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Big Horn County, Montana

68 topographic sheets cover 27 settlements here, and 38 properties are on the National Register of Historic Places.

Research this county

From the record

38 National Register listings published here, 2 of them National Historic Landmarks.

Sources: the National Register database, National Park Service

Montana within the United States
Big Horn County within Montana

What the record shows

  • 266 topographic sheet readings cover the county's settlements.
  • 38 properties here are on the National Register of Historic Places: 28 buildings, 6 districts, 2 structures and 2 sites.
  • 4 of the 38 listings were added during the 1970s.
  • The Geographic Names Information System records 27 populated places in this county; 27 are covered by at least one topographic sheet.

Places on the National Register

38

Every property in this county listed on the National Register of Historic Places, with the year it was listed and the federal nomination document.

Photograph PropertyType ListedReference
Baldwin Housebuilding198787001270
Bighorn Ditch Headgatestructure197676000174
John Boyum Housebuilding199191000371
Thomas H. Burke Housebuilding199191000368
Cammock's Hotelbuilding198787001271
Camp Fourbuilding199291001940
Chief Plenty Coups (Alek-Chea-Ahoosh) Housesite197070000354
Chivers Memorial Churchbuilding198787001272
Commercial Districtdistrict198585001845
J. W. Drew Grain Elevatorstructure198787001274
William Ebeling Housebuilding199191000370
Charles S. Eder Housebuilding199191000374
First Baptist Churchbuilding199191000369
Fort C. F. Smith Historic Districtdistrict197575000163
Haverfield Hospitalbuilding199191000376
Francis Kopriva Housebuilding199191000377
Lee Homesteadbuilding198181000659
Little Bighorn Battlefield National Monumentdistrict196666000428
Lodge Grass City Jailbuilding198787001276
Lodge Grass Merchandise Company Storebuilding198787001275
Moncure Tipibuilding200202001547
OW Ranchdistrict199292001321
George Pease's Second Storebuilding198787001278
J. J. Ping Housebuilding199191000373
Reno Apartmentsbuilding199191000378
Residential Districtdistrict198585001846
Rosebud Battlefield-Where the Girl Saved Her Brothersite197272000735
John Ryan's Housebuilding198787001277
Jay Sharp's Storebuilding198787001279
Simmonsen's Housebuilding198787001273
St. Joseph Catholic Churchbuilding199191000379
St. Xavier Mission Church and Rectorybuilding199090001214
Dominic Stevens Housebuilding198787001280
Sullivan Rooming Housebuilding199191000372
James J. Sullivan Housebuilding199191000380
J. M. Trytten Housebuilding198787001281
J. S. Tupper Housebuilding199191000381
Alvin Young Barn and Cabin Historic Districtdistrict201110001188

Wildfire, 1992 to 2020

4,681 fires

Every wildfire the federal occurrence database records inside this county: 4,681 of them, burning about 589,145 acres. 1,013 started naturally and 373 were recorded as arson. Each settlement page carries the fires within five miles of it.

Reported cause Fires
Missing data/not specified/undetermined1080
Natural1013
Debris and open burning751
Fireworks430
Arson/incendiarism373
Equipment and vehicle use360
Misuse of fire by a minor217
Railroad operations and maintenance159
Smoking152
Recreation and ceremony82
Other causes32
Power generation/transmission/distribution29
Firearms and explosives use3

The five largest, by the area the report gives. One of them was set deliberately.

DateCause SizeReported by Name on the report
12 July 2006Natural121,687 acresSouthern Land OfficePINE RIDGE COMPLEX
1 August 2012Natural82,127 acresCrow AgencyEAST SARPY
8 September 1994Arson/incendiarism60,300 acresNorthern Cheyenne AgencyBABY DEAN
2 September 2020Natural52,010 acresCrow AgencySARPY
31 August 2017Natural39,387 acresMiles City Field OfficeBRUSH FLAT
12 August 2003Natural25,490 acresNorthern Cheyenne AgencyLITTLEHAWK
22 August 2011Natural18,970 acresNorthern Cheyenne AgencyWATER HOLE
30 August 2017Natural11,285 acresMiles City Field OfficeTIDWELL

Every settlement page carries the fires within five miles of it - see the settlement index below.

Storms, 1956 to 2025

60 of 442 shown

The NOAA Storm Events Database holds 442 reports for this county, causing 6 deaths, 10 injuries and about $4,662,250 in recorded property damage. Each settlement page carries the reports that name it.

Kind of event Reports
Hail247
Thunderstorm Wind151
Flash Flood13
Flood11
Tornado10
Heavy Rain5
Funnel Cloud3
Lightning1
Wildfire1

The most serious of them, by death, then injury, then recorded damage. The accounts are quoted exactly as the forecast office filed them.

WhenEvent Place namedHarm What the report says
July 2008Thunderstorm WindDecker2 killedTwo fatalities, both drownings, occurred from a severe thunderstorm that moved across the Tongue River Reservoir. A man fell from a dock and a woman drowned when her small boat capsized as a result of very strong thunderstorm winds.
July 2022Thunderstorm WindHardin1 killed, 6 hurtAround 4:15 PM MDT, a thunderstorm outflow moved through the Hardin area. It produced a wind gust of 62 mph in the 4:35 PM MDT observations from the Big Horn County Airport. Along with the outflow winds, blowing dust reduced visibility to less than a quarter mile on the AWOS. This resulted in a 20 to 30 vehicle pile up along Interstate 90 around mile marker 493 reported at 4:30 PM MDT, very close to the airport. Prior to this, the Montana DOT RWIS station at Arrow Creek Hill, 25 miles west of Hardin, reported a peak wind gust of 48 mph about 15 minutes prior. This accident resulted in 6 deaths and multiple injuries.
August 2021Thunderstorm WindCrow Agency1 killedA strong thunderstorm outflow passed over Crow Agency around 630pm with winds to 55 mph. A couple hours later, a shower with up to 20dbz moved over Crow Agency around 830pm, producing winds to 64 mph across a small area. A roof blew off an arbor, throwing it across the street, striking a camper in the head and throat.
May 2011Flash FloodSt Xavier1 killedWater was reported to be flowing over Highway 313 near Soap Creek. Heavy rainfall impacted streams draining into the St Xavier area. In addition, a body was found in a flooded vehicle at the Koyamas Pond recreation area near the Big Horn River.
July 1999LightningDecker1 killedA 13 year old girl was stuck and killed by lightning on the Tongue River Reservoir.
September 1989Thunderstorm Windnot stated3 hurtno account filed
March 2013Thunderstorm WindCrow Agency1 hurtStrong winds flipped over a semi-trailer on Highway 212 at mile marker 10 near Hardin resulting in one injury.
May 2011FloodBig Horn Wye$4,000,000From May 21st and even continuing into the month of June, extensive severe flooding occurred across Big Horn County from the Little Bighorn and Bighorn Rivers, as well as creeks and streams. An Incident Command Center was set up in Crow Agency where the Crow Tribal Chairman declared a disaster. At the height of the flooding, the Big Horn County Sheriffs office is quoted as saying, there is water everywhere. Hundreds of people were evacuated as flooding affected every community on the Crow Reservation. Fifteen to twenty homes were heavily impacted by the flooding. Interstate 90 south of Hardin to the Wyoming State line was closed for five days (May 21-26). Water rescues were required on the I-90 frontage road south of Crow Agency. Highway 212 was also closed for a period of time and at one point had water 3 feet deep overtopping the roadway. Railroad tracks and numerous rural roads were washed out in the area. In addition, flooding near Hardin brought down telephone equipment that handles 911 and long-distance calls for major cities and towns in eastern Montana. ||The Bighorn River above Tullock Creek crested at a record 10.86 feet on May 23rd. The Little Bighorn River at Hardin rose above flood stage from May 22nd through May 27th and crested at a record 12.32 feet on May 23rd.||Damage estimates based on FEMA reviews and Individual Assistance approvals.
June 1991Tornado (F1)not stated$250,000no account filed
June 1984Tornado (F1)not stated$250,000no account filed
July 1998HailHardin$100,000Baseball sized hail damaged numerous vehicles and broke several windows and yard lights.
July 1991Tornado (F1)not stated$25,000no account filed
July 2000Thunderstorm WindHardin$10,000Wind damage. Large tree downed. Roof damaged.
April 1994HailNear Hardin$5,000no account filed
August 1993HailNear Yellowtail$5,000no account filed
August 1993HailLodge Grass$5,000no account filed
July 2000Thunderstorm WindDecker$4,000Roof damage at Decker with thunderstorm winds.
July 2000Thunderstorm WindHardin$3,000Wind damage with 60-70 mile per hour winds. Large trees downed.
July 2000Thunderstorm WindBusby$3,000Wind damage with 60 mph winds. Trees downed.
July 2000Thunderstorm WindHardin$2,00058 mph thunderstorm wind gust. Tree limbs down.
June 1968Tornado (F0)not stated$250no account filed
August 2025HailHardin Airpark-Reported from local spotter.
August 2025HailHardin-From phone call.
June 2025HailPryor-Two and a half inch hail reported.
June 2025HailPryor-Two and 3 quarters inch hail reported.
June 2025HailHardin-One inch hail reported.
June 2025HailPryor-Report from mping.
June 2025HailPryor-Two inch hail reported.
June 2025HailKirby-One and a half inch hail reported.
June 2025Thunderstorm WindHardin-AWOS station 2 west northwest Hardin.
June 2025HailKirby-Hail report.
July 2025Thunderstorm WindHardin-Blowing debris caused car damages at campground.
July 2025Thunderstorm WindHardin-Big Horn County Airport awos.
July 2025HailSt Xavier-Hail reported by mping.
July 2025HailCrow Agency-Hail 1.5 inches in diameter.
August 2024Thunderstorm WindHardin-Large tree limbs were reported to be broken.
August 2024Thunderstorm WindHardin Airpark-Numerous grain bins were destroyed, along with other structural damage.
June 2023Flash FloodSt Xavier-The Department of Transportation reported that S-313 from mile post 18 to 19 had surface water hazards in all lanes.
June 2022Thunderstorm WindHardin-Winds of at least 84 mph produced damage in Hardin. An 84 mph wind gust was reported 8 miles west of Hardin. Several trees were blown down. In addition, semi trailers were flipped, while damage to buildings occurred, and power poles snapped.
August 2022Thunderstorm WindHardin-Visibility was reported to be 1/2 mile from blowing dust.
July 2022HailHardin-Quarter size hail along with 50 to 60 mph winds were reported.
July 2022Thunderstorm WindHardin Airpark-A mobile home lost its roof.
July 2022Thunderstorm WindHardin-Visibility was under a quarter mile due to blowing dust.
July 2022Thunderstorm WindKirby-Several tree limbs were downed.
May 2021HailFt Smith-Tree leaves were shredded. Car dents and broken car windows also occurred.
July 2019HailLodge Grass-The hail covered the ground.
July 2019Thunderstorm WindLodge Grass-Tree limbs 1 to 1 1/2 inch in diameter were broken off trees.
June 2019Thunderstorm WindLodge Grass-A wind gust of 58 mph was reported 9 miles east of Lodge Grass.
May 2019FloodHardin Airpark-Emergency management reported that the Big Horn River flowed at bank full or just out of its banks from Two Leggins Bridge into the Hardin vicinity. Heavy rain and snow melt from the northern Big Horn Mountains from the 24th through the 28th resulted in water rises on a number of creeks, streams and rivers which feed into the Big Horn River. This was also compounded by a flash flood event on the 27th that sent around a 10,000 cfs surge of water down the Big Horn River. Some flooding of rural fields was reported. Otherwise, no major impacts were reported.
May 2019Flash FloodPryor-A nearly stationary thunderstorm was situated over portions of western Big Horn County during the late evening hours on the 26th into the early morning hours of the 27th. Several inches of rain fell across this area within just a few hours. Flash flooding occurred on Pryor, Fly and Woody Creeks which resulted in damage to roads and bridges. Culverts were also displaced. Damage to trap and skeet field buildings at a fishing and shooting club was also reported.
March 2019FloodCrow Agency-Significant impacts occurred across portions of Big Horn County due to a deep snow cover melting on frozen ground, as well as an ice jam on the Little Big Horn River. Due to the ground being frozen, the water from the melting snow could not soak into the ground. This resulted in many areas flooding. Although most of the flooding occurred across open range land, some flooding did impact roads, some homes, and commerce. |Impacts occurred mainly from the ice jam on the Little Big Horn River and its tributaries which resulted in stranding some people in their homes. In addition, flooding from the Little Big Horn River inundated Interstate 90 at exit 510 at Crow Agency across both the east and west bound lanes. The interstate was closed from Hardin to the Wyoming line for several days. Highway 212 had water over it as well. These closures resulted in significant impacts to commerce. The Crow Tribe Executive Branch declared a State of Emergency. The Red Cross set up a shelter in Hardin for those affected by the Little Big Horn River flooding.
July 2018Thunderstorm WindHardin Airpark-Eight inch diameter tree limbs were broken.
August 2018Thunderstorm WindYellowtail-Branches and small limbs were broken.
June 2018Tornado (EF1)Kirby-The tornado damaged a 20 foot diameter grain bin and tossed it 250 yards. A trailer was also damaged and blown across a driveway. There was also minor damage to a house as the gutters were ripped off and some of the metal roofing torn off. In addition, numerous large trees were uprooted or snapped in half.
August 2017Thunderstorm WindHardin-A wind gust estimated at 70 mph resulted in a downed tree.
June 2015FloodHardin-Streets and sewers were flooded throughout town. The EMS station was evacuated due to flooding. In addition, water was reported in the Sheriffs office flooding cell blocks and the squad room.
June 2015Thunderstorm WindLodge Grass-A semi-trailer was flipped on I-90.
July 2015Thunderstorm WindGarryowen-Strong winds and heavy rain lasted for 30 minutes.
March 2014FloodPryor-Low land flooding occurred near Wyola as some houses were flooded.
June 2014Thunderstorm WindDecker-A wind gust blew a camper off a pickup truck.

Mines and quarries

128 recorded

The Survey's mineral resources record lists 128 workings inside this county. 2 still produce and 126 are closed or unrecorded. Each settlement page carries the workings within five miles of it.

Commodity Workings
Sand and Gravel, Construction55
Clay36
Bentonite18
Pumice6
Gypsum-Anhydrite5
Uranium3
Flagstone2
Calcium1
Limestone, Dimension1
Silica1

The least common of them first, because a county's hundredth gravel pit says nothing its first ten did not.

Where SiteCommodity StatusRecorded
Lime DepositCalciumPast Producer
Limestone OccurrenceLimestone, DimensionOccurrence
Silica Sand OccurrenceSilicaOccurrence
Unnamed QuarryFlagstonePast Producer
Unnamed QuarryFlagstonePast Producer
UnknownUraniumOccurrenceStratabound
UnknownUraniumOccurrenceStratabound
Unnamed LocationUraniumOccurrence
Lodge Grass Creek DepositGypsum-AnhydriteOccurrence
Shively Dome DepositGypsum-AnhydriteOccurrence
Unnamed LocationGypsum-AnhydriteOccurrence
Unnamed LocationGypsum-AnhydriteOccurrence
Unnamed LocationGypsum-AnhydriteOccurrence
Beauvais Creek PumicePumiceOccurrence
Crow Reservation AshPumiceOccurrence
Pumice OccurrencePumiceOccurrence
Pumicite OccurrencePumiceProspect
Pumicite ProspectPumiceProspect
Yellowtail Dam PumicitePumiceOccurrence
Bentonite OccurrenceBentoniteOccurrence
Bentonite ProspectBentoniteOccurrence
Hardin BentoniteBentonitePast Producer
Unnamed Bentonite OccurrenceBentoniteOccurrence
Unnamed Bentonite OccurrenceBentoniteOccurrence
Unnamed Bentonite OccurrenceBentoniteOccurrence
Unnamed Bentonite OccurrenceBentoniteOccurrence
Unnamed Bentonite OccurrenceBentoniteOccurrence
Unnamed Bentonite OccurrenceBentoniteOccurrence
Unnamed Bentonite OccurrenceBentoniteOccurrence
Unnamed Bentonite OccurrenceBentoniteOccurrence
Unnamed Bentonite OccurrenceBentoniteOccurrence
Unnamed Bentonite OccurrenceBentoniteOccurrence
Unnamed Bentonite OccurrenceBentoniteOccurrence
Unnamed Bentonite OccurrenceBentoniteOccurrence
Unnamed Bentonite OccurrenceBentoniteOccurrence
Unnamed Coal MineBentoniteProspect
Wyotona Mining Co. PropertyBentoniteProspect
Clay and Shale OccurrenceClayOccurrence
Clay and Shale OccurrenceClayOccurrence
Clay and Shale OccurrencesClayOccurrence
Soap Creek BentoniteClayOccurrence
Unnamed BentoniteClayOccurrence
Unnamed BentoniteClayOccurrence
Unnamed BentoniteClayOccurrence
Unnamed BentoniteClayOccurrence
Unnamed BentoniteClayOccurrence
Unnamed BentoniteClayOccurrence
Unnamed BentoniteClayOccurrence
Unnamed BentoniteClayOccurrence
Unnamed BentoniteClayOccurrence
Unnamed BentoniteClayOccurrence
Unnamed BentoniteClayOccurrence
Unnamed BentoniteClayOccurrence
Unnamed BentoniteClayOccurrence
Unnamed BentoniteClayOccurrence
Unnamed BentoniteClayOccurrence
Unnamed BentoniteClayOccurrence
Unnamed BentoniteClayOccurrence
Unnamed BentoniteClayOccurrence
Unnamed BentoniteClayOccurrence
Unnamed BentoniteClayOccurrence
Unnamed BentoniteClayOccurrence
Unnamed BentoniteClayOccurrence
Unnamed BentoniteClayOccurrence
Unnamed BentoniteClayOccurrence
Unnamed BentoniteClayOccurrence
Unnamed Bentonite OccurrenceClayOccurrence
Unnamed Bentonite OccurrenceClayOccurrence
Unnamed Bentonite OccurrenceClayOccurrence
Unnamed Clay and Shale OccurrenceClayOccurrence
Unnamed LocationClayOccurrence
Unnamed LocationClayOccurrence
Unnamed LocationClayOccurrence
Foss PitSand and Gravel, ConstructionProducer
Gravel PitSand and Gravel, ConstructionUnknown
Gravel PitSand and Gravel, ConstructionUnknown
Gravel PitSand and Gravel, ConstructionUnknown
Gravel PitSand and Gravel, ConstructionUnknown
Gravel PitSand and Gravel, ConstructionUnknown
Gravel PitSand and Gravel, ConstructionUnknown
Gravel PitSand and Gravel, ConstructionUnknown
Gravel PitSand and Gravel, ConstructionUnknown
Gravel PitSand and Gravel, ConstructionUnknown
Gravel PitSand and Gravel, ConstructionUnknown
Gravel PitSand and Gravel, ConstructionUnknown
Gravel PitSand and Gravel, ConstructionUnknown
Gravel PitSand and Gravel, ConstructionUnknown
Gravel PitSand and Gravel, ConstructionUnknown
Gravel PitSand and Gravel, ConstructionUnknown
Gravel PitSand and Gravel, ConstructionUnknown
Gravel PitSand and Gravel, ConstructionUnknown
Gravel PitSand and Gravel, ConstructionUnknown
Gravel PitSand and Gravel, ConstructionUnknown
Gravel PitSand and Gravel, ConstructionUnknown
Gravel PitSand and Gravel, ConstructionUnknown
Gravel PitSand and Gravel, ConstructionUnknown
Gravel PitSand and Gravel, ConstructionUnknown
Gravel PitSand and Gravel, ConstructionUnknown
Gravel PitsSand and Gravel, ConstructionUnknown
Gravel PitsSand and Gravel, ConstructionUnknown
Gravel PitsSand and Gravel, ConstructionUnknown
Gravel PitsSand and Gravel, ConstructionUnknown
Gravel PitsSand and Gravel, ConstructionUnknown
Gravel PitsSand and Gravel, ConstructionUnknown
Gravel PitsSand and Gravel, ConstructionUnknown
Gravel PitsSand and Gravel, ConstructionUnknown
Koebbe Sand and GravelSand and Gravel, ConstructionPast Producer
Melville Sand and GravelSand and Gravel, ConstructionProducer
Torski Pit and PlantSand and Gravel, ConstructionUnknown
Unnamed Gravel PitSand and Gravel, ConstructionUnknown
Unnamed Gravel PitSand and Gravel, ConstructionUnknown
Unnamed Gravel PitSand and Gravel, ConstructionUnknown
Unnamed Gravel PitSand and Gravel, ConstructionUnknown
Unnamed Gravel PitSand and Gravel, ConstructionUnknown
Unnamed Gravel PitSand and Gravel, ConstructionUnknown
Unnamed Gravel PitSand and Gravel, ConstructionUnknown
Unnamed Gravel PitSand and Gravel, ConstructionUnknown
Unnamed Gravel PitSand and Gravel, ConstructionUnknown
Unnamed Gravel PitSand and Gravel, ConstructionUnknown
Unnamed Gravel PitSand and Gravel, ConstructionUnknown
Unnamed Gravel PitSand and Gravel, ConstructionUnknown
Unnamed Gravel PitsSand and Gravel, ConstructionUnknown
Unnamed Gravel PitsSand and Gravel, ConstructionUnknown
Unnamed Gravel PitsSand and Gravel, ConstructionUnknown
Unnamed Gravel PitsSand and Gravel, ConstructionUnknown
Unnamed Gravel PitsSand and Gravel, ConstructionUnknown
Unnamed Gravel PitsSand and Gravel, ConstructionUnknown
Unnamed Gravel PitsSand and Gravel, ConstructionUnknown

Every populated place in the county

27

Named settlements recorded in the Geographic Names Information System, each with the topographic sheets covering it. Villages, hamlets and abandoned places alike. Each is shown with the nearest named watercourse or landform and the survey quadrangle it falls on.

The vanished settlements of Big Horn County: the places named above that are no longer on the map.

Provenance

  • Topographic sheets. USGS Historical Topographic Map Collection, county index, measured from the bulk metadata.
  • Fire insurance maps. Library of Congress Sanborn collection, faceted to this county.
  • Photographs. Each place queried individually against the Library of Congress Prints and Photographs search.
  • Wildfire. Short, Karen C. 2022. Spatial wildfire occurrence data for the United States, 1992-2020 [FPA_FOD_20221014]. 6th Edition. Fort Collins, CO: Forest Service Research Data Archive. https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2013-0009.6 Collected with United States Government funding and usable without additional permissions or fees.
  • Mines and quarries. USGS Mineral Resources Data System (MRDS) https://mrdata.usgs.gov/mrds/ A work of the United States government, no copyright under 17 U.S.C. 105.
  • Storms. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, Storm Events Database https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/stormevents/ A work of the United States government, no copyright under 17 U.S.C. 105. Narratives are quoted verbatim from the National Weather Service report and are not edited or summarised.