Newton City (part 8 of 8)

Dr. Warren has traveled abroad quite extensively for health and pleasure ; and officially as delegate from the American Medical Association. He has read papers fjefore the British Medical Association at Cambridge, and the Academy of Medicine at Paris. He published in London "A Practical Treatise on Hernia." This work was republished in America in 1882. He operated in Guyl Hospital, London, and elsewhere, to demonstrate his method.

He published "A Plea for the Cure of Rupture," and has written many monographs and medical papers, as well as articles relating to general literature. He was aaaong the first, if not the first, to aspirate the pericardium (April, 1855), and to perform the operation of paracentesis thoracis.

lished " Technics" and established the Southern Sun, a newspaper of independent character. "Technics" and " Modern Life " are now published in Boston under "Notes Current."

Dr. Warren is a member of the British Medical Association ; permanent member of the American Medical Association, and vice-president of the latter for 18S9-90; Fellow of the Massachusetts Medical Society; honorary member Vermont State Medical Society ; Otsego Medical Society of New York ; past resident member of Putnam County Medical Society, and State Medical Society, Florida ; and is a member of numerous other literary, historical, scientific and social societies. He is trustee of the Boston Penny Savings Bank, &c., &c.

Dr. Warren was, with others, one of the founders and incorporators of the Massachusetts Home for Intemperate Women, and has been on the Board of Managers since its incorporation, March 30, 1881. He was chairman of the building committee and also attending physician.

Dr. Warren was married, September 24, 1854, to Caroline Eliz.abeth Everett, of Newton. Two children were born to them - a daughter, deceased, and a son, Charles Everett Warren, M.D., who is associated with him as attending physician at the Massachusetts Home for Intemperate Women.

During his residence in Washington he had special opportunities of seeing President Lincoln. He was, for that period, the medical attendant of that remarkable man. Perhaps the most important of his confidential interviews, for its influence on the President, and, through him, on the country at large, was one in which he introduced the eminent author, Nathaniel Hawthorne, to Mr. Lincoln. Mr. Hawthorne was a Friend in his aversion to force, and in his visit to Washington with Messrs. Ticknor and Field, his sensitive and peace-loving spirit was overcome by the horrors of war, and he fell into a state of great distress. Dr. Warren, in the hope that an interview with Mr. Lincoln would tend to restore Mr. Hawthorne's confidence in the future of his country, took him to the White House on one of his professional evening calls. It seemed at first an unfortunate moment. Mr. Lincoln was greatly agitated by the discovery of treachery in an une-xpected quarter, and told his vi.-itors that he was overcome by difficulties, not knowing who were friends and who were traitors, his burden in public life, failing strength and domestic sorrows being beyond his strength.

To this Mr. Hawthorfie replied by a few words of sympathy and encouragement, and, finding these of little avail, knelt and offered a prayer which might be called inspired - full of confidence, utterly casting all care on the Infinite Power - invoking strength in this critii', and ending in an ascription of adoration that seemed to life his hearers to the visible presence of the Almighty.

emotion : "Mr. Hawthorne, God sent you here in my darkest hour. 'Now I amsfrotiff. He placed me here and I know that He will sustain me to the end." From that time all undue anxiety seemed to disappear, and Mr. Lincoln, by his decision, firmness and undoubting belief in his position as the servant of the Lord, inspired strength and courage in all who approached him.

Hknry Bradshaw Bradley, M.D., was born in Cheshire, England, October 1.5, 1848, and died in Bollin Grove, Builey, England, August .31, 1881. He was graduated at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, London, England, and was professionally associated with his uncle. Professor Bradshaw, at Manchester, England. Later he practiced a short time in Trageda, Wales, and left there to accept a positioti as ship-surgeon on the Cunard Line of steamships. In 1877 he settled on California Street, Newton, Mass., where he practiced medicine until his health failed, a few months before hia death, when he returned to England and died.

James Henry McDonnell, M.D., was born in Ireland ; studied medicine at St. Mary's College, Virginia, and graduated from Harvard Medical College in 1871. He settled in Waltham, removed to Newton, thtn to Watertown, and died in Waltham in 188G or 1887.

WiLLARD Everett Smith, M.D., son of F. L. Smith, of Newton, was born in Newtonville, November 11, 185C; was educated in Newton Grammar and High Schools, and entered Harvard Univeisity in 1875, and graduated in his class in 1879. He entered Harvard Medical School in 1879, and graduated in 1882.

Altera little preliminary practice he went to Boston and settled there, and immediately attained a reputation as a successful practitioner in diseases of the throat and lungs. He was employed by the Massachusetts Medical Society, of which he was a member, to prepare and report on the climatology of Massachusetts. And for two years he prepared and read papers on this subject in a most acceptable manner.

John P. Maynard, M.D., son of Elias Maynard, of Boston, was born in Boston, Mass., in ISlti. He was educated at the Boston Latin School and Phillips Academy, Andover, Mass. He graduated from the Medical School, Harvard University, in 1848. He settled in Newton Lower Falls in 18i8, where he practiced medicine till 1852. He then removed to Dedham, Mass., where he now resides and continues to practice his profession. He is a prominent man and widely known as a .skilUul physician. He was president of the Norfolk Medical Society in 1876, '77, 78, '79.

Alfred C. Smith, M.D., son of James Smith, was born in Bathurst, New Brunswick. He graduated at Harvard Medical College. For several years after his graduation he had charge, under the Dominion Government, of the Lazaretto, at Tracadie, N. B., for the care of the leprous community.

He afterwards moved to Newton and settled at Nonautum, where he remained in practice for a few years. He afterwards moved to Nev/ Castle, New Brunswick, where he now resides.

Otis Eugene Hunt, M.D., son of Joseph G. and Lucy H. Hunt, was born in Sudbury, Mass., July 7, 1822. His early life was spent on a farm and his elementary education was acquired in the district schools of the town. He fitted for college in the Wayland Academy and in the academy at Wilbraham, Mass., and entered the Wesleyan University at Middletown, Connecticut, in the class of 1844. After nine months he left the university in consequence of ill-health.

Read medicine for a time with Levi Goodnough, M.D., of Sudbury, Mass. Later was a pupil in the Boylscon Medical School in Boston, under the tutorage, chiefly, of Dr. E. C. Buckingham and Dr. Edward H. Clark. During his studies here he was present at the Massachusetts General Hospital when ether was administered for the first time. And he was the first to administer it in the towns of Sudbury, Wayland and Weston.

He attended medics,! lectures at Woodstock, Vt. and at Pittsfield, Mass., and graduated in medicine at the Berkshire Medical College in 1848, and was admitted to the Massachusetts Medical Society the same year. During his course of study he taught school in Sudbury four consecutive winters.

He settled in Weston, Mass., in 1848, and continued to practice medicine there till the autumn of 1864, when he removed to Waltham, Mass., where he continued active in professional work till 1870. He discnnlinued general practice at that time in consequence of failing health, selling his business and good will to Dr. E. R. Cutler.

Three years later, after extensive travel in this country, including a visit to California and the Pacific slope, and becoming improved in health, he moved to Newtonvillcj Mass., where he now resides, and recommenced the practice of his profession. In 1883 he retired from practice to a large extent. He is frequently called in consultation by younger and less experienced men. His son, William O. Hunt, M.D., succeeded to his practice.

secretary of the Middlesex South District Medical Society, once as its anniversary orator. He was a member of the School Committee for ten consecutive years, and three years of this time served as chairman. He also was a member of the School Committee in Waltham for two years.

Daniel Denison Slade, M.D., son of J. Tilton Slade, was born in Boston, Mass., May 10, 1823. Graduated from the Boston Latin School, then entered Harvard College, from which he graduated in 1844. He studied medicine in the Tremont Medical School, and received his medical degree at Harvard in 1848. Passed one year as house surgeon in the Massachusetts General Hospital, and three years in the hospitals of Great Britain and on the Continent. Commenced practice in Boston in 1852, being visiting surgeon of the Boston Dispensary for several years ;. was admitted a luemberof the Massachusetts Medical Society in 1848, and became a member of the Boston Medical Improvement Society and Boston Society of Observation in 1855. In 1856 he married Miss M. Louise Hensier.

During his professional career in Boston he delivered courses of lectures to students on surgical subjects and received four prizes on medical subjects - two from the Massachusetts Medical Society : one on Bronchitis and its consequences, the other on Spermatorrhiea ; and two from the lihode Island Medical Society, being " The Fisk Fund Prizes."

He also has contributed many papers to the various medical journals. In 1863 he was appointed one of the inspectors of hospitals in Baltimore, Annapolis and Philadelphia. He was the author of the report on the subject of amputations, printed by the committee of the associate medical members of Sanitary Commission.

He settled at Chestnut Hill, Newton, in 1863. In 1871 he was appointed Professor of Agriculture and Zoology in the Bussey Institute, Harvard University, which chair he held until a severe sickness, in 1882, compelled him to resign.

In 1884 he was chosen one of the as.sistants in the Museum of ComparativeZoology, Cambridge, and appointed lecturer on comparative osteology, which position he still holds.

He has always been interested in horticulture and agriculture, and has contributed various papers ou these subjects, and received two prizes for escays from the Massachusett-i Horticultural Society ; - ^one on the "Construction of Country Roads," the other on the " Treatment of Small Suburban Places." He also received the prize offered by a gentleman of Newton, on " How to Improve and Beautify Newton." At the

Tappan Eustis Fkancis, M.D., son of Nathaniel Francis, was born in Boston, Mass., August 28, 1823. He was educated at the Boston Latin School and then entered Harvard University, from which he graduated in the year 1844. He at once entered the Harvard Medical School and graduated in 1847. He settled in Roxbury, Mass., and duriug part of the years 1846 to 1847 he was city physician. In 1848 he removed to Newton Lower Falls and practiced medicine therefor about three years. Then he settled in Brookline, Mass., where he now resides and continues the practice of his profession. He served for several years on the School Board and as trustee of the Public Library. For one year he was chairman of the Board of Health. He is a member of the Massachusetts Medical Society and honorary member of the Roxbury Medical Improvement Society.

JULIU.S Blodget, M.D., son of Alden Blodget, was born in Stafford, Coun., September 22, 1825. He received his early education at Monson and Wilbrahamj Mass., alternating his school-days by work on a farm. He studied medicine at and graduated from the University of New York. He practiced medicine in Stafford Springs from 1853 to 1857, and in West Brookfield from 1857 to 1876, and in Newtonville, Mass., since 1876. He has been a member of the Connecticut State Medical Society and United States Medical Society.

In 1854 he was married to Miss Sarah L. Arnold, of Warren, Mass., and after her death was married, in 1861, to Mrs. Eliza F. Dunnells, of West Brooklield, Mass.

John Dddley Lovering, M.D., son of Oilman Lovering, was born in Raymond, N. H., March 8, 1827. He was educated at Dartmouth College. Before he entered college he was a teacher, and during his course of studies there he taught a part of the time. In 1861 he settled in Essex, Mass., and continued to practice medicine there nearly twenty years.

He graduated at the Albany Medical College, N. Y. He is a member of the Massachusetts Medical Society. He married Mi«8 Sarah H. B. Cogswell, of Essex, Mass.

Charles F. Crehore, M.D., son of Lemuel Creliore, was born June 18,1828, in Newton Lower Falls. After studying at the academy in Jfilton, he graduated a,t the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, in Troy, N. Y., in 1848. ' He afterwards entered the Harvard Medical School, and graduated in 1859.

Before studying medicine he was employed, as a civil engineer, in building United States roads in Minnesota during the year ISo-l. In 1867 he retired from medical practice, and since that time has devoted himself to the manufacture of paper.

He went to Europe in May, 1852, and remained traveling abroad till September, 1853. He settled in Boston in 1859, and made that his home until 1866. He now resides in Newton Lower Falls.

Dr. Crehore has an excellentand distinguished war record, extending from the beginning to the end of the conflict. May, 1801, he was appointed surgeon on the armed transport" Cambridge." In December, 1861, he was appointed acting assistant-surgeon to the Twentieth Regiment Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry. He was promoted and appointed surgeon of the Thirty-seventh Regiment Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry, and served with that regiment from Angus'^, 1862, till December, 1864. During this time - from April, 1863, to April, 1864, - he served as medical inspector, Sixth Army Corps, and sura;eon-in-chief First Division, Sixth Army Corps. At the battle of Winchester, Va., in September, 1864, he had charge of the wounded of the Sixth Corps.

Dr. Crehore is a member of many medical and other scientific societies, including the Massachusetts Medical Society, Boston Society for Medical Observation, Natural History Society, etc., etc.

He has written articles for medical and other journals, on professional and other topics. He has been an active member of the Newton Water Board. He was married, September 29, 1857, to Mary W. Loring, daughter of Henry Loring, of Boston.

D. Wayland Joxe.s, M.D., son of Daniel Jones, was born in Ashburnham, Massachusetts, January 14, 1829. His early education was obtained In Westminster and Winchendon, Massachusetts. He graduated from the University of New York in 1852. He practiced in Medfield, Massachusetts, from 1854 to 1866, when he removed to Newtonville, Massachusetts, where he continued in general practice till 1878, and then settled in Boston. Since that time he has made diseases of the rectum a specialty and has given up general practice. In his specialty he has been very successful and is obtaining a wide reputation.

In 1871-72 he went abroad and traveled extensively through a large part of Europe, visiting and studying in the leading hospitals of the principal cities.

He is a member of the Massachusetts Medical Society, which he joined in 1852. In this society he has been cenwrand councilor. He became a member of the American Medical Association in 1874.

Henry Maetyn Field, M.D., son of Deacon John Field, was born in Brighton, Massachusetts, October 3, 1837, in what is known as the "Old Worcester House," which was built about the year 1685.

His mother was Miss Sarah Elliott Worcester, a lineal descendant from Noah Worcestei;,, LL.D., the great lexicographer. She died about two years after Henry was born, leaving an infant brother, John Worcester Field.

In early childhood he was a nervous, puny, delicate child, and even when he reached mature manhood was never strong and robust, although he has accompiished a vast amount of professional work. His early education was obtained in Chauncy Hall Scliool, Boston, and Phillips Academy in Andover, Massachusetts.

He entered Harvard College in 1855, and graduated with honor in 1859, having the part of orator at commencement. During his years of study in college he had a strong predilection for the medical profession.

After his graduation he went to New York, and made his home with the eminent and celebrated Dr. E. R. Peaslee, and commenced the study of medicine. Dr. Peaslee wns at that time Professor of Diseases of Women in Dartmouth Medical College, Hanover, N. H. Dr. Field accompanied him to Dartmouth that autumn, and on his return took a full course of lectures at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, in New York City. During liis course of study he held a position of considerable importance in the Dewitt Dispensary.

He immediately opened an office at No. 77 Lexington Avenue, in New York City, and entered into practice. Soon after he was mustered into the United Slates Army as assistant surgeon, and was sent to Hilton Head. There he contracted malaria and was transferred to the hospital at Beaufort, S. 0. He has never entirely recovered, and at times still suffers severely. Soon after he returned home, and remained several months till somewhat improved, then went to Washington, D. D., and was stationed at Carver General Hospital, on Fifteenth Streeet, for about one year. In October, 1863, he resigned and came to his father's home in West Cambridge (now Arlington), Mass.

October 20, 18(33, he married Mias Lydia Morgie Peck, daughter of Abel G. Peck, Esq., of West Cambridge, and sieter of the wife of Gov. J. Q. A. Brackctt. Soon after his marriage he removed to New York, and entered into practice with his friend. Dr. Peaslee.

In the spring of 1SI57 he left New York, and settled in Newton, Mass. Here he had a large and remunerative practice till his health, which was never strong, became so much impaired he was compelled to abandon it for a time, and seek the climate of Southern California for the winter of 1887-88. On his return, the following summer, he was given an public reeeptios by his numerous friends. The following year and a half he remained at home, and attended to a part of his practice, but again breaking down, he was compelled to return to California for the winter of 1888-t)0. He owns a small ranch at Passedena, where he made his home during his stay. He returned to New England the following summer, still very m'ach brokea in health.

Dr. Field published, in 1SS7, a work on " Cathartics and Emetics," which was well received by the medical profession. Beside thai, be has published numerous addresses and motiographs on various subjects, the most noted of whieh were those on sulphonal, which have attracted much favorable notice in the medical journals.

He was admitted a member of the Massachusetts Medical Society in 1867. For several years he was one of the censors in that society. He is a member of the Gynoecological Society of Boston, - was one of the original founders - for sis years was secretary, and afterwards was president for one year. On account of ill health he was O'bMged to decline a second term. He is one of the Medical Board conuectei with the Newton Cottage Hospital, and also holds the office of consulting physiciart in diseases of women. He was one of the original members oftbeN&wton Natural History Society, a»d has delivered before it many able and interesting papers en scientific subjects.

In practice he was noted for bis siiJ) and assiduous care of his patients, easily vyinning a»d holding their confidence and esteem to i, lemarkabie degree.

Jesse F. Frisbie, M.D., sob of Captaia Jesse Frisbie, of Kittery, Me., was born in RoehesteK, N. H., July 12, 18.38. For a time he was a student at Phillips Exeter Academy, N. H. He taught Grammar and High Schools in Maine amd New Hampshire for several years, and then commenced his medical studies with his uncle, I>r. J. H. York, a pyoaiinent and successful physician o-f Bostot>, Mass., in 1858, and graduated from the Harvard Medisal College in 1861.

A little more than one- year fee pzacticed roedieine in Framingham Centre, Mass., and entered the United States Navy in December, 1S&2. He served in the Potomac Flotilla asHJ afterward* id the East. Gulf Blockading Squadn>n.. While in service on the Potomac he contracted ssalasia, and' in the- Ciulf of Mexico he was prostrated with bilious remittent fever and placed in the iiospjtal' at Key West, Fla. He left the navy in Janaajy, 18GJ», on accoun't of ill health.

May, 1864, he entered tJie United States Army and served in Fairfax Semioairy Hospital, near Alexandria, Va.; Carver General Hospital, Washington, D. C, and for nearly a year was in charge of Wisewell Barracks Hospital, in Wa.sbington, D. C

He early became interested in Natural Science, and while in the United Slates service made large collections, especially of Tertiary Fossils, for tiie Smithsonian Institution at Washington. In ISlJ.'i he was placed in charge of a scientific expedition for the investigation of the Tertiary formation in parts of Virginia and Maryland. In 18(55 he was urged to go to New Mexico for two years for the purpose of studying the /uni Indians and other tribes, and the Cliifdvvellings and oth«r evidences of pre-historic races and habitations, in the interest of the Smithsonian Institution. Owing to ill health he was obliged to what to him was a most attractive field of investigation. It was the work afterwards accomplished by Lieutenant Oushing. Through his influence the Newton Natural History Society was formed and he was president of it for the first seven years. He is a lecturer on Geology and Archtseology and has published many papers and monographs on these subjects.

He was admitted a membea: of the Massachusetts Medical Society in 186.5, American Medical Association in 1880, Gynwcological Society of Boston in 1880. He is a member of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and other medical and scientific societies in the State and elsewhere.

Edward A. Whiston, M.D., son of Francis C. Whiston, was born at Roxbury (now Boston Highlands), Massachusetts, October 19, 1838. His early -education was obtained at the Brimmer School, Boston, and Framingham High School. He graduated from the Harvard Medioal College in 1861. Dr. "Whiston has a brilliant war record extending over a period of three years. H« was appointed assistant surgeon of the Sixteenth Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry, August 1, 1861, and was connected with that regiment till March 5, 1863, when he was promoted to surgeon and transferred to the First Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry. He left the service May 28, 1864. After the expiration of this term of service in the army he was appointed acting surgeon of Board of Enrollment at Greenfield. Massachusetts, and United States inspector of camps of Veteran [Reserve Corps. -

For two years, during 1865-66, he was resident "physician to the Boston City Institutions on Deer Island, Boston Harbor, and also port physician.

He has been a member of the Board of Trustees of itihe Newton Cottage Hospital since its organization, JTanuary 4, 1881, and secretary of the corporation «luce January 16, 1882.

For many years he was a member of the Massachusetts Medical Society. He gave up practice of medicine in 1868 and went into mercantile life. Has been for the past ten years business manager of the Massachusetts New Church Union, Boston ; is treasurer of the New Church Theological School at Cambridge, and of the New Church Board of Missions.

He was educated in private schools in Northampton, Brookfield and Lougmeadow, and then entered Williams College, Williamstown, Massachusetts, from which he graduated in 1862.

After graduation he settled in Northampton, Massachusetts, and practiced there from May, 1868, to November 1, 1878, when he removed to Newtonville, Massachusets, where he has since resided.

He became a member of the Massachusetts Medical Society in 1868, and is also a member of the Gynaecological Society of Boston. He has served on the staff of Newton Cottage Hospital.

James H. Bodge, M.D., son of Noah Bodge, was born in Boston, Massachusetts, in 1840. He was educated in the Boston Latin School, Dartmouth and Harvard Colleges. He graduated from Harvard Medical College in 1867. He settled in Newton Centre, Massachusetts, in 1874. He was appointed on the staff of the Newton Cottage Hospital in 1888. He also had an appointment as coroner for Middlesex County. He joined the Massachusetts Medical Society in 1867.

William Hartwell Hildreth, M.D., son of John C. Hildreth, was born in New Ipswich, N. H., April 19, 1843. He was educated at the New Ipswich Appleton Academy. In 1864 enlisted in the Fourth Regiment Massachusetts Heavy Artillery, and remained with the regiment till the close of the war in 1865.

He graduated at the Dartmouth Medical College, Hanover, N. H., in 1869, and then located in Fitchburg, Mass., in 1870. Removed to Newton Upper Falls in 1874. He served five years in the Massachusetts State Militia as assistant surgeon, and surgeon of the Tenth Regiment of Infantry. He went abroad in 1888, traveling in England, France, Germany, Switzerland and Italy. He was married to Miss Helen Josephene Fl.igg, of New Ipswich, N. H., in 1869. He became a member of the Massachusetts Medical Soeietv in 1870.

Francis B. Porter, M.D., son of Edward F. Porter, was born in Scituate, Mass., August 28, 1844. He was educated at Wesleyao University, and studied medicine in tlie Harvard Medical School. Hegraduated frona the Harvard Medical College, and then went abroad for a time, traveling through England, Germany and Italy. On his return he settled at Auburiidale, Mass., in October, 1875, where he now resides and practices medicine.

From time ta time, articles from his pen have been published iu the Medical Record of New York, and the Boston Medical and Surgical Journal.

He was admitted a member of the Massachusetts Medical Society in 1877. He is on the medical and surgical staff of the Newton Cottage Hospital. In 1875 he was married to Miss Christian W. Taylor.

HeRiMAN F. Titijs, M.D., son of Moses Titus, was born in Pepperell, Mass., in 1852. He was educated at Lawrence Academy and Colgate University. He first studied theology and was settled as Baptist minister in Ithaca, N. Y., and Newton, Mass. He graduated from Harvard Medical College in 1890, and now practices in Newton. He has fine scientific attainments, and is an expert botanist.

He was educated in the public schools of Weston and Waltham, one year at Phillips Academy, Andover, one year special course at Harvard University and three years at Harvard Medical School. He also studied medicine one year in Vienna and eight moDth.s in London ; a part of the time he was housesurgeon in London Hospital.

He graduated from Harvard Medical College in 1878. He practiced medicine one year (1878 to 1879) in Waltham, Mass., and then went to Europe for two years, for the purpose of study. In May, 1881, he settled in Newtonville, where he still is in practice.

He is visiting physician on the staff, and consulting surgeon at the Newton Cottage Hospital. He became a member of the Massachusetts Medical Society iu 1878. He is a member of the Gynwcoiogieal Society of Boston. January 29, 1879, he married Miss Mary F. M. Gibbs, of Waltham, Mass. His wife died August 15, 1887, leaving two children, Harold O. and Richard F. Hunt.

After studying in the Newton High School, he went to Phillips Academy, Andover, Mass., and there graduated in 1873. He graduated from the Harvard Dental School in 1877, and the Dartmouth Medical College in 1878.

cal Society, president of the Massachusetts Dental Society, corresponding secretary of the American Academy of Dental Science. He has written several valuable papers which have been published in different magazines. He was married in 1885 to Miss Lillie B. Comstock.

He was educated in Boston Public Schools, Lawrence Scientific School, Harvard University and Harvard Medical School. He received the degree of S.B. in 1879, and M.D. from Harvard Medical College in 1882. He was house officer of the Carney Hospital, South Boston, in 1882-83. He practiced a short time in South Framingham and then in Roxbury till 1887. Since that time he has attended exclusively to medical e5;aminations for various insurance associations. He was elected supreme medical examiner of the New England Order of Protection, November 12, 1887, and still holds that position.

While a student in the Lawrence Scientific School he published " Plans of the Doric Temple." In 1887 he married Miss Eva Steven.s, of South Framingham. He resides at Newton Highlands.

Robert P. Loring, M.D., son of Joshua Loriug, was born in Chelsea, Mass., February 18, 1852. He was educated at Chauncy Hall School, Boston, Mass.; Brookline High School, Institute Technology, Boston. He graduated at Harvard Medical College in 1875, and joined the Massachusetts Medical Society in 1876. He settled in Newton Centre, Mass., in 1876. After practicing medicine there for awhile he went West and spent three years. While there he received the appointment of assistant surgeon Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad Company, at Kansas City, Mo., and Professor of Physiology in Kansas City Medical College. On his return East he again settled in Newton Centre, where he continues to reside and practice medicine. He is a member of the medical board, a member of the medical staff and one of the consulting surgeons at the Newton Cottage Hospital. Dr. Loring married Miss Adelaide L. Nason, of Kennebunk. Me.

Da¥id E. Baker, M.D., son of Erastus E. Baker, was born in Franklin, Norfolk County, Mass., March 30, 1857. Educated in the Grammar and High Schools of Franklin, and in 1878 received the degree of B S. from the Boston University. In his boyhood he was a farmer; after his graduation he was a teacher for a time.

He entered Harvard Medical School in 1879; Boston City Hospital as house surgeon in 1882-83. Received his degree of M.D. from Harvard University in 1883.

He was elected a member of the School Board for the years of 1887, '88, '89 and '90, and was elected chairman of the board in September, 1890; a director of Kewton Associated Charities, 1889-90 ; member of the Newton Board of Health, 1890. He is a member of the Newton Natural History Society, Newton Civil ServiceReform Club. Boston City Hospital Club, Massachusetts Association of Boards of Health, etc. He was admitted a member of the Massachusetts Medical Society in 1883.

He went to Europe in 1888, and spent a year in travel and study in Berlin and Vienna. Some of his papers have been published in the medical journals.

Philip Vincent, M.D., son of Philip Vincent, M.D., was born at Camborne, County of Cornwall, England, on Feb. 7, 1858. He is a descendant of a line of doctors. In early life he spent six years at the Royal Medical College, Epsom, County Surrey, England. After continuing his studies in the Royal Medical College and Royal College of Surgeons, London, be spent four years in the London University College and Hospitals, and there took his degree M. R.C.S. (Membership of the Royal College of Surgeons, England). The next year, at Edinburgh, Scotland, he received the degrees, L.R.C.P. and L.M. (Licentiate of the Royal College of Physicians and Licentiate of Midwifery).

He entered into practice in England for a time, then was appointed surgeon on several steamslyps of the Great Western and Cunard Companies' lines.

Retiring from service, on the vessels he came to America and settled in Boston in 1884. In 1886 he removed to New'.on, where he continued to practice medicine till July, 1890, when he moved to Waltham.

Dr. Vincent has held the position of ophthalmic house surgeon at University College Hospital under the celebrated Wharton Jones. He is a member of the London University College Medical Society. He has published articles on seasickness in the British medical journals.

William Henry McOwen, M.D., son of Timothy McOwen, was born in Lowell, Mass., March 5, 1860. His early education was obtained at the Grammar and High Schools. He graduated from Harvard Medical College and settled in Lowell in July, 1883. He removed to Newton Upper Falls in July, 1885, where he now resides and practices medicine. He has been city physician of Lowell and also on the stafi of Lowell City Free Dispensary. He is medical examiner for various life insurance companies in the State and elsewhere.

Francis M. O'Donnell, M.D., son of James O'Donnell, was born in Marlboro', Mass., April 9, 1863. His early education was obtained in the Grammar and High Schools. He afterwards entered Boston College, from which, in 1882, he received the degree of A.B. and in 1887 the degree of A.M.

In 1882 he entered the Harvard Medical School, and from Harvard Medical College received his degree of M.D. He settled in Newton in 1885; became a member of the Massachusetts Medical Society in 1887. He married Miss Rose A. Harkins, of Newton, July 2, 1888.

D. Waldo Stearns, M.D., son of Daniel Stearns, was born in Newton, Mass., November 12, 186-t. He was educated in the Newton Grammar and High Schools, and then entered Harvard College. He entered the Harvard Medical School in 1883 and graduated from Harvard Medical College in 1887. The following year he was resident physician at the Lynn (Mass.) City Hospital. Then he went to Europe. He spent some time studying at Guy's Hospital, London, and continued his medical studies in the schools and hospitals of Paris. He returned to the United States and settled on Watertown Street, Newton, in 1889, in what has been the family homestead for five generations. He was elected a member of the Massachusetts Medical Society in 1889. He is a member of the Newton Natural Hi.-*tory Society.

Thomas Francis Carroll, M.D., son of Owen Carroll, was born in Lowell, Mass., July 9, 1864. He was educated in the public sch(jols in Lowell and Boston College, Boston, Mass. He graduated at Harvard Medical College and settled in Roxbury, Mass. He removed to Newton, Mass., in 1889, where he continues to practice medicine. He is a member of the Massachusetts Medical Society.

Myron J. Davis, M.D., settled in Newton in 1886. Afterwards removed to New York ; served in the United States Army during the War of the Rebellion ; was appointed on the staff of the Newton Cottage Hospital as specialist in diseases of the eye.

Lincoln R. Stone, M.D., graduated at Harvard Medical College in 1854. He joined the Massa< husetts Medical Society in 1854. He has been president of the Middlesex South District Medical Society. He served in the United States Army in the late War of the Rebellion. He is now in practice in Newton, Mass. He served on the Newton School Board for many years.

James R. Deane, M.D., graduated at Bowdoin (Me.) Medical College in 1860. He joined the .Massachusetts Medical Society in 1874 ; is now in practice in Newton Highlands, Mass.

of Vermont Medical Department in 1869. He joined the Massachusetts Medical Society in 1875. He is dean of tlie College of Physicians and Surgeons, Boston, Mass. Is now in practice in West Newton, Mass.

Fredekick L. Thayer, M.D., graduated at Harvard Medical College in 1871. He joined the Massachusetts Medical Society in 1872. Is in practice in West Newton, Mass. He is a member of the Medical Board and on the medical staff of the Newton Cottage Hospital.

Frederick W. Webber, M.D., son of A. C. Webber, M.D.. of Cambridge, graduated at the Harvard Medical College in 1879. He joined the Massachusetts Medical vSociety in 1880. Is in practice in Newton, Mass.

Dr. Samuel Whe.at, son of Moses Wheat, of Concord, Mass., came from Boston to Newton about 171.3. He was born in 1703. He died in 1770. At one time he was selectman. Among his sons was

Dr. John Cotton, son of Rev. John Cotton. He was born in 1723 and died in 1758. He married Mary Clark, July 8, 1750. He graduated at Harvard College in 1747.

Dr. John Druce, supposed to be the son of John Druce, .3d. Graduated at Harvard College in 1738. Married Margaret Trowbridge, daughter of Deacon William Trowbridge, in April, 1749.

Dr. Samuel Whitewell, West Newton, born 1754; died 1791. Alterwards settled in Boston as bead of the firm Whitewell, Bond & Co., auctioneers.

Dr. John Allen, son of John Allen, died 1758. Married Jerusha Cook, of Windham, Ct., in 1745. He left at his decease one son (?) and five daughters, one of whom, Jerusha, married Dr. Samuel Wheat, Jr., in 1766.

Dr. Lazarus Beale, son of Lazarus Beale, of Hingham, Mass. Married Lydia Wheat in 1749. She was probably a daughter of Dr. Samuel Wheat, Jr.

Dr. Edward Durant, son of Edward Durant, Jr., married Mary Park, daughter of Edward Park, Nov., 1762. He went privateering during the Revolutionary War and was never heard of afterwards.

Dr. Abraham D. Dearborn was born in Exeter, N. H. (?) Bought the practice of Dr. Samuel S. Whitney and settled at Newton Upper Falls in 1844. He left Newton in 1854 or 1855. He was well educated in his profession, particularly courteous in manner and greatly respected.

Dr. James H. Grant was the immediate successor of Dr. Abraham D. Dearborn at Newton Upper Falls in 1854 or 1855. He left Newton after a few years

Dr. William Read settled in Newton Upper Falls in 1836. He practiced medicine there about one year and then removed to Boston, where he practiced as a specialist in diseases of the rectum. He died in Boston in 1889.

John F. Boothby, M.D.-Graduated at Dartmouth Medical College, Hanover, N . H., in 1879. Settled in Newton Centre, Mass.; afterwards removed to Chelsea, Mass.

By Howard P. Bellows, M.D.

The history of homceopathy in Newton begins in the year 1849, when Dr. Joseph Birnstill, a native of Germany, removed from Boston to Newton Corner, as it was then called, and introduced the new system of practice. For twelve years he remained not only the pioneer, but the sole representative of this school in Newton. At the end of that time, in the year 1861, Dr. Frederick Niles Palmer, a graduate of the Homoeopathic Medical College of Pennsylvania of the year 1853, removed from Gardiner, Me., and settled first in West Newton, and two years later, in 1863, in Newton, where Dr. Birnstill was still practicing. In this same year and month - April, 1863 - a third representative of this school, Dr. Edward P. Scales, a graduate of Dartmouth '55 and of the Cleveland Homoeopathic Hospital College, of the year 1859, came to Newton and joined his colleagues in building up honiceopathy in this city. Dr. Scales had first practiced for two years following his graduation in Norwood, Mass. (now South Dedham), and during the next two years in Winchester, Mass., - removing from thence to Newton, where he still remains in thS full practice of his profession with unabated vigor, being not only the senior representative of the homooopathic school, but also the longest resident physician of any kind in Newton. As such he took a leading part in the establishment of the Newton Cottage Hospital, which will be spoken of later as th'e most interesting and important event connected with the history of bomtcopathy in Newton.

Of Dr. Scales' two earliest colleagues Dr. Birnstill died suddenly, of hemorrhage of the lungs, February 16, 1867, aged fifty-six years, having practiced in Newton for eighteen years. Dr. Palmer continued to practice in Newton until the autumn of 1869, eight years in all, when he removed to Boston, introducing as his successor in Newton Dr. T. S. Keith. After seventeen years' residence and practice in Boston Dr. Palmer died, May 10, 1886, aged seventy-two years; a faithful and skilful physician, punctilious in every courtesy, and of such kindly spirit that his genial presence is still missed at every gathering of his colleagues.

Three years after the coming of Drs. Palmer and Scales, in the year 1866, Dr. W. H. Sanders, a brother of Dr. O. S. Sanders, of Boston, also settled in Newton. After two years of practice here he removed to Wisconsin in 1868, leaving as his successor Dr. J. H. Osborne, from New York, who remained, however, but six months. About this same time Dr. Charles W. Taylor, a graduate of the Homreopathic Medical College of Cleveland in 1853, settled in Newtonvilie. Dr. Taylor first practiced in Westfield, Mass., then in Maiden, Mass., whence he removed to Newtonvilie. Never a strong man, the fatigue and exposure of practice induced bronchia] consumption, and in hopes of arresting this disease Dr. Taylor, in the fall of 1873, sold his practice to Dr. Morgan J. Rhees, and removed to South Carolina. Receiving no benefit from the change, he returned North and resided in Wilbraham, Mass., until January 13, 1875, when he died, in his fifty-fifth year.

It was shortly after the settlement of Dr. Taylor in Newtonvilie that Dr. Theodore S. Keith cametoNewtpn in 1869, and assumed the practice of Dr. Palmer. Dr. Keith began his professional life during the war, being appointed medical cadet in the United States Army May 12, 1862. He served in the hospitals in Alexandria and Washington until Jan. 16, 1863, when he entered the naval service as acting assistant surgeon, and April 6, 1806, was promoted to acting past-assistant surgeon. He was first ordered to the U. S. steamer " E. B. Hall," doing duty in the Sc-uth Atlantic Squadron. In 1864 he was ordered to the U. S. steamer " Peterhofl" at New York, and afterwards to the U. S. steamer " Cimarron " for ^rther duty in the South Atlantic Squadron. Later he was ordered to the U. S. steamer " Passaic " and returned to Philadelphia, and then to the U. S. sieamer " Monocacy " at Baltimore. He was finally relieved at Washington, D. C, and ordered to duty at the Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, Navy Department, where he remained until he received his honorable discharge, July 2nd, 1868. la the same year, 1SG8, he graduated from the Harvard Medical School. His practice in Newton extended over a period of nearly nineteen years, from October 18, 1869, to Sept. 13, 1888, when death removed him from the large circle of patients and friends which he had formed around him.

In the year 1873 Dr. Morgan J. Rhees purchased the practice of Dr. Taylor and settled in Newtonvilie. Dr. Rhees was a graduate of the Jefferson Medical College of Philadelphia, of the year 1841, and came to Newtonvilie from Hollidaysburgh, Pennsylvania. In 1878 he sold his practice to Dr. George S. Woodman and removed to Wheeling, West Virginia, where he still -resides and practices. About the time of Dr. Rhees' settlement in Newtonvilie, Dr. Levi Pierce came to Newton Centre, but remained little longer than one year, when he removed to Everett, Mass.

Up to this time additions to the number of practitioners of the new school were made very slowly, but at the end of this period the success and popularity of the new treatment seems to have created a demand for more physicians, for in the next few years we find their number increasing steadily and their practices increasing in the same ratio. First in this group came Dr. F. E. Crockett, a graduate of the Philadelphia University of Medicine and Surgery of the year 1867. Dr. Crockett began the practice Of his profession in Norway, Maine, where he remained until the year 1874, when he came to this city and settled himself at West Newton, where he is still engaged in practice. In the following year Dr. S. A. Sylvester, a graduate of the Boston University School of Medicine, of the year 1875, settled himself in Newton Centre and there still remains in practice. The next year, 1876, Newton itself received an accession in the coming of Dr. James Utley, from Taunton, Massachusetts. Dr. Utley received medical degrees from Bowdoin, in 1874, and from the Hahnemann Medical College of Philadelphia in 1875. He practiced in Taunton two years before his settlement in Newton, but has no reason to desire any further change of residence or field of practice. He is at present assisted by his son, Dr. E. R. Utley, a graduate of Amherst and of the Harvard Medical School. During the term of 1888-89 Dr. James Utley was Lecturer on Minor Surgery in the Boston Universitv School of Medicine.

The next village in Newton to receive a physician was the Upper Falls, where Dr. Eben Thompson, a graduate of the Pulte Medical College, of Cincinnati, began a practice which he still continues. Newtonviile was selected by the next comer, Dr. George S. Woodman, who left a practice in Lynn, Massachusetts, in 1878, to purchase that of Dr. M. J. Rhees. Dr. Woodman received degrees from Amherst College in 1846 and 1849, and from Harvard University Medical School in 1849. At the beginning of the war, in 1861, he was appointed by Abraham Lincoln surgeon of the Board of Enrollment for the Second District of the State of New York, which office he held until the end of the war. Since 1878 he has continued to reside in Newtonville and is still in active practice. Towards the close of the same year, 1878, Dr. Howard P. Bellows settled in Auburndale, having previously practiced in Boston. Dr. Bellows received degrees from Cornell University in 1876 and 1879, and from the Boston University School of Medicine in 1877. With the exception of one year he has been connected with the faculty of the Boston University School of Medicine since his graduation, first as Lecturer on Physiology, and, after further preparation abroad, as professor in the same chair ; and later, after another course of special study abroad, as Lecturer on Otology, afterwards Professor of Otology, which chair he still occupies. In the spring of 1890, after eleven and a half years of practice in Auburndale, during the last five of which he was also engaged in special practice in Boston, Dr. Bellows sold his entire general practice to Dr. Mortimer H. Clarke, confining his own practice exclusively to his specialty, diseases of the ear, and changed liis residence from Auburndale to West Newton. After Dr. Bellows the next physician of this school to choose a location in Newton was Dr. E. N. Kingsbury, a graduate of the Hahnemann Medical College of Philadelphia, of the year 1880, who came irom Spenser, Massachusetts, to Newton Centre in 1884, but removed two years later to Woonsocket, Rhode Island. The following year Dr. W. E. Richards, of Boston, removed his residence to Newtonville while continuing his office in Boston, practicing in both places. After about three years he discontinued this arrangement and returned to Boston to reside there as formerly.

Coming to more recent arrivals, we find, within about three years past, eight new physicians of this school settling in the various villages of Newton, several of whom still remain. Dr. Virginia F. Bryant, a graduate of the Boston University School of Medicine of the year 1884, settled at Newton Highlands in 1887 - having practiced for three years previously in Boston. In the latter part of 1889 she removed to Jamaica Plain. In thesummer of the same year, 1887, Dr. Clara D. Reed, a graduate of the Boston University School of Medicine of the year 1878, removed from Bellows Falls, Vt., where she had practiced for nine years, and settled at Newton. In the following year, 1888, Dr. George H. Talbot, a graduate of the Boston University School of Medicine of the year 1882, also removed from Bellows Falls, Vt., after five years of practice there, and settled in Newtonville. The same year, 1888, Dr. F. L. Mcintosh, a graduate of the Hahnemann Medical College of Philadelphia of the year 1881, setled in Newton. From 1881 to 1886 Dr. Mcintosh practiced in Claremont, N. H., and thence removed to Melrose, Mass., where he practiced for two years before coming to Newton. He came to assume the practice of Dr. T. S. Keith upon his decease. The third physician to settle in Newton in the year 1888 was Dr. Mortimer H. Clarke, son of the late Dr. Henry B. Clarke, of New Bedford, Mass., who came from the service of the Brooklyn Homeopathic Hospital to associate himself in practice with Dr. Bellows and became his successor eighteen months later. Dr. Clarke received degrees from Harvard University '83 and from the Boston University School of Medicine in the year 1888. In 1889 Dr. C. H. Fessenden, a graduate of the Boston University School of Medicine of the year 1886, removed from Manchester, N. H., where he had practiced for three years, to Newton Centre. In the same year Dr. Samuel Lewis Eaton settled at the Newton Highlands. He is a graduate of Yale College '77 and of the Hahnemann Medical College of Chicago of the year 1882. For the first year after receiving his medical degree he practiced in the office of Dr. C. W. Butler, in Montclair, New Jersey, thence removing to Orange, N. J., where he practiced a little over five years before coming to Newton. The last physician of tlie new school who has settled in Newton is Dr. Henry P. Perkins, who came in April, 1890, to take up his residence and begin practice in West Newton. Dr. Perkins graduated from the Harvard Medical School in 1881 and practiced first in Lowell, later in Canandaigua, N. Y., from whence he removed here. Besides the foregoing physicians several others have made Newton their place of residence, or field of practice, for longer or shorter periods and then gone elsewhere. In Newton Dr. Harriet A. Loriiig, agraduate of the Boston University School of Medicine of the year 1876, practiced for a year or two and then removed to Boston. In West Newton Dr. Samuel Ayer Kimball, of the Boston University School of Medicine, class of '83, practiced about six months and thence removed to Melrose, Mass., and later to Buston. At Auburndale, during the absences of Dr. Bellows, his practice was conducted by Dr. George R. Southwick, of Boston, upon two occasions, once for a full year, and upon another occasion by Dr. S. H. Spaulding, now of Hingham, Mass. Also at Auburndale, at the Lasell Seminary, there have been settled two resident physicians - first. Dr. Maude Kent, a graduate of the Boston University School of Medicine, of the year 1886, and at the present time Dr. Martha C. Champlin, who graduated from the same niedicalschuol ia the year 1889.

Aside from the evidence of the growth and spread of homoeopathy in Newton as furnislied by the increasing number of physicians who settle here and the size and quality of their practices the chief interest attaching to the development of the new school in this city, and of the public sentiment with which it is regarded, centres about the Newton Cottage Hospital. This institution, which is now in the full exercise of its usefulness, was firtt projected in 1880. The first meeting was held in January of that year at the house of the Rev. Dr. Shinn, and was attended by the friends of both systems of medical practice. It was then determined to enter upon the work for the good of the community at large, and afford to all who came for treatment the same facility for choosing a physician of either school that they enjoyed at their own homes. Upon these lines the work went forward. Money was subscribed by all who felt interest in the hospital as a hospital, irrespective of the school of treatment which its inmates might prefer to employ. When, in the further development of the plan, it became necessary to provide a staff of physicians and surgeons, and a supply of medical and surgical appliances, as well as a building and a matron and nurses, the executive committee and trustees created a Medical Board consisting of eight physicians, four from each school of practice, who received a standing ap pointment with power to nominate annually the members of the medical and surgical staff of the hospital and regulate their terms of service ; to recommend purchases and renewals of medical and surgical supplies; to recommend any measures or changes which may increase the usefulness of the hospital so far as relates to the medical and surgical service; and, in short, to act between the executive committee and trustees on the one hand and the medical and surgical staff on the other in whatever manner seems wisest for the best usefulness and success of the hospital.

Upon the first meeting of this Medical Board, April 9, 1886, the most perfect harmony was found to exist between its several members, and it became evident at once that each member present felt that the interests of the hospital itself came before every other interest, and that all questions of school would be administered with perfect fairness and forbearance to secure the common end in view. The president of the board was chosen from one school and the secretary from the other, and all committees were chosen in the most equitable manner possible. Questions relating to one school alone were referred to a committee from that school only, and all questions interesting both alike were treated without the slightest suggestion of any difference in school. Rules and regulations for the working service of the hospital were arranged and passed to the Executive Committee for adoption, and these secured the perfect equality of the two schools - providing that two complete medical and surgical staffs should always be in attendance at the same time, one consisting wholly of members of the Massachusetts Medical Society and the other of members of the Massachusetts Homoeopathic Medical Society; that the patients of the two staffs should be assigned to opposite sides of the wards, when practicable, or be otherwise kept distinct; that each patient upon entrance should choose the school by which he wished to be treated, and that when no choice was expressed the matron should assign them in regular alternate order to each school. The result of this provision has been perfect harmony from the beginning. In the board there has not from the very first been a single jar or discordant element, and upon the staffs no trouble has ever arisen between the schools in a single instance. This working harmony in the same hospital, and in the same wards, which has heretofore been deemed an impossibility as a matter of theory, has in our Newton Cottage Hospital been shown to be entirely possible as a matter of practical demonstration.

For the present year of service there are no changes save that Dr. Mcintosh takes the place of Dr. Keith, deceased ; Dr. Talbot takes the place of Dr. Richards, removed from the city ; and Dr. Clarke has received appointment as surgeon.

Chapter Xii Geology Of Newton

Newton is bounded on the north, west and south by the valley of the Charles River, and on the east by another depressed area. Between the north and south boundaries rises a range of hills with the axis running east and west. The outcropping ledges are slate, slate-breccia, conglomerate (pudding-stone) and amygdaloids.

places overlaid - by slate and slate-breccia, contaiuing specimens finely ripple-marked. On Jewett Street is an outcrop of slate-breccia of unusual interest. This breccia is formed of angular fragments of an older slate imbedded in a newer. The ledge was upfolded, and in after-time that huge planingmachiue, the glacier, slow-moving but ponderous and irresistible, plowed its way across, smoothing its irregularities, leaving long strise to mark where some sharp, angular fragment of quartz or other hard, firm rock chiseled a line as it moved along. In places these parallel lines have been traced sixty to seventy-five feet. On Homer Street another outcropping ledge shows the glacial strise running in the same direction - from north to south.

At Newton Centre and southeastward the conglomerate (pudding-stone) crops out in hills and bold escarpments, very fine and picturesque, as seen near Hammond's Pond.

When the upfolding took place - when this region arose from its watery bed - huge fissures and grading, down to the minutest seams, were formed as the crust folded and wrinkled, and into these was forced and ejected the semi-plastic and melted material from deep down below, and dykes and traps cut these older rocks in every direction, of varying width and extent; and some of these narrow cracks were filled, in after-time, by a deposit of mineral held in solution by the hot, boiling water bubbling up from the depth of miles below.

A large part of the city is covered with glaciated materials, either spread out broadly or heaped up in characteristic forms - sharp ridges of sand, gravel and water-worn boutders, like those seen at Auburndale and Newtonville, or gently-rounded elevations - lenticular hills, known among geologists as ground moraines, composed of fine clayey material, with angular fragments of rock interspersed, like Mt. Ida and Institution Hill. The first were formed on top of the glacier - the latter beneath it.

River terraces can be traced on both sides of Charles River, clearly showing the former level of the river-bed, and the down-cutting that has resulted from erosion during the long ages that have elapsed since the ice-sheet disappeared from our midst and our land was with " verdure clad," and bright flowers dotted the hills and the valleys.

Dendrites are found abundantly in the slates; some are very beautiful. An outcrop of slate at the drive-way entrance to the estate of Hon. R. R. Biihop, Newton Centre, is well worth an examination. The folding and wrinkling is beautifully shown ; the laminations can easily be recognized in the face of the cliff', where it dips sharply to the north, and the dendrites are readily found. This is an interesting locality from the fact that the slate rests on the conglomerate, and is overlaid by the conglomerate. Points of contact between different ruck-strata are eagerly sought for by geologists as this knowledge aids largely in giving the formation to which they belong. On the western side of Hammond's Pond is a bold esoarpmsnt of conglomerate, the result of a fracture in the crust ages ago, producing a fault. A little farther away a huge fragment of the cliff has been thrown off, through the action of water and frost, leaving the rock-bordered amphitheatre, where the Newton Natural History Society often hold their exercises on their " Field-Day " excursions.

Glacial Moeaines. - Every change of level in a country produces a change of climate. Ascend to the height of 350 feet and you have reached the same temperature you would have found by going one degree, sixty miles, towards the north. Therefore we see that an elevation of any ])art of a country is a practical northward journey in temperature, and consequently in the Fauna and Flora.

Preceding the glaciers, there had been a long period of progressive elevation, till so large a part of North America had been raised above the line of perpetual snow, that it was covered with snow and ice piled up 4000 or 5000 feet, almost a mile in thickness; and then this mass, slowly, almost imperceptibly, but resistlessly, moved on southward to a warmer clime. As it journeys onward, the m )untain crags and towering peaks, through the weight of accumulated snow and the action of cold winds and frosts, come down in crashing avalanches, forming deck-loads of crumbled stones and boulders to be carried and deposited in the valleys far away.

As these glaciers pressed south, southeast and south westward, their eroding and grinding power was incalculable, and the tops of the hills and lower mountains, and sides of the higher, were ground away by these mighty planing-machines, leaving behind traces of their movements on the solid rock, in long striated scratches and groovings.

In one place a sharp, projecting angle of stone cuts its line in the solid ledge; in another, a loose rolling stone crushed the ledge as it rolled along, leaving slight horizontal crackings ; and again the solid ledge was gouged to a foot or more in depth as a hard boulder, securely fixed beneath, and in the enormous mass of ice, plowed across the naked rock. Gravel, sand and earth imbedded in sideorbottomoftheglacier, smoothed and polished the ledge over which it passed. Following this period of high elevation, accompanied with Arctic cold, came a subsidence, and these glaciers slowly melted away as the warmer climate followed ; and rock, boulder, gravel and sand, constituting the drift, was left behind. Where the glaciers had pushed immense quantities of this material, torn and worn away from the hills and mountains, we now find the terminal moraines; beneath, yhere it had been carried along on top, we find the medial mo' raines ; and on either side of these moving rivers of snow and ice, the lateral moraines are left to tell the story of their breadth.

Again a part of the land was covered by the ocean, and the St. Lawrence and Lake Champlain were arms of the sea. The ocean waves re-arranged and leveled much of this debris, spreading it out over the shallow ocean bed.

Time passes on and the everlasting forces acting below, again change the ever-changing surface, and a slow upheaval takes place; and the waters begin 10 drain off, and our part of the planet assumes more nearly its present limit and form. As the waters drain off, the river channels are formed and the river systems are developed, and down through the dri It the waters readily cut their way. "The falling rain-drops gather on the land and a little rill forma ; as this moves along it cuts down a little furrow; several of these rills combining form a rivulet which enlarges the furrow into a gully as it goes down the river-bank ; " and these again combining pour down in torrents, cutting wider and deeper, as with gathering force the waters sweep down the declivities, excavating deep ravines and gorges, leaving behind the higher summits as ridges, dirt's and banks.

We find the Drift in every direction in Newton and the adjoining towns, in rounded hills, ridges, spurs and elevated plateaux composed of sand and gravel with boulders. Standing on the belt and ridge of land south of Cabot Street, you find a peculiar arrangement of hill and valley spread out on every side. Cabot Street cuts through an arm of this ridge, which stretches northward. There, and on the path through the woods, is exposed a fine picture of the unmodified Drift, sand, gravel and boulders, water-worn throughout. This entire ridge is Drift, and walking southward through Newton Centre the same formation is seen on every hand. Beyond there the country slopes to Ihe south, leaving Newton Centre, Newton Highlands, and onward to Auburndale and Lower Falls, an elevated plateau and ridge of this Drift material, constitutiug a divide or water-shed.

The drift is very distinctly seen where it crops out on the Watertown shore of Charles Kiver, nearly opposite the home of Mr. Henry Claflin.

At Auburndale and Riverside is a high bluff of Drift on the south side of the railroad, showing beautifully the enormous accumulations of this material ; and as we cross to the north side we find another ridge of the same Drift which has been separated from the other by the water cutting a channel between ; and then across the Charles River in Weston, rising to an equal height, the belt of Drift can be traced for many miles. Among the boulders lying scattered on the hills and occasionally in the plains, we find granite, gneiss, slates, greenstones and conglomerates. With the exceptions of the latter, all these boulders, sand and gravel, have been torn away from other rocks and transported to their present position through the agency of ice and water.

Then come back to the point of observation I have referred to on the ridge, and at once the conclusion is reached ihat this level plateau has, at some distant time, extended across the valley where Newtonville stands, to the plain on which Waltham is built, to a corresponding height in Watertown, and that the valley of the Charles is the result of the action of water since the depositions of the Drift, although this higher plain and ridge have been worn away much below its former height.

Now, descending and advancing towards the river, we find Newtonville is built on another level plateau, the same on nhich stands the lower part of the villages of Newton, West Newton and Auburndale, composed of the same materials as that we have left, and as we near Charles River another descent is made. These latter constitute the river terraces, and difftr in many respects from the first.

Again we will retrace our steps to the ridge south of Cabot Street, near Newtonville, and endeaver to read the history of this problem spread out before us. First the ridge on which we stand is the old unmodified, unstratified Drift, proved by the materials composing it. These were brought and deposited here by the glaciers when the subsidence of this part of our continent caused a warmer climate, and the glaciers melting, disappeared. Now, as this immense quantity of water was drained off, accelerated by the gradual upheaval, wonderful changes took place; the river valleys were washed out, terraces formed, and with the exceptions of a slight deepening of the river channels and the present flood plains, the dry land was left nearly in its present condition, only now covered with grass, flowers, shrubs and forests.

Where glaciers have swept over the country, the northern elope is long and gentle, aud the southern shorter and often abrupt; the glaciers ground, smoothed, polished, as they gradually ascended to the hill or mountain-top, then passing over they crumbled, falling down the other side, leaving no striie or grooves to mark their tremendous power. As the irresistible force behind pushed them over, it exerted no influence on the falling mass farther than to continue piling more and more on top of that which had already fallen ; and con equently its grooving, planing power was lost till it again had consolidated and gained a steady headway. Therefore on the north slope and top of ledges and mountains we find evidences of glacial action, while on the south we look in vain for them. The side of the advance was ihe side of wear and greatest erosion.

Some of the rounded hills standing isolated in the valleys, and nearly all the ridges in this vicinity, have, as a centre or backbone, an internal foundation structure, composed of granite, conglomerate or slates, all worn from pre-existing or primary rocks and constituting what is termed the secondary or stratified rocks.

have been rounded, polished, grooved and scratched by the ponderous, southward-moving glacier. On Jewett, just beyond Pearl Street, the ledge bears ample evidence of glacial action. Before it had been much cut away, I traced grooves more than fifty feet, rounding up over the ledge to its summit as far as it was uncovered. Although this stone had been subject to the well-known agencies following exposure, still the tracings are at once apparent.

From base to top of this mass of snow and ice slowly moving southward, the materials composing the Drift were carried from the north to warmer climates. From jagged hill-tops and mountain-crags the rocks were gathered, which, after rolling and wearing, were finally deposited as clay, fine sand and gravel, or coarser stones and boulders over Canada, New England, and westward beyond the Mississippi. These boulders seldom exceeded a cubic foot in size, although sometimes they are found containing 20,000, 30,000, and even 40,000 cubic feet.

The Drift, while covering the lower lands and valleys, is found high up the mountains - 2000 feet on the Green Mountains, 3000 on Monadcock, and 6000 on Mt. Washington. On the very summit of Mt. Washington drift boulders have been found.

The loose, unstratified gravel and boulders over New England, New York, and the States west over the same latitude are called Drift. In some exceptional cases it is in layers ; then it is called Modified Drift.

This is the result of a working over of the Drift material by the streams of water beneath the glacier or in subsequent time by the rivers or ocean.

The Drift is derived from the rocks to the north of where it lies, mostly between northeast and northwest. The material is coarsest towards the north, grading down to finer gravel and sand without stones towards the southern limit. With the exception of pieces of wood the Drift is nearly bare of fossils, and nothing to suggest marine origin.

Glaciers will move on slopes of one or two degrees, and at the present time the requisite slope is found to exist in New England and Eastern New York. When the winters come and the mantle of snow covers our country from the sea-coast to the far, frigid North, we have a stationary glacier; but the depth is only a few feet, instead of 4000 to 5000, and is light, porous snow, differing from the old-time glacier, which was mostly ice, with, perhaps, a i6\s hundred feet of snow on the top.

The glacier in this part of North America would of necessity move southward, for, if for no other reason, the enormous accumulation of ice and snow to the northward would effectually present a barrier to its movement in that direction, while to the South there would be a limit resulting from the warmer climate. Jn the farther North the ice-mantle may have been many miles in thickness. Therefore the glaciers would push southward, rounding and polishing oft" the hills and lower mountains, scoring the sides and tops with regular marked strise, produced by the rocks, boulders and sand rubbing over them as with gigantic power the glacier moved along.

The Glacial Epoch and the Drift Epoch were the same. It was a period of intense cold, following and accompanying a widespread elevation in the cold latitudes in both the Northern and Southern hemispheres. In the warmer regions there are no traces of Glacier nor Drift material.

Below the perpetual frost-line a stream of water always flows, which works over that part of the glacial debris of angular and rounded stones and earth within its reach, transporting it to the valley, where it is deposited on the banks in a more or less stratified form.

The glacier has its sides and bottom set with stones of large or small size, and sand and gravel, and is a "tool of vast power," scratching, plowing and planing the rocks over or against which it moves: it even widens and deepens valleys.

Prof. Hitchcock says, " The Mountain Tarns, known as ' Lakes of the Clouds,' just below the summit of Mt. Washington, resulted from the excavating power of the glacier."

Sometimes the accumulated Drift material formed immense barriers and dammed up streams and shut in valleys, giving us to-day beautiful ponds and lakes.

I have referred to the avalanches falling upon the glaciers and forming deck-loads of debris. This detritus which was precipitated upon the top of the glacier was only a small part of the material gathered into this snow and ice-mass. From the tops of the mountains over which it passed ; from the sides against which it crushed its way, and even from the valleys, it gathered material which became incorporated into, and distributed throughout the vast sheet of ice; and these materials eroded, broken, crushed and taken from one place, were the implements that ground, pulverized, polished and produced thestriie on other and perhaps far distant rocks. This debris, taken from different rock-formations, comprised fragments of all the rocks exposed, from the granites down to the more recent formations, and to-day we find it scattered broad-cast over our hills and valleys.

To produce the Drift there must be the glacier. To form the glacier there must be elevation above the line of perpetual frost, and an abundance of moisture in the atmosphere. Were the thermometer never to rise above freezing point our earth would be a rainless, snowless sphere. For, to produce rain and snow, there must be moisture, and this is only the result of a temperature of above 32° Fahrenheit.

Thus far in speaking of the Drift, I have referred only to that form of it over which we passed. But there are two other conditions in which the glaciated dibris is presented for our examination and study, differing in material and position from that we have observed to-day.

In Newton we have a few of those beautiful shaped hills, characteristic of the Glacial Period, found so frequently in the eastern parts of Maine, New Hampshire and Massachusetts.

These hills are supposed to have been formed beneath the ice-sheet by the gradual accumulation of the material torn and worn away from the rocks and valleys over which it moved. They are composed of clay, sand, boulders and fragments of rock indiscriminately heaped up, without stratification ; very hard and compact.

The name given them appears to be very characteristic and appropriate - ground moraines - and if the theory is correct that they were formed by the constant addition of new material as the glacier moved onward, their composition and compactness can readily be understood. They have been named by Prof. Hitchcock, " Lenticular hills." They are elliptical in shape, the long diameter corresponding very nearly with the striae and glacial groovings found in the immediate vicinity. Mt. Ida is a typical specimen of a lenticular hill - elliptical in shape, steep sides, gently rounded top and always a beauiiful picture in the landscape.

Beside Mt. Ida ; Brighton Hill, par'ly in Newton and Brighton ; Nonantum HUl ; Prospect Hill, near the Newton reservoir; Institute Hill at Newton Centre; MofEt's Hill, lying between Fuller and Beacon Streets, and Oak Hill, near Newton Highlands, are all composed of the same materials and present the same shape.

The other form remaining to be described is that of a cover, or sheet of material, consisting paitly of that just described, mingled with sand, gravel and detritus generally, dropped loosely upon the hills and valleys when the ice melted beneath it. This form of the Drift covers nearly all New England to a depth varying from one to ten, or even twenty feet; and in connection with this are found the large boulders so abundant in some localities.

The first is composed of sand, gravel, pebbles and boulders (not striated) all, water-worn and rounded ; more frequently unstralified. This is generally found in the valleys ; but sometimes it occurs on elevated plateaux. It often overlies the other two forms of deposit.

The second overlies the "lenticular hills," and nearly the whole of the glacier-swept region, forming a thin cover of only a few feet in thickness, composed of the materials found in the lower and upper deposits.

The lenticular hills, built up of clay, sand, pebble and angular fragments of rock, hard and compact, comprise the third or lower division of the Drift. These two latter are also known by the name o( upper and lower Till.

In Hiawatha, Longfellow assigns other cause than glaciers for the boulders found scattered far and wide over the elevated plateau.K of the distant Northwest. You will remember the terrible conflict between Hiavf'atha and his father, Mud-je-kee-wis, when Hiawatha,

*' With ttireatening tools and gesture Laid tiis liand upon the btacli roctt, Upon the fatat Warbeetl laid it, With tits mittens, Blin-jelt-ah-wun, Rent the juttiug crag asunder, Smote and crushed it into fragments, Hurted tliem madly at his father,

But the ruler of the West-Wind Blew the fragments bactcward from him, Witli the breathings of his nostrils, With the tempest of bis anger; Blew them bacls at his assaiiant ;

Scattered throughout Newton, in every direction, especially on the ridges and hills, are found the boulders left by the ice. On the hill-tops and slopes they are or have been very abundant, in full view, the finer material having been washed away, leaving them exposed. The walls built by farmers are composed entirely of these rocks, various in form and material, but showing unmistakable evidences of water action. On the top of the ridge I have referred to, lying between Newton ville and Bullougb's Pond, I found the fragments of a large boulder, a well-worn traveler from some distant crag or mountain-top, stranded, like many another castaway, on a gravelly beach. Also on the southwest slope I found fine specimens of asbestos where another boulder had landed and was slowly and surely crumbling back to dust.

This ridge shut off the pond from the plain on which Newtonville stands, and dammed back its waters when the pond occupied a much greater area than now; but, following the elevation of the land, the water burst through the barrier at the northwest corner, and the greater part escaped where the " Old Mill " now stands. Beyond are beautiful forestcrowned ridges, water-worn hollows and romantic delU, rimmed with shrub and tree, dotted with the trailing vine, the purpling bloom and the flowers nodding in the gentle breeze; dark and sombre in the shadows ; lovely places to wander on a summer's day to study the great problems of life and the changes and growth of this, our terrestrial home.

Hon. David H. Mason

Hon. David Haven Mason, son of John and Mary (Haven) Mnson, was born in Sullivan, N. H., on March 17, 1818. His career offers a shining example of the success of a self-made man, in the deepest significance of that familiar phrase. By his own unaided exertion, by rigid economy, without the assistance of wealthy or influential friends, he procured the means for his professional education, graduating at Dartmouth College in 1841, and entered upon the chosen field of his labors in Boston, Mass., an entire stranger to the city and its institutions. After securing a location at 20 Court Street (now the site of Young's Hotel), and by the purchase of the necessary office furniture with a few elementary law-books, his last dollar was spent. Thus he entered upon his business career without a solitary friend in the city from whom he could claim the privilege of the smallest loan; hut by his untiring energy, industry, sturdy devotion to his profession and fidelity to his clients he soon commanded a respectable and lucrative practice, while by his many honorable and genial traits of character he was rapidly gathering about him a large circle of ardent and appreciative friends.

After several years of tireless devotion to the law he entered the arena of public life and by his administration of the various oflicial positions entrusted to him, whose functions he discharged with admirable judgment, zeal and success, he made his influence felt as a noble public benefactor in Newton, where he resided, in the neighboring city of Boston and throughout the whole Commonwealth. Many of the most useful and important public improvementsof the period in which he was so conspicuous in active oflicial service owe their origin and their successful achievement, with all their untold utility, to his wisdom in preparation and his remarkable skill in execution.

Mr. Mason was a resident of Newton for twentyfive years, and during this entire peril d he was an honored and cherished leader in the educational and social improvement of the community, exercising to a remarkable degree his peculiar faculty of bringing out the good qualities of those with whom he came in contact and greatly enriching his townsmen by this contribution. The precise value of his services to the town of Newton during the long period that he was its counsel and the zealous promoter of its interests can never be estimated and therefore will never receive a just and proper appreciation.

He early won the confidence of his fellow-citizens, and was a very active and influential member of the House of Representatives during the years 1863, '66 and '67. The patriotic Governor John A. Andrew admitted him to his personal intimacy, and often expressed himself by word and letter as leaning with implicit confidence upon the sagacious counsels of his irierid in many important and difficult emergencies.