor. Mrs. "Wood- was born in Lebanon, Indiana^, there receiving her education in its grammar and high schools, and she is also a talented musician. They have two children, Mary Daily and Deloss Calvin. Mr. Wood has in every way proven himself a public spirited citizen, and he possesses the public confidence to a high degree.

Henry F. Elbed. No name figures more conspicuously or is mentioned with greater honor on the pages of the history of St. Joseph county than the Elbel family. What the Olivers and Studebakers have been to the industrial life of South Bend, the Elbels have been to the nuisical life. They are a familv of musicians, and in the early davs made this city famous in the musical world. There were six brothers of the first family of Elbels associated with South Bend, Erhardt, Christian, Lorenz, Wolf. John and Henry, and all were fine musicians, while Christian won more than a local reputation as a composer. Lorenz, the father of him whose name introduces this review, was for more than half a century a director of the orchestra which still bears his name and was also a leader of the Elbel Military Band. He had six sons, - Henry, Herman, Richard, Robert, Fred and Louis, all of whom have inherited their father's musical ability to a high degree, and Louis has gained high honors both at home and abroad. At Leipsic he was one of the very few Americans to appear as soloist, and made a record of which lie and his family may well feel proud. The brothers are proprietors of a large piano store, and all are enterprising, worthy citizens, w^orthy children of a worthy sire.

Henry F. Elbel, the immediate sub.iect of this review, wa.s born in South Bend on the 9th of November, 1856, a son of Lorenz and Johannah Elbel, both natives of Germany. Early in life, however, they crossed the ocean to the United States and became thoroughly American citizens, in harmony with the spirit of the republic, and. making the most of his opportunities, Mr. Elbel steadily worked his way upward to success and all that was desirable and ennobling in life. Their son Henry F. received his educational training in the schools of South Bend, and was for many years thereafter engaged with the Singer Company. He is now a member of the firm of the South Bend Engraving and Electrotyping Company, one of the leading and most prosperous institutions in the city. He has ever been active and earnest in his advocacy of all measures for the public good, and the cause of education especially finds in him a stalwart friend. He is now serving as treasurer of the school board, and has proved himself a valued factor in its behalf.

Edward Muessel. During a pioneer epoch in the histor}^ of St. Joseph county the Muessel family was founded within its borders by Christopher Muessel, the father of Edward, and who was a native of Bavaria, Germany. In a very early day, however, he came to South Bend, and the members of his family have taken an active and prominent part in the development of this section of the state. He was a brewer in the old country, as was his father before him, and after coming to Indiana continued in the same occupation, his first brewery beinglocated at Vistula, and a part of this old building is still standing. He owned one hundred and thirty-six acres of land north of the city, on which was splendid Avater power, but in about 1868 he removed to the present site of the brewery. It was the first one established in the town and is still owned by the family, ]\Ir. Edward Muessel serving as its president. It is one of the oldest institutions of the county, and has served its part in luaking South Bend- one of the leading industrial centers. Though his business demanded much of his attention, Christopher ]\Iuessel yet found time to labor for the advancement of many movements and measures intended to benefit the community and promote the welfare of his fellow men. He was a public-spirited, progressive citizen, honored for his integrity in industrial life and for his fidelity to every trust.

Edward Muessel, a son of this honored Indiana pioneer, was born in South Bend on the 3d of January, 1858, and in its public schools received his early educational training, while later he was a student in Notre Dame LTniversity. He then bes"an work with his father in the brewery, and in 1895 commenced a wholesale liquor business. He was married to Mary Miller, a daughter of George Miller, of Marshall county, Indiana, and they have two daughters, Alma and Netta. Mr. Muessel is a member of the South Bend Turn Verein.

AViLLiAM Muessel. One of the oldest and most enterprising business men of South Bend is William Muessel, the secretary of the Muessel Brewing Company, and who is ranked with the representative citizens of the place. His birth occurred across the sea in Germany, July 10, 1847, but when only six years of age he was brought by his father, Christopher Muessel, to the United States, who at once made his way to South Bend and permanently established the family home in this city. The year of the emigration was 1852, and shortly after their arrival the father established the brewing business. The little son grew to years of maturity in this city, and after completing his education in its public schools began work in his father's brewery, thus continuing until the latter 's death, the son being then about thirty years of age. His brother Ludwig then assumed charge of the business, and when it was reorganized as the Muessel Brewing Company William Muessel was made the secretary, an office which he has since so ably filled. Although he entered upon a business already established, in conducting this and enlarging its scope he has so directed his efforts that its interests have grown apace with the progress Avhich dominates this progressive age, and with the other members of this large manufactory he occupies a leading place in the business life of the community.

Mr. Muessel was married in 1875, Martha Kelner then becoming his wife, and she, too, claims the fatherland as the place of her nativity. Their union has been blessed by the birth of seven children : Leander, Otto S., Emma, Henry, Albert, Clara and William. In his fraternal relations Mr. Muessel is a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows of this city and the Turners Society. During the long period of fifty-three years he has made his home in South Bend, and during that time he has attained prominence in its business circles, while in private life no man in the city has more friends than he.

Walter G. Muessel, treasurer and manager of the Muessel Brewing Company, was born in South Bend on the 5th of September, 1869, the eldest of the two sons of Ludwig Muessel. The father was the eldest son of

Christopher Muessel, who came to this country from Germany, and in an early day established the family home in South Bend. To him belongs the credit also of the establishment of the Muessel Brewery, and although fifty-five years have passed since that event it is yet owned by the family, and under their guidance has grown to large proportions, occupying a leading place among the large manufactories of South Bend.

Walter G. Muessel, the grandson of this early St. Joseph county pioneer, has spent his entire life in South Bend. After attending its public schools he entered Purdue University, where he pursued the mechanical engineering course and graduated in 1892. During the following two years he was employed as an engineer in different localities, and on the 1st of March, 1895, assumed the important position he now holds in the Muessel Brewing Company, that of treasurer and manager, while in addition he is also director of the American Trust Company of South Bend. His interests are many and varied, and he is numbered among the successful young business men of South Bend, where his entire life has been passed and where he has won and retained many friends.

The marriage of Mr. Muessel was celebrated in 1897, when Florence, the daughter of the late Andrew J. Chrisman, became his wife, and their three children are Robert, Helen and Hester. Mr. Muessel holds a leading place in the social as well as business circles of South Bend, and has membership relations with the Elks, the Odd Fellows and the Masonic orders.

Adolph J. Muessel, superintendent of the Muessel Brewing Company of South Bend, was born in this city on the 3d of October, 1870, the second son of Ludwig Muessel. The latter is the son of Christopher Muessel, who was the founder of the family in the United States and the organizer of the Muessel Brewing Company. After completing his education in the city schools of South Bend Adolph J. entered Notre Dame University, where he completed a three years ' general course. During the three succeeding years he was employed in the sheet ii-on worlvs of this city, and on the expiration of that period, in 1893, was made the superintendent of the Muessel Brewing Company, one of the largest manufacturing concerns of St. Joseph county. He has ever since discharged the duties of that important position, and South Bend is proud

In 1897 Mr. Muessel was united in marriage to Sarah E. Blyler, the daughter of David Blyler, of St. Joseph county, and their only child is a daughter, Margaretta. Mr. Muessel is a member of the Turners Association, and is a valued factor in the social life of his community.

Leighton Pine. When Leighton Pine passed away one more name was added to the list of honored dead whose earthly records closed with the words, "Well done," but as long as memory remains to those who knew him the influence of his noble life will remain as a source of encouragement and inspiration. Many business concerns and moral enterprises owe their excellence and progress largely to his influence. He was in touch with the people, and from a sincere and deep-felt interest in their welfare labored for all that would prove of public benefit until the busy and useful life was ended. j

Mr. Pine was born in the city of New York, February 10, 1844, the youngest son of William Pine, and his education was received in the schools of his native city. At an early age he learned photography, and during the Civil war was official photographer on the staff of General Gilmore. In the early '60s he entered the employ of Francis A. Ross, at that time engaged in cabinet work for the Singer Sewing Machine Coinpany. With his far seeing judgment Mr. Pine proposed to the Singer Company the establishment of a cabinet factory in the middle west, which was approved, and he came to South Bend on the 15th of May, 1868. The city then, as now, offered superior inducements, and the company built on the east race, but the site was abandoned in a few years and the mammoth concern was built on West Division, one of the finest plants in the world, and with the new plant was established a foundry. In 1875 Mr. Pine left the Singer Company and went with the Oliver Chilled Plow Works, assisting in organizing the plant and becoming its secretary. But in November, 1879, he returned to the Singer Company, remaining with that corporation until his life's labors were ended in death. In the late '70'S Mr. Pine also organized the Economist Plow Company, while later he organized the South Bend Spring Curry Comb Company, but the latter afterward passed into the control of Marvin Campbell. He 'was a man of distinctive and forceful individuality, and the Singer Company eventually made him manager of all its great cabinet works in South Bend, Cairo, Illinois, Scotland, Grermany and Russia. In this high position Mr. Pine displayed executive power and keen discrimination, and was widely recognized as a most capable business man. Much of the strength of his life for many years was given to the betterment of public life. He fought relentlessly against boodle and graft in public affairs, and his life was beautiful in its purity, goodness and Christian virtues. A staunch Republican in his political affiliations, he defended the policy of his party with intelligence and ardor.

On the 5th of November, 1865, Mr. Pine was married to Maria C. Barmore, of New York city, and one son was born to them, Milton B., who now ably fills his father's position. The death of the loving husband and father occurred on the 15th of November, 1905. His loss was deeply mourned in this connnunity, and his memory is enshrined in the hearts of his friends and associates, to whose interests he was ever faithful.

GusTAV A. Stueckle. From a little German home across the sea Gustav A. Stueekle made his way to the United States and entered upon a career which has proved successful. He is distinctively the architect of his own fortunes, for coming to this country without capital he has made his way to success througli wisely directed efforts and to all that is ennobling in life. He was bom in Wurtemberg, Germany, on the 1st of December, 1863, a son of Jacob John and Caroline (Rapp) Stueekle, also natives of Wurtemberg. They now reside in the village of Rohracker, in the district of Cannstatt, and Mr. Stueekle also has two brothers and two sisters in the fatherland.

After receiving an excellent educational training in his native land Gustav A. Stueekle came to the United States, arriving in this country on the 23d of July. 1881, and immediately took up his abode in South Bend. Thus for many years his life history has been closely identified with the history of this city. His career has been one of untiring activity, but success has attended his efforts and has placed him in the ranks of the leading men of affairs. His first employment here was as a cabinet-maker, which was also the trade of his father, thus continuing' for twelve years. During all those years he was also a diligent student, obtaining- a good comprehensive knowledge of the English language and of the business methods of this country. In 1899 he entered upon a business life for himself, and through many channels he has contributed to his own prosperity and to the w^elfare and upbuilding of South Bend. He is president of the South Bend Brewing Company, which was organized in 1903, the stock of which is principally owned by local capital, and in 1900 he was elected a member of the city council to represent the Fourth ward, to which position he has been twice re-elected and is now serving hi.s third term. The Democracy receives his hearty support and co-operation, and he is an active worker in its ranks.

In 1886 Mr. Stueckle married Elizabeth INIargaret Doberlein. a daughter of John Doberlein, Avho came from Germany and settled in St. Joseph county in the early '70s. One son has been born of this union, Clarence C. Mr. Stueckle is a member of the Turn Verein, the Mannerchor and the Eagles. He arrived in this country a stranger in a strange land, with no knowledge of the English language, but by persistent study and hard and diligent w^ork he ha.s mastered the intricate problems of life, and few have more devoted friends than he. He has but lately returned with his family from a visit to his native land.

Theodore Thorward. No better illustration of the characteristic energy and enterprise of the Germ an- American citizen can be found than that afforded by the career of Theodore Thorward, one of the best known business men of South Bend. Coming to this country with no capital except his abilities, he has made his way to success through wisely directed efforts, and he can now look back with satisfaction to past struggles. He was born in Germany on the 11th of November. 1859. and coming to the United States with relatives settled in Powhattan, Ohio, w^here he was educated in the public schools and also attended the German Methodist Episcopal College of Wallace, at Berea, Ohio. He fully realized the value of an education, and therefore worked his own way through college. Thus with an excellent foundation for his future life work he busied himself at various occupations until 1881, when he went to Fort Wayne, Indiana, and entered the telephone business. He commenced work by soliciting for the first independent telephone company there, and after obtaining a thorough knowledge of the business he was made the assistant manager of the Home Telephone Company of that city.

At that time Mr. Thorward began looking about for new fields for his operations, and as South Bend offered a splendid opportunity he induced capital to invest here and secured a thirty-seven year franchise for a telephone system in South Bend and Mishawaka. He then organized the Home Telephone Company, with exchanges at South Bend, Mishawa.ka and several places, and the company now has two hundred miles of toll line connected with the Home Company. The system is one of the most perfect in the country, and under Mr. Thorward 's presidency and management has been very successful, representing an investment of five hundred thousand dollars, including real estate in South Bend and Mishawaka. Mr. Thorward has also interested some well known capitalists in Chicago in the organizing of a long distance independent toll line between Chicago and South Bend, with the result that this city will be the hub of a large independent toll line system. He is president and general manager of the Home Telephone Company, and although his residence in South Bend dates from only 1902 he is numbered among its best known and most successful business men. His political support is given to the Republican party, and he takes &n active interest in its work and upbuilding.

The marriage of Mr. Thorward was celebrated in 1881, when Miss Minnie Dendel, of Allegan, Michigan, became his wife, and they have two sons, George T., a graduate of the University of Michigan and now assistant manager of the Home Telephone Company, and Benjamin, a graduate of the South Bend high school and now a student at Ann Arbor. The family worship in the Methodist Episcopal church, and Mr. Thorw^ard is a member of the order of Elks, the Commercial Athletic Club and the Indiana Club.

Joseph Greeley Bartlett. who died in South Bend on January 9, 1873, was one of the prominent pioneer merchants of the city, and, aside from his business career, is especially impressed upon the minds of the old settlers because of the leading part he took in the establishment of the Presbyterian church in this locality. A native of New Hampshire, born in 1816, he came to St. Joseph countj^ in the early thirties, while still a j^outh, and was thereafter reared, educated and trained to manly ways in the community in which he passed the balance of his life. When he came to Indiana all railroads were in their early infancy, and he passed through New York on his way westward, via the Erie canal. He lived, therefore, through a remarkable era of development, both for the east and west, of which latter section Indiana was a border state at the time of his coming to it.

When Joseph G. Bartlett arrived in South Bend he was already master of the baker's trade, and immediately proceeded to open a shop. He prospered in the undertaking, and added groceries to his bakery goods, the combination proving, in the after years, remarkably profitable. During his career as a merchant in these lines he received Myron Campbell into partnership, and for many years before his death he was placed among the leading business men and honorable, public spirited citizens of St. Joseph county. Quite early he built the present residence of the Bartlett family, its location then being at the head of Washington street.

Mr. Bartlett was married in New England to Elizabeth Springer, by whom he had four children - -William, Joseph, Anna and Charles, all natives of South Bend, where the wife died in 1861. In 1865 he married again, his second wife being Mrs. Sarah Wliittaker, and by this union had a son and a daughter - Harry H. and Mabel A. Both of these children were also born a^d reared in South Bend. Harry H. Bartlett is well known for his connection with the Singer Sewing Machine Company, and Mabel A. is a talented organist. The life of Joseph Greeley Bartlett is therefore very closely intertwined with the history of South Bend, considered from the standpoints of busin&ss, religious and family reasons.

During his long residence in South Bend Mr. Bartlett was among the most active leaders in the work of the Presbyterian church. He was long one of its most influential elders, helped to build its present house of worahip, and wais in every way among the most liberal contributors to its support and progress. He was an old-line Whig and Republican, and a member of the I. 0. 0. F. Energetic and conscientious in whatever field of activity he entered, endowed with great common sense and an unusual power for making and retaining friends, when death called him away at the comparatively early age of fifty-nine, the community deeply mourned, both because of close attachment to his personality and because he iseemed to be snatched away at the very height of his broad usefulness.

Charles Arthur Carlisle. The glory of our republic is the perpetuation of individuality and in according the utmost scope for individual accomplishment. Of America is the self made man a product, and the record of accomplishment in this individual sense is the record which the true and loyal American holds in the deepest regard and highest honor. From a poor lad Mr. Carlisle has alone made his way, step by step, until he won admittance to one of the greatest commercial institutions of the land.

He was born in Chillicothe, Ross county, Ohio, May 4, 1864, and was educated in the public schools of that city, but to his mother he gives all credit for her persevering private tutoring at home. Owing to financial reverses in the family, he began at a very early day to contribute financial support at home, his first work being as a clerk in a grocery store, after which he tried his hand at the dry goods business, but found both confining and not to his liking. He next entered the railway service, commencing as messenger boy for the Marietta & Cincinnati Railway, now the Baltimore & Ohio South- Avestern Railroad, at Chillicothe, Ohio. In 1884. however, he left the railway service and identified himself with journalistic work, becoming connected! with the Ohio State Journal, of Columbus. Ohio, a leading Republican paper. In the broad field of .journalism he came into contact with those who moulded public opinion, and from his association with public men his inspirations led him forward successfully into the great arena of public activity.

In 1886 Mr. Carlisle re-entered the railway service, determining upon a career in that great arm of commerce. Standing again upon the lowest round of the ladder, in a subordinate position with the local freight department of the Nickel Plate Railroad, the New York. Chicago & St. Louis Railroad, at Cleveland, Ohio, he passed successfully through various departments and in 1888 was elected to fill the very important posi- tiou of cashier of three joint stations. In the following- year he became the private secretary of the general manager of the Toledo & Ohio Central Railroad, at Toledo, Ohio. In 1890 he was made purchasingagent of the "Burke System" of railways, to which had been added the Toledo, Columbus & Cincinnati Railroad and the Kanawha Michigan Railroad.

Mr. Carlisle has recently been selected by the unanimous choice of the board of directors of the American Trust Company as its president. This is a new financial institution with a capital of two hundred thousand dollars and a surplus of fifty thousand, and which began business at South Bend about January 1, 1904. This institution, which ranks prominently among the foremost financial concerns of the state, is made up of the progressive element of this busy community, and numbers among its stockholders substantial, conservative leaders in modern and advanced methods, and who are prominent in civic, state and national affairs. He is a director of the Studebaker Brothers' ^Manufacturing Company, of South Bend, in charge of the purchasing department, the advertising department and the traffic department. He is the secretary of the South Bend Fuel and Gas Company, a director of the South Bend Malleable Iron Company and is prominently identified with many other extensive corporations.

Although Mr. Carlisle has no political aspirations and not seeking public favors, he has served as president of the Harrison Republican Club, the leading permanent Republican organization in St. Joseph county. He is vice-president of the National Association of Manufacturers, and, if the will of that organization had been heeded, he would doubtless have been at the head of the new Department of Commerce and Labor - with a seat in President Roosevelt's cabinet. He is a member of the executive committee of the Carriage Builders' National Association and is the vice-president for Indiana of the Scotch-Irish Society of America. He is also prominent in the great order of IMasonry, being a thirty-second degree Mason and A Shriner as well as a Knight Templar. He served for four years as a member of Governor ^Mount's military staff of Indiana, with the rank of lieutenant colonel, and when Governor W. T. Durbin came into office he

On the 17th of September, 1891, at South Bend, Mr. Carlisle was married to Miss Anna Studebaker, only daughter of Hon. and Mrs. Clement Studebaker. He has a beautiful summer home at Chautauqua, New York, where his summers are spent. He is a member of St. Paul's Methodist Episcopal church of South Bend, and takes a prominent interest in all the work of his church and is a member of its official board. He was an honored guest at the meeting- of the Gridiron CUub of Washington, D. C, at its banquet on January 31, 1903. His name has been enrolled in the great Guest Book of that world-famed organization, and will go down to posterity associated with the greatest and most brilliant of national leaders. Mr. Carlisle is also a member of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, of Philadelphia. Pennsjdvania ; the American Institute of Civics, of New York city; the Twentieth Century Club, of Chicago, Illinois; the Sphinx Club, of New York city, composed of only national advertisers; the Columbia Club, of Indianapolis, Indiana ; the Chicago Athletic Association, of Chicago, Illinois; the Indiana Club, of South Bend ; the Northern Indiana Historical Society, of South Bend ; and the Country Club, of St. Joseph Valley, of which he was its first president. He is a life member of the Scottish Patriotic Association, of Glasgow, Scotland, the object of which is the cultivation of the spirit of patriotism and the defense of Scotland's national rights. He is also chairman of the executive committee of the Associated Charities of South Bend, an association that devotes much time and attention to the poor as well as correcting the indulgences of evil in the community.

Charles G. Folsom is a man who has a remarkable record, and from the study of his life history one may learn valuable lessons. It illustrates in no uncertain manner what it is possible to accomplish when perseverance and determination form the keynote to a man's life. Depending upon his own resources, he has risen from comparative obscurity to a place of prominence in the commercial world.

Mr. Folsom was born in "Waterloo, Seneca county, New^ York, on the 2d of November, 1845. His father. Benjamin Folsom. was a native of Vermont and started upon his won- derful business career as a wagon maker. He subsequently rose to the position of a railroad contractor, and removing to New York in 1823 he became a personal friend of DeWitt Clinton, governor of that state. During his residence there he was one of the promoters of the Erie canal, also the builder and contractor for the first line of telegraph from Albany to Buffalo, this important work being completed on the 1st of November, 1845. He was then awarded many important contracts on the New York Central, the New York & Erie, the Michigan Central, the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy. the ^Michigan Southern and Northern Indiana railroads. He was afterwards with the New York & Erie, where he was the right-hand man for Jay Gould and Jim Fisk. Coming to South Bend, Mr. Folsom resided on a farm in the western part of the county until 1863. when he went to Detroit, Michigan, and constructed the Detroit City Railroad, in which he was a stockholder. The death of this great financier and business man occurred suddenly near Laporte, Indiana, while on a railroad journey from Chicago to the east. Mrs. Folsom bore the maiden name of Polly Sedgwick, and was a native of the state of New York, her people having been among the early settlers of the Mohawk valley.

Charles C Folsom, whose name introduces this review, received his early educational training in the schools of Adrian, Michigan, while later he became a pupil in the South Bend public schools. His first employment after completing his education was at the tinner's trade in Adrian, Michigan, later following the same occupation in Detroit, and in 1866 he came to South Bend. For some time after his arrival in this city he worked at his trade at St. Mary's, which was then built for the music hall, also assisting in the construction of the St. Joseph Academy of South Bend. In 1867 he removed to Champaign county, Illinois, where he was engaged in agricultural pursuits until 1872, when he returned to South Bend and started in business in a very small way at the tinner's trade. During the panic of 1873 he suffered in the general disaster, and he then removed to Rolling Prairie and was engaged in the hardware business for four years. Coming again to this city, Mr. Folsom became an employe of the Studebakers, Singler and Creviston in a hardware business, after which he was with the Miller Knobloek Company, and next with the Lake Shore Railroad Company. His present business was commenced by pushing a hand cart on the streets of South Bend and doing odd jobs at the tinner's trade, and from that time to the present, as the years have grown apace, his business has enlarged correspondingly until it now occupies a place among the leading industrial concerns of South Bend, and the name of the C. G. Folsom ^Manufacturing Company is well known throughout northern Indiana. The manufactory gives employment to fifty men and is a valuable adjunct to the business interests of the city. Mr. Folsom was the first manufacturer of rural mail boxes in the United States, and still continues in their construction, and in addition manufactures all kinds of sheet metal and structural iron work. As a man his business ability has been constantly manifested, showing unlimited possibilities, nothing too ^ great to grasp and master, and the extensive concern of which he is now the head is a monument to his w^onderful power.

Mr. Folsom married Miss Mary C. France, a daughter of Adam and Lydia France, of Rolling Prairie. They have five living children : Jonathan France, engaged in business with his father, Lydia ]\Iary, Emma Lou, Charles R. and Nadine. Mr. Folsom is an active worker in the ranks of the Republican party, and has been twice elected as a member of the city council, representing the fifth ward, which is one of the richest wards in the city, and is the present incumbent of the office. He is a member of Lodge No. 45 of the Masonic order, having been connected with that fraternity since 1871, and is also a member of the Chapter and Council, of which he is past high priest and a Knight Templar. He is vice-president of the County Humane Society.

F. A. Bryan. Rising above the heads of the mass are many men of sterling worth and value, who by sheer perseverance and determination, accompanied by unflagging effort, have risen from the ranks of the commonplace to eminence, and to occupy positions of respect and trust. Among this number may be mentioned F. A. Bryan, whose birth occurred in Carroll county, Ohio, on the 21st of December, 1867, his parents being John Henry and Anna (Azdell) Bryan, both natives of Ohio. The father, who was a well knowm business man, passed away in death in 1872.

State College, graduating in the engineering course in the latter institution. Thus having laid an excellent foundation for his future life work he became an employe as engineer of the Pennsylvania Railroad, the Edison General Electric Company and Michigan Central Railroad. In May, 1901, he came to South Bend in the capacity of manager of the South Bend Electric Company, which was formed in 1884, and he is also vice-president and general manager of the Elkhart Electrical Company, the St. Joseph and Elkhart Electric Company and the Berrien Springs Electric Company. These companies own practically the entire water power along the river, and are under the management of Mr. Bryan. Since assuming charge of these concerns they have been greatly developed and improved, for previous to that time they were purely lighting companies, while now the various corporations have secured rights and erected dams along the river, thus supplying practically all the power used by the smaller manufacturing companies in South Bend. Wires have also been placed underground, and the service in every way has been vastly improved, being now one of the best organized systems in the state. The company owns the Elkhart dam, the Twin Branch dam, the Buchanan dam and has commenced construction on the Berrien Springs dam, while in the near future they will have dams at the state line and Bristol, making six in all. It is a master mind that can plan, execute and control a large institution, and the gentleman who stands at its head well deserves to be ranked among the most prominent business men of his adopted city, where only ability of a very superior order is now recognized.

In 1896 Mr. Bryan was united in marriage to Estella McVicker. of Lisbon, Ohio. They are members of the Presbyterian church, and Mr. Bryan is also connected with the Country, Commercial and Indiana clubs.

Captain Edwin Nicar. Its mission fulfilled in the union of its warring factions by a bond of common humanity, and, in place of a demoralized trade, the substitution of a commercial growth unparalleled in the history of the world - the tragedy of the Civil war has become only an echo, a fading into historical mists of tented fields, glittering armaments, marching armies and waving banners. Individual experience alone keeps a vivid remembrance of the desolation and uncertainty, carnage and heroism, of the great

Yet among those who comprise the fastthinning ranks of veterans a difference exists in impressions, influence and etfect, and a perusal of the lives of these soldiers reveals stories of great human interest and import. To some the service was an episode, a fulfilment of duty as they saw it, and a subsequent return to accustomed tasks with little change save a broader conception of existence. To others the experience was a keynote, a magnet toward which seemed to gravitate their zealous youth, and which mastered and determined their entire future. In this class belongs Captain Edwin Nicar.

Edwin Nicar, who is connected with one of the largest corporations in northern Indiana, five Oliver Company, was born in St. Joseph county, on the 1st of January, 1840, a son of Robert B. and Mary E. (Lewellen) Nicar, both natives of Lynchburg, Virginia. In 1833 the father came to Mishawaka, Indiana, making the journey by team across the Allegheny mountains. There he followed his trade of a miller and millwright until 1851, when he was elected treasurer of St. Joseph county and thereafter made his home in South Bend. He held the office mentioned for five years, after which, until 1865, he was engaged in the hardware business in that city, ill health then necessitating his retirement from active work. His death occurred in the year named. The deceased was a Whig and afterwards a Republican and strongly opposed to slavery, this attitude being the principal reason which induced him to leave his native state. He was both honored and beloved among the early pioneers of St. Joseph county.

After completing his education in the public schools of South Bend, Edwin Nicar went to Wisconsin to live with relatives, and there remained for four years. Returning thence to South Bend he joined his father in the hardware business and thus continued until the outbreak of the Civil war, responding to the first call of 1861 and, as a member of Company B, Fifteenth Indiana Infantry, serving as a private and non-commissioned officer until November of that year. He was then made second lieutenant and in December, adjutant of the regiment with the rank of first lieutenant, while on the 26th of November, 1863, he was promoted to the rank of captain. He served in western Virginia, under Rosecrans and McClellan. and participated in the battle of Rich Mountain. This was followed by scouting duty during the summer months, when his command, under General J. J. Reynolds, repulsed the rebels under General Lee at Cheat Mountain. On the third of October, 1861, he took part in the battle of Green Briar, while in November following he was ordered to Louisville, Kentuck}', to join the army of General Buell, afterward organized as the Army of the Ohio and the Army of the Cumberland. In Februarv, 1862, a new division was formed commanded bj' Brigadier General Thomas J. Wood, and in that command ]\Ir. Nicar served until after the battle of Chiekamauga. He participated in the battles of Shiloh and Perry\ille and in numerous skirmishes, and was afterward in the fighting ranks at Stone River and Murfreesboro, in the latter engagement the fragment of a shell injuring his horse and wounding him in the ankle - the only wound he received during his entire army career. At this battle, also, his regiment suffered severely in killed and wounded, as it did in many other engagements. His brigade was the first to cross into Chattanooga and was left there as a garrison during the progress of the battle of Chiekamauga. Afterward the regiment was throAvn into Sheridan's division and took part in the battle of Missionary Ridge, where it lost one hundred and ninetynine out of three hundred and thirty-four engaged. Captain Nicar. then on staff duty, was with General Wagner during the Atlanta campaign, and in May, 1864, took part in the battles of Rocky Face Ridge. Dalton. Adairsville and Kenesaw Mountain, after which he rejoined his regiment, which had been ordered home on account of the expiration of ser\dce, and was mustered out at Indianapolis, on the 25th of June, 1864. His military career is one which will ever redound to his honor as a loj^al and brave son of the republic, and as one whose courage was founded on the rock of his convictions.

Returning at once to South Bend, Captain Nicar remained with his father in the hardware business until 1865, when he was admitted to a partnership, continuing to conduct the establishment after his father's death, or until 1875, when for four years he assumed the responsible duties of clerk of the circuit court. He then entered the employ of the Oliver Chilled Plow Works, with which corporation he has ever since continued.

In 1884 Captain Nicar was married to Miss Cora A. Beckwith, of Michigan, and they have two sons - Edwin B. and Philip L. Locally Mr. Nicar has held not a few positions of responsibility. He reorganized the volunteer fire department of South Bend and was its chief from 1873 to 1876. In 1902 he was appointed minority member of the board of public works, and, whether as an official or a private citizen has always done his full share in advancing the best interests of his home city. In his fraternal connections he is a member of the Masonic order, the Grand Army of the Republic, the Indiana Commandery of the Loyal Legion and Auten Post of South Bend, No. 8. Captain Nicar 's character and personality are as well known in South Bend as are his services in behalf of the Union. Kindly in manner, obliging at home and abroad, always ready to do a good turn for those less fortunate than himself, he embodies many excellencies of mind and heart, and enjoys the appreciation and good will of all.

Samuel A. Hilleer. For many years an active factor in the industrial interests of South Bend, Samuel A. Hillier, through his diligence, perseverance and business ability, acquired a handsome competence, and also contributed to the general prosperity through the conduct of a large enterprise, for until his death he was the leading lumber merchant of South Bend. His birth occurred in Burlington, New Jersey, October 30, 1850. His father, Richard Hillier, was a native of England, and after coming to America became an extensive shoe manufacturer of Burlington, New Jersey, where he was also extensively engaged in the real estate business. In Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, he was married to Francis Stoll, who was born in Switzerland, but came to America when a child and was reared in the east. They became the parents of nine children, four sons and five daughters, of whom Samuel A. was the youngest in order of birth, and all grew to years of maturity.

After attaining to manhood's estate Samuel A. Hillier left his native city of Burlington and came to South Bend, being a lad of eighteen years of age when he arrived in this city, his only capital being his willing hands and willing heart. During a period of two years he was employed as a contractor, after which he launched out into the lumber business, organizing what is now known as the Indiana Lumber and Manufacturing Com- pany, and when death cut short his busy and useful life he was serving as its manager. In other fields of endeavor he also directed his energies, and his wide counsel and sound judgTiient contributed to the success of one of the leading concerns of the city. He erected his beautiful residence at 1104 South Michigan street, and also owned many dwellings at one time, in addition to valuable farming land.

On the 8th of February, 1872, Mr. Hillier was united in marriage to Martha E. Elder, who was born in South Bend on the 9th of January, 1851, her father, John Elder, having been numbered among the early pioneers of the city. He was born in Scotland November 11, 1808, and in 1838 came to America, locating first in Buffalo. New York, where he followed his trade of tailoring. In 1839 he came to South Bend, and in 1847 purchased a small farm on South Michigan street, which is now a very valuable property. His political support was given to the Whig party, and he was one of the best known men in the city of South Bend in an early day. In 1842 Mr. Elder married Emily A. Sweet, a native of Connecticut, and they became the parents of nine children, five sons and four daughters, namely : Robert and Alexander, deceased ; John W. ; Mary A. Whitten ; William A., Martha E. ; Amanda A. Williams; Sidney; and Harriet E., deceased, all of whom were born, reared and educated in South Bend. The loving husband and father died on the 7th of October, 1895. Unto Mr. and :\Irs. Hillier were born six children: Ada A.; Edith E., the wife of H. C. Kreighbaum, of Tulley, New York ; Forest, treasurer of the Indiana Lumber Company ; Glenn, a resident of Salt Lake City, Utah ; Samuel Dale ; and Martha Francis. Mr. Hillier held membership relations with the Royal Arcanum, and was also a member of the First Methodist Episcopal church, in which he was an active worker and a generous contributor. His political affiliations were with the Republican party, and he was one of the active temperance workers of the community. Death came to him while with his wife at Kingston, Ontario, whither he had gone to take a long needed rest, at the age of fifty-two year-s, when one more name was added to the list of honored dead whose earthly records closed with the words, "Well done, thou good and faithful servant."

point being Portland, Maine, for an absence of two months. They left the train at Kingston, intending to take a boat for a trip down the St. Lawrence river to Montreal, Canada, and to there resume the journey by rail to Portland. Mr. Hillier had been in poor health resulting from heart troubles and when they arrived at Kingston Tuesday night he became very ill. A number of telegrams regarding his condition were sent to South Bend and on Thursday his son. Forest, and daughter. Miss Ada, were summoned.

]\Ir. Hillier was one of South Bend's best known citizens. He was an excellent business man, a man of high character and one who made and kept friends.

F. C. Winkler. During a long period the name of F. C. Winkler has been prominently identified with the business interests of St. Joseph county, and as the president of the Winkler Brothers Manufacturing Company he is too well known to need introduction to the readers of this volume. A native son of South Bend, his natal day was the 10th of July, 1854, and he is a worthy representative of the sturdy sons of the fatherland, his father, Charles Winkler, being a native of Darmstadt, Germany. When eighteen years of age he left his little home across the sea and came to America, but three j^ears later returned to his native land, where he spent one year, thence coming again to this country and locating in South Bend. About 1856 he removed to Ohio, which continued as his home until 1862, and in that year returned to South Bend. During his residence in Ohio he was employed as a merchant, but on his return to Cass county, Michigan, he engaged in agricultural pursuits, thus continuing until his removal to St. Joseph county, Indiana, in 1891. Again he returned to South Bend, and is yet an honored resident in this city. In his native land Mr. Winkler married Barbara Brickman, a native also of Germany, and her death occurred when she had reached the age of sixty-eight years. In their family were six children, four sons and two daughters, all of whom grew to years of maturity and were an honor to the honored name.

F. C. Winkler, the eldest child in order of birth, was reared on a farm in Michigan, receiving his elementary education in its common schools and completing his training in Notre Dame University. He learned the wagon and carriage builders' trade at Niles, Michigan, and in 1877. with his bz^other Len- hart, engaged in the manufacturing business at what is known as Tjrutt Corners in Cass county, but three years later removed to South Bend and resumed their manufacturing, while in addition they also added the grocery, coal and wood business, admitting Charles H. Winkler to the partnership. The brother Lenhart died about 1897. After a time the grocery, coal and wood departments were abandoned, and in 1902 the firm was incorporated as the Winkler Brothers Manufacturing Company, with F. C. Winkler, president; C. H. Winkler, vice-president; William Knoblock, treasurer, and John G. Grimm, secretary, these gentlemen also constituting the board of directors. In this large manufactory are constructed business and delivery wagons of every description, and their plant has been constantly enlarged to meet the growing demands of the trade.

On the 6th of May, 1879, Mr. Winkler was united in marriage to Emma Jane Gardner, and their five children are Sada B., Jenevieve, Alfreda, Frederick Charles and Harold. Ever since attaining to years of maturity Mr. Winkler has taken an active part in the public affairs of his community, and has long been accounted one of the prominent and progressive citizens of South Bend, affiliating with the Democratic party. He has earned for himself an enviable reputation as a careful man of business, always loiown for his prompt and honorable methods of dealing, which have won the deserved and unbounded confidence of his fellow men. The family affiliate with the Catholic church, and he is also a member of the Knights of Columbus and St. Paul's Benevolent Society.

John C. Wagner, who is now living retired from the active duties and cares of life, enjoying the fruits of his years of toil in the past, was born in Peru, La Salle county, Illinois, on the 11th of September, 1849. His father, John C. Wagner, a native of Prussia, Germany, came to America with his parents when about seventeen years of age, and after a residence in Maryland for a short time the family came to St. Joseph county in 1831. At that time John C. Wagner, Sr., entered the property which afterward became the county poor farm, on the Michigan road, which he owned and operated for about ten years, when he sold it and purchased the present Stover farm. At that time the property was owned by B. A. Birdsell, and Mr. Wagner gubsequently disposed of it to Jacob Stover, father of Ex-Treasurer George H. Stover. Moving thence to Mishawaka, he organized the first brewery in St. Joseph county, located on the present site of the Baker Wagon Works, but after conducting this for several years the brewery was converted into a furniture factory. For a short time thereafter Mr. Wagner was a resident of Illinois, and returning to South Bend formed what is now known as the Kamm & Shellingar Brewery Company, which he conducted from 1849 until 1868. In the latter year he sold his interest therein and retired from the active cares of a business life, his death occurring when he had reached the age of eighty-two years. His name was inscribed high on the roll of St. Joseph county's honored pioneers, and he performed well his part in the further development of the community. Mrs. Wagner, who bore the maiden name of Barbara Meyer, was a native of Alsace, France, now a part of Germany, and was there reared and educated. Coming to America with her parents, the family home was first established in Ohio, but later in St. Joseph county, Indiana, and she lived to the age of seventy years. In the family of Mr. and Mrs. Wagner were two children, the sister of our subject being Rocelia, the wife of John Good, of Denver, Colorado.

John C. Wagner, the younger of the two children, was born during the sojourn of his parents in La Salle county, and when less than a year old they returned to St. Joseph county and he was educated in the schools of Mishawaka and the University of Notre Dame, in the latter institution taking the commercial course, while his preceptor in mathematics was Judge Howard, the editor of this work. During the long period of nineteen years Mr. Wagner was proprietor of the Union House, and although retired from its active management, still owns the building in which it is located, on the corner of Michigan and Center streets. He also owns a business block at the corner of Main street and La Salle avenue, as well as the commodious home at 521 North Main street, in which he lives. A Democrat in his political affiliations, from 1884 until 1892 he was very active in the political affairs of his community, having served as both city and county chairman and as a member of the State Central Committee of the Democratic party.

seph eouuty. Six children have been born of this union, three sons and three daughters : J. Edward, of Chicago; Eba B., at home; Catharine B., wife of John Blakley, of South Bend; and Ada, Lulu and Fred, all at home. Father Joseph Schp:rer. C. S. C. pastor of St. Mary's church in South Bend, was born in Zunsweir, Grand Duchy of Baden, Germany, July 15, 1850. When but five years of age he came with his parents to the United States, the family tirst locating in Pennsylvania, but in 1866 moved to Portsmouth, Ohio, and in June, 1873, the son Joseph came to Notre Dame to pursue his studies. His work therein was pursued thoroughly and diligently, and on the 21st of June, 1875, he entered the novitiate, but just one year later, on the 23d of June, 1876, he became a professor of the college. In 1880, by Rt. Rev. Dwenger, Father Scherer was ordained to the ministry, and from that time until 1887 served as president of St. Isidor's College at New Orleans. In that year he was made pastor of the Sacred Heart church, New Orleans, Louisiana, and in 1890 Avas called to St. ]\Iary's Academy as its chaplain. In 1897 Father Scherer was transferred to Notre Dame as assistant superior of the community house and pastor of the congregation, but in the following year he was sent to Cincinnati, Ohio, as president of St. Joseph College. Returning again to Notre Dame in 1904, Father Scherer was appointed superior of the community house, and upon the death of Rev. Father Johannes, C. S. C, was appointed his successor at St. Mary's church, where he has since been active in the continuance of the work to which he dedicated his life when in the prime of his earlj' manhood. His influence has been far-reaching and beneficial, his power in his holy office having been exerted in a spirit of deepest human sympathy and tender solicitude and his efforts have been abundantly blessed.

Rev. a. M. Just, C. S. C, pastor of the Sacred Heart church of South Bend, was born in Harlange, Grand Duchy of Luxemberg. May 27, 1880. His elementary education was received in the Atheneum of Luxemberg, but when fifteen years of age, in 1895, he went to Paris, France, and studied in the University of Angers. In 1902 he began his travels over the eastern country, visiting Rome, Bengal, where he remained for two years, and other points in Asia. On account of ill health he then came to America, where he entered the Washington Catholic University, and was ordained priest on the 2d of August, 1906. On the 6th of October, 1906, Father Just was appointed the successor of Rev. P. P. Klein as pastor of the Sacred Heart church of South Bend, where he ministers to a congregation of one hundred and five families.

Rev. a. Zubowicz, C. S. C. For many years Rev. Zubowicz has been one of the most efficient laborers in the cause of Christianity, and, a strong and forcible speaker, earnest and eloquent in the presentation of the truth, his efforts have been abundantly blessed. He was born in Poland jNIarch 4, 1860, and in his native country received an excellent academic and classical education. After coming to America in 1882 he still continued his search for knowledge by his matriculation in Notre Dame University, where he was subsequently graduated. For a time thereafter he was assistant pastor at St. Hed wig's and had charge of the schools for twelve years. He was instrumental in the building of the St. Casimir church and school, but subsequently left that charge and assumed the directorship of the St. Hedwig's school, where he remained until 1902. In that year he was called back to his former charge at St. Casimir, where he has ever since been the loved pastor. He organized the parish and all the societies connected with the church, and was also special missionary to the Tarakopa congregation at Rolling Prairie, Indiana. Rev. Zubowicz has been an indefatigable worker in the interests of his people, and in addition to the building up of his own charge he was also instrumental in the organization of the St. Casimir parish in South Bend, which under his able ministrations has increased from a population of two hundred and eighty families to five hundred and twenty-five families. He is a member of the C. S. C. order. He is thoroughly earnest and sincere in all his thoughts, words and deeds, and his noble, manly life has proved an inspiration to many of his associates.

Rev. Samuel Beck. During many years Rev. Beck has been an efficient laborer in the cause of Christianity in northern Indiana in the Methodist Episcopal church, and has the honor of having served in its conference more years than any minister now living in the county. His birth occurred in Wayne county, Indiana, November 3, 1832, a son of William Beck, who was born in Darke county, Ohio, in 1809. His father was Samuel Beck, a na- tive of the Old Dominion state of Virginia and of German descent, and in a very early day he removed with his family to Wayne county, Indiana, becoming a resident of the commonwealth ere its admittance to statehood. His son William was but a lad at the time of the removal of the family to Wayne county, receiving his education in its primitive pioneer schools, and in later life became a prosperous and well known farmer. In 1849 he removed to Putnam county, Indiana, where he devoted the remainder of his life to agricultural pursuits and died at the age of sixty-four years. Mr. Beck married Catherine Nethercutt, a native of Virginia and the daughter of Moses and Christena Nethercutt, who in a very early day moved from the Old Dominion on horseback to Ohio, carrying their little daughter in their laps. Later they continued the journey to Wayne county, Indiana, where Mrs. Beck grew to years of maturity, and subsequently the family moved to Putnam county. There, on November 26, 1858, and at the age of forty-five years, she died. The Nethercutt family was of German and English descent. Mr. and Mrs. Beck became the parents of nine children, but only three are now living, namely: M. M., who served as captain of the Eighteenth Indiana Battery during the Civil war, and is now editor of the Holton County Recorder and Tribune at Holton, Kansas; Samuel, whose name introduces this review, and David D., who is now serving as postmaster at Scott, Kansas. He was also a member of the Eighteenth Indiana Battery during the Civil war.

The boyhood days of Rev. Samuel Beck were spent on a farm in Wayne county, Indiana, where he attended its common schools during the fall and winter seasons, and when sixteen years of age went to Putnam county, this state, with his parents, but previous to this time he had taught one term of school in Wayne county. During the winter of 1849- 50 he taught in the schools of Putnam county, continuing the dual occupation of teaching and farming for twelve years. From his youth Rev. Beck possesed a deeply religious nature, and as he grew older the meaning and responsibilities of, life wore a yet graver aspect for him, finally leading him into the ministry of the Methodist Episcopal church in 1858, while in 1864 he entered the Northwest Indiana Conference, his first appointment being at Covington, Indiana. During his subsequent years in the ministry he was.

stationed at Attica, Crawfordsville, Green Castle, Florenton, Terre Haute and Brazil, and at this time was made a presiding elder of the Frankfort district, thus continuing for four years. During the following three years he was stationed at Asbury, Terre Haute, after which he served six years in the La Porte district, residing at South Bend, Indiana. Subsequently for a similar period he served as the presiding elder of the Valparaiso district, closing his term of service there in 1902, and w^as then appointed corresponding secretary of the Preachers' Aid Society, while in addition and by request of the Quarterly Conference he is serving as associate pastor of the First Methodist Episcopal church of South Bend. He has for a number of years been permanently located in this city, where he owns his own pleasant residence and other property, including four houses which he rents.