Ashland City (part 6 of 57)

Judge George Harris Stewart was born in Alexandria, Huntingdon County, Pa., October 9th, 1809, came to Loudonville in 1833, and died Feb. 2nd, 1883, aged 73 years, 3 months and 21 days.

Lake Township. - Mrs. Sarah Hmerick was born in Licking County, Ohio, her maiden name was Green, came to Lake township in 1820, and died at the age of 78 years.

Sparks Bird, Sr., was born in Westmorland County, Pa., Feb. 9th, 1796, came with his parents to Jefferson County, Ohio, in 1803. In 1814 he left the parental roof; in 1815 he visited his uncle, Gen. Reason Beall ; in 1816 he followed up the Beall trail and came to Loudonville and located in Lake township where he lived over 60 years, and

Moliecan Township. - George Ensminger was] born in Franklin County, Pa., and was one of the] first settles in Mohecan township, and died Febii 22nd, 1884, aged 80 years.

Thomas Crone was born m Juniatta County,] Pa., October 27th, 1800, came into this State in] 1840, and into this County in 1843, and died June] 22nd, 1884, aged 83 years, 7 months and 25 days, .1

Nancy Zimmerman was born in Frederick Coun-1 ty, Maryland, November 7th, 1814, came into Ash-; land County in 1852, died May 30th, 1884, a^ed; 69 years, 8 months and 11 days.

Samuel Robinson was born in Pennsylvania,- February 22nd, 1811, had lived in Ashland Coun-- ty over 49 years ; died August 6th, 1884, aged 73 years, 5 months and 14 days.

- Perry Township - Catharine Stover was born in Lancaster County, Pa., Feb. 9th, 1817, came to Ohio 1834, died March 19th, '84, aged (57 years, 1 month and 10 days.

Jonathan Myers was born in Center County, Pa., came to Ashland County at the age of 15, died January 28th, '84, aged 62 years, 6 months and 26 days.

Orange Township. - Jacob Shopbell was born September 29th, 1788, in Berks County. Pa., came to Orange township, then in Richland County in '32, died March 6th, '84, aged 95 years, 5 months and 7 days.

Mary Barrack, daughter of Jacob Shopbell, and wife of Samuel Barrack, was born in Columbia County7, Pa., came with her parents to Orange township 50 years ago, died May 18th, "84, aged 63 years, 10 months and 4 days.

Ruggles Township. - Samuel Snyder was boi in Northumberland, County, Pa., June 5th, '07, and died April 5th, '84, aged 76 years and 10 months.

Clear Creek Township. - Susannah Stahl was' born in Northumberland County, Pa., came witP® her father's famity to Clear Creek township whei but a girl. She was a member of the U. P. church and died Sept. 28th, '83, aged 54 years.

Abel Bailey was born in Westmoreland Co., Pa. Came to Ashland (then Richland county) in l the year 1816. Died Nov. 13. '83, aged 84 years. | He -was a life-long member of the Baptist church, H

Jacob Lehman was a native of Germany, and came to Clear Creek Township with his father's family when a boy. He died March 27, '84, aged J 54 years. He was a member of the Presbyterian) church.

Mrs. Hannah Cisney (whose maiden name was McCurdy) and her father were among the early settlers of Clear Creek Township. Died April 18, '84, aged 71 years.

Milton Township. - John Briggle was born in' W ertenburg, Germany, J une 11, 1797. Came first# to Pennsylvania, then to Ohio, and settled in Milton Township in 1840, and died Jan. 28, '84, a<red 87 years and 17 days.

Mrs. Catharine (Albert) Brubaker was born in Lancaster county, Pa., May 10, 1809. Came to Ashland County and settled in Milton Township in 1825, and died July 14, 1884, aged 75 years, 2 months and 4 days.

Conrad Smith was born in Lancaster county, Pa., Feb. 3, 1783. Moved to Clear Creek Town ship, Ashland County, in 1840, and died in Milton Township, May 20, 1884, aged 101 years, 3 mo. and 17 days.

Montgomery Township. - Mrs. ISTancy Wicks (Vantilburg) was born in Milton Township Dec. 25, 1826, and died in Ashland, April 7, 1884, aged 57 years, 3 months and 12 days.

Dr. Mrs. Phoebe Coffin was born in White Creek, Washington county, N. Y., Dec. 25, 1808. Came to Ohio in the Tall of 1833, died Feb. 24, '84, aged 75 years and 2 months.

Mrs. Mary Cairus (Peters) was born near Carlisle, Cumberland Co, Pa., March 13. 1797. Came to Ashland in 1835. Died Jan. 23, 1884, aged 86 years, 10 months and 10 days.

Stephen Wolf was born in Columbiana county, Ohio, June 19, 1814. Came to Ashland county (then Richland) in April, 1831. Died May 10, 1884, aged 69 years, 10 months and 27 days.

John Philip Kosht was born at East PenusboN ough, Cumberland Co., Pa., March 30, 1797.: , Came to Ashland on the 18th day of May, 1832 Died May 27, 1884, aged 87 years, 1 month and:

Wm. Hanley Widgeon was born near Norfolk/:*: Virginia, Angust 22, 1809. Came to Ohio in atf|p early day. First settled in Marietta, then in Zanes|f| ville, then in Ashland, where he lived a number oil years, and died June 25, 1884, aged 74 years, 10] months and 3 days.

Mrs. Harriet Greenewald (Wilson) was born iu$ | Perry Township, July 16, 1820, and died in Ash- ; j land, Feb. 14, 1884, aged 63 years, 7 months and 9 days.

Dr. Gustavus Osterlein was born in Werten- 1 burg, Germany, Nov. 20, 1804. Came to Ashland in October 1834, and died August 4, 1884, aged 79 years, 8 months and 14 days. I'm

Col. Barnabus Burns was born in Fayette county, Pa., June 20, 1817, and at the age of three years was brought with his father's family to Ashland, then Uniontown, and died in Mansfield, Oct. 12, 1883, aged 66 years, 3 months and 13 days. He studied Grammar and some of the higher branches in the old Ashland Academy. He practiced law in Mansfield for many years. Held many positions of honor and trust. Made the first war speech that was made in Ashland in the spring of 1861. Delivered the annual address of the Ashland County Pioneer and Historical Society in Ashland in August, 1881. His last meeting with us was at the unveiling of the Copus and Ruffner monuments, Sep. 15, 1882. His noble life had been spent in the interests of his country and of humanity. But he sleeps now, and rests from all his labors. Peace to his memory.

Eleventh Annual Meeting Of The Ashland County Pioneer And Iiistorial Association

The above named society met at the Court House in Ashland, Ohio. Tuesday, August 27th, 1885. In the absence of the President, Warring Wolf, Esq., Scott Nelson, Vice President, of Milton Township, was called to the chair who called the meeting to order.

Services were opened by the Richland County Pioneer choir, by singing an old-time song, and prayer by Mr. Seamans, of Hayesville. The Secretary then read his report of the proceedings of the last annual meeting, which on motion was

The Secretary gave notice that he would offer a resolution at the next annual meeting of the society, adding a new article to the constitution, extending the privileges of membership thereof, which will require a residence of twenty years in the County, the applicant being 40 years of age. Also the following preamble and resolution to serve a by -law, was unanimously passed.

Whereas, The Constitution of the County Pioneer and Historical Society residence of 40 years within the present Ashland County, Ohio, in order to become members, and

Whereas, It is desirable to increase the membership of this society in order to replace the many deaths among its members, thereby preventing the necessary dissolution of the society. Therefore, be it

Resolved , That all persons who have resided within the limits of Ashland County for the period of 20 years, and who are 40 years of age shall be eligible to membership. This shall be the rule of this society, until such times as it shall become a part and portion of the Constitution of this society. After some remarks being made on the subject of the above resolution, the meeting adjourned' to a pic-nic dinner in the Court House grove.

On reassembling the Pioneer choir opened the meeting by singing old-time music, -'first by note, | then by words, after which came the exhibition of ' relics, those belonging to the society and the collection previously belonging to Dr. Hill, which has f recently come into the possession of the society.

The above were described by Dr. S. Riddle, who also exhibited many other specimens from the animal, mineral and antiquarian world, and which have been previously noted. By request Dr. Clark, of Ashland, gave an account of certain rocks present, their history, their uses, as well as their distinguishing differences. A Revolutionary British bayonet found in Allegheny was also exhibited. A tea pot 200 years old, cream pitcher, &c., was exhibited by Mrs. Susan MeClintock. A combination knife, fork and spoon, in a single handle, (very old,) and a specimen of Confederate printing was presented to the society bv Mrs. Alanson Walker. Mr. Seamans presented to the society a wooden trencher, ar plate, from his mother's table ; also a teacup and saucers turned from wood. There was also exhibited specimens of prepared birds, coon, mink, gray fox, also deer horns. Wild Mexican ox horns 4 feet, 4 inches from tip to top, <fcc. The following proposition was made to the society and read in the meeting : .

a fine life-like picture of all the members of your association, we would respectfully invite each member of your organization to call at the Teeple galleries, located in the towns of Ashland and Wooster, and have a negative so made free of charge, and from this negative so made there will be one picture presented to your association. We humbly submit the above for your consideration.

It is a matter much to be desired that the likeness of every member be deposited with the society for preservation. After a song by the Pioneer choir, on motion the society proceeded to the election of officers for the ensuing year, when the following were declared duly elected : President,

After the election of officers a general invitation was given the society to meet with the Wayne County Pioneer Society, Saturday, the 29th inst. The meeting of the Ashland County Society are still liberally attended and much interest is still felt by all that attend them. It is hoped that a new change in adding a second class membership, will excite additional interest. In addition to the Richland County Pioneer choir, the reunion of the Franks family, which occurred as a union meeting, though not as largely attended as was expected, gave still more interest to the meeting.

The obituary report is necessariallv delayed in order to perfect it, and will probably be ready for publication next week. On motion the meeting

After the adjournment of the Pioneer meeting, the President of the Franks reunion was called to the chair. After a short historical account of the Franks people, by Dr. S. Riddle, their historian, the chair appointed a committee, consisting of Riley Franks, of Do ylestown, O., S. Riddle, of Ashland, and Aaron Franks, of Apple Creek, O., to visit friends in Fayette Co., Pa., for the purpose of setting on foot a plan by which to erect a Frank's monument in the near future.

A list of the names of pioneers who have died in Ashland county and at other points, who once lived here, since our last Animal Meeting, with a few others who had not been reported at the proper time.

Mifflin Towhship. - John Zehner was born in Schuylkill county, Pa , Dec. 9, 1819. Came to Ashland county when a small boy. Died May 22, 1884, aged 64 years 5 months and three days.

Mrs. Sarah Lattimer was born in Harrison county, Va., Jan. 15, 1814. Came into Ashland coun ty in an early day. Died April 14, 1885, aged 71 years, 2 months and 28 days.

Jacob Ohl was born in Schuylkill Co., Pa., August 18, 1807. Came to this county over 50 years ago. Died Jan. 14, 1885, aged 77 years, 4tnomhs and 26 days.

Mrs. Sarah Vail was born in Green Co., Pa., Jan. 1, 1800. Came with her father. James Copus, to Mifflin township in 1809. Was 12 years old when the Copus tragedy took place. Died on

Mrs. Martha Croninger, whose maiden name was Keefer, and wife of Benjamin Croninger, was born in the state of Maryland, J une 29, 1806. Came with her parents to Harrison county, O., when quite small. Remained there some ten years, then . came to Richland county in 1820. Died August 27, 1885, aged 79 years, 1 month and 28 days.

Green Township. - Elizabeth (Rice) Coulter was born in New Salem, Franklin county, Mass., \ Jan. 27, 1797. Came to Green Township in 1811. ; Died in Perrysville, Dec. 14, 1884, aged 87 years, \ 10 months and 17 days. She was one of the excel- | lent of earth.

Hanover Township. - George Crawford, Jr. was born in 1817. Died Jan. 16. 1885, aged 68 years. He and his father, George Crawford, Sen., cleared nearly all the land where Perrysville now stands.

Vermillion Township - Joseph Duncan was born in Berkes Co., Pa., in 1792. Came to Ohio when a boy, to Wooster when there were but three houses in it, and to Ashland county in 1824. Died Sept. 19, 1877, in his 86th year.

born in Bedford county, Pa. Came first to Massilon, Stark county, thence to Ashland county in 1824, and died.Sept. 15, 1883, aged about 83 years.

Mi*6. Magdalena Beading, whose maiden name was Rittsheim, was born in Meltsheim on the Rhine, Germany, May 14, 1811. Came to Ashland county in 1833. Was married to John Reading March 23, 1835, who was also a native of Germany. She died Aug. 24, 1884, in Hayesville, aged 73 years, 3 months and 9 days.

Mrs. Caroline Bushnell, wife of Thomas Bushnell, was born in Allentown, Lehigh Co., Pa., Sept. 20, 1820. Was the mother of 5 children. Died suddenly April 22, 1885, aged 64 years, 7 months, and 2 days.

Peter Jones Lucas was born near Brook ville, Jefterson Co., Pa , May 26, 1810. Emigrated to Ohio in 1833, and settled in Hayesville, and after several removals, died near that place Dec. 26, 1884, aged 74 years, 7 months and 13 days. He was buried at Lucas, Richland county.

Mr. John Risser was born in Frieddsheim, Bavaria, Dec. 20, 1833. Came with his parents to this county in 1835. Died July 8, 1885, aged 59 years, 7 months and 4 days.

Mrs. Elmira McNeal, Ewing, wife of Samuel Ewing, was born in Asgyle, Washington County, New York, Oct. 24th, '02, came to Hayesville on the 4th of J uly - the day that the corner stone of the College was laid, being in 1853 or 1854, she died J une 22nd, 1885, aged 82 years, 7 months i and 28 days.

Thomas Stafford was born near Steubenville, j Jefferson County, Ohio, September, 16, '15, came to Vermillion township in the fall of '20, died in Hayesville, Aug. 14th, '85, aged 69 years, 10 months and 28 days.

John Sharrick was born in York County, Pa., Nov. 20th, '13, came to Vermillion township when a boy, died Oct. 8th, '84, aged 70 years, 10 months and 18 days.

Mrs. Sarah A. Scott, daughter of Linus and Abiah Hayes, and wife ot W. W. Scott, was born in Trumbell County, Ohio, Sept. 30th, T6, came with her parents to Vermillion township, then Richland County, in '18, was married Oct. 19th, '41, died April 15th, '85, aged 68 years, 6 months and 15 days.

Mohecan Township. - Mrs. Paomi Richey was born in Ontario County, New York, Oct. 19th, '04, came with her parents to Ohio, in '17, and settled in Wayne County, now Ashland, was the mother of 6 children ; had 18 grand-children and 6 great grand children. She died January 2nd, : '85, aged 80 years, 2 months and 13 days.

Mrs. Julia A. Smith was born in Franklin County, Pa., April 22nd, T9, came to Ashland County in '44, died Nov. 18th, '84, aged 65 years, 6 months and 26 days.

Mock, emigated to Ohio and settled in Mohecan township in the spring of '35. He was the father of thirteen children, eight sons and five daughters, all living; had 56 grand -children, 48 great grandchildren and 1 great, great, grand-child. He died Nov. 26th, '84, aged 90 years, 5 months and 26 days.

David Dillier was born in Lebanon County, Pa., April 10th, '13, came to Lake township in '39, died in Mohecan ville Nov. 20th, '84, aged 71 years, 7 months and 10 days.

Michael Otto was born in Pennsylvania, March 8th, '18, came to Mohecan township in '25, died December 22nd, '83, aged 66 years, 9 months and 14 days.

George Humm was born in Alasce, Germany, January 17th, '20, came to America in '53, and to Ashland County in Sept., '56, died December 28th, '84, aged 64 years, 11 months and 11 days.

Thomas Dove was born in Alexandria, Virginia, June 4th, '12, came to Ashland County when about 12 years ot age, died June 15th, '85, aged 73 years and 11 days.

Perry Township. - Mrs. Barbara Lash, wife of Wm. Lash, Sr., was born in Center County, Pa., July 11th, '08, came to Ashland County in '23. She was the mother of 12 children ; had 50 grandchildren and 12 great grand-children, died February 12th, '85, aged 76 years, 7 months and 1 day.

Jackson Township. - Mr. John Byers was born near Fayetteville, Franklin County, Pa.,- March 11th, '03, married Miss Fannie Detwiler, in '27, came to Ashland County in '36, died in Polk, Dec. 22nd, '84, aged 81 years and 9 months.

Jacob Rickenbrod was born in Germany, May | 23rd, '03, was brought to this country when a child, lived in different places until in '47, when he with his family settled in Troy township, died May 11th, '85, aged 81 years, 11 months and 18 days. -

Mrs. Elizabeth Rickenbrod, his wife, was born in York County, Pa., April 23, '05. moved with her parents to Columbiana County, Ohio, when 10 years of age ; was married to Jacob Rickenbrod in '31 , she died Feb. 16th, '85, aged 79 years, 9 \ months and 23 days.

Mrs. Margaret Smith came to Orange township in an early day; died in Iberia, Morrow County, Ohio, April 23, '85, aged 88 years, was brought to Ashland for interment.

Mrs. Margaret Hall, whose maiden name was Ralston, was born in Washington County, Pa., Feb. 11th, '02, came to this County among the first of the Pioneers, died June 9th, '85, aged 83

Thomas Tucker was born in Washington county, Pa., Jan. 12. 1812. Came with his parents to Orange Township in the year 1814. Was the father of 8 children, and died in Butler Township, Richland county. Oct 31, 1884, aged 72 years, 9 months and 19 days

John Ralston, of Savannah, was born in Pennsylvania. Came to Ashland county in an early day. Died May 22, 1884, aged 80 years. Was the first one put in the Ashland vault.

Mrs. Elizabeth Bryte, wife of Elder, John Bryte, and sister of Lieut. Gov. Thos. Ford, was born in Jefferson county, Ohio, May 22, 1806. Came with her father's family to Clear Creek Township when about 12 years of age. She was the mother of 8 children. Had 35 grand children and 18 great grand-children. Died May 25, 1885, aged 79 years and two months.

Mrs. Mary Buchanan, whose maiden name was Cunningham, was bom in Westmoreland Co., Pa. in 1805. Came to Ashland in an early day, and died April 26, 1885, in her 80th year.

Mrs. Caroline Iveever, whose maiden name wag Baum, was born in Lancaster county, Pa., J uly 1^ 1820. Came to Ohio when 9 years old. Was th< mother of ten children. Died Feb. 11, 1885, agec 64 }rears, 7 months and 10 days.

Mrs. Thankful Mercer, wife of Elder A. MercerJ deceased, whose maiden name was Crabbs, wag born near Olivesburg, Richland county. She wg the mother of 14 children, had 24 grand children.5 and 3 great grand children. Died Dec. 27, '84, ii her 68th year.

Mrs. Elizabeth ^STeise was born in Lancaster county, Pa., Jan. 20, 1798. Came to Milton township in an early day. Died March 7, '85, aged Sri years, 1 mopth and 15 days.

Henry Ruth was born in Lancaster Co., Pa.| July 30, 1800. Came into Milton Township, theip Richland County, in the spring of 1837, and died| the 14th day of August, '85, aged 85 years and days.

Montgomery Township. - Mrs. Sophia Deitrick| was born near Hagerstown, Maryland, November; 9th, '07, came to Montgomery township in '47i died in Ashland March 20th, '85, aged 77 ^ months and 17 days.

Grafton White was born in Frederick County, Maryland, April 21st, '14, came to Montgomery township when 13 years of age, died April 5th, '85, aged 70 years, 10 month and 14 days.

Mrs. Mary (Proudfeit) Miller, wife of Lewis E. Miller, was born in Montgomery township, Nov. 23rd, '24, died Oct. 21st, '84, aged 58 years, 10 months, and 28 days.

George Jones was born in Lancaster County, Pa., May 1st, '12, married Miss Lucy Harmon, daughter of Horatio and Lucy Harmon, of Vermont, lived in Ashland a number of years, died Oct., 21st, '84, aged 72 years, 5 months and 20 days.

Benjamin Wolf was born in Columbiana Comity, Ohio, came with his parents to Montgomery township in the spring of '31, died suddenly Sept. 12t.h, *84, aged 67 years.

Mrs. Celia Oldroyd, whose maiden name was May, wife ot Johnston Oldroyd, Esq., deceased, was born in Pennsylvania, came to Ashland County in '40, died Nov. 8th, '84, aged 69 years.

S. Riley Smith was born in Connecticut, came to Ashland in '40, died suddenly of heart disease, near Independance, Richland County, May 18th, '85. aged 61 years, was buried at Ashland.

Mrs. Elizabeth M. Crall, whose maiden name was Melsheimer, and wife of the late Jacob Crall, was born near Getty sburgh, Pa., Feb. 26th, '14, came with her mother to Ashland in the spring of '31, died May 8th, '85. aged 71 years, 2 months and 12 days.

Mrs. Parmelia Whitmore, whose maiden was Anderson, and wife of the late Judge Whitmore, was born in Milton township, March 8th, '23, died June 14th, '85, aged 62 years, 3 months and 6 days.

Mrs. Mary Maise, whose maiden name was Miller, was born in Union County, Pa., came to Ashland County in the spring of '27, was married on the 25th day of December, '27, was the mother of 8 children, all dead but one. She was a member of the Methodist church for many years, died J une f 27th, '85, aged 79 years and 8 months. '

W. K. Thompson was born in Chester County, Pa., October 9th, T4, came to Ohio in '36, and liv- | ed in Ashland County a number of years, was the § father of 11 children, had 20 grand-children and 1 f great grand child, died suddenly May 10th, '85, aged 70 years, 7 month and 1 day.

J. M. Gorham was born at Northampton, Mass., | April 10, 1817. Came to Ashland county in 1833, to Sullivan Township. Was killed by the cars at \ Marion, Ohio, July 22, '85, aged 68 years, 3 months and 12 days.

was born in Decatur | Township, Mifflin county, Pa. Came to Ashland county in 1856. Died in Ashland Aug. 4, '85, aged 58 years, 10 months and 11 days.

Jonas H. Craft was born in Green county, Pa,, . May 27, 1805. Came to Ashland county, Ruggles township, April 2, '48. Died in Ashland Tuesday, Aug. 18, '85, aged 80 years, 2 months and 21 days.

Mrs. Catharine McCullough was horn in Westmoreland county, Pa., Nov. 13, 1802. Iler maiden name was Matthews. She died Oct. 24, '84, aged 81 years.

Andrew Mason, son of Martin and Elizabeth (.Rai (snider) Mason, was horn in Fayette county, Pa.. Feb. 4-, 1809. Came to Orange Township in 1814. Married Mrs. Elizabeth LLeiffner Dec. 30, 1825. Was the father of 13 children, had 32 grand-children. He was an actize member ol the Ashland County Pioneer Society, and was enrolled among its first members. He died on Wednesday evening, Feb. 18, '85, aged 85 years and 14 days. Peaceful be his rest.

Dr. George W. II.il! was born in Marshall county, Va., April 22, 1823. Came with bis parents to Muskingum county, O., in 1824, and to Ashland in 1845. Died Oct. 19, (Sunday) '81, aged 01 years, 5 months and 27 days. Dr. II ill was called to fill a number of important stations in iile which be filled with honor and credit to himself and to the party that placed him there. He was a selfsacrificing student all his life. He was a man who did his own thinking and performed a great deal of mental labor. Wrote the best sketches of Indian history that has ever been produced in this country. Was among the very first who projected the idea of organizing the Ashland County Pioneer Historical Society, wrote its Constitution, was its 10s

Corresponding Secretary and Historian up till the time that he was stricken down with paralysis both of body and mind, when your humble servant was called to fill his place. Peace to his memory.

A Pioneer Talk

There is a vast store of rich material almost untouched lying waiting for some writer who will hold the mirror up to nature and give us pictures of the people and the manners and customs ot early times. What a royal book could be made! We grow so weary of politics, the sham side of religion ; the ruthless clambering after high places ; the desperate struggles for riches and fame and honor ; men standing on other men's necks to elevate themselves. Oh, sometimes, if it were not so sentimental and so like twaddle, or the talk of whispering lovers, we could cry out in the language of Moore :

There is not half the material nowadays for the manufacture of readable stories and sketches there was in pioneer times. We are surprised when we think the field over. How fresh and charming ' and breezy were the stories written by Eggleston, :.

The stories that are the simplest and most natural and that cuddle the closest to Nature's great, warm, true heart are the best. Their narration brings the quick, hearty laugh and the sudden mist of tears the soonest. Bret Harte may, in his strange, bold way, bring out wonderful words, pictures of heroism, history may tell of great men who sacrificed their lives in a fury of enthusiasm, forgetting everything only the fame that was to follow after. But in our own humble opionion we do believe God and the angels have looked down and beheld the truest, heroes in the lowliest walks of humble life. Oh, we bare our heads in the presence of our grandees ; we bow graciously, we smile and fawn upon them because they are great. The richest carpet is spread for them to walk upon from the doorway to the glittering carriage in the street ; we beg for their autographs ; we look after them adoringly and we sigh when they are gone and we read glowing accounts of where they go and how they are received and the honors that are heaped upon them, and our hearts warm with exultation. We call these our heroes. We believe the heroism hidden in the commonest walks of life, and perhaps not known beyond the horizon's rim, not read about, nor sang about, nor talked about, and scarcely known or dreamed of by the nearest neighbors, is the grandest example of brave courage and devotion that there is. In pioneer times such heroes were found in every neighborhood. They were not shrined, neither did they stand on pedestals. They sat on benches at their looms, and on rickety chairs close up to their little wheels, and from early dawn until bedtime they made music ; the music of the flying shuttle and the bang- ing of the lathe, the buzzing oi the flyers, and the fine metalic ring of the sharp teeth of the hackle. They dressed in clothing that they had manufactured themselves, and they clad their husbands and their children in the same. The heroism of these wonderfully energetic women will never be known, because they know it not themselves. We may talk of the spirit of our missionary women and laud them, but no deed of theirs can com* pare with the self-denial of these managing, planning, contriving, over- tasked, active fore-mothers of ours. Their creative ability was marvellous. Their generalship was splendid. Their strategy and maneuvers and devices without a parallel. A nd yet, revering their memory as we do, cherishing the bold, brave, beautiful examples they have left us, we cannot but lament the sad heritage they bequeathed likewise.

These noble grandmothers and mothers wrought with hands and brain ; they toiled beyond their strength, they used up the vitality that they should have shared with us - their defrauded bodies. They robbed us, and the consequences abide with us today. We have white faces and flabby muscles and are short of health, and we have to coax ourselves to walk up hill, and then we hold a hand on our side and gasp. Instead of springing out of a wagon or off the side saddle, or from the top rail of the fence, we creep down as though we carried a set of china or a basket of imported eggs They would have run up stairs three steps at a clip if they'd only had the stairs. As it was, "they tripped up the ladder that stood in t+re corner, carrying a bushel of corn or twelve dozen skeins of flax thread with the ease that one of us would carry a glove box. We know one mother who died at middle age with a flush as of roses on her lips and her cheeks and a sunny sparkle in her eyes, and her glossy brown hair smoothed back from her white forehead. She lay down to sleep and to dream at night and the sleep came in the twinkling of an eye, but it was the dreamless slumber of death, and the word went forth that she died of heart disease - a very pretty name by which to designate such sudden calls of death, such untoward freaks of Providence. But her bereft family knew the limits of a life spent in over- work, an energy that knew no boundaries at all. She had said, uNow I will make fifty linen sheets for ourselves and then I will quit spinning and weaving. That was two hundred and fifty yards of linen. Any one who has raised flax and carried it through the stages prescribed, will know what that means. Kaisfng, pulling, spreading, ratting, gathering into bundles, then breaking, scutching; hackleing, spinning, boiling the skeins in ashes and water, spooling, warping and weaving. Then comes the bleaching out on the grass in March and April and the web is ready for use. Besides the stores of family and bed and table linen she wanted the filly home-made linen sheets to lay aside for herself and husband in their old age and after the children were all married and settled in Fife. Poor, short sighted woman ! She died before half the number were made. Her husband, a young man, was left disconsolate with five little children between the ages of fourteen and four. What an absurd mistake she made! And the linen sheets. The cold, clinging, clammy things. Well, the daughters-in-law cut them up and used them for baby linen and tea towels and dish rags, with never a thought of what they cost. And the sons-in-law wipe their bearded faces and tidy about their ears with the towels made out of them, and instead of thinking that the life of a noble but unwisely energetic woman was twisted up into the nicely spun woof and warp, and the fine gold of it beaten up into the flossy fabric, they scrub diligently, thinking of the sharp bargains they make in swapping horses, perhaps getting a good, two year colt for an old crowbait with its bony back thatched over with newspapers.

Jf there is one thing in this life that we sorrow over more than another, it is to see energy - that great lever that moves the world - misspent, poured out wastefullj. Our possibilities for accomplishing good and great works are wonderful and we have no right to trifle them away and spend our time making over-much provision for our perishable bodies. Why, the very time devoted to making pies, if spent oirt in the woods under the gracious roof of gold and green, when days are long and skies are bright, and woods are green and fields are breezy, would tend to make one fresh and active and interesting, and to grow mellow in a kindly way. So many lives dwarfed and disappointed, and in complete owe their failure to the wearing of the shackle that they impose upon themselves. They seem to glory in their manacles They hug their thralldom. We say to such :

Sometimes we wonder if our own township is an - exception in its wealth of story making material. Every old cabin hearth stone holds a story, sometimes wonderful, sometimes tragical, and sometimes stranger than fiction. Away off in the woods on our way to and from the school we taught long ago we used to sit and dream and rest awhile on a heap of old hearth stones, the birthplace of a poor little boy who, when he came up to manhood, re- ceived the appointment of Foreign Minister. His father made baskets and trays and half-bushels, and his mother spun sewing thread and hackled flax and colored coperas and rocked her babies in a sugar trough. What to them was poverty ? Contentment disarmed of its sting. Their wants were few. There was no aristocracy in those early days. When the women wanted to visit neighbor Prudence and have a good social time and not tax the poor family, they took provisions with them. One would take half a-quarter of tea and a pitcher of cream, another a loaf of bread and a roll of butter, another some maple syrup or wild honey, with venison or pork or raised corn bread or doughnuts, always carrying a good deal more than was needed, and th,en the woman wThose honored guests they were could get up a plain meal without any embarrassment whatever.

At the time we used to indulge in these dreams, William wTas abroad an honor to the nation he represented, and perhaps many a time in his faraway, political home, there came up before him the shady little nook in the wildwood, with its rich undergrowth of cool ferns and mosses and leaves mingling in wild luxuriance. Oh, such examples are so encouraging to pool* boys. Energy and perseverance with a character based on good sound principles can accomplish anything. And how true and full of exaltation comes to such the ranging song of the sweet minstrel girl, Alice Carey. Her own soul alive with the inspiration that thrilled herself and others when she sang and his wife and her sister comprised the family. It was the bleak November time, when the rains seem to have a sobbing sound and the winds cry about the leaves, and the dead vines swing. mournfully, and the waters drip like tears from the dead leaves. The husband was away at the mill down at Shrimplins, and would not get home till late that night. The two women sat conversing over the embers. One subject only was in their thoughts, and that was "There will be no dress for the babv." Now did anybody ever hear of a wideawake woman who couldn't see her way through or over or under or around the obstacles in her path? purely not. The husband came home late, ate his corn bread and milk, buried the glowing coals and went to bed. Away in the night the young wife woke her sister with uBet, 'say Bet, I've studied it out. Iiark'ee ! Early in the morning he will kill Old Nan, for what's the use o' keepin' just one sheep, poor, lonesome creetur', and me an you'll go to work an we'll make a bit o' flannel out o' the fleece, an' that'll be the very daddle for a good, warm, soft baby dress. Don't ye see, Bet? ' Poor, sleepy Betsy. We don't know whether she saw it or not, but she acquiesced with a drowsy " eh, heh." He killed the sheep bright and early the next morning. The two sisters picked off the wool nicely and carded, spun, put the infantile web into the loom and wove it that dayman d evening, and at night they cut out the dearest little coatie and made it before they went to bed. There wasn't much margin left to boast of, because the next day's dawn found a sturdy little man child taking the tailor out of the brannew coatie. A little sprout of a pioneer with round, red fists and heels that tested the new llanriONEER HISTORICAL SOCIETY.

Sixty years ago a poor boy in Green Township used to get up very early winter mornings, when the snow lay dee]) and white upon the ground, and as he flipped his home-knit suspenders over his shoulders he peered out between the eraeks of his cabin home and whispered through his chattering teeth, '"Jinks, do b'lieve I see tracks!" Then despile the cold he clad his feet in his father's old boots and sallied out to hunt rabbits. That boy wanted an education, lie needed one of the first requirements - a spelling book. If it had been summer time he could have dug ginseng or columbo roots and sold them. But the winter season locked uj) this only resource, and all he could do was to catch rabbits and sell the skins for one cent apiece. Forty rabbit skins would buy a spelling book, a nice one with a good wooden back to it. That man died worth one hundred thousand dollars. And this was the stuff that pioneer men were made of. Those were clo^e times when rabbit skins and ginseng roots and wolt scalps and whisky* were'curreney. We often take down from the top shelf in the library a homely old leathercovered account book of our grand lat her's and father's, and look over the items of trade. In the way of a deal, our dear old ancestors once obtained a barrel of the currency of those times, whisky, which he used to deal out, we presume, to the best advantage. This was over 0(3 years ago. One page in a clear, bold, graceful style of penmanship runs thus: Dr. John Smith, dr.

And then the mother and wife came, a pale-faced sad woman and her tears stopped the flow of currency. And our heart is glad when we look the old book over and follow the track of that barrel of whiskey, peddled out and discover that not the man vpho sold it nor one of those who bought it are represented today by one bloated face or pussy form, or red nose, or blear eye. We thank God for that signal favor. If ever our dead grandfather helped to foster the love for strong drink in any one whose tainted blood was inherited today by a weak son or grand-son, we'd root out and wash out the foul curse, with our prayers and our tears. The John Smith referred to has three sons elderly men, and because of the father's bad example, and the mother's tender watchfulness, her careful early training and early teaching. Every man of them is a strictly moral man advocating total abstinanee. So we sit down and look the old book over as calmly as we would turn through Watt'6 hymns; but if he'd had a distillery and one of our beautiful springs hidden in a green gush in a hillside had been perverted to such a base use, its sweet gushing waters made accursed and instrumental to the degredation of his fellowmen, our poor shamed face would have been bowed today, with marks of Cain on the forehead.

There always was a charm to us in the relation of the incidents of pioneer life. It is so good to hear about those who have passed away, and are passing away. People Just like ourselves in all their loves and hates, their hopes and fears, their aims and aspiration.

How often we hear these people say : "we never were so happy as when we lived in the cabin. I can't make such corn bread as I used to make, and oh how I would like a taste* of the nice corn cake I used to bake, on a clean shingle, tilted up before the fire with a flat-iron back of it. What a sweet crisp cake it was and how nutty the fine flavor." No elegant parlor can have that air of cosiness that had the one room in the cabin home. How high the beds did puff up. How neat the pile of bed clothes looked heaped upon an old arm chair, or box, or something between the windows folded just as evenly as possible. The little miiror was i the one nice thing in the house. Across its top wound a string of the shells of bird eggs, and a spray of asparagras drooped over like dainty mist. Under the glass hung a snow-white towel ironed in the most perplexing and abstruce folds and checks and diamonds and octagons. A very precise pincushion hung over the white towel so as to show to the best advantage ; sometimes the bullet pouch hung inside of it. The dresses and skirts turned ; best side out hung on pegs around the walls. The | old bereau if there was one had a cloth netting and I fringe around it, and the band-box containing the j Sunday bonnet held its place of honor on the top of it. The gun lav in hooks upon a joist over head. If there was a fiddle in the family it dozed in a green baize bag from a nail beside the window. The dresser stood in one corner with a scant supply of delf; one whole shelf devoted to the cups and saucers which were ranged in a row, every cup standing on the bottom of a saucer. The ladder stood in the other corner, and a wide fire place filled almost one end of the cabin. Overhead hung bags of seeds and hops and roots, and the poles suspended by leather thongs above the heads of

But you all remember these old-time things. Some of you women will recall the satisfied feeling you had at night, after a hard day's work, when you sat with the baby on your lap, swaying in the easy old chair that creaked out a weake-wock-weakewock, and you sat and sang little aimless odds and ends of camp meeting songs, your thoughts far away and as you looked up and surveyed the little stores, you felt gratified that everything was in order, kept with an eye to economy and neatness.

Oh, not Tiches nor fine clothing, nor grand furni- ] ture, nor any of these things can bring back that sweet sense of enjoyment that was yours in your humble little home.

On a birthday occasion, an old pioneer dined with us a few years ago. We were telling what roused our anger soonest, and with a gurgling musical laugh, the old man said, ''nothing ever made me madder than when I used to plow out in the clearings. My shins were all bundled up with bits of sheep skins so I could endure the blows of the little roots that spiing up with such v.engeful force when cut olf by the plow share, and yet many and many a time I swore in spite of me. I was called a good Methodist and tin* Lord knows I tried to be a Christian and a good man. I had a great deal of very substantial praying to do for myself." On the same pleasant occasion, another old pioneer related a funny incident on himself.

He was a young farmer who held the position of drum major in the militia. He didn't know every thing. The crows were very troublesome, pulling up his corn. One day when he was plowing it, he "shooed" at them and waved his hat, and threw clods, and finally a master idea entered his mind : he could get his drum and drum them away. He could sling it over his shoulder and carry it with him, and how much nicer that would be, and so genteel too, and such a patriotic way of protecting his crop. When opportunity offered he turned his back to the old horse and struck up the strain of Yankee Doodle, just as if he were at General Muster. The result was that the horse didn't concur with this new departure, and kicking up its heels it ran off' and broke the plow and the harness and helped to scare away more crows than did the man with the new idea. The narrative of this incident was never drusick, but once and then he was out on the creek in a canoe with his friends and fell overboard. The splash in the water roused him a little and he felt a touch of shame and humiliation and tried to take his own part, when they dragged him back in the canoe. He fumbled around and found one of his suspender buttons was gone. "There," said he, "ding it all, how could a fellow help failin' in right backwards, when his gallus give way suddent?" We used to visit at his home a good deal. Such boistrous boys and girls we never saw to play black-man, and ball, and shinny, and silly bang, and poison, and steal partner. The mother would let us all turn summersaults on her bed, and the father would let us slide all in a row down the sides of the straw stacks, no matter if the straw all scooted down to the ground. And they would let us boil chestnuts in the tea kettle, and roast potatoes in the ashes, after night, and have all the nice butter we wanted to eat with them. And in improvising plays and theatricals they allowed 11s the use of all the wearing apparel the house afforded. The old mare was free tor any tour of us to ride at one time, out on the race course, which was round and round the house. How we longed to exchange mothers with the jolly little ones of this favored family. She scolded frequently to be sure, and declared that the terrible racket would kill her, but her husband, the drum major, assured us in homely language that "her bark was wuss nor her bite."

How the little mother would scold sometimes. She'd say : "Andre Jackson you and Thomas Jefferson and Jonathan Edwards git right off o' that table! or Peter Cartright you're swingin' on that trammel again ; first thing you know down it'll come and hurt Martha Washington or Molly Stark, or John Wesley ; or Mary Magdelene, that's not the first time l kitchece you you eatin' crout by tae handful right out'n the bar'l."

When the little woman died a dozen years ago, were glad the old drummer didn't ask us to write an obituary. JN'o language could have expressed our thoughts. We loved her dearly. We are indebted to her.

A few days ago the men who were working with plow and scraper removing the gravelly little knoll on the bank of the creek at the edge of our village, brought to surface some human bones. There was the sturdy thigh bone, the arm, the ribs and finally the bold square jaw of the resolute old red man, the teeth worn down as though tor a century he had eaten his tough venison seasoned with sand. And then came a shelly bit of a woman's skull, and her jaw tight and more delicately fashioned by far than was that of the old slumberer who had shared her dreamless couch so many, many years. This incident impressed us forcibly. The fine quality of gravel in which lay for so long the bones of these unknown savages, was discovered to be just the thing needed on the principal street in our village, JNTo doubt the old chieftain selected that breezy knoll, on the banks of the then beautiful and freely flowing stream under the magnificent trees that crowned its summit, for at that time the fertile valley had not been trodden by the foot of the bold pioneer. Whoever selected that spot had an eye for the beautiful in nature, and had the same thought that comes to us when we meditate on the last sad and closing scenes. Who knows! may be the poor old chieftain love that pretty knoll as we did in our earl}7 years, and he may have dreamed there in saddened mood of the tide of civilization that was slowly coming nearer and ! nearer to crowd aside his people even as they had obliterated the mound builders, and in turn possess their vast hunting grounds.

So the little knoll is profitable and according to one of nature's immutable laws, the Indian's grave and its mouldering contents will live anew in a highway to be trodden under the foot of man and hereafter whoever drives down main street, may grind his carriage wheels upon the bones that are turning to dust. And the old chieftain's yellow teeth may be picked up any day and find a lodgment in the pocket of the little street Arab's ragged jacket.

It is related that an apple tree planted on the grave of Roger Williams, the founder of the State of Rhode Island who died in 1683, that the roots of the tree struck down and spread out into the shape and figure of the man, following his arms and legs and trunk. So that learned men familiar with the mysteries of nature and her strange metamorphoses, declare that Roger Williams passed into an apple tree, and lives again on this earth in another form that of red-cheeked juicy apples. ^ The statue of Sir Robert Peel, a \^ery eminent British statesman, was melted over to make one for Lord Palmerston. We need not shudder at these things, for nature set the first example. With her there is no death, no decay, nothing repulsive. When Hamlet spoke of turning the clay of Alexender into the bung of a beer barrel, he spoke the naked truth. The heathen gods, even vaguely, penetrated this great mystery, as those familiar with mythology will remember. But at first when the old mound was opened and its sacred treasures brought to the surface by plow and scraper, "we" almost rebelled. We woke in the morning after, and walked out under the pines and looked down that lovely sweep of picturesque valley below us and we sighed as the words of the old quaker poet Whittier came, as though borne to us on the breath of the serene summer's dawn.

The words followed us about our work ; they seemed so sad ; they expressed so much. We thought of the poor old pioneers who had beheld this vast wilderness slowly laying otf, its primeval wildness, its grandeur of woods and waters, until now it blooms like unto the gardens of the gods. IIow beautiful the labor of their hands ! How much we owe them ! But the olden time, with its white crowned patriarchial heads is passing away. The glory of one age is dimmed in the golden glory of the age succeeding it. Change stamps its seal upon all things. The trail ot the red man will soon be lost in the net-work of rail roads, that like great arteries stretch themselves among our beautiful hills and smiling valleys. The green graves mul - tiply. The old graves dimple the quietest corners of our cemeteries. And still the words, full of prophecy thjt makes us sadder, abide with us, and burn with our thoughts :

The Prediction Fulfilled

Mr. Graham's History ot Richland County contains a full and authentic account of the massacre of the Zimmer family and Martin Ruffner, as well as the fiercely fought Copus battle. To its pages we refer the reader who seeks further information concerning the facts upon which McGaw's romance is built.

In these pages wTe shall confine ourselves to a brief history of the events that took place on historic ground just seventy years after the tragic scenes and incidents that gave birth to this work were enacted.

On page 180, the author indulges in a vague prediction ; but on page 391 he utters a prophecy, every word of which time has fulfilled, as follows :

"And future generations will mark the sacred spot where the gallant Dutchman fell. A monument will yet be erected to his memory, and posterity will visit his grave and read the history of his untimely fate." about mainly through the Ashland County Pioneer Society and its Historian, Dr. S. Riddle. In the summer of 1881, this gentleman in his periodical visits throughout Ashland and Richland counties, called at the home of Sebastian Culler, in Mifflin township, reference was made to the Ruffner Zimmer traged}\ Riddle expressed a desire to see the burial place of these pioneers, when Mr. Culler conducted him to it. The lormer (Riddle) then expressed the wish that the spot be better marked in order that it be not forgotten, whereupon Mr. Culler replied : "If your Pioneer Society will erect a suitable monument to the memory of the Zimmers and Ruffners, I will surround it with a suitable fence and see that the plot of ground is properly taken care of."

On August 18, 1881 the matter was brought to the notice of the Ashland Pioneer Society, but no action was taken until the special meeting on Sep. 10, 1881, held in the grove of Sebastian Culler (the old Zimmer place) when Dr. Riddle proposed that there be erected a monument to Rulfner and the Zimmers and one to Copus and the murdered soldiers. Subsequently Miss Rosella Rice, ofPeriysvi lie, suggested that Johnny Appleseed's name be also engraven upon the Copus stone, and the suggestion was approved and carried into effect.

Resolved That we erect suitable monuments to the memory of those pioneers and soldiers who were killed by the Indians in the fall of 1812, and buried in Mifflin township. Unanimously adopted.

A committee was then appointed to take charge of the funds as follows : Daniel Kauffman, Benjamin Croninger and Solomon Yail, of Mifflin township. S. Riddle and Major G. W. Urie, of Montgomery township. S. Riddle was then appointed to superintend the canvass, both in Ashland and Richland counties. The committee having finished the casvass, met at Ashland June 10, 1882, and a committee to select the monuments was appointed, consisting of Daniel Kauffman. Benjamin Croninger, Solomon Yail, G. W. Urie, and S. Riddle. A contract was then entered into, for two monuments. with Jacob I. Dorland, of Ashland, at $300, and $50 dollars of a donation by the builders, Mr. Dorland and George Kerr. Of this sum the people of Richland county contributed $125.10, the list of contributors having been published in the Mansfield Herald of Oct. 12, 1882.

The date for the unveiling of the Ruffner-Copus monuments was fixed for Friday, Sep. 15, 1882, and preparations were made for what was expected would be a memorable day in the history of Ohio.

The expectations of the committee were more than realized. Early in the day the people began to arrive at Copus Hill from every direction, afoot and in every imaginable kind of conveyance, until fully six thousand people had assembled in the forest overlooking the scene of the Copus battle. The day was calm and beautiful ; one of those pleasant fall days, and the thousands present came with baskets well filled for the occasion. One long to be remembered, and one of the most remarkable that ever occurred or perhaps ever will occur in the history of our country, to see so many people and so many teams and vehicles pass over those rugged steeps without a single accident. Surely the hand of Providence was in all this.

By Rosella Rice

John Chapman was born in the year 1775, at or near Springfield, Mass. In the latter years of the last century, or beginning of the present, he, with his half-brother, Nathaniel Chapman, came to Ohio, and stayed a year or two, and then returned to Springfield, and moved their father's family to Marietta, Ohio. Soon after that, Johnny located in Pennsylvania, near Pittsburg, and began the nursery business, and continued it on westward. His father, Nathaniel Chapman, was twice married. The children of the first wife were John, Lucy and Patty. The girls married and remained in the east. The children of the second marriage were Nathaniel, Perley, Persis, Abner, (a mute), Mary, Jonathan (likewise a mute), Davis and Sally. Johnny's father, Nathaniel, Sr., moved from Marietta to Duck Creek where he lived until his death, and was buried there. Johnny often visited them and gathered seeds there. The Chapman family and relatives are scattered through Ohio and Indiana. Four of Johnny's half-sisters were living when the monument was raised to his memory, or his name engraved on the Copus monument in 1882. We have good authority for saying that he was born in the year 1775, and his name was John Chapman, not Jonathan, as it is generally called. He was an earnest disciple of the faith taught by Emanuel Swedenborg, and claimed that he had conversation with spirits and angels. In the bosom of his shirt he always carried a Testament and one or two old volumes of Swedenborg's works These he rend dailv. He was a man rather above middle statue, wore his hair and beard long and dressed oddlv. lie generallv wore old clothes that he had taken in exchange for the one commodity in which he dealt, - apple trees. He was known in Ohio as early as 1811. Dr. Hill says in 1801, an old uncle of ours, a pioneer in Jefferson county, Ohio, said the first time he ever saw him (Johnny) he was going down the river in 1806 with two canoes lashed together and well laden with apple seeds which he had obtained at the cider presses of western Pennsylvania. Sometimes he carried a bag or two of seeds on an old horse, but more frequently he bore them on his back, going from place to place on the wild frontier, clearing a little patch, surrounding it with a rude enclosure and planting seeds therein. He had little nurseries all through Ohio, Pennsylvania and Indiana. If a man wanted trees and was not able to pay for them, Johnny took his note, and if the man ever got able and was willing to pay the debt, he took the money thankfully; but if not, it was well. Sometimes he took a coat, one of which we remember of having seen. It was a sky-blue, light, very fine, firm and soft, maid in the prevailing Quaker style, with bright silver -looking buttons on it, two rows as large at least as silver dollars. Some way the button holes were out of sight, hidden by a fold perhaps. The coat was a choice wedding garment of a wealthy young Quaker, and in time, prosperity and its attendant blessings made the young man grow rotund in statue, and the coat did not fit. Then he had loops put on it, and finally he traded it to Johnny for trees; and Johnny's home was at my grand- father's, and by that means the coat came into our family and hung by the year, on a peg up stairs. I can remember how Johnny looked in his queer clothing, - combination suit, as the girls of nowadays would call it. He was such a good, kind, generous man, that he thought it was wrong to expend money on clothes to be worn just for their fine appearance. He thought if he was comfortably clad, and in attire that suited the weather, it was sufficient. His head covering was often a pasteboard hat ot his own making, with one broad side to it, that he wore next the sunshine to protect his face. It was a very unsightly object to be sure, and yet never one of us children ventured to laugh. We held Johnny in tender regard. His pantaloons were old and scant and short, with some sort of a substitute for "gallows" or suspenders. He never wore a coat unless it was in the winter time, and his feet were knobby and horny and frequently bare. Sometimes he wore sandals instead - rude soles with thong fastenings. The bosom of his shirt was always pulled out loosely so as to make a kind of pocket or pouch in which he carried his books. We have seen Johnny frequently wearing an old coffee sack for a coat, with holes cut in it for his arms.

All the orchards in the white settlements came from the nurseries of Johnny's planting. Even now all these years, and though this region is densely populated, I can count from my window no less than five orchards or remains of orchards that were once trees taken from his nurseries. Long ago if he was going a great distance and carrying a sack of seeds on his back he had to provide himself with a leather sack, for the dense underbush, brambles and thorny thickets would have made it unsafe for a coffee sack. I remember distinctly of falling over one of Johnny's well filled sacks early one morning immediately after rising. It was not light in the room, at the head ot the stairs and it was not there when 1 went to bed the night before. It seems that he arrived at niglu, and for safe keeping the sack was put up stairs, while he lay beside the kitchen fire. I never saw him sleep in a bed. He preferred to lie on the floor with his poor old horny feet to the fire. L have often wandered how he carried that sack of seeds.

I should think there was at least a bushel and a half in it and was so full that instead of being tied and leaving something for a hand hold it was sewed up snugly and one end was as smooth and tight as the other. It must have been as hard to carry as a box of the same size. I have heard my father say, however, that Johhny always carried a forestick or any big stick for the fireplace on his hip, so it may be that it was the way he carried that ungainly burden.

In 180(5 he planted sixteen bushels of seed on an old farm on the Walhonding river, and he planted in Licking County, Ohio, and Richland county, and had other nurseries further west. One of his nur- 1 series is near us, and I often go to the secluded spot on the quiet banks of the creek shut in by sycamore trees, with the sod never broken since the poor old man did it. And when I look up and see the wide out-stretched branches over the place like out-spread arms in loving benediction, I say in a reverent whisper, "Oh the angels" did commune with the good old man, whose loving heart prompted him to go about doing good.

Though my mother was very kind, she liked fun - liked to tease big, overgrown boys, and make them say funny things, and writhe and twist rather than confess or make a fair answer. I often recall one time that she so far transgressed as* to lease -Johnny. He was holding the baby on his lap, -chirruping to the little fellow, when my mother asked him it he would not be a happier man if he were settled in a home of his own and had a family to love him? He opened his eyes very wide

(they were remarkably keen, penetrating gray eyes, almost black) and replied in a manner, the words of which I cannot repeat, but the meaning was, that all women are not what they profess to be, that some of them were deceivers and a man might not marry the amiable woman that he thought he was getting after all.

Now we had always heard that Johnny had loved oiifce upon a time, and that his lady love had proven false to him. Then he said one time he saw a poor, friendless little girl who had no one to care for her, and he found a home for her, and sent her to school, and meant to bring her up to suit himself and when she was old enough he intended to marry her. He clothed her and watched over her ; but when she was fifteen years old, he called to see her once unexpectedly, and found her sitting beside a young man with her hand in his listening to his silly twaddle.

I peeped over at Johnny while he was telling this story, and young as I was, I saw his eyes grow dark as violets and the pupils enlarge, and his voice rise up in denunciation, while his nostrils dilated and his thin lips worked with emotion. How angry he grew. He thought the girl was basely ungrateful. After that time she was no protege of his.

On the subject of apples he was very charmingly enthusiastic. One would be astonished at his beautiful description of excellent fruit. I saw him once at the table when I was very small, telling about some apples that were new to us. His description was poetical, the language remarkably well chosen. It could have been no finer had the whole of Webster's Unabridged, with all its royal vocabulary been fresh upon his ready tongue. I stood back of mother's chair, amazed, delighted,

He was scrupulously honest. I recall the last time we ever saw his sister, a very ordinary woman, the wife of an easy old gentleman, and the mother of a family of handsome girls. They had started to move west in the winter season, but could move no farther after they reached o^r house. To help them along and to get rid of them, my father made a queer, little, one-horse vehicle on runners, hitched their poor caricature of a beast to it, helped them pack and stow therein their bedding and a few movables, gave them a stock of provisions and five dollars, and sent the whole kit on their way rejoicing. And that was the last we ever saw of our poor neighbors.

The next time Johnny came to our house he very promptly laid a five dollar bill on my father's knee and shook his head very decidedly when it was handed back. Neither could he be prevailed upon to take it back again.

He was never known to hunt any animal or to give any living thing pain ; not even a snake. One time when overtaken bv night while traveling he crawled into a hollow log and slept till morning.

In the other end ol the log was a bear and her cubs. Johnny said he knew the bear would not hurt him, and that there was room enough for all.

The Indians all liked him and treated him very kindly. They regarded him from his habits as a man above his fellows. He could endure pain like an Indian Warrior ; could thrust pins into his flesh without tremor. Indeed so insensible was he to acute pain that treatment of a wound or sore, was to sear it with a hot iron and then treat ft as a burn. He ascribed great medical virtues to the fennel, which he found probably in Pennsylvania. The overwhelming desire to do good and benefit and bless others, induced him to gather a quantity of the seed, which he carried in his pockets, and accasionally scattered along his path in his journeys, especially at the waysides, near dwellings. Poor old tnan ! He inflicted on the farming population a positive evil, when he sought to do good, for the rank fennel with its pretty, but pungent blossom, lines our roadsides and borders our lanes, and steals into our door-yard, and is a pest second to the daisy.

The last time we saw Johnny was .one summer day when we were quilting up stairs. A door opened out upon the ground, and he stood Jhis little bundle on the sill and lay down upon the floor, resting his head on the parcel. Then he drew out of his bosom one of his old dingy books and read aloud to us.

In 1838 he resolved to go further on. Civilization was making the wilderness to blossom like the rose. Villages were springing up, stage coaches laden with travellers were common, schools were everywhere, mail facilities were very good, frame and brick houses were taking the places of the humble cabins ; and so Johnny went around among all his friends and bade them farewell. The little girls he had dandled upon his knees, and presented with beads and gay ribbons, were now mothers and the heads of families. This must have been a sad task for the old man, who was then well stricken in years, and one would have thought that he would have preferred to die among his friends. He came back two or three times to see us all in the intervening years that he lived ; the last time was in the year that he died, 1845. In the Spring of that year, one day after travelling twenty miles, he entered the hou6e of an acquaintance in Allen county, Indiana, and was as usual, cordially received. He declined to eat any thing except some bread and milk, which he ate, sitting on the door step occasionally looking out towards the setting sun.

Before bed time he read from his little books "fresh news right from heaven," and at the usual hour for retiring he lay down upon the floor, as was his invariable custom. In the morning the beautiful sight supernal was upon his countenance, the death angel had touched him in the silence and the darkness* and though the dear old man essayed to speak, he was so near dead, that his tongue refused its office. The physician came and pronounced him dying, but remarked that he never saw a man so perfectly calm and placid, and he inquired particularly concerning Johnny's religion. His bruised and bleeding feet worn walk the gold paved streets of the New Jerusalem, while we so bpokenly and crudely narrate the sketch of his life. A life full of labor and pain and unselfishness, humble unto self-abnegation, his memory glowing in our hearts, while his deeds live anew every spring time in the fragrance of the apple-blossoms he loved so well.

P. S. From some intimations dropped by him at Mansfield and other points it is believed that he was regularly ordained bv the disciples of Sweedenborg, and sent west as a missionary. Some expressions of his when Rev. Adam Paine, a sort of Lorenzo Dow was once preaching on the public square in Mansfield, O., confirm this impression, in winding up an eccentric discourse on the sin of pride. Paine called out "Where now is your bare footed pilgrim on his way to heaven?" Johnny holding up his bare pedals exclaimed "Here he is!" A repetition of all the anecdotes concerning this strange wanderer would fill a volume. He was just as happy in the solitudes of the forest communing with the author of all, as he lay gazing at the stars, where he could almost see the angels, as in the midst of his nurseries or among the pioneers.

"How and where did he die?" He died at the house of William Worth, in St. Joseph township, Allen county, Ind., March 11, 1845, was buried in the garb he wore. Hon. J. W. Damson's letter to the Fort Wayne Sentinel 1871. He was buried in David Archer's grave yard two miles and a half north of Fort Wayne near the foot of a natural mound and a stone set up to mark the place where he sleeps.

Source changes here: from History of Ashland County, Ohio, by Baughman, A. J. (Abraham J.), published 1909; 405,198 words in this source stream.

The S. J. Clarke Publishing Co

The reproduction of this book has been made possible through the sponsorship of The Ashland County Chapter of the Ohio Genealogical Society, Ashland, Ohio.

Preface

having written the history of Richland county, which was published in 1908, by the S. J. Clarke Company, of Chicago, I was engaged by the same firm to write a history of Ashland county. Next to old Richland, Ashland county I hold in the highest sentimental regard for my grandfather, Abraham Baughman was one of the first settlers in Green township, now in Ashland county, having settled near the Indian village of Greentown, when there was not another white settler in the Blackfork valley; there too my father, Jacob Baughman, was reared.

While introductory reference maj^ be given of the early settlement of the territory of which Ohio is now a part, the main object of this work is to give the history of Ashland county from its erection in 1846 to the present time.

The bibliography of the Ashland county p re-historic earthworks will be given with a chapter upon the Mound Builders that centuries ago fortified our hills and peopled our valleys. IS 7 1185

America is the only country that was settled by pioneers, and the pioneer was one of the grandest types of humanity in the world. In selfdenial, in industry and in the practice of the virtues that distinguished good men and women the pioneers of America made a record in human affairs that should bo the boast of their descendents from generation to generation. The Buckeye pioueers stood at the head of the list, and the Ashland county pioneers were well up in the ranks of their fellow Buckeyes. The lights and shadows of their toilsome lives form a picture beautiful to look upon and impressive in the lessons it teaches. A halo of romance clings around the history of each humble cabin that was a pioneer home. Deep, dark forests stretched for miles around, and the cries of wild beasts were borne upon the air when night's shadows hung in heavy folds over the earth. Sounds more fearsome was the wild whoop of the painted savages, and the cracks of their rifles as they waged unrelenting war against the settlers. But after the last savage had been driven so far toward the Pacific coast that he ceased to be a terror to the settlers of Ohio, hardships and dangers still surrounded the homes of the early settlers.

We should not ignore our obligations to the poineers, but in remembering them, congratulate ourselves that we live in an age of improved utilities. The pioneers were the manufacturers of almost everything they used, not only their farming implements, but also the fabrics with which they were clothed. How different now.

All earthly things are given to change, and the firesides of the pioneer period have given place to the furnaces and registers of today. But the remembrance of the associations of the past has an attractive charm and a strong hold on our sentiments and affections. Though the scenes of our memory may be darkened by the shadows of bereavements and of sorrows, yet it is still a cherished indulgence to recall them. The rose and the thorn grow on the same bush ; so the remembrance of the past, of our f rends who have "gone before," is mingled with both pleasure and sorrow.

The author acknowledges himself indebted to the members of the advisory board for their encouragement and assistance, and to the press for its kindly notices. Also to friends for their assistance in the gathering and the compilation of the matter contained in this work.

History Of Introductory Chapter

The vast tract of territory lying north of the Ohio river on the south and between the Allegheny and the Rocky mountains on the east and west was origionally claimed by France and was designated "Louisiana." Large portions of the American continent were claimed by European monarchs by reasons of discoveries made by their subjects.

In considering this vast region of country it is necessary to advert to the fact that, after the Declaration of Independence, Connecticut set up a claim to the north part of Ohio above latitude forty degrees north, and Virginia claimed Ohio south of that line as being within the limits of her charter.

While these questions caused discussion and negotiation, they were amicably settled, and on the 13th day of July, 1787, congress assumed the jurisdiction of this territory, which included all of the territory of the United States northwest of the Ohio river, and passed an ordinance for its government. This ordinance constituted the Northwest territory a civil government with limited powers. The territory embraced within its boundaries the present states of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin and Minnesota. The ordinance provided that whenever the Northwest territory contained five thousand free male inhabitants of the age of twenty-one years it should elect a legislature and enact laws, and this grade of Colonial government was to continue until that part of the territory forming the state of Ohio had the required population of sixty thousand, when they could call a convention and frame constitution preparatory to becoming a state of the Union. The first action taken toward that end was made early in the year 1802, and after more than a year's delay, caused by legal quibbles and technicalities, Ohio became a state on the first day of March, 1803. The doubt and uncertainty as to when Ohio became a state have arisen largely from the fact that the congress tried to impose conditions and restrictions which the people of Ohio would not accept.

The question is often asked "When was Ohio admitted into the Union?" The answer should be, "Ohio became a state on the first day of March, 1803." The term ' ' admitted ' ' is not applicable to Ohio, as it is to some other states.

St. Clair was appointed governor to the Northwest territory, October 5, 1787, and arrived at Marietta, July 9, 1788. His first official act was to erect the on the banks of the Ohio river, where the western boundary line of Pennsylvania crosses it, and running with that line to Lake Erie, thence along the southern shore of said lake, to the mouth of the Cuyahoga river; thence up said river to the Portage, between it and the Tuscarawas branch of the Muskingum; thence down that branch to the forks, at the crossing place above Fort Laurens, thence with a line to be drawn westerly to the Portage, on that branch of the Big Miami on which the fort stood that was taken by the French in 1752 (Loramie's store), until it meets the road from the lower Shawneetown to Sandusky; thence south to the Scioto river; thence with that river to the mouth, and thence up the Ohio river to the place of beginning." It will be seen that Washington county, as then formed, comprised a large part of the eastern and northern portion of what is now the State of Ohio .

The importance of the county as a political unit varies in different parts of the United States. It takes a secondary rank in the New England states, that of the townships being first. In the Southern states the county or parish is the leading agency for local government. In the state of Ohio, as also in other western states, the county and the township each has its special features in the frame work of the government, and they do not vary much in their relative importance^ The structure of government existing here in Ohio is a mixed or dual system, as it has a double unit in the township and county, for each of these divisions has its primary functions to perform, and neither outranks the other to any great extent.

Historically speaking, county government here came into existence before that of townships. In the original creation and formation, county and township divisons were independent of each other, the townships not being required to first exist as a basic factor in the formation of counties. County lines were not at first, concurrent with township lines.

Hamilton county was the second county organized, and the date of its organization was January 2, 1790. When Wayne county was organized it comprised a large tract of territory, and the county seat was at Detroit. The first county organized out of the then existing counties was Adams, and there was a long fight over the location of the county seat.

The convention which met November 1, 1802, to frame the first constitution for Ohio was composed of thirty-five members, apportioned to the counties then existing as follows: Adams, three; Belmont, two; Clermont, two; Fairfield, Hamilton, ten ; Jefferson, five; Ross, five; Trumbull, two; and Washington, four.

These counties have been divided and disintegrated until from the nine organized counties and the Indian reservation that existed when the state was formed, the number of counties has grown to eighty-eight.

Geologists claim that Ashland county presents evidence of having shown dry land at a very remote period in the history of the globe. Her soils and hills are older than the carboniferous, or coal and limestone periods; and if ever either existed within the limits of this county, they were worn away by the glacial flow from the north ; or, during the emptying of the great northern seas through the valleys of the Ohio, Mississippi and the Hudson, after the elevation of the Appalachian chain of mountains, by the cooling and shrinking of the crust of the earth.

How long this region may have been covered by the northern seas, will doubtless never be known by man, but that such seas enveloped this part of the globe for an extended period of time, must be apparent to all careful observers. It is very probable that the great chain of lakes extending from northern New York to the Lake of the Woods, is but a remnant of the mighty sea that covered a large portion of the states of New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Michigan, Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin, and Minnesota. The hypothesis, that during the "glacial period" huge mountains of ice were forced southward from high northern regions, and in their advance, plowing deep valleys and wrenching granite rocks from their position, and crushing, and rolling, and rounding them into boulders by erosion, receives much strength, on careful examination. It is possible that during the "drift period" great quantities of what are called "nigger-heads," - boulders, were carried by ice, thousands of miles, thawed out, and dropped in the position they are now found. These granite boufders are found scattered all over northern Ohio, in sizes ranging from three or four pounds to tons in weight, gradually diminishing in size as they recede from the lake shore.

Further evidence of the existence of a great sea is found in the deposit of immense quantities of petrified shells, among the surface rubbish of the freestone formation. It is quite certain that these shells were deposited slowly, and that an immense period of time was exhausted in their petrification. The freestone rocks are in strata; and their beds range in thickness from three to twenty feet. The sandstone formation crops out at a later period. Petrified shells are not so frequently found above or beneath the sandstone. The sandstone is found on the highest land east of Ashland, commencing at Roseberry's hill, and extending nearly south to Lake township. It is also found on the elevated tract of land running from Milton, through Mifflin and Green townships, to Hanover. These stones are found in abundance, and form a useful and durable material for walls, bridges and buildings.

is divided into two principal slopes, or water-sheds, by a range of upland, extending in a northeast direction, across the south part of Clearcreek and the north part of Orange and Jackson townships; thus forming a dividing ridge, that separates the heads of the streams flowing south to the Muskingum, and north to Lake Erie.

In our own Ashland county we see evidences of a pre-historic people whose origin and fate are unknown. We know of them only by the monuments they reared in the form of earth-works, and as these principally are mounds, we call the people who made them ' 4 Mound Builders. 7 7 The term is not a distinguishing one, for people the world over have been mound builders, more or less, from generation to generation.

In no other country are earth-works more plainly divided into classes than here in America. In some places fortified hills and eminences suggest the citadel of a tribe or people. Again, embankments, circular or square, separate and in combination, enclosing, perhaps, one or more mounds, excite our curiosity, but fail to satisfy it, and we ask, "Are these fading embankments the boundaries of sacred enclosures, or the fortifications of a camp, or the foundations on which were built communal houses?"

In the Blackfork valley - especially the part taken from Richland and given to Ashland county - there are numerous mounds and other earth-works but only a few can be considered in the limit of this paper.

On the southwest quarter of section 17, Green township, half a mile northwest of Grcentown, there was in the years agone a circular embankment embracing about half an acre of ground. The embankment was about five feet in height in the days of old Greentown. There was a "gate-way" to the west, about twelve feet wide. In the center of the enclosure there was a mound into which excavations were made about fifty years ago to the depth of nine feet,, which appeared to be the depth of the artifical work. Coal, wood and feathers were found in the lower strata.

The Parr "fort" was a circular earth- work, about seven feet high and twelve to fourteen feet in diameter at the base. It enclosed an area of about three acres.

When the first settlers came there was an earth-work running a little southwest from the mound for some twenty rods, then back eastward to the river. The place has been under cultivation for so many years that the earth-work is now obliterated. The mound was encased with a wall of sandstone boulders, as large as a man can lift. This mound stands on the west side of the Blackfork within a few rods of the stream. The stones used in building the mound must have been carried from the hill, half a mile west from the place. The mound was examined in 1816 by a Mr. Slater, who found bones, flint implements, a pipe, etc. About seventy years ago the late Dr. Henderson had these mounds opened and in them were found human bones, decayed wood, charcoal, a stone pipe and a copper wedge. The wedge created quite a sensation at the time, as it was supposed to be gold.

Of the prehistoric works in Ashland county, reference is made to a number of them, as follows: In Jackson township, the Muddyfork valley, on the land formerly owned by John Ramsey, there is an ancient earth-work, locally called an entrenchment. The work is quadrangular and is estimated to contain a fraction over two acres. It is said that in the early settlement of the county the embankment was about three feet in height and from eight to ten feet in diameter at the base. The timber within the fort was equal in size to that of the forest around it, and was of the same character. There were formerly two mounds in the north part of Perry township ; they were about thirty feet apart, and occupied level ground near a brook. The larger one was about five feet high and twenty-five feet in diameter at the base. The smaller was about twelve feet in diameter at the base and three and a half feet high.

In the country of the Jeromefork, there was an enclosure, circular in form and contained about three acres. It was near a spring. The embankments in 1812 were about four feet in height. Large trees grew in and upon the works. Continuing up the Jeromefork, is found a beautiful valley from three to six miles wide. On an elevated point of land, overlooking the surrounding country there is an earthwork with a gradual descent from it in all directions. It would be a commanding position in military affairs. A circular embankment, two thousand one hundred and forty-five feet in length, containing an area of over eight acres, surrounds the brow of the hill. The embankment in pioneer days was about four feet high in the center and from ten to twelve feet wide at the base. The land was entered by Henry Gamble in 1815, and the earthwork is called Gamble's Fort.

The earthwork called Stoner's Fort gives evidence of having been the rendezvous or home of a numerous people. Bryte's Fort, situated about a mile and a half northwest of the Sprott hill is quadrangular in shape. Like other prehistoric earthworks, the ground has been cultivated until the earthwork is nearly obliterated.

The Winbigler Fort is on an elevated point about two miles north of the Jeromefork. It contained about four acres of land, was circular in form and seemed to have been planned for defensive warfare. The ground around it is steep and difficult of ascent.

The Metcalf Fort is also in the Jeromefork valley, on an elevated plateau, facing the valley. It was near a spring. From this fort that of Tyler's, four miles down thp stream, cold be easily seen by the naked eye.

Glenn's Fort, east of the Winbigler Fort, was on an elevated plateau, the north side of which was two hundred and thirty-six feet long, east side one hundred and ninety-five feet, the south, two hundred and six and the west, one hundred and thirty-nine feet. There was a gateway at the northwest corner, fifteen feet wide, with a guard or embankment extending out about thirty-five feet, which terminated in a small mound, perhaps a sentinel out-post. There is also a mound a few rods southwest of the center of the work, thirty-one feet in diameter and about three and a half feet in height. A number of relics and fragments of ancient pottery have been found in these works.

When Judge Kinney and party felled trees that had grown upon the earthworks at the Darling Fort the " growths" showed that the trees had been growing there several centuries before the war between the Eries and the Six Nations. The same is true of the fort near Spook Hollow, and at other places.

A mound is situated just north of Loudon ville, on the summit of Bald Knob. For a long time it was supposed to have been formed by counterfeiters in former times. It was excavated in 1877, and found to be a veritable mound, containing charcoal and fragments of human bones. Being encased with large stones, it was excavated with difficulty. As there had been a central depression for a great many years, what remains the mound contained of a perishable character had doubtless been destroyed ere the excavation was made. The site commands a fine view of the Blackfork valley.

A circular enclosure containing about two acres, is situated within the city limits of Ashland, just north of the Erie railroad. The farm upon which the enclosure is situated was formerly owned by Henry Gamble. In 1812-15 the first settlers found embankments there from three to four feet high and from eight to ten feet wide at the base. A forest of oak, hickory, sugar and ash grew upon and near the works. The enclosure overlooked the valley to the south and east, and had a gate-way to the southwest opening near a fine spring of water. The site has been ploughed for more than seventy years and scarcely a trace of the earthwork remains today.

Shambaugh's Fort, near the old Indian village of Greentown, contains about two acres, with a gateway looking to the west. In the center of this earthwork was a mound, about four feet high, which may have been used for an altar or a look-out. When first discovered, the embankment was about three and a half feet high, and ten feet wide at the base. A small brook flowed by it, from which water was no doubt obtained. As the site of the fortification has been ploughed over for more than half a century, the embankments are scarcely discernable.

The Norris mound in Orange township has been opened and found to contain specimens. A deposit of flint implements has been found in Sullivan township. There is an old Indian burial ground near the village of Orange. In Clearcreek township, about two and one-half miles west of Gamble's Fort, is Sprott's hill, which is about ninety feet in height and has an area of about five acres at its base.

It is composed of alluvium, mixed with gravel and rounded boulders. The top is about sixty by ninety feet, and is nearly flat. Upon this two mounds were erected, each about twenty-five feet in diameter, and four or five feet high.

When Thomas Sprott settled there, some seventy-five years since, large trees grew upon and about these mounds, which were about thirty feet apart. From these mounds a good view of the Gamble Fort and the mound at Orange can be had.

In examining the south mound some sixty years ago, Thomas Sprott and a brother came upon a sort of stone coffin, constructed of flat stones set on the edges, which contained the skeletons of some six or eight Indians, neatly cleaned and packed, in a good state of preservation. On the flat stones constituting the lid of the coffin, over a peck of red Vermillion was found. These relics were replaced by Mr. Sprott.

The size of the mound does not preclude the probability that it is an artificial earthwork, for Nebuchadnezzer built a mound four times as high within the walls of the city of Babylon, to please a caprice of his wife.