Fillmore County, Minnesota - The whole text, 1912 (part 13 of 20)

Engeber Luroas was born in Tin, Tellmarken, Norway, in the year 1817, and about the year 1840 was married to Halvor G. Séum. Like many others who were ambitious to better their condition, they started in 1842 for America, bringing with them their little boy. The vessel was ill-fated, for thirteen of those on board died and were buried at sea. Among the thirteen were Halvor Séum, and two children, one of whom was boru on board ship. Thus alone, a stranger in a strange land, Engeber Séum came to Milwaukee, Wis., in the fall of 1842, after a voyage of eighteen weeks, fraught with perils and death. Milwaukee was thriving. It then contained three log houses and a goodly number of shanties. Neighbors were few and all were very poor. Times were oppressive and the conventions of society, such as we know today, were oft times set aside. This was the case with Ole Hellickson and Engeber Séum, for after only a few weeks of mourning they were married, in the fall of 1842. Their home was a kindly shelter for many a stranger needing the assistance of friends. In the year 1849, when the cholera raged so mercilessly through our fair land, the home of Ole and Engeber Hellickson was a veritable refuge in a death-stricken land, offering shelter to the sick and dying and showing the last respects to the dead. The hands smoothed the pathway to many dying ones in that terrible scourge, for of all the inhabitants who suffered from that fatal disease only two survived in the Milwaukee settlement, Mrs. Mathew Hellickson and one other. '*A friend in need is a friend indeed,'' and such this worthy couple proved themselves to be. But the spirit of unrest again came upon these good people, and again they took their mareh toward the setting sun. May 27, 1854, they started with their six children, in company with Mathew Hellickson (his wife and three children), Ole Halling (his wife and three children), Peter Olson (wife and three children) ; also the mother of Mrs. Mathew Hellickson and Mrs. Ole Halling, and another aged lady, whose name the writer was unable to obtain. There were no railroads west of Chicago at that time and the journey must be made with oxen as the propelling power. Slowly but surely they came, and on June 24, 1854, they arrived in Spring Valley, Minn. Although now a beautiful village of over 2,000 inhabitants, on June 24, 1854, it hoasted of one lonely log cabin oceupied by a Mr. Huntley. July 16, 1854, these sturdy men from tle Northland dvew their prairie schooners upon the farms given them by the government. Again they took up the burdens, dangers and hardships, of early pioneers. Here they lived, provided as very hest they eould for their families, grew old, far beyond the allotted time of man, and died loved, honored and renowned for those sterling qualities which made them what God intended: '*Honest men, the noblest work of God.'' These men saw the rolling prairies of Fillmore county turn black with the march of civilization, then green again with grains and grasses, making Fillmore county one of the richest in the state. Ole Hellickson had said one day while choosing his farm, in company with his companions: ''Boys, there will be a railroad through here some day.'' They all lived to see one twelve miles to the south, another five miles to the north, and Ole Hellickson's farm divided by one. Ole Hellickson was the last of a large family of children. We had two wives, thirteen children (six of whom still survive him), twenty-eight grandchildren and thirteen great-grandchildren. Mathew Hellickson died November 28, 1897; Ole Hellickson died April 16, 1902; Ole Halling died April 21, 1902; Engeber Hellickson died September 12, 1902.

son; Julia is now Mrs. A. BE. Aarnes; Anna married Hans Halla, now deceased; H. C., A. H. and llsie now reside on the home farm. The name of Ole Hellickson, like that of his brother, Matthew W., will ever be held steadfast in the history of Fillmore county. He was always ready to assist in everything which was for the betterment and advancement of town and county, and was interested in every movement which had for its object the advantage or prosperity of his fellow citizens. His good deeds are written on the hearts of his associates, and his memory will ever be cherished not only by his own descendants but also by the descendants of his friends. His death was sineerely mourned and left a heartfelt vacancy in the community. Too much praise cannot be given such men as Mr. Hellickson. Through diseouragements and untoward circumstances he was even tempered and ever cheerful. It is pleasing to record that he lived to see his hopes realized, and after years of toil he was rewarded with comfort and prosperity in full measure.

William T. Hart, one of the prominent citizens of Newburg, was born in Fayette county, Iowa, in 1857, son of Harvey and Mary (Bates) Hart. In 1865 he was taken by his parents to Lansing, Iowa, and there obtained his early schooling. He was Yariously engaged until 1880, when he came to Harmony, and for four year's spent his time as a grain buyer. Then he moved to Mabel, and lived there until 1908, when he moved to his farm in section twenty-seven, Newburg, where he still resides. He has a fine home, with spacious outbuildings, surrounded by a well ewtivated farm of 120 aeres. He married Harriet, the daughter of D. B. and Rhoda (Gates) Taylor, and they have three children: Grant T., Bernie and William. My. Hart is an excelent type of the modern farmer. Well informed and well read, he has kept well abreast of the trend of modern thought, and is a thorough believer in the future of the rural districts of Minnesota. The subject of this sketch comes of a pioneer race. His father, Harvey Hart, accompanied his parents from Utica, Oneida county, N. Y., to Boone county, Iowa, in 1838. In 1855 Harvey moved to West Union, Iowa, and in 1865 to Lansing, Iowa, where he spent the remainder of his days, passing away in 1882.

M, J. Stevens is now residing on section sixteen, township of Fountain, where he first saw the light of day, June 17, 1871, son of Edward and Bridget (Barrett) Stevens, natives of County Mayo, Ireland. The former was born in 1831 and came to the United States with his parents in 1847, locating first in Onondaga county, New York, and later, in 1853, moving to Joe Daviess county, Illinois. The following year, Edward, the son, came to

Minnesota and settled in Fountain, and at the outbreak of the Civil War enlisted in the regular army, Fourth Regiment, United States Heavy Artillery. This regiment was first sent west to the frontier, and later, in April, was ordered to Washington, and passed through Baltimore the day before the riot there. Mr. Stevens served out his enlistment and was discharged March 29, 1864, at Stephenson, Ala. An interesting item is that the commander of this regiment, Major Pemberton, resigned his position, as his sympathies were with the South, and later became a major-general in the Confederate Army. After Mr. Stevens was discharged from his duties in the army, he was appointed by the government to take charge of a horse corral in Nashville, Tenn., which furnished horses for the army, and in this work he remained until the close of the war, after which he returned to Minnesota and bought a farm in Fountain township, where he was engaged in agricultural pursuits until 1899, then moving into Fountain village, where he resides at present. M. J., his son, attended school when a boy in district seventy-six, and grew to manhood on the home farm. He married Laura Pfremmer, a native of this county, and their children are Joseph M., William J. and Frances L. The home farm, which Mr. Stevens operates, comprises 200 acres of well cultivated soil. He makes a specialty of raising Duroc-Jersey hogs, and carries on general. farming. His dwelling house is large and comfortable and the outbuildings are well cared for and convenient, an evidence of the industry of their owner.

Martin Oswald was born at Stavanger, Norway, July 8, 1861, son of Rasmus and Annie Oswald. In 1879 he left his home in Norway and crossed the ocean to seek his fortune in the United States. Landing at Boston, he soon after started west and settled first in Story county, Iowa, where he worked for a year, then going to Winneshiek county, where he was employed for a similar length of time. At the end of that time he came to Minnesota. After working out and saving his hard earned cash for several years, he bought 160 acres in section twenty-nine, York township, where he has made many improvements, now carrying on general farming and dairying. He prefers Shorthorn cattle for dairy purposes and sells cream to the Chester Creamery, being a stockholder in that organization. He also raises many Chester- White hogs, for which he realizes the best of market prices. Mr. Oswald supports the Prohibitionist party's principles, and has served his community as road overseer. He is secretary of the Bethlehem Lutheran church and he has been a deacon for ten years. He married Mary Ammunson November 7, 1889, and to them have been born five children: Anna is in Dakota; Olga is at Lime Springs; Lena is the wife of Lawrence Jacobson, of Jewel, Iowa; Mamie and Clara are at home. Mrs. Oswald's parents, Amund and Mary Amundson, were natives of Norway and spent their lives in that country.

Ole Applen, well known resident of York township, was born in Bristol, Minn., June 20, 1866, son of Easton Applen, who came to this county in 1862, and ended his days on his farm in section twenty-six, York township. Ole was educated in the common schools and after completing his studies learned the blacksmith's trade, working for about six years in Lime Springs, Jowa. He then went to LeRoy, where he was employed at his trade for one year, after which he returned to York and opened a shop which he continues to operate. In 1901 he purchased eighty acres of land, to which he has added as prosperity has afforded until he now has 160 acres. He rents a greater portion of his land and devotes most of his time to following his trade, driving each day from his home on the farm to the shop. Mr. Applen adheres to the Republican party, but has progressive views. He has been town treasurer for two years and he is also treasurer of the school board. On May 1, 1893, he married Emma Torgerson, and they are the parents of nine children: Arthur, Alice, Cora, Edith, Winnie, Olive, Irving Theodore, Lily Pearl and Goldie May, who are all at home. The family faith is that of the Lutheran church, and Mr. Applen is a liberal contributor to the, support of this organization.

Andrew O, Wang, retired farmer and one of Fillmore county's substantial and representative citizens, living in Carrolton township, was born at Hadeland, Norway, September 27, 1835, there received his education and there lived until eighteen years of age. In 1853, together with his mother and brother Ole, he came to America and settled in Wyota county, Wisconsin, where he secured employment in a harness shop for a short time. Later he went to work for farmers in that vicinity, and still later hired out to a farmer in Jowa county for but $8.00 per month. His frugal habits and desire to get a start in life enabled him to save from his small earnings, and in June, 1857, he came to Minnesota and located in Hartland township, Freeborn county, where he took a claim and helped to organize the township. He broke seven acres of land on his claim, built a log house, made up 1,000 rails and sufficient posts, and fenced twenty acres. The following spring he broke five acres more and seeded the twelve acres which he broke, but owing to the heavy rains and a nonproductive crop he reaped no benefits. In July, 1858, he came to Fillmore county and secured employment at Richland Prairie,,

Amherst township, where he worked for a farmer until fall, thus earning money enough to pay up the debts which he had acerned while on his claim in Freeborn county. He then went to Wisconsin and remained one winter. Returning to his claim in Freeborn county the following spring, he discovered that his log house had been moved and that his claim had been jumped by another party. He then returned to Fillmore county and took a railroad elaim in section thirty-one, Holt township, where he engaged in general farming. In 1864 he was drafted for the Civil War, but, feeling that he could render better service by staymg at home with his wife and looking after the affairs of his farm, he hired a substitute. This proved another financial misfortune in Mr. Wang's life, as he paid $950.00 to the substitute before the matter was settled. Mr. Wang remained on his farm in Holt township until 1866. During that year he purchased land in section twenty-five, Carrolton township, making it suitable for.oceupation while living on another farm. In 1868 he moved to his land on which he had erected a substantial log house. In 1884 the log house was replaced by a fine frame dwelling in which he lives at the present time. Mr. Wang was married July 22, 1862, to Martha Trulson, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Ole Trulson. She proved a most worthy and devoted helpmate, and died April 28, 1904. As Mr. and Mrs. Wang were never blessed with. any children of their own, they adopted a small girl, Lovise, and reared her to womanhood. She married Fred Larson, and they are the parents of five children: Gordon, Myrtle, Clarence, Frances and Delia. At the time of her marriage Mr. Wang presented her with the farm, continuing, however, to niake his home with her and her family. During the active years Mr. Wang occupied several offices of trust and honor in his townslup. He is a member of the Lutheran chureh at Lanesboro and contributes liberally to its support.

Henry Applen, a prosperous farmer of York township, was born in this township June 20, 1868, son of Easton and Agnes Applen. When a boy he attended the district school and assisted his father with the farm work, remaining at home until he became nineteen years of age. Then he started for himself and was employed by various farmers in the locality. He eventually bought the old homestead, which he operated for one year, and then sold, after which he went to Howard county, Iowa, where, in company with others, he purchased a half section of land. He lived there for seven years, then returned to Minnesota and bought the farm of 380 acres which he occupies at the present time. Together with conducting general farming, Mr. Applen keeps about forty cows for dairy purposes and disposes of cream to the Chester Creamery. Ile also raises good horses for general farm work, and Chester-White hogs. Politically, he affiliates with the Republican party, though he has not sought publie office. Mr. Applen married Hattie Hovey in December, 1895, and they have seven children: Easton, Josie, Agnes, Clara, Hazel, Gladys and Geneva, who are all at home. The family attends the Lutheran church.

H. O. Laastuen, one of the early settlers of Fillmore county, was born in Naas, Hallingdahl, Norway, February 27, 1836, son of Ole K. Laastuen. He brought his wife and daughter Sarah to America in 1860, and worked in Amherst township, this county, for a period of four years, after which he came to Carrolton township and purehased a farm in section thirty-five. He married Margit Knudsen, and to them seven children have been born: Bergit (deceased), Sarah, Olava, Betsy, Carl, Nettie and Anton. Sarah is now Mrs. Nels Storelee; Olava is now Mrs. E. Johnson; Betsy is the widow of John Olstad; Carl married Gea Olstad; Caroline married Andrew G. Austin, and died in 1909; Nettie is now Mrs. Andrew Holman. Mr. Laastuen has twenty-seven grandchildren and two great-grandchildren.

Andrew G. Austin, respected citizen of Carrolton, was born in the township where he still resides, September 11, 1864, son of Gunder and Martha Austin. He grew to manhood on his father's farm and went to the district sehool. Later he bought a farm in section thirty-five, Carrolton township, and to this has added from time to time, now owning 238 aeres, nearly all under cultivation, on which he raises general crops and blooded stock.

Jule Skarie, deceased, was born in Hadeland, Norway, February 16, 1831, and in that country was educated and reared. In 1848 he came to America and located in Racine, Wis., where he learned the carpenier's trade. Later he went to Chicago and was employed in a sash and blind factory, after which he loeated in Milwaukee. Deciding there were better opportunities for him further west, he moved to Decorah, Towa, and there assisted in erecting the first frame building in the town, and furnished its sash and blinds. In 1855, with Captain Grinager, he set out on foot for Winnebago county, there hoping to locate a desirable claim. In this venture he was disappointed, so he returned to Decorah and there bought a lot and erected a store, which he rented. In 1856 Mr. Skarie came to Fillmore county and the following year located on section one, Carroltown township, there building a log house, which was later replaced by a frame dwelling, In 1886 he removed to section twenty-tivo, and there erected a substantial briek residence, in which he made his home until 1892, during which year he moved to Lanesboro. Mr. Skarie was married in Decorah to Sille Linnevold, and their children are Henry, a widower residing at Hetting, N. D.; Julia, the wife of 8. A. Nelson, deceased; Carl E., Oscar A. and William M., farmers, residing in Carrolton. On December 20, 1903, Mr. Skarie passed away, and his widow resides with her son Oscar in Carrolton township. Carl E. bought the old homestead in the spring of 1901 and is now engaged in general farming there.

Gunder Austin was born in Hougesond, Norway, and was there married. About 1856 he and his good wife Martha came to America. For two years they resided in Illinois, after which they moved to Holt township, Minnesota, and there spent a year with Mrs. Austin's father, J. N. McCarlson, later purchasing a farm of 120 aeres in seetion thirty-five, Carrolton. They lived many years in a log cabin which they found on the place, and here six of their children were born. In 1875 Mr. and Mrs. Austin moved to Newburg township, where they still reside. He has made many improvements and during the year of 1895 erected the dwelling in which he and his family now reside. Mr. Austin affiliates with the Republican party and has been elected to serve as township supervisor and assessor, and as school treasurer. He was married February 10, 1889, to Caroline Laastuen, and they have five children: Mamie, born June 2, 1894; Alpha, January 8, 1896 (died December 20, 1902) ; Gordon, October 9, 1898; Arthur, May 18, 1901; and Alvin, June 7, 1904. Mr. Austin died February 22, 1909. The family faith is that of the United Lutheran church.

Carl E. Skarie was born August 16, 1860, in Carrolton township, and there spent the years of his boyhood, receiving his education in the school of district fifty-nine and working on the farm. At the age of twenty-one years he went to North Dakota, where he remained twenty years, acquiring in time 480 acres of land. In 1900 he returned to his old home in Carrolton, where he now owns 200 acres of well cultivated land. A Republican in politics, he has been supervisor of his township; a Lutheran in religion, he has been treasurer of the Lone Tree church three years. While in North Dakota he married Christine Hemmings0n, & native of Denmark, and they have four children: Julius H., who is farming with his father, married Clara Sorum; Herman C. is in the banking business at Wildrose, N. D., and married Cora Boyd; Robert and an unnamed infant are dead. In the Skarie home is an adopted daughter, IJazel 8. Melger. Julia Stromma, who was also reared in their home, married John Norby, and has two children.

Mrs. Minnie C. Fairbanks, a resident of Lanesboro, was born in Prussia, Germany, daughter of Godfrey and Christine (Galtz) Marotz, who brought her to America in 1858, when she was eight years of age, settling in Rock Island county, Illinois. Coming to Canton township, this county, in 1856, and settling in the southeastern part of the town, they engaged in farming, the mother dying in 1858 and the father in 1897. Minnie was married in 1865 to Edward Morrey, and to them was born Benjamin, who now resides in Minneapolis. In 1873 Mrs. Minnie Morrey married Daniel N. Fairbanks, and to them was born one child, Cora, who married Edmund Crippen. They reside in Austin, Minn., and are the parents of three children: Donald, Curtis and Dorothy. Mr. and Mrs. Fairbanks lived many years in Amherst, where Mr. Fairbanks carried on farming. In 1890 they moved to Lanesboro, where Mr. Fairbanks engaged in the grain business. He was a man who took an active interest in the affairs of his town and county, serving as a member of the board of county commissioners and holding many offices in Amherst township, always fillmg the same with credit to himself and with satisfaction to his fellow men. His death, which occurred in 1896, was mourned by a large circle of friends and acquaintances. Mrs. Fairbanks proved a very efficient helpmate in all his undertakings. She now resides in the village of Lanesboro, encireled by a large number of friends and acquaintances.

Harriet E. Fairbanks, widow of John H. Fairbanks, now residing in Lanesboro, was born in Orange county, New York, daughter of William and Rosanna (Brundage) Kimber, also born in that county, the father being a farmer. In 1843 they came west to Janesville, Rock county, Wis., and there made their home for several years. In 1854, when Minnesota was yet a territory, they came to this county and preémpted a homestead on section eighteen, Amherst township, where he engaged in farming. In 1875, they sold and moved to Burr Oak, Winneshiek county, Iowa, where the wife and mother died, July 8, 1891, after which Mr. Kimber made his home with his daughter, Mrs. Fairbanks, in Amherst township. He died in 1904, in Winneshiek county, Iowa. Harriet E. Kimber and John H. Fairbanks were united in marriage in 1860, and took up their home on a farm in Amherst township just west of the Kimber farm, where they lived until 1866, when they moved to another farm in Amherst township, where Mr. Fairbanks followed agricultural pursuits until 1895. That year they removed to Lanesboro village, where Mrs. Fairbanks still resides, Mr. Fairbanks having passed away in 1904. Mr. and Mrs. Fairbanks were the parents of seven children: Sarah J., deceased, wife of Samuel G. Sands; Hattie E., now

Mrs. Clark Preseott; Ada A., now Mrs. Isaac Reed; Alta M., now Mrs. Lewis Isaacs; Hiram FI., deceased; Lillic R., deceased; and Walter L. Fairbanks, who is a jeweler, is married and lives in Mora, Minn.

Carl Lawstuen was born on section thirty-five, Carrolton township, April 2, 1870, son of Halvor O. and Margaret (Brenno) Lawstuen. The father was born at Ness, in Hallingdahl, Norway, February 27, 1836, and when twenty-four years of age brought his wife and daughter to America, landing in Quebec and settling in Amherst township, this county, where he worked for various farmers four years. Later they moved to Carrolton, bought a farm, ereeted a log house and engaged in agriculture. Carl, subjeet of this biography, was educated in the district school near his home and at the Lanesboro publie schools, and remained in his father's employ until he married, exeept for six months, when he ¢lerked in a store at Lanesboro. Then he purchased 120 acres in section thirty-three, Carrolton township, where he remained seven years. At the expiration of this time Mr. Lawstuen moved to his present home on section ten, Amherst, where he has made many improvements, crecting a comfortable dwelling house and the needed outbuildings. As he has prospered he has added to his original holdings, until he now owns 240 acres of tillable land. He suecessfully carries on general farming, stoek raising and dairying and is recognized as an industrious and progressive citizen. Mr. Lawstuen married Gea, daughter of Jens and Karen Olstad, and they are parents of four children: Mamie C., Wenry Clifford, Gladys C. and Selmer 0. Mr. and Mrs. Lawstuen have also taken into their family Florence Johnson, who, while not a legally adopted daughter, has a warm place in the affections of the whole family. Mr. Lawstuen lias been a member of the town board of supervisors for nine years and is its present chairman. He is one of the directors of the Harmony Insurance Company, of Harmony; secretary of the Lenora & Lanesboro Telephone Company, and president of the Amherst Cross Line.

John Ward, deceased, was one of Fillmore county's early settlers, and his name will ever be cherished in its history. He was born in County Carlow, Ireland, January 21, 1887, and there remained until twelve years of age. In 1849 his parents and he came to America and settled in New Jersey for a period of two years. In 1851 they came west to Green County, Wisconsin, and from there, in 1858, John Ward, then a young man of twenty-one years, walked to Amherst, this county, took a claim on section twenty-nine, broke and cultivated the land, erected a bone and necessary outbuildings, and there engaged in agricultural pursuits. By hard work, farsightedness and untiring efforts, he forged ahead and became a substantial and representative citizen. As time passed he added from time to time to his original possessions, until he owned nearly 900 acres of land. Early in his farming career, be entered into stock raising, a business which yielded him large returns. He was a man of strong convictions, just and true in all his dealings, always willing to lend a helping hand in any good cause that might tend toward the bettering of local conditions. When the Civil War broke out he enlisted in the First Minnesota Light Artillery, being mustered in Octoher 24, 1861. During his career as a soldier he took an active part in twenty-four active engagements and was severely wounded at the battles of Shilo and Vicksburg. After being wounded at Shilo, he was picked up by Dr. Suiter, of Davenport, Iowa, but later of La Crosse, Wis., to whom, after thoroughly recovering from his wounds, Mr. Ward became an assistant. He was honorably discharged on December 17, 1864, and immediately returned to his farm in Amherst. In 1867 he married Mrs. Hannah (Vickerman) Ward, his brother's widow, and to them were born four children: Dora, now Mrs. Edward Ingalls, resides in Idaho Springs, Colo.; Ida is now Mrs. Frank Bergey, of Amherst township; Ada is now Mrs. Joseph Christianson; Arthur is the only son. He grew to manhood in Amhevst and there received his schooling. He has tollowed farming as a business and is one of the substantial men of his community. His farm comprises 542 acres on which he follows general farming and stock raismg. He breeds Belgium and Hackney horses and Shetland ponies, all thoroughbred registered strains, and at the present time is breeding into registered Shorthorn eattle. April. 16, 1902, he married Blanche Greer, and they moved to Lanesboro, where Mr. Ward owns a comfortable home. Mrs. Blanche Greer Ward died July 10, 1910, leaving one child, Marjoric. Myr. Ward was married the second time June 5, 1912, to Mary McCallum. Mr. Ward's father died January 21, 1891. The mother is living on her home farm in Amherst township.

Halver Peterson (Pladson) is one of the oldest men in the county. Tle was born at Ness, Hallingdahl, Norway, October 1, 1821, there grew to manhood and received his schooling, after which he learned and followed the blacksmith's trade. When thirty years of age he determined to come to America, and in the fall of 1851 he and his wife took passage on one of the sailing vessels, the trip taking nine weeks and three days from port to port. They went directly to Rock county, Wisconsin; where they had friends who preceeded them on the American venture, and there made their home for three years. In May, 1854, they started for Minnesota, making the Journey with ox teams and covered wagons, and camping along the way. They reached Fillmore county June 6, 1854, and found land to their liking on school section sixteen, Amherst township. Here a log cabin was erected and in this the home was made and the children born. In 1895 the present brick house was built. When the Civil War opened Mr. Peterson felt that his duty was at home. When the draft was resorted to in Amherst it fell to his lot to furnish a man for the army. He decided to pay another to take his place, that he might stay with his family. Though of such an unusual age, Mr. Peterson has an excellent memory for the past events of the early days when Winona was the nearest wheat market, and oxen the most rapid method of transportation. In November, 1851, he married Barbara Torstenson (Saterdahlen), and they fought the battle of life together. Their union was blessed with ten children: Peter and Betsy died in infancy; Peter, Betsy, Thorwald and Alfred are all residents of South Dakota, where Alfred owns a large farm; Lewis lives in Amherst township and is the father of seven children; Emelia married John Peterson and they have seven children; Hannah married Knudt Peterson, they live on the old home farm, and are the parents of four children; Julius is deceased. The wife of the subject. of this sketch died September 5, 1903.

J. M. Johnson, who has held the office of school clerk in district fifty-three, Carrolton township, for a period of twenty-five years, has also given excellent satisfaction in other public offices, chief of which is that of supervisor. Mr. Johnson was born in Christiania, Norway, January 18, 1846, son of Jens and Malina Johnson, with whom he came to America in 1854. Landing at Quebec, they proceeded to the States and located first at Decorah, Jowa, where the father farmed for seven years. In 1861 the family moved to Carrolton and settled on section twenty-two, where the father passed away in 1887 and the mother in 1893. J. M., the son, was given a common school education and grew to manhood on his father's farm, where he prepared the foundation for his later success as a farmer. After the death of his parents, Mr. Johnson became owner of the old homestead, which comprises 240 acres, and in addition to this property he also owns sixty-five acres in section twenty-four. The log house, in which his parents lived for many years, was later covered with boards, which have given it a modern appearance. In connection with cultivating the soil and planting and harvesting crops, Mr. Johnson engages in stock raising and dairying. He married Bertha, daughter of Ingebret and Gorgina Nelson, natives of Norway and early settlers in Holt township. To this marriage five children have been born: William and Elton, living in North Dakota; Gorda, Casper and Mabel, at home.

Andrew Sorensen, deceased, was one of the prominent citizens of Pilot Mound township. During his residence there, he served with ability in some of the most responsible public offices, among which were supervisor of the township for many years, also treasurer of the school board and postmaster. Mr. Sorensen was born in Norway, October 4, 1838, son of Soren and Ingeborg Sorensen, who passed their lives in their native country. He came to America in 1853 and located first at Whitewater, Wis., where he was employed at his trade of shoemaking. In 1864 he came to Fillmore county and bought a farm on section six, Pilot Mound, where he followed agriculture for the remainder of his life. Ile was married at Whitewater, Wis., Feb. 22, 1856 to Ingeborg Haugen, daughter of Torger and Signa (Storaaslie) Haugen. To Mr. and Mrs. Sorensen were born seven children: Theodore, Adolph, Julius, Albert, Ida, Josephine and Clara. Ida married Henry Boyer; Josephine is the wife of Kleber Molstad; Clara is now Mrs. William Hart; Albert works the home farm for his mother. Mr. Sorensen entered into rest August 10, 1911, and his death removed from the community one of its most highly esteemed citizens.

Adolph Sorensen, son of Andrew and Ingeborg (Haugen) Sorensen, was born at Whitewater, Wis., in 1861. He attended the common schools when a boy and there acquired his education. Until thirty years of age, he remained in his father's employ, and during the year 1891, rented a farm, which adjoined the old homestead in Pilot Mound township, this county. For fourteen years, Mr. Sorensen operated this farm, after which he moved to McIntyre, Jowa, where he went into the hardware and farm implement business. He owned this business for two years and then disposed of it and returned to his old home in this county, where he remained at home for a summer. The following year he went to Ward county, North Dakota and homesteaded a claim of 160 acres, which he still owns. Onthis claim he spent two years, after which he again returned to Pilot Mound. In 1893 he bought forty acres of land on section six and to this added eighty acres in 1902 and forty acres in 1904, making a total of 160. Mr. Sorensen does general farming and raises pure bred Hereford cattle, Duroc-Jersey hogs, graded farm horses and Buff Plymouth Rock poultry. He is a member of the United Lutheran church and in politics, a Republican. He has served as supervisor of the township, two terms; constable, one term; and elerk of the school board for six years. He married Mary Spelhaug, May 5, 1891, and to them two children have been born: Lawrence A. and Selma. Mrs. Mary (Spelhaug) Sorensen is a daughter of Anders and Serina (Haugen) Spelhaug.

Julius Sorensen was born in Pilot Mound township in 1866, son of Andrew and Ingeborg (Haugen) Sorenson. When a boy, he attended the district school near the home farm and also assisted his father. After completing his education, he worked for a period with his parents and then started for himself. He bought his present property, which consists of 240 acres on sections five, six and eight, and has since earried on general farming, together with stockraising and dairying. He raises Shorthorn cattle and owns a pure bred sire, ''Nailstone Historic,'' which was imported from England. He keeps fifteen horses for the carrying on of his farm work. Mr. Sorensen is affiliated with the Republican party and has served as assessor for the township and elerk of the school board, holding the latter office four terms. He was once elected to the office of pathmaster but did not care to serve. Among various business interests, he owns stoek in the Farmers' Elevator at St. Charles. June 12, 1899, Mrs. Louisa M. (Heim) Becker became his wife and to them Josephine C., Caroline Henrietta, Evangeline Odelia and Theodore Anthony have been born. Mrs. Louisa Sorensen is a daughter of Anthony and Crescentia (Hafuer) Heim. By her first marriage to Sylvester Becker she had three children: Sylvester W., Louisa M. and Mary M., all of whom are educated in the Catholic faith with their mother.

Joseph B. Thayer and his wife came to Spring Valley in 1854 from Conneaut, Penn. They remained a year, during which time their daughter, Mary Belle, was born, the first white child born in Spring Valley. Then they went east and stayed seven years. Four children were born there: Joseph W. Thayer, now of Chicago; Elsie C. Thrall and Mary E. Cummings, of Spring Valley, and Kezia Nutting, now of Denver. Mr. and Mrs, Thayer returned to Minnesota in 1863, and spent the remainder of their lives, Mr. Thayer's death occurring in 1888 and Mrs. Thayer's in 1900. Mr. and Mrs. Thayer organized the First Congregational church of Spring Valley and were among its staunch supporters.

I, N. Cummings came to Minnesoia in 1854, returned east that year, and in company with others came back to Spring Valley in 1855. The same year he ''opened'' a store in a ''rail-pen,"' but in the fall built a store on the lot where the Commercial

Andrew Sha Ttuck

Ilouse now stands. He was a member of the First Village council o£ Spring Valley, organized in 1872. In 1868 he built Hardscrabble mill, at the cost of $9,000, a large expenditure at that time. Two children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Cummings: Mary K. and Newton F. The latter is now the oldest living person born in Spring Valley. Mr. Cummings died July, 1900.

Ole L. Vignes was born in Stavanger, Norway, July 16, 1833, son of Lars and Chestie (Olson) Vignes. He received his edueation in Norway, came to America in 1856, settled in Norway township, this county, and purchased 14414 acres of wild land at $2.50 an acre. THe worked this farm until 1908 when he sold it for $75 an acre, and moved to Highland Village, where he now lives in retirement. For some time he was a member of the school board of his district, and he has been trustee and treasurer of the Highland United Lutheran echureh. Mr. Vignes married for his first wife, Annie Hallum, and of the five children born to this union, four are living, Lauress, Edward, Ludwig and Emma. By his present wife, Rachacl Solland, Mr. Vignes has one son, Elmer Arthur of Holt township.

Norman Alonzo Graves was born in Oneida county, New York, May 15, 1819, moved with his parents to Genessee county, New York in 1822 and from there to Loraine county, Ohio, in 1833. As a young man he settled in Michigan, and in 1843, located in Wisconsin. Then he went back to Ohio, where he was married December 31, 1857, to Mary Ann Johnson, He came to this state in October, 1856, seleeted a location, and then returned to Ohio. On November 7, 1856, he and his wife and their son, Lewis, reached Highland, this county, and established their permanent home here. He died in December, 1902. A man of ability and sterling common sense, he was chosen to serve his neighbors as postmaster and justice of the peace. He was also chosen county commissioner. In every way a model citizen, he held the respect and esteem of all his neighbors and acquaintances and left a large cirele of friends to mourn his death.

Andrew Shattuck (deceased) one of ithe pioneers of Fillmore county, was born at Grafton, New Hampshire, on July 4, 18238, eldest of the four children of Nathaniel and Sarah (Briggs) Shattuck, of New Hampshire birth and parentage; worthy people, farmers by occupation, but pioneers by heredity. In 1830 they moved to Vermont, where they resided for ten years, after which they went to St. Lawrenee county, New York, remaining there for a similar period of time and thence going to a farm near Oberlin, Ohio, which is still owned by a member of the family, there spending the remainder of their lives. They are buried in the Royalton cemetery. Andrew, the subject of this biography, acquired his education in the district schools of Vermont and New York. In 1850 he moved with his parents to Ohio and soon after purchased a farm near the parental home. In 1859 he came to Minnesota and during that year drove with an ox team from Brownsville to [lolt township, this county. For a short period after his arrival in this county, he lived with his brother-in-law, Norman A. Graves, who had settled here three years previous. Mr. Shattuck bought a farm of 240 acres in section 35, Holt township, and erected a log cabin, in which he and his family made their home for many years. It was upon this farm that the village of Highland was afterward located. Mr. Shattuck was a Republican and an earnest worker for the political welfare of the community in which he lived. From the year of 1862 until 1869 he served the hamlet of Highland in the capacity of postmaster. He also held other public offices, among which were treasurer and supervisor of the township. On June 28, 1853, Mr. Shattuek married Julia A. Graves, born February 16, 1829, in Genessee county, New York, daughter of Starling and Rosetta (Mathews) Graves, the former born September 9, 1779, and the latter April 23, 1789, natives of New England and pioneers of Cuyahoga, Loraine county, Ohio. To Mr. and Mrs. Shattuck a family of eight children were born: Julia E., the eldest, was born in 1855, married William Mitchell and died in 1896. George W., now resides in Amherst township, this county. Andrew J. died in Mareh, 1909. Frederick W. lives at Altura, Minnesota. Rose E. makes her home with Bert N., who lives in the old homestead in Holt township. Alice C. resides in Boulder, Colorado. She is now Mrs. C. I. Terwilliger. Abbie M., now Mrs. M. L. Haines, is also a resident of Boulder, Colorado. The wife and mother entered into rest on August 25, 1877. She was a loyal member of the Methodist church. Mr. Shattuck died May 27, 1908. He attended the Friends' church during his active life and was an esteemed member of that organization.

George W. Shattuck was born in Loraine county, Ohio, November 11, 1857, son of Andrew and Julia (Graves) Shattuck. He was educated in the district schools of Holt township and attended Rushford school for one term. After completing his studies, Mr. Shattuck worked a part of his time on the home farm until 1893. Prior to this year, in 1878, he formed a partnership with his brother, Andrew. Soon after Bert N. purchased Andrew's interest and George W. and. Bert N. began the manufacture of Amber Cane Syrup, erected a sugar mill and for several years carried on a thriving business at Highland. At times they obtained granulated sugar, but never in any large quantity. In 1887 George W. Shattuck and his brother, Bert N., purchased a steam well drilling outfit, which after intelligent study of the geological formation of the surrounding country, they operated most successfully. In 1896 Mr. Shattuck bought his brother's interest and conducted the business on his own responsibility for two years, after which he disposed of it. In 1893 he bought 95 acres of good farm land, 54 acres of which are in section 35, Holt township and the remainder in section 2, Amherst township. At this time he also purchased 9 acres of timber in Preble township. After moving to his farm, Mr. Shattuck began making improvements and after disposing of his well drilling business, devoted his entire attention to scientific farming and dairying. Politically, he adheres to the principles endorsed by the Prohibitionists and his religious views are identical with those of his father, he being a Friend. On December 29, 1891, Mr. Shattuck married Rachel Rose, born in Amherst on June 19, 1861, daughter of Jacob A. and Christina (Kent) Rose. Mrs. Shattuck died on May 15, 1902, and on September 16, 1903, Mr. Shattuck was united in marriage with Nellie 2. Johnson, who was born near Rushford, November 13, 1881, daughter of Charles E. and Henrietta (Edmonds) Johnson, natives of New York. She was educated at the Rushford high school from which she graduated in 1898 and for five years taught in the district schools. Mr. and Mrs. Shattuek have two children: Frances E., born February 11, 1906, and Glen W., born June 29, 1909. Mrs. Shattuck is a member of the Episcopal church of Rushford.

Torger Elstad, merchant and prominent citizen of Highland village, was born on the old Elstad homestead in Amherst township, August 16, 1876, son of Ingebret and Mathea (Lunde) Elstad, the pioneers. The subject of this sketch received his early education in the common schools, and later attended the Toland Business University of La Crosse, Wisconsin, where he took a commercial course. He remained with his mother for many years. April 1, 1911, he bought stock in the store at Highland village, which store he now operates, and which enjoys a large patronage among the people whose confidence he has won by his integrity and honesty. In politics he is a Republican, and is now serving as justice of the peace. He is a strong advocate of total abstinence, and is always ready to work for what he believes to be the best interests of the community. He has been an active worker in the Elstad Norwegian Lutheran church, and is now a trustee of that body. Mr. Elstad was married May 28, 1912, to Ellen L. P. Stenshoel, born in Canton township, January 28, 1880, daughter of Lewis and Martina (Jacobson) Stenshoel.

John A. Langord, merchant of Highland village, was born in Columbia county, Wisconsin, Octoher 30, 1857, son of Andrew and Eh Langord, natives of Norway, who came to America in 1851, settled in Columbia county, and there lived until 1860, when they removed to Adams connty, Wisconsin, where the father still lives, he being 2 shoemaker by trade. The mother died in 1906. John A. received his education in the common scliools, aud in 1877 left home and started working as a farm hand. In the spring of 1882 he opened a store in Highland village in partnership with A. Christiansen. Later he had several partners, among them being K. M. Borgen and R..N. Nunemaker. He now owns the store alone, carries a good stock, and enjoys a large trade. He was married July 15, 1885, to Mary Hendrickson, born in Holt township, April 9, 1865, and this union has been blessed with seven children, Ella Serena, Arthur Phillip, Josie May, Pearl Agetha, Leonard Roger and Grace Juanita.

Rev. Elief Loveland, deceased, was born in Norway, December 26, 1842. He was educated at the Christiansand Stift Seminary, from which he graduated in 1861, after which he became a teacher in the saine institution for a period of about seven years. In 1866 he was united in marriage to Thaaraand Asland, also a native of Norway. In the year 1868 they came to Americ¢a, locating soon after at Lanesboro. During that sammer Mr. Loveland was employed by the Lanesboro Company, and in the fall opened a school in the village which he taught for several years. He discontinued teaching, however, to take up the cooperage trade in which occupation he was interested for a period of years after. Mr. Loveland was a prominent worker for the interests of the Lutheran church of Lanesboro, and for many years oecupied the offices of deacon and seerctary. In 1880 he was elected from the first district to the state legislature, filling the office with credit and satisfaction. In 1894 he was ordained at Minneapolis to the ministry as a United Lutheran preacher. By his marriage to Thaaraand Asland, was born one child, Thorine, who is now the wife of Representative J. O. Rustad of Amherst. Mrs. Thaaraand (Asland) Loveland died January 27, 1876, and on November 7, 1878, Mr. Loveland married Anna Maria Westeren. To them were born four children: Edwin, Otto, Bertha and Agnes. Mr. Loveland was summoned to the Great Beyond Mareh 11, 1900. Mrs. Loveland now makes her home near Fillmore, North Dakota. The death of Mr. Loveland removed from Fillmore county one of its highly respeeted and Christian men. He was a kind hearted man, true and loyal in his beliefs and was held in high esteem in the town and county where for so many years he occupied various offices of trust and honor.

Alk. Ant

Ole Abrahanson Rustad was born in Iladeland, Norway, March 4, 1830, and there received his education and grew to manhood. In 1849 he crossed the Atlantic Ocean and came to America. After his arrival, he came west to Iowa, located near Claremont, and there made his home for nine years. In 1858 he came to Fillmore county, located on section 1, in Amherst township, and there engaged in general farming. [le broke and improved the land, and by hard work and progressive efforts made his way, first erecting a log cabin and later a more modern home and outbuildings. In 1873 he built the large and commodious barn, 50 by 60 feet, which still stands on the farm. In the early days he rented his farm and started for Pike's Peak to reap his fortune in the gold field, but owing to difficulties which had to be encountered, he never reaehed the Land of Gold. He later went to Grant and Ottertail counties in western Minnesota, with the early pioneers, and purchased land, but never made his home there. He was a man of sterling qualities and by his own efforts and true heartedness, became one of the representative citizens of Fillmore county. As the years passed he prospered, due to his ambitious and untirimg efforts. He was married in the year 1855, at Moscow, Wisconsin, to Martha Baalerud, a native of Norway, who proved a worthy helpmate throughout all their married life. She was a God-fearing woman, a good wife and a loving mother. They were the parents of seven children: Hans, now of Grant county, Minnesota; Carl, also of Grant county, Minnesota; Julia, now Mrs. Ifans Hoff, of Holt township ; J. O., who owns the old home farm in Amherst; Betsy, now Mrs. Martin Torgerud, of Holt; Peter, of Montana; and Carl, who died in infancy. Ole Abrahanson Rustad died Mareh 17, 1891. Mrs. Martha (Baalerud) Rustad died October 12, 1899.

J. O. Rustad, who was elected to the state legislature in 1909, re-elected in 1911, and served in the special session of 1912, has ever taken an active interest in the political affairs of Fillmore county. Tle has also been prominently identified with township offices, having been assessor of Amherst for a period of nine years and is now serving as clerk of his school district. Mr. Rustad is a native of Amherst township, having been born December 7, 1864, son of Ole Abrahanson and Martha (Baalerud) Rustad. He attended school in district 27 and spent vacation periods on the home farm where he assisted his father. He attended the Rushford high school in 1884, after which he en. tered and graduated from the Decorah Business College in 1886. After completing his studies he went west to Grant county where he followed book-keeping and clerking one year. He then returned to Amherst township, which has since been his home.

Mr. Rustad is at present residing on the old homestead which he has greatly beautified and improved. He owns 345 acres of valuable land on which he carries on modern and scientific farming, being one of the most progressive citizens of Amherst. He has just erected a beautiful new modern home of pebble dash, which is the only building of its material and style of architecture in Fillmore county. The home is modern in every respect, containing a large and up-to-date reservoir, a heating plant of the hot water system and electric lights operated by his independent plant. His broad acres and his beautiful home with its picturesque surroundings, and its neat appearance, bespeak the thrift and enterprise of both Mr. Rustad and his amiable wife. Mr. Rustad was married January 17, 1892, to Thorine Loveland, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Ellef Loveland, and to this union five children have been born: Olaf, Ella, Mabel, Alice and Agnes. The members of the family belong to the United Lutheran church and are attendants and liberal contributors to the Elstad church of that body.

Hans P. Sethre, a progressive farmer of Holt township, was born on the farm on which he now resides, March 25, 1860, son of John H. and Martha (Stenshoel) Sethre. The subject of this biography has spent his entire life to date on the old. home farm. When a boy he attended the district school and worked for his father and after he became 26 years of age, purchased the farm, his parents reserving a life lease of the same. Mr. Sethre has made many improvements on his property, built an addition to the house, also one to the barn. He conducts general diversified farming together with some stock raising and dairying. Aside from the business in this state, Mr. Sethre owns 160 acres in North Dakota. He affiliates with the Republican party. He is a member of the Elsted Lutheran church and has served as treasurer of that organization for two years. On October 22, 1885, Caroline M. Elsted, who was born April 13, 1863, daughter of Martin and Marian (Trulsun) Elsted, natives of Norway, became the wife of Mr. Sethre and they are the parents of: Henry O., born December 18, 1886, of Benedict, N. D.; Selmer E., born March 11, 1888, at home; Clara M., born April 7, 1890; Aleda L., born May 20, 1898; Martin W., born April 31, 1895, and Johannes S., born June 7, 1905.

John H. Sethre, deceased, was born in Eidsvold, Norway, January 16, 1825. His education was acquired in the schools of that country, and there he grew to manhood. In the spring of 1852 he married Martha Stenshoel, also a native of Eidsvold, and immediately after brought his bride to America. They came directly to Minnesota and seitled in Fillmore county, remaining for two years with Mrs. Sethre's parents, Peter and Martha Stenshoel, who came to America with them to join a son, living in Amherst township. In 1854, Mr. Sethre took a homestead of 160 acres in section 33, Holt township, and set about preparing it for cultivation. It was mostly in timber and a great deal of hard work was required to clear this away, but eventually Mr. Sethre made it one of the productive and well cared for farms in the vicinity. To Mr. and Mrs. Sethre five children were born. Three of them are living: Mary, the wife of Reverend Johannes A. Hellestvedt of Decorah, Iowa; Lina, now Mrs. Ole M. Blagstvedt, of Amherst township; Hans P., a farmer in Holt township. Mrs. Martha (Stenshoel) Sethre died in November, 1866, and in December of the following year, Mr. Sethre married Mary Jensen, who was born at Nanstad, Norway, in March, 1839, and came to America with a sister about 1866. To this marriage were born two children: Matilda, now Mrs. Peter Abrahamson of Holt township; and Hilda, the wife of Albert Overgaard, of Amherst township. The members of the family were earnest workers in the Lutheran church and Mr. Sethre took an active part in all church affairs. In March, 1897, Mr. Sethre entered into rest. His widow and a son, Hans P., live on the home farm to which she has a life lease.

Martin T. Anderson, now deceased, was born in Rinericker, Norway, March 4, 1837, son of Andrew Thrulson, and Marie, his wife. The mother died in the old country, and the father came to America in 1862, purchased a farm in Holt township, and proceeded to break and improve the land. Martin T. was educated in the common schools, came to America in 1860, and bought a farm of 160 acres in Holt township, where he spent the remainder of his days. He married Dora Fossum, born near Christiania, Norway, June 24, 1846, and this union was blessed with two daughters: Madeline, born June 3, 1881, and Cora Otelia, born May 2, 1888. Martin T. Anderson passed away December 1, 1903, and his wife, May 17, 1912. The daughters are now living in a house of their own at Highland, the home farm having been sold in 1910. In connection with the house is an acre of land, providing ample space for a garden.

Martin T. Ask, progressive farmer and citizen of Pilot Mound township, was born in Amherst in 1856. His parents, Thomas and Carrie (Holt) Ask, were natives of Norway, who came to America in 1851 and settled in Wisconsin, where the father worked in Beloit for a year and a half at blacksmithing, after which they moved to this county and bought a farm in Amherst, whieh they sold two years later, then moving to Preston, where they now reside. Martin T. acquired a common school education and until twenty-three years of age worked on the home farm. In 1879 he purchased a farm in Preston, which he operated for fifteen years, then disposed of, after which he bought his present property in Pilot Mound. Myr. Ask's farm comprises 42314 acres located in sections 23, 24, 25 and 26, and here he carries on general farming and stock raising. He owns a pure bred Shorthorn sire and also blooded Duroc-Jersey hogs. He likewise owns fifteen horses and finds ready sale for those he annnally raises. In politics, Mr. Ask votes the Republican ticket and has served with credit in various offices in his township, having been director and treasurer of school board for nine years, also road overseer for three or fow: terms. He is a stockholder in the Independent Harvester Company, of Plano, Illinois, and owns stock 'im the Arendahl Creamery. He is president of the Lanesboro and Pilot Mound Telephone Company, and was one of the prime movers in the effort to get the telephone installed in Pilot Mound. On December 29, 1879, Mr. Ask marricd Caroline Elstad, daughter of Albert Larson and Mathea (Peterson) Elstad. To this marriage twelve children have been born, ten of whom are now living: Carl, who took a college course in agriculture and is now in Billings, Montana, operating a livery; Mary, the second child; Mathea, wife of Albert Haugen; Emelie, wife of John E. Tollefson; Anton, who attended business course in LaCrosse, Wisconsin; Henry, who is a student at the Decorah (Iowa) Normal College; Thomas, Clara M., Cornelius and Alma J. The members of the family belong to the United Lutheran church.

Robert M. Foster, one of the venerable and honored pioneers of Filimore county, is now living in Austin, in this state, having last year passed the four score and ten mark of his span of years, Tle was born in Fayette county, Pennsylvania, November 25, 1821, son of John and Catherine (Cosgray) Foster, the former born in Maryland, and the latter in Ireland, she coming to America at the age of twelve years, Robert M. grew to manhood in Fayette county, and when twenty-two years of age went to Jefferson county, Ohio, there remaining ten years. At the close of that period he started for Minnesota, taking a trip by rail to Pittsburgh, Pa., thenee to Cairo, Ill., by boat, then up the Mississippi to St. Louis, and thence to Dubuque, Iowa, remaining there a month. From there he came to Fillmore county, and on October 1, 1853, opened a store in partnership with his friend, Felix Meighen, of honored memory. In 1868 Mr. Foster disposed of his interests in the store to his partner, and in 1876 went four miles west of his first residence and purchased a half section in

Mr. And Mrs, Robert M. Foster

Forestville township, on which tract he farmed until 1885, when he sold out and purchased a half section near Preston. Some years ago he retired, and took up his residence in a large and pleasant home on Kenwood avenue, Austin, Minn., where he is spending the twilight years of his life, surrounded by love and eomfort and tender attention. On November 25, 1912, he will be ninety-one years old. Mr. Foster married, in 1854, for his first wife, Elizabeth Renslow, who bore him ten children, all of whom, except one, are living. Elizabeth loster died on the farm near Preston on January 12, 1892, and later, on April 10, 1893, Mr. Foster married Magdaline Van Mackelenbergh, a native of Holland. My. Foster served one term as county commissioner, being elected as a Greenbacker. Thomas Quinn of Preston and Edward Stevens of Fountain, also Greenbackers, were members of that board. This so-called ''Greenback board'' made a splendid record for economy. Mr. Foster held the office of justice of peace for many years during the early days and was master of ceremonies at many of the pioneer weddings.

G. B. Ellestad, popular jeweler, residing in Lanesboro, was born in Newburg township November 18, 1860, son of Iver and Julia (Garnaas) Ellestad. He was reared on the home farm and attended school in Dist. No. 5. When 20 years of age, he started in life by accepting a. position with a jewelry concern as traveling salesman and served in that capacity for two or three years. Later, he entered into partnership with Bacon Brothers in Mabel and this partnership continued for two and a half years. January 1, 1890, Mr. Ellestad came to Lanesboro and there opened a jewelry store, which he has since conducted, meeting the wants of his customers with an excellent line of modern goods, and treating all with honesty and courtesy. He married Anna Anderson, daughter of M.S. Anderson, and they are parents of Irwin M., Gerhard A., and Reuben. The family belongs to the Bethlehem Lutheran church, of Lanesboro.

Iver Ellestad, one of Fillmore county's pioneers, was born in Valders, Norway, and grew to manhood in his home country. With several fellow countrymen, he immigrated to this country in 1849, then being twenty-one years of age. Locating first in Muskego, Racine county, Wisconsin, he there spent some time at various employments and later worked in various places. In 1855 he came to Fillmore county and settled on section 28, Newburg township. There, with his good wife, he endured many privations, which were a part of the lives of the pioneers. But with endless courage and fortitude, he labored on his property and made it yield good crops and as the years succeeded each other, he grew more and more prosperous. He and his worthy helpmeet, Julia (Garnaas) Ellestad, were the parents of nine children. Those living are: G. B., of Lanesboro; Mrs. H. T. Hendrickson, of Sheyenne, N. D.; Mrs. M. Wisness, of Maddock, N. D.; Julia Ellestad, of Bowbells, N. D.; Sophia Ellestad, of Mabel; Mrs. P. I. Loughray, of Kansas City, Mo.; and Bernt Ellestad, of Mabel. Mr. Ellestad died in 1890, and his widow is still living on the old homestead in Newburg.

Ole Jensen was born in Norway March 9, 1880, came to America in 1857, settled in Spring Grove, Iowa, lived there until 1866, aud then came to Fillmore county, and purchased a farm of 120 acres in sections 3 and 24, Holt township, where he still resides, now boarding with the people to whom he sold it. In 1865, while at Spring Grove, Mr. Jensen was drafted for service in the Civil war, but was discharged owing to the cessation of hostilities. He married Carrie Krouse, now deceased.

William A. Pease, now deceased, county official, state lawmaker, successful farmer and substantial citizen, was of Green Mountain stock, born in Weston, Windsor county, Vermont, November 23, 1822, son of Alpheus and Lucy (Foster) Pease, also natives of Vermont. As a boy he received a limited education, but supplemented this by wide reading, close observation and elose insight, achieving his success in life through his own efforts. Like many a youth of his period and locality, he started out to see the world as 2 young man, peddling goods for seven years amoug the farmers of New England. After this he engaged for seven years in the mercantile business, at Weston, the town of his birth. In April, 1857, he came to Fillmore county, and purchased 160 acres of land in section 8, at $11.25 an acre, thus laying the foundation of his life's work in agricultural pursuits. He broke and cleared the land and erected a good set of buildings, adding to his holdings from time to time until at the time of his death he owned 930 acres. While he devoted his life mainly to tilling the soil, he also made a specialty of stock raising and fattened stock which was marketed at the Chicago stock yards through local dealers. In public life, Mr. Pease ever stood for that which was best, He served in many minor offices from time to time, was chairman of his town, was county commissioner several terms, and a member of the legislature in 1874. In both public and private life he was a man of good judgment and farsightedness, and was held in the highest esteem and respect by all who knew him. Mr. Pease was married February 28, 1853, to Harriet E. Wheeler, born in Windsor county, Vermont, March 3, 1828. This union was blessed with three chil-

' | xt dren. William Sherwin and Nathan W. died in infancy. Thad W. lives on the home farm. William A. Pease died December 11, 19038, and his wife died December 23, 1888.

Thad W. Pease, successful farmer and stock breeder, was born on the farm where he now resides in Chatfield township February 18, 1867, son of William A. and Harriet E. (Wheeler) Pease. He received his education in the public schools, and graduated from the Chatfield high school in 1855, being the first boy to complete the course in that institution. After that he devoted his life to helping on the farm until his father's death, when he inherited the estate. Since that time he has added to the original tract until he now owns 1,050 acres. He has made many improvements and has a fine equipment of buildings, including a barn 48 by 104 feet, with twenty-four feet posts, one of the largest in the county. The whole place speaks of success, prosperity, thrift and enterprise. Like his father before him, he follows stock raising, feeding annually from two to three hundred cattle and raising each year about 100 hogs. Aside from his residence and other buildings on the home plot, he has three tenement houses, cach equipped with suitable buildings. In these houses reside his assistants. Mr. Pease married Mary Walther September 1, 1898, and they have two children: William A., born May 27, 1900, and named from his grandfather; and Harriet E., born October 1, 1903, and named from her grandmother.

Henry Walther, the father of Mrs. Thad W. Pease, was born in Germany, July 18, 1833, and came to this country in 1846, being married at Jefferson, Wis., in June, 1853, to Christina Buchta, who was born in Germany, April 13, 1834, and came to this country in 1848. In 1857 they came to Minnesota, and settled on a farm in Winona county, from which place the father enlisted in the Civil war. In 1866 they moved to Meriden township, Steel eounty, Minn., where the father still lives, the mother having died June 2, 1911.

Ole K. Eeg was born in Stavanger, Norway, February 2, 1835, oldest son of Knudt and Martha (Olson) Heg, the former of whom died in Norway. Ole K. came to America in 1854 and settled in La Salle, Ilinois, remaining there for one year, after which he removed to Jefferson Prairie, Wisconsin, and one year later to McGregor, Iowa. He made his home in the town of Me- Gregor for two years, employed as a farm hand and as a store elerk. In 1858, he came to Minnesota and two years later bought a farm of 160 aeres, in section 26, Holt township, where he resided for fifty years. Here he was joined in 1861 by his younger brother, Thomas, who soon enlisted in Co. D, Third Minnesota

Volunteer Infantry, went south, was taken prisoner at Memphis, Tennessee, paroled, returned to Holt, later engaged in the war with Indians on the frontier, afterward again went south and died in a hospital at Little Rock, Arkansas, aged 24 years. In the spring of 1865 Mrs. Martha (Olson) Eeg, accompanied by her youngest son, Samuel, crossed the ocean to America and eame west to Minnesota, remaining with Ole K. for a short time, afterward going to Otter Tail county, where they took a homestead and resided for the remainder of their lives, the mother passing away in 1908 and Samuel in 1911. As time passed and Ole K. the subject of this sketch, grew more prosperous, he added to his original possessions and eventually became the owner of 210 aeres in Holt township, where he carried on agricultural industries for many years. During the month of April, 1906, he retired from active life on the farm and moved to Whalan, where he now lives. He has long been a staunch supporter of the principles of the Republican party, hut never sought publie office. On June 15, 1860, Mr. Eeg married Maria Olson, daughter of Even and Ingebor Olson, and this union has been blessed with seven children: Oscar T., who conducts an implement store at Walford, North Dakota; Charles E., farming near Whitewater, South Dakota; Martin B., farming on the old homestead in Holt township ; Ida, now Mrs. O. E. Miller, of Hettinger, North Dakota; Nellie J., now Mrs. Edward Thompson of Walford, North Dakota; Clara, residing at home; Edward, farming at Walford, North Dakota.

Martin Knudtson was born on his present farm February 2, 1872, third child of Ole Knudtson Eeg and Maria (Olson) Eeg, natives of Stavanger and Svelvig, Norway. He was educated in the district schools of Holt township, and worked for his parents on the home farm until 1901, during which year he moved to Pierce county, N. D., there taking a claim of 172 acres, which he worked for four years. At the expiration of this period of time, Mr. Knudtson returned to Holt township and rented his father's farm. He traded his property in North Dakota during February, 1911, for the family homestead of 200 acres, on which he conducts general farming, stock raising and dairying. Ile affiliates with the Republican party and is a member of the Elsted Lutheran church. On November 29, 1899, he was married at Fargo, N. D., to Julia Frederickson, and this marriage has been blessed with five children: Geneva M., born October 21, 1900; Olga H., born September 9, 1902; Esther N., born April 22, 1905; Milton J., born August 9, 1909, and Henry Oscar, born October 31, 1911. Mrs, Julia (Frederickson) Knudtson was born October 11, 1876, daughter of Helmer and Johanna (Qualey) Frederickson. Ter: father was born in Sogn, Norway, and came to America in 1862, settling near Spring Grove, where he met and won his future wife who had been born in that place. Mr. Knudtson has made many changes and improvements on the old homestead. He has taken an interest in public affairs, and in 1910 served as censng enumerator for Holt township and Whalan village.

Even Olson and Ingebor Olson, his wife, were born near Christiania, Norway, and came to this country in 1853. They located first in Muskeego, Wisconsin, and there resided for a period of three years, after which they moved to Minnesota and settled in Holt township, this county. Here Mr. Olson bought 160 acres. This he sold to his son-in-law, Ole Eeg, but continued to make his home on the farm. In 1861, Mr. Olson enlisted in Co. D, Third Minnesota Volunteer Infantry, and went to the front. Taken prisoner at Memphis, Tennessee, he was later paroled, after which he was taken ill and for several months was in the hospital at Fort Snelling. He received an honorable discharge and in 1865 went to Otter Tail county and took a elaim of 160 acres. About 1899 Mr. Olson moved to Holt township, where he died in 1908 at 92 years of age. Mrs. Olson passed away in 1876, aged 64 years. They had one child, Maria, who later became Mrs. Ole K. Eeg.

Vital LeFevere, deceased, better known as ''Vic'' LeFevere, one of the pioneer settlers of Forestville township, was born in France, April 27, 1825. In 1841 he crossed the ocean to America, first locating in St. Louis where he remained one year. Then he made a trip to California and from there took an ocean voyage back home to France, where he remained but a short period, after which he again returned to America and located in Wisconsin. In 1855 he came to this county, established his home on a farm in Forestville township and there followed farming the balance of his life. He was a man of sterling qualities and of the progressive type. His first farm contained 320 acres, where he bnilt a log cabin, his first home. He broke the land, bringing it to a good state of cultivation; and as time passed, he prospered and added to his original holdings, until he had over 800 acres of land. The log cabin was replaced by a more modern frame dwelling and a good set of outbuildings were erected. Here he passed the remainder of his days encircled by a large chain of friends and companions, and his name will ever be a link which connects the early history of Fillmore county, to its present progressive developments. He died June 20, 1895. In 1859 he was united in marriage to Sarah Lilly, who was born April 21, 1846, and died August 22, 1899. They were the parents of five children dren: Sabina, now Mrs. Henry Haslam of Etna, this county; Arimie of Bloomfield, who married Nettie Richardson; Leon, who was in the treasury department of Washington for twenty-three years, and is now deceased; Amelia, who died at eight years of age; and Mary, who is now Mrs. Wm. Seely of Spring Valley.

Arimie LeFevere, one of the representative and substantial farmers of Bloomfield township, was born in Forestville township April 5, 1862, son of Vital and Sarah (Lilly) LeFevere. He received his education at the district schools, after which he engaged in agricultural pursuits with his father. In later years he engaged in farming for himself and owns at the present time 370 acres. He carries on general and dairy farming. He has a pleasant residence, and a substantial set of outbuildings, and these together with the neatness of his lawns and the general appearance of the farm land, bespeak the thrift and energy of their owner. Mr. LeFevere is interested in the progress and uplift of whatever tends toward the advancement of agricultural interest, He was married November 25, 1887, to Nettie Richardson, and to them three children have been born: Laura married Major Foster, and they reside in Forestville township. Lloyd and Carroll are at home.

John McLaughlin, who has been a citizen of Fillmore county since 1857, can relate many interesting anecdotes of the pioneer days. Born in County Tyrone, Ireland, in 1823, he there attended school and spent twenty-three years of his life. In 1846 he came to America and lived for nine years in Pawtucket, Rhode Island. Proceeding west in 1855, he located at Woodstock, Mc- Henry county, Illinois, where he spent two years, after which he came to Minnesota and located in Carrolton township, this county. The farm which he first occupied, later became the center of the present village of Lanesboro. In 1872 he married Mrs. Mary Durkin, widow of John Durkin, who died in 1870. Mr. and Mrs. McLaughlin moved to Amherst township located on section four, and there resided for several years carrying on farming industry. In 1889 they returned to Lanesboro, which place has since been the family home. Mr. and Mrs. McLaughlin are the parents of one son, Frank, a railroad man in Montana. Mrs. (Durkin) McLaughlin, by her marriage with John Durkin, had eight children of whom six are now living: Mary married Oscar Lewis; they have two children and are residents of Amherst township. James lives in Virginia, Katie in Lanesboro, John in North Dakota, and Thomas in Lanesboro. Margaret is now Mrs. John Galligan; they have one daughter, Mary, and reside in Holt township. Mrs. McLaughlin was a daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Thomas

Wimsey. She died in 1897, and Mr. McLaughlin now lives with his step-daughter, Katie Durkin, of Lanesboro. Although nearly four score years and ten, Mr. McLaughlin has a remarkably clear mind and takes an active interest in all present-day affairs.

Edwin P. Thompson, a prosperous farmer of Pilot Mound township, operates 200 acres of his father's farm in section 15. He owns considerable stock and excellent machinery, gives particular attention to diversified farming and raises stock of good breed. In 1910 he was elected clerk of his township, was twice re-elected and is now serving. He is an officer of the local M. W. A. After receiving his preliminary education at the district school, he entered Valdar Business College of Decorah, Iowa, and there completed a course in 1901. Two years later he went to Portal, North Dakota, where he took a homestead near what is now the town of Crosby. This farm which he rents is now all under cultivation. After three years in North Dakota, he returned to Fillmore county and here has taken an active part in public enterprises, He was one of the organizers of the Pilot Mound church and for three years was secretary of the Lanesboro and Pilot Mound Telephone Company.

Peter Thompson, respected citizen of Pilot Mound township, was born in Tellemarken, Norway, April 16, 1889, son of Thoruf and Tarjer Thompson. His father died in Norway and the mother came to America with Peter, and her four other sons, in 1861. They came west to Minnesota soon after their arrival in the United States and located on a farm in Arendahl township. Peter, the son, worked as a farm hand for six years after coming to Minnesota and later bought property in Winona county which he operated until 1876, During that year he traded this property for eighty acres on section 15, Pilot Mound township, this county, and has since made this his home. As opportunity and prosperity have afforded, Mr. Thompson has added to his original acres and now owns 455 acres, which is situated on sections 11, 14, 15, and 21. For many years he has carried on suceessful farming operations but at present lives practically a retired life. Mr. Thompson was one of the organizers of the North Prairie chureh and of the Pilot Mound church, and has ever been an active worker for the general upbuilding of his township and county. In 1909 he returned to the land of his birth for a visit. Pilot Mound, for which the township is named, stands on Mr. Thompson's farm. He was married March 8, 1866, to Ingeborg Lovra, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Torkel Lovra, and to them was born one child, Tena, now Mrs. Hans Peterson. Mrs. Ingeborg (Lovra) Thompson died in February, 1867. On July 24,

1872, Mr. Thompson married Anna Jertson Mennis, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Jert Mennis, and by this marriage, seven children were born, Thomas P., Isabel A., George P., Albert P., Edwin P., Peter Oscar, and Odeana P. Thomas P. married Mathilda Dahl and lives on a farm near Edmore, North Dakota. Isabel A. is the wife of Ingebret Peterson of Gascoyne, North Dakota, and they are the parents of seven children. George P. married Matilda Erickson, lives near Crosby, North Dakota, and is the father of two children. Albert P. married Maria Erickson and operates 200 acres of his father's farm in section 14, and owns 160 acres near Crosby, North Dakota. He is clerk of the school board in his township and is also an office holder in the Modern Woodmen of America. Edwin P. lives with his parents. Peter Oscar died in 1885.

Knut 0. Vogaard, deceased, was born in Hallingdal, Norway, January 14, 1826. When he was but six years of age, his parents died, after which he made his home with relatives, He grew to manhood in his native country and there acquired his edueation and began his life's work as a farmer. In 1854 he came to America and located first in Waupun, Wiseonsin, remaining there for two years, after which he came to Minnesota and settled in section 32, Holt township, where he pre-empted 160 acres on which he made his home until his death, As the years passed and he became more prosperous, he gradually added to his holdings, finally becoming the owner of 440 acres. Politically, Mr. Vogaard was a Republican, though he never sought public office. On February 20, 1856, he married Mary Griner, who was born in Hadeland, Norway, on December 1, 1835, and after the death of her father came to America with her mother and one brother, Ole. To Mr. and Mrs. Vogaard eight children were born, five of whom are now living: Caroline, the wife of Hans Rustad of Elbow Lake, Minnesota; Bedille, now Mrs. Paul Hoff of Knox, N. D.; Mary, who married 8. M. Larson and lives at Knox, N. D.; Casper, prominent farmer of Holt township; and Matilda, the wife of Manvil Oleson of St. Paul. Mr. Vogaard died on July 9, 1906, and his widow passed away four years later on April 18, 1910.

Casper K. Vogard was born on the farm which he now oceupies, June 1, 1869, son of Knut and Mary (Griner) Vogaard. He attended the district school near home and therein acquired his education. For ten years he rented the home farm, but in 1911, during which year the estate was settled, he bought 280 acres of the old homestead in section 32, which he operates and where he makes his home. He carries on general farming and dairying and is progressive and modern in methods and management. He has greatly improved his farm, laid cement walks, bettered his house with additions and repairs, and imstalled an acetylene gas plant. A Republican in politics, he has never been an office seeker, but has given his whole time and attention to caring for the farm. June 8, 1904, he married Josephine Johnson, born November 4, 1873, daughter of Iver and Lina (Saevig) Johnson, natives of Norway but at present residents of Lanesboro. Mr. and Mrs. Vogard are the parents of Mary Lillian, born in August, 1905; Luella Iverine, born in September, 1906; Clarence Joseph, born in August, 1908, and Mabel Louise, born in April, 1910. The family are respected members of the Norwegian Lutheran church.

Tollef O, Redalen was born in Rock eounty, Wisconsin, March 16, 1850, son of Ole and Ingebor (Raisa) Tulstad, natives of Norway, who came to the United States in 1847 and operated a farm in Rock county, Wisconsin, until the faiher's death in 1857, after which the mother moved to Fillmore county, where she still resides, now being the wife of Nels Thorson. Tollef O. Redalen, subjeet of this biography, worked for his mother for Many years and attended the country school near home. Wheu he became twenty-one years of age he bought 230 aeres in section 32, Pilot Mound township, to which he has added 118 acres, making a farm of 248 acres on which he follows general farming, stock raising and dairying. He raises Shorthorn cattle, Poland China hogs, Shropshire sheep aud abundant crops of grain and each succeeding year bears witness to his increasing prosperity. A member of the Republican party, he has been elected to serve as director of the school board for nine years, and president of the Norwegian school for a similar period of time. He is a member of the United Lutheran church. Mary, daughter of Ole Solie, became the wite of My. Redalen on July 16, 1872, and to this marriage have been born: Annie O.. Ingvald 0O., Nels (deceased), Thea M., Simon, Minnie, Oline, Theodore, Alma, and Lily. Simon, Theodore and Lily now have charge of the old home farm, which the sons work on shares; Annie is the wife of Olaf Skrukrud; Ingvald married Julia Iverson; Nels married Hannah Carlson; Thea is now Mrs. Christ Kvale; Minnie married Ingvald Finneseth ; Oline is the wife of Elmer Brekke; and Alma married Erwin Thorson,

O. M. Sletvold, representative farmer living in Preston township, now carries on agricultural operations on the farm where he was born June 14, 1871, son of Margaret and Martin O. Sletvold. His father emigrated from Norway to America about 1866, came to Minnesota and settled in Preston township, being employed for a period of two years by Mrs. Erdahl, to whom he was later married. They owned a quarter section of land on which stood a rude log cabin and there they lived many years and raised their children. In 1878 a frame dwelling was erected and in this they spent the remainder of their lives, the father entering into rest March 26, 1896, and mother, March 12, 1904. O. M., subject of this sketch, worked on the home farm with his father and attended school in district 186 during the years of his boyhood. As his father grew old and infirm, M. O. gradually assumed charge of the home farm, which became his after his father's death. This property comprises 260 acres, of which 160 are under cultivation. Though in past years, Mr. Sletvold engaged in general farming, he is now devoting more and more time to stock raising. He has a comfortable dwelling and substantial outbuildings, and the well kept appearance of his home and farm, denote prosperity and careful management. Mary, daughter of Olaves Flotten of Carrolton township, became the wife of Mr. Sletvold and to them has been born one son, Martin Osgar, now a lad of sixteen years.

Peter McCracken, now deceased, was one of the most prominent of the early pioneers. Well versed in the law, a natural leader of men, an able statesman, absolutely honorable in ali his dealings, far seeing of vision, frugal and industrious, he was well suited to become a pioneer in a new country. In territorial days he filled various appointive offices, in statehood days he served in various school and town offices, was a member of the county board of commissioners, was a member of the legislature for six terms, and served as delegate to numerous conventions and gatherings. When the Old Settlers' Association was formed, he took an active interest in its welfare, served as an officer, and delivered a number of talks which are an important part of the recorded history of this county. In all he was a useful citizen, and his memory will long be revered. Peter McCracken was born in Newton, Stewart, Wigtown county, Scotland, December 26, 1829, son of Peter and Janet (Arnet) McCracken, natives of Scotland, the former of whom was a sea captain and was drowned while in command of a ship. Peter, as a boy, had few school advantages. He worked and studied the best he could, and by dint of reading and observation became a man of considerable learning. In 1846 he came to the United States, and lived in Erie county, N. Y., until 1855, when he came to Minnesota and pre-empted a quarter section in section 3, York township, where he continued to live the remainder of his life. Being a close student of the law, he was admitted to the practice of this profession, and de- voted the remainder of his life to public affairs, and farming. After a long and purposeful life he passed away May 4, 1908, and was laid to rest, loved by an entire community. Mr. McCracken was married in Erie county, N. Y., March 19, 1855, to Elmina G. Ingalls, born in Holland, Erie county, N. Y., daughter of David and Elizabeth (Richardson) Ingalls, prominent residents of that locality. Mr. and Mrs. McCracken were the parents of five children. Jermie died in infancy. John J. died at eight years. Janet E, died at five years. Jessie L. lives on the home farm with her mother, looking after the business affairs of the farm, and attending her mother in her declining years. William P. lives in Forestville township. Since the death of Mr. MeCracken, Mra. McCracken has been content to remain on the home place, where she has made many improvements.

William P. McCracken was born in York township, August 31, 1863, son of Peter and Elmina G. (Ingalls) MeCracken. At the age of thirty years he purchased a farm of 160 acres in Forestville township and has now become one of the leading farmers of his vicinity. He is independent in politics, and has been constable for several years. He married Yetta Graban January 1, 1896, and they have four children: Harry, Dorris, John and Collin.

J. QO, Peterson was born in Amherst township December 1, 1863, son of Ole and Carrie Peterson, who came to America with a daughter, Betsey, and settled in Dane county, Wisconsin. After two years' residence in Wisconsin, his parents came to Amherst township, there locating and spending the remainder of their lives, the mother dying in 1882 and the father in 1910. To this union nine children were born, three of which are dead. J. 0., subject of this sketch, attended school, worked with his father on the farm and when twenty years of age, began his business career by buying a stallion. In 1887 Mr. Peterson moved to Lanesboro and there engaged in operating a dray line, continuing this business for two years, At the expiration of that period of time he sold out and went to North Dakota where he filed on a homestead, selling the relinquishment at the end of two years, after which he returned to Laneshoro. In 189] Mr. Peterson in partnership with his brother-in-law, Mr. Johnson, bought a livery in Lanesboro and carried on that business for six years, then disposing of his interest and moving to a farm in section 2, which he had acquired by trading the livery. For some time he operated his farm and engaged in agricultural pursuits, later moving to town. He uow resides on a farm near Lanesboro, conducting a dairy.

On January 2, 1892, Nettie, daughter of Ole Johnson, became his wife, and they have eight children: Selmer, who married Petre Simonson; Ovidia, Pearl, Walter, Serena, Neil, Evelyn and Stanley. The family are members of the Norwegian Lutheran church.

Olaf Knutson Finseth, an esteemed resident of Pilot Mound township, was born in Norway, January 17, 1860, son of Knut and Kari (Olsen) Mesalt, who in 1862 brought him to America, where the father soon died. 'The mother later married Thor Tolofson, who had taken a homestead in Pilot Mound during 1855, improved his property and prepared it for cultivation. Olaf K., subject of this biography, attended the country school near home and assisted his step-father with the farm work. After the death of the latter, in 1874, he assumed charge of the farm, although then but fourteen years of age, living with his mother until her death, when he became owner of the property. Mr. Finseth now owns 120 aeres on sections thirty-one and thirty-two, Pilot Mound, also twenty acres on _ section six, Carrolton. Here he carries on general farming and stock raising. He makes a specialty of raising a good breed of Norman Vereheron horses and is a_ stockholder in the Fountain Percheron Horse Company. He raises graded Shorthorn cattle, Poland-China hogs and Shropshire sheep. Politieally Mr. Finseth is a Republican and has ocenpied many prominent public offices, having served with satisfaction as town chairman and supervisor for many years, town assessor two years, road overseer for one year, and school clerk seventeen years. During his term of office as town chairman he was instrumental in building the largest bridge in the township and caused the new road to the bridge approach to be laid out. Aside from his political offices, Mr. Finseth has represented the intercsts of his fellow men in his church, the Root Prairie Lutheran, and has served as trustee for six years. He is elerk of the Root Prairie Telephone Company. In January, 1881, he married Irene Sorenson, daughter of Erik and Irene Sophia (Lunda) Sorenson, and to them Ida Carolina, Tillie, Edwin, Selma, Theodore Rinehart, Justin and Lillian have been born. Edwin married Aleda Danielson, and Selma is the wife of Lewis Peterson.

Elias A. Ness, a progressive citizen of Pilot Mound, has oeeupied many public offices in that township, among which are supervisor for many years, town assessor eight years, clerk of school board for twelve years and pathmasier several times. He was born in Wisconsin, February 21, 1860, son of Andrew and Annie (Bringe) Ness, natives of Norway, who eame to this country in

1853 and located in Wisconsin. In 1860 they moved to Pilot Mound, where the father bought a farm, which he broke and developed, experiencing great difficulty in procuring water. Elias was edueated in the common schools of the township and later entered high school in Rushford. After completing his education he worked with his father at well drilling and threshing. In 1889 Mr. Ness bought the home farm, as his father retired from active life ancl moved into Rushford. He now owns 290 aeres, having disposed of 100 acres. Together with his general farming, he makes a specialty of raising pure bred Shorthorn cattle and Poland-China hogs. He owns fourteen horses for general farm work, which were formerly used to operate his threshing machine, now operated by steam. Mr. Ness was the first resident of Pilot Mound to use steam power for threshing, and lhe is ever alert for modern improvements in carrying on his farm industries. He is a stockholder in the Arendahl Creamery, also in the Independent Harvester Company, of Plano, Ill., and he owns stock in the Farmers & Merchants Telephone Company, of Lanesboro, being one of the prime movers in changing from the Bell System to the present one. December 9, 1888, Mr. Ness married Sena, daughter of Lasse and Magnilda (Roseter) Ostrem, and to their marriage have been born Albert, Lumen, Edwin and Justeen. Albert took a scientific course at St. Olaf College, at Northfield, Minn., and also studied agriculture at Minnesota University. Lumen graduates this year from the agricultural course in the University of Minnesota, and Edwin is a student in this department.