Portland, Oregon - History (part 17 of 18)

The foregoing is merely an outline of Mr. Dodd's career, and gives but a limited view of the many directions in which his active energies have found an outlet. It furnishes but a feeble idea of the man, and no insight into his marked individuality' or the peculiarities which distinguish him from other men. It is perhaps unnecessary to say that of the men promiuenth- identified with the forces which have made the Pacific Northwest what it is to-day, he holds no mean place. Few men possess a greater amount of physical energy or have had a more varied experience with men or affairs. His mental operations are quick, while his ready power of expressing himself forcibly and clearly, would be the first thing to impress one brought iu contact with hira. Quickly grasping any subject towards which his mind is turned, he is fertile and original in applying means to meet every emergenc}-. Whatever he under takes he goes at it with a determined energy, w'hich seemingly has not stopped for a moment to think of defeat. There is perhaps no business in Portland of equal magnitude to his own, which represents so thoroughly the effort of one mind, or stands so alone as the creative work of one man. He physically and mentally works harder than any one connected with his business, and has the constitution to permit of such application. Although he impresses the casual observer as the active, ever-on-themove, always ready and apparently never tired business man, still he does an immense amount of general reading, and keeps fully abreast of the literar)- and scientific world, and has one of the best selected private libraries in the Cit\-. He has a delightful social side, and finds perhaps his greatest pleasure in associating with congenial friends. He has not let the dail)- grind of an exacting business career sour his nature or impair the natural kindness of his disposition. The hard features of commercial life are left behind when he emerges from business, and all that makes a man welcome wherever he goes, takes their place. His home life has been singularh' a happj' one. His wife, of refined and cultured mind, has been truh- a helpmate and companion, sharing and co-operating iu all of his plans, and has done her full share toward creating a home where he finds his chief happiness. The}- have had four children, three of whom, two sons and a daughter, are living. Their elder son, Walter H., is a graduate of Amherst College, Class of 1889, while their second son, Etlward Arthur, is in the Junior class at the same College, and will graduate in 1891.

Such is a brief accouut of this successful merchant and public spirited citizen, whose talents were never hoarded in a napkin or put out at usury, but have iu many ways enriched his fellows, and in full measure contributed to the prospsrity of his State and section.

HOLMAN, James Ditval, was born in August 18, 1814, on his father's farm in Woodford county, Kentucky. He was of the Holniau family so well known in the Southern and Middle States. His mother was a Duval of Husenot descent, a family of equal position with the Holnians in the south. Of Mr. Holman's greatgrand parents, three came from Virginia and one from North Carolina. His parents were John and Betsy L. Holman, who were married in October, 1810. In 1817 they moved to Tennessee, where they resided for nine years, when they moved to Clay county, Missouri. His mother died in 1841, and his father came to Oregon in the immigration of 1S43. In .\ugust, 1840, James D. Holman married Rachael Hixson Summers of Fleming county, Kentucky, who survives him, and now (1890), is living at Portland. Her family is well known, particularly in Kentucky, and is closely related to the Hixson, Mason and Morris families of that State. She was born February 27, 1823, in Fleming county, Kentucky, and in 1840 accompanied her father, Thomas Summers, on a trip to Western Missouri, which he took for his health. While there she met Mr. Holman.

Soon after he reached manhood Mr. Holman engaged in mercantile business. During that period the large number of Mormons in this section of Missouri caused great trouble, and partly by reason of his opposition to them and the active measures against them, in which he was a participant, he failed in business in 1845. His failure, too, was caused in part by the bankruptcy of a large number of his debtors. He refused to avail himself of bankruptcy or insolvency laws, and after he came to Oregon, and as soon as he was able to do so, he voluntarily repaid, with accrued interest, all his debts and obligations contracted before his business in Missouri failed.

In 1846, Mr. Holman, with his wife and two children came to Oregon across the plains in the immigration of that year. They left Independence, Missouri, in the spring and arrived at Oregon City, October 5, 1846. It is unnecessary to recount the hardships and privations, and their encounters with Indians on their toilsome land journey of over 2,000 miles. All old residents of Oreg-jn know what the immigrations of the '40's endured. It is a part of the heroic history of Oregon. When Mr. Holman and his family started for Oregon, all that part of the country north of California was in dispute between the United States and England. The Ashburton treaty was not made until the immigrants of 1846 were half way over on their western march. At that time California belonged to Mexico. There were rumors of war, but the Mexican war had not begun. And gold was not known as being in California until two years later.

The real pioneers of t)regon are those who came prior to 1847. Others experienced equal hardships and dangers, but the Ashburton treaty settled forever the claim that what is now the States of Oregon and Washington belonged to the United States. Those who came after 1846 took no risk on the ownership of the country. The earlier immigrations had made plain the road which the later immigrations traveled.

On their arrival, Mr. Holman and his family stayed for a short time in Oregon City, but soon after they settled on a piece of land in Clackamas county, near Oregon City, where they lived until 1848. At that time news was brought by a sailing vessel of the discovery of gold in California. Mr. Holman took his family to Oregon City, and, with others, organized a party to go overland to California aud seek for gold. This party were the first overland Argonauts to arrive in California after the discovery of gold there. Mr. Holman was very successful in mining. After some months' working of placers on the American and the Feather rivers, he "cleaned up" several thousand dollars. General Sutter becoming acquainted with Mr. Holman made him an offer to take charge of all of Sutter's property', but he declined and recommended his old-time friend, Peter Burnett, afterwards Governor of California, who accepted the trust, and thus laid the foundation of his large fortune.

In 1849 Mr. Holman returned to Oregon by way of San Franci.sco, where he purchased a large stock of merchandise. He opened a store at Oregon City, aud his business, which was directed with energy and intelligence, prospered. He engaged in various enterprises calculated to advance the interests of his town. He was active in raising moue}^ to build a dam to increase the depth of the water in the Willamette River below the mouth of the Clackamas. Among his papers at his death was found a deed of the ferry at Oregon Cit}-, for which he paid ;fl4,000. In 1849 he was elected a member of the first Territorial Legislature of Oregon, and was chairman of the committee on Engrossed Bills of that body as well as a member of the committee on Wajs aud Means.

In 1850, having acquired considerable monej' from his business and foreseeing that the commercial city of the northwest must be on tide-water and not at Oregon City, and believing that such a place would be at the mouth of the Columbia River, he bought from Dr. Elijah White a large interest in the townsite, saw mill and other improvements at Pacific City, on Baker's Bay, at the mouth of the Columbia. In that 3'ear he moved to Pacific City with his family and took up a donation claim adjoining Pacific City by purchasing tlie possessory rights of the first occupant.

For a time Pacific Citj- gave promise of being the principal city of the northwest. A number of buildings were erected there and a large amount of capital was invested in the place; but b\' the jealousy of rival towns, the whole townsite was taken b\- the United States Govern:nent as a military reservation after expensive improvements had been made by Mr. Holman and others. Pacific City, thereupon, went down aud finally was blotted out of existence. Mr. Holman had invested all his capital there. Among his other investments he had bought a large hotel fully equipped, which entireh' filled a ship. This building, shipped, of course, in "knock down" state, was sent from New York, already to be put together. Mr. Holman bought and erected this hotel at Pacific City, at a total cost of |28,000. This with the other improvements aud the townsite was taken by the government in 1S52, and it was not until 1879 that the government paid him for the hotel building. For the other improvements and for the townsite, the government has not paid to this daw

On the failure of Pacific City, Mr. Holman was compelled to move on his donation claim, and to live there for four years to secure it as provided by the donation law. He perfected his right to this claim and it now belongs to his widow. On this land is situated the present town of Ilwaco. In 1857, he and his family moved to Portland, where he resided and engaged in business until his death in 1882.

In 1859 he was elected one of the three directors of the Portland Public Schools, and was annually elected for four successive terms. He was a strong advocate of of the high school system of education, and although he was opposed in his views b}- others while in office, he had the satisfaction some years before his death of seeing his ideas carried out, and the Portland Public Schools brought to their present high standard.

In 1872, he started the town of Ilwaco on his donation claim on Baker's Bay. This town has grown, and at this time Ilwaco and its suburbs and surroundings comprise the principal watering place of the Northwest.

In his youth Mr. Hohnan joined the Baptist Church, but the close communion of that religious body not being in accordance with his ideas, he finally became a Presbyterian. He assisted in the organization of the First Presbyterian Church at Portland, in 1860, and was one of the elders of that church from early in its organization to the time of his death, being then the senior elder. In 1881 he erected at Ilwaco, on a very sightly knoll, near his own cottages, a tasteful chapel. His breadth of religious view- was shown when he made this structure a union chapel, free and open alike to all denominations. He joined the Ancient Order of Free and .\ccepted Masons in 1850, Iieing initiated at Oregon City in the first lodge of that order founded in Oregon. He remained an affiliating member until his death.

Politically, like most Southerners, he was a Whig until the breaking up of that party. He then became a Democrat and remained such, steadfast through all its dark times and trouble, until the end of his life. Through the civil war he assisted in keeping his party together at great personal cost to himself; for he was not a man to swerve from his principles for personal gain, convenience or popularity.

The hardships and exposures of his pioneer life had told on his naturally strong constitution and repeated attacks of inflamatory rheumatism brought on Bright's disease, which was the immediate cause of his death.

Of his children, he left surviving him two sons, Frederick V. and George F. Holman, both members of the Oregon bar, and two daughters, FVances A. and Kate S., who still live with their mother -in Portland. Of his wife, it should be said that in coming to Oregon she willingly sacrificed everything except her love for her husband, and her children. She was in all respects truly his helpmate. By her buoyant disposition she aided her hnsl^and in making financial losses an incentive to new effort; and reverses were robbed of liitterness Ijy her sympathy and encouragement. There never was a better, liraver or nobler woman, nor a truer, more devoted, nor more helpful wife.

Mr. Holman's business affairs were for many years interrupted and interfered with by the long sickness and death of several of his children. At one time after he had started in business at Portland, a daughter became ill, and in order that she might have better medical treatment, and with the hope that her sufferings would be less, in a more favorable climate, he abandoned his business and took his daughter and wife to California, where his daughter died. This is a single instance out of a life time of tender devotion. He educated all of his children and bore his privations and losses on their behalf willingly, as sacrifices on the altars of love and duty. In every domestic relations he was ever a true and very tender man.

Mr. Holman was a pioneer of the highest type. He was in every way honest and honorable - an exemplary man and a model citizen. He was a man of deep religious convictions and devoted to his family and his friends.

Personally he was brave, almost to recklessness; he was temperate, untiring, energetic and far-seeing. He never dispaired, never let circumstances conquer him never sat idle bewailing his luck or his fate. He had the enterprise and the daring in business, which is so essential for the well-being of new comnmnities. Had he possessed less of these qualities he might have, by the process of accumulation and the accident of his location, acquired great wealth. Had not his whole fortune been tied up in his Pacific City enterprise, or had the government paid him in 1S52, as it should have done, instead of deferring the pa3'ment for twenty-seven years, thereafter, he would undoubtedly have made a vast fortixne at Portland. As it was he died possessed of property, the income of which was sufficient for his support.

After all it is the personal qualities of a man which make him, and bj' which he must be measured and remembered. If a man acquires great wealth by his abilitj- and .enterprise it becomes, in a proper sense, a monument to him, as is any other deser\'ed success. But if a man acquires riches by the enterprise, energy or foresight of others the wealth thus accumulated becomes usually greater than the man. The failures of such a man as Mr. Holman are often more creditable than the successes of some other men.

Mr. Holman was a leader in that army of state builders - the immigrants - not a camp follower who lived on, nor a sutler who grew rich from the needs of such an army. It was such men as he who cut out the way to Oregon and made it possible for later comers to be successful. He was one of the men who helped lay strong and solid the foundations of the State of Oregon. When sufficient time has elapsed to write a true history of Oregon and its people it will be then that such pioneers as Mr, Holman will be given the credit which thev so fullv deserve.

JONES, Henry E., M. IX The subjedl of this brief memoir, was born in Steuben, Oneida county, New York, in 1837, and is the third child in a family of nine children of Hugh W. and Sarah (Smith) Jones. His early life was spent on a farm and during his youth his educational advantages were of the most limited nature. The humble circumstances of his parents, with a large fatnily to provide for, made it impossible to give their children anything but the most meagre opportmiities for gaining an education. Until after our subject had reached his majority- most of his time had been passed in labor upon the farm, during which period the onlj- mental discipline he received was such as could be obtained in the winter terms at the district school. Environed by circumstances which offered little to encourage his ambition; surrounded by obstacles which seemed almost insurmountable, his future prospects for a career bej-ond that of the most modest pretensions were anything but bright, but even at this time he determined, however much the effort might cost him, to rise above the conditions in which fate had place<l him.

He knew how hard the work would l)c, he knew the difficulties he must face and overcome, but a high purpose made him courageous and he was not dismayed. Soleh- depeiulent upon himself, with none to share the inspiration of his cherished plans, and with few kindlj- works of cheer, he commenced the struggle for self advancement. It is, perhaps, needless to follow him during this period of his experience which finds a counterpart in the lives of so many wlio from like condition under the incentive of a worthy purpose have risen to fame and fortune. Compelled to earn his support by severe manual toil, while pursuing his studies, his advance was necessarily slow, and when he entered Whitetown vSeniinary he was at that time much older than the oldest student there. The embarassment caused by this disparity iu age was a severe test of manhood, and surely there is not a moment in the history of this gentleman when the unalloyed metal of his charadler shone more brightly than when he resolved under the circumstances to go on in pursuit of an education.

While preparing for college at this institution the war of the rebellion began and all over the great State of New York, at the first call for troops, men from the ranks . of the professions, from the farm, from work shops, from schools and colleges stepped forth to defend the Union. AAive preparations for war were seen on everj- hand, ordinary avocations of life lost their charms, and in the wild excitement which prevailed the military spirit was enkindled in the most sluggish nature. Our young student was enthused with the spirit of the times, and even his ambitious thirst for an education became secondary to the great cause which demanded the services of every patriotic citizen. After assisting in the formation of a company he enlisted on August 1, 1862, as a private in Company I, 146th Regiment, New York Volunteers. His promotion in the service rapidly followed. On October 1, 1862, he was appointed first sergeant; February 1st, 1S63, commissioned second lieutenant; March 1, 1863, first lieutenant, and November 19, 1863, captain.

Beginning with the battle of Fredericksburg, Virginia,. December, 1862, he participated in all the engagements in which his regiment bore such conspicuous and gallant part until disabled at the battle of the Wilderness, May 5th, 1864. This service included the memorable advance on the Rappahannock by Gen. Burnside in the winter of 1862-3, and the .sauguinar)- battle of Chancellorville under Gen. Hooker, in May, 1863. The soldierly qualities displaj'ed by Officer Jones quicklywon the good opinion of his superiors. At the time of Gen. Hooker's withdrawal from the Rappahannock, the 146th was on picket duty at the United States Ford. When the Union forces withdrew. Officer Jones was left with 1(10 men to guard this ford, remaining twelve hours after his corps and regiment had left. He then by a forced march started to rejoin them, overtaking them some sixteen or eighteen hours later at Manassas Junction. He was overtaken on the waj- by the advance of Stuart's cavalrj' and skirmished with them for about ten miles south of Bristow Statiou. His coududl throughout this trying ordeal was most highly commended and was the direA cause of his subsequent promotion as captain.

During the second, third and fourth da^-s of the battle of Gettysburg, the 146th regiment formed a part of the 3d brigade, 2d division, 5th army corps and was in the thickest of the fight which marked this decisive battle of the rebellion. On the second day the 146th, with three other regiments, at a severe loss of officers and men, charged up and obtained possession of Little Round Top, a position recognized by Meade and Lee as the ke3' of the critical battle of the war, and held it through the entire engagement. It was here, on the third day of the fight, while his company supported Battery D, of the 5th U. S. Artillery, during the terrible cannonading, that Officer Jones received a concussion, which, with his subsequent exposure eventually resulted in the loss of hearing in his right ear and partial loss in the left.

After the battle of Gettysburg, he took part in the battle of Williamsport, the pursuit of Lee's army and the battle of London Heights. He also engaged in the skirmishing in advance of Stuart's cavalry- at Brandy Station, while the Union forces were falling back from Culpepper to Rappahannock .Station in October, 1863. This service was followed by pailicipating in the battles of Rappahannock Station, November, 1863, and of Mine Run of the same month, after which the regiment went into winter quarters at Warrento JunAion where it was emplo^-ed in guarding the railroad.

The 146th shared the fortunes of the .\rmy of the Potomac until the spring of 1864, when General Grant assumed command of the army. The first real service the regiment saw uuder this great commander was at the battle of the Wilderness, on the 5th of May, 1864, when it suffered almost total annihilation - of the 600 who entered the engagement there was lost nearly 400 in killed, wounded and prisoners, Captain Jones being among the wounded, having received a severe gnn shot wound in the right leg.

Being disabled for service he was grauted forty days leave of absence, whicli was afterward extended to sixty days. He was ordered to the officer's hospital at Annapolis, Maryland, where he remained one month, when he was ordered on the recruiting service and sent to Hart's Island, New York Harbor. While engaged in this service he took 1 ,000 recruits to the .'V.rmy of the Potomac, at City Point, Virginia, made two trips to Fort Federal Hill, Baltimore, Maryland, with 1,400 recruits, and had charge of 200 recruits while transporting them to the .\rmy of the James. From November 1, 1864, to June 30, 1865, he had command of Company A, permanent part)- at Hart's Island, after which he rejoined his old regiment in Virginia, where he was entrusted with conducting one hundred men who had been discharged from the United States service, July 15, 1865, to Hart's Island, where they were mustered out in August, 1856.

Captain Jones was a brave and efficient .soldier, and in recognition of his faithful and meritorious services was commissioned ]>y the President of the United States Brevet-lSIajor of United States Volunteers. He took a genuine pride and interest in the service; thoroughly equipped himself for every dutj% and on all occa,sions proved himself a true soldier and a capable officer. His interest in a military life awakened amid the throes of war and stimulated by the excitement and dangers of manv battlefields, still abides with him, and he continues to take a lively interest in military matters and is unusually well informed as to the methods and plans of modern warfare.

The three years he had spent in the ser\-ice of his country seriously interfered with his plans for acquiring an education, but he had no sooner abandoned the life of a soldier than we find him in August, 1865, equiping himself for an honorable profession by reading medicine in the office of Dr. C. C. Reed, of Oneida county. New York. At the end of a few months he went to New York Cit}' to continue his studv under the direction of the celebrated surgeon. Dr. Stephen Smith, and to attend Bellevue Hospital Medical College. After completing two courses of lecStures at this institution he was appointed Adting Assisting Surgeon in the United States Army, and ordered to the Department of the Gulf, at New Orleans, where he served with great success through the N-ellow fever epidemic of that year. He remained in the

Department of the Gulf until October, 1868, most of the time serving as post surgeon of Troop M, 4th U. S. Cavalr>^ at different times being stationed at New Orleans, Opelousis and Monroe, Louisiana. At the latter place, in addition to his duties as post surgeon, he had charge of the Freedmau's Dispensary for four months, where he had an extensive practice and gained a valuable experience.

From_the Department of the Gulf he was transferred to New York, where he attended another course of lectures at Bellevue, graduating from this college in February, 1869. He remained in New York City, pradticiug his profession, until March, 1871. In the meantime, besides having charge of a class in Orthopedic Surgery in the 26th Street Dispensary, conducted by the Bellevue College faculty, he made two trips with United States troops as acfliug assistant surgeon -one to Fort McKavitt, Texas, and the other to San Francisco, California. In March, 1871, he was ordered to the Department of the Columbia, his first duty being to accompany, as surgeon, recruits to Camp Warner, and to return with two compauies of the 23d U. S. Infantry from Camps Warner and Harney to Fort Vancouver. On the completion of this duty he was stationed at Fort Stevens as post surgeon. In October, 1872, he accompanied the 2d U. S. Cavalry to Raleigh, North Carolina, after which he returned to New Y'ork, and while awaiting orders, took special courses of instruction in the the throat, ear and general pathology. In 1873 he again accompanied a detachment of troops to San Francisco, when he was ordered to the Department of the Columbia, and put on duty at Fort Stevens, where he remained until Septemljer, 1873, when he resigned from the service and began the practice of liis profession in Portland.

His course from that time to the present is well known to the citizens of Portland. Thoroughly' prepared for his work by painstaking, careful study, and an extended experience, he at once took high rank in his profession. His success from the first was marked, and his reputation, both in and out of the profession, has grown from year to year, until at the present time it is not too much to say that he holds a conspicuous place among the most successful medical men of Oregon. His pracftice has been general in charadter, but has largely pertained to surgery, iu which his success has been particularly noteworthy, having successfully performed nearly all of the capital operations. He is a bold operator, but it is the boldness which comes from conscious skill, trained knowledge and experience. Never rash, he aims to leave nothing in the simplest siurgical operations to chance or accident, still he has that faith and confidence in himself so essential to the highest success in surgery, and has never shirked an operation, however difficult or hazardous, which he believed it was his duty to perform. While he is a positive character, he is not dogmatic in his views. He is willing to learn from those even many years his junior; is wedded to no outgrown theories, and has ever been ready to adopt new methods which have been found superior to the old. He is not self-assertive, has little self-appreciation, is noted for extreme simplicity and modesty of character, and few physicians are so free from personal jealousies or so just in estimating the attainments of their brother practitioners. Dr. Jones assisted in the organization of St. Vincent's Hospital, and his best eneroies were directed to its establishment on a firm and permanent basis. From 1877 until 1885 he was surgeon iu charge, and the claims of this institution received at his hands all that his time and talents could do for it, counting even the claims of his large and important private practice as secondary to those of the hospital. Those familiar with the history of the hospital during the period named bear willing testimony to the self sacrificing spirit he at all times evinced to make it a worthy institution for the alleviation of human suffering. He is still connected with the hospital as consulting surgeon and cheerfully and readily meets all the drains it makes upon his time and energies. He has also held for several years the chair of clinical and operative surgery in the medical department of the Oregon State University.

In 1879, Dr. Jones made an extended tour of Europe for the purpose of relaxation from professional cares, and largely that he might add to his knowledge of his profession. With the prestige of ha^-ing studied under Dr. Stephen Smith and the friendship of Dr. Marion Sims and Dr. Addis Emmet, he was treated with great cordiality and shown much attention by Sir Spencer Wells, Sir Morrell Mackenzie and Dr. Thornton, of England, Dr. Schwartze, of Halle, Germany, and other distinguished physicians of the Old World.

Personally Dr. Jones is a man of kiuily feeling and of strongly sympathetic nature. Familiarity and constant contact with physical pain has rather intensified than dulled his feelings, and as a physician he is as gentle and tender as a woman, while a certain magnetism of manner aud genuine solicitation for his patients beget in return a degree of confidence aud love such as is gained b\' few phjsiciaus. Outside of his profession he has been a great reader, and despite the onerous duties of a large practice, has managed to keep unusually well informed as to the wouderfiil progress made in recent years in every branch of knowledge. His knowledge of men, the rebuffs of fortune and the asperities of life have not soured his nature, but have broadened his views aud sympathies and made more enthusiastic his faith in finding some good in everyone. He takes a philosophical view of things and is the broadest and most cheerful of optimists. His nature is mirthful and he believes in getting and giving good as he goes along. For his friends and intimates he has a frank, warm and loyal attachment - as warmly and loyally reciprocated. Such, in brief, are some of the prominent characteristics of this earnest, skillful physician, whose career has been one of constant aud unflagging devotion to duty, of mauj' generous deeds and of acftive usefulness.

He was married in February, 1879, to Mrs Mary H. Savier, of Portland, a lady of culture and refinement, and their union from mutual tastes and devotion has been one of singular congeniality and happiness.

IV/IALLORY, RuFUS, is of New England ancestr\-, aud descended from a strong aud hardy stock, well fitted for the furnishing of such elements as are needed to command success and produce laudable results in the new but rapidly growing country in which his lot was cast and where modern civilization has come with such splendid strides.

About 1816 his parents left their home in Connecticut for the West, as New York State was then called, and settled in the town of Coventry in Chenango County, at which place the subject of our sketch, the youngest of a family of nine children, was born, June 10, 1831.

Five or six mouths after his birth the family removed to Steuben county. This county at that time was new and thinly settled, and the disadvantages that existed were almost as great as a few years later confronted the pioneers in opening up the country of the far West. Railroads had not reached this part of the country, and communication with the outside world was extremely difficult. School houses had been built, but instruction was limited to the common branches, and often entrusted to unqualified persons.

It was amid these surroundings that the youth of our subject was passed. Being the youngest of the family his labors on the farm were less demanded than that of the older boys, and when school was in session he usually attended, but considering the character of the school this cannot be said to have been much of an advantage. When he had grown old enough for his labor to be of value on the farm, this condition of things was changed, and he was obliged to work during the summer, and his school privileges were confined to the winter months. Even at this period, and with his indifferent surroundings and opportunities, he made some progress and showed a decided aptitude for acquiring knowledge, taking rank among the first at school. At Alfred Center, eleven miles from his father's farm, was an institution known as Alfred Academy. To attend that school was the especial ambition of every youth in the vicinity who desired to gain an education. The winter that young Mallory became fourteen j'ears of age, he was sent to this Academy and remained during a term of thirteen weeks, which constituted the first real systematic course of instruction he had ever received. This was supplemented by two more terms during the following two winters, which completed all the educational advantages he ever enjoyed. He however made good use of his opportunities and obtained a fair English education, taking advantage of which, like so many country-bred American boys, at the age of sixteen he obtained a position as teacher, and was thus employed for several winters, working on the farm during the other months of the year.

Although there was little in his surroundings to stimulate his desire to enter the legal profession, young Mallor)- had an ambition to become a lawj'er. He had not the means necessary to permit him to pursue the required study, and his parents were not only financially unable to assist him, but were not disposed to encourage what they deemed an unworthy ambition. Both of his parents had been reared under the old Puritanical theories respecting religious and secular affairs, and they were firmly convinced that a lawyer's chance for honor was small indeed.

These discouragements and difficulties, however, did not cause young Mallory to abandon his cherished desire to become a lawyer, and an opportunity to make a start this end soon presented itself. In 1S51 he became a clerk in a store in the small town of Andover, about four miles from his home. One of the partners in the firm was an old gentleman named Jonathan Everett. He was an excellent scholar and a well read lawyer, and had been a practitioner in New Hampshire at the same bar with Daniel Webster, on several occasions having been associated with him in the trial of cases. He had quite a number of law books, the use of which he kindly loaned to Mr. Mallory. Here our young clerk begau the study of Blackstone during the leisure moments when not employed at his duties about the store. Mr, Everett was of great assistance to him, and did much to properly direct his studies.

Mr. Mallory remained at Andover, spending the little time he could spare from his work in reading law, until the spring of 1855, when he was placed in charge of three flat boats, loaded with sash, doors and blinds, and proceeded with them down the Alleghany and Ohio rivers, selling them to the towns on the way until he reached the mouth of the Ohio river. Returning home he came by railroad from Cairo to Chicago, and thus had an excellent chance to see the West. This trip determined him to settle in the West, and in the fall of 1855 he located in Henry county, Iowa, where he taught school and read law until 1858, when he started for Oregon, reaching Jacksonville on the 1st day of January, 1859, a few weeks before the bill admitting the State into the Union was signed by the President. He first located in Roseburg, Douglas county, where he engaged in teaching, and continued his law studies in the office of Ex-Governor S. F. Chadwick, who was then practicing law at that place. In the spring of 1860 he was admitted to practice in the Circuit Court, and in June of the same year was elected for a term of two years Prosecuting .\ttorney for the first judicial district, composed of the counties of Douglas, Jackson and Josephine, and during his administration of the duties of this office, established a reputation as an attorney and counsellor which was highly creditable, and to which succeeding years and experience have constantly added new laurels.

In 1862 he was elected a member of the legislature from Douglas county, and in the fall of the same year removed to Salem, where he was appointed bj- the Governor Prosecuting .\ttorney of the Third District, comprising the counties of Marion, Linn, Polk and Yamhill, Vice Hon. J. G. Wilson, who was appointed first Circuit Judge of the Fifth Judicial District. So satisfactorily did Mr. Mallory discharge the duties of this office, that in 1864 he was elected to succeed himself for a full term of two years.

.\t the general election in 1860 Mr. Mallory was elected Congressman from Oregon, and for two years worthily represented his State at the National Capital. At the end of his term he returned to Salem and resumed the practice of law. In 1872 he represented Marion county in the State Legislature, and was elected Speaker of the House, in which position he was noted for the fairness of his rulings, and displayed a high order of executive and parliamentary abilit3\

In 1874- he was appointed United States District .Ittorne}- for Oregon by President Grant, and reappointed in 1878 by President Hayes. In 1882 he was appointed Special Agent of the Treasurv Department to go to Sangapore, India, on business connected with that department. On completion of his business at Sangapore, he returned home by continuing his journey westward, and thus circumna-i-igated the globe, his actual travelling time being sevent\'-eight days.

On his return to Portland Mr. Mallory resumed the practice of his profession, remaining alone until the fall of 1883, when he entered into partnership with C. A. Dolph, Ex-Judge C. B. Bellinger and Joseph Simon, a legal firm which from that time to the present has commanded a large and most lucrative practice.

.\s a lawyer, Mr. Mallory ranks among the best in the State. His legal abilities have been tested in many important cases which have attracted wide attention because of new and novel questions involved, and on no occasion has he failed to acquit himself admirably. His painstaking industrj', his power of incisive analj-sis, his large knowledge of the principles and precedents of the law are conspicuous in all the fields of litigation, but appear to best advantage in the trial of cases. As a pleader, he particularly- excels, his style of speakiug being always clear, pointed and forcible. He has always been a hard worker in his profession, thoroughly knowing that the lawyer who fails by severe application to keep abreast of the constantly changing conditions pertaining to the practice of the law must be content to occupy a secondary position. It has been mainly through this element of his character, with unlimited love for his calling, and a worthy amliition to excel, that his high position in his profession has been obtained.

STEEL, James, banker of Portland, was born in Woodsfield, Monroe county, Ohio, on September 20, 1834, and is a son of William and Elisabeth (Lawrie) Steel. His father was born in Scotland, but came to .America when nine 3-ears of age, and was engaged in msrchaudising nearly all of his active life. He was a man of strong character, and every action in business and private life wasgoveruedby the most rigid adherence to a lofty conception of right and justice. He was strongly opposed to human slavery, and was very active for more than twenty years prior to the War of the Rebellion in the efforts made by leading abolitionists toward liberating the bondmen of the South by means of what at the time was termed the "underground railway scheme." He died in Portland in 1881, after which his wife lived with the subject of this sketch until her death in 1887.

The boyhood of James Steel was passed at Woodsfield and Stafford, Ohio, the family removing to the latter place in 1844. His education was limited to the common schools, and at the age of seventeen he began his business career in his father's store. Two vear's later he entered into partnership with his father, continuing in such relations for three years. He then made a limited tour of the West, visiting Iowa and Kansas, and in the spring of 1856 located at Dubuque, Iowa, where he secured a position as clerk and finally as book keeper in a wholesale dry goods house. Here he remained until February, 1857, when, after a short visit home, he returned to Dubuque and became book keeper and general manager of a hardware house, remaining until 1859. This service was followed by engaging for a short time in the crockery business, which proved unprofitable and was given up.

During the memorable political campaign of L860 he took an active part. After the contest was over he left Dnbuque, and being out of employment at the time, the Member of Congress then elect from the Dubuque district proposed to secure him some political appointment, which he declined. During these later years his father had, through the kindness of his heart, been induced to lend his nam: to some friends by endorsing notes, which led to the loss of all his property, and while under the laws of Ohio he could have retained his homestead, yet he gave up everything to his creditors, but pricipally to pay the debts of others. This broke up the family and the subject of this sketch then came to the Pacific Coast, hoping thereby to advance his fortunes and thus be able to assist his father and family.

In the summer of 1862 he came to Portland, and being without means, he for a time worked for his board. He then became clerk in the grocery house of Robert

Pittock, where he remained until January, 1864, when he took the position of bookkeeper and cashier in the dry goods and grocery house of Harker Bros. At the end of two years this firm retired from business, and for a short time thereafter Mr. Steel was located in Oregon City, straightening up the affairs of the Oregon City Woolen Mills.

Upon the organization of the First National Bank of Portland in 1866, Mr. Steel became its Cashier. Banking business at this date in Portland had not reached much magnitude, and for some years all of the practical management of the affairs of the bank devolved upon Mr. Steel. It was in this position that his natural talent for financiering found a congenial scope, and during the sixteen years he was connected with this institution he gained an enviable reputation as a careful business man. He saw this bank grow from a small beginning until it became one of the largest banking institutions on the North Pacific Coast, and during this period his labors were most highly appreciated by those associated with him.

In Jul}-, 1882, Mr. Steel resigned his position in the bank, to engage in a general warehouse and grain business on the line of the Oregonian Railway Company-, having leased from the Oregon Railway and Navigation Company all of the warehouses owned bv this corporation. He had hardly gotten his new business under way when unforseeu and unfortunate railway complications put a sudden end to the establishment of any well regulated or profitable business in this direction, and he was forced to abandon the enterprise.

In 1883 Mr. Steel became one of the organizers of the Willamette Savings Bank, and was elected its first President. The depres.sed condition of affairs which came upon the country soon after this bank was organized, left little for savings banks to do, and it was determined to change the institution into an active commercial bank, and in 1886 the present Merchants' National Bank was formed, of which Mr. Steel has since been president. His labors in behalf of this institution have been marked by rare success; and to-day it is one of the most prosperous banking houses of the State.

Besides the Imsiness enterprises enumerated, Mr. Steel has been prominentl}- identified with the Oregon Construction Compan\-, which built the Oregon Railway and Navigation line from Pendletou to Huntington, and the Palouse branch of the Northern Pacific Railroad, and had personal charge of the construction of the road from Colfax to Moscow. He was one of the promoters of and is largely interested in the Klamath River Lumber and Improvement Company, a corporation formed with a capital stock of $500,000. This company owns a large body of timber land in Klamath county; owns the town site of Klamath City; has a twenty years franchise for floating logs and timber down the Klamath river, and at the present time is building at Klamath City one of the finest saw mills on the Pacific coast. He is also half owner in the Oregon Pottery Company, of which he was one of the incorporators in 188-t, and is Secretary and Treasurer of the Company, and is also president of the Portland Trust Company, a financial corporation of $160,000 capital, and doing a large business.

Mr. Steel is associated with his brother, George .\., under the firm name of G. A. Steel & Co., in the insurance and real estate business. They, together with a few other leading business men, purchased about 400 acres of land, some two miles south of Portland which was divided up into blocks and lots and is known as Fulton Park. In order to bring this property into ready market, the two brothers proposed to their associates to build an eledlric motor road from the city to the land. Inasmuch, however, as the building of such a road would involve the expenditure of a large amount of money none of their associates in the Fulton Park scheme could be induced to invest their funds in an eledlric road enterprise. Knowing, however, that if the property was to be made valuable, some quick and inexpensive means of access should be had to it, a proposition was made bv Mr. Steel and his brother to their associates that they would build the road themselves in consideration of the company guaranteeing them a subsidy, which, considering the benefits to be derived by the company, and the increased value that would be given to their property, was ver^' small. Their proposition was accepted and the two brothers proceeded immediately to the formation of the Metropolitan Railway Company, incorporated under the laws of Oregon, with a capital stock of |;200,000, which was subsequenth- increased to ^f-iOO.OOO. Up to this time ele(5lric roads were in an experimental stage, and particularly so on the Pacific Coast. Two or three such roads had been attempted in California, all of which had proved disastrous failures. One road, however, was then being operated successfully in Seattle, Washington. After examining the matter as carefully as thej- could they were satisfied that such a system of operating a road would be especially adapted for a suburban road. They finally entered into a contract with parties, representing the Sprague Electric Co., to equip their road. In commencing this enterprise the primal object in vie.w was to get access from the southern part of the city to Fulton Park. It was, however, at once seen that in order to make their enterprise a complete success, it would be necessary to have their line of road extend through the business part of the city, and finally by the purchase of a franchise from a corporation known as the Traction Co., and with some modification of the same from the city they secured a franchise which extends from G street, through Second and other streets, southerly to the city limits. When they commenced this enterjjrise they were uuable to induce any other parties to invest their means in it, and therefore had to carry it through on their individual credit. The road is now in successful operation from G street in the city to Fulton Park, a distance of 4 1-7 miles; is being operated very successfully, and is generalh- conceded to be one of the best properties in and about the city. They contemplate building a branch of their road to River\'iew and other cemeteries contiguous thereto and ultimately to extend their line to Oswego and Oregon City. Besides the interests named Mr. Steel is financially interested in various other minor enterprises while his private operations in real estate have been conducted with almost uniform good results.

Mr. Steel was married in November, 1866, in San Francisco, to Miss Mary Ladd, a sister of W. S. Ladd, of Portland. They have had five children, four of whom are living, one son and three daughters.

Mr. Steel has been successful in business, not as the result of any single stroke, but rather as the result of patient, persistent and well direcfled effort. He possesses fine business judgment, excellent executive ability and an evenly balanced mind. He is naturally couser\-ative, and wild speculative methods, with promise of great reward if successful, but with ruin as the price of defeat, have no channs for him. No man in this community stands higher for strict integrity of charafter, business probity and faithfulness to every trust and obligation. Portland has been benefitted in many

by his ready willingness to promote by his labor and his means every deser\'ing public enterprise, and according to his abilit}- to do and to give the city has had no more helpful and sincere friend. He, early in life, became a convert to the Christian faith and has been an adlive member of the First Congregational Church of Portland ever since his residence here, having served as trustee and treasurer for the last twenty years and also for several years as member of the board of deacons and as one of the committee on Home Missions. He is an ardent republican in political faith and takes an acflive interest in political affairs, but has never sought or desired public office.

He is generous and charitable, and although closely devoted to business interests, gives much time and freely contributes of his means to benevolent work. Persoualhhe is a genial and pleasant gentleman, but modest and retiring in disposition and naturally shrinks from anything that would lead him into the public view. He is domestic in his tastes, loves his home, and finds his chief pleasure in the family circle and in friendly intercourse with intimate friends.

REID, William, capitalist and banker of Portland, was born in Glasgow, Scotland, November 22, 1841. His ancestors for several generations were residents of Forfarshire, and the town of Dundee. David Reid, his father, was conductor on the first railroad ever operated in Scotland, and for thirty years was prominently identified with the railroad interests of that countr}-. The education of our subject began in his native city at St. Andrew's Parish School, and was completed at the University of Glasgow in 1865. At the latter institution, after finishing his literary course, he studied for the bar and was admitted in 1867 as an attorney. He began the practice of his profession at Dundee in partnership with Alexander Douglas, under the firm name of Reid & Douglas. He soon acquired an extensive practice, and acted as counsel for the United States for several American claimants under the Alabama treaty. In 1868 he was employed by Mrs. Mary Lincoln, widow of the President, to assist in the preparation of the Reminiscences of Abraham Lincoln. While employed on this work he was appointed by President Grant as United States Consul at Dundee, and held the office at that port until his removal to Oregon in 1874. It was during the period he held this office that his attention was called to Oregon. From the official reports published on the State, and from intercourse with Americans, he gained much information concerning the State. In 1873 he prepared and published a pamphlet entitled Oregon and Washington Considered as a field for Labor and Capital. 30,- 000 copies were circulated, and the influence they exerted upon the development of this portion of the union is almost beyond calculation. The attention of capitalists and immigrants was directed towards this section, and one of the immediate results was the formation of the Oregon and Washington Trust and Investment Company, of Scotland, with a paid up capital of |250,000. The Earl ol Airlie was made president of the company, and Mr. Reid its secretary. In 1874 he was sent to Oregon to organize its business in this State, and so highly impressed was he with the resources of this region that he determined to permanently locate here, and become a citizen of the United States.

lu 1876 Mr. Reid, with several Scotch capitalists, established at Portland the Oregon and Washington Mortgage Savings Bank, the first savings bank of deposit in the State. This financial institution, with its predecessor, made loans averaging $650,000 a year until 1881, when they had ^3,700,000 at interest, and not a dollar had then been lost by bad debts. In 1876 Mr. Reid's friends organized the Dundee Mortgage Company with a capital of S500,000. For three years this company loaned |750- 000 per year. With it in 1880 was consolidated the Oregon and Washington Trust Investment Company, the united capital being increased to |5, 000,000. In 1882 he established the First National Bank of Salem, and was appointed its president. Diiring the following year he organized the Oregon Mortgage Company. The great confidence reposed in Mr. Reid's sagacity and honesty can be best realized from the fact that from May, 1874 to June, 1885, he had made more than 5,000 loans, amounting to 17,597,741, of which »6,000,000 consisted of Scotch capital. The losses incurred in handling this large sum were very small, and it is doubtful if in the financial history of this country, any equal amount, used in the same way, was ever so judiciously or profitably managed.

In 1881 Mr. Reid organized the Salem Mills Company, and in 1882 formed a company with a capital of $200,000, called the City of Salem Company, which first introduced into Oregon the gradual reduction system of milling. This company erected at Salem the largest brick mills in the State, having with the hydraulic use of the San - tiam river, an estimated 3,600 horse power. In 1884 he organized and established the Portland National Bank, of which he has since been president.

Soon after his arrival in Portland, Mr. Reid, in connection with Captain A. P. Ankeny, organized the Board of Trade of Portland, and was its active secretary for a period of six years. Shorth' after the creation of this commercial body he appeared before both houses of the legislature, and strongly urged the passage of the first Oregon Immigration act, and it was largely through his efforts that the first State Board of Immigration was created. Of this body he was also appointed secretary, holding the position for three years. During this period he wrote several pamphlets describing the resources of Oregon, which were translated into Flemish, German, French, and Spanish, many thousands of them being circulated at the Paris and Philadelphia expositions of 1876.

The present railroad system of the Pacific northwest owes much to Mr. Reid's enterprise and energy. In 1880 he conceived the idea of constructing a system of narraw gauge railroads in Western Oregon with its terminus at Portland, and was one of the organizers of the Oregonian Railway company, of which the Earl of Airlie was made president, and Mr. Reid local president. The construction of this system met with great opposition from rival railroad companies and the city of Portland. In the fall of 1880, 118 miles had been completed, but when Mr. Reid proposed to locate his terminus on the public levee of Portland, the citizens made a most vigorous fight against the project. The fight was taken into the halls of the Legislature, in the session of 1880, where, after considerable opposition, a bill was passed by a two-thirds vote of the senate and house, over the governor's veto, entitling Mr. Reid's company, which at that time was very popular with the farmers of the Willamette valley as an opposition road, to permanently occupy the public levee of Portland for its terminus and depot grounds. The road was then completed for a distance of 163 miles, and had its road bed graded to a point within eleven miles of Portland at a cost of S2,000- 000, where its further extension to the city was stopped by the Scotch owners of the enterprise, who, despite Mr. Reid's opposition, leased the road to the Oregon Railway and Navigation Company for a guarantee rent of seven per cent, upon its paid up stock for a period of ninety-six years, whereupon Mr . Reid withdrew from its management. In 1884 the Oregon Railway- and Navigation Company repudiated its lease, as Mr. Reid had predicted it would, upon the ground that the Legislature had not authorized the lease. Much litigation followed, and finally the court appointed a receiver. In the meantime the road had not been completed, and the grant of the levee bj- the legislature had expired. Residents of the Willamette valley who would be greatly benefitted by the completion of the road, now appealed to Mr. Reid to again take hold of the enterprise. At their urgent solicitations he again applied to the Legislature for another grant of the forfeited levee, and undertook to complete the road from the place abandoned in 1881 to Portland. The bill which was introduced for this purpose led to another severe legislative contest, the City Council of Portland and the Scotch owners of the former road being bitterly opposed to the scheme. Notwithstanding their opposition, however, the grant was passed in February, 1885. Mr. Reid had previously incorporated the Portland and Willamette Valley Railway Company, and at once commenced the construction of the road from the uncompleted portion built in 1880 and 1881, and had the entire system finished to the teiTuinus on the levee in Portland in November, 1887. This road, in which Mr. Reid has been so largely interested, has been of immeasurable benefit to the farmers residing in the fertile valley of the Willamette. Its existence is almost wholly due to his energy and persistence, and partlj' to the investment of his own capital. He is Vice President of the road, and its successful operation and its direct benefit to Portlaud, have vindicated Mr. Reid's judgment, and in a great measure silenced the opposition it originalh- encountered.

Mr. Reid's success in railroad projects caused the citizens of Astoria in the spring of 1889 to solicit his services to finance and build the Astoria & South Coast railway from the mouth of the Columbia at Young's Baj' to the Willamette Valley, which the Oregon & California Railroad, with a land grant since forfeited, had failed to accomplish during the preceding eighteen j-ears. Knowing the opposition he would encounter, Mr. Reid for three months declined the task; but after continued pressure from Astoria, and in person selecting his own route across the Coast Range, and ascertaining the location thereon of valuable beds of coal, iron stone, cedar and fir timber, he in Julj', 1889, undertook the responsibility of financing for and building that road, and became the president of the company. In December, 1889, he had fifteen miles of track laid, and twelve more miles graded. He then proceeded to New York, where he obtained propositions from railroad capitalists to supply the necessary capital to complete the construction of the 100 miles (including the Seaside Branch) from Astoria to the Southern Pacific company's line in Western Oregon, and turn the road over, when constructed, to such New York capitalists in conjunction with himself.

So much for a bare outline of the career of Mr. Reid. It leaves untold many, very many, of the directions in which his aggressive energies have found outlet; it gives only a few salient facts in a life crowded with events and crowned with rare success. Enough has been told to prove that he is a man of undauntable will and perseverance, and a sagacious financier. He is a man of remarkable energy, and his capacity for work seems almost unlimited. Always active, ever-on-the-move and apparently never tired, it is a wonder to his friends when he finds time for needed rest His main power seems to lie in the unconquerable spirit of perseverance with which his plans are pursued. If one path to a desired end is closed, he seeks another; but the object on which he has fixed his eye is never abandoned. He extracts pleasure out of work and appears most happy wheu organizing the business details of some great enterprise, realh- enjoj-ing the task for its very complexity.

Mr. Reid was married in December, 1867, to Agnes, daughter of Alexander Dunbar, of Nairn, Scotland. They have had five children, of whom two are sons, born in Scotland, now twenty and eighteen years old, and three daughters, born in Portland.

MACKENZIE, Dr. Kenneth A. J., was born in Cumberland House, a Hudson Bay Company post in Manitoba, Canada, Jan. 13, 1859, and is a sou of Roderick and JaneMackenzie. He is of Scotch descent and representative of a well known family of Ross Shire, Scotland, the old families of Langwell and Aldy, earls of Cromartie and Brahan, being a branch of the Mackeuzies.

Roderick Mackenzie, his father, was for mau\- years Chief Fadlor in the Hudson's Bay Companj' service and is now one of its retired officers, living at Melbourne in Eastern township, Canada. He is a man of great purity and strength of character, widel)- known and respedled for his integrity and who made a deservedly high reputation for rare executive and business ability. His wife, Jane Mackenzie, is also a descendent of an ancient family of Ross Shire, and a woman of many graces of mind and heart.

At the age of seven the subjeft of our sketch was sent, with an elder brother, to Jedburgh, Rakburghshire, Scotland, where he entered the Nest Academy, an old and celebrated preparatory school. Here he remained for several years and until he had completed the prescribed course of study necessary for admission to Edinburgh Universit)-, which renowned institution he was about to enter when the sudden and unexpedled death of his brother caused him to return home and occasioned an entire change in his plans. Even at this time, however, he had determined to enter the medical profession and his subsequent education was directed toward this end.

After his return home his preliminary education was continued at the High School, Montreal, and at the Upper Canada College of Toronto. In 1S76, he began the study of medicine at McGill University, Montreal, where, after a course of four 3-ears, he graduated with the degree of M. D., C. M. Being at the time under age and desiring to further prosecute the study of medicine, before beginning the active practice of his profession, he went to Edinburgh, Scotland, and attended the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons. After receiving his degree from this institution he was about to enter a competitive medical examination for admission to the India Medical service, but he was persuaded to abandon this course upon the aJvicj of Surgeon General Alexander Anderson, a relative, who had passed twenty years in India. At this time his father, through correspondence with Donald Macleay, of Portland, had obtained information which led him to believe that this city oifered a good field for the praAice of medicine.

This was impressed upon his son and was the cause of his final location in Portland. After leaving Edinburgh, Dr. Mackenzie spent a year in serious study in the London Hospital and Medical College, and University College Hospital, London. From there he went to Paris, Berlin and Vienna and at these different cities b}' study, observation and praftical experience, largely added to his knowledge of medicine and surgery. At Vienna he spent nearly a j-ear in a large general hospital practice, following the clinics of the most eminent specialists in that renowned medical center. This valuable experience was followed by a few months of general travel in Europe, when he returned to America and with little delay came to Oregon, arriving in Portland in the winter of 1882.

Dr. Mackenzie at once entered upon the pracSlice of his profession in his chosen field and from the beginning his success was such as to give him a high place among the city's ablest and oldest pra<flitioners. His reputation as a skillful physician and surgeon has steadily increased and at the present time he enjoys a most extensive and remunerative pradlice. Among his professional brethren his talents and attainments are universally recognized and conceded to be of high order, their recognition of his merit and ability having been shown on many occasions. He is amember of the Oregon State Medical Association, of which he was elefted president in 1887, an honor never before accorded to one of his years. He is also a member of the Portland Medical Society, and, as far as his time and professional duties would permit, has sought to make it an instrument to advance the tone and character of the local profession. For many years he has been one of the surgeons of St. Viucent Hospital. He is consulting surgeon of the Union Pacific railroad, associate surgeon of the Northern and Southern Pacific railroads, and professor of the Theory and Practice of Medicine in the Medical School of the Oregon State University. His contributions to medical literature have pertained most!}' to surgical subjeAs. Among the subjects treated especially deserving of mention are "Surgical Treatment of Empyema," and "Lateral Curvature of the Spine," which were published in the trausaftions of the Oregon State Medical Association.

Dr. Mackenzie was married, in 1885, to Cora Scott, a daughter of Pliny Hard}-, a well known lawyer of New Orleans and a comrade of Pierre Soulet. a distinguished statesman of Louisiana. They have two children, Ronald and Jean Mackenzie.

Few physicians make such rapid advance in their calling as is illustrated in the career of Dr. Mackenzie. His success ma)' be largely ascribed to his natural love for his profession, his earnest and exclusive devotion to his work and the most careful and thorough preliminary training. Added to the advantages of instruiSlion under the best medical teachers of Europe, he has been a close student and a hard worker. When he entered upon the pra(5lice of his profession he was thoroughly prepared. There was nothing superficial about his knowledge, and when he began to treat diseases and perform surgical operations his skill was quickly recognized by results. Confidence in him, both in the profession and among his patients, was thus early established and his subsequent career has only increased that confidence and added to his reputation.

His practice has been general in cliaradter, but has embraced some of the most difiicult cases in surgery, a branch of medical science for which he has evinced a high order of skill and in which he has performed some very successful operations.

His income from liis praftice is large, and by prvideut financial management he has already gained a modest competency. He takes deep interest in sauitarj- and charitable work and in many practical ways has done much to advance both. Personally he is a gentleman of pleasant and winning manner, has a wide circle of clos3 and intimate friends, and in the social life of Portland is a prominent figure. lu a profession where distiniftion usually comes late in life. Dr. Mackenzie has, while yet young in years, attained to a position in the front rank among the physicians of Oregon - an achievement which, with his strong vigorous intelle6t, united to a rugged constitution, permitting an unusual degree of mental and plwsical exertion, gives abundant reason to believe that a career of still greater usefulness and still higher honor await him in the j-ears to come.

OATMAN, H-\RRisON B., of Portland, was born in Courtland county. New York, February 25, 1826. His father, Harvey B. Oatman, died one year after the birth of our subject. One year later he accompanied his mother to Bellevue, Huron county, Ohio, where the family remained ten years and then settled in West Liberty, Ohio. Here they remained four years, after which they removed to Elgin, Illinois, and a few years later to Ogle count)', in the same State. The latter place was at this time a new country and here Mr. Oatman commenced life on his own account as a farmer on land obtained from the government. On December, 25,1847, he was married to Miss Lucena K. Ross, a most estimable lady, who from that day to the present time has not only shared his fortunes, but has b;en a most excellent wife and mother and in its highest sense a worthy helpmate and companion.

He remained at Ogle until the fall of 1852, when he removed to Des Moines, Iowa, and the following summer (1853) with his brother, Harvey B. Oatman, and their families, started on the long journey across the plaius to Oregon. After several weary months of traveling they arrived in the Rogue River Valley, in the fall of 1853, and here the two brothers and their wives took up a claim of 640 acres to which .they were entitled under the donation aft, near Phoenix. The old wagon which had survived the journey of more than 3,000 miles was placed on the line dividing the respedtive claims and served as a place of habitation until a log cabin could be erefted, and in this primitive way they commenced life in Oregon.

For fourteen years following Mr. Oatmau remained in the Rogue River Valley engaged in farming, mining and merchandising. He was a part owner of the mine of the "49" Mining Company in Southern Oregon, retaining his interest until after he had located in Portland. He also established the first store in Phoenix, which he successfully conducted for some time. Numerous incidents occurred during the period Mr. Oatman resided in Rogue River Valley illustrating the dangers of pioneer life in Oregon at that day. Perhaps the most thrilling incident in his experience occurred on September 25, 1855. On the preceding day Mr. Oatman, with Daniel P. Brittain and Calvin M. Field, started from Phcenix, each with ox teams and a load of flour destined for Yreka, California. Camping the first night near the foot of the Siskiyou Mountains, the train started up the ascent in the morning, Mr. Oatman in the lead. When within 300 feet of the summit the party was fired upon by Indians. Field and a young man by the name of Cunningham, who was passing at the time, were killed, Mr. Oatman alone escaping of those attacked, as Mr. Brittain, who was in the rear of the party had uot reached the scene, but having heard the shots fired in the vicinity of the men in advance, fled down the mountain to the Mountain House, three miles from the place of attack. Mr. Oatman, although within sixty feet of the guns, miraculously escaped unhurt and fled to the Mountain House for assistance. Before leaving, the Indians killed thirteen of the oxen, the remainder of them escaping. The attack was without provocation and the first in a series of Indian outrages which led to the greatest Indian war known on the Pacific Coast, which raged along the Columbia, around Puget Sound and in the region of Rogue River, from the fall of 1855 to the summer of 1856. No less than 4,000 warriors were at times in arms against the whites, and only a lack of hearty and intelligent co-operation on the part of the hostiles saved the outlaying settlements from total annihilation, and the more populous communities of the Willamette Valley from all the horrors of barbaric warfare.

The first jears of the war of the rebellion passed without far away Oregon experiencing much of the hardships of the great struggle. But as it grew in magnitude and hundreds of thousands of men were needed by the North to carry on the gigantic strife, the regular troops were withdrawn from the remote frontiers and sent to the front. Oregon, in common with the other States and territories of the Pacific Coast, was left exposed to the hostilitj- of the Indians who immediately after the departure of the troops who had kept them in peaceful subjection, began to assume a warlike attitude and on several occasions were guilt)- of adts of violence. In this emergency the loyal men of Oregon were called upon to defend the life and property of the people. Mr. Oatman was among those who promptl)- volunteered for this ser%'ice and on April 4-, 1865, enlisted in the United States Army, to serve during the war, being mustered in at Camp Baker, Rogue River Valley, as first lieutenant of Company I, Captain F. B. Sprague, First Regiment of Oregon Infantry. The services of this regiment were confined to the protedtion of the frontier and in operations against the Indians, being adlively employed imtil mustered out Julj' 19, 1867, and supposed to be the last volunteer regiment discharged from service by the government.

Mr. Oatman made a highly commendable record as a soldier, on several occasions being entrusted with important duties which he discharged in such manner as to receive high praise from his superior officers. On October 14-, 1866, he was ordered by Capt. Sprague, with twenty-two men from his command, and four Klamath Indians, as scouts, to proceed from Fort Klamath and to scout the country from that point east to Camp Bidwell, California. On the day following the order he started on his mission, and in seven days arrived at Camp Bidwell, 153 miles distant. On the return Lieut. Oatman's command was joined by a small detatchment of regular troops, under Lieut. Small, U. S. Cavalry, and on October 25th an engagement was had with a band of Snake Indians, in the vicinity of Lake Albert. In this engagement, which lasted for three hours, the Indians numbering seventy strong, were completely routed, fourteen were killed, more than twenty wounded and fifteen lodges, together with winter supplies for a hundred men were destroyed. For his ser\-ice in this battle Lieut. Oatman's conduct was highly commended in general orders by Major General George F. Steele in command of the Department of the Columbia, while Lieut. Small in his report of the battle stated: "Lieut. Oatman commanded the line on the left with commendable skill and energy, and the troops acquitted themselves throughout the engagement in the most soldierly manner.

lu October, following his discharge from the army, Mr. Oatman with his family located in Portland where he has ever since resided. He first embarked in the grocery business, in which he continued for some two years alone, after which Hon. Van B. DeLashmutt became a partner. The latter was succeeded as a partner by Frank Hackeney, with whom Mr. Oatman remained in partnership about two years. At this time he had become the owner of considerable real estate, and he gave up the grocery business that he might devote his attention to land speculation. In 1872, with Mr. DeLashmutt, he embarked in a real estate and brokerage business. They are still associated in numerous purchases of real estate in and near the vicinity of Portland, owning many acres of very valuable land. Mr. Oatman has been very successful in his real estate speculations, which have been conducted on a large scale, and which already have realized him a large fortune. He was one of the first subscribers to the stock of the Metropolitan Savings Bank, and is also largely interested in the Coeur 'd Alene mines.

As a business man Mr. Oatman has achieved a high degree of success. He started in life with very limited educational advantages, and without the aid or assistance of money or influential friends. All that he has he has acquired by his own exertion, and is a fine type of the so called self-made man, of whom the Pacific slope furnishes so many illustrious examples. He is a man of cheerful, jovial nature, who looks on the bright side of life and believes in extracting all the good out of existence possible and consistent with right living.

Mr. and Mrs. Oatman have had four children all of whom are living. The eldest, James Harvey, is a very prosperous merchant at Bonanza, in Southern Oregon, while the other children, Charles, John and Lucena are living at home with their parents.

BRANDT, John, was born in Lancaster, Penns3'lvania, July 4, 1828, and is of German descent, his great-grand parents having emigrated from German)', and settled in Pennsylvania, in the early history of that State. His father. John Brandt, for several years was engaged in the manufacture of rifles for the United States Government at Lancaster, and was a man of great natural mechanical ability. When the first railroad in Pennsylvania, known as the Old State road, running from Philadelphia to Columbia, and now' a part of the Pennsj-lvania railroad system, was completed, the managers secured a locomotive of English manufacture. This was in the infancy of railroad operations in America, and after repeated failures in putting this primitive locomotive in working order, Mr. Brandt was sent for and speedilj' accomplished the task. His quick perception of the mechanical principles involved, although in an entirely new field of work, attracted considerable attention and he was soon after appointed master mechanic of the road, which at that time was operated by the State. He remained in this position some eight or ten years, and was then appointed to a similar position on the Cumberland Valley Railroad, and later as superintendent of the motor power and machinery of the New York & Erie Railroad. In 1851 he was made superintendent of the New Jersey Locomotive Works, at Paterson, New Jersey, and in 1853 assisted in founding the Lancaster Locomotive Works, at Lancaster, Pennsylvania, becoming superintendent of the works. He served in this latter position for two years, when he retired from active life. He was connected with railroading during the incipient stages of its development in America, and it opened for him a field in which his natural talents for mechanics became valuable and were highly appreciated. He died at an advanced age in 1880.

John Brandt, the subject of this sketch, began his railroad career at the age of fourteen as firemau ou the old State Road of Penusylvauia. In 1843 he was promoted to locomotive engineer, and so continued until 1S46, when he changed to the New York cSc Erie in the same capacity. In 1847 he was promoted to the position of assistant superintendent of the motor power on the latter road, and stationed at Susquehanna, Pennsylvania. He located, put up and furnished with machinery the first shops at that point to operate the Delaware and Susquehanna division. In 1853 he was appointed assistant superintendent of the New Jersey Locomotive Works at Paterson, New Jersey, to build locomotives for the Erie and other roads. In 1855 he was appointed superintendent of the Lancaster Locomotive Works, of Lancaster, Pennsylvania, where he built a large number of locomotives for the Penns3'lvania and other lines. Two years later he was appointed general superintendent of the Cincinnati & Chicago Air Line Railroad. He afterwards filled a similar position on the Chicago & Great Eastern Railroad, now a part of the Pennsylvania system. In 1872, on the resignation of llr. Joseph Hildreth, as general superintendent of the Oregon and California road, he came to Portland to assume that position, which he has filled ever siuce with signal ability and to the perfect satisfaction of his employers and the traveling public.

Mr. Brandt's education as a railroad man has been of logical growth, and from early boyhood until the present no other work has interfered with his progress in his chosen field. He is a master of every detail pertaining to his position and its requirements. So thorough is his disripliue and so carfuUy does he watch details that on no line of raihoad over which he has had charge has a single pa.^senger been killed owing to mismanagement of those under his supervision. Since his connection with the Oregon and California road he has been hampered by the fact that the road has been heavily in debt, and with an increase in trafiic so slow that no expenditure has been justifiable to promote its growth. Under these circumstances his duties have been doubly difficult, and often of the most perplexing nature, but he has never failed to meet every emergency with promptness and wisdom. He has rare executive ability and when he set a line of policy in operation he makes it his business to see that it is carried out, even to the most trival detail. He is exacting in his requirements of those under him, but is fair and just to the humblest employee. During his long railroad experience no strike has ever occurred among the workmen under him. and if he is exacting and a strict disciplinarian, that he is also kind and considerate is evident from the fact that he numbers among his employes men who have worked under him from twenty to thirty-five years.

Mr. Brandt is large of frame, with a pleasant face, well set off by thick grey hair and expressive brown eyes. Forty odd years of very hard work have left but few marks upon his features, and he looks young enough for many years of usefulness. He is conservative in his views, and carefully weighs and considers every railway question. Hence it is that his judgment is deferred to by mkny of the ablest men in the railroad business, while his finely balanced sense of justice renders him invaluable as a referee iu disputed cases. Few men have had a more valuable experience in railroad management, and none have stronger or more influential friends.

CTEEL, George A., the present Postmaster of Portland, was bDrii in SlafTonl, Ohio, ^ April 22, 1846, and is a j-ounger brother of James Steel, whose biography appears elsewhere in this volume. At a period when most bo}-s have only fairly began to lay the foundation for their after career, he was thrown on his own resources. The most limited opportunities were therefore afforded him iu youth for acquiring even a practical education. The school of experience and self study have been the chief means of preparing him for the part he was to perform in life's battles. .At the age of sixteen he came to Portland, where he first secured employment as clerk in a commission house. In 1865 he was appointed clerk iu the Portland Post office, which position he resigned to accept an appointment as secretary of the Oregon Iron Works. He afterwards secured a position in the banking house of Ladd & Tilton as accountant, and was thus employed for nearly five years.

In 1870 he embarked iu the wholesale and retail book and stationery business with J. K. Gill, under the firm name of Gill & Steel. This partnership was continued for some time, but finally Mr. Steel assumed sole charge of a portion of the business. In January, 1877, he was appointed Special Agent of the Post Office Department for the Northwest Coast. He resigned this position in 1879, and accepted the Deputy Collectorship at Portland, which he retained until 1880, when he resigned. In 1881 his name was seut to the Senate by President Garfield for the position of Postmaster of Portland. Vexatious delay's occuring, he did not take charge of the office until July 1, 1881, and that was on a temporary appointment, made after the adjournment of the Senate. In October of the same year, upon the reassembling of the Senate, (after the death of President Garfield,) his appointment was made for four 3-ears by President Arthur. His term of office expired in October, 1885, at which time the Democratic party was in control of the National Goverment, and a Democrat was selected as his successor. During his administration the postoffice was admirably conduted. In the management of the most difficult branch of the public service, he succeeded in conducting the office to the general satisfaction of the business public - a task in a city of the size and importance of Portland, requiring a high order of business judgment and rare administrative ability. Prior to the expiration of his term of office, he had embarked with his brother, James Steel, in the fire insurance business, under the firm name of G. A. Steel & Co. After his retirement from the postoffice he largely devoted his attention to this line of business, and his efforts in this direction have been rewarded with a high degree of success. His relinquishment of official life was, however, of brief duration. In June, 1886 he was nominated and elected State Senator for Multnomah County, for a term of four years, a position for which he was admirably fitted, and where his services were highh- p.-ized by his constituents.

In Janiiarv, 1889, Mr. Steel and his brother secured the incorporation of the Metropolitan Railwav Company, a corporation created for the purpose of building an electric motor line from Portland to Fulton Park. Of this company Mr. Steel was elected President, and from that time to the present he has largely devoted his time to carrying out the object of the company. Active work upon the motor line was soon begun and energetically prosecuted, and in January, 1890, the line was completed and in operation from G street, thence south along Second street to Fulton Park Power House, a distance of over four miles. This is one of the finest equipped motor lines in the country, aud has fully demonstrated the practicability and utility of electricity as a motive power in the operation of a rapid transit city and suburban railway. It is the intention of the owners in the near future to extend the line to the cemeteries, and finally to Oregon City. The building of this road has made easily accesible some of the most desirable residence property of Portland, which has thus been largel)' increased in value. The construction of this road was accomplished solely through Mr. Steel and brother, who contributed nearly all the necessary stock, and through many discouragements and difficulties, successfuly carried the project to completion. To their enterprise and public spirit, the cit}- is indebted for this valuable transportation system, which is destined to be an important factor in the city's future development and prosperity.

In December, 1889, Mr. Steel was nominated by President Harrison, aud speedily confirmed by the Senate, for another term as Postmaster of Portland. This was an honor which came entirely unsolicited, he being in no sense a candidate for the position. His known fitness for the place, and the enviable reputation he had made in the office during his first term, were the considerations which induced his party friends to almost unanimously urge his nomination. His selection was received by the citizens of Portland, without regard to party lines, with warm words of approval, while the press of the city uuited in commending the appointment. In .\pril, 1890, he entered upon the discharge of his duties, succeeding Postmaster C. W. Roby, who had been appointed as Mr. Steel's successor in 1885.

Mr. Steel has always been an ardent Republican, and for many years has been a well recognized force in the political history of Oregon. In 1876 he was elected chairman of the Republican State Committee, aud his able management of the both- contested election of that year, contributed in great measure to the success of the Republicans - a result which will alwa3-s have a national significance, as Oregon's three electoral votes decided the presidential contest. For ten years following this memorable campaign, Mr. Steel's services were enlisted in nearly every State campaign, either as chairman or secretary of the State Committee, his ability as a political leader being highly valued by his party.

He was married February 18, 1869, to Miss Eva Pope, daughter of Charles Pope, one of the early settlers of Oregon. He is a member of the First Congregational Church, and is a friend aud helper of every worthy cause. In the prosperity which has come to Portland during recent years he has cheerfull}- contributed his full share. He is a hard worker, progressive aud public spirited in his ideas, and oue whose entire career has been synonomous with integritj' and manliness. He possesses in an eminent degree the qualities most needed in a public official. He is naturally courteous in manner, painstaking in the performance of every dutj-, and has a high order of administrative and executive ability. During the years of his public life, he has so acted as to leave the impression under all circumstances of being animated by a conscientious purpose to faithfully discharge every trust, regardless of consequences - a record which has firmly established him in the confidence and respect cf the public. He is geuial and social in nature, easily wins aud retains friends, and is deservedly popular throughout the State, while in the city of his home, where he has so long resided and is so thoroughly known, he has justl}- earned by a life of strict probity and integrity, the good opinion of his fellows.

DUDLEY, William Lincoln, was born at Yreka, California, Juue 29, 1864.. His father, John Dudley, for several years was engaged in the manufacture of wooleu goods at Lowell, Massachusetts. He came to California in 1861, and from that time until 1867 was engaged in mining at Yreka. In 1868 he came to Portland, and has since been Superintendent and Manager of the Portland Gas Company, and held the same position in the Portland Water Works Company, until the property was sold to the City in 1885.

The subject of this sketch was educated at the public schools of Portland, graduating from the High School in 1879. In 1880 he was appointed Assistant Cashier of the Portland Gas Company, serving in that capacity until 1887, when he was nominated on the Republican County Ticket as candidate for Recorder of Conveyances for Multnomah County. He was elected by a majority of more thau 2,600 votes, receiving the second highest number of votes on the Republican ticket, and has now nearly completed his term as Recorder, his administration having been in every way highly satisfactory to the people, irrespective of party lines. He has recently been nominated by his party for a second term, and as these sheets go to press, the election is only a few weeks distant.

In 1886 Mr. Dudley was the leading factor in the establishment of the Dudley Packing Company. This company manufactures and deals in packing for steam engines, and has been a most prosperous enterprise. A branch office has been opened in Chicago to faciliate the trade of the Compan}'. Mr. Dudley has been Secretary of the Company since its organization. He was also, for some three j-ears, engaged in the real estate business, at one time as a partner with Frank Cartwright.and later with H. Glenn. His success in this line of business evinced rare judgment, his speculations being rewarded with uniform good results, and some of them being peculiarly fortunate, nettiug him large returns upon his investments.

Mr. Dudley has taken a deep interest in military matters. He has served one term in the National Guards as a member of Company "G," and is now serving a second term, and acting as Secretary of the Compauj'.

A deservedly high reputation both as a business man and as a public officer, has been attained by Mr. Dudley earlier in life than falls to the lot of most men. At the present time he is perhaps the youngest official in the State occupjdng a position of equal responsibility and importance, and to saj' that he has proven himself thoroughly competent, is not only the truth, but surely a record of which he has a right to feel a pardonable pride. At an age when most men have barely commenced their career, he is thoroughly established in the confidence and good opinion of the people, which, with his exemplary habits and character, and the possession of unusual good judgment and business sagacity, make him a most creditable representative of the young business men of Portland, and one whose future, judged by the past, is bright with promise.

ORTHRUP, Edward James, was born in Albany, New York, July 4th 1834, and was a son of Nelson Northrup, long known as a merchant in old Oregon. He spent several years of his early life in school, but when quite young began his busii.'ess career as a clerk in a book store in Boston, where he remained until 1852, when he came to Portland. Here he entered the general merchandise store of Northrup &