Umatilla County, Oregon - Chapter 40: Umatilla County, Oregon, 1882 (part 4 of 5)

JAMES H. LASATER of Walla Walla city was born in McMinn Co., Eastern Tennessee, October 19, 1823. In 1850 he went from that locality to California, but returned to Illinois in 1851. In this latter state, while residing at Canton and Bloomington in 1851 and 1852, he studied law under Judge William Kellogg of the 8th circuit, and then emigrated to Oregon, arriving in October of the last named year at Oregon City. In 1855 ne was admitted to the Bar at Salem, and February 22 of the succeeding year, was married to Mrs. Emily Scudder (formerly Moore) a native of Illinois, who died December 23 1875, leaving four living children. In April 1863, he arrived in Walla Walla and entered upon his professional practice that is still maintained. His present wife, to whom he was married October 8, 1876, was formerly Mrs. Jane Jacobs. Her father whose name was J. D. Smith died at Salem, Oregon, July I, 1882. When a young man, Mr. Lasater studied medicine, graduated, and for a time practiced as a physician, but disliking the disagreeable incidents attending it, abandoned the profession. After his arrival in Walla Walla April 1, 1863, he became an active member of the Democratic party and one of its most effective organizers. For years he was Chairman of its Central Committee, and was elected District Attorney in 1864, but would not qualify. In 1869, being elected to the Legislature, he became an able and effective member of that body, and contributed largely towards shaping its legislation. His residence in the city is at the head of 3rd street, a view of which accompanies this work. He has other property in Walla Walla and 1900 acres of land outside of the city limits, some of it in Oregon. The names and dates of birth of Mr. Lasater's living children "are as follows: - Wiley, September 13, 1858 ; Julia A. November 25, 1862; Harry, May 18, 1865 ; Alice M., September 29, 1867 ; James H. Jr., September 9, 1878.

JOHN AND GARRETT LONG: The father of these gentlemen, Peter Long, was a native of Penn. from which state he moved to Ohio in an early day . Their mother was Hilah Dorland . John was born in Crawford county, Ohio; August 22, 1825, and Garrett in the same county January 25, 1835. In the year 1839 the family removed to Missouri, living in Piatt county two years and then settling in Holt county. In 1850 John crossed the plains to Solano county Cal., and remained till the next summer. He then returned to Missouri, and married Ann W. Barker January 1, 1852. She is a native of that state, and is a daughter of Henry Barker and Sarah Noland, both natives of Kentucky. The father having died, John and his wife, with Garrett and their mother, again crossed the plains in 1852 and settled on a farm in Solano county.

John went to North San Juan in 1855 and engaged in butchering, and in 1857 to Tehama county, where he began farming and raising stock. In i860 he went to Eugene City, Oregon, where he engaged in merchandising and in raising stock In 1863-4-5 he drove stock into this region, and in 1865 moved his family here and settled on the Touchet, four miles below Dayton, where he still lives. The next year he and Garrett built a grist mill. John owned and operated the mill from 1867 till the fall of 1881, when he sold it to Millin & Church of Portland. It is a three story frame mill 36 x 42, and has two run of stone with a capacity of seventy barrels of flour daily. The place has for some time been known as "Millton," but the O. R. & N. Co. have put in a side track here and have named the station "Longs." John has here 317 acres of land, a great deal of which is fine meadow and 130 acres excellent grain land. On the farm are two residences, two orchards, barns and other improvements. A view of the place, showing the mill, will be found one another page. John has a family of nine children, Sarah Catherine, John Henry, Hilah, Dora M., Luemma, Pauline, Willie, Finis, and Ledstone. James A., deceased, was the fourth child.

Garrett remained on the farm in Solano county till 1855, when he went to Santa Clara and attended school for a year. Being in ill heath he made a trip to Oregon and then retured home. In 1858 he was carried off by the Frazer river excitement. He went to British Columbia by the way of the Dalles, passing through Washington Territory along the eastern base of the Cascade mountains. His party of eighteen passed safely where the McLaughlin party of 300 had suffered at the hand of Indians a short time before. He mined for a time on Frazer river making an ounce per day, aud returned home in the fall. In April 1861, Garrett married Mary G. Small, of Pettis county, Mo., daughter of George Small, a native of Tennessee, and Melinda John, and again in 1864. He then went to the mines at Placerville, Boise Co., Idaho. Returning to Oregon, he again drove cat- tie here with his brother, bringing his family. After building the mill spoken of before, he disposed of his interest to his brother Hinch, of Mo. After this event he mined in Butte county. In 1863 he drove cattle from Oregon to this region with his brother in 1867, and farmed there until 1870. He then took up some land two and one-half miles east of the mill, where he now resides. He ownes there 320 acres, twenty of which are fine meadow. His residence and improvements form one of the illustrations of the volume He also has a fine orchard. Garrett and wife have had a family of ten children, George, deceased, James I., John E., Henry W., Brick, Hilah Ann, Oscar, Millard, Maudie, and a child that died in infancy.

GEORGE W. LOUNDAGIN, son of John and Susan(Lochmiller)Loundagin,was born in Meigs Co.,Tenn., September 20, 1832. When he was sixteen years of age he went to Franklin Co., Ark., and two years later, to Benton Co. in the same state, where he was married January 31, 1856, to Rhoda J. Stewart, born in Morgan Co., Ind., April 6, 1836, and daughter of Josiah and Mary E. (Siner) Stewart. In 186 1 Mr. Loundagin came overland with his family, and lived one year six miles south of Walla Walla. In the fall of 1862 he purchased his present home, near Waitsburg, which he has made his continuous residence since that time. He has seen the town of Waitsburg grow up at his door, and has witnessed and aided the development of this whole region. He has 540 acres of good land, his residence and improvements being shown on another page. Five years ago he procured machinery in Massachusetts, and erected a mill for making oil from castor beans. Last season he made over 500 gallons, raising nearly all the beans himself. His oil is of a fine quality and has a good reputation among the farmers for machine use. He has also a mill for making corn meal and hominy, which have a large sale in this region. His machinery is driven by water from the Copei. He raised 1,000 bushels of com last year, also considerable timothy ard grain. Fifteen acres of fine shrubbery and fruit trees ornament his place. Mr. and Mrs. Loundagin have had fourteen children, all but one of whom are still living - William J., born February 14, 1857; Isaac H., January 26, 1858, (died August 26, 1876); Robert W., December 28, 1859; Eva I., December 7, 1861 ; John B., January 13, 1864; Mary E., June 21, 1865 ; Ollie A., February 5, 1867 ; Minnie M., December 21, 1868; James O., August 15, 1870; Alvin B., April, 24, 1872; Rebecca J., May 17, 1874; Cora B., June 12, 1876; Lassen A., June 30, 1878; Myrtle M.. March 15, 1880.

S. J. LOWE was born near Petersburg, Menard County, Illinois, in the year 1832. In 1852 he crossed the plains to Oregon and worked in the lumber w_oods on Puget Sound until spring. He then went to the California mines, and followed the varying fortunes of a miner's life until August, 1857. On the twenty-third of that month he married Miss L. J. Willhost, of Clackamas county, Oregon, and settled down to the life of a farmer. In 1868, he went to Eastern Oregon and engaged in the the stock business. His wife died in January 1869, and .Mr. Lowe lived alone until July 16, 1874, when he married Mrs. M. M. Harvey. In 1881, he came to Columbia county, and purchased of M. B. Burk the place near Marengo known as Burksville, where he now resides. A view of this place is given elsewhere. Mr. Lowe is specially engaged in raising fine sheep and horses, to which he devotes much time and capital. He is a thorough master of the stock business, and is extremely successful in raising sheep of superior quality. A visit to his place will be of pleasure and profit to those interested in sheep and wool.

PATRICK LYONS, born in the Isle that gave birth and fame to a Burke and a Curran, became an American citizen because the land of his birth had become the home of oppression. His aged parents are still living in that fair country where occasional famine joins hand with iron rule ; where titles and taxes force the masses to pick of crumbs that fall from the rich man's table ; in that land where nature, in her smiling mood, had fitted a place for happy homes, and tyranny has changed to a " Valley of death" for a people's hopes. The unfortunate, the unhappy, Emerald Isle! The blood of William Overy could not save it ; the life of Emmet, offered up at the shrine of patriotism, was powerless to check her miseries ; and it has become the one spot among civilized nations from where it is most desirable to emigrate. Her young men flee from her shores as from a land smitten with a plague; the armies of every civilzed nation are filled with her sons. She has given to France a Mc Mahon and to America a General Scott and a President Jackson ; and her slain are upon every battle field of the South. Irishmen have died by thousands, following to victory our banners, and defending the life of their adopted country against its enemies ; we owe them something, and to acknowledge it is not much. In such a country, in Galway Co., Ireland, the subject this sketch, Patrick Lyons, was born on New Years day 1836 ; and twenty one years later, he sailed from those unhappay shores for Australia. In the latter country he followed mining and was successful, He also visited New Zealand three times, for mining purposes, where he took out $9,000, in three months. In 1861 January the 6th, he was married to Miss Frances Fahy of Bendigo, Australia, Colony of Victoria. Mrs. Lyons is a native of the same county in Ireland as her husband. After having amassed what he deemed an ample fortune - some $13, 000, he returned, in 1866, with his family to Ireland, where he became a farmer. In three years, high rents and taxation with crop failures had swollowed up his little fortune, and he was again forced to turn his back upon his native land. This time he sought America, where with his family he arrived in 1869, and reached Walla Walla July 7, 1870. At first he took up land on Spring Creek, and later purchased what was known as the "Page Ranch," where he now lives. A view of the place accompanies this work, and the scene is taken looking to the south east, showing, in the distance, the pine capped summit of the Blue Mountains. Mill Creek passes in its crooked wanderings through the place, from whose waters salmon trout can be caught. It is a pretty scene among rippling waters, mountain shadows, and valley landscapes. It is a choice farm of a 1000 acres, situated seven miles east of WallaWalla City, close to the Blue mountains; is all fenced and all under cultivation. Ten acres of it are growing some fine timber, planted by Mr. Lyons, said to be the champion timber culture of the county. His orchard includes apples, peaches, pears, plums and numerous other fruits and berries in abundance, more than sufficient for home use. For productiveness, an exceptionally large yield was of twenty acres of barley that produced eighty six bushels to the acre, and some wheat land that produced the same year sixty bushels to the acre. In 1881, from ten acres were harvested 800 bushels of oats.

GEN. JAMES McAULIFF, the present Mayor of Walla Walla, who has been eleven times elected to that position, was born in Malta, May 25. 1828. His father was an officer in the British army, and both parents were natives of Ireland. In 1836 they emigrated to Canada, and six years later crossed into the United States. In 1845 the subject of this sketch enlisted at Buffalo, New York, into the 2d. U. S. Inf., and during the Mexican War, acquitted himself in a manner that secured promotion, " For his gallant services on the field." In 1848, he was transferred with others, to the 4th U. S. Inf. that was ordered to Fort Gratiot, Michigan. In 1852, he come with this regiment to California as Sergeant in Major Alvord's company. The since world-famed General Grant was at the time Lieutenant of his company, and Acting Regimental Quartermaster. On being discharged from service in 1855, at Vancouver, he entered immediately upon an active business life, starting as amerchant at the Dalles, and while there was twice elected Treasurer of Wasco Co., Oregon. In 1859 he removed to Walla Walla, where he was elected County Treasurer in 1862, which position he held until 1867, and became a member of the Territorial Legislature in 1864. In 1869 he was elected Sheriff of the county. His service as mayor of Walla Walla has been noted, to which we would add that the Governor twice commissioned him Commissary General of this Territory. The principal events of his military record as Captain of company B, Oregon Mounted Volunteers, during the Indian war of 1855 and 6, will be found in the history of that war contained in this work. The General's public life, though an active one, has not prevented his gaining some temporal benefits while the county that has become his home was advancing in wealth, and we find among his possessions two farms containing 400 acres, a steam saw mill in the Blue mountains, seven acres and seven lots, besides his residence and lumber yard, in Walla Walla City.

In 1851, March 19th, he was married to Miss. Isabel Kincaid in Port Huron, Michigan, and their living children's names and dates of birth are as follows: - Anna P., wife of Dr. W. B. Clowe, March 24, 1854; Thomas, September 17, 1855; William, January 8, 1859 ; Frank, September 8, 1864. Of General McAulifFs character, reputation, or standing in the county, comment would be out of place, where his record given so forcibly portrays it. Few men like him have been so constantly in public service and retained that degree of confidence which prevents a candidate from opposing his continued reelection.

JAMES C. McCOY : - James and Nancy (Nolen) McCoy, parents of the subject of this sketch, were both natives of Kentucky, and moved to Henry county, Iowa, in an early day, where James C. was born on the ninth of September, 1836. The family soon afterwards moved to Dekalb county, Mo., and ten years later to Eastern Texas, finally settling in Johnson county the western portion of that state in 1851. Here James worked at farming, blacksmithing, masonry, and other occupations till the fall of 1866. In 186 1 he married Margaret Ledbetter. His father and one brother having been killed by the Indians, and his mother having died, he went back to Missouri in 1866. In 1868, with four brothers and their families and one sister, he came overland to Washington Territory. After spending the winter at Walla Walla, James opened a blacksmith shop on the Touchet just below the site of Dayton. A year later he removed it to Copei creek. A year afterwards he sold out and took a logging contract for a season, and the next year raised a crop on rented land just below Dayton. He then operated a saw-mill on Walla Walla river six months, after which he had a blacksmith shop at Milton, Oregon, about a year. In 1875 he put up a shingle mill on the south or west fork of the Touchet, twelve miles south of Dayton. This mill he operated constantly until it was destroyed by fire in July, 1882, A view of the old mill is given on another page. Mr. McCoy is rebuilding near the site of the old mill, and will soon be in running order again. He makes about 15,000 shingles per day, the greatest quantity turned out in one day being 23,000. Since last spring he has resided on a farm of 160 acres, owned by him, four miles south of Dayton. To his energy and capacity Mr. McCoy owes all his success since arriving, a poor man, in the undeveloped region he has helped to build up. His children are, Mary A., James W., George N and Nancy E., twins, Clara M., Andrew, Franklin, Mason S., Maud M., Viola, and Rosa. Nancy E. died in Walla Walla, in 1868, when quite young; the others are all living.

THOMAS K. McCOY was the son of David and Mary (Kirkpatrick) McCoy, and was born in Sangamon county, 111. March 9, 1827. He was educated and reared there, and on the twelfth of October, 1848, married Margaret A. Kendall, who was born in the same county October 4, 1829. In 1851 Mr. McCoy came overland to Oregon, settling in Linn county. His wife came with her parents the following year. In the spring of 1858 he came to Walla Walla with cattle, and that fall selected a location on the Tumalum now in Umatilla county, Oregon. The next year he brought up his family, and they then settled on the claim, where their present handsome residence stands. There were not half a dozen settlers within miles of tihem, and a large camp of Indians stood just opposite the house, on the bank of the Tumalum. When Umatilla county was organized in 1862, Mr. McCoy was appointed one of the first county commissioners. He became known as one of the most enterprising and prosperous farmers and stock men of Walla Walla valley. He was an active Republican in politics, and once received the nomination of that party for the Legislature, being defeated in common with the balance of the ticket. He died February 19, 1877, in Menard county, 111., while on a visit, and was buried at the old homestead. He now lies in the Rock Creek Cemetery there. His children are : Mary Frances, born April 18, 1851 ; Charles W., born July 21, 1854, died at the age of fourteen ; Joseph born January 15, 1856, married Miss Mary Cole in October, 1882 ; Elihu O., born June 7, 1858 ; John D., born October 9, i860 ; Martha Alice, born September 28, 1862, married F. W. Parker, of Sprague, W. T., in August, 1881 ; Lillis Ella, born December 10, 1864. Mrs. McCoy and her children are now managing the property, They have 384 acres of fine grain and pasture land, and two large orchards of fruit, embracing all varieties suitable to this cli. mate.

WILLIAM McCOY, a resident of Milton, Umatilla Co., Oregon, was born August 1, 1834, in Hancock Co., Illinois. During the early years of his life his parents removed from that locality to Iowa and then north-western Missouri, where the intervening years until 1848 were spent in Davis and DeKalb counties. The father moved again in 1848, this time to Texas, where the years that followed during William's minority, were passed in that free, untrammeled enjoyment of nature's bounteous life that leaves the memory of it a glimpse " of paradise lost." A' free rein and wild flight, over those limitless prairies in pursuit of antelope or the wild horse, was a favorite pastime, with enough of danger from occasional bands of prowling hostile savages, to make it a life attractively wild as that which chains to his native land the Arab, or the Tartar to the plains of Central Asia. In 1857, September 20, he was married to Mrs. T. A. Sikes, of Johnson Co. (now Hood), Texas, and there lived until 1867, on the Brazos river, when they started to cross the plains for Oregon. Owing to high water in the Texas streams, they did not reach their destination that year. In October, 1868, they arrived in the vicinity of where they now live, at Milton, Umatilla Co., Oregon, at which point the intervening years have been spent. The father of William McCoy, named James McCoy, was born in Floyd Co., Kentucky, in 1805. He was a hunter and frontiersman ; a man honored and respected by those who knew him. In 1865 he was overtaken by a band of hostile Indians near Fort Belknap, Texas, near where he was living, and was killed, a son meeting at the same time the father's fate. In this last struggle they sent to the happy hunting ground a few of their assailants, to herald their approach to the silent river.

The wife of the murdered pioneer, whose maiden name was Nancy Nolen, only survived her husband a few months. Of the original family there are now living only six boys and one girl, all of whom reside either in Oregon or Washington Territory. Of the eight children of Mr. and Mrs. William McCoy, but the following three are living : Elizabeth, born July 3, 1862 ; Emma, November 14, 1866 ; and Mary, March 21, 1876. The main occupation of Mr. McCoy is raising fruit, such as apples, pears, peaches, raspberries, strawberries and blackberries ; ol the last named he grows about one ton each year, marketing them in the eastern part of Oregon. One of our illustrations portrays Mr. McCoy's house.

WILLIAM H. McGWIRE was born in Jefferson county, Iowa, April 14, 1843. Three generations back his great grandparents emigrated from Ireland to Virginia, where his grandsire was born. His father, John G. McGwire, is a native of Floyd county, Kentucky, where he was born August 4, 1817. The early years of the subject of this sketch, were passed upon a farm in Iowa, years as uneventful, as unchangably even and alike, as those which have marked the youthful lives of thousands of the rising yeomanry of our land. It was an existence parallel to that of the mass of American youth whose parents are tillers of the soil, such as are often looked back to, when recalled through all the after years, with a feeling of warmth at the heart and a pang of regret at their loss. With William this was not destined to last always, for in 1862, with his parents, he crossed the plains to Washington Territory, where a new life opened up to him, as stirring and varied as the old had been quiet and devoid of change. He left home upon the arrival of his parents in Walla Walla, and went into the mines, where he worked for wages. Later, he purchased a team and freighted from Walla Walla to Boise. Then he sold the team and took notes for pay, and lost the avails of all his labor. Again he went to work for wages until sufficient had been laid aside to purchase, with some credit, another team for freighting, when he started on the highway to success. In 1869 he purchased eighty acres of the land that has since been added to until it includes 450 acres, which constitute his farm. It is situated seven and a half miles southeast of Walla Walla, in the foot hills of the Blue mountains. There his picturesque, unpretentious little home is located at the mouth of a ravine, with a creek rambling by the house, from where one can look down upon the city of Walla Walla in the plain, or up at the pine-clad hights of the Blue mountain range. A view of his residence accompanies this work, looking towards the mountains, which fails to show the more level and majority of his land, the productiveness of which has no superior, we think, in this part of the country. In 1869, January 28, he was married to Miss Semantha C. Roberts, of Walla Walla. Mrs. McGwire is the daughter of John Roberts, who now resides in Spokane county, W. T. , and was born in Linn county, Oregon, October 4, 1853. They have'but one child, George A., who was born March 14, 1871. In conclusion, we would say, that in this country, where so many have achieved success, none have gained it with less to look back upon with regret at the means employed, than has the subject of this sketch, W. H. McGwire.

DR. WILLIAM CAMERON McKAY:~No name appears more frequently in the pioneer annals of the Northwest than that of McKay. Alexander McKay, a hardy Scotchman, and well versed in the fur trade, came to Oregon in 181 1, with his son Thomas, as a partner of Astor in the Pacific Fur Company, and lost his life a few weeks later in the massacre of the TonqtcMs crew by the savages of Vancouver island. * His widow afterwards married Dr. McLaughlin, Chief Factor of the Hudson's Bay Company, at Vancouver. Thomas McKay was at Astoria at the time of his father's death, and a few years later erjtered the service of the Hudson's Bay Company. He became more widely known and had greater influence among the Indians of the Coast than any white man before or since. In after years he left the company and settled among the American pioneers of Oregon. He had four sons: William C, Alexander, John, and Donald. The last has become quite prominent as a scout and Indian fighter, especially in the Modoc war, and has been traveling in the East for several years with a party of Warm Spring Indians. Alexander and John are dead. William C. was born at Astoria March 16, 1828. He lived in childhood at Vancouver, and was taught by his grandfather, Dr. McLaughlin. In 1833, a Yankee named John Ball, came out with Nathaniel Wyeth's party, and was employed by Dr. McLaughlin to teach school at Vancouver. The next year Ball D went to Sandwich Islands, and thence to Boston. The next teacher was an English sailor. In 1836 Cyrus Shepard, an M. E. missionary, was employed to teach the school. In 1837 William was placed :n the dispensary to aid the Company's physician put up medicines for the interior posts and trapping parties. It was there he began the study of medicine. In 1838, his father, who was then in charge of Fort Hall, decided to send him to Scotland, and Alexander and John to Wilberham, Mass ., where Rev. Jason Lee was educated, When they arrived at the Wailatpu mission where they were to separate, William to go by the way of Manitoba, and the others by Fort Hall, Dr. Whitman persuaded Mr. McKay to send William to Fairfield, N. Y., where the Doctor was educated, and " make an American of him." His course and destination were thus changed, and he accompanied his brothers by the way of Fort Hall. He staid there five years, attending the Academy and Medical College. He came back in 1843, with the Hudson's Bay Company's annual express, and had to leave school before getting his diploma. His professors, one of whom was the celebrated Dr. F. H. Hamilton, of New York, gave him a medical certificate, or license, Upon his return he became a clerk in the Hudson's Bay store at Oregon City, as there was but little call for a physician. In July, 1849, he went to California, and mined on Trinity river, returning in the fall on account of ill health, and bringing back a goodly quantity of gold dust. In 1851 he went to Eastern Oregon, and in the next spring settled on the Umatilla river, at the mouth of McKay, or Houtamia, creek. In 1855 he was driven out by the Indians, and his property destroyed. He then entered the military service as guide and interpreter, and served till 1861. He was then appointed physician at the Warm Spring reservation. In 1866 he commanded a company of seventy-six Warm Spring Indians, in the war with the Snakes, and in a year whipped them into submission, the soldiers having tried it in vain for two years. In 1868 he became physician of the Umatilla reservation. In 1874 he went East, with his brother Donald and a party of Warm Spring Indians, and traveled two years? chiefly in New York and the New England States. He then settled in Pendleton and practiced medicine. A year later he again became the Agency physician, and so remained until 1881. Since that time he has been practicing his profession in Pendleton, where he resides with his family. Dr. McKay is a man of broad mind and liberal ideas. He enjoys a large share of the confidence the Indians formerly reposed in his father, and possesses in a marked degree, the integrity and firmness of character peculiar to his Scotch ancestry. ( * See page 44 of the general history. )

LEWIS McMORRIS, of Walla Walla, was born in Coshocton county, near Zanesville, Ohio, August 12, 1831. About eight years after this his parents moved to Shelby county, Illinois, where his father now lives. In March, 1852, Lewis left the home of his parents and crossed the plains to Oregon. The first year and a half on the Coast were spent in the mines of Southern Oregon, and the residue of time until 1855 at Yreka, California. In the latter part of 1855, B. F. Dowell was passing from Yreka with a pack train on his way to Colville with a stock of goods to sell miners in the newly discovered gold regions. When they reached Oregon City the war with Indians had broken out and the Oregon volunteer quartermaster hired Dowell's animals and McMorris as an assistant in the quartermaster department. He served in that capacity until the Indians captured the train that he was employed with on Wild Horse creek, in February, 1856. He concluded to try it again, and accordingly made a successful application for a position in the quartermaster department at the Dalles, and after going with Colonel Wright through the Yakima campaign in 1856, he went to Walla Walla with Colonel Steptoe the same year. He remained in the employ of the quartermaster at Walla Walla until 1857, in October, when he went to the Willamette and purchased a team and agricultural implements with the purpose of farming for the Government in Walla Walla, and returned to that place that fall. The Indians objected to the appropriation of any more of their land for agricultural purposes, and Mc- Morris was shut out. He had brought from the Dalles, on his return for agricultural purposes, one ton of merchandise to Walla Walla for Captain J. Freedman and Neil McGlinchey, for which they paid him $100, and finding himself without a definite plan for action, took charge of the goods for that firm and conducted their business for a time and then the freighting for something over a year. Freights from Wallula to Walla Walla, thirty miles by road, were $20 per ton, ship measurement (or 42 square feet), a ton often not weighing uver Soo pounds. In the fall of 1858 he pre-empted the land claim that is now occupied by Thomas Page; and commenced farming and stock raising. Since then he has continued in that business, Government contracting and staging.

CHRISTIAN MAIER was born in Hertzog Brunswick, Germany, February 22, 1835. At fourteen years of age his boyish enthusiasm to see the world, joined to a romantic longing for adventurous travel in unknown countries, caused him to ship on an outward bound vessel as a cabin boy. As the shores of his native land receded from view, he took his last look upon them, and in the years that have follwed has never returned to the home of his birth. The vessel that took him from Hamburg was wrecked on a lee shore on the coast of England, and but two survived the disaster - the cabin boy and the cook. It was a wild begining, but did not cure him of a desire for adventure ; and he again shipped for foreign parts, and followed the high seas for the seven succeeding years. At twenty-two years of age he concluded to abandon a roving ocean life, and landed in California in 1857, but reshipped for Oregon where he arrived the same year. From 1857 until 1859, he worked for wages in Oregon, and then came to Walla Walla. That fall he purchased a 160 acre land claim in the neighborhood of his present home, and has since been adding to it until he now owns 1 160 acres, 880 of which are inclosed and cultivated. His homestead is upon Russell creek at the base of the Blue mountains, six and a half miles southeast from Walla Walla. A view of his place accompanies this book, that will give the reader some idea of its picturesque locality. A new and elegant residence will soon be erected by him to take the place of the old home sketched in the view. September 22, 1864, Mr. Maier was married to Miss Mary A. Summers. Mrs. Maier is a native of Sidney, Shelby Co., Ohio, where she was born August 28, 1834. The names and dates of birth of their children are as follows : - Laura A., November 27, 1865 ; Henry C, February 21, 1868 ; Robert C, October 10, 1871 ; Mary J., October 23, 1873 ; James M., July 27, 1875 5 Margaret E., July 18, 1877 ; Charles W., February 20, 1880. Mr. Maier is one of the most influential among the German citizen of Washington Territory, and possesses the faculty of so planning matters of a financial nature that they always result in success. This ability, joined to industry and sobriety, has gained him a reasonable competence.

EDWARD D. MILLS' father was born in Casey county, Ky. , where he married Eliza Tinsley, and then moved to Iowa. There the family resided until the death of Mrs. Mills, leaving seven children. One of these was Edward D., who was born in Fairfield county, Iowa, January 29, 1842. The father moved back to Kentucky and was married to Martha Edwards, who was a Christian woman and a good mother to the seven little ones. In 1854 the family moved to Clay county, Mo., near Kansas City, and accumulated considerable property. When the war broke out Mr. Mills lost the bulk of his property and enlisted in the Union army. He served three years, during which his second wife died, having borne him four children He now resides near Eureka Springs, Ark. Edward D. left home April 27, 1859, and crossed the plains to California. He lived in Shasta county till the spring of 1865, and then went to Idaho. In November of the same year, he came to Walla WTalla, and in the spring of 1868 took up a homestead in Spring valley, Walla Walla county, where he still resides. November 29, 1870, he married Mar)' M. Dickinson and has now a family of five children. Mr. Mills' farm, which forms one of our illustrations, contains 240 acres of fine sub soil land, of the best class in the county. This year he has raised 2,000 bushels of wheat and 800 of barley. Mr. Mills is one of the successful farmers of the county, and has by his own exertions, created for himself a comfortable and pleasant home, which is shown on another page . A fine spring of water is one of the man)' conveniences he possesses.

JAMES D. MIX was a prominent attorney of Walla Walla, and for years one of the leaders in the Democratic party of the Territory. He was frequently their standard bearer, and carried it bravely both in victory and defeat. He was born in Georgetown Va., in 1818, and soon after became a resident of New Orleans with his parents. There he entered and practiced the legal profession until he was thirty years of age. During the Mexican war he was engaged in contracting in that country. At its close he returned to New Orleans and was married, going to California with his wife in the early days of the gold excitement. He parcticed law for two years in San Francisco, and then went to the interior of the State and settled at Shasta. For ten or twelve years he practiced law there, a portion of the time serving as District Attorney and Probate Judge. In 1863 he went to Walla Walla and there resided till his death, June 6, 1881. He twice sat in the Legislature, and in 1870 was the Democratic nominee for Delegate to Congress. He was for a time City Attorney for Walla Walla.

ELIAS MUNCY : - Nathaniel Muncy was of Scotch descent, and his wife, Elizabeth Vickres, of English. Their son Elias, was born in Montgomery county, Virginia, May 22, 1818. Five years later the family moved to Tennessee, where Elias worked on the farm and attended school until he arrived at the age of discretion. July 16, 1843, he married Anna Vernon of Pikeville, Bledsoe county, Tennessee. In October of that year he emigrated to Washington county, Arkansas, and purchased a small farm, where he lived until 1852. At that place were born five children - I. N. Muncy, April 16, 1844 ; William, January 30, 1846; Mary, January 13, 1848; George, October 10, 1849; Elizabeth J., December 30, 1851. He started overland in 1852, and Elizabeth died on the plains, and Mrs. Muncy on the Umatilla river, near the Blue mountains, With his small children Mr. Muncy settled near Salem, Oregon, and the next year went to Douglas county, where he engaged in farming and rearing his family. In 1873 he came to his present residence on the Touchet, in Columbia county, W. T., where he is quietly residing in the enjoyment of the fruit? of his life of toil. A view of his home is given in this work. Mr. Muncy has 300 acres of land, raises grain principally, but gives considerable attention to fine horses. He is a Republican in politics, and belongs to the Baptist church. His children are all married, and settled near the homestead. I. N. Muncy, the oldest son, was married in Polk county, Oregon, to Julia Dyer. William married Lucretia Perkins, of Yamhill county, Oregon, and later Anna Woodruff, of Dayton, W. T. George married DeKla Rainwater, of Dayton, W. T. Mary was married in Roseburg, Oregon, to Tohn W. Dixon, and a second time to E. Bird, living on the Touchet.

ALEXANDER NEAL, Jr., is the son of Alexander and Lyda (Bilyeu) Neal, and was born in Taney county, Mo., November 17, 1842. The family crossed the plains in 1844, coming by theold route down the Columbia, and settled in Marion county, Oregon. Here Alexander grew up among the pioneers of the Willamette valley, working on the farm, and in winter attending the schools that were kept in those old pioneer days. In 1862, being twenty years of age, he went to the new Idaho mines, and mined for three years near Idaho City. Although he made considerable money, he found that the opportunities for spending it were equal to the amount, and he abandoned the mines. Returning to Marion county he engaged in the saw mill business for five years. He then married Miss Druzilla McNiel, a native of Illinois, and daughter of Hugh and Sarah HcNiell She came to Oregon in 1864. Mr. Neal then went to California and worked as a carpenter in Tehama one year, returning then to Oregon to engage in farming. In [877 he located upon land nine miles east of Dayton, W. 1 . In October, 1881, he sold this claim and purchased 160 acres on the Patit, three miles east of Dayton, where he now resides with his family. The land is all enclosed and well improved, with good residence, barns, etc. There are twelve acres of orchard, twenty of timothy and thirty of pasture, the balance being fine grain land. A view of this farm is given on another page. Mr. and Mrs. Neal have growing up around them a family of five children : Charles Hugh, eight years of age ; Lyda Sarah, six years ; Alexander, four years ; Alice, two years ; and little Mary, but a few months old.

WILLIAM NICHOLS, a resident of Milton, Umatilla county, Oregon, was born January 9, 1838, in Bahornway county, Canada East, about thirty miles from Montreal, close to the north line of Clinton county, New York. His father's name was George Nichols, and the parents moved, while William was about 18 years of age, to Clinton county, in New York, and settled near Mooerstown. After a residence of some five years in this place, Mr. George Nichols went back to Canada, and William, the subject of this sketch, to Blackhawk county, Iowa, in 1856. A year later, his parents followed, and he was again united with the family, with whom he remained until in 1862, when he crossed the plains to Oregon. For a year his home was in the Rogue river country, and then he became a resident of the Willamette valley. In 1 864 he removed to Sonoma county, on Russian river, California, where he was married to Miss Sarah Spence, January 1, 1866. Mr. and Mrs. Nichols were playmates in childhood, and natives of the same town, were school children together ; and both had crossed the plains in the same train. Their children were born and named as follows : George A., December 21, 1866 ; Laura M., February 13, 1869 ; Charles F., April 23, 1874 ; Dorsey R., October 6, 1876 ; Jessie E., October 8, 1879. These chidren are all living except one, Laura M., who died October 21, 1878. In 1868 Mr. Nichols made an extensive tour through the Eastern States and Canada, and in 187 1 he removed from California to where he now resides in Umatilla county, Oregon, near Milton. A view of his farm residence may be seen in this book. The home farm includes 400 acres, 100 of which are timber land ; all is enclosed and 150 under cultivation. Mr. Nichols also has 300 acres in Spokane county, where he is largely interested in the justly famed baths at Medical Fake. Many incidents along through the years of his life have transpired of a character well worth relating, that the limits of this work will not warrant recording. Enough was crowded into the three weeks' trip, in 1862, between Burnt and Raft rivers, to fill a small volume. Every night of it witnessed the repulsion of Indian attacks, and several days the murder of his companions or the finding of dead white men that had been waylaid and scalped by those desert Arabs.

J. W. OFFIELD. - The subject of this sketch was born in Newton county, Missouri, December 25, 1843. Ais father, James E. Offield, was a native of North Carolina, and his mother, Lucinda Carnutt, of Tennessee. In crossing the plains in 1850 the father died, but Mrs. Offield, three sons and two daughters completed the journey to Oregon, and settled in Clackamas county. In 1865 J. W. Offield married Caroline Jones, of Union county, Oregon, and continued to reside in Clackamas county until 1S77, where five of their children were born : Cora, August 22, 1866 ; Herbert, March 10, 1868 ; Lorenzo, July 29,. 1870; Orville, January 23, 1874; Archie, June 3, 1877. Eva, the youngest, was born on Snake river, November 2, 1880, whither Mr. and Mrs. Offield had emigrated with their family in 1877, and procured the farm on which they now reside. A view of this place can be seen on another page of this history, showing Snake river and the bluffs on both sides, the residence and a portion of the orchards to which the land is devoted. The bluffs overlooking the farm and river are 2,000 feet high, and send down a stream of pure water sufficient to irrigate the orchards in summer. This land, of which Mr. Offield has 165 acres, is so peculiarly adapted to fruit that peaches, apples, plums, prunes, pears, cherries, grapes, apricots, almonds, nectarines, and all the smaller fruits are a certain crop, and never fail as they often do in other portions of the country. On the river in winter the weather is warm. The snow and ice which cover the bluffs and high lands seldom reach the valley. It is here, amid a paradise of fruit, where the grandson of a soldier of the war of 1812, and great-grandson of a soldier of the Revolutionary war resides. Mr. Offield is a member of the Methodist church. He filled many positions of honor and trust in Oregon, and was elected Senator from Clackamas county in 1874, and served in the session of 1874 and 1876.

THOMAS P. PAGE now resides on a farm two miles south of Walla Walla city, through which runs Yellow Hawk creek. The place was formerly owned by M. B. Ward, and counted among those most valuable in the country. It contains 487 acres, is all fenced and cultivated, has a two and a half acre orchard, and is peculiarly adapted to the dairy business. For general appearance and adjacent scenery, refer to view of it accompanying this work. In this connection it would not be amiss to mention the fact that Mr. Page has a farm in the Assotin country of 160 acres, and that he makes a specialty at his home farm of the dairy business, where from sixty to seventy-five cows are milked. The subject of this sketch was born in Galway county, Ireland, March 3, 1832, from where he emigrated to America in 1847. He found his way the same year to Independence, Mo., where lived an uncle of his, named Cornelius Davy, who was a Santa Fe trader, The following spring he went with that uncle to El Paso, New Mexico. For four years he remained in New Mexico in the capacity of clerk, most of the time for a firm named Ogden & Hopin, who were sutlers for the 3d U. S. Infantry, at Doiia Ana. In 1852, in company with several young companions, he started for California, and going by way of Mazatlan, in Mexico, sailed from that port for the scene of his gilded hopes. For forty days the crazy little craft beat up along the coast, until starved out he landed with his companions on the Peninsula of Lower California, at a Mexican town, from where they took horses and rode to San Diego, and thence by steamer to San Francisco. He reached the mines at Sonora, in Tuolumne county, without a cent of money and failed for a time to get employment, although offering to work for his board. He remained in that section of country until 1854, meeting with varied success, when he determined to leave the mines. We next find him stationed at Fort Tejon, California, where he was employed by a firm to conduct their sutler business until 1858, when he started merchandising at that place for himself. He did not continue his own business venture long, before concluding that his prospects would be improved by changing to what he imagined a more favorable locality in Oregon. Before leaving that country, however, he was married, January 11, 1857, to Miss Ellen, a daughter of that famous mountaineer, and frontiersman, Captain Joseph Gale, after whom "Gale's Peak" and "Gale's creek," in Washington county, Oregon, are named. This old pioneer, after a long life actively spent among the early trials and vicissitudes incident to the development of Oregon from a wilderness to civilization, finally yielded to the march of time, and answering to the call of the dark angel, passed into the shadowy unknown. His death, which leaves but a corporal's guard of that old pioneer phalanx behind, occurred in December, 1881, at his home in Eagle valley, Union county, Oregon. Mr. Page with his young bride reached Fort Vancouver in 1858, having come overland from Fort Tejon, and then passed up the

Columbia river to the Dalles. In November he reached Mill creek, in this county, and December 3 moved into his newly erected cabin on what now is known as the Patrick Lyon place. This was the second house built on that creek east of Walla Walla, and Mr. Page had brought with him a carriage, the first seen in this part of the country. Mr. Page remained on this farm until 1872, when he rented it, and went east of the Blue mountains with stock into the Assotin creek country, but returned to Walla Walla city in 1874, to take charge of the post office for Mrs. S. D. Smith. In January, 1877, he assumed the duties of County Auditor, to which he had been elected the previous November 6, and, in 1878, he purchased the place where he now resides. The limited space devoted to personal histories in this work, permits but a mere glance atthe outline of the many incidents that have made up the sum of Mr. Page's life, which has been marked and eventful. He was the first County Assessor of Walla Walla county ; was elected County Commissioner in 1863, and served three years; and was twice chosen a member of the Territorial Legislature, first in 1866, and again in 1869. He was head farmer, in 1 860 and 1 86 1, at the establishment of the Lapwai Agency, and was Captain of a volunteer company that went from Walla Walla to assist General Howard in the Nez Perce outbreak, under Chief Joseph. From all of this, it will readily be- observed that any attempt to particularize would swell this biography into a volume. In conclusion, we would suggest that the men who develop and shape the prospects and property of a country are such men as the subject of this sketch ; men who by activity, force of character, and honorable purposes, guided by a superior intelligence, mould for success that which they control, and shape for improvement that whichfalls within range of their influence. The birth and ages of Mr. and Mrs. Page's children are as follows: Sabina, September 24, 1858; May, May 23, i860; Minnie, May 1, 1862; died December 23, 1872; Thomas D., March 23, 1864; Elizabeth, December 11, 1869; Belle, October 19, 1870; Nellie, December 24, 1874.

WILLIAM C. PAINTER was born in St. Genevieve Co., Missouri, April 18, 1830. His parents, Philip and Jean, lived on a farm, and the early years of William's life were passed in that home. In 1850 his father started for Oregon with his family of wife and seven children, and died of cholera on the Little Blue river. Two of his sons had been burried as they camped by that stream two days before, and only the mother, with her two daughters, Margaret A., and Sarah J., and three sons, William C, Joseph C, and Robert M., were left to continue their sorrowful journey to the Pacific coast. Upon thefamily's arrival in the Willamette, they took up several donation land claims in Washington Co., and the one taken by William was retained by him, until his removal to Washington Territory, in 1863. When the Indian war of 1855 broke out he was one of those who enlisted for that campaign, as a member of Company D, 1st Reg., Oregon Mounted Vols., continuing to follow the fortunes of his company until it was mustered out of service late in 1856. It was the opportune arrival of this command upon the scene of action that caused the Indians, at the battle of Walla Walla, in December, 1855, to give up the struggle, and retreat into the Palouse country. He participated with credit to himself in all the battles and skirmishes of that war east of the Cascades, prior to the disbandment of his company.

The flag - of which this is a fac-simile, was made by young ladies attending the Forest Grove Academy (now Pacific University) in 1855, and was presented by Mrs. Tabitha Brown, one of the founders of that institution, to Company D, 1st Regt, Or. Mounted Vols., as that command was leaving Willamette to participate in a campaign against the hostile Indians. Mr. Painter was chosen by his comrades as its bearer, and still retains the colors, after having borne them through the Indian war of 1855-6 and that of 1878.

In 1878, when the hostile Bannock and Pah Ute Indians were being pursued into Washington Territory by Gen. O. O. Howard, a company of men enlisted in Walla Walla under W. C. Painter for active serv.ee, and their bnef campaign on the Columbia river received the following mention by Capt. John A Kress, which wasmade a part of General Howard's official report of that war : " Small bands of Indians with large number of horses passed to north side Columbia simultaneously, at daylight this morning, at point near North Willow Creek, at Cayote Station, at head of Long Island, and just above Umatilla. I caught one band in the act at Long Island, as reported this morning. Have attacked and dispersed these bands at different points during the day. Had possession of over two hundred horses at one time, but was not able to keep them. Captured and destroyed packs, canoes, and other property ; captured thirty horses and packs of one band. Had two very lively skirmishes, landing after firing from steamer, and charging Indians successfully up steep hills; no casualties known except wounding one Indian and killing five horses in attack on one of the bands. Captain Charles

Painter and the forty-two volunteers from Walla Walla deserve praise for good conduct and bravery, not excepting my Vancouver regulars and Captain Gray with officers and crew of Steamer Spokane, who stood firmly at their posts under fire." A week after the close of service on the river he was made Aid de Camp on the staff of Gov. E. P. Ferry, with rank of Lieut. Colonel, and immediately took charge of fifty two men, who crossed over to assist the people of Eastern Oregon in defending that region against the onslaught of the hostile savages, recently defeated by General Howard. He passed south of the retreating bands to Camas prairie with his little force, to intercept their retreat, but the hostiles, learning of his position, avoided a collision by a circuitous route, and the Colonel returned to Walla Walla with captured horses as his only visible trophy of that campaign. These horses were sold at auction, and money enough was received by this means to pay the entire expense of his command. Although no battle was fought in this last expedition, it was considered so hazardous that ten dollars per day was offered for guides without its inducing any one to undertake the duty. But let us return to the more ordinary pursuits of his life, and pick up again the thread in Oregon. In 1861 and 1862, he left the farm in the Willamette valley and became a miner in the mountains east of Snake river, and in 1863, came to Wallula, and clerked for Flanders and Felton for four years. When the senior member of the firm was elected to Congress in 1 867, Mr. Painter took charge of their business, and became Post -master and agent for Wells Fargo & Co. at that place. While there he was appointed Deputy Collector of Internal Revenue for Eastern Washington Territoiy. On receiving this last appointment he removed to Walla Walla City, and has lived in this place since. He resigned as Deputy in November, 1870, but the resignation was not accepted until the following May. He then made an unfortunate investment in some mill property that proved his financial Waterloo, and was forced to commence at the foot of the ladder for a business climb. He then went to work for wages and continued this until 1876, when the wheel of fortune turned in his favor again, and he received the appointment of a Receiver in the U. S. Land Office. This position was held by him until in September, 1878, and he was then elected Auditor of Walla Walla Co., in November of that year, and reelected in November 1880.

In 1864, January 7, he was married to Carrie Mitchell, the daughter of Israel and Mary Mitchell, of Washington Co., Oregon, and their children's names and ages are as follows : - Philip M., April 15, 1866; died November I, 1869 ; Joseph E., March 13, 1868 ; Charles F. S., December 15, 1869 ; Mary Maud, October 23, 1871 ; Harry M., July 23, 1873 ! B. Jean, June 4, 1875; Daisy M., June 15, 1877 ; Roy R'., April 29, 1879 ; Rex, August 30, 1880; Carry M., February 8, 1882. Of Mr. Painter it may be said truthfully, that in his active life no private or public transaction of his has left a shadow or taint of dishonorable motive or dishonest act, and those who know him best esteem him most.

JOSEPH M. POMEROY was born in Ashtabula county, Ohio, March 20, 1830. In 1850 he moved to Kendall county, Illinois, and two years later crossed the plains to Oregon. The same year he went to Sailor Diggings, near the line between California and Oregon, and mined for a time, going to Salem that winter on foot and enduring great privations. In the spring of 1853 he took up a ranch, and engaged for some time in working this, cutting steamboat wood, working in a hotel and teaming. For nearly nine years he had a wagon shop in Salem, a trade he had learned in the East. In the spring of 1863 he came to this region, taking charge of the ranch and stage station where Dayton now stands, for Henry H. Rickey. In the fall he returned to Salem for his family, but was detained by sickness till the followingspring. He sold his ranch and shop and brought cattle with him to this section, enduring much hardship on the way. On the eighth of December, 1864, he purchased of Walter Sunderland the ranch on which the town of Pomeroy now stands. He engaged in ranching and raising fine stock until fall of 1877, when he laid out the town of Pomeroy, as has been noted in the history of that place. In 1878 he built the Pomeroy hotel, now the St. George, and has by the use of money and the donation of many lots for business purposes, done all in his power to aid the growth of the town, with but slight pecuniary advantage to himself. In 1857 he married Martha J. Trimble, in Marion county, Oregon, who bore him three children : Clara L., now wife of E. T. Wilson, Edward M., and Alva E.

E. L. POWELL, the proprietor of the Pioneer Supply Depot of Waitsburg, and the leading merchant of that thriv ing town, was born in Portsmouth, Ohio, August 12, 1851. He came across the plains to Oregon in 1862. He was educated at Jefferson Institute, chiefly by his own exertions, and afterwards taught school for "a season in Benton county, in that State. He then joined a surveying party on the O. C. R. R. and the O. & C. R. R., during the season of 1870. In the spring of 1871 he came to this section, and taught school near Walla Walla, coming to Waitsburg the same fall. After clerking three years he formed a copartnership with W. P. Bruce, under the firm name of Bruce & Powell. July 15, 1875, Bruce retired, and Preston Bros, entered, the firm being Preston, Powell & Co. They were proprietors of the Washington Mills, and of an extensive merchandise business. The firm dissolved by mutual consent, July 15, 1881, Preston Bros, taking the mill and Mr. Powell the store. He has just completed a fine brick store building 40x100 feet, with a seven foot basement, costing $9,000. In this he has now displayed one of the finest stock of goods in this region. Mr. Powell is pre-eminently a self-made man. He is still young, and yet by his unaided exertions has established himself in a splendid business, amounting annually to $125,000. He was married September 5, 1874, to Dora E. Bruce, daughter of W. P. Bruce, of Waitsburg, and has two sons and one daughter. A view of his new store is given elsewhere.

WILLIAM G. and PLATT A. PRESTON: - The firm of Preston Brothers, proprietors of the Washington Mills, of Waitsburg, has long been favorably known along the Columbia river. They were born in Saratoga county, N. Y., the former November 23, 1832, and the latter November I, 1837. Calvin Preston, their father, is a physician, and is still living there at the ripe age of eighty-five years. In 1853 and 1854, William made two voyages to Liverpool as a sailor, and in the fall of 1854 went to Western Iowa, where he was engaged in running a steam ferryboat between Belleview and St. Mary's, on the Missouri river, twelve miles below the site of Omaha. Piatt went there in 1855, and assisted his brother, the boat being changed to ply between Council Bluffs and Omaha. They had an interest in the Council Bluffs & Nebraska Ferry Company, proprietors of the new town of Omaha. In 1857 Piatt took charge of the ferry and William took a boat plying up and down the river, until the fall of 1858, when he was carried off to Colorado in the rush to Pike's Peak. He was one of the original proprietors of the town of Auraria, now a portion of Denver City. Piatt followed him in the spring of i860, and the two brothers remained in the Colorado mines until 1862, when they went to Elk City, Idaho. William went on to Lewiston, and engaged for several years in the business of teaming and draying. Piatt went through the mines of Idaho and Montana, and in 1864 and 1865 was engaged in merchandising in Warren's Diggings, Idaho. In the fall of 1865 they came to Waitsburg and purchased a half interest in the Washington Mills from their founder, S. M. Wait, and in 1870 became the sole proprietors. In 1871 they formed a copartnership with Paine Bros. & Moore, of Walla Walla, in the milling and merchandising business, which continued several years. From 1875 to 1881 they were in a like manner associated with E. L. Powell. At present they are devoting their attention to the mill. This has three run of stone, with a capacity of 130 bbls, per day. The main building is 30x50, with wings on three sides. Their store room has a capacity for 50,000 bu. of wheat and 5,000 bbls. of flour. They are cultivating 1,800 acres of wheat near Waitsburg. William was a member "of the Legislature during the last session. They are members of various fraternities, and Piatt was Master of the Grand Lodge of Washington in 1877.

MARCELLUS PUMPELLY : - D. G. Pumpelly, father of the subject of this sketch, was a native of Maine, and the mother, Julia A. Sears, of Ohio. Marcellus was born in Milford, Clermount county, Ohio, November 6, 1842. The family moved to Missouri in i860, and two years later Marcellus left that distracted State on account of the rebellion, and crossed the plains to Oregon. For five years he teamed between the Dalles and Bannock .City, Idaho, when he went to Polk county, Oregon, and farmed until 1872. He then went to Walla Walla, and in February, 1873, took up his present ranch, twelve miles northeast of Dayton. He has 400 acres, equally divided between grain and pasture land. A view of his residence is given elsewhere. February 22, 1877, he married Rosetta Rockhill, a native of Indiana. They have two children - Dan, born March 28, 1880, and Ben, April 4, 1882. Their first boy, Mark, born August 23, 1878, has passed away. Mr. Pumpelly belongs to Patit Lodge, No. 10, I. O. O. F., of which he was a charter member.

THOMAS QUINN, of Walla Walla City, is a man whom nature fitted, in her happy mood, with a combination of qualities that could hardly fail to guide its possessor to success, qualities that especially fit him to deal with men. With manners suave, a disposition to accommodate, and generous promptings towards his fellows, he greets the stranger, the customer, or the friend in that peculiar way which carries with it an impression of a kind wish implied, which seldom fails to leave a desire with the recipient to do him a favor if he can. It is a happy faculty, this, and it gives the possessor what he deserves, a friendship and respect among men that is limited only by the extent of his acquaintance. This is not flattery, it is only and expression by the writer of his knowledge of that man, who, here in the city where he resides, has made his way by industry and application to business, in eighteen years, from poverty to wealth. Mr. Quinn, whose ancestors were from the Emerald Isle, was born in Canada West, March 7, 1838. At sixteen he was apprenticed to the saddlery and harness trade that he completed in Ottawa, Canada, four years later, when he started merchandising in that city for himself. In 1864 he crossed the continent, and after stopping for a few months in San Francisco reached Walla Walla City that year. Upon his arrival here he entered the employ of J. D. Cook for whom he worked at his trade for two years, when he became a partner in the business. Four years later he became, and has since remained, sole proprieter of the establishment, that under his management has grown to vast proportions for a retail business. His average stock of harness, saddles, etc. will reach $15, 000, and he now employs some ten workmen in manufacturing such goods as he does not purchase ready made. His business block - a sketch of which accompanies this work - would be a credit to any city. His home, to be seen on the same page, is soon to be replaced by a more elegant one that his prosperity warrants him now in building.

In 1868, May 7, he was married in Walla Walla to Miss Clara T. Paris, a native of France, and the dates of birth and names of their children are as follows: J. E., March 29, 1869; died September 19, 1871 ; Theresa, January 11, 1871 ; T. E., January 21, 1873; Katherine, November 25, 1875, died October 6, 1876; J. E., May 31, 1878; William, August 16, 1881. It is a fortunate locality that reckons among its citizens such men as the subject of this sketch, D. S. Baker, Wm. Kirkman, R. R. Rees, Miles C. Moore, Dr. N. G. Blalock, and a few others living in the city, for the country where they live can never stagnate.

LEWIS RANDALL, a native of Baltimore County, Maryland, was born September 19, 1825. At an age when events leave no impression upon the mind his parents died, and left him to the]care of his grandparents, with whom he remained until eighteen years of age. When he was about fifteen he removed with them to Licking Co., Ohio. In 1848, January 26, he was married to Miss Mary Lloyd; in 1856, they removed to Des Moines County Iowa ; and in 1862, with his family, consisting of wife and six children, he crossed the plains with an ox team to Walla Walla valley, where he arrived September 14. With hope, energy, and a companion capable as well as willing to help, he started life in the west without a cent of money in the world, having spent his last two shillings in the Grand Ronde valley to buy a pound of onions for his children to eat raw. The struggle for a start, with sickness to discourage, and poverty to contend with, is but one of the many instances of a like nature that mark the history of pioneer life; but as the years passed by, little by little the constant striving brought to this worthy couple the reward of success. Such a success as belongs to a reasonable at»mpetence, gained honestly, honorably, and and in a manner that leaves in the community where they are known a character that challenges the respect of their neighbors. Their home, nestled among the hills skirting the Blue Mountain base, is a picturesque little nook that reminds one of a summer scene in Switzerland, or a shadowy retreat in some dell at the base of the grand old Alps. A view of [it can be seen in this work. The fann contains 320 acres, all inclosed, 125 of which are under cultivation ; and with an orchard containing apples, peaches, pears, etc., more than sufficient for home use.

In their family, Mr. and Mrs. Randall have been especially fortunate, as the grave has claimed none of their eight children. The eldest of then is Mrs. Elizabeth J. Bouren, now a widow lady living in the City of Walla Walla. Miss Hannah R. is the wife of Dr. J. M. Boyd of Walla Walla. George W. is now living in the valley ; John B. left home in 1879, and travelling East, has not been heard from since ; William R. is living in the valley ; Miss Mary E. is the wife of Albert Turner and lives in Walla Walla. The two youngest,. Edwin L., born November 17, 1865 ; and Susie M., born March 16, 1874, live with their parents. Bessie E. is the little one year old in July 5, 1881, an adopted waif that floated to a home nest with these kind hearted people. v

RAYMOND R. REES is one of the old and successful merchants of Walla Walla, senior member of the firm of Rees, Winans & Co. He was born in Butler Co., Ohio, in 1833, and emigrated to Oregon in 1854. In 1861 he went to Walla Walla and became one of the founders of the Washington Statesman, having been a printer for a number of years. In 1865 he abandoned journalism and entered the mercantile business, being now one of the leading merchants of the city. He served two terms as County Treasurer, and in 1880 was chosen to the lower house of the Legislature. In 1855 he was one of those who, seeking gold, found themselves in the Colville mines when the Indian war broke out, cutting them off from the settlements ; and with a few comrades he remained during the winter in that section of country. We have learned little of Mr. Rees except in an indirect way through the general public, as he was in San Francisco at the time we were investigating for biographical notes. Through sources such as were at our command, we learned that he was a member of the Board of Trade, a front rank man in all matters of a public nature either political or financial, a free thinker with a philosophical turn of mind, a liberal Democrat, a genial companion, and a gentleman of generous and honorable instincts.

LEONARD RATTLEMILLER is a native of Bavaria. His father lived at the city of Ausbach, in that country, where he was a merchant and near which he owned a farm. Leonard was born there February 10, 1819, and at the age of 25 left his native land and sailed for America. For about two years he remained at Baltimore, Maryland, after which he took an extended tour through the Northern and Southern States, arriving in New Orleans in the fall of 1846. In 1852 he reached the Pacific coast, and for the next ten years sought the "golden fleece" in the gulches and ' canons of the Sierras. Few mining camps were left unvisited by this traveler between the Stanislaus river in San Joaquin county, and the south line of Oregon. In 1862 he reached Washington Territory, and the same year the mines in Idaho, where he remained eight years. He then came to Walla Walla, and settled down upon the farm where he now lives to enjoy a reasonable competence.

He has left him from those years of wandering, besides the gold wrested from where nature had deposited it, a memory of strange adventures and singular escapes from imminent peril, where death had looked him Jin the face and then passed on. He had married in 1849, anc' 'ost h">s w'^e r>y death in 1852, leaving him with one chiid named John, In December, 1858, he was again married, this time to Miss Barbara Klein, the lady that is now his wife. His farm consists of 160 acres of land, all fenced, all under cultivation ; situated three and a half miles southwest of Walla Walla city. The improvements can be seen by reference to view of his home in this work.

ALEXANDER REED : - Henry and Temperance (Pratt) Reed were both natives of Connecticut, and their son Alexander was born in Litchfield county, in that^ State, November 4, 1827. When he was five years of age, the family moved to Lucas county, Ohio, where he was reared and educated. When Alexander arrived at the age of twenty, he was appointed Collector of the Miami & Erie Canal, at Maumee City, a position he held for three yeurs. In 1851 he married Louise D. Kingsbury, a native of Ohio, He then moved to Toledo, and engaged in the produce commission business for ten years, having a large steam elevator. He was elected by the Republicans to the office of Auditor of Lucas county, and at the end of his term received the nomination of both parties and was again elected. President Lincoln appointed him Revenue Agent for Ohio, Indiana and Michigan, and while serving in that capacity was appointed Postmaster of Toledo by President Johnson He held that office four years. He published the Toledo Commercial two years as managing editor and then combined it witn the Blade for a year, as manager of the Toledo Newspaper Company. The Blade was sold to John R. Locke (Petroleum V. Nasby), from whom it was purchased, when Mr. Reed came west. Mr. Reed was nominated Postmaster of Toledo by President Hayes, but was not confirmed by the Democratic Senate. He was then appointed Receiver of the Land Office at Walla Walla, and was unanimously confirmed July 12, 1878. He came to Walla Walla in August, and was followed the next year by his family, who have established themselves permanently in the future State of Washington. The family consists of five children ; William H. was born January 8, 1852. He spent a number of years as Cashier of the Toledo Savings Bank and Trust Company. He came to Walla Walla in 1878, and is engaged in the real estate and brokerage business. He has traveled and written considerably for papers and magazines. Fred was born January 21, 1855. He has been for a long time connected with the Toledo papers, including editorial positions on the Blade and Commercial 'for five years. He lived in Belgium nearly a year as agent of the International Bell Telephone Company. For a year was editor and owner of the Railroader, of Toledo, now the leading paper for railroad employees. Last April he came to Walla Walla. Edward M. was born June 25, 1857. He was a local on the Toledo papers for some time, and came to Walla Walla in July, 1879. After doing local work on the Statesman he started the Daily Journal, in connection with M. C. Harris, in June, 1881, doing the editorial work. This was sold to the proprietors of the Union the following October. He is now editor of the Daily Events, one of the best papers in the city.

Mary, the oldest daughter, was born September 10, 1862. She now resides at Fort Klamath, and is the wife of Lieut. Frank A. Edwards, of the 1st Cavalry. Bessie L. was born March 12, 1869. During the war Mrs. Reed was very active in the sanitary work, and was Secretary of the Soldiers' Aid Society of Toledo. Mr. Reed has two brothers prominent in eastern newspaper circles, Samuel R. is proprietor of the Cincinnati Gazette, and Henry of the Washington Chronicle, formerly of the Cincinnati Commercial. Mr. Reed's integrity and fine business abilities have made him successful in every enterprise he has undertaken, and rendered him peculiarly efficient in official position requiring men of his character. His politics have always been thoroughly Republican, and he has never swerved in his allegiance to that party.

GEORGE K. REED was born in Glasgow, Jefferson Co., Iowa, August 13, 1843. His parents were farmers, and until eighteen years of age his home was on a farm. In 1852 the father of George K., named James M., with his family crossed the plains to Oregon, where he settled upon a farm in Linn Co. In 1861 when the gold excitement in the Bitter-root mountains was calling to the thousands of all countries, young Reed, seized with an impulse to seek the sheeny place, left home and started for the mining region. He passed through Walla Walla, enroute for OroFino, where he remained until fall and then returned to the city of two W's. From that time forward his life was that of an enthusiastic young man who was willing and anxious to measure strength with the world. At ninteen he opened a trading post at Camas Prairie, between Lewiston and Florence, on Cottonwood creek, known as the Cottonwood House. In 1866 he was a merchant at Clear Water Station in Idaho, and between those times, he was in every mining camp of the Oregon mountains, where he saw life in every form incident to the wild career of the mountain miner. It was his fortune, or misfortune, to look upon those scenes that, to hear outlined in cold, lifeless words that cannot feel, still thrill the listener. The nimble revolver, the glittering knife, and the vigilance's mysterious work, were things that spoke death to many whom he had known. Scenes, where a life was quenched without warning were familiar, and so common as to excite but an ordinary sensation, and volumes would fail to record those sombre-hued dramas. With the passing years a desire to see less of such things has had its effect, and we find him changing from the excitement of a mining camp to a quiet residence and lucrative business in the city of Walla Walla, where he has been since 1877. He was married to Miss L. O. Crandall of Eugene City, Oregon, on the sixth of March, 1870, and they have two children. His present occupation is that of a jobing business in liquors and he owns a saloon in Day's Block, as seen in view of same accompanying this work.

A. H. REYNOLDS was born in Madrid, St. Lawrence Co., New York, October 21, 1808. His father, Nicholas Reynolds, a native of Vermont, was a mill-wright, and A. H. learned the same trade from his father. After a temporary residence at several localities, the elder Reynolds moved to Aurora, Erie, Co., New York, where the subject of this sketch grew to manhood. In 1838, he went to Illinois, and from there to Iowa, where he lived most of the time in Davenport, until 1850, when he went to California. In 1851 he crossed the mountains to Oregon, where he followed mill building as a business until he came to Walla Walla in May 1859, where he now lives. His operations in the line of his trade in Washington Territory have been noted elsewhere ; but, in addition to the two mills built by him in the vicinity of his home, he also erected, and for several years owned, the woolen mills at Dayton in Columbia Co., of this Territory. In connection with Dr. J. H. Day he established the first bank in Walla Walla, known as Reynolds and Day's. At present he is one of the prominent stockholders of the First National Bank of this city, which has branches in Pendleton, Oregon, and Dayton, Washington Territory ; but he has retired from the arena of trade, and proposes to pass the remainder of his days free from the complicated cares of active business. Standing to his credit among the industries and business pursuits of this locality, is the successful pioneer establishment of milling, manufacturing of woolen goods, and banking ; a list that places him among the front rank of those whose efforts, business tact, and capital have developed the country.

He was married to Mrs. Lettice J. Clark, widow of Ransom Clark, who first crossed the plains to Oregon with Fremont, in 1843. At the timeofher marriage to Mr. Reynolds (May 23, i86i,)she was a resident of Walla Walla. The dates of birth, and names of Mrs. Reynolds' children are as follows: - Charles Clark, August 29, 1846; William Clark, April 9, 1857 ; Lizzie Clark, August 19, 1859; Harry A. Reynolds, October 14, 1863; Allen H. Reynolds, January 24, 1869.

JAMES W. and WALTER W. RIGSBY are residents of Garfield county, W. T. James Rigsby, their father, was born in North Carolina about the year 1797. He was eighteen years of age when he fought under Jackson at the battle of New Orleans. He soon after moved to Kentucky and married Sarah Thompson, born in that State in 1 80 1. They had a family of thirteen - Susan, Mary, John W., Festus W., Louise, Martha, James W., born February 4, 1831, Walter W., born July 31, 1832, David T., Talbert S., Sarah, Nancy, and Frances. Of these, five girls and three boys are still living. The family moved to Missouri in 1822, James being born in Randolph county, and Walter in Marion county, of that State. In 1839 the family went to Iowa, where the boys grew to manhood. In 1852 James crossed the plains to California, and the same year John and Walter went with another train to Oregon. James went into the mines near Hangtown (Placerville), and afterwards journeyed to the mines in the northern end of the State, reaching Yreka in the fall of 1854. In the spring of 1856 he began merchandising with his brother Walter, on Beaver creek. Four months later they went to Jackson county, Oregon, and mined and ranched for several years. In 1858 James was carried away by the Frazer river excitement, and went to the Carriboo mines, having a severe fight with the Okinagan Indians on the road thither. He remained in British Columbia until the spring of 1864, when he went to Idaho and spent the summer in the mines at Elk City. After wintering at Walla Walla, he went to the Blackfoot country with cattle in the spring of 1865. In the fall of that year he came to Pataha creek and took up a ranch j ust above the one then and still occupied by his brother Walter. Two years later he sold this and took up another on Pataha E flats, now occupied by Robert Montgomery. In about two years he also sold that place and went to Whitman county, where he settled on some land and lived there about five years. He then sold that ranch and settled where he now lives, four miles from Pataha City. He is dealing quite extensively in cattle and horses, and has 160 acres of fine land, his place being illustrated in this volume. March 4, 1878, he married Mrs. Nancy White (nee Crumpacker.) They have a son named James W. Since his birth they have suffered the loss of a little girl named Martha L. Mrs. Rigsby was the widow of Charles White, by whom she had four children, Lillie, Olive, William and Casander.

When John and Walter came to Oregon in 1852 they stopped in Yamhill county. The next June they went to Lane county, and in June, 1854, to Yreka, Cal., where John died. Walter had a hay ranch there until the spring of 1856, when he began merchandising on Beaver creek, with his brother James. They went to Jackson county, Oregon, the same year, where Walter mined and ranched until 1862. In the rpring of that year he went to Florence, Idaho, and mined three summers. He then made a trip to Oregon, and in the spring of 1865 purchased his present ranch on the Pataha, just above Pataha City. The ranch was taken up by James Hathaway in 1861, and came into the possession of John Wilkins in 1S63, who sold it to Mr. Rigsby. This has been his home ever since. We give a view of it on another page. He has 200 acres along the creek, some of it meadow, and is raising grain, hay and stock. He also has 160 acres two miles north of Pataha City. December 14, 187 1, he married Miss Annie Crumpacker, a native of Missouri. Their daughter, Sarah Ann, was born February 14, 1873, and the young mother died January 14, 1874. Mr. Rigsby's residence is pleasantly situated amid a grove 'of trees, just on the edge of Pataha City.

CHARLES RUSSELL was one of the first settlers in the Walla Walla valley. The missionaries were here before him, so were the Hudson's Bay Company's servants, Canadians, and prior to the war of 1855-6, the Americans had attempted a settlement here and had been driven away by the Indians. When the soldiers came to chastise those Indians, Mr. Russell came with them as Wagon Master, and has been here continuously since. He is a native of Boston, Mass., where he was born September 18, 1828. His father was a doctor; but the boy saw no luring light in the future of a professional life, and longed for the free open sea and to look upon the scenes of other lands and countries, where his youthful imagination pictured castles of hope and a life of excitement and adventure. At ten years of age he left home and went to sea, and in 1846 enlisted in the Marine Service and sailed on the sloop of war Dale for the Pacific Coast. He participated in the war that gave California to the United States, and finally was discharged from service in New York in 1850. He then came again to California, by the Isthmus route, where he soon entered into the U. S. Quartermaster department, and was connected therewith most of the time up to 1855, with General Allen. In 1855 Lieutenant Robert Williamson in command, accompanied by Lieutenants George Crook, Horatio Gibson, Phil. Sheridan, and Abbott, visited Oregon for the purpose of finding a railroad route through the Cascade range of mountains, and Mr. Russell accompanied them in charge of the pack train. In November of that year the party disorganized at the Dalles, and Mr. Russell took charge of transportation in the Yakima expedition under Major Raines, after the Indians ; and later came in charge of transportation to Walla Walla, under Colonel Steptoe, where he arrived in August, 1856. From that time until 1859 he was in charge of transportation for the Government, under the Quartermaster, in this section of country, having from 50 to 120 citizens in his employ most of the time. Under his supervision all the war parties were fitted out, including the ill-fated Steptoe reconnoissahce, and the famed raid of Colonel Wright. Farming was introduced into the country by him, while acting for the Government ; as is more particularly noted under the head of "Agriculture." In making this statement we do not forget that Dr. Whitman had tilled the bottom land around his mission years before, and that the Canadians had raised little patches of grain and herbs. He has been an active man, and his operations have become a part of Walla Walla's history, and will be found woven into various places in this book. To avoid repetition they are not recorded in this connection.

The farm where he now lives consists of 720 acres, lying along the creek bearing his name, and there is no finer locality between the two great ranges of mountains. It is all fenced and mostly cultivated, and has sufficient orchard for all except market purposes. It is situated three miles in an air line east of Walla Walla city. The soil is black bottom land and very productive. In 1881 Mr. Russell raised 9, 500 bushels of oats, 5,000 bushels of wheat, 1,000 bushels of barley, and 500 tons of hay upon his farm. In i860, November 21, he was married to Miss Annie Sheets, daughter of John Sheets, of Walla Walla, and their children's names and ages are as follows : Charles, born September 12, 1861 ; Mary, born January 2, 1863, died March 12, 1863 ; William, born May 20, 1864 ; Harry, June 8, 1866 ; Davinia, August 26, 1868 ; Nellie, December 31, 1872.

ERNST andTEMIL SCHOLL are proprietors of the Columbia Brewery, at Pomeroy, Garfield county, W. T., under the name of Scholl Brothers. The brewery was built by them in 1878, and was one of the first institutions of the new town. The amount brewed increases each year, being for this season about 6,000 gallons. A view of this place is given on another page. Ernst was born in Hamburg, Germany, August 4, 1827. At the age of fifteen he left his native city and became a sailor, visiting in the next eight years the Mediterranean and European ports, and those of the West Indies and the Atlantic and Pacific ports of South America. He arrived in San Francisco from a voyage around the Horn in September, 1850. He went into the mines at Auburn ravine, and in 1851 to Nevada county. He mined in California until 1865, when he v/ent to Canyon City, Oregon, and mined and worked in a brewery until 1870. He then went to Walla Walla and worked in Stahl's brewery till 1878, when he came to Pomeroy with his brother and built the Columbia Brewery.

Emil was also born in Hamburg, March 6, 1838, and went to sea in 1852. As a mariner he visited the ports of America, West Indies, China, Australia, the Pacific coast, and others. In i860 he sailed from Hamburg in the Forest Queen, of Boston, landing in San Francisco. He went into the mines of El Dorado county, then to Nevada and worked in the mines and mills at Gold Hill. In 1864 he went to Canyon City, Oregon, and mined till 1870. He went then to Montana and staid during the summer, coming to Walla Walla in the fall. After working two years in Stahl's brewery, he again went to Gold Hill, Nevada, and brewed six years for Mr. Shweis. In 1878 he came again to Washington Territory, and with his brother built the Columbia Brewery, at Pomeroy.