Fillmore County, Minnesota - The whole text, 1912 (part 15 of 20)

Christian Vitse was born in Norway, March 10, and came to America with his parents, Justin and Maria Vitse. For many years he worked as a carpenter and he has also done considerable contracting. In 1866 he purchased forty acres in section 10, to which he has since added. He is a Republican in politics and has been director of school board number 7 for more than ten years. In 1886 he married Julia Helgerson, a native of Newburg township, where she was born October 3, 1866. This union has been blessed with ten children, Hannah, Iver, Lina, Charles, Gerhard, Mary, Elmer, Henry, Genea and Archie. The oldest daughter, Flannah, married Harry Larson.

Olaus Sandsness, a representative farmer residing in Norway township, was born October 2, 1867, son of Jacob and Katrina Sandsness, natives of Norway and early settlers in this county. He grew to manhood on the home farm and attended the district school. Until the father's death, in 1884, Olans remained with him, caring for his interests and operating his property. Later purchasing a farm for himself, Mr. Sandsness has since devoted his entire time and attention to cultivating his 108 acres on sections 23-26 and 36. He owns stock in the Rushford Elevator and has other business interests. He is a respected member of the Norwegian Lutheran Church, toward the support of which he has ever been a liberal contributor.

Serven Johnson, now deceased, was born in 1863 at Staucher, Norway, son of John and Olaver, who brought him to America in 1871 and settled in Rushford, where Serven grew to manhood and learned the carpenters' trade. He followed his chosen occupation for many years and became well known and highly respected throughout the community. On July 14, 1886, he married Bertha Sandsness, daughter of Jacob and Katrina Sandsness and sister of Olaus and Julius Sandsness. To this marriage were born five children: Odin, who died at the age of one year; James Monroe; Harold Joseph; Ole Rudolph; and Benhart Sherman. Mr. Johnson died in 1895. Some time later his widow bought her present farm, which is operated by her son James.

Knute Holtegaard was born in Norway June 11, 1864, son of Mr. and Mrs, Ole Holtegaard, who came to the United States in 1869, and lived in Brownsville, Minn., about two weeks, after which they came to Fillmore connty and bought land on section 2, Norway township, in 1870, where they erected the family home and spent the remainder of their days, the father dying in 1892 and the mother in 1907. Knute was educated in the common schools of the county, which he faithfully attended till sixteen years of age, at which time, being large for his age, he was able to do a man's work. He assisted his father on the home farm for five years. When he became of age he married and bought a part of the home farm, where he lived and followed general farming till 1907. At that time he placed his Norway farm in charge of a son, and moved to a new home which he had erected on 280 acres of land in sections 35 and 26, Rushford, which he still owns. This year he is erecting new barns and making other improvements. In addition to his Rushford property he owns 160 acres in Norway township. Formerly he dealt in sheep, keeping a herd of about 200. He now has some good stock, and keeps sufficient horses for farm and family purposes. Te is a member of the Lutheran church and attends services at Highland Prairie. In polities he is a Republican and has held several local offices, but has been too much engrossed in business to wish offices which would take too much of his time. He is one of the Rushford board, having served for four years. Ile has also been school treasurer. He is of a social nature and is a member of the Modern Woodmen of America. In June, 1884, he married Mary Olstad, of Preston township, and to them have been born twelve children, four of whom died in infancy. Oscar, the oldest, is now on the old home place. He married Minda Josephine Benson (Endru). Emma married Henry Oian, of Rushford township. Clara isin Canada. Alfred is a farmer and landholder in Houston county. Carl, George, Mamie, and Cora are all at home, and the two latter attend the local school.

Julius Sandsness was born in Norway township, February 28, 1873, son of Jacob and Katrina Sandsness. He spent the years of his boyhood in going to the country school and in making himself useful to his father on the home farm. In 1903 he bought 260 acres in sections 23 and 26 and has since carried on general farming, stockraising and dairying, prospering by good management, He is a member of the Republican party and has served in different public offices in the township, having been a director of the school board and also road overseer for several terms. Among his various business interests he owns shares in the Norway creamery and the Rushford elevator. He attends the Lutheran church. February 22, 1901, Mr. Sandsness married Tilda Howard and to them have been born: Marvel, Joseph, Benhard, Henry, Mabel and Oveda.

Christian J. Thompson, supervisor of Norway township, was born in Norway, February 19, 1862, son of Jens and Mathia (Haagenson) Thompson, who brought him to America at the age of seven years. Jn the spring of 1883 he went to North Dakota, where he preémpted a claim of 200 acres. In 1890 he disposed of his 200 acres, after which he returned to the old homestead in Norway township, where he now makes his home. He owns 245 acres on sections 25 and 36 and carries on general farming, being successful in his chosen occupation and becoming more prosperous with each succeeding year. He married Sophia Halvorsen on March 30, 1888, and to them have been born James

Oscar, Martin Rudolph, and Clarence Selmer. The members of the family attend the Norwegian Lutheran church, being highly respected communicants of that body. Mr. Thompson has been elected to his present position as township supervisor for eleven successive years. He has also been pathmaster and a director on the school board. Commercially he is president of the Norway Creamery Association and treasurer of the local telephone company.

Jens Thompson was born in Norway, and there married Mathia Haagenson. They came to America and located in this county. In 1870 the father was employed in laying tracks on the railroad west of Fountain, and in that fall he purchased forty acres of railroad land, paying ten dollars an acre. This farm he broke and cultivated. Times were hard and conveniences few, water having to be carried a distance of over a mile for many years. In 1883 he rented this farm and purchased another. In the spring of that year he went to North Dakota, where he took a claim of 160 acres, on which he now resides.

Felix Meighen was born in Greene county, Pa., January 18, 1812, a son of William Meighen. William Meighen was a native of Donagal, North Ireland, and after coming to this country, settled first in Maryland, later moving to Greene county, Pennsylvania, where the subject of this sketch was born. Felix grew up and was educated in Greene county and later taught school 'there. In 1847 he went to Illinois, settled near the city of Galena and engaged in lead mining in company with his brothers, William and Dennis, until 1853. In the latter year, in the month of May, he, together with his friend and _ brother-in-law, Robert M. Foster, now of Austin, Minn., came to this county and where Forestville village now stands staked claims on sections 12 and 13 of that township. Together they erected a log house and store building about 80 rods north of the present home of Thomas J. Meighen. Mr. Meighen then returned to Illinois and continued in the mining business and also served as deputy sheriff of Joe Davies county until 1855. In May, 1855, he returned to Forestville with his family and became actively engaged in the merchandise business and farming in partnership with Robert M. Foster, under the firm name of Foster & Meighen. The store being opened and operated by Mr. Foster, of the firm, from and after Oetober 1, 1853, was the first store in Fillmore county. This enterprise was patronized by the farmers and village people and grew to a thriving business. The partnership was continued until 1868, when Mr. Foster withdrew from the business and Mr. Meighen continued alone, with the assistance of his sons, T. J. and Joseph P. Felix Meighen was a great fancier of well bred stock and did much to encourage the farmers building up their herds. He bought and sold many acres of land and carried on extensive farming operations. Ile was a close student of public questions and always interested in polities, but as one who only desired good government, and had no ambition to hold office. He was, however, prevailed upon to accept the office of postmaster at Forestville, which he held for over twenty years. Felix Meighen had a remarkably acute mind. He could arrive at a decision in an intricate case, or could pass upon the character of a person instantly, and such decision or estimate of a person never necded revision. He was a philosopher and extremely practical. He was able to put much meaning in a few words; some epigrams coined by him are yet frequently quoted by the old settlers. He had a splendid legal mind and would have made a great jndge. In 1845 he married Eliza Jane Foster, of Steubenville, Ohio, and to them were born eight children: Susan, Catherine, Joseph P., Maria C., Thomas J., Eliza Jane, Martha E., and William, who died in infancy. Mrs. Meighen was the best type of pioneer mother. She was the good Samaritan, the physician and nurse and comforter when sickness or death visited any family in the neighborhood, and was generous, kind and loved by all who knew her. She died July 23, 1894, aud was survived by the subject of this sketeh less than two years, he dying January 21, 1896. They are buried beside their daughters Susan and Catherine in the Catholic cemetery beside the church of St. Ligouri in Carimiona township.

Carl J. Johnson, organizer and leader of the Peterson Coneert Band, was also instrumental in gathering talent for this band, and in erecting the beautiful band stand which is now an ornament to the village of Peterson. Mr. Johnson is a native of this county, born in Peterson in 1882. His parents, John Walebye and Julia (Hoff) Johnson, were born in Norway, and there grew up and were married. They came to America in 1875, first locating in Wisconsin, and two years later moving to Peterson, where the father worked at his trade as carpenter. Carl J. was educated in the common schools and after reaching young manhood, entered the mercantile business. In 1898 he went to Carimona, this county, and became manager of S. C. Thompson's general store. In this position he gave excellent satisfaction for two years, when he resigned and returned to his home town. A year later he opened for business Peterson's first exelusive restaurant and confectionery, which he operated for two years with success. Mr. Johnson is at present employed by T. A. Jackson, in the mereantile business, which position he has held the past nine years. Mr. Johnson is recorder for the village of Peterson, and has held this office since the village was organized. He is also treasurer of the board of education, having occupied this office for five years. On June 10, 1903, Mr. Johnson married Edith M. King, of Carimona, this county. She is the daughter of Osmer L. and Lucetta (Spies) King and was formerly a music teacher. Mr. and Mrs. Johnson are parents of Marion Ruth, Doris Abigal, Glen Osmer and Ray Carlton.

Thomas J. Meighen has long been considered one of Fillmore county's foremost citizens and his interests and activities extend far beyond the county's boundaries to the affairs of the state and nation. From his early manhood it has almost been a passion with him to serve the interests of, and to have a standing with, the common people instead of with the privileged few. Early in life he was an active worker in the Greenback party. When the movement for the establishment of the Farmers' Alliance was started he at once became one of the leaders and was made the first vice president of the Minnesota organization of that party, when Ignatius Donelly was president. He was chairman of the First Minnesota state committee of the people's party, being elected to the chairmanship by the favor of such men as Ignatius Donelly, Sidney M. Owen, Gen. James H. Baker, William W. Irwin and others, with whom he served. As chairman of the state committee he had much to do with the organization of the People's party in Minnesota, and was rewarded by seeing his friend, Mr. Owen, receive over 84,000 votes for governor; enough People's party men elected to hold the balance of power in the state legislature; and Halder E. Boen sent to Congress from the Ninth district. Mr. Meighen wag national committeeman in 1896, 1900 and 1908. Ife was a member of the State Board of Equalization, appointed by Governor Lind in 1899 to 1900, and by Governor Johnson for his entire term, altogether about seven years. While on this board the record he made for justice to all the varied interests in the state is too well and favorably known to need repetition here. In 1900 he was the candidate of the Democratic and People's parties for lieutenant governor. In 1902 he was the People's party candidate for governor. In this year Van Sant was elected. In 1894 he was a candidate for Congress on the People's party ticket. His devotion to the cause he believes to be that of the common people, when rewards in the form of high office could have been secured by allying himself with other parties, is as remarkable as it is characteristic of the man. Though of independent mind and a natural leader, he is unassuming and democratic in his bearing and easily approached by any who need his counsel or assistance. Though his political activities have been great and almost continuous, he has not neglected his many business interests. His home farm of 1200 acres in Forestville is under his immediate supervision. He owns much land in this county, as well as other tracts in southern Minnesota and elsewhere. He is also the president of the First National Bank of Preston, which position he has held since the organization of the bank, ten years ago. The subject of this sketch was born in the village of Forestville, this county, August 21, 1855, son of Felix and Eliza Jane (Foster) Meighen. He here grew up and attended the first public school of the county. At thirteen years of age he left school and assisted his father in the general mercantile business at Forestville. When fifteen years of age he was sent to Chicago to buy goods for the store and made periodical trips to that city for the same purpose for many years. It was while on one of these trips that he witnessed the great Chicago fire. After 1878 he assumed full charge of the mercantile business and managed to a great extent his father's estate. On September 6, 1897, he was united in marriage with Mary Broderick, who was born in England of Irish parentage, but who had lived in Pennsylvania and Minnesota most of her life. To this union have been born three children, Margaret, Thomas J. Jr. and Joseph Felix, all of whom are in St. Paul at school. For educational advantages the family spends a part of each year in St. Paul; but the old homestead at Forestville is still the family home, of which they are justly proud.

Martin 0. Howe, well known in this county us contractor and builder, was born in Pilot Mound township, October 13, 1870, son of Martin and Mary Peterson IIowe, who came to this country from Norway, their native land. The father died in 1870, and the mother married Ole O. Kleven, also a native of Norway. who came to this country in 1869 and settled on a farm in Car!- ton township. In 1882 Myr. Kleven purchased a farm in Pilot Mound township, which he operated until his death, in 1892. Martin O. acquired a common school education and stayed on the home farm until May, 1890, during which year he went to Tyler, Minn., and secured employment as a carpenter with Contractor Ole Kelson. From that time he made rapid advancement in his chosen work. In 1892 he weut to Tracy, Minn., and secured employment as a carpenter with Pollum Bros., contractors, which firm he assisted in building three churches in Tracy that year. After his step-father's death he returned home to the farm, but continued to work at his trade as 2 carpenter. He has assisted in building the United Luthern church in Arendah! township and the church at Root Prairie, being elected by the congregation of the latter to act as private overseer of its building. Jn 1897 he decided to become a contractor on his own responsibility. Mr. [lowe has been most successful and has erected many fine buildings throughout this and adjoining counties. The United Lutheran Church at Pilot Mound, which structure was designed and built by him, has been a pride to the members of its congregation. The home of O. K. Finseth, which is considered one of the finest in the township, was also designed and built by Mr. Howe. Te has been active in public affairs, has been chairman of the school board for many years, is present secretary of the Pilot Mound Lutheran Church, has been chairman of the local M. W. A. for years; and in fact, has done everything possible for the good of the community. He married Amanda Fenske, daughter of Henry and Emelia (Rosentke) Fenske, and to them have been born: Mary Emelia, Alma Morilla, Joseph Elmer, and Esther Thea Cecelia, the latter of whom died in 1900.

Major W. A. Hotchkiss was born in White Hall, N. Y., February 2, 1823. Haviug served apprenticeship at the printing business, he followed the same uninterruptedly until 1846, when he volunteered in the Mexican War. Upon arriving at Vera Cruz he was promoted to a non-commissioned officer and served on General Scott's line of operations to the City of Mexico. At the elose of the war he followed his profession at Albany, N. Y., and served one year in the legislature as assistant sergeant-atarms. He came to Minnesota in May, 1854, and commenced the publication of the ''Northwestern Democrat'' at Minneapolis, the population of that city being then less than fifty. This was the first paper published west of the Mississippi river in the then territory of Minnesota. After four years he sold it and moved onto his farm in Wright county. At the breaking out of the Rebellion he organized a battery (the Second Minnesota) and was commissioned as captain. After participating in the siege of Corinth, he joined the campaign against Bragg, doing valuable service in the most hotly contested parts of the field. For good conduct in the battle of Stone River he was brevetted a major by General Rosecranz and given a command of an artillery brigade of three batteries, serving always in the front lines. Major Hotchkiss was ordered to take command of the artillery defense of Chattanooga and completed the defense in a week; at the end of that time had 110 guns commanding approaches. He was subsequently given an independent command with headquarters at Philadelphia, Tenn., where he remained until the close of the war.

In 1866 he purchased the ''Fillmore County Republican,'' changing the name in 1880 to ''National Republican,'' which he edited until the year 1903, when he sold the paper, being admon- ished by advancing years, that he must lay aside as many cares as possible. Major Hotchkiss was an original progressive; he advocated more than thirty years ago the very reforms that are now being accepted by so many voters of all parties. It required courage of a rare order to stand for these progressive measures when Major Hotchkiss first became their advocate. His paper fought the old Minnesota ''Credit Loan Bond'' swindle almost alone. His paper was the organ in the state of the National Greenback party, and was one of the leading and the most reliable advocate of the People's party in Minnesota. Major Wotchkiss, the veteran of two wars, always loyal to his country, always faithful to his friends, is now in his ninetieth year, quite vigorous in body and mind, enjoying @ well earned rest in his home, beside the families of his children, Frank and Laura, at Kent, in the state of Washington.

John Kinsella is one of the representative citizens of Carrolton, in which township he was born September 12, 1859, son of Andrew and Catherine (Redmond) Kinsella. Andrew Kinsella was born in County Wexford, Ireland, in 1830. When a young man he came to America and worked his way west to Minnesota, here homesteading in 1855 a claim on section 10, Carrolton township, on which he built a log cabin. It is claimed he brought the first team of horses into this part of the country. He was later injured in a runaway, as the result of which he died August 15, 1861. His wife passed away in June, 1888. In the humble log house, erected by the father, John, the subject of this biography, grew to manhood, working on the home farm and attending school in district No. 50. After reaching manhood he erected a frame house on the homestead and there resides at the present time, the home being known as ''Fair View.'' As time and opportunity have afforded, Mr. Kinsella has added to his original possessions, until he now has 378 acres, all of which is tillable land. He has made many improvements, and erected a fine set of outbuildings. The large, fine barn which he built in 1911, stands out in prominence. Together with general farming interests, he makes a specialty of dealing in sheep, cattle and horses. He buys, feeds and ships to Chicago, accompanying the stock himself. The profits and loss of his business are all pooled by him and his family, with no outside partner or company assistance. He is a business man in every respect and is very highly respected in his community and by all with whom he has commercial transactions. He was married January 7, 1880, to Margaret Leahy, who was a most devoted wife and loving mother. She died October 20, 1888, leaving two sons, James F. and Andrew J., who are associated with their father at the home of Fair View.

On January 21, 1896, Mr. Kinsella was united in the bonds of matrimony to Auna Lynch, a daughter of John and Elizabeth (Enright) Lynch, early settlers of Fillmore county, the former of whom died July 22, 1911, and the latter of whom now resides in Holt township. To Mr. Kinsella, by his second marriage to Auna Lynch, one daughter, Catherine, has been born. Mr. Kinsella is a member of the A. O. UH. The members of the family belong to the St. Patrick's Catholic Church of Lanesboro.

Nels John L. Olness was born in Arendahl township in 1883, son of Lars O. and Margrethe Nelson (Hyldesgard) Olness. He attended the district school near home and completed his education with a course in the Jewell Lutheran College, Jewell, Iowa, in 1904. After graduating from this institution, he returned to his father's farm, which he operates at the present time, carrying on general farming, raising pure-bred cattle and hogs, and owning eight horses for general farm and driving purposes. As secretary of the local creamery, in which he is a heavy stockholder, he has given universal satisfaction for several years. He is also a stockholder in the elevator. On June 12, 1907, Mr. Olness married Bertha Hermanson, and they are the parents of two sons, Manvel Luther and Joseph Martin. The family worships at the Lutheran church.

John Mulvihill, one of the pioneer settlers of Fillmore county, has by hard work, untiring efforts and dauntless courage, become one of its most substantial and respected citizens. Born in the Parish of Glinn, County Limerick, Ireland, in 1882, he received his education in the common schools of his fatherland and there grew to manhood. In 1852 he set sail for America, and spent two years in Mlinois and Iowa. In 1854 he came to Fillmore eounty and took a claim in Carrolton township, where he remained but a short time, after which he returned to Illinois. In 1856 he came back to this county and found that his claim had been jumped. He then secured 160 acres of land in sections 19 and 20, paying $100 for the claim rights to a man who had filed on it, in addition te which he had to pay $1.25 an acre to the government. Myr. Mulvihill broke and grubbed the land, erected a good substantial log cabin and added to his possessions from time to time, until he now owns 440 acres. He and his family made their home in the log house until 1884, when he built his present frame house. At the present time he lives practically a retired life, the farm being conducted by his son, Michael J. Mr. Mulvihill has always taken an active interest in whatever has been toward the good and betterment of his town and county. For three years he served as town chairman, was on the town board of supervisors five years, was town treasurer one year and was treasurer of his school district for forty-five years. He is an independent voter. Mr. Mulvihill was united in marriage in the land of his birth in 1851 to Margaret Cox, and through all their married life she proved a most devoted helpmate. Her death, which occurred October 10, 1910, was mourned by a Jarge circle of friends and relatives. To Mr. and Mrs. Mulvihill ten children were born, of whom six are living: Ellen, now Mrs. William LaRowe, of Montevedio, Minn.; Mary, now Mrs. V. R. Wadden, of Madison, S. D.; Catherine, now Mrs. Daniel O'Connell, of Raemona, §. D.; John, also of Racmona, S. D.; M. J., who condnets the home farm, and Johanna, now Mrs. Jerry Mulvihill, of Oxford Junction, Iowa.

Lars 0. Olness, one of the early settlers, was born in Sogen, Norway, there reeeiving his education and fitting himself for the occupation of a farmer. In 1866 he came to America and found his way to Minnesota. In 1871 he located in Arendahl township, where he acquired land, which he grubbed, broke and developed. Like other early settlers in the vicinity, he endured many privations. Water was one and a half miles distant, the faithful wife carried it as the husband worked in the fields. Gradually, as the years passed, their efforts were rewarded, good crops repaid their toil, and they became more aid more prosperous. Mr. Olness was clerk of the sehool board for a period of nine years and for twenty-eight years he has been honored with the office of trustee of the Hague Norwegian Lutheran Church at Peterson. Among business interests, aside from his general farming, he owns shares in the local creamery and elevator. Mr. Olness was married a short time after his arrival in America to Margrethe Nelson Hyldesgard, also a native of Sogen. Mr. and Mrs. Olness had ten children. Three boys died in infancy. Annie is now Mrs. Carl A. Luckassen. Susie married Gustave Gorder and died in 1901. Ingar O. is Mrs. John Gorder. Louise N. marricd Bernt C. Benson and died in 1904. Nels John married Bertha Hermanson. Ole T. lives with his father at Peterson. Emma C. is the wife of Edward 0. Boyum. Mrs. Lars Olness died June 4, 1907. In 1904 Mr. and Mrs. Olness retired from farming and moved to Peterson.

John T, Healy was born in Seales Mound, near Galena, Il, February 11, 1856, the son of Thomas and Mary (Kelly) Healy, both parents born in Ireland.

John, the subject of this sketch, came to Minnesota with his parents in 1856, when less than one year old. The family consisted at that time, beside the parents and the subject of this sketch, of an elder brother, Frank, who has served as county attorney of Minneapolis for many years and is now a leading lawyer and respected citizen of that city.

The father, Thomas Healy, settled on a claim upon his arrival in the state in the town of Carimona, in this county, which has ever since remained the family homestead.

John T. grew to manhood and was educated in the schools of Fillmore county, having attended high school at Preston. After leaving school he taught several terms of school in this county, after which he entered the employ of the McCormick Machine Company. Fe was a general collector for the company in North Dakota for more than ten years. In the year 1893 he resigned his position with the McCormick company and returned to Fillmore county, where, on June 21 of that year, he was married to Martha E. Meighen, the youngest daughter of Felix and Eliza Jane Meighen, of Forestville. Thereafter, in 1897, he settled on his farm in Carimona township, where he resided until his death, on the 11th day of December, 1908. He had planned and just completed a splendid country home when death called him. He was buried in the Catholic cemetery beside the Church of St. Ligouri, in Carimona township.

John Healy was a magnificent specimen of physical manhood; his purity of heart and cleanness of mind were comparable to his splendid physique. He had good ability and splendid integrity ; he could readily discover sham and thoroughly despised it. He was always the foremost man in the community and was frequently sought by young and old when they desired wise counsel. He was trusted by all and never betrayed a trust or proved disloyal to a friend.

D. J. Tew, proprietor of the Rushford City Mills, and one of the prosperous and successful business men of Rushford, was born in the township of Le Roy, in northern Ohio, November 10, 1835, that part of the country then being known as the Western Reserve or New Connecticut. He was reared in a pioneer home, obtained a good schooling, and started teaching in 1856, at the age of twenty-one, receiving sixty dollars for three months' services. In the spring of 1857 he came to Minnesota, then a territory, and reached Rushford May 5. At this time there were few buildings in what is now the city; two general stores, one saloon, a log tavern, conducted by C. G. Hulbert, and seven or eight log cabins. The mill was also in operation. After looking over the ground, Mr. Tew returned to Illimois, and in the fall of 1857 taught school in Monticello, Piatt county, Ill. The next spring he went to Wisconsin, and in the fall once more returned to his birthplace. Here his time was taken up teaching and attending school. In 1860, seeing the need of improving his education still more, he went to Oberlin College, Oberlin, Ohio, and was there at the outbreak of the Civil War. The company in which he enlisted was not accepted, but later he served six months in the quartermaster's department under Captain Gobart, at Du Vall's Bluff, Ark. At the close of the Civil War he turned westward and arrived in Rushford in September, 1865. On September 20, 1865, he, in company with G. W. and 'R. H. Valentine, purchased the Hiram Walker interest in the old mill, and they conducted it under the name of Valentines & Tew. In the winter of 1865, Mr. Tew taught school in the stone schoolhouse, since enlarged, and now the residence of F, A. Olson. He also taught the fall term of 1866 in the ''Chapel,'' which is now owned by Dr. J. W. Magelssen. November 28, 1866, he was united in marriage to Luana A. Valentine, who was also a teacher. They went on a wedding journey to Ohio, and in the spring of 1867 returned to Rushford by rail. Immediately on returning, Mr. Tew took up his occupation as miller and prosecuted it with vigor. At that time the milling industry was at its height. There was an abundance of wheat of good quality, and a ready sale of four. Flour at this time was sold for $6.50 a barre]. In the summer of 1874, Mr. Tew and G, W. Valentine, his partner, who was in poor health, visited California. November 7 of this year, the original Rushford mill burned, together with eight thousand bushels of wheat and two hundred barrels of flour. There was no insurance and the loss on stock and machinery was considerable. Nothing daunted, the proprietors immediately began the erection of the present mill, and it began grinding in the month of February, 1876. In March of that year G. W. Valentine died and for a time the mill was operated by his heirs and D. J. Tew and R. H. Valentine. August 1, 1879, Mr. Tew became sole owner and has operated it continuously since that date. The mill did an extensive business, at one time exceeding 40,000 bushels of exchange annually. The amount of four shipped to the Eastern and Southern states at the time wheat was the main crop here was around 15,000 barrels a year. Besides this, there was a large amount sold in the towns about here.

Mr. Tew married Luana A., daughter of John aud Polly (Cady) Valentine, a native of Ohio, and they have had two children: Elbert, now deceased, and Estella, the wife of C. P. Sprague. Of Mr. Tew it has been said: ''He is a progressive and noted business man, and has ever lived a useful life. Always afiiliated with the progress of our city, with her best interests constantly at heart, noted far and wide in the milling industry,

Of the history of the mill, before Mr. Tew became interested in it, the following has been said: ''The flour mill had been started when Mr. Tew made his first visit here, and though the country was sparsely settled, was doing a good business, as custom eame from a long distance. It stood about thirty rods west of the present mill, right beside the dam. It was built by H. Walker and R. H. Valentine in 1856. This was the noted yeur of the crust, and the owners overcame many obstacles in the building. Their machinery had to be hauled from Winona, and they started with it and got as far as Hall's tavern before the snow got so deep and the crust so hard that the use of horses or eattle for hauling was impossible. Hall's tavern lay about eleven miles north of Rushford, where the Chatfield road coming from the west meets the Rushford road coming from the south. Here was a conundrum. The mill frame was up and the proprietors were anxious to get to work, and yet their machinery was eleven miles away, and the use of teams impossible. But not to be overcome by difficulties, they hired a dozen men on skis, who went to Hall's tavern and hauled the machinery to Rushford on large hand sleds, built for the purpose. When they descended hils they had to use ropes tied to trees to let the sleds down slowly.''

Oscar Dahl, merchant, postmaster, and a leading business man of Prosper, Minn., was born in Canton township, December 20, 1875, son of Lars O. and Beret (Halseth) Dahl. After receiving his education in the public schools of Canton, he spent five years in the creamery business. In 1898 he engaged in the mercantile business at Prosper, in which he has sinee continued. In February, 1900, he was appointed postmaster. He is president of the Prosper Co-operative Creamery, a director in the State Line Bank of Prosper, president of the Prosper Lumber Company, and a director in the Northwestern Consolidated Land, Lumber & Iron Company, of Wappello, Mo. THe is a member of Canton Lodge, No. 194, A. F. & A. M., and of the I. O. O. F. of Alexandria, Miun. Mr. Dahl was married September 2, 1900, to Ella Beach, a sister of Mrs. G. W. Wilford. The family faith is that of the Lutheran church.

Johannes H, Johnson Engray was born in Norway in 1865, son of Halvor and Asper Engrav, who brought him to America when he was four years of age, locating in Iowa, where the parents passed the remainder of their lives, the father passing away November 27, 1911, and the mother on December 18, 1910. The subject of this sketch acquired a common school edueation in Iowa, there grew to manhood and assisted his father with the work on the farm, from him learning the scientific principles of agricultural operations. On October 12, 1892, he came to Minnesota and located in Norway township, this county, where two years previous he had purchased a farm. Mr. Johnson now owns 200 acres on section 17 and carries on general farming and stock raising. Politically he is affiliated with the Republican party, and has served as supervisor of the township for one term and treasurer of the school district for several terms. He married Minne M. Hersrud, November 17, 1888, and she has borne him nine children. The six living are: Hattie, Julia, Carl, Clara, Walter and Henry. 'The family is united with the Norwegian Lutheran Synod.

Edward Lynch and his wife, Catherine Barry, natives of Ireland, were born in County Cork. They crossed the ocean and came among the carly settlers of Carrolton township, where they took land and engaged in general farming, making their home in a log cabin until the times allowed better advantages. They were the parents of six children: John, of Luverne, Minn.; Edward, of Woonsocket, N. D.; Johanna, uow Mrs. James Fitzgerald, of Rock county, Minnesota; Michael, who owns and conducts the old homestead in Carrolton township; Mary, now Mrs. Cornelius Bresnahan, of Holt township, and Frances, now Mrs. John W. Fitzgerald, of Carrolton. Edward Lynch died in 1874. Catherine (Barry) Lynch died in 1903.

Edson R. Willford, who owns a fine farm of 160 aercs in seetions 30 and 31, Canton township, was born on the old home farm in Canton township, June 14, 1859, and received his edueation in the little school house which stood on his father's farm. During vacation seasons he worked with his father, thus preparing himself for the useful life of a farmer. In 18938 he purchased his present farm. He has greatly improved and beautified the place, and in 1905 erected his pleasant home, which is practically modern throughout. My. Willford was married June 16, 1887, to Mary McKay, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Peter McKay, and three children have blessed their home: Mildred J., Claude B. and Donald E. Mr. Willford is a strong temperance worker. He has served his town as a member of the board of supervisors and as school treasurer of district 25, and is a stockholder in the Farmers' Elevator at Canton.

John W. Fitzgerald, was born in County Kerry, Ireland, May 1, 1860, sou of James and Hanora (Fitzgerald) Fitzgerald, who, with their son John W., crossed ithe Atlantic for America in

1862, coming at onee to Winona, Minn. James and his wife walked from that point to Carrolton township, bringing with them their son, John W. After their arrival they bought a farm and then sent to Ireland for four children whom they had left behind. After purchasing their farm in Carrolton township, the family lived in a dug-out. A few years later they erected a substantial log house, in which they-spent the remainder of their lives, the father passing away October 18, 1892, and the mother July 5, 1902. They were the parents of seven children: Johanna, who became Mrs. E. Maloney, and died June 22, 1911; James, of Roek county; Bridget, who is now Mrs. John Lynch, of Rock county, Minnesota; Elizabeth, who is now Mrs. Michael Bergan, of Springwater, Minnehaha county, Minn.; John W., of Carrolton township, this county, and Michael J. and Mary, who are deceased. The last two mentioned were born in America. John W., subject of this biography, acquired his education in the old log school house in district 51, near the home of his parents, and spent his vacation months working on the home farm, thereby fitting himself for the useful life of a farmer. That he has succeeded in his chosen work is evidenced by his farm of 560 acres. For eighteen years Mr. Fitzgerald has occupied the office of elerk of school district No. 51. Ile also served his town as a member of the board of supervisors for two years and as township assessor for a period of five years, filling all offices to which he has been elected with both credit and ability, He was united in the bonds of matrimony January 24, 1888, to Frances Lynch, born February 10, 1865, daughter of Edward and Catherine (Barry) Lynch. To them four children have been born: James, deceased, and Gertrude, Edward and Raymond, living at home. The members of the family worship at and are esteemed members and loyal contributors of St. Patriek's Chureh, of Lanesboro.

Myr. and Mrs. Fitzgerald take particular pride in their beautiful farm of 560 acres, located in sections 7, 8 and 17, Carrolton township. Its well tilled area of beautiful rolling prairie, its picturesque groves, which break the sweep of the winter winds; its productiveness and its well-kept aspect, all speak in the highest terms of the thrift, success, Judgment and taste of its owners. The stately and modern home shows a striking contrast to the **dug-out'' and the log cabin of the early days, and is typical of the progress and development which the county has known. This home, which presents the appearance of a manor house of an English estate, is situated on the southwest quarter of section 8, and is approached from the main road by a winding drive. About the house are spreading lawns, abundant shrubbery, fruitful orchards, thick hedges, orderly gardens and beds of flowers. Cement walks connect the house with the road and with the out- buildings, adding that finishing touch of distinction which never fails to elicit exclamations of admiration from passers-by. The outbuildings are fully in keeping with the home. It is not in appearance alone, however, that the place excels. The home is modern in every respect, containing a hot-water heating plant, running hot and cold water, and many other conveniences. An electric light plant is also to be installed in the near future. The Fitzgeralds have delighted in sharing their comforts with their friends, and a cheery spirit pervades the place, Mrs. Fitzgerald's hospitality and her ability as a housewife being widely known. Conveniences have lightened the labor of home and farm, and the owners have evidently solved the problem of making rural life attractive and pleasant. All-in-all, it has been said that the Fitzgeralds have the ideal home farm of Fillmore county.

Gustave M, Johnson, farmer and veterinary surgeon, was born in Norway, August 12, 1866, son of Mathias and Ellen Johuson, who brought him to Ameriea, settling first at Lansing, Iowa, then moving to Newburg township, this county, and finally purchasmg a farm in Holt township, where the father died and where the mother now resides, the property being worked by Frederick, brother of the subject of this sketch. Gustave M. acquired a common school education and early in life manifested an interest in veterinary surgery, to which profession he now devotes much time and skill. He owns a farm of eighty acres on section six and there carries on agricultural pursuits, raising stock and interesting himself in dairying. He is a Republican politically and has occupied the office of treasurer of the school board for a period of time. September 4, 1889, he married Jessie Easton, born June. 29, 1867, in West Union, Iowa. To Mr. and Mrs. Johnson seven children bave been born: Lottie E., Martin E., Ruth M., Esther B., Arthur L., Louis and Alice. The family faith is that of the United Lutheran ehurch.

W. 8. Aarnes, D. D. S., was born at Springfield, Minn., January 22, 1885, son of August and Julia (Hellickson) Aarnes. He removed with his parents to Montevideo, Chippewa county, Minn., in the year of his birth, and there acquired his primary education and grew to manhood. He later entered the University of | Minnesota, graduating from the dental department in the class of 1907, after which he returned to Montevideo and there opened an office, building up a fast increasing business. The success with which he met the demands of the public and the general satisfaction given, won for him a good reputation. Soon afterward he came to Lanesboro, where he has a well equipped and modern office, and engages in al! branches of dental surgery with

August Aarnes was born at Fredericksal, Norway, and emigrated to America in about 1855, at the age of eighteen years. He first located at LaCrosse, Wis., where he was employed in the lumber yard. Later he moved to Rochester, Minn., and there was engaged as clerk in a hardware store. In 1878 he moved to Springfield, Minn., where he engaged in the grain business until 1885, that year moving to Montevideo, Minn., where he engaged in the same line of business. He was later elected county auditor of Chippewa county, which position he held for about ten years. Tle is now engaged in the mercantile business at Montevideo. He was united in marriage to Julia Hellickson, daughter of Matthew and Anna Hellickson, territorial pioneers of Fillmore, and the first settlers of Bloomfield township. Mr. and Mrs. Aarnes were the parents of nine children: Maria, a teacher in Spokane, Wash.; Constance, now Mrs. F. J. Reburtus, of Wagner, §. D.; Alivilda, who is a trained nurse at Portland, Ore.; Paul, who is farming at Milestone, Canada; Julia, who is a milliner at Montevideo; Dr. W. 8., of Lanesboro; Selma, now Mrs. R. D. Sannders, of Minneapolis; Rudolph, who is clerking at Milestone, Canada; Helen, who resides at home.

John McLeod, an honored pioneer, was born in Nova Scotia, October 31, 1846, son of Roderick and Isabelle (McDonald) McLeod, of Scotiand, who came to Ameriea in 1844, lived a time in Nova Scotia, located in Dodge county, Wisconsin, in 1851, and on dune 3, 1854, moved to Rushford, where the father took a claim of 160 acres on sections ten and eleven, on which property there was a humble shanty in which the family lived until they erected the comfortable frame dwelling in which the father now lives at the advanced age of ninety-threc years. John, the subject of this biography, acquired his education in the neighborhood. At one time he attended school in a very poorly built shanty of slabs which was located on land of which he later in life became the owner. He also attended school in the house which 1s now the home of Fred Olson. At the age of twentysix years, Mr. McLeod went to Nova Scotia and married Mary Isabelle Fraser, daughter of Alexander and Isabelle (Campbell) Fraser. Returning to Rushford the following year, he and his bride settled on a farm of sixty acres which he had previously purchased and to which he soon added eighty acres more. There for many years he has carried on agricultural industries with success, prospering by dint of hard work and good management. That he has the confidence and high esteem of his fellow citizens is evidenced by the many public offices in which he has served. He has been a member of both town and school board for thirty years; and in fact, has occupied nearly all town offices with the exception of that of treasurer.

He hag been president of the Farmers' Mutual Insurance Company of Preble for the past fifteen years, and is a stockholder in the creamery and farmers' elevator at Rushford, as well as in the Rushford telephone exchange. He has been through the chairs of the Mystic Star Lodge, No. 69, A. F. & A. M., and has been prominently affiliated with other organizations. To Mr. and Mrs. McLeod seven children were born: Mary C., married H. C. MeMillen, resides in Albert Lea, and has four children; Alexander F. married Janie Ferguson and has three children; William H. married Elizabeth Ferguson and has three children; George is deceased; Isabelle married Frank Robertson and has two children; John A. married Pearl Monk and has two children; Christie is teaching in Montana.

Martin Magnuson was born in Hart township, Winona county, on August 23, 1862, son of Gabric] and Mary Magnuson, natives of Norway, where they lived till 1860, when they came to this country and settled first in Rushford township, this county, the following year moving to Hart township, Winona county, and two years later returning to Fillmore county and buying land in section seven, Rushford township, where they spent the remainder of their lives, the father dying in 1870 and the mother in 1907. Martin was but eight years old when his father died, and consequently the burdens of manhood fell early on his shoulders and he did not have much time to attend school. Even as a boy he assisted his mother materially in farming the home place, and when twenty years of age he rented the farm from her. After he had saved sufficient capital he bought the place, and now owns 175 acres in sections seven, six, five and eight, Rushford. He keeps a herd of from 25 to 30 grade Shorthorn cattle. He formerly kept a large number of sheep, but in recent years has kept a comparatively small number. He has several mules and raises from 20 to 25 Poland China hogs annually. In political views Mr. Magmison is a Democrat, and though living in a community with a large Republican majority, he has held a number of offices, among which are clerk and treasurer of the school board in district number 160, for a period of nine years. In June, 1888, he married Jacobina Woxland, and this union has been blessed with seven children: Gerhart, Garman, Inga Elisa, Maria Tomine, Clara Regine, Melvin Johan and John Martin. The Lutheran church of Rushford is the family place of worship.

Rev. Martin John Westphal, the eloquent pastor of the Peterson and Arendahl Norwegian Evangelical Lutheran churches of the Hague Synod, was born in Denmark, July 19, 1861, son of Joachim Daniel Westphal and Metta K. (Bydgaard) Westphal, the former born in Germany, June 7, 1833, and the latter -born in Denmark, March 8, 1837. They left Denmark in 1874, and in May of that year settled with their family in Michigan City, Ind., where they still reside. Martin John remained with his parents till he was twenty-one years of age and then began life on his own responsibility. In 1885 he went to Red Wing Seminary, Red Wing, Minn., from which he graduated in the theological department in 1890. In June, 1890, he was ordained and was called to Crookston, Minn., where he took charge of the Lutheran chureh. The church was one of a newly formed congregation and the building was not completed. THe assisted in making the early completion possible and had the structure dedicated during his pastorate there. After five years he received a call to which he responded and went to Viroqua, Wis., where he had charge of one city and three country churches. Ile there did excellent work for more than nine years. During his pastorate a parsonage was erected at Viroqua. In 1904 he resigned from that position and was called to his present charge, where he has since done such excellent service. On December 20, 1887, he was married to Elizabeth Caroline Larson, a daughter of Hans B. and Bergitta (Olson) Larson, natives of Norway. She was born in Carver county, Minnesota, where the family lived till one year later, when they moved to St. Paul, where she grew to womanhood. Reverend and Mrs. Westphal are the parents of ten children: Victor Emanuel, a graduate of the Academic Department of the Red Wing Seminary, is now in the government service as mail carrier; Harold Joachim, Malvin Benjamin, Reuben Gustav, Ruth Elizabeth, Esther Matine, Alma Katherine, Obed William and Eva Caroline are all at home. Edwin clied at the age of twelve days. Ruth Elizaheth and Esther Matine are twins.

Olaus Olson, veteran of the Civil War and highly esteemed resident of the city of Rushford, was born about five miles north of the city of Christiania, Norway, January 14, 1844, and there spent the early years of his boyhood. In 1861, with an unele, Nels Larson, he crossed the Atlantic to America. After his arrival in this country Mr. Olson was employed at various oecupations for a year near Rushford. During the fall of 1862 he enlisted with the First Minnesota Mounted Rangers, serving for thirteen months. Then he returned to Rushford, and in February, 1864, enlisted in the Second Minnesota Light Artillery and went to Tennessee, where he remained until the close of the war. After being mustered out at Fort Snelling, Minn., he returned to Rushford and worked at his trade as stone mason. Soon the Southern Minnesota was in course of construction and Mr. Olson was foreman of the stone work and built the dam at Lanesboro. He has also had other responsible contracts and erected the Lutheran and Episcopal ehurches in Rushford city, the Catholic church at Lanesboro, and the Overland church in Norway township, as well as many buildings of less importance. In 1871 Mr. Olson moved to Norway township, where he settled on a farm, which he purchased in section twenty-eight, and where for many years he made his home, returning to Rushford city in 1903. Mr. Olson resides in one of the finest dwellings in the city and is spending his latter years amid many comforts which his years of industry have earned him. On December 8, 1867, Mr. Olson married Berget Russell, and to them were born seven children: Nettie, Mary, John, Ole, Caroline, Lars and Amelia. The wife and mother died September 20, 1895. On December 1, 1903, Mr. Olson married Mrs. Christina (Michaelson) Nelson, who was born in Norway, December 18, 1847, and came to America at four years of age with her parents, Michael and Johanna Michaelson. Mr. Olson is a member of the Rushford Post, No. 97, G. A. R. He is a stockholder in the Farmers' Elevator of Rushford city, and while on his farm in Norway township was clerk of schoo) distriet No. 15 for several years, and member of the board of supervisors for fourteen consecutive years.

Henry Stage, pioucer of Fillmore county, now deceased, was born Angust 29, 1830, in Hanover, Germany, and acquired his edneation and learned his trade in his native land, He reached New York in 1851 and there remained for several years, later moving to Dlinois. During May, 1856, he came to Minnesota and settled on a farm in Rushford township. This wild land he prepared for cultivation, and as the years passed and prosperity crowned his hard work he added to his holdings, becoming the owner of a mill, which proved a profitable source of income, and also engaging in raising stock. Beginning with limited means Mr. Stage toiled with a will, and owing to his excellent management and farsightedness he accumulated a comfortable fortune. On February 26, 1864, he enlisted in Company K. Seventh Minnesota Volunteer Infantry and was honorably discharged August 16, 1865. In 1857 he marricd Martha Emery. Two of their four children are now living: Mary, the wife of David Otis, and Orville, living on the- home farm, 'Indian Garden.'? Martha (Emery) Stage died in 1863, and on July 16, 1866, Mr. Stage was wnited in marriage with Sarah Coolidge. To this marriage seven children were born: Margaret, Anna, Alice, William, Carrie, George and Bessie. Margaret married J. A. Johnson and has one daughter, Alice; Anna, the wife of Eugene Summer, has nine children; Alice, now Mrs. G. Ii. Pierce, has seven children; William married Mary Tenberg (now deceased) and has two children; George married Ida Roth; Bessie teaches school in Fairmount; Carrie is deceased. Mr. Stage passed away January 4, 1896, and his death was a great loss to the entire community, especially to Rushford Post, G. A. B., in whieh he had been a valued member. Mrs. Stage moved to Rushford after her husband's death and now makes that place her home. Mrs. Stage was born in Potsdam, St. Lawrence county, New York, August 5, 1849, daughter of William B. and Sarah (Coolidge) Coolidge, both natives of New York state. The father, a stone and brick mason, brought his family to Rushford in 1862, and a year later moved to Fremont, Winona county, where he worked at his trade and also did some farming. He died at Slayton, Minn., January 7, 1891, and his wife died November 7, 1890.

George L. Swenson, leading photographer of the city of Rushford, was born in Norway township, this county, August 27, 1879, son of Ole C. and Gunild (Glenna) Swenson, natives of Norway, the former of whom came to America at five years of age, and the latter at fifteen years of age, being married in the township of Norway, which has since been their home. George L., their son, received his preliminary education in the district schools of Norway township and attended the high school of Rushford, where he completed his studies, after which he engaged in farming with his father, and there remained until twenty-one years of age. He then went to Peterson, where he learned the art of photography in the studio of C. R. Moen. In 1902 he opened his present studio in the city of Rushford, and has been crowned with success in his chosen profession, having a large and increasing city and country trade. Aside from his studio, he has as a side line the agency for the Reliable Steam Laundry of LaCrosse. He is a secretary of the Mystic Star Lodge, No. 69, A. F. & A. M., and a member of the Rushford Commercial Club. He worships at the Norwegian Lutheran church.

Simon Kolstad, a successful and enterprising farmer residing in Pilot Mound township, was born in Norway in 1848, son of Hans and Elsie (Hanson) Kolstad, who brought him to America in 1855, taking a homestead in Pilot Mound township, which they developed and improved, and where they farmed for many years. Simon attended the country schools when a boy and assisted his father with the farm duties. In 1882 he bought a farm and to this has since added until he at present owns 210 acres on sections twenty-five, twenty-six and thirty-five. Here he carries on general diversified farming and stockraising. He prefers Shorthorn cattle for general dairy purposes, raises graded hogs and keeps several good horses for the carrying on of his farming industries. Politically the subject of this biography is a Republican and has been elected to serve in minor offices 'in the township, having been director of the school board and road overseer. He is a member of the United Lutheran church, toward the support of which he liberally contributes. In 1887 he was united in matrimony with Carrie Hovlein, daughter of Lars and Raguild Hovlein. To this marriage have been born: Helmer, Ludwig, Sophia, Hannah, Julia, Herman and Carl.

K. H. Rude, of Rushford township, was born in Norway, January 2, 1856, son of Halvor and Helge Rude. When but ten years of age he came to the United States with his parents, who located in Winnebago county, Wisconsin, and there farmed for a period of seven years. In 1875 the subject of this biography started for himself by coming to Fillmore county and buying eighty acres on section twenty-nine, Rushford. To his original holdings, Mr. Rude has added from time to time and he now owns 200 acres. He carries on general farming, stock raising and dairying, and that he has been successful in his life's work is plainly evidenced by the prosperous appearance of his home and farm, with well kept buildings and broad acres. His many duties on the home farm have prevented his taking an active part in political affairs, though he is affiliated with the Republiean party. Sena Oian became his wife in March, 1892, and to them have been born: Henry, Melvin, Clara, Selmer, Thomas, Oscar, and a child who died in infancy.

Henry Ness, deceased, wag born in Hohenstein, Germany, October 22, 1825. At the age of six he lost his father and at the age of twelve years he was obliged to support himself. In 1848 he was drafted for the queen's guard at Copenhagen and for three years served in the war against Denmark, participating in the battles of Kolling, Eichstad, Double and Fredrichia. He crossed the ocean to America in 1857 and upon his arrival in this country sought employment at various occupations in Iowa and other states. Eventually coming to Harmony township, he settled on a farm, where he carried on agricultural pursuits until 1868, then disposing of his property. He later bought land in Amherst and there lived until 1890, during which year he moved to the comfortable home in Lanesboro which he had purchased of

H. J. Cook, and retired from active life. During the war between the North and South, Mr. Ness enlisted in Company B, Third Minnesota Volunteer Infantry. He served in many battles, and was finally mustered out at Fort Snelling in October, 1865. Mr. Ness married Margaret Hahn, July 15, 1860, and to them were born two children. Marie married William Patterson and has two children, Effie L. and Lela A. Sarah married F, J. Zilch, whose family came to America in 1872, and they have one son, born in April, 1909. August 6, 1891, Mr. Ness was summoned to the Great Beyond and his death was sincerely mourned, not alone by his immediate family, but by all with whom he had been associated. Mrs. Margaret (Hahn) Ness was born in Hohenstein, Germany, December 22, 1825, one of six children of John H. and Sophia (Bourman) Hahn, the former being one of the managers of the Duke of Oldenburg's estate in Germany. She came to America in 1860 with a party of friends and here married Mr. Ness. The children in her father's family were: Frederich, Henry, John, Margaret, Christina and Sophia.

Olaf Hanson was born in Amherst township, Fillmore county, February 9, 1875, son of Ole and Celia Hanson, natives of Norway, who came to the United States in 1872, remained several years in Lanesboro, and then purehased a farm of forty acres in Amherst, where the father died June 18, 1910, and where the mother still lives. Olaf Hanson received his education in the eommon schools of the county and assisted his parents on the home farm. He then worked out several years and afterward rented land. He now operates the home farm for his mother and rents over 200 acres, carrying on general farming operations. He has a good herd of eighteen general purpose cattle and eight horses, and raises from twenty-five to fifty hogs annually. He is a member of the Lutheran church. In polities he is a Republican, but never sought public office. Though busy with his farm the vear around, he has a sawing outfit and finds time in the winter months to cut wood for the farmers in his locality. He was married November 30, 1905, to Nora Quam, born in Preble township, April 14, 1877. To them have been born two children, Pearl Oveda and Orvill Bertram.

Ole H. Wifald, successful farmer residing in Rushford, was born in Norway, June 12, 1856, son of Halvor and Margit Wifald, who brought him to America when ten years of age and settled on section twenty-seven, Rushford, where, after three years, the father bought eighty acres and there carried on farming for the remainder of his life, his death occurring July 22, 1911, and that of the wife and mother, May 4, 1891. Ole H. passed his boyhood years much as the average farmer boy, working for his father and attending school. When twenty years of age, he started for himself, rented a farm for two years, and then bought 120 acres in section twenty-seven. This farm was wild land, covered with brush and timber and required much labor io fit it for cultivation of crops. Mr. Wifald toiled year after year, improving and clearing his property and erecting his comfortable home and the buildings which now shelter his stock and farm products. As a general farmer, he raises Jersey and Herford eattle, Poland China hogs and good farm horses. He is affiliated with the Republican party, though never an office seeker. January 3, 1876, Martha Gulickson, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Ole Gulickson, became his wife. Mrs. Martha Gulickson Wifald came to Minnesota from Dane county, Wisconsin, in 1872. Her father lost his life in the Root river in 1856 by drowning, and her mother died two years previous to that time. To Mr. and Mrs. Wifald six children have been born: Henry, of Hettinger, N. D.; Alfred, of Rushford; Joseph, deceased; Josephine, at Lanesboro, Sophia and Almina, at home. The members of the family belong to the United Lutheran church.

Michael Miller, vice president of the Rushford Wagon Works, was born at Luxemberg, Germany, March 15, 1849, son of Peter and Catherine (Webber) Miller. He attended school in the land of his birth, acquired a good edueation and there grew to manhood. Hearing of the many opportunities offered ambitious young men in America, he crossed the Atlantic with his brother Philip and came to Minnesota, reaching Rushford on September 9, 1866. He secured employment on the Southern Minnesota railroad, then in course of construction, and worked until its eompletion in 1867, the first train passing over the road on January 1 of that year. For two years after this, Mr. Miller was employed by various farmers in and about Rushford, and in the spring of 1869, with his brother Peter, he opened a market, having learned the meat business in the old country. For two months they carried on business in Rushford, after which they moved to Lanesboro, where they remained until during the fall of 1871, then returning to Rushford and again opening a market. For many years Michael and Peter Miller were extensively engaged in land dealing, owning at one time nearly 2,000 acres. During the time they were in business they bought cattle and hogs and shipped extensively. The shipping business was discontinued April 10, 1908. The meat business had been diseontinued in 1895. Michael Miller still owns a farm of 346 acres, about a mile out of Rushford, which he rents on shares. For some years Peter, Michael and Philip Miller were interested in the wagon business, Peter and Michael selling to Philip in 1897. In 1906 a stock company, the Rushford Wagon Company, was organized. Michael Miller, the subject of this sketch, now lives practically a retired life in his substantial and comfortable home, located near the center of the city. He has extensive business interests in the county and elsewhere, and is a prominent man, having served on the city council and in other positions. He has also traveled widely, he and his wife having visited the Paris Exposition in 1900, leaving Rushford August 4 and returning December 20. Mrs. Miller was formerly Katherine Hoffman, a native of Luxemberg, Germany.

Philip Miller was born in Luxemberg, Germany, and married Anna Diefergin. He came to America with his brother, Michael, arriving September 9, 1866. For many years he was employed at various occupations. Finally, with his brothers, Peter and Michael, he became interested in wagon making. He bought his brothers' interest in 1897 and conducted the business until his death, in 1905. A year later a stock company was organized, which is still conducted as the Rushford Wagon Company.

Peter Miller, secretary of the Rushford Wagon Company, was born in Rushford in 1875, son of Philip and Anna (Diefergin) Miller. He received a good schooling and a practical business training, and has been identified with the wagon business for many years. Politically, Mr. Miller has done good service as a member of the city council. He married Josephine Knauf, and they have two children, Joseph and Peter A. Mr. Miller is both ambitious and progressive, and has for many years taken an active interest in all movements which have tended toward the advancement and improvement of his home city. His many estimable qualities have won for him the high regard of his fellow men.

Alexander Ferguson, deceased, who was one of the successful and higbly respected farmers of Fillmore county, was born in North Sherbrooke, Canada, August 29, 1837, son of Duncan and Barbara (Currie) Ferguson, natives of Argyleshire, Scotland, who came to Fillmore county in 1862, where the father acquired land which he broke and developed. Alexander was educated in the schools of Canada, came with his parents to this county in 1862, and purchased 200 acres of land in section seven, Arendahl township, where he engaged in general agriculture and became a substantial citizen. In connection with his general farming interests he raised many cattle, sheep and hogs, and realized from this branch a profitable income. He was a staunch Republican and was elected to serve as a member of both town and school boards, diseharging the duties of all offices to which he was elected with credit to himself and with satisfaction to all. Ile was united in marriage to Janet Gillmore in the year 1864, and their marriage was blessed with two children: Duncan and Janet G. The latter is now Mrs. Samuel Randall, Janet (Gillmore) Ferguson died September, 1867, and on February 14, 1882, Mr. Ferguson married Maggie McKay, a daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Peter McKay, and to this marriage four children were born: Alister P., Ethel M., Florence M. and Charles McDonald. Ethel M. is now Mrs. Henry Cocker, of Winona county. Alexander Ferguson died April 9, 1886. Mrs. Ferguson then rented the farm until 1900, since which date she and her children have conducted it, The farm is known as ''Faraway.''

Asmund Vaagen was born in Norway September 14, 1860, and came to the United States in 1883, farming in Illinois for a while and then, in 1886, coming to Fillmore county, which has since been his home. For two years he lived on a farm in seetion fifteen, Rushford aud in 1888 he rented the William Robertson property in section sixteen, which was well improved and had a good quota of substantial buildings. Mr. Vaagen has since followed general farming and stock raising, having purchased the place in 1904. He owns a herd of fifty Shorthorn cattle, from 100 to 200 Shropshire sheep, keeps from ten to fifteen horses and raises from 75 to 100 Poland China hogs annually. He has added to his original farm until he now owns 520 acres in sections sixteen and seventeen, of which about 300 acres are under cultivation. Mr. Vaagen is a member of the Rushford Lutheran church. In polities he is of independent mind but has for many years been one of the Icaders in Rushford village, He has been a member of the school board in district 146 for many years, village recorder for three years, trustee two years and president of the village for eleven years. He was secretary of his church for eleven years and member of the board of directors for the Farmers' Elevator and also of the creamery board. To name all the offices which he has held would be to give a complete list of the offices of Rushford. In February, 1885, he married Christie Jaastad, and to them have been born seven daughters, six of whom are at present living at home: Gertrude, Laura, Hannah, Bertha, Josephine and Christie.

John O, Hill, who has been a resident of Arendah] since 1873, first saw the light of day at Sogen, Norway, in 1853, son of Ole Johnson Mundahl and Maria (Hanson) Mundahl, who passed their lives in the land of their birth. John O. was educated in

Norway and came to America in 1870, locating first in Dane county, Wisconsin, where he worked for a period of three years and then coming to Fillmore county, Minnesota. In 1880 he bought a farm of 160 acres in section twenty-one, also 40 acres in section twenty, and on this property he carries on general farming, stockraising and dairying. He is interested in raising full blooded Plymouth Rock chickens, which has proven a profitable industry. Among other business interests he is a stockholder in the Arendahl Creamery. Hr. Hill is a Republican and has been elected to serve in his community as director of the school board for three years. On April 1, 1879, he married Mary, daughter of Ole M. and Christie Berge. To this marriage have been born: Christina, who died June 6, 1910; Ada O., Ole B., Unie A. and John M.

Lars O. Benston, a well-known farmer residing in Arendahl township, was born at Modum's Prestegjeld, Norway, in 1866, son of Ole L. and Helena (Johnson) Benston, who came to America in the late sixties and settled in Arendahl township, where the father acquired land which he broke and prepared for cultivation, for some time carrying water a half mile each day up a steep bluff to his home. Lars 0. grew to manhood in Arendahl township and attended the district school near home. Until twenty-eight years of age he was employed by his father, after which he worked out for a year and then rented some land and hegan farming on his own responsibility. He now owns the family homestead of 80 acres and an additional 80 acres in section twenty-seven, and also works another farm of 270 acres, on which he makes his home. He earries cn genera] farming and raises pure bred Shorthorn cattle and Poland China hogs. Mr. Benston votes the Republican ticket and has been elected to serve as chairman of the school board, also road overseer. He owns shares in the Peterson creamery and elevator. On March 14, 1895, Mr. Benston married Inga Stedge, and to them were born: Tilla A., Odin N., Laura E., Gerda 8., Alfred J., and Inga Malvina L. Mrs. Inga (Stedge) Benston was a daughter of Nels E. and Martha (Ilenjum) Stedge. She died March 15, 1905. On November 27, 1907, Sofia, a sister of Mrs. Inga Benston, became the wife of the subject of this sketch, and to this marriage Martin Henry, Karen Mary and Martha Louise have been born.

A. R. Tungland, proprietor of the ''Evergreen View'' farm, has lived in Rushford township for nearly forty years. He was born in Norway September 27, 1852, and in 1873 sailed for America and came directly to Rushford by way of Quebec. After living for two years with a sister on Pine river, he went to Aren- dah}, worked out for a time and later rented a farm, thus covering a period of about six years. He then bought a farm two miles south of the village of Peterson, where he lived and farmed for ten years. In 1881 he purchased his present valuable farm and moved to what has since been appropriately named '' Evergreen View.'' He has equipped it well with the necessary implements and machinery and stocked it with Jive stock. He has a herd of 65 to 75 cattle, some of which are full blooded Shorthorns. He raises annually from 65 to 70 head of Poland China hogs, and keeps from 12 to 15 head of Percheron horses for farm work and driving. In 1905 he erected a large barn which is conveniently planned. His grounds are well kept and are artistically arranged with the evergreen trees and shrubs whieh first suggested the name of the home farm. Of the 240 acres in the entire farm, about 200 are under cultivation, and the whole work is handled by the proprietor and his family. He also owns 160 acres in Ward county, North Dakota, which he rents. In the Lutheran church, of which he is a member, he is assistant to the minister. In political inclinations he is 4 Republican, but has never cared for public office. He was for twelve years treasurer of school district 160 and is stockholder in the Farmers' Elevators, both at Rushford and Peterson. On the eleventh day of March, 1881, he was united in marriage with Gunhild Reishus, who proved a loving wife and mother, and to this union were born eleven children. The youngest died in infancy. Rudolph Edward now lives in South Dakota. Anna Gulina married Frank Manion. Aletta Tressa, Even Olavas, Minnie Johanna, Amos Gerhard, Emma Clarise, Mabel Josephine and Alice Gorgina are at home. Mary Olga married Antone Knudson, of South Dakota. Mrs. Gunhild (Reishus) Tungland died October 17, 1911,

Olaves J. Gaarder was born ut Guardamon, Norway, January 16, 1850, son of John Olson and Berte M. (Larson) Gaarder and grandson of Jens and Martha Larson. When three vears of age the subject of this sketch came to America with his parents and lived in LaFayette, Wis., four years. During the year 1857 the family removed to Minnesota and settled in Norway township, this county, where the father pre-empted a quarter section of land. This property was wild Jand and the father grubbed and cleared it and prepared it for cultivation. At the beginning of the struggle between the North and South the father enlisted, went south with his regiment, and served until the end of the war, after which he returned to his home and farm in Norway township. He died August 13, 1900, and the mother passed away April 15, 1910. Olaves J., the son, remained on the home farm with. his father until he grew to manhood, and has vivid recollec: tions of the hardships which they underwent during the first years of their residence in the county. He relates that his father went to Rushford with a hand sled for wheat, and that they melted snow to provide water for the stock. He also tells of the Indian seares. In 1872 Mr. Gaarder bought his present farm of 200 acres on sections twenty-four and twenty-five, Norway township. He engages in general farming, stock raising and dairying, disposing of dairy products to the Bratsburg creamery, in whieh he owns shares. Politically, he is affiliated with the Republican party and his fitness to serve in public office has been demonstrated by his being elected supervisor of the township for four successive years, director of school board many years, and pathmaster for a period of time. He is one of the stockholders in the Rushford Elevator Company, and has various other business interests. On January 18, 1872, he was united in marriage with Gustava Gudmansen, daughter of Hans and Ingeborg Gudmansen. To this marriage were born nine children, four of whom are now living: Nettie, who married Carl Jensen; Anna, the wife of Henry Beckman; Gena, now Mrs. Gunta Everland, and Ella.

Ole Erickson Lardahl, who owns a farm of 80 acres, located on sections twenty-three and twenty-six, Norway township, was born in Norway on March 14, 1847, son of Erick and Olava Lardahl, who spent their lives in the land of their birth. During the year of 1869 the subject of this sketch crossed the Atlantic to America and came west to Minnesota, where he was employed by various farmers in Fillmore county for several years. Being industrious and of economical habits, he managed to save from his earnings, and in 1882 purchased a farm. Here for twelve years he carried on agricultural pursuits, stockraising and dairying, and as the years went by he gradually improved his property and erected good buildings, developing one of the well kept places in the vicinity. He now rents the property to Christ Rustad, who works it on shares. In 1877 Mr. Lardahl married Sophia Gaarder, and they became parents of three children: Lena, Laura and Edward. Lena and Laura are married and Edward resides in North Dakota. Mrs. Lardahl entered into rest in 1889.

Ole J. Overland, Bratsburg's oldest business man, claims the distinction of being the first white child bor in Norway township, and also of being the first child baptized in the congregation of the Highland Prairie Lutheran Church. He was born on September 25, 1854, son of Ole Overland. Ole Overland, the father, was the first pathmaster, it is said, in Norway township. He came to America in 1848, lived in Dane county, Wiseonsin, five years, then stayed in Winneshiek county, Iowa, one year, and in 1854 came to Minnesota and settled on scetions fiftecn and sixteen, Norway, where he spent the remainder of his long and useful life, his death occurring on Thanksgiving day, 1900. The subject of this biography was educated in the common schools of the county and later at the Rushford city schools, and worked on the home farm till twenty-four years of age. He then began life on his own responsibility and farmed till the spring of 1891. On March 27 of that year he, in company with his brother, opened a general merchandise business at Bratsburg, which has since been successfully continued. Hight years ago he purchased his brother's interest. He is now the sole owner, carrying a full stock of the goods necded by his patrons in the locality. Though busy with his mercantile business, he has long been interested in well bred horses. In 1892 he purchased a Clyde sire for $2,500 and now owns a valuable Percheron sire, ''Lothaer,'' of excellent pedigree. He is a member of the ehurch in which he was first baptized. In polities, he has long been a local leader in the Republican party. For several years he was postmaster here, and continued till that office was abolished. He has been treasurer of the town for nineteen years and was a member of the school board in district thirteen for the same length of time. He was formerly president of the local ereamery and was treasurer two years. In the autumn of 1878 he was united in marriage with Beta Myhrhagen and their marriage has been blessed with eleven children. Olaf is a machinist and lives at home. Tilla married George Ostad. Ginter is a farmer in Rushford township. Hannah married John Fossum, formerly a teacher. Marie married Edward Johnson, of Holt. Clara married Olaf Johnson, a restaurant keeper of Rushford. Hans is a helper in Bratsburg creamery. Selmer, Frances, Amanda and Benhart are at home.

W. W. Webster, whose woolen mill in Rushford is one of the leading industries of that place, was born in Lincoln, IIl., October 26, 1862, son of Matthew and Martha (Thompson) Webster, who came to America from Pudsey, Yorkshire, England. He was educated in the common schools of Minnesota and after completing his studies, went to work in his father's woolen mill, there learning the trade and preparing himself for the responsibilities of life. Until 1895 he was employed at LaCrescent, after which he came to Rushford and went in partnership with his uncle, Jonathan Webster, who had been operating a mill here since 1877. This partnership continued until 1904, during which year the subject of this sketch bought his uncle's interest and now conducts the business alone, manufacturing hosiery yarns, which are disposed of to various knitting mills. Sinee he has become sole owner of the plant, he has made many needed improvements, enlarging the building, installing new machinery, and making the plant a modern concern. Mr. Webster was matried November 27, 1883, to Susanna Gittens, born at LaCrescent, Minn., November 22, 1862, and they are the parents of six children: Arehie, Donald, Gertrude, Walter, Madeline and Leo E. Mr. Webster is the present mayor of Rushford, an office which he has also previously occupied. [le is likewise a member of the board of education and bas filled all offices to whieh he has been elected with credit to himself and satisfaction to the general public. He is affiliated with the M. W. A. and is vice president of the Rushford Commercial Club.

Matthew and Martha (Thompson) Webster, parents of W. W. Webster, were born in Pudsey, Yorkshire, England, and there passed the early years of their lives. In company with his brothers and sisters, Matthew Webster eame to America in 1855 and settled in Haysville, Ashland county, Ohio. From that town they went to Bloomington, IIl., by wagon, and in the spring of 1868 came to Minnesota, where Matthew and his brother Jonathan, with Thomas Fletcher, erected the Toledo Woolen Mills, located three miles from LaCrescent. The partnership continued until 1877, when Jonathan disposed of his interests and moved to Rushford. Matthew and Martha (Thompson) Webster were the parents of four children: Daniel, of LaCregcent; Annie, of South Dakota; W. W., of Rushford, and Emma, of Minneapolis. Matthew Webster died in 1893 and his wife in January, 1910.

Daniel and Ann (Dougherty) Gittens, parents of Mrs. Susanna (Gittens) Webster, came from Ireland to America about 1850, locating at Burlington, Vt. In 1856 they came west to LaCrescent, Minn., where Mr. Gittens took a homestead and engaged in agricultural pursuits, being among the settlers of Houston county, enduring all the hardships incident to the pioneer days, and there spending the balance of their life, Mr. Gittens dying December 25, 1906, and Mrs. Gittens, November 28, 1910. They were the parents of eight children; John, of North LaCrosse; Mary, Rose and Edward, deceased; Katherine and Theresa, of LaCrosse; Susanna, now Mrs. W. W. Wehster, of Rushford; and Daniel, also deceased.

E. L. Sheldahl, one of Fillmore county's leading business wen, was born in Hamilton county, Iowa, September 19, 1871, son of R. L. and Anna (Henderson) Sheldahl, the former of whom has carried on extensive farming operations near Pipestone, Minn., since 1886, and the latter of whom died in May, 1909. E. L., their son, the subject of this sketch, reecived his education in his native state, after which be engaged in farming at Pipestone, Minn. In 1898 he moved to Spring Valley and successfully engaged in draying until 1909, when he gold out his business on account of poor health. He then accepted a position with the E. P. Davis & Co., and continned ag manager of their poultry, egg and produce concern at Rushford for two years. He then purchased the business and is now sole owner and proprietor. He has a fully equipped plant, which, under his management, is. without question the leading establishment of its kind in the county, doing from $70,000 to $75,000 worth of business annually, and shipping only in carload lots. His principal shipping points are Chicago, California, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh and New York. Mr. Sheldahl served two years as a member of the city council while in Spring Valley, and is now serving his third term as a2 member of the council for the city of Rushford. He is a member of Spring Valley Lodge, No. 58, A. F. & A. M., and Spring Valley Council, 1636, R. A. He has served in all the official chairs of that council, and was a delegate several times to the grand council. He is also a member of Chapter 262, M. W. A. of Spring Valley. Mr. Sheldahl is a thorough business man and is alert to every movement that tends to better the conditions of his town and county, having achieved his success by hard work and energy. Aside from his produce business, he has a large tract of farm land in North Dakota. He is a stanch Republican. On October 9, 1898, he was united in marriage to Josie Benson, and one son, Kenneth, born December 31, 1901, has blessed this union. 'The family faith is that of the Lutheran church.

John Eggen, who for over forty years has been one of the representative citizens of the city of Rushford, and who has been actively engaged in business for nearly that period of time, was born in Throndhjen, Norway, September 29, 1848, son of Andreas and Beret (Burstad) Anderson. He received his education in the land of his birth, and there grew to manhood. In 1868 he left the shore of his native land and sailed across the Atlantic to establish for himself a home in a new and strange country, the trip consuming nine weeks and three days. Upon his arrival in the United States, Mr. Eggen proceeded west to Chicago, and thence to Grand [Tlaveu, Mich. where he was employed on railroad work for a period of two months. From Grand Haven he went to Muskegon, and there secured work in a sawmill for a period of three months, after which he moved to LaCrosse, Wis., remaining for a short time. He then moved to Spring Grove, Houston county, Minn., remaining there for a year and a half. In the spring of 1870 he came to the city of Rushford, where for three years he worked at his trade as carpenter.

About 1874 Mr. Eggen, together with his brother, Andrew, engaged in the manufacture of plows and wagons. This undertaking proved a great success and their wagons and plows became known far and wide for durability and service. They continued together in this business until 1892, when Mr. Eggen, the subject of this sketch, engaged in his present business on his own responsibility, taking in as a partner his son, Conrad. The firm name is now Jd. Eggen & Son. They handle a full and complete line of up-to-date farm machinery, wagons, automobiles, and do the leading business in the city along their line. Mr. Eggen is a man who aims to please; and by his untiring efforts, his farsightedness and honest dealings, has won a host of friends throughout the community. He has ever taken an active interest in the affairs of his city, having served both on the city council and the board of education. On June 27, 1871, Mr. Eggen was united in the bonds of matrimony to Olena Emelia Colberg, a native of Norway, and their home has been blessed with eleven children: Alvilde Berntine, born April 18, 1872, died March, 1900; Alfred Julius, born September 29, 1873, died August 19, 1874; Alfred Julius, born August 6, 1875; Conrad Angel, born March 1, 1878; Ingvald Ambrosius, born December 17, 1879; Edward Amalic, born June 22, 1881, died July 27, 1881; John William, born June 7, 1882, died September 18, 1882; Daniel Ludvig, born June 4, 1883; Alice Christine, born April 19 1885, died September 7, 1885; Henry Edgar, born November 20, 1888, and Florence Leona, born October 20, 1890. Alfred married Olive Smith, They reside in British Columbia and are the parents of two children, Fred and Olive. Conrad is in partnership with his father. He married Carrie James. Ingvald Ambrosius resides at home. Daniel is a traveling salesman for the Western Grocery Company and resides in Dubuque, Iowa. He married Katie Arnold and they have two daughters, Mariam and Florence. Florence and Henry Edgar reside at home. Andreas Eggen, father of John Eggen, was born in 1807 and died at seventy-six years of age. Beret (Burstad) Eggen, the mother, was born in 1810, and died at seventy years of age. They were the parents of six children: Anders, a merchant at Throndjem, Norway, now deceased; Daniel, deceased; Andrew, of Rushford; Karen, now Mrs. Gjertinus Rangul, who, with her husband, has made several trips to America; John, of Rushford, and Albenus, deceased.

Haavel O. Anderson was born in Dane county, Wisconsin, April 6, 1854, son of Andrew and Bergeta Haalverson. In the year of 1855 the family moved to Minnesota and located on section twenty-one, Rushford, where they took a claim of 160 acres.

Haavel O. Anderson

Andrew, the father, the year after his arrival in the United States, became afflicted with weak eyes. That year he lost the entire sight of one eye, and in 1858 lost the sight of his other eye, being totally blind the rest of his life, causing the responsibilities of the farm to rest on the shoulders of his wife and family. He died in July, 1880, and his wife in July, 1890. Llaavel O. attended the common schools of the locality, but because of his father's affliction he early in life assumed a man's responsibilities, taking charge of the home farm which he has since conducted. He has added to the original homestead until he now owns 280 acres in sections twenty-one and twenty-seven, Rushford. About 170 acres are under cultivation. Mr. Anderson is a general farmer, but gives much attention to his herd of 20 Shorthorn cattle. Formerly he kept a herd of Shropshire sheep, but has in recent years disposed of them. He is a member of the Lutheran church. In politics he is a Republican and has been town chairman two years, supervisor several years and director of school district number 17 for twelve years. Tle is president of the creamery and one of the board of directors of the Farmers' Elevator of Peterson. He is a member of Camp No. 232, Modern Woodmen of America of Rushford. Mr. Anderson was married July 28, 1886, to Josephine Hansen, of Highland Prairie, who died in 1891. To them were born seven children: Andrew is now in Montana; Howard is in Prosper, Minn.; Gentry, Carl and Otto are all at home; Joseph is in Dakota. May 25, 1910 Mr. Anderson was married to Josephine Larson, and to them has been born one child, Fred Herbert.

Edward Benson (Endru) is a native of Rushford township, where he stil] resides. He was born November 28, 1858, son of Benjamin and Helga Benson (Endru), who came from Norway in 1853 and settled in Houston county, Minnesota, where they lived until 1856. In the latter year they came to Rushford township, this county and took a claim where the father has since resided, the mother having died some years ago. The subject of this sketch was educated in the common schools and later in the Peterson village schools. He continued to work at home until he was twenty-one and then rented land for twelve years. In 1890 he bought 80 acres on section twenty-eight, where he has since lived. He recently erected a thoroughly modern and comfortable house, and has greatly improved the surrounding grounds until it is now one of the very attractive places in that locality. He follows general farming, keeps a herd of general purpose cattle and enough horses for his own use. He votes with the Republican party, but has never sought public offices. "He is a member of the Highland Prairie church, where he was confirmed.